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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 


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LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES, 
GENEALOGISTS,   ETC. 


*  When  found,  make  a  note  of."—  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


VOLUME  NINTH. 
JANUAEY — JUNE,  1854, 


LONDON: 

GEORGE  BELL,   186.   FLEET  STREET. 
1854. 


AC 


I 

,  \ 


LIBRARY 

728041S 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION' 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

M  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


YOL.  IX.  — No.  219.]        SATURDAY,  JANUARY  7.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
i  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

-Our  Ninth  Volume     - 
NOTES  :  — 


Page 


A   Strawberry-Hill  Gem,  by  Bolton 

Corney  -  -  -  -  -  3 

The  "Ancren  Riwle,"  by  Sir  F.  Madden  5 

Order  for  the  Suppression  of  Vagrancy,  ' 

A.  D.  1650-  .M,  by  John  Bruce  -  -  6 

Letters  of  Eminent  Literary  Men,  by 

Sir  Henry  Ellis-  -  -  7 

Burial-place  of  Archbishop  Leighton, 

by  Albert  Way  ....  8 

MIXOR  NOTKS:  —Grammars.  &c.  f»r 
Public  Schools  —  "To  captivate"  — 
Bohn's  Edition  of  Matthew  of  West- 
minster —  French  Season  Rhymes 
and  Weather  Rhymes  —  Curious  Epi- 
taph in  lilliugham  Church,  Essex  «  8 


Domestic  Letters  of  Edmund  Burke    -     9 

MINOR  QirKutES  ;  —  Farrant's  Anthem 

—  Ascension    Day   Custom  —  Saw- 
bridge    and    Knight's    Numismatic 
Collections—  "The  spire  whose  silent 

/!Uiger  points  to  heaven  "  —  Lord 
Fairfax  —  Tailless  Cats—  Saltcellar 

—  Arms  and  Motto  granted  to  Col. 
"William  Carlos  —  Naval  Atrocities  — 

'Turtehydes  —  Foreign  Orders:  Queen 
•of  Bohemia  —  Pickard  Family—  Irish 
•Chieftains  —  General  Braddock  -  9 

MINOR  QUKRIFS  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Lawless  Court,  Bochford,  Essex  — 
Mot>o  on  old  Damask  —  Explanation 
of  the  Word  "  Miser  "  —  "  Acis  and 
Galatea  "  —  Birm-bank  —General 
Thomas  Gage  -  -  -  -  11 

REPLIES  :  — 

Rapping  no  Novelty,  by  Key.  Dr.  Mait- 

land  .....  12 
Occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  by  John 

Macray  -  -  -  -  -  13 
Oltic  and  Latin  Languages  -  -  14 
-Geometrical  Curiosity,  by  Professor  De 

Morsnn  -  -  -  -  -  14 

The  Blftck-gUftTd,  hy  P.  Cunningham  -  15 
The  Calves'  Head  Club,  by  Edward 

Peacock  -  ...    15 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  _ 
The  Cnlotype  Process  —  Hockin's 
Short  Sketch-  Photographic  Society  'a 
Exhibition  -  -  ,  -  -  16 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES:  —  "Firm 
was  their  faith,"  .tc.—  Vellum-clean- 
ing— Wooden  Tombs  —  Solar  Eclipse 
in  the  Year  1203  —Lines  on  Woman 

—  Satin  —  "  Quid   fades,"    &c.  —  So- 
tatles  _  The  Third  Part  of  "  Chris- 
tabel"—  Attainment  of  Majority  — 
Lord  Halifax  and  Mrs.  C.  Barton  — 
The  fifth  Lord  Byron—  Burton  Fa- 
mily —  Provost    Hodgson's  Transla- 
tion of  the  Atys  of  Catullus,  &c.        -    17 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.         -  -  -21 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted  ,  -  21 
A  otiees  to  Correspondents  -  -  22 


VOL.  IX.— No.  219. 


rTHE  SACRED  GARLAND,  or 

L  THE  CHRISTIAN'S  DAILY  DE- 
LIGHT. 

"  Pluck  a  Flower." 

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and  Berlin. 

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the  Laboratory  of  Professor  Bunsen,  and  Che- 
mical Lecturer  in  the  University  of  Marburg. 

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Will  be  published  on  the  loth  instant,  price  4rf. 
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T  IVERPOOL       PHOTOGRA- 

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Members  of  the  Liverpool  Photographic  So- 
ciety. 


Published  by  HENRY  GREENWOOD,   16; 

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its  comfort  cannot  be  too  highly  appreciated. 
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NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  219. 


NEW    WORKS. 


THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW, 

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3.  Public  Works  in  the  Presidency  of  Madras. 

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5.  Education  for  the  Rich  and  Poor. 

6.  Thackeray's  Works. 

7.  The  Machinery  of  Parliamentary  Legis- 

lation. 

8.  The  Ottoman  Empire. 

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DON. 


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***  The  Plates  which  illustrate  this  Vo- 
lume are  upon  a  novel  plan,  and  will,  at  a 
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themselves,  so  that  the  eye  soon  becomes  fa- 
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under  Constantine  Paleologos.    2  vols.  8vo., 
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CONTENTS:— Section  1.  Origin  of  Coinage- 
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Coinage— Consular  Coins.  5.  Roman  Imperial 
Coins.  6.  Roman  British  Coins.  7.  Ancient 
British  Coinage.  8.  Anglo-Saxon  Coinage. 
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ROMAN  STATE.  Translated  from  the 
Italian,  hv  a  LADY,  under  the  Direction  of 
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M.P.  Vol.  IV.  (completing  the  Work).  8vo. 

HISTORY     OF    YUCATAN, 

from  its  Discovery  to  the  Close  of  the  17th 
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HEERE.  PostSvo. 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


3 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  7,  1854. 
OUR    NINTH    VOLUME. 

THE  commencement  of  a  New  Year,  and  of  our  Ninth 
Volume,  imposes  upon  Us  the  pleasant  duty  of  wishing 
many  happy  returns  of  the  season  to  all  our  Friends, 
Correspondents,  and  Readers. 

Those  of  the  latter  class,  who  have  so  earnestly  im- 
pressed upon  Us  the  propriety  and  advisableness  of 
placing  our  Advertisements  on  the  outside  leaves  of 
each  Number,  will  see  that  their  wishes  have  at  length 
been  complied  with.  We  trust  they  will  be  pleased 
with  this  change,  and  receive  it  as  a  proof  of  our  readi- 
ness to  attend  to  every  reasonable  suggestion  for  the 
improvement  of  "  NOTES  AND  QUERIES."  We  can 
assure  them  that  it  is  no  less  our  desire  to  do  so  than 
our  interest. 


A    STRAWBERRY-HILL    GEM. 

"  Pour  qui  se  donne  la  peine  de  chercher,  il  y  a  tou- 
jours  quelque  trouvaille  a  fair e,  meme  dans  ce  qui  a  ete  le 
plus  visite." — Henry  PATIN. 

I  take  up  a  work  of  European  celebrity,  and 
reflect  awhile  on  its  bibliographic  peculiarities  — 
which  may  almost  pass  for  romance. 

It  is  a  Scottish  work  with  regard  to  the  family 
connexion  of  its  author  :  it  is  an  Irish  work 
with  regard  to  the  place  of  his  nativity.  It  is  an 
English  work  as  to  the  scenes  which  it  represents ; 
a  French  work  as  to  the  language  in  which  it  was 
written ;  a  Dutch  work  as  to  the  country  in 
which  it  came  to  light.  It  was  formerly  printed 
anonymously  :  it  has  since  borne  the  name  of  its 
author.  It  was  formerly  printed  for  public  sale  : 
it  has  been  twice  printed  for  private  circulation. 
It  was  formerly  classed  as  fiction  :  it  is  now  be- 
lieved to  be  history. 

But  we  have  too  many  enigmas  in  the  annals 
of  literature,  and  I  must  not  add  to  the  number. 
The  work  to  which  I  allude  is  the  Memoires  du 
comte  de  Grammont  par  le  comte  Antoine  Hamilton. 

The  various  indications  of  a  projected  re-im- 
pression of  the  work  remind  me  of  my  portefeuiUe 
Hamiltonien,  and  impose  on  me  the  task  of  a 
partial  transcription  of  its  contents. 

Of  the  numerous  editions  of  the  Memoires  de 
Grammont  as  recorded  by  Brunet,  Renouard,  or 
Querard,  or  left  unrecorded  by  those  celebrated 
bibliographers,  I  shall  describe  only  four ;  which 
I  commend  to  the  critical  examination  of  future 
editors  : 

1.  "  Memoires  de  la  me  du  comte  de  Grammont;  con- 
tenant  particulierement  Vhistoire  amoureuse  de  la  cour 
d'Angleterre,  sous  le  regne  de  Charles  II.  A  Cologne, 
chez  Pierre  Marteau,  1713.  12°,  pp.  4  +  428. 


"  Avis  DU  LIBRAIRE.  II  seroit  inutile  de  recorn- 
mander  ici  la  lecture  des  memoires  qui  composent  ce 
volume  :  le  titre  seul  de  Memoires  du  comte  de  Gram- 
mont reveillera  sans  doute  la  cutiosite  du  public  pour 
un  homme  qui  lui  est  deja  si  connu  d'ailleurs,  tant  par 
la  reputation  qu'il  a  scu  se  faire,  que  par  les  differens 
portraits  qu'en  ont  donnez  Mrs.  de  Bussi  et  de  St. 
Evremont,  dans  leurs  ouvrages;  et  Ton  ne  doute  nul- 
lement  qu'il  ne  re^oive,  avec  beaucoup  de  plaisir,  un 
livre,  dans  lequel  on  lui  raconte  ses  avantures,  sur  ce 
qu'il  en  a  bien  voulu  raconter  lui-meme  a  celui  qui  a 
pris  la  peine  de  dresser  ces  memoires. 

"  Outre  les  avantures  du  comte  de  Grammont,  ils  con- 
tiennent  particulie[re]ment  1'histoire  amoureuse  de  la 
cour  d'Angleterre,  sous  le  regne  de  Charles  II;  et, 
comme  on  y  decouvre  quantite  de  choses,  qui  ont  ete 
tenues  cachees  jusqu'a  present,  et  qui  font  voir  jusqu'a 
quel  exces  on  a  porte  le  dereglement  dans  cette  cour, 
ce  n'est  pas  le  morceau  le  moins  interessant  de  ces 
memoires. 

"  On  les  donne  ici  sur  une  copie  manuscrite,  qu'on  en 
a  recue  de  Paris  :  et  on  les  a  fait  imprimer  avec  le  plus 
d'exactitude  qu'il  a  ete  possible." 

The  above  is  the  first  edition.  The  imprint  is 
fictitious.  It  was  much  used  by  the  Elzevirs,  and 
by  other  Dutch  printers.  The  second  edition, 
with  the  same  imprint,  is  dated  in  1714  (Cat.  de 
Guyon  de  Sardiere,  No.  939.).  The  third  edition 
was  printed  at  Rotterdam  in  1716.  The  avis  is 
omitted  in  that  edition,  and  in  all  the  later  im- 
pressions which  I  have  seen.  Its  importance  as  a 
history  of  the  publication  induces  me  to  revive  it. 
There  is  also  an  edition  printed  at  Amsterdam  in 
1717  (Cat.  de  L-amy,  No.  3918.);  and  another  at 
La  Haye  in  1731  (Cat.  de  Rothelin,  No.  2534*). 
Brunet  omits  the  edition  of  1713.  Renouard  and 
Querard  notice  it  too  briefly. 

2.  "  Memoires  du  comte  de  Grammont,  par  monsieur  le 
comte  Antoine  Hamilton.  Nouvelle  edition,  augmentee  (Cun 
discours  preliminalre  mele  de  prose  et  de  vers,par  le  meme 
auteur,  et  d'un  avertissement  contenant  quelques  anecdotes 
de  la  vie  du  comte  Hamilton.  A  Paris,  chez  la  veuve 
Pissot,  Quay  de  Conti,  a  la  croix  d'or.  1746."  12°.  pp., 
24  +  408. 

"  AVERTISSEMENT.  Le  public  a  fait  un  accueil  si 
favorable  a  ces  Memoires,  que  nous  avons  cru  devoir  en 
procurer  une  nouvelle  edition.  Outre  les  avantures  du 
comte  de  Grammont,  tres-piquantes  par  elles-memes, 
ils  contiennent  1'histoire  amoureuse  d'Angleterre  sous 
le  regne  de  Charles  II.  Ils  sont  d'ailleurs  ecrits  d'une 
maniere  si  vive  et  si  ingenieuse,  qu'ils  ne  laisseroient 
pas  de  plaire  infiniment,  quand  la  matiere  en  seroit 
moins  interessante. 

*'  Le  heros  de  ces  Memoires  a  trouve*  dans  le  comte- 
Hamilton  un  historien  digne  de  lui.  Car  on  n'ignore 
plus  qu'ils  sont  partis  de  la  meme  main  a  qui  Ton  doit 
encore  d'autres  ouvrages  frappes  au  meme  coin. 

"  Nous  avons  enrichi  cette  edition  d'un  discours  mele 
de  prose  et  de  vers,  ou  1'on  exagere  la  difficulte  qu'il  y 
a  de  bien  representer  le  comte  de  Grammont.  On  re- 
connoitra  facilement  que  ce  discours  est  du  meme  au- 
teur que  les  Memoires,  et  qu'il  devoit  naturellement  en 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


orner  le  frontispice.  Au  reste  il  ne  nous  appartient 
point  d'en  apprecierle  merite.  Nous  dirons  seulement 
que  des  personnes  d'ungout  sur  et  delicat  le  comparent 
au  Voyage  de  Chapelle,  et  qu'ils  y  trouvent  les  memes 
graces,  le  meme  naturel  et  la  meme  legerete. 

"  II  ne  nous  reste  plus  qu'a  dire  un  mot  de  M.  Hamil- 
ton lui-meme,  auteur  de  ces  memoires,  et  du  discours 
qui  les  precede. 

"  Antoine  Hamilton  dont  nous  parlons,  e"toit  de  1'an- 
cienne  et  illustre  maison  de  ce  nom  en   Ecosse.     II 
naquit    en   Irlande.      II   cut   pour    pere    le    chevaliei 
Georges  Hamilton,  petit-fils  du  due  d'Hamilton,  qu 
fut  aussi  due  de  Chatelleraud  en  France. 

"  Sa  mere  etoit  madame  Marie  Butler,  sceur  du  due 
d'Ormond,  viceroi  d'Irlande,  et  grand  maitre  de  la 
maison  du  roi  Charles. 

"  Dans  les  revolutions  qui  arriverent  du  terns  de 
Cromwel,  ils  suivirent  le  roi  et  le  due  d'Yorck  son 
frere  qui  passerent  en  France.  Ils  y  amenerent  leur 
famille.  Antoine  ne  faisoit  a  peine  que  de  naitre. 

"  Lorsque  le  roi  fut  retabli  sur  son  trone,  il  ramena 
en  Angleterre  les  jeux  et  la  magnificence.  On  voit 
dans  les  memoires  de  Grammont  combien  cette  cotir 
etoit  brillante  ;  la  curiosite"  y  attira  le  comle  de  Gram- 
mont. II  y  vit  mademoiselle  d'Hamilton,  il  ne  tarda 
pas  a  sentir  le  pouvoir  de  ses  charmes,  il  1'epousa 
enfin  ;  et  c'est  la  tendresse  qu1 Antoine  avoit  pour  sa 
soeur,  qui  1'engagea  a  faire  plusieurs  voyages  en  France, 
ou  il  etoit  eleve,  et  ou  il  a  passe  une  partie  de  sa  vie. 

"  M.  Antoine  Hamilton  etant  catholique,  il  ne  put 
obtenir  d'emploi  en  Angleterre ;  et  rien  ne  fut  capable 
d'ebranler  ni  sa  religion,  ni  la  fidelite  qu'il  devoit  a 
son  roi. 

"  Le  roi  Jaques  etant  monte  sur  le  trone,  il  lui  donna 
un  regiment  d'infanterie  en  Irlande  et  le  gouvernement 
de  Limeric.  Mais  ce  prince,  ayant  ete  oblige  de  quit- 
ter ses  etats  le  comte  Hamilton  repassa  avec  la  famille 
royale  en  France.  C'est -la  et  pendant  le  long  sejour 
qu'il  y  a  fait,  qu'il  a  compose  les  divers  ouvrages  qui 
lui  ont  acquis  tant  de  reputation.  II  mourut  a  S. 
Germain  le  21  Avril  1720.  dans  de  grands  sentimens 
de  piete,  et  apres  avoir  re§u  les  derniers  sacremens. 
II  etoit  age  alors  d'environ  74  ans.  II  a  merite  les 
regrets  de  tous  ceux  qui  avoient  le  bonheur  de  le  con- 
noitre.  Ne  serieux,  il  avoit  dans  1'esprit  tous  les 
agremens  imaginables  ;  mais  ce  qui  est  plus  digne  de 
louanges,  a  ces  agremens,  qui  sont  frivoles  sans  la 
vertu,  il  joignoit  toutes  les  qualitez  du  cceur." 

If  the  above  avertissement  first  appeared  in  1746, 
which  I  have  much  reason  to  conclude,  this  is 
certainly  a  very  important  edition.  The  biogra- 
phical portion  of  the  advertisement  is  the  found- 
ation of  the  later  memoirs  of  Hamilton.  In  the 
Moreri  of  1759,  we  have  it  almost  verbatim,  but 
taken  from  the  (Euvres  du  comte  Antoine  Hamilton, 
1749.  Neither  Brunet,  nor  Renouard,  nor  Que- 
rard  notice  the  edition  of  1746.  The  copy  which 
I  have  examined  has  the  book-plate  G.  III.  R. 

3.  '«  Memoires  du  comte  de  Grammont,  par  le  C.  An- 
toine. Hamilton.  1760."  [De  1'imprimerie  de  Didot, 
rue  Pavee,  1760.]  J2°.  I.  partie,  pp.  36  +  316.  II. 
partie,  pp.  4  +  340. 


This  edition  has  the  same  avertissement  as  that 
of  1746.  The  imprint  is  M.DCC.LX.  The  type  re- 
sembles our  small  pica,  and  the  paper  has  the 
water-mark  Auvergne  1749.  At  the  end  of  the 
second  part  appears,  De  Timprimerie  de  Didot, 
rue  Pavee,  1760.  This  must  be  M.  Francois 
Didot  of  Paris.  I  find  the  same  colophon  in  the 
Bibliographic  instructive,  1763-8.  v.  631.  This 
very  neat  edition  has  also  escaped  the  aforesaid 
bibliographic  trio ! 

4.  "  Memoires  du  comte  de  Grammont,  par  monsieur 
le  comte  Antoine  Hamilton.  Nouvelle  edition,  augmentee 
de  notes  et  d'edaircissemens  necessaires,  par  M.  Horace 
Walpole.  Imprimee  a  Strawberry- Hill.  1772."  4°. 
pp.  24+294.  8  portraits. 

[Dedication.]     "A  madame 

"  L'editeur  vous  consacre  cette  edition,  comme  un 
monument  de  son  amitie,  de  son  admiration,  et  de  son 
respect ;  a  vous,  dont  les  graces,  1'esprit,  et  le  gout  re- 
tracent  au  siecle  present  le  siecle  de  Louis  quatorze  et 
les  agremens  de  1'auteur  de  ces  memoires." 

Such  are  the  inscriptions  on  the  Strawberry- 
Hill  gem.  Much  has  been  said  of  its  brilliancy  — 
and  so,  for  the  sake  of  novelty,  I  shall  rather  dwell 
on  its  flaws. 

The  volume  was  printed  at  the  private  press  of 
M.  Horace  Walpole  at  Strawberry- Hill,  and  the 
impression  was  (.limited  to  one  hundred  copies,  of 
which  thirty  were  sent  to  Paris.  So  much  for  its 
attractions  — now  for  its  flaws.  In  reprinting  the 
dedication  to  madame  du  Deffand,  I  had  to  insert 
eight  accents  to  make  decent  French  of  it !  The 
avis  is  a  mere  medley  of  fragments :  I  could  not 
ask  a  compositor  to  set  it  up!  The  avertissement 
is  copied,  without  a  word  of  intimation  to  that 
effect,  from  the  edition  of  1746.  The  notes  to 
the  epitre  are  also  copied  from  that  edition,  except 
L'abbe  de  Chanlieu ;  and  two  of  the  notes  to  the 
memoirs  are  from  the  same  source.  The  other 
notes,  in  the  opinion  of  sir  William  Musgrave, 
are  in  part  taken  from  an  erroneous  printed  Key. 
Where  are  the  eclaircissements  ?  I  find  none  ex- 
cept a  list  of  proper  names  —  of  which  about  one- 
third  part  is  omitted ! 

In  quoting  Brunet,  T  have  used  the  fourth  edi- 
tion of  the  Manuel  du  libraire,  1842-4;  in  quoting 
Renouard,  I  refer  to  the  avis  prefixed  to  the 
(Euvres  du  comte  Antoine  Hamilton,  1812  ;  in, 
quoting  Querard,  to  La  France  litteraire,  1827-39. 
The  other  references  are  to  sale  catalogues.  The 
titles  of  the  books  described,  and  the  extracts,  are 
given  literatim,  and,  except  as  above  noted,  with 
the  same  accentuation  and  punctuation. 

To  revert  to  the  question  of  a  new  edition  :  I 
should  prefer  the  French  text,  for  various  reasons, 
o  any  English  translation  that  could  be  made. 
That  of  Abel  Boyer  is  wretched  burlesque  ! 

The  chief  requirements    of  a  French  edition 

ould  be,  a  collation  of  the  editions  of  1713  and 
1746 — the  rectification  of  the  names  of  persons 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


and  places  —  a  revision  of  the  punctuation  —  and 
a  strict  conformity,  as  to  general  orthography  and 
accentuation,  with  the  Dictionnaire  de  VAcademie 
franqaise,  as  edited  in  1835.  The  substance  of 
the  avis  of  1713  might  be  stated  in  a  preface;  and 
the  avertissement  of  1746,  a  clever  composition, 
would  serve  as  an  introduction  and  memoir  of  the 
author.  Those  who  doubt  its  value  may  consult 
the  Grand  dictionnaire  historique,  and  the  Bio- 
graphie  universclle.  As  one  hundred  and  sixty 
persons  are  noticed  in  the  work,  brevity  of  anno- 
tation is  very  desirable.  It  would  require  much 
research.  The  manuscript  notes  of  sir  William 
Musgrave  would,  however,  be  very  serviceable  — 
more  so,  I  conceive,  than  the  printed  notes  of  M. 
Horace  Walpole. 

As  the  indications  of  a  projected  re-impression 
may  be  fallacious,  I  shall  conclude  with  a  word  of 
advice  to  inexperienced  collectors.  Avoid  tliejolie 
edition  printed  at  Paris  by  F.  A.  Didot,  par  ordre 
de  monseigneur  le  comte  d'Atlois,  in  1781.  It  is 
the  very  worst  specimen  of  editorship.  Avoid  also 
the  London  edition  of  1792.  The  preface  is  a 
piratical  pasticcio ;  the  verbose  notes  are  from 
the  most  accessible  books ;  the  portraits,  very  un- 
equal in  point  of  execution,  I  believe  to  be  chiefly 
copies  of  prints — not  d'apres  des  tableaux  origi- 
naux.  The  most  desirable  editions  are,  1.  The 
edition  of  1760  ;  2.  That  of  1772,  as  a  curiosity; 
3.  That  edited  by  M.  Renouard,  Paris,  1812,  18°. 
2  yols.;  4.  That  edited  by  M.  Renouard  in  1812,  8°. 
with  eight  portraits.  The  latter  edition  forms  part 
of  the  GEuvres  du  comte  Antoine  Hamilton  in  3  vols. 
It  seldom  occurs  for  sale.  BOLTON  COKNEY. 


THE    "ANCREN   RIWLE. 

The  publication  of  this  valuable  semi-Saxon  or 
Early  English  treatise  on  the  duties  of  monastic 
life,  recently  put  forth  by  the  Camden  Society, 
under  the  editorship  of  the  Rev.  James  Morton, 
is  extremely  acceptable,  and  both  the  Society  and 
the  editor  deserve  the  cordial  thanks  of  all  who 
are  interested  in  the  history  of  our  language.  As 
one  much  interested  in  the  subject,  and  who  many 
years  since  entertained  the  design  now  so  ably 
executed  by  Mr.  Morton,  I  may  perhaps  be  al- 
lowed to  offer  a  few  remarks  on  the  work  itself, 
and  on  the  manuscripts  which  contain  it.  Mr. 
Morton  is  unquestionably  right  in  his  statement 
that  the  Latin  MS.  in  Magdalen  College,  Oxford, 
No.  67.,  is  only  an  abridged  translation  of  the 
original  vernacular  text.  Twenty-three  years  ago 
I  had  access  to  the  same  MS.  by  permission  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Routh,  the  President  of  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, and  after  reading  and  making  extracts  from 
it*,  I  came  to  the  same  conclusion  as  Mr.  Morton. 

*  At  p.  viii.  of  Mr.  Morton's  preface,  for  "yerze" 
(eye),  my  extracts  read  "yze." 


It  hardly  admits,  I  think,  of  a  doubt ;  for  even 
without  the  internal  evidence  furnished  by  the 
Latin  copy,  the  age  of  the  manuscripts  containing 
the  Early  English  text  at  once  set  aside  the  sup- 
position that  Simon  of  Ghent  (Bishop  of  Salisbury 
from  1297  to  1315)  was  the  original  author  of  the 
work.  The  copy  in  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cam- 
bridge, I  have  not  seen,  but  of  the  three  copies  in 
the  British  Museum  I  feel  confident  that  the  one 
marked  Cleopatra  C.  vi.  was  actually  written  be- 
fore Bishop  Simon  of  Ghent  had  emerged  from  the 
nursery.  This  copy  is  not  only  the  oldest,  but 
the  most  curious,  from  the  corrections  and  alter- 
ations made  in  it  by  a  somewhat  later  hand,  the 
chief  of  which  are  noticed  in  the  printed  edition. 
The  collation,  however,  of  this  MS.  might  have 
been,  with  advantage,  made  more  minutely,  for  at 
present  many  readings  are  passed  over.  Thus,  at 
p.  8.,  for  unweote  the  second  hand  has  congoun; 
at  p.  62.,  for  herigen  it  has  preisen;  at  p.  90.,  for 
on  cheajfte,  it  reads  o  mufre,  &c.  The  original  hand 
has  also  some  remarkable  variations,  which  would 
cause  a  suspicion  that  this  was  the  first  draft  of 
the  author's  work.  Thus,  at  p.  12.,  for  scandle, 
the  first  hand  has  schonde ;  at  p.  62.,  for  baldeliche 
it  reads  bradliche ;  at  p.  88.,  for  nout  for^  it  has 
anonden,  and  the  second  hand  aneust ;  at  p.  90.,  for 
sunderliche  it  reads  sunderlepes,  &c.  All  these, 
and  many  other  curious  variations,  are  not  noticed 
in  the  printed  edition.  On  the  fly -leaf  of  this 
MS.  is  written,  in  a  hand  of  the  time  of  Edward  L, 
as  follows  :  "  Datum  abbatie  et  conventui  de  Leghe 
per  Dame  M.  de  Clare"  The  lady  here  referred 
to  was  doubtless  Maud  de  Clare,  second  wife  of 
Richard  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Hereford  and  Glou- 
cester, who,  at  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward I.,  is  known  to  have  changed  the  Augus- 
tinian  Canons  of  Leghe,  in  Devonshire,  into  an 
abbess  and  nuns  of  the  same  order ;  and  it  was 
probably  at  the  same  period  she  bestowed  this 
volume  on  them.  The  conjecture  of  Mr.  Morton, 
that  Bishop  Poore,  who  died  in  1237,  might  have 
been  the  original  author  of  the  Ancren  Riivle^  is 
by  no  means  improbable,  and  deserves  farther 
inquiry.  The  error  as  to  Simon  of  Ghent  is  due, 
in  the  first  place,  not  to  Dr.  Smith,  but  to  Richard 
James  (Sir  Robert  Cotton's  librarian),  who  wrote 
on  the  fly-leaves  of  all  the  MSS.  in  the  Cottonian 
Library  a  note  of  their  respective  contents,  and 
who  is  implicitly  followed  by  Smith.  Wanley  is 
more  blamable,  and  does  not  here  evince  his  usual 
critical  accuracy,  but  (as  remarked  by  Mr. 
Morton)  he  could  only  have  looked  at  a  few 
pages  of  the  work.  The  real  fact  seems  to  be 
that  Simon  of  Ghent  made  the  abridged  Latin 
version  of  the  seven  books  of  the  Riivle  now  pre- 
served in  Magdalen  College,  and  this  supposition 
may  well  enough  be  reconciled  with  the  words  of 
Leland,  who  says  of  him,  — 

"Edidit  inter  cetera,  libros  scptem  de  Vita  Solitaria, 


6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219., 


ad  Virgines  Tarentinas,  Duriae  cultrices." — Comment., 
p.  316. 

A  second  copy  of  the  Latin  version  was  formerly 
in  the  Cottonian  collection  (Vitellius  E.  vii.),  but 
no  fragment  of  it  has  hitherto  been  recovered  from 
the  mass  of  burnt  crusts  and  leaves  left  after  the  fire 
of  1731.  I  am  happy,  however,  to  add,  that  within 
the  last  few  months,  the  manuscript  marked  Vitel- 
lius F.  vii.,  containing  a  French  translation  of  the 
Riwle,  made  in  the  fourteenth  century  (very 
closely  agreeing  with  the  vernacular  text),  has 
been  entirely  restored,  except  that  the  top  margins 
of  the  leaves  have  been  burnt  at  each  end  of  the 
volume.  This  damage  has,  unfortunately,  carried 
away  the  original  heading  of  the  treatise,  and  the 
title  given  us  by  Smith  is  copied  partly  from 
James's  note.  This  copy  of  the  French  version 
appears  to  be  unique,  and  is  the  more  interesting 
from  its  having  a  note  at  the  end  (now  half  ob- 
literated by  the  fire),  stating  that  it  belonged  to 
Eleanor  de  Bohun,  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  whose 
motto  is  also  added,  "  Plesance.  M  [mil],  en  vn" 
The  personage  in  question  was  Eleanor,  daughter 
of  Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford,  and 
wife  of  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  who  ended  her 
days  as  a  nun  in  the  convent  at  Barking  in  1399. 
Is  any  other  instance  known  of  the  use  of  this 
motto  ?  Before  I  conclude  these  brief  remarks,  I 
may  mention  a  fifth  copy  of  the  Ancren  Riwle, 
which  has  escaped  the  notice  of  Mr.  Morton.  It 
is  buried  in  the  enormous  folio  manuscript  of  old 
English  poetry  and  prose  called  the  Vernon  MS., 
in  the  Bodleian  Library,  written  in  the  reign  of 
Richard  II.,  and  occurs  at  pp.  37lb> — 392.  In  the 
table  of  contents  prefixed  to  this  volume  it  is 
entitled  "The  Roule  of  Reclous;"  and  although 
the  phraseology  is  somewhat  modernised,  it  agrees 
better  with  the  MS.  Cleopatra  C.  vi.  than  with 
Nero  A.  xiv.,  from  which  Mr.  Morton's  edition  is 
printed.  This  copy  is  not  complete,  some  leaves 
having  been  cut  out  in  the  sixth  book,  and  the 
scribe  leaves  off  at  p.  420.  of  the  printed  edition. 

It  is  very  much  to  be  wished  that  Mr.  Morton 
would  undertake  the  task  of  editing  another  vo- 
lume of  legends,  homilies,  and  poems,  of  the  same 
age  as  the  Ancren  Riwle,  still  existing  in  various 
manuscripts.  One  of  the  homilies,  entitled  "  Sawles 
Warde,"  in  the  Bodley  MS,  34.,  Cott.  MS.  Titus 
D.  xviii.,  and  Old  Royal  MS.  17A.  xxvii.,  is  very 
curious,  and  well  deserves  to  be  printed. 

F.  MADDEN. 

British  Museum. 


ORDER   FOR    THE    SUPPRESSION    OF    VAGRANCY, 
A.  D.  1650-51. 

At  a  time  when  the  question  of  "  What  is  to  be 
done  with  our  vagrant  children  ? "  is  occupying 
the  attention  of  all  men  of  philanthropic  minds,  H 
may  be  worth  while  to  give  place  in  your  pages  to 


the  following  order  addressed  by  the  Lord  Mayor 
of  London  to  his  aldermen  in  1650-51,  which  ap- 
plies, amongst  other  things,  to  that  very  subject. 
It  will  be  seen  that  some  of  the  artifices  of  beg- 
gary in  that  day  were  very  similar  to  those  with 
which  we  are  now  but  too  familiar.  The  difference 
of  treatment  between  vagrant  children  over  and 
under  nine  years  of  age,  is  worthy  of  observation. 

"  By  THE  MAYOR. 

"  Forasmuch  as  of  late  the  constables  of  this  city 
have  neglected  to  put  in  execution  the  severall  whol- 
some  laws  for  punishing  of  vagrants,  and  passing  them. 
•  to  the  places  of  their  last  abode,  whereby  great  scandall 
and  dishonour  is  brought  upon  the  government  of  this 
city ;  These  are  therefore  to  will  and  require  you,  or 
your  deputy,  forthwith  to  call  before  you  the  several 
constables  within  your  ward,  and  strictly  to  charge 
them  to  put  in  execution  the  said  laws,  or  to  expect 
the  penalty  of  forty  shillings  to  be  levyed  upon  their 
estates,  for  every  vagrant  that  shal  be  found  begging 
in  their  several  precincts.  And  to  the  end  the  said 
constables  may  not  pretend  ignorance,  what  to  do  with 
the  several  persons  which  they  shal  find  offending  the 
said  laws,  these  are  further  to  require  them,  that  al 
aged  or  impotent  persons  who  are  not  fit  to  work,  be 
passed  from  constable  to  constable  to  the  parish  where 
they  dwel  ;  and  that  the  constable  in  whose  ward  they 
are  found  begging,  shal  give  a  passe  under  his  hand, 
expressing  the  place  where  he  or  she  were  taken,  and 
the  place  whither  they  are  to  be  passed.  And  for 
children  under  five  years  of  age,  who  have  no  dwelling,  or 
cannot  give  an  account  of  their  parents,  the  parish  where 
they  are  found  are  to  provide  for  them  ;  and  for  those 
which  shall  bee  found  lying  under  stalls,  having  no  habit- 
ation or  parents  (from  five  to  nine  years  old"),  are  to  be 
sent  to  the  Wardrobe  House*,  to  be  provided  for  by  the 
corporation  for  the  poore  ;  and  all  above  nine  years  of  age 
are  to  be  sent  to  Bridewel.  And  for  men  or  women  who 
are  able  to  work  and  goe  begging  with  young  children, 
such  persons  for  the  first  time  to  be  passed  to  the 
place  of  their  abode  as  aforesaid  ;  and  being  taken 
againe,  they  are  to  be  carryed  to  Bridewel,  to  be  cor- 
rected according  to  the  discretion  of  the  governours. 
And  for  those  persons  that  shal  be  found  to  hire  children, 
or  go  begging  with  children  not  sucking,  those  children  are 
to  be  sent  to  the  several  parisltes  wher  they  dwel,  and  the 
persons  so  hiring  them  to  Bridewel,  to  be  corrected  and 
passed  away,  or  kept  at  work  there,  according  to  the  go- 
vernour's  discretion.  And  for  al  other  vagrants  and 
beggars  under  any  pretence  whatsoever,  to  be  forthwith 
sent  down  to  Bridewel  to  be  imployed  and  corrected, 
according  to  the  statute  laws  of  this  commonwealth, 
except  before  excepted ;  and  the  president  and  go- 
vernours of  Bridewel  are  hereby  desired  to  meet  twice 
every  week  to  see  to  the  execution  of  this  Precept. 
And  the  steward  of  the  workehouse  called  the  Wardrobe,  is 


*  I  suppose  this  to  have  been  the  ancient  building 
known  by  the  name  of  The  Royal,  or  The  Tower 
Royal,  used  for  a  time  as  the  Queen's  Wardrobe.  It 
will  be  seen  that  it  was  occupied  in  1650  as  a  work- 
house. 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


authorised  to  receive  into  that  house  such  children  as  are 
of  the  age  between  five  and  nine,  as  is  before  specified  and 
limited  •  and  the  said  steward  is  from  time  to  time  to 
acquaint  the  corporation  for  the  poor,  wh.at  persons  are 
brought  in,  to  the  end  they  may  bee  provided  for. 
Dated  this  four  and  tvventyeth  day  of  January,  1650. 

SAULEU." 

JOHN  BRUCE. 


LETTERS    OF    EMINENT    LITERARY    MEN. 


I  send  you,  as  a  New  Year's  Gift  for  your  "  N.  &  Q.," 
transcripts  of  half-a-dozen  Letters  of  Eminent  Literary 
Men,  specimens  of  whose  correspondence  it  will  do 
your  work  no  discredit  to  preserve, 

Yours  faithfully, 

HENRY  ELLIS. 
British  Museum,  Dec.  2G,  1853. 


I. 


Dean  Swift  to 


[MS.  Addit,  Brit.  Mus.,  12,113.      Orig,'] 

Belcamp,  Mar.  14th. 
Sir, 

Riding  out  this  morning  to  dine  here  with 
Mr.  Grattan,  I  saw  at  his  house  the  poor  lame  boy 
that  gives  you  this  :  he  was  a  servant  to  a  plow- 
man near  Lusk,  and  while  he  was  following  the 
plow,  a  dog  bit  him  in  the  leg,  about  eleven  weeks 
ago.  One  Mrs.  Price  endeavored  six  weeks  to 
cure  him,  but  could  not,  and  his  Master  would 
maintain  him  no  longer.  Mr.  Grattan  and  I  are 
of  opinion  that  he  may  be  a  proper  object  to  be 
received  into  Dr.  Stephen's  Hospital.  The  boy 
tells  his  story  naturally,  and  Mr.  Grattan  and  I 
took  pity  of  him.  If  you  find  him  curable,  and  it 
be  not  against  the  rules  of  the  Hospitall,  I  hope 
you  will  receive  him. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  most  humble  Servt. 

JONATH.  SWIFT. 
II. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Baker  to  Mr.  Humphry  Wanley. 
[Harl.  MS.  3778,  Art.  43.     Or/>.] 

Cambridge,  Oct.  16th  [1718]. 
Worthy  Sir, 

I  am  glad  to  hear  Mrs.  Elstob  is  in  a  condition 
to  pay  her  debts,  for  me  she  may  be  very  easy  : 
tho'  I  could  wish  for  the  sake  of  the  University 
(thp'  I  am  no  way  engaged,  having  taken  up  my 
obligation)  that  you  could  recover  the  Book,  or  at 
least  could  find  where  it  is  lodged,  that  Mr.  Brook 
may  know  where  to  demand  it.  This,  I  presume, 
may  be  done. 

If  you  have  met  with  Books  printed  by  Gutten- 
berg,  you  have  made  a  great  discovery.  I  thought 
there  had  been  none  such  in  the  world,  and  began 
to  look  upon  Fust  as  the  first  Printer.  I  have 


seen  the  Bishop  of  Ely's  Catbolicon  (now  with  us), 
which,  for  aught  I  know,  may  have  been  printed 
by  Guttenberg;  for  tho'  it  be  printed  at  Ments, 
yet  there  is  no  name  of  the  Printer,  and  the  cha- 
racter is  more  rude  than  Fust's  Tuliie's  Offices, 
whereof  there  are  two  Copies  in  1465  and  1466, 
the  first  on  vellum,  the  other  on  paper. 

May  I  make  a  small  enquiry,  after  the  mention 
of  so  great  a  name  as  Guttenberg  ?  I  remember, 
you  told  me,  my  Lord  Harley  had  two  Copies  of 
Edw.  the  Sixth's  first  Common  Prayer  Book.  Do 
you  remember  whether  either  of  them  be  printed 
by  Graf'ton,  the  King's  Printer  ?  I  have  seen  four 
or  five  Editions  by  Whitchurch,  but  never  could 
meet  with  any  by  Grafton,  except  one  in  my  cus- 
tody, which  I  shall  look  upon  to  be  a  great  liarity, 
if  it  be  likewise  wanting  to  my  Lord's  Collection. 
It  varies  from  all  the  other  Copies,  and  is  printed 
in  1548.  All  the  rest,  I  think,  in  1549.  One 
reason  of  my  enquiry  is,  because  I  want  the  Title, 
for  the  date  is  at  the  end  of  the  Book,  and  indeed 
twice ;  both  on  the  end  of  the  Communion  Office, 
and  of  the  Litany.  But  I  beg  your  pardon  for  so 
small  an  enquiry,  whilst  you  are  in  quest  of  Gut- 
tenberg and  Nic.  Jenson.  My  business  consists 
much  in  trifles.  I  am, 
Sir, 

Your  most  ob.  humble 
Servant, 

THO.  BAKER. 

To  the  worthy  Mr.  Wanley,  at 
the  Riding  Hood  Shop,  the 
corner  of  Chandois  and  Bed- 
ford Streets, 

Covent  Garden, 

London. 

A  note  in  Wanley's  hand  says,  "Mrs.  Elstob 
has  only  paid  a  few  small  scores." 

III. 

Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Win.  Bickford,  Esq.,  to 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Amory  of  Taunton,  dated  Dunsland, 
March  7,  1731. 

[MS.  Addit.,  Brit.  Mus.,  4309,  fol.  358.] 

I  cannot  forbear  acquainting  you  of  a  very 
curious  passage  in  relation  to  Charles  the  Second's 
Restoration.  Sir  Win.  Morrice,  who  was  one  of 
the  Secretaries  of  State  soon  after,  was  the  person' 
who  chiefly  transacted  that  affair  with  Monk,  so 
that  all  the  papers  in  order  to  it  were  sent  him, 
both  from  King  Charles  and  Lord  Clarendon. 
Just  after  the  thing  was  finished,  Lord  Clarendon 
got  more  than  200  of  these  Letters  and  other 
papers  from  Morrice  under  pretence  of  finishing 
his  History,  and  which  were  never  returned.  Lord 
Somers,  when  he  was  chancellor,  told  Morrice's 
Grandson  that  if  he  would  file  a  Bill  in  Chancery, 
he  would  endeavour  to  get  them ;  but  young 
Morrice  having  deserted  the  Whig  Interest,  was 


s 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  219. 


prevailed  upon  to  let  it  drop.  This  I  know  to  be 
fact,  for  I  had  it  not  only  from  the  last-mentioned 
Gentleman,  but  others  of  that  family,  especially 
a  son  of  the  Secretaries.  As  soon  as  I  knew  this, 
J  took  the  first  opportunity  of  searching  the  study, 
and  found  some  very  curious  Letters,  which  one 
time  or  other  I  design  to  publish  together  with 
the  account  of  that  affair.  My  mother  being  Niece 
to  the  Secretary,  hath  often  heard  him  say  that 
Charles  the  Second  was  not  only  very  base  in  not 
keeping  the  least  of  the  many  things  that  he  had 
promised ;  but  by  debauching  the  Nation,  had 
rendered  it  fitt  for  that  terrible  fellow  (meaning 
the  Duke  of  York)  to  ruin  us  all,  and  then  Monk 
and  him  would  be  remembred  to  their  Infamy. 

(To  be  continued.) 


BURIAL-PLACE    OF   ARCHBISHOP   LEIGHTON. 

On  a  visit  this  autumn  with  some  friends  to 
the  picturesque  village  and  church  of  Horsted- 
J£eynes,  Sussex,  our  attention  was  forcibly  ar- 
rested by  the  appearance  of  two  large  pavement 
slabs,  inserted  in  an  erect  position  on  the  external 
face  of  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel.  They 
proved  to  be  those  which  once  had  covered  and 

Erotected  the  grave  of  the  good  Archbishop 
eighton,  who  passed  the  latter  years  of  his  life 
in  that  parish,  and  that  of  Sir  Ellis  Leighton,  his 
brother.  On  inquiry,  it  appeared  that  their  re- 
mains had  been  deposited  within  a  small  chapel 
on  the  south  side  of  the  chancel,  the  burial-place 
of  the  Lightmaker  family,  of  Broadhurst,  in  the 
parish  of  Horsted.  The  archbishop  retired 
thither  in  1674,  and  resided  with  his  only  sister, 
Saphira,  widow  of  Mr.  Edward  Lightmaker. 
JBroadhurst,  it  may  be  observed,  is  sometimes  in- 
correctly mentioned  by  the  biographers  of  Arch- 
bishop Leighton  as  a  parish ;  it  is  an  ancient 
mansion,  the  residence  formerly  of  the  Light- 
makers,  and  situated  about  a  mile  north  of  the 
village  of  Horsted.  There  it  was  that  Leighton 
made  his  will,  in  February,  1683 ;  but  his  death 
occurred,  it  will  be  remembered,  in  singular  ac- 
cordance with  his  desire  often  expressed,  at  an 
inn,  the  Bell,  in  Warwick  Lane,  London. 

The  small  chapel  adjacent  to  the  chancel,  and 
opening  into  it  by  an  arch  now  walled  up,  had  for 
some  time,  as  I  believe,  been  used  as  a  school- 
room ;  more  recently,  however,  either  through 
its  becoming  oufc  of  repair,  or  from  some  other 
cause,  the  little  structure  was  demolished.  The 
large  slabs  which  covered  the  tombs  of  the  good 
prelate  and  his  brother  were  taken  up  and  fixed 
against  the  adjoining  wall.  The  turf  now  covers 
the  space  thus  thrown  into  the  open  churchyard  ; 
nothing  remains  to  mark  the  position  of  the  graves, 
ivhich  in  all  probability,  ere  many  years  elapse, 


will  be  disturbed  through  ignorance  or  heedless- 
ness,  and  the  ashes  of  Leighton  scattered  to  th& 
winds. 

In  times  when  special  respect  has  been  shown, 
to  the  tombs  of  worthies  of  bygone  times,  with  the 
recent  recollection  also  of  what  has  been  so  well 
carried  out  by  MR.  MARKLAND  in  regard  to  the 
grave  of  Bishop  Ken,  shall  we  not  make  an  effort 
to  preserve  from  desecration  and  oblivion  the 
resting-place  of  one  so  eminent  as  Leighton  for 
his  learning  and  piety,  so  worthy  to  be  held  in 
honoured  remembrance  for  his  high  principles  and 
his  consistent  conduct  in  an  evil  age  ? 

ALBERT 


Grammars,  SfC.  for  Public  Schools.  —  Would  it 
not  be  desirable  for  some  correspondents  of  "  N". 
&  Q."  to  furnish  information  respecting  grammars, 
classics,  and  other  works  which  have  been  written) 
for  the  various  public  schools  ?  Such  information 
might  be  useful  to  book  collectors;  and  would 
also  serve  to  reflect  credit  on  the  schools  whose- 
learned  masters  have  prepared  such  books.  My 
contribution  to  the  list  is  small :  but  I  remember 
a  valuable  Greek  grammar  prepared  by  the  Rev. 
—  Hook,  formerly  head  master  of  the  College 
School  at  Gloucester,  for  the  use  of  that  establish- 
ment;  as  also  a  peculiar  English  grammar  pre- 
pared by  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Skillern,  master  of  St. 
Mary  de  Crypt  School,  in  the  same  place,  for  the 
use  of  that  school.  I  also  possess  a  copy  (1640) 
of  the  Romance  Histories  Anthologia,  for  the  use  of 
Abingdon  School,  and  Moses  and  Aaron,  or  the 
Rites  and  Customs  of  the  Hebrews  (1641),  both 
by  Thos.  Godwin,  though  the  latter  was  written 
after  he  ceased  to  be  master  of  the  schools. 

P.  H.  FlSHEB. 
Stroud. 

"  To  captivate"  — Moore,  in  his  Journal,  speak- 
ing of  the  Americans  (January  9th,  1819),  says  i 

"  They  sometimes,  I  see,  use  the  word  captivate  thus : 
'  Five  or  six  ships  captivated,'  «  Five  or  six  ships  cap- 
tivated.'" 

Originally,  the  words  to  captivate  were  synony- 
mous with  to  capture,  and  the  expression  was  used 
with  reference  to  warlike  operations.  To  capti- 
vate the  affections  was  a  secondary  use  of  the 
phrase.  The  word  is  used  in  the  original  sense  in 
many  old  English  books.  It  is  not  used  so  now 
in  the  United  States.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Bolms  Edition  of  Matthew  of  Westminster.  — 
Under  the  year  A.D.  782,  the  translator  informs  usr 
that  "  Hirenes  and  his  son  Constantine  became 
emperors."  Such  an  emperor  is  not  to  be  found 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


in  the  annals  of  Constantinople.  If  Mr.  Yonge, 
who  shows  elsewhere  that  he  has  read  Gibbon,  had 
referred  to  him  on  this  occasion,  he  would  pro- 
bably have  found  that  the  Empress  Irene,  a  name 
dear  to  the  reverencers  of  images,  was  the  person 
meant.  The  original  Latin  probably  gives  no  clue 
to  the  sex ;  but  still  this  empress,  who  is  considered 
as  a  saint  by  her  church,  notwithstanding  the 
deposition  and  blinding  of  her  own  son.  was  not  a 
personage  to  be  so  easily  forgotten. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

French  Season  Rhymes  arid  Weather  Rhymes.  — 

*'  A  la  Saint- Antoine  (17th  January) 

L,es  jours  croissent  le  repas  d'un  mohie." 
"  A  la  Saint-Barnabe  (llth  June) 

La  faux  au  pre." 
•     "  A  la  Sainte- Catherine  (25th  November) 

Tout  bois  prend  racine." 
"  Passe  la  Saint- Clement  (23rd  November) 

Ne  seme  plus  froment." 
*'  Si  1'hiver  va  droit  son  chemin, 

Vous  1'aurez  a  la  Saint-Martin."  (12th  Nov.) 
*'  S'il  n'arreste  tant  ne  quant, 

Vous  1'aurez  a  la  Saint- Clement."  (23rd  Nov.) 
*'  Et  s'il  trouve  quelqu'  encombre*e, 

Vous  1'aurez  a  la  Saint- Andre."  (30th  Nov.) 

CEYREP. 

Curious  Epitaph  in  Tillingham  Church,  Essex. — 

*'  Hie  jacet  Humfridus  Carbo,  carbone  notandus 
Non  nigro,  Creta  sed  meliora  tua. 
Ciaruit  in  clero,  nulli  pietate  secundus. 
Caelum  vi  rapuit,  vi  cape  si  poteris. 
Ob'.  27  Mar.  1624.     JEt.  77." 

Which  has  been  thus  ingeniously  paraphrased  by 
a  friend  of  mine  : 

•"  Here  lies  the  body  of  good  Humphry  Cole, 
Tho'  Black  his  name,  yet  spotless  is  his  soul ; 
But  yet  not  black  tho'  Carbo  is  the  name, 
Thy  chalk  is  scarcely  whiter  than  his  fame. 
A  priest  of  priests,  inferior  was  to  none, 
Took  Heaven  by  storm  when  here  his  race  was  run. 
Thus  ends  the  record  of  this  pious  man  ; 
Go  and  do  likewise,  reader,  if  you  can." 

C.  K.  P. 
Newport,  Essex. 


DOMESTIC    LETTERS    OF    EDMUND    BURKE. 

In  the  curious  and  able  article  entitled  "  The 
Domestic  Life  of  Edmund  Burke,"  which  appeared 
in  the  Atheneeum  of  Dec.  10th  and  Dec.  17th  (and 
to  which  I  would  direct  the  attention  of  such 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  as  have  not  yet  seen  it), 
the  writer  observes : 

"  There  is  not  in  existence,  as  far  as  we  know,  or 
have  a  right  to  infer  from  the  silence  of  the  biographers, 


one  single  letter,  paper,  or  document  of  any  kind  — 
except  a  mysterious  fragment  of  one  letter  —  relating 
to  the  domestic  life  of  the  Burkes,  until  long  after 
Edmund  Burke  became  an  illustrious  and  public  man  ; 
no  letters  from  parents  to  children,  from  children  t» 
parents,  from  brother  to  brother,  or  brother  to  sister.'* 

And  as  Edmund  Burke  was  the  last  survivor  of 
the  family,  the  inference  drawn  by  the  writer,  that 
they  were  destroyed  by  him,  seems,  on  the  grounds 
which  he  advances,  a  most  reasonable  one.  But 
my  object  in  writing  is  to  call  attention  to  a 
source  from  which,  if  any  such  letters  exist,  they 
may  yet  possibly  be  recovered ;  I  mean  the  col- 
lections of  professed  collectors  of  autographs.  On 
the  one  hand,  it  is  scarcely  to  be  conceived  that 
the  destroyer  of  these  materials  for  the  history  of 
the  Burkes,  be  he  who  he  may,  can  have  got  all 
the  family  correspondence  into  his  possession.  On 
the  other,  it  is  far  from  improbable  that  in  some 
of  the  collections  to  which  I  have  alluded,  some 
letters,  notes,  or  documents  may  exist,  treasured 
by  the  possessors  as  mere  autographs  ;  but  which 
might,  if  given  to  the  world,  serve  to  solve  many 
of  those  mysteries  which  envelope  the  early  history 
of  Edmund  Burke.  The  discovery  of  documents 
of  such  a  character  seems  to  be  the  special  province 
of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  I  hope,  therefore,  although 
this  letter  has  extended  far  beyond  the  limits  I 
originally  contemplated,  you  will  insert  it,  and  so 
permit  me  to  put  this  Query  to  autograph  col- 
lectors, "  Have  you  any  documents  illustrative  of 
the  Burkes  ?  "  and  to  add  as  a  Note.  "  If  so,  print 
them ! "  N.  O. 


Farranfs  Anthem. — From  what  source  did 
Farrant  take  the  words  of  his  well-known  anthem, 
"  Lord,  for  thy  tender  mercies'  sake?"  C.  F.  S, 

Ascension  Day  Custom. — What  is  the  origin  of 
the  custom  which  still  obtains  in  St.  Magnus  and 
other  city  churches,  of  presenting  the  clergy  with 
ribbons,  cakes,  and  silk  staylaces  on  Ascension 
Day?  C.F.  S. 

Sawlridge  and  Knight's  Numismatic  Collections. 
—  In  Snelling's  tract  on  Pattern  Pieces  for  English 
Gold  and  Silver  Coins  (1769),  p.  45.,  it  is  stated, 
in  the  description  of  a  gold  coin  of  Elizabeth,  thafc 
it  is  "  unique,  formerly  in  the  collection  of  Thomas 
Sawbridge,  Esq.,  but  at  present  in  the  collection 
of  Thomas  Knight,  Esq.,  who  purchased  the  whole 
cabinet."  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me 
who  this  Mr.  Knight  was,  and  whether  his  collec- 
tion is  still  in  existence ;  or  if  it  was  dispersed, 
when,  and  in  what  manner  ?  I  am  not  aware  of 
any  sale  catalogue  under  his  name.  J.  B.  B* 

"  The  spire  whose  silent  finger  points  to  heaven'* 
— I  have  met  with,  and  sometimes  quoted,  this  line. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


Who  is  its  author,  and  in  what  poem  does  it 
occur  ?  J.  W.  T. 

Dewsbury. 

Lord  Fairfax.  —  In  the  Peerage  of  Scotland  I 
find  this  entry  : 

"  Fairfax,  Baron,  Charles  Snovvdon  Fairfax,  1627, 
Baron  Fairfax,  of  Cameron  ;  sue.  his  grandfather, 
Thomas,  ninth  baron,  1846.  His  lordship  resides  at 
Woodburne,  in  Maryland,  United  States." 

Fairfax  is  not  a  Scotch  name.  And  I  can  find 
no  trace  of  any  person  of  that  family  taking  a  part 
in  Scotch  affairs.  Cameron  is,  I  suppose,  the 
parish  of  that  name  in  the  east  of  Fife. 

I  wish  to  ask,  1st.  For  what  services,  or  under 
what  circumstances,  the  barony  was  created  ? 

2ndly.  When  did  the  family  cease  to  possess 
land  or  other  property  in  Scotland,  if  they  ever 
held  any  ? 

3rdly.  Is  the  present  peer  a  citizen  or  subject 
of  the  United  States  ?  if  so,  is  he  known  and  ad- 
dressed as  Lord  Fairfax,  or  how  ? 

4thly.  Has  he,  or  hns  any  of  his  ancestors,  since 
the  recognition  of  the  United  States  as  a  nation, 
ever  used  or  applied  for  permission  to  exercise  the 
functions  of  a  peer  of  Scotland,  e.  g.  in  the  elec- 
tion of  representative  peers? 

5thly.  If  he  be  a  subject  of  the  United  States, 
and  have  taken,  expressly  or  by  implication,  the 
oath  of  citizenship  (which  pointedly  renounces 
allegiance  to  our  sovereign),  how  is  it  that  his 
name  is  retained  on  the  roll  of  a  body  whose  first 
duty  it  is  to  guard  the  throne,  and  whose  exist- 
ence is  a  denial  of  the  first  proposition  in  the 
constitution  of  his  country? 

Perhaps  UNEDA,  W.  W.,  or  some  other  of  your 
Philadelphia  correspondents,  will  be  good  enough 
to  notice  the  third  of  these  Queries.  W.  H.  M. 

Tailless  Cats.  —  A  writer  in  the  New  York 
Literary  World  of  Feb.  7,  1852,  makes  mention 
of  a  breed  of  cats  destitute  of  tails,  which  are 
found  in  the  Isle  of  Man.  Perhaps  some  generous 
Manx  correspondent  will  say  whether  this  is  a 
fact  or  a  Jonathan.  SHIRLEY  HIBBERD. 

Saltcellar.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  gainsay 
that  in  saltcellar  the  cellar  is  a  mere  corruption 
of  saliere  f  A  list  of  compound  words  of  Saxon 
and  French  origin  might  be  curious.  H.  F.  B. 

»  Arms  and  Motto  granted  to  Col.  William  Carlos. 
—  Can  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q."  give  the  date  of 
the  grant  of  arms  to  Col.  William  Carlos  (who 
assisted  Charles  II.  to  conceal  himself  in  the 
"  Royal  Oak,"  after  the  battle  of  Worcester),  and 
specify  the  exact  terms  of  the  grant  ?  /*. 

Naval  Atrocities.  —  In  the  article  on  "  Wounds," 
in  the  Encyc.  Brit.,  4th  edition,  published  1810, 
the  author,  after  mentioning  the  necessity  of  a 


surgeon's  being  cautious  in  pronouncing  on  the 
character  of  any  wound,  adds  that  "  this  is  parti- 
cularly necessary  on  board  ship,  where,  as  soon  as 
any  man  is  pronounced  by  the  surgeon  to  be  mor- 
tally wounded,  he  is  forthwith,  while  still  living 
and  conscious,  thrown  overboard,"  or  words  to 
this  effect,  as  I  quote  from  memory.  That  such 
horrid  barbarity  was  not  practised  in  1810,  it  is 
needless  to  say;  and  if  it  had  been  usual  at  any 
previous  period,  Smollett  and  other  writers  who 
have  exposed  with  unsparing  hand  all  the  defects 
in  the  naval  system  of  their  day,  would  have 
scarcely  left  this  unnoticed  when  they  attack 
much  slighter  abuses.  If  such  a  thing  ever  oc- 
curred, even  in  the  worst  of  times,  it  must  have 
been  an  isolated  case.  I  have  not  met  elsewhere 
with  any  allusion  to  this  passage,  or  the  atrocity 
recorded  in  it,  and  would  be  glad  of  more  inform- 
ation on  the  subject.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Turlehydes.  —  During  the  great  famine  in  Ire- 
land in  1331,  it  is  said  that  — 

"  The  people  in  their  distress  met  with  an  unex- 
pected and  providential  relief.  For  about  the  24th 
June,  a  prodigious  number  of  large  sea  fish,  called 
turlehydes,  were  brought  into  the  bay  of  Dublin,  and 
cast  on  shore  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Dodder. 
They  were  froqti  thirty  to  forty  feet  long,  and  so 
bulky  that  two  tall  men  placed  one  on  each  side  of  the 
fish  could  not  see  one  another." —  The  History  and 
Antiquities  of  the  City  of  Dublin  from  the  Earliest 
Accounts,  by  Walter  Harris,  1766,  p.  265. 

This  account  is  compiled  from  several  records  of 
the  time,  some  of  which  still  exist.  As  the  term 
turlehydes  is  not  known  to  Irish  scholars,  can  any 
of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  say  what  precise 
animal  is  meant  by  it,  or  give  any  derivation  or 
reference  for  the  term  ?  U.  U. 

Dublin. 

Foreign  Orders  —  Queen  of  Bohemia.  —  It  is 
well  known  that  in  some  foreign  Orders  the 
decorations  thereof  are  conferred  upon  ladies. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me 
whether  the  Order  of  the  Annunciation  of  Sar- 
dinia, formerly  the  Order  of  the  Ducal  House  of 
Savoy,  at  any  time  conferred  its  decorations  upon 
ladies  ;  and  whether  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  after- 
wards Queen  of  Bohemia,  ever  had  the  decoration 
of  any  foreign  order  conferred  upon  her  ?  In  a 
portrait  of  her  she  is  represented  with  a  star  or 
badge  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  left  arm. 

S.  E.  Gr. 

Pickard  Family.  —  Is  the  Pickard,  or  Picard, 
family,  a  branch  of  which  is  located  in  Yorkshire, 
of  Norman  origin  ?  If  so,  who  were  thQjirst  settlers 
in  England ;  and  also  in  what  county  are  they  most 
numerous  ?  ONE  OF  THE  FAMILY. 

Bradford. 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


11 


Irish  Chieftains.— Some  account  of  the  following, 
Historical  Reminiscences  of  O' Byrnes,  O'Tooles, 
O'Kavanaghs,  and  other  Irish  Chieftains,  privately 
printed,  1843,  is  requested  by  JOHN  MARTIN. 

Woburn  Abbey. 

General  Braddock. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
furnish  me  with  information  relative  to  this 
officer?  His  disastrous  expedition  against  Fort 
Du  Quesne,  and  its  details,  are  well  known  ;  but 
I  should  like  to  know  something  more  of  his  pre- 
vious history.  Walpole  gives  an  anecdote  or  two 
of  him,  and  mentions  that  he  had  been  Governor 
of  Gibraltar.  I  think  too  he  was  of  Irish  extrac- 
tion. Is  there  no  portrait  or  engraving  of  Brad- 
dock  in  existence  ?  SERVIENS. 


Lawless  Court,  Rochford,  Essex.  —  A  most 
extraordinary  custom  exists,  in  a  manor  at  Roch- 
ford, in  the  tenants  holding  under  what  is  called 
the  "  Lawless  Court."  This  court  is  held  at  mid- 
night, by  torch-light,  in  the  centre  of  a  field,  on 
the  first  Friday  after  the  29th  Sept.,  and  is  pre- 
sided over  by  the  steward  of  the  manor,  who, 
however,  appoints  a  deputy  to  fulfil  this  part  of 
his  duty.  The  tenants  of  the  manor  are  obliged 
to  attend  to  answer  to  their  names,  when  called 
upon,  under  pain  of  a  heavy  fine,  or  at  all  events 
have  some  one  there  to  respond  for  them.  All 
the  proceedings  are  carried  on  in  a  whisper,  no 
one  speaking  above  that  tone  of  voice  ;  and  the 
informations  as  to  deaths,  names,  &c.  are  entered 
in  a  book  by  the  president  with  a  piece  of  charcoal. 
I  may  add,  the  business  is  not  commenced  until 
a  cock  has  crowed  three  times,  and  as  it  is  some- 
times a  difficult  matter  to  get  Chanticleer  to  do 
his  duly,  a  man  is  employed  to  crow,  whose  fee 
therefor  is  5s. 

Now  Morant,  in  his  History  of  Essex,  merely 
cursorily  mentions  this  most  singular  custom,  and 
has  nothing  as  to  its  antiquity  or  origin  ;  I  should 
therefore  feel  much  obliged  for  any  information 
concerning  it.  RUSSELL  GOLE. 

[The  singular  custom  at  Rochford  is  of  uncertain 
origin  :  in  old  authors  it  is  spoken  of  as  belonging  to 
the  manor  of  Rayleigh.  The  following  account  of 
"  The  Lawless  Court,"  at  that  place,  is  printed  by 
Hearne'from  the  Dodsworth  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian, 
vol.  cxxv. :  — "  The  manor  of  Raylie,  in  Essex,  hath  a 
custome  court  kept  yearly,  the  Wednesday  nexte  after 
Michael's  day.  The  court  is  kept  in  the  night,  and 
without  light,  but  as  the  skye  gives,  att  a  little  hill 
without  the  tovvne,  called  the  King's  Hill,  where  the 
steward  writes  only  with  coals,  and  not  witli  inke. 
And  many  men  and  mannors  of  greate  worth  hold  of 
the  same,  and  do  suite  unto  this  strange  court,  where 
the  steward  calls  them  with  as  low  a  voice  as  possibly 
he  may  ;  giving  no  notice  when  he  goes  to  the  hill  to 


keepe  the   same  court,   and    he    that   attends   not    is 
deepely  amerced,  if  the  steward  will.     The  title  and 
entry  of  the  same  court  is  as  followeth,  viz. : 
'  Curia  de  domino  rege, 
Dicta  sine  leye, 
Tenta  est  ibidem, 
Per  ejusclem  consuetudinem, 

Ante  ortum  solis, 
Luceat  nisi  polus, 
Seneschallus  solus, 
Scribit  nisi  colis. 
Clamat  clam  pro  rege 
In  curia  sine  lege  : 
Et  qui  non  cito  venerit 
Citius  poenitebit : 
Si  venerit  cum  lumine 
Errat  in  regimine. 
Et  dum  sine  lumine 
Capti  sunt  in  crimine, 
Curia  sine  cura 
Jurata  de  injuria 

Tenta  est  die  Mercuriae 

prox.  post  festum  S.  Michaelis.'  ** 
Weever,  who  mentions  this  custom,  says,  that  he 
was  informed  that  "  this  servile  attendance  was  im- 
posed, at  the  first,  upon  certaine  tenants  of  divers 
mannors  hereabouts,  for  conspiring  in  this  place,  at 
such  an  unseasonable  time,  to  raise  a  commotion. **] 

Motto  on  old  Damask.  —  Can  your  correspon- 
dents furnish  an  explanation  of  the  motto  herewith 
sent  ?  It  is  taken  from  some  damask  table  napkins 
which  were  bought  many  years  back  at  Brussels  ; 
not  at  a  shop  in  the  ordinary  way,  but  privately, 
from  the  family  to  whom  they  belonged.  I  presume 
the  larger  characters,  if  put  together,  will  indicate 
the  date  of  the  event,  whatever  that  may  be,  which 
is  referred  to  in  the  motto  itself. 

The  motto  is  woven  in  the  pattern  of  the 
damask,  and  consists  of  the  following  words  in 
uncials,  the  letters  of  unequal  size,  as  subjoined  : 

"slGNUM  PACIs  DATUR  LoRlC^E." 
the  larger  letters  being  IUMCIDULTC.     If  the  C7"'s 
are  taken  as  two   F's,   and  written    thus   X,  it 
gives  the  date  MDCCLXIII.     Perhaps  this  can  be 
explained.  EL 

[The  chronogram  above,  which  means  "  The  signal 
of  peace  is  given  to  the  warrior,"  relates  to  the  peace 
proclaimed  between  England  and  France  in  the  year 
1763.  This  event  is  noticed  in  the  Annual  Register, 
and  in  most  of  our  popular  histories.  Keightley  says, 
"  The  overtures  of  France  for  peace  were  readily 
listened  to;  and  both  parties  being  in  earnest,  the 
preliminaries  were  readily  settled  at  Fontainebleau 
(Nov.  3rd).  In  spite  of  the  declamation  of  Mr.  Pitt 
and  his  party,  they  were  approved  of  by  large  majori- 
ties in  both  Houses  of  Parliament,  and  a  treaty  was 
finally  signed  in  Paris,  Feb.  18,  1763."  The  napkins 
were  probably  a  gift,  on  the  occasion,  to  some  public 
functionary.  For  the  custom  of  noting  the  date  of  a 
great  event  by  chronograms,  see  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v.r 
p.  585.] 


12 


1TOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[>T0.  219. 


Explanation  of  the  Word  " Miser"  —  Can  any 
of  your  readers  explain  how  and  when  miser  came 
to  get  the  meaning  of  an  avaricious  hoarding  man  ? 
In  Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  u.  1.  8.,  it  is  used  in 
its  nearly  primary  sense  of  "  wretch  :" 

"  Vouchsafe  to  stay  your  steed  for  humble  miser's  sake." 
Again,  Faerie  Queene,  n.  3.  8. : 

"  The  miser  threw  himself,  as  an  ofifall, 
Straight  at  his  foot  in  base  humility." 

In  Milton's  Comus,  which  was  written  about 
fifty  years  after  the  first  three  books  of  the  Faerie 
Queene,  the  present  signification  of  the  word  is 
complete : 

•"  You  may  as  well  spread  out  the  unsunn'd  heaps 
Of  miser's  treasure  by  an  outlaw's  den, 
sAnd  tell  me  it  is  safe,  as  bid  one  hope 
Danger  will  sink  on  opportunity,"  &c. 

J.  D.  GARDNER. 
Bottisham. 

[The  modern  restricted  use  of  the  word  miser  is 
subsequent  to  Shakspeare's  time ;  for  in  Part  I.  King 
Henry  F/.,  Act  V.  Sc.  4., 

"  Decrepit  miser  !  base  ignoble  wretch  !" 

Steevens  says  has  no  relation  to  avarice,  but  simply  means 
a  miserable  creature.  So  in  the  interlude  of  Jacob  and 
Esau,  1568: 

"  But  as  for  these  misers  within  my  father's  tent." 
Again,  in  Lord  Stirling's  tragedy  of  Croesus,  1604  : 

"  Or  think'st  thou  me  of  judgement  too  remiss, 
A  miser  that  in  miserie  remains." 

Otway,  however,  in  his  Orphan,  published  in  1680, 
uses  it  for  a  covetous  person  : 

"  Though  she  be  dearer  to  my  soul  than  rest 
To  weary  pilgrims,  or  to  misers  gold, 
Rather  than  wrong  Castalio,  I'd  forget  thee." 
So  also  does  Pope  : 

"  No  silver  saints  by  dying  misers  given, 
Here  brib'd  the  rage  of  ill-requited  heaven."] 

"  Ads  and  Galatea."  —  Is  there  any  good  evi- 
dence in  support  of  the  commonly  received  opinion 
that  the  words  to  Handel's  Acis  and  Galatea  were 
written  by  Gay  ?  Hawkins  merely  states  that 
they  "  are  said  to  have  been  written  by  Mr.  Gay." 
I  have  no  copy  of  Burney  at  hand  to  refer  to ; 
but  I  find  the  same  statement  repeated  by  various 
other  musical  historians,  without,  however,  any 
authority  being  given  for  it.  The  words  in  ques- 
tion are  not  to  be  found  among"  the  Poems  on 
several  Occasions^y  Mr.  John  Gay,  published  in 
1767  by  Tonson  and  others.  Have  they  ever 
been  included  in  any  collective  edition  of  his 
works  ?  G.  T. 

Reading. 

[In  the  musical  catalogue  of  the  British  Museum, 
compiled  by  Thomas  Oliphant,  Esq.,  it  is  stated  that 


the  words  to  Acis  and  Galatea  "are  said  to  be  written, 
but  apparently  partly  compiled,  by  John  Gay."  This 
sercnata  is  included  among  Gay's  Poems  in  Dr.  John- 
son's edition  of  the  English  Poets,  1790,  as  well  as  in 
Chalmers's  edition  of  1810,  and  in  the  complete  edi- 
tion of  British  Poets,  Edinburgh,  1794.] 

Birm-banL  —  TkQ  bank  of  a  canal  opposite  to 
the  towing-path  is  called  the  birm-banh.  What 
is  the  derivation  of  this  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[The  word  lirm  seems  to  have  the  same  meaning  as 
berme  (Fr.  berme),  which,  in  Fortification,  denotes  a 
piece  of  ground  of  three,  four,  or  five  feet  in  width, 
left  between  the  rampart  and  the  moat  or  foss,  designed 
to  receive  the  ruins  of  the  rampart,  and  prevent  the 
earth  from  filling  the  foss.  Sometimes  it  is  palisaded, 
and  in  Holland  is  generally  planted  with  quickset 
hedge.] 

General  Thomas  Gage.  —  This  officer  com- 
manded at  Boston  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolution,  and  served  under  General  Braddock. 
Where  can  I  find  any  details  of  the  remainder  of 
his  history  ?  SERVIENS. 

[An  interesting  biographical  account  of  General 
Gage  is  given  in  the  Georgian  JEra,  vol.  ii.  p.  67.] 


RAPPING   NO   NOVELTY. 

(VoLviii.,  pp.  512.  632.) 

The  story  referred  to  is  certainly  a  very  curious 
one,  and  I  should  like  to  know  whether  it  is  ex- 
actly as  it  was  told  by  Baxter,  especially  as  there 
seems  to  be  reason  for  believing  that  De  Foe 
(whom  on  other  grounds  one  would  not  trust  in 
such  a  matter)  did  not  take  it  from  the  work 
which  he  quotes.  Perhaps  if  you  can  find  room 
for  the  statement,  some  correspondent  would  be 
so  good  as  to  state  whether  it  has  the  sanction  of 
Baxter : 

"  Mr.  Baxter,  in  his  Historical  Discourse  of  Appa- 
ritions, writes  thus  :  '  There  is  now  in  London  an  un- 
derstanding, sober,  pious  man,  oft  one  of  my  hearers, 
who  has  an  elder  brother,  a  gentleman  of  considerable 
rank,  who  having  formerly  seemed  pious,  of  late  years 
does  often  fall  into  the  sin  of  drunkenness ;  he  often 
lodges  long  together  here  in  his  brother's  house,  and 
whensoever  he  is  drunk  and  has  slept  himself  sober, 
something  knocks  at  his  bed's  head,  as  if  one  knocked 
on  a  wainscot.  When  they  remove  his  bed  it  follows 
him.  Besides  other  loud  noises  on  other  parts  where 
he  is,  that  all  the  house  hears,  they  have  often  watched 
him,  and  kept  his  hands  lest  he  should  do  it  himself. 
His  brother  has  often  told  it  me,  and  brought  his  wife, 
a  discreet  woman,  to  attest  it,  who  avers  moreover,  that 
as  she  watched  him,  she  has  seen  his  shoes  under  the 
bed  taken  up,  and  nothing  visible  to  touch  them.  They 
brought  the  man  himself  to  me,  and  when  we  asked 


7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


liim  how  he  dare  sin  again  after  such  a  warning,  he 
had  no  excuse.  But  being  persons  of  quality,  for  some 
special  reason  of  worldly  interest  I  must  not  name 
him.'  "  —  De  Foe's  Life  of  Duncan  Campbell,  2nd  ed. 
p.  107. 

After  this  story,  De  Foe  says  : 

"  Another  relation  of  this  kind  was  sent  to  Dr. 
Beaumont  (whom  I  myself  personally  knew,  and 
which  he  has  inserted  in  his  account  of  genii,  or  fa- 
miliar spirits)  in  a  letter  by  an  ingenious  and  learned 
clergyman  of  Wiltshire,"  &c. 

But  he  does  not  say  that  the  story  which  he  has 
already  quoted  as  from  Baxter  stands  just  as  he 
has  given  it,  and  with  a  reference  to  Baxter,  in 
Beaumont's  Historical,  Physiological,  and  Theo- 
logical Treatise  of  Spirits,  p.  182.  Of  course  one 
does  not  attach  any  weight  to  De  Foe's  saying 
that  he  knew  Dr.  Beaumont  "  personally,"  but 
does  anybody  know  anything  of  him  ?  Nearly 
four  years  ago  you  inserted  a  somewhat  similar 
inquiry  about  this  Duncan  Campbell,  but  I  be- 
lieve it  has  not  yet  been  answered. 

S.  R.  MAITLAND. 


OCCASIONAL   rORMS    OP   PRAYER. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  535.) 

From  a  volume  of  Forms  of  Prayer  in  the 
library  of  Sir  Robert  Taylor's  Institution,  I  send 
you  the  follow 3 nor  list,  as  supplementary  to  MR. 
LATHBURY'S.  This  volume  forms  part  of  a  col- 
lection of  books  bequeathed  to  the  University  by 
the  late  Robert  Finch,  M.  A.,  formerly  of  Baliol 
College  : 

A   Form  of  Prayer  for  a   General   Fast,  &c.      4to. 
London.      1762. 

In  both  the  Morning  and  Evening  Services  of 
this  Form  "A  Prayer  for  the  Reformed  Churches  " 
is  included,  which  is  omitted  in  all  the  subsequent 
Forms.  This  is  a  copy  of  it : 

"A  Prayer  for  the  Reformed  Churches. 

"  O  God,  the  Father  of  Mercies,  we  present  our 
Supplications  unto  Thee,  more  especially  on  behalf  of 
our  Reformed  Brethren,  whom,  blessed  be  Thy  Name, 
Thou  hast  hitherto  wonderfully  supported.  Make 
them  perfect,  strengthen,  'stahlish  them  :  that  they  may 
stand  fast  in  the  Liberty  wherewith  Christ  hath  made 
them  free,  and  adorn  the  Doctrine  of  God  our  Saviour 
in  all  things.  Preserve  the  Tranquillity  of  those  who 
at  present  enjoy  it  :  look  down  with  compassion  upon 
such  as  are  persecuted  for  Righteousness'  sake,  and 
plead  Thy  cause  with  the  oppressors  of  Thy  people. 
Enlighten  those  who  are  in  Darkness  and  Error  ;  and 
give  them  Repentance  to  the  Acknowledgment  of  the 
Truth  :  that  all  the  Ends  of  the  World  may  remember 
themselves,  and  be  turned  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  we  all 
may  become  one  Flock,  under  the  great  Shepherd  and 
Bishop  of  our  Souls,  Jesus  Christ,  our  only  Mediator 
and  Advocate.  Amen." 


Form,  &c.     Fast.     1776. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.      1778. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.     1 780. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.      1781. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.      1782. 

A  Prayer  to  be  used  on  Litany  Days  before  the 
Litany,  and  on  other  days  immediately  before  the 
Prayer  for  all  Conditions  of  Men,  in  all  Cathedra], 
Collegiate,  and  Parochial  Churches  and  Chapels, 
&c.,  during  his  Majesty's  present  Indisposition. 
1788. 

The  following  MS.  note  is  inserted  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Mr.  Finch,  father  of  the  gentleman  who 
bequeathed  the  collection : 

"Mrs.  Finch  accompanied  my  Father  (Rev.  Dr. 
Finch,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Cornhill)  to  the  Ca- 
thedral, where  he  had  a  seat  for  himself  and  his  lady 
assigned  him  under  the  Dome,  as  Treasurer  to  the 
Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  the 
original  patrons  of  the  Charity  Schools.  Mrs.  F.  was 
so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  a  seat  in  the  choir,  and  saw 
the  procession  from  the  choir  gate.  Myself  and 
Robert  saw  the  cavalcade  (which  was  extremely  grand, 
and  continued  for  the  space  of  more  than  three  hours, 
both  Houses  of  Parliament  with  their  attendants  pre- 
ceding their  Majesties)  from  Mrs.  Townsend's  house 
in  Fleet  Street." — April  23,  1789. 
Form  of  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  for  the  King's 

Recovery.     1789. 
Form,  &c.     Fast.      1793.  ; 

Form,  &c.  Fast.  1795. 
Form,  &c.  Fast.  1796. 
Form  of  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  for  many  signal  and 

important.  Victories.      1797. 
Form,  &c.      Fast.     1798. 
Form  of  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  for  the  Victory  of 

the  Nile,  &c.     1798. 
Form  of  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  for  the  Victory  over 

the  French  Fleet,  Aug.  1.     1798. 
Form  of  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  for  the  safe  Delivery 
of  H.  R.  H.  the  Princess  of  Wales,  and  the  birth  of 
a  Princess.     1796. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.     1799. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.      1800. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.      1801. 

Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  the  Harvest.      1801. 

Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  putting  an  End  to  the 
War.     1802. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.     1803. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.     1804. 

Form,  &c.      Fast.     1805. 

Form  of  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  for  Lord  Nelson's 
Victory.      1805. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1 806. 

Form,  Sec.     Fast.     1807. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1 808. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1809. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1810. 

Form,  &c.     Fast.     1812. 

Form,  £c.     Thanksgiving  for  the  Peace.      1814. 

Form,  &c.     Thanksgiving  for  the  Peace.      1816. 

JOHN  MACRAT. 
Oxford. 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


CELTIC    AND   LATIN   LANGUAGES. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  174.) 

There  was  a  Query  some  time  ago  upon  this 
subject,  but  though  it  is  one  full  of  interest  to  all 
scholars,  I  have  not  observed  any  Notes  worth 
mentioning  in  reply.  The  connexion  between 
these  two  languages  has  only  of  late  occupied  the 
attention  of  philologers ;  but  the  more  closely  they 
are  compared  together,  the  more  important  and 
the  more  striking  do  the  resemblances  appear  ; 
and  the  remark  of  Arnold  with  regard  to  Greek 
literature  applies  equally  to  Latin,  "  that  we  seem 
now  to  have  reached  that  point  in  our  knowledge 
of  the  language,  at  which  other  languages  of  the 
same  family  must  be  more  largely  studied,  before 
we  can  make  a  fresh  step  in  advance."  But  this 
study,  as  regards  the  comparison  of  Celtic  and 
Latin,  is,  in  England  at  least,  in  a  very  infant 
state.  Professor  Newman,  in  his  Regal  Rome, 
has  drawn  attention  to  the  subject;  but  his  in- 
duction does  not  appear  sufficiently  extensive  to 
warrant  any  decisive  conclusion  respecting  the 
position  the  Celtic  holds  as  an  element  of  the 
Latin.  Pritchard's  work  upon  the  subject  is  sa- 
tisfactory as  far  as  it  goes,  but  both  these  authors 
have  chiefly  confined  themselves  to  a  tabular  view 
of  Celtic  and  Latin  words  ;  but  it  is  not  merely 
this  we  want.  What  is  required  is  a  critical  ex- 
amination into  the  comparative  structure  and 
formal  development  of  the  two  languages,  and  this 
is  a  work  still  to  be  accomplished.  The  later 
numbers  of  Bopp's  Comparative  Grammar  are,  I 
believe,  devoted  to  this  subject,  but  as  they  have 
not  been  translated,  they  must  be  confined  to  a 
limited  circle  of  English  readers,  and  I  have  not 
yet  seen  any  reproduction  of  the  views  therein 
contained  in  the  philological  literature  of  England. 

As  the  first  step  to  considerations  of  this  kind 
must  be  made  from  a  large  induction  of  words,  I 
think,  with  your  correspondent,  that  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  might  be  made  useful  in  supplying 
"links  of  connexion"  to  supply  a  groundwork  for 
future  comparison,  I  shall  conclude  by  sug- 
gesting one  or  two  "links"  that  I  do  not  re- 
member to  have  seen  elsewhere. 

1.  Is  the  root  of  felix  to  be  found  in  the  Irish 
fail,  fate ;  the  contraction  of  the  dipththong  ai 

or  e  being    analogous   to  that  of  ama'imus   into 
amemus  ? 

2.  Is  it  not  probable  that  Avernus,  if  not  cor- 
rupted from  &opvos,  is  related  to  iffrin,  the  Irish 
infer*  ?     This  derivation  is  at  any  rate  more  pro- 
bable than  that  of  Grotefend,  who  connects  the 
word  with  'Ax^pav. 

3.  Were  the  Galli,  priests  of  Cybele,  so  called 
as  being  connected  with  fire-worship  ?  and  is  the 
name  at  all  connected  with  the  Celtic  gal,  a  flame  ? 
The  word  Gallus,  a  Gaul,  is  of  course  the  same 
as  the  Irish  gal,  a  stranger.  T.  H.  T. 


GEOMETRICAL    CURIOSITY. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  468.) 

MR.  INGLEBY'S  question  might  easily  be  the 
foundation  of  a  geometrical  paper ;  but  as  this 
would  not  be  a  desirable  contribution,  I  will  en- 
deavour to  keep  clear  of  technicalities,  in  pointing 
out  how  the  process  described  may  give  something 
near  to  a  circle,  or  may  not. 

When  a  paper  figure,  bent  over  a  straight  line 
in  it,  has  the  two  parts  perfectly  fitting  on  each 
other,  the  figure  is  symmetrical  about  that  straight 
line,  which  may  be  called  an  axis  of  symmetry. 
Thus  every  diameter  of  a  circle  is  an  axis  of 
symmetry  :  every  regular  oval  has  two  axes  of 
symmetry  at  right  angles  to  each  other  :  every 
regular  polygon  of  an  odd  number  of  sides  has  an 
axis  joining  each  corner  to  the  middle  of  the 
opposite  sides :  every  regular  polygon  of  an  even 
number  of  sides  has  axes  joining  opposite  corners, 
and  axes  joining  the  middles  of  opposite  sides. 

When  a  piece  of  paper,  of  any  form  whatsoever, 
rectilinear  or  curvilinear,  is  doubled  over  any 
line  in  it,  and  when  all  the  parts  of  either  side 
which  are  not  covered  by  the  other  are  cut  away, 
the  unfolded  figure  will  of  course  have  the  creased 
line  for  an  axis  of  symmetry.  If  another  line  be 
now  creased,  and  a  fold  made  over  it,  and  the 
process  repeated,  the  second  line  becomes  an  axis 
of  symmetry,  and  the  first  perhaps  ceases  to  be 
one.  If  the  process  be  then  repeated  on  the  first 
line,  this  last  becomes  an  axis,  and  the  other  (pro- 
bably) ceases  to  be  an  axis.  If  this  process  can 
be  indefinitely  continued,  the  cuttings  must  be- 
come smaller  and  smaller,  for  the  following  rea- 
son. Suppose,  at  the  outset,  the  boundary  point 
nearest  to  the  intersection  of  the  axes  is  distant 
from  that  intersection  by,  say  four  inches ;  it  is 
clear  that  we  cannot,  after  any  number  of  cuttings, 
have  a  part  of  the  boundary  at  less  than  four 
inches  from  the  intersection.  For  there  never  is, 
after  any  cutting,  any  approach  to  the  intersection 
except  what  there  already  was  on  the  other  side  of 
the  axis  employed,  before  that  cutting  was  made. 
If  then  the  cuttings  should  go  on  for  ever,  or 
practically  until  the  pieces  to  be  cut  off  are  too 
small,  and  if  this  take  place  all  round,  the  figure 
last  obtained  will  be  a  good  representation  of  a 
circle  of  four  inches  radius.  On  the  suppositions, 
we  must  be  always  cutting  down,  at  all  parts  of 
the  boundary  ;  but  it  has  been  shown  that  we  can 
never  come  nearer  than  by  four  inches  to  the 
intersection  of  the  axes. 

But  it  does  not  follow  that  the  process  will  go 
on  for  ever.  We  may  come  at  last  to  a  state  in 
which  both  the  creases  are  axes  of  symmetry  at 
once  ;  and  then  the  process  stops.  If  the  paper 
had  at  first  a  curvilinear  boundary,  properly 
chosen,  and  if  the  axes  were  placed  at  the  proper 
angle,  it  would  happen  that  we  should  arrive  at  a 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


regular  curved  polygon,  having  the  two  axes  for 
axes  of  symmetry.     The  process  would  then  stop. 

I  will,  however,  suppose  that  the  original  bound- 
ary is  everywhere  rectilinear.  It  is  clear  then 
that,  after  every  cutting,  the  boundary  is  still 
rectilinear.  If  the  creases  be  at  right  angles  to 
one  another,  the  ultimate  figure  may  be  an  irre- 
gular polygon,  having  its  four  quarters  alike,  such 
as  may  be  inscribed  in  an  oval ;  or  it  may  have 
its  sides  so  many  and  so  small,  that  the  ultimate 
appearance  shall  be  that  of  an  oval.  But  if  the 
creases  be  not  at  right  angles,  the  ultimate  figure 
is  a  perfectly  regular  polygon,  such  as  can  be  in- 
scribed in  a  circle  ;  or  its  sides  may  be  so  many 
and  so  small  that  the  ultimate  appearance  shall  be 
that  of  a  circle. 

Suppose,  as  in  MR.  INGLEBY'S  question,  that 
the  creases  are  not  at  right  angles  to  each  other ; 
supposing  the  eye  and  the  scissors  perfect,  the 
results  will  be  as  follows  : 

First,  suppose  the  angle  made  by  the  creases  to 
be  what  the  mathematicians  call  incommensurable 
with  the  whole  revolution  ;  that  is,  suppose  that 
no  repetition  of  the  angle  will  produce  an  exact 
number  of  revolutions.  Then  the  cutting  will  go 
on  for  ever,  and  the  result  will  perpetually 
approach  a  circle.  It  is  easily  shown  that  no 
figure  whatsoever,  except  a  circle,  has  two  axes 
of  symmetry  which  make  an  angle  incommensur- 
able with  the  whole  revolution. 

Secondly,  suppose  the  angle  of  the  creases  com- 
mensurable with  the  revolution.  Find  out  the 
smallest  number  of  times  which  the  angle  must 
be  repeated  to  give  an  exact  number  of"  revolu- 
tions. If  that  number  be  even,  it  is  the  number 
of  sides  of  the  ultimate  polygon  :  if  that  number 
be  odd,  it  is  the  half  of  the  number  of  sides  of  the 
ultimate  polygon. 

Thus,  the  paper  on  which  I  write,  the  whole 
sheet  being  taken,  and  the  creases  made  by  join- 
ing opposite  corners,  happens  to  give  the  angle  of 
the  creases  very  close  to  three-fourteenths  of  a 
revolution  ;  so  that  fourteen  repetitions  of  the 
angle  is  the  lowest  number  which  give  an  exact 
number  of  revolutions ;  and  a  very  few  cuttings 
lead  to  a  regular  polygon  of  fourteen  sides.  But 
if  four-seventeenths  of  a  revolution  had  been 
taken  for  the  angle  of  the  creases,  the  ultimate 
polygon  would  have  had  thirty-four  sides.  In  an 
angle  taken  at  hazard  the  chances  are  that  the 
number  of  ultimate  sides  will  be  large  enough  to 
present  a  circular  appearance. 

Any  reader  who  chooses  may  amuse  himself  by 
trying  results  from  three  or  more  axes,  whether 
all  passing  through  one  point  or  not. 

A,  DE  MORGAN. 


THE    BLACK-GUARD. 

(Yol.  viii.,  p.  414.) 

Some  of  your  correspondents,  SIR  JAMES  E.  TENNENT 
especially,  have  been  very  learned  on  this  subject,  and 
all  have  thrown  new  light  on  what  I  consider  a  very 
curious  inquiry.  The  following  document  I  discovered 
some  years  ago  in  the  Lord  Steward's  Offices.  Your 
readers  will  see  its  value  at  once  ;  but  it  may  not  be 
amiss  to  observe,  that  the  name  in  its  present  applica- 
tion had  its  origin  in  the  number  of  masterless  boys 
hanging  about  the  verge  of  the  Court  and  other  public 
places,  palaces,  coal-cellars,  and  palace  stables ;  ready 
with  links  to  light  coaches  and  chairs,  and  conduct, 
and  rob  people  on  foot,  through  the  dark  streets  of 
London  ;  nay,  to  follow  the  Court  in  its  progresses  to 
Windsor  and  Newmarket.  Pope's  "link-boys  vile" 
are  the  black-guard  boys  of  the  following  Proclam- 
ation. PETER  CUNNINGHAM. 

At  the  Board  of  Green  Cloth, 

in  Windsor  Castle, 
this  7th  day  of  May,  1683. 

WHEREAS  of  late  a  sort  of  vicious,  idle,  and 
masterless  boyes  and  rogues,  commonly  called  the 
Black-guard,  with  divers  other  lewd  and  loose 
fellowes,  vagabonds,  vagrants,  and  wandering  men 
and  women,  do  usually  haunt  and  follow  the  Court, 
to  the  great  dishonour  of  the  same,  and  as  Wee 
are  informed  have  been  the  occasion  of  the  late 
dismall  fires  that  happened  in  the  towns  of  Wind- 
sor and  Newmarket,  and  have,  and  frequently  do 
commit  divers  other  misdemeanours  and  disorders 
in  such  places  where  they  resort,  to  the  prejudice 
of  His  Majesty's  subjects,  for  the  prevention  of 
which  evills  and  misdemeanours  hereafter,  Wee  do 
hereby  strictly  charge  and  command  all  those  so 
called  the  Black-guard  as  aforesaid,  with  all  other 
loose,  idle,  masterless  men,  boyes,  rogues,  and 
wanderers,  who  have  intruded  themselves  into  His 
Majesty's  Court  or  stables,  that  within  the  space, 
of,  twenty- four  houres  next  after  the  publishing 
of  this  order,  they  depart,  upon  pain  of  imprison- 
ment, and  such  other  punishments  as  by  law  are 
to  be  inflicted  on  them. 

(Signed)     ORMOND. 

H.  BULKELEY. 

H.  BROUNCKER. 
RICH.  MASON. 
STE.  Fox. 


THE  CALVES'  HEAD  CLTJB. 
(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  315.  480.) 

The  Calves'  Head  Club  existed  much  earlier 
than  the  time  when  their  doings  were  commemo- 
rated in  the  Weekly  Oracle  (Yol.  viii.,  p.  315.) 
of  February  1,  1735,  or  depicted  in  the  print  of 
1734  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  480.).  There  is  a  pamphlet, 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


the   second    edition   of  -which  was   published  in 
small  4to.,  in  170-3,  entitled  : 

"  The  Secret  History  of  the  Calves'  Head  Club, 
or,  the  Republican  Unmasqu'd,  wherein  is  fully 
shewn  the  Religion  of  the  Calves- Head  Heroes  in 
their  Anniversary  Thanksgiving  Songs  on  the  Thir- 
tieth of  January,  by  their  Anthems,"  &c.  &c. 

We  are  told  in  the  latter  part  of  the  long  title- 
page  that  the  work  was  published  "  to  demonstrate 
the  restless,  implacable  spirit  of  a  certain  party 
still  among  us,"  and  certainly  the  statements 
therein,  and  more  than  all  the  anthems  at  the  end, 
do  show  the  bitterest  hatred — so  bitter,  so  intense 
and  malignant,  that"  we  feel  on  reading  it  that 
there  must  be  some  exaggeration. 

The  author  professes  to  have  at  first  been  of 
opinion  "  that  the  story  was  purely  contrived  on 
purpose  to  render  the  republicans  more  odious 
than  they  deserv'd."  Whether  he  was  convinced 
to  the  contrary  by  ocular  demonstration  he  does 
not  tell  us,  but  gives  us  information  he  received 
from  a  gentleman  — 

"  Who,  about  eight  years  ago,  went  out  of  meer 
curiosity  to  see  their  Club,  and  has  since  furnish'd  me 
with  the  following  papers.  I  was  inform'd  that  it  was 
kept  in  no  fix'd  house,  but  that  they  remov'd  as  they 
saw  convenient ;  that  the  place  they  met  in  when  he 
was  with  'em  was  in  a  blind  ally,  about  Morefields  ; 
that  the  company  wholly  consisted  of  Independents 
and  Anabaptists  (I  am  glad  for  the  honour  of  the 
Presbyterians  to  set  down  this  remark)  ;  that  the 
fa -nous  Jerry  White,  formerly  Chaplain  to  Oliver 
Cromwell,  who  no  doubt  on't  came  to  sanctify  with 
his  pious  exhortations  the  Ribbaldry  of  the  Day,  said 
Grace;  that  after  the  table-cloth  was  removed,  the 
anniversary  anthem,  as  they  impiously  called  it,  was 
sung,  and  a  calve's  skull  fill'd  with  wine,  or  other 
liquor,  and  then  a  brimmer  went  about  to  the  pious 
memory  of  those  worthy  patriots  that  kill'd  the  tyrant, 
and  deliver' d  their  country  from  arbitrary  sway  ;  and 
lastly,  a  collection  made  for  the  mercenary  scribler,  to 
which  every  mm  contributed  according  to  his  zeal  for 
the  cause,  or  the  ability  of  his  purse. 

"  I  have  taken  care  to  set  down  what  the  gentleman 
told  me  as  faithfully  as  my  memory  wou'd  give  me 
leave;  and  I  am  persuaded  that  some  persons  that 
'frequent  the  Black  Boy  in  Newgate  Street,  as  they 
knew  the  author  of  the  following  lines  so  they  knew 
this  account  of  the  Calves'  Head  Club  to  be  true." 

The  anthems  for  the  years  1693,  1694,  1695, 
1696,  and  1697,  are  given;  but  they  are  too 
long  and  too  stupidly  blasphemous  and  indecent 
to  quote  here.  Xliey  seem  rather  the  satires  of 
malignant  cavaliers  than  the  serious  productions 
of  any  Puritan,  however  politically  or  theolo- 
gically heretical.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  Calotype  Process.  —  1  have  made  my  first  essay 
in  the  calotype  process,  following  DR.  DIAMOND'S 
directions  given  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  and  using  Turner's 
paper,  as  recommended  by  him.  My  success  has  been, 
quite  as  great  as  I  could  expect  as  a  novice,  and  sa- 
tisfies me  that  any  defects  are  due  to  my  own  want  of 
skill,  and  not  to  any  fault  in  the  directions  given.  I 
wish,  however,  to  ask  a  question  as  to*  iodizing  the 
paper.  DR.  DIAMOND  says,  lay  the  paper  on  the  solu- 
tion ;  then  immediately  remove  it,  and  lay  on  the  dry 
side  on  blotting-paper,  &c.  Now  I  find,  if  I  remove 
immediately,  the  whole  sheet  of  paper  curls  up  into  a 
roll,  and  is  quite  unmanageable.  I  want  to  know, 
therefore,  whether  there  is  any  objection  to  allowing 
the  paper  to  remain  on  the  iodizing  solution  until  it 
lies  flat  on  it,  so  that  on  removal  it  will  not  curl,  and 
may  be  easily  and  conveniently  laid  on  the  dry  side  to 
pass  the  glass  rod  over  it.  As  soon  as  the  paper  is 
floated  on  the  solution  (I  speak  of  Turner's)  it  has  a 
great  tendency  to  curl,  and  takes  some  time  before  the 
expansion  of  both  surfaces  becoming  equal  allows  it  to 
lie  quite  flat  on  the  liquid.  May  this  operation  be  per- 
formed by  the  glass  rod,  without  floating  at  all  ? 

Photographers,  like  myself,  at  a  distance  from  prac- 
tical instruction,  are  so  much  obliged  for  plain  and 
simple  directions  such  as  those  given  by  DR.  DIAMOND, 
which  are  the  result  of  experience,  that  I  am  sure  he 
will  not  mind  being  troubled  with  a  few  inquiries  rela- 
tive to  them.  C.  E.  F. 

ffockin's'  Short  Sketch. — Mr.  Hockin  is  so  well  known 
as  a  thoroughly  practical  chemist,  that  it  may  suffice 
to  call  attention  to  the  fact  of  his  having  published  a 
little  brochure  entitled  How  to  obtain  Positive  and. 
Negative  Pictures  on  Collodionized  Glass,  and  copy  the 
latter  upon  Paper.  A  Short  Sketch  adapted  for  the  Tyro 
in  Photography.  As  the  question  of  the  alkalinity  of 
the  nitrate  bath  is  one  which  has  lately  been  discussed, 
we  will  give,  as  a  specimen  of  Mr.  Hockin's  book,  a 
quotation,  showing  his  opinion  upon  that  question  : 

"  The  sensitizing  agent,  nitrate  of  silver  in  crystals, 
not  the  ordinary  fused  in  sticks,  is  nearly  always  con- 
fessedly adulterated  ;  it  is  thus  employed  : 

"  The  silver  or  nitrate  bath.  —  Nitrate  of  silver  five 
drachms,  distilled  water  ten  ounces;  dissolve  and  add 
iodized  collodion  two  drachms. 

"  Shake  these  well  together,  allow  them  to  macerate 
twelve  hours,  and  filter  through  paper.  Before  adding 
the  nitric  acid,  test  the  liquid  with  a  piece  of  blue 
litmus  paper;  if  it  remain  blue  after  being  immersed 
one  minute,  add  one  drop  of  dilute  nitric  acid  *,  and 
test  again  for  a  minute ;  and  so  on,  until  a  claret  red  is 
indicated  on  the  paper.  It  is  necessary  to  test  the 
bath  in  a  similar  manner,  frequently  adding  half  a 
drop  to  a  drop  of  dilute  acid  when  required.  This 
precaution  will  prevent  the  fogging  due  to  alkalinity 
of  the  bath,  so  formidable  an  obstacle  to  young  hands." 

Photoaraphic  Society's  Exhibition.  —  The  Photo- 
graphic^Society  opened  their  first  Exhibition  of  Pho- 


*  "  Dilute  nitric  acid. — Water  fifty  parts,  nitric  acid 
one  part." 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


17 


tographs  and  Daguerreotypes  at  the  Gallery  of  the 
Society  of  British  Artists,  in  Suffolk  Street,  with  a 
soiree  on  Tuesday  evening  last.  Notwithstanding  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather,  the  rooms  were  crowded 
not  only  by  members  of  the  Society,  but  by  many  of 
the  most  distinguished  literary  and  scientific  men  of 
the  metropolis.  The  Queen  and  Prince  Albert  had, 
in  the  course  of  the  morning,  spent  three  hours  in  an 
examination  of  the  collection  ;  and  the  opinion  they 
expressed,  that  the  exhibition  was  one  of  great  interest 
and  promise,  from  the  evidence  it  afforded  of  the  ex- 
traordinary advance  made  by  the  art  during  the  past 
year,  and  the  encouragement  it  held  out  to  the  belief 
that  far  *  greater  excellence  might  therefore  still  be 
looked  for  in  it,  was  a  very  just  one,  and  embodied  that 
given  afterwards  by  the  most  competent  authorities. 
We  have  not  room  this  week  to  enter  into  any  details, 
but  can  confidently  recommend  our  readers  to  pay  an 
early  visit  to  Suffolk  Street. 


to  ifHCncrr 

"  Firm  was  their  faith"  frc.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  564.). 
—  These  lines  are  to  be  found  in  a  poem  called 
"Morwennae  Statio,  hodie  Morwenstow,"  pub- 
lished by  Masters  in  1846,  with  the  title  of  Echoes 
from  Old  Cornwall,  and  written  by  the  Vicar  of 
Morwenstow.  I  agree  with  D.  M.  in  the  judg- 
ment he  has  announced  as  to  their  merits ;  but 
hitherto  they  have  been  but  little  appreciated  by 
the  public.  A  time  will  come,  however,  when 
these  and  other  compositions  of  the  author  will 
be  better  known  and  more  duly  valued  by  the 
English  mind.  SAXA. 

These  lines  were  written  on  "  the  Minster  of 
Morwenna,"  May,  1840,  and  appeared  in  the 
British  Magazine  under  the  anonymous  name 
Procul.  Of  the  eight  stanzas  of  which  the  poem 
consists^  P.  M.  has  quoted  the  second.  The 
second  line  should  be  read  "  wise  of  heart,"  and 
the  third  "jtfrw  and  trusting  hands."  With  your 
correspondent,  I  hope  the  author's  name  may  be 
discovered.  F.  R.  R. 

Vellum-cleaning  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  340.).  —  In  the 
Polytechnic  Institution  there  are  specimens  of  old 
deeds,  &c.,  on  vellum  and  paper,  beautifully 
cleaned  and  restored  by  Mr.  George  Clifford, 
5.  Inner  Temple  Lane,  Temple,  London. 

J.  M'K. 

Shoreham. 

Wooden  Tombs  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  255.).  — In  the 
church  at  Brading,  Isle  of  Wight  — 

"  There  are  some  old  tombs  in  the  communion  place, 
and  in  Sir  William  Oglander's  chapel,  or  family  burial- 
place,  which  is  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  church 
by  an  oak  screen.  The  most  ancient  legible  date  of 
these  monuments  is  1567.  Two  of  them  have  full- 
length  figures  in  armour  of  solid  elm  wood,  originally 


painted  in  their  proper  colours,  and  gilt,  but  now  dis- 
figured by  coats  of  dirty  white." — Barber's  Picturesque 
Guide  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,  1850,  pp.  28,  29. 

J.  M'K. 

Shoreham. 

Solar  Eclipse  in  the  Year  1263  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  441.).  —  In  the  Transactions  of  the  Antiquarian 
Society  of  Scotland,  vol.  ii.  p.  350.,  there  are 
"  Observations  on  the  Norwegian  Expedition 
against  Scotland  in  the  year  1263,"  by  John 
Dillon,  Esq. ;  and  at  pp.  363-4.,  when  speaking  of 
the  annular  eclipse,  he  says  : 

"  The  eclipse  above  mentioned  is  described  to  have 
occurred  between  these  two  dates  [29th  July  and  9th 
August].  This  being  pointed  out  to  Dr.  Brewster, 
he  had  the  curiosity  to  calculate  the  eclipse,  when  he 
found  that  there  was  an  eclipse  of  the  sun  on  5th 
August,  1263,  and  which  was  annular  at  Ronaldsvo, 
in  Orkney,  and  the  middle  of  it  was  twenty-four 
minutes  past  one." 

These  "  Observations "  contain  much  curious 
information ;  but  are  deformed  by  the  author 
attempting  to  wrest  the  text  of  the  Norwegian 
writer  (at  p.  358.  and  in  note  I.)  to  suit  an  absurd 
crotchet  of  his  own.  Having  seen  that  essay  in 
MS.,  I  pointed  out  those  errors ;  but  instead  of 
attending  to  my  observations,  he  would  not  read 
them,  and  got  into  a  passion  against  the  friend 
who  showed  the  MS.  to  me.  J.  M'K. 

Shoreham. 

Lines  on  Woman  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  292.  350.  &c.). — 
The  lines  on  Woman  are,  I  presume,  an  altered 
version  of  those  of  Barret  (Mrs.  Barrett  Brown- 
ing ?) ;  they  are  the  finale  of  a  short  poem  oa 
Woman  ;  the  correct  version  is  the  following : 

"  Peruse  the  sacred  volume,  Him  who  died 
Her  kiss  betray'd  not,  nor  her  tongue  denied'; 
While  even  the  Apostle  left  Him  to  His  doom, 
She  linger'd  round  His  cross  and  watch'd  His  tomb.'r 

I  would  copy  the  whole  poem,  but  fear  you 
would  think  it  too  long  for  insertion.  MA.  L. 

[Our  correspondent  furnishes  an  addition  to  our 
list  of  parallel  passages.  The  lines  quoted  by  W.  V. 
and  those  now  given  by  our  present  correspondent  can 
never  be  different  readings  of  the  same  poem.  Besides, 
it  has  been  already  shown  that  the  lines  asked  for  are 
from  the  poem  entitled  Woman,  by  Eaton  Stannard 
Barrett  (see  ante,  pp.  350.  423.).] 

Satin  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  551.).  —  In  a  note  just  re- 
ceived by  me  from  Canton,  an  American  friend  of 
mine  remarks  as  follows  : 

"  When  you  write  again  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  you  can 
say  that  the  word  satin  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  551.),  like  the 
article  itself,  is  of  Chinese  origin,  and  that  other 
foreign  languages,  in  endeavouring  like  the  En- 
glish to  imitate  the  Chinese  sz-tun,  have  approxi- 


18 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


mated  closely  to  it,  and  to  each  other.  Of  this 
the  answers  to  the  Query  given  in  the  place  re- 
ferred to  are  a  sufficient  proof;  Fr.  satin, 
W.  sidan,  &c.  &c." 

I  suspect  that  he  is  right,  and  that  Ogilvie  and 
Webster,  whom  you  quote,  have  not  got  to  the 
bottom  of  the  word.  I  may  add  that  the  notion 
of  my  Canton  friend  receives  approval  from  a 
Chinese  scholar  to  whom  I  have  shown  the  above 
extract.  W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 

"  Quid  fades"  fyc.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  539.). — 

"  BIERVK,  N.  Marechal,  Marquis  de,  a  Frenchman 
well  known  for  his  ready  wit  and  great  facetiousness. 
He  wrote  two  plays  of  considerable  merit,  Les  Re- 
putations and  Le  Seducteur.  He  died  at  Spa,  1789, 
aged  42.  He  is  author  of  the  distich  on  courtezans  : 

«  Quid  facies,  facies  Veneris  cum  veneris  ante  ? 
Ne  sedeas  !  sed  eas,  ne  pereas  per  eas.' " 

—  Lempriere's  Universal  Biography,  abridged  from  the 
larger  work,  London,  1808. 

C.  FORBES. 
Temple. 

Sotades  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  520.). — Your  correspon- 
dent CHARLES  REED  says  that  Sotades  was  a 
Roman  poet  250  B.C.  ;  and  that  to  him  we  owe  the 
line,  "  Roma  tibi  subito,"  &c.  Sotades  was  a  native 
of  Maroneia  in  Thrace,  or,  according  to  others,  of 
Crete ;  and  nourished  at  Alexandria  B.C.  280 
(Smith's  Dictionary  of  Biography,  Clinton,  F.  H., 
vol.  iii.  p.  888.).  We  have  a  few  fragments  of  his 
poems,  but  none  of  them  are  palindromical.  The 
authority  for  his  having  written  so,  is,  I  suppose, 
Martial,  Epig.  n.  86.  2.  : 

"  Nee  retro  lego  Sotaden  cinaedum." 

ZEUS. 

The  Third  Part  of  "  Christabel "  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  11.  111.).  —  Has  the  7mA  Quarterly  Review 
any  other  reason  for  ascribing  this  poem  to  Maginn 
than  the  common  belief  which  makes  him  the  sole 
and  original  Morgan  Odoherty  ?  If  not,  its  evi- 
dence is  of  little  value,  ns^  exclusive  of  some  pieces 
under  that  name  which  have  been  avowed  by 
other  writers,  many  of  the  Odoherty  papers  con- 
tain palpable  internal  evidence  of  having  been 
written  by  a  Scotchman,  or  at  least  one  very  fa- 
miliar with  Scotland,  which  at  that  time  he  was 
not ;  even  the  letter  accompanying  the  third  part 
of  Christabel  is  dated  from  Glasgow,  and  though 
this  would  in  itself  prove  nothing,  the  circum- 
stances above  mentioned,  as  well  as  Dr.  Moir's 
evidence  as  to  the  time  when  Maginn's  contribu- 
tions to  Blachwood  commenced,  seems  strongly 
presumptive  against  his  claim.  Some  of  the 
earliest  and  most  distinguished  writers  in  Black- 
wopd  are  still  alive,  and  could,  no  doubt,  clear  up 
this  point  at  once,  if  so  inclined.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 


Attainment  of  Majority  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  198.  250.). 
—  In  my  last  communication  upon  this  subject  I 
produced  undeniable  authority  to  prove  that  the 
law  did  not  regard  the  fraction  of  a  day ;  this,  I 
think,  A.  E.  B.  will  admit.  The  question  is,  now, 
does  the  day  on  which  a  man  attains  his  majority 
commence  at  six  o'clock  A.M.,  or  at  midnight? 
We  must  remember  that  we  are  dealing  with  a 
question  of  English  law  ;  and  therefore  the  evi- 
dence of  an  English  decision  will,  I  submit,  be 
stronger  proof  of  the  latter  mode  of  reckoning  than 
the  only  positive  proof  with  which  A.  E.  B.  has 
defended  Ben  Jonson's  use  of  the  former,  viz. 
Roman. 

In  a  case  tried  in  Michaelmas  Term,  1704, 
Chief  Justice  Holt  said  : 

"  It  has  been  adjudged  that  if  one  be  born  the  1st  of 
February  at  eleven  at  night,  and  the  last  of  January  in 
the  twenty-first  year  of  his  age  at  one  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  he  makes  his  will  of  lands  and  dies,  it  is  a 
good  will,  for  he  was  then  of  age."  —  Salkeld,  44. ; 
Raymond,  480,  1096  ;  1  Siderfin,  162. 

In  this  case,  therefore,  the  testator  was  ac- 
counted of  age  forty-six  hours  before  the  com- 
pletion of  his  twenty-first  year.  Now,  the  law 
not  regarding  the  fraction  of  a  day,  the  above 
case,  I  submit,  clearly  proves  that  the  day,  as 
regards  the  attainment  of  majority,  began  at  mid- 
night. RUSSELL  GOLE. 

Lord  Halifax  and  Mrs.  C.  Barton  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  429.  543.).  —  In  answer  to  J.  W.  J.'s  Query,  I 
beg  to  state  that  I  have  in  my  possession  a  codicil 
of  Mrs.  Conduit's  will  in  her  own  hand,  dated 
26th  of  January,  1737.  This  document  refers  to 
some  theological  tracts  by  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  in 
his  handwriting,  which  I  have.  On  referring  to 
the  pedigree  of  the  Barton  family,  I  find  that 
Colonel  Robert  Barton  married  Catherine  Green- 
wood, whose  father  lived  at  Rotterdam,  and  was 
ancestor  of  Messrs.  Greenwood,  army  agents.  His 
issue  were  Major  Newton  Barton,  who  married 
Elizabeth  Ekins,  Mrs.  Burr,  and  Catherine  Robert 
Barton.  I  find  no  mention  of  Colonel  Noel 
Barton.  The  family  of  Ekins  had  been  previously 
connected  with  that  of  Barton,  Alexander  Ekins, 
Rector  of  Barton  Segrave,  having  married  Jane 
Barton  of  Brigstock.  The  writer  of  this  note 
will  be  obliged  if  J.  W.  J.,  or  any  correspondent 
of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  will  inform  him  if  anything  is 
known  respecting  an  ivory  bust  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  executed  by  Marchand  or  Marchant, 
which  is  said  to  have  been  an  excellent  likeness. 

S.  X. 

[The  ivory  bust  referred  to  by  our  correspondent 
is,  we  believe,  in  the  British  Museum.] 

The  fifth  Lord  Byron  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  2.).  —  I 
cannot  but  think  that  MR.  HASLEDEN'S  memory 
has  deceived  him  as  to  the  "  wicked  lord  "  having 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


19 


settled  his  estates  upon  the  marriage  of  his  son ; 
how  is  this  to  be  reconciled  with  the  often  pub- 
lished statement,  that  the  marriage  of  his  son  with 
his  cousin  Juliana,  daughter  of  the  admiral,  and 
aunt  of  the  late  and  present  lords,  was  made  not 
only  without  the  consent,  but  in  spite  of  the  oppo- 
sition, of  the  old  lord,  and  that  he  never  forgave 
his  son  in  consequence  ?  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Burton  Family  (Vol.  iv.,  pp.  22.  124.). —  In 
connexion  with  a  Query  which  was  kindly  noticed 
by  MB.  ALGOR  of  Sheffield,  who  did  not  however 
communicate  anything  new  to  me,  I  would  ask 
who  was  Samuel  Burton,  Esq.,  formerly  Sheriff  of 
Derbyshire  ;  whose  death  at  Sevenoaks,  in  October, 
1750,  I  find  recorded  in  the  Obituary  of  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  that  year  ?  I  am  also  de- 
sirous to  ascertain  who  was  Sir  Francis  Cavendish 
Burton  of  St.  Helens,  whose  daughter  and  heiress, 
Martha,  married  Richard  Sikes,  Esq.,  ancestor  of 
the  Sikes's  of  the  Chauntry  House  near  Newark. 
She  died  since  1696.  Both  Samuel  Burton  and 
Mrs.  Sikes  were  related  to  the  Burtons  of  Kilburn, 
in  the  parish  of  Horsley,  near  Derby,  to  whom  my 
former  Query  referred.  E.  H.  A. 

Provost  Hodgson  s  Translation  of  the  Atys  of 
Catullus  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  563.).  — In  answer  to  MR. 
GANTILLON'S  inquiry  for  the  above  translation,  I 
beg  to  state  that  it  will  be  found  appended  to  an 
octavo  edition  of  Hodgson's  poem  of  Lady  Jane 
Grey. 

In  the  same  volume  will  be  found,  I  believe 
(for  I  have  not  the  work  before  me),  some  of  the 
modern  Latin  poetry  respecting  which  BALLIO- 
LENSIS  inquires.  The  justly  admired  translation 
of  Edwin  and  Angelina,  to  which  the  latter  refers, 
was  by  Hodgson's  too  early  lost  friend  Lloyd. 
The  splendid  pentameter  is  slightly  misquoted 
by  BALLIOLENSIS.  It  is  not  — 

"  Poscimus  in  terris  pauca,  nee  ilia  diu." 
but  — 

"  Poscimus  in  vita,"  &c. 

THOMAS  ROSSELL  POTTER. 

Wymeswold,  Loughborough. 

Wylcotes1  Brass  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  494.).  — I  should 
hardly  have   supposed  that  any  difficulty   could 
exist  in  explaining  the  inscription  : 
"In  •  on  •  is  •  all." 

To  me  it  appears  self-evident  that  it  must  be  — 
"  In  one  (God)  is  my  all." 

H.  C.  C. 
Holy,  Family  of ;  their  Portraits,  Sfc.  (Vol.  viii., 

p.  244.) 1  would  refer  J.  B.  WHITBORNE  to 

The  Antiquities  of  Berkshire  (so  miscalled),  by 
Elias  Ashmole;  where,  in  treating  of  Bisham,  that 
learned  antiquary  has  given  the  inscriptions  to 
the  Hoby  family  as  existing  and  legible  in  his  time. 
It  does  not  appear  that  Sir  Philip  Hoby,  or 


Hobbie,  Knight,  was  ever  of  the  Privy  Council ; 
but,  in  1539,  one  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Privy 
Chamber  to  King  Henry  VIII.  (which  monarch 
granted  to  him  in  1546-7  the  manor  of  Wil- 
loughby  in  Edmonton,  co.  Middlesex),  Sir  Thomas 
Hoby,  the  brother,  and  successor  in  the  estates  of 
Sir  Philip,  was,  in  1566,  ambassador  to  France ; 
and  died  at  Paris  July  13  in  that  same  year  (not 
1596),  aged  thirty-six.  The  coat  of  the  Hobys  of 
Bisham,  as  correctly  given,  is  "  Argent,  within  a 
border  engrailed  sable,  three  spindles,  threaded  in 
fesse,  gules."  A  grant  or  confirmation  of  this  coat 
was  made  by  Sir  Edward  Bysshe,  Clarenceux,  to 
Peregrine  Hoby  of  Bisham,  "Berks,  natural  son  of 
Sir  Edward  Hoby,  Nov.  17,  1664.  The  Bisham 
family  bore  no  crest  nor  motto.  H.  C.  C. 

The  Keate  Family  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  293.  525.)  — 
Should  the  Query  of  G.  B.  B.  not  be  sufficiently 
answered  by  the  extract  from  Mr.  Burke's  Extinct 
and  Dormant  Baronetcies  of  England  relating  to 
the  Keate  family,  as  I  have  a  full  pedigree  of  that 
surname,  I  may  perhaps  be  able,  on  application, 
to  satisfy  him  with  some  genealogical  particulars 
which  are  not  noticed  in  Mr.  Burke's  work. 

H.  C.  C. 

Sir  Charles  Cotterell  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  564.).  —  Sir 
Charles  Cotterell,  the  translator  of  Cassandra, 
died  in  1687.  (See  Fuller's  Worthies,  by  Nuttall, 
vol.  ii.  p.  309.)  'AAieus. 

Dublin. 

Hue's  Travels  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  516.). — Not  having 
seen  the  Gardener's  Chronicle,  in  which  C.  W.  B. 
says  the  travels  of  Messrs.  Hue  and  Gabet  in 
Thibet,  Tartary,  &c.  are  said  to  be  a  pure  fabri- 
cation, concocted  by  some  Parisian  litterateur,  I 
cannot  know  what  degree  of  credit,  if  any,  is  to 
be  given  to  such  a  statement.  All  I  wish  to  com- 
municate at  present  for  the  information  of  your 
Querist  C.  W.  B.  is  this,  that  I  have  read  an 
account  and  abstract  of  Messrs.  Hue  and  Gabet's 
Travels  in  one  of  the  ablest  and  best  conducted 
French  reviews,  La  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes ;  in 
which  not  the  least  suspicion  of  fabrication  is 
hinted,  or  the  slightest  doubt  expressed  as  to  the 
genuineness  of  these  Travels.  Mr.  Princep,  also, 
in  his  work  on  Thibet,  Tartary,  &c.  quotes  largely 
from  Hue's  Travels,  and  avails  himself  exten- 
sively of  the  information  contained  in  them  with 
reference  to  Buddhism,  &c. 

Should  the  writer  in  the  Gardener's  Chronicle 
have  it  in  his  power  to  prove  the  Travels  to  be  a 
fabrication,  he  will  confer  a  benefit  on  the  world 
of  letters  by  unmasking  the  fabricator.  J.  M. 

Oxford. 

Pictures  at  Hampton  Court  Palace  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  538.).  —  In  reply  to  <J>.'s  question  when  the 
review  of  the  10th  Light  Dragoons  by  King 


20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


George  III.,  after  the  Prince  of  Wales  assumed 
the  command  of  that  regiment,  I  beg  to  state  that 
the  Prince  entered  the  army  as  brevet-colonel, 
Nov.  19,  1782;  that  the  regiment  received  the 
title  of  "  The  Prince  of  Wales's  own  Regiment  of 
Light  Dragoons"  on  Michaelmas  Day,  1783:  that 
the  regiment  was  stationed  in  the  south  of  England 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  London  for  many  years, 
from  1790  to  1803  inclusive;  and  that  King 
George  III.  repeatedly  reviewed  it,  accompanied 
by  the  queen  and  the  royal  family.  That  the 
Prince  of  Wales  was  appointed  Colonel-command- 
ant of  the  corps  in  1793,  and  succeeded  Sir  W. 
A.  Pitt  as  colonel  of  it  in  July  18,  1796.  That 
the  regiment  was  reviewed  on  Hounslow  Heath 
by  the  King  in  August,  1799  ;  and  the  Prince  of 
Wales  (who  commanded  it  in  person)  received 
his  Majesty's  orders  to  convey  his  Majesty's  ap- 
probation of  its  excellent  appearance  and  per- 
formance. Perhaps  the  picture  by  Sir  William 
Beechey  was  painted  in  1799,  and  not  1798.  I 
did  not  find  the  catalogue  at  Hampton  Court  free 
from  errors,  when  I  last  visited  the  palace]  in 
October,  1852.  M.  A. 

Pembroke  College,  Oxon. 

John  Waugh  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  271.  400.  525.).  — 
Does  KARLEOLENSIS  know  whether  John  Waugh, 
son  of  Waugh,  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  was  married, 
and  to  whom  ? 

Farther  information  of  the  above  family  would 
be  most  acceptable,  and  thankfully  acknowledged, 
by  George  Waugh,  of  the  family  of  the  Waughs 
of  Oulton  and  Lofthouse,  Yorkshire. 

Exeter. 

Daughters  taking  their  Mothers'  Names  (Vol. viii., 
p.  586.).  —  When  BURIENSIS  asks  for  instances  of 
this,  and  mentions  "  Alicia,  daughter  of  Ada,"  as 
an  example,  is  he  not  mistaking,  or  following  some 
one  else  who  has  mistaken,  the  gender  of  the 
parent's  name  ?  Alicia  JiL  Ada  would  be  ren- 
dered **  Alice  Fitz-Adam,"  unless  there  be  any- 
thing in  the  context  to  determine  the  gender 
otherwise.  J.  SANSOM. 

*'  Service  is  no  Inheritance"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  586.). — 
This  proverbial  saying  has  evidently  arisen  from 
the  old  manorial  right,  under  which  the  lord  of 
the  manor  claimed  suit  and  service  and  fealty 
before  admitting  the  heir  to  his  inheritance,  or 
the  purchaser  to  his  purchase.  On  which  occasion, 
the  party  admitted  to  the  estate,  whether  pur- 
chaser or  heir,  "rfecit  fidelitatem  suarn  et  solvit 
relevium;"  the  relief  being  generally  a  year's 
rent  or  service.  ANON. 

Sir  Christopher  Wren  and  the  young  Carver 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  340.). — If  your  correspondent  A.  H. 
has  not  already  appropriated  the  anecdote  here 
alluded  to,  I  think  I  can  confidently  refer  him  to 


any  biographical  notice  of  Grindling  Gibbons  —  to 
whom  the  story  of  the  "Sow  and  Pigs"  relates. 
Gibbons  was  recommended  to  Sir  Christopher  by 
Evelyn,  I  think  ;  but  not  having  "  made  a  note  of 
it,"  I  am  not  sure  that  it  is  to  be  found  in  his 
Diary*  If  there  be  any  monograph  Life  of 
Gibbons,  it  can  scarcely  fail  to  be  found  there. 

M.  (2) 

Souvaroff's  Despatch  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  490.).— 
Souvaroff's  doggerel  despatch  from  Ismail,  im- 
mortalised by  Byron,  is,  as  usual,  misspelt  and 
mistranslated.  Allow  me  to  furnish  you  with  what 
I  have  never  yet  seen  in  English,  a  correct  version 
of  it: 

"  Slava  Bogou,  slava  Vam  ; 
Krepost  vziala,  ee  ya  tarn." 

"  Glory  to  God,  glory  to  You, 
The  fortress  is  taken,  and  I  am  there." 

DMITRI  ANDREEF. 

Detached  Church  Towers  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  63.).  — 
In  the  lists  I  have  seen  no  mention  is  made  of  the 
fine  tower  of  West  Walton  Church,  which  stands 
at  a  distance  of  nearly  twenty  yards  from  the 
body  of  the  church.  W.  B.  D. 

Lynn. 

Queen  Anne's  Motto  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  174.).  —  The 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  is  in  possession 
of  an  English  coat  of  arms,  painted  on  wood  in 
the  time  of  Queen  Anne,  having  "  Anna  R."  at 
the  top,  and  the  motto  Semper  eadcm  on  the  scroll 
below.  It  probably  was  in  one  of  the  Philadelphia 
court-rooms,  and  was  taken  down  at  the  Revo- 
lution. UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Lawyers'  Bags  (Vol.  vii.  passim).  —  The 
communication  of  MR.  KERSLEY,  in  p.  557.,  al- 
though it  does  not  support  the  inference  which 
COL.  LANDMAN  draws,  that  the  colour  of  lawyers* 
bags  was  changed  in  consequence  of  the  unpopu- 
larity which  it  acquired  at  the  trial  of  Queen 
Caroline,  seems  to  show  that  green  was  at  one 
time  the  colour  of  those  professional  pouches. 
The  question  still  remains,  "when  and  on  what 
occasion  it  was  discontinued ;  and  when  the  pur- 
ple, and  when  the  crimson,  were  introduced  ? 

When  I  entered  the  profession  (about  fifty 
years  ago),  no  junior  barrister  presumed  to  carry 
a  bag  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  unless  one  had 
been  presented  to  him  by  a  king's  counsel ;  who, 
when  a  junior  was  advancing  in  practice,  took  an 
opportunity  of  complimenting  him  on  his  increase 
of  business,  and  giving  him  his  own  bag  to  carry 
home  his  papers.  It  was  then  a  distinction  to 
carry  a  bag,  and  a  proof  that  a  junior  was  rising 


[*  See   Evelyn's    Diary,  vol.  ii.  pp.  53,  54.,  edition 
1850.— ED.] 


JAN.  7.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


21 


in  liis  profession.     I  do  not  know  whether  the 
same  custom  prevailed  in  the  other  courts. 

CAUSIDICUS 

In  this  city  (Philadelphia)  lawyers  formerly 
carried  green  bags.  The  custom  has  declined  of 
late  years  among  the  members  of  the  legal  pro 
fession,  and  it  has  been  taken  up  by  journeymen 
boot  and  shoe  makers,  who  thus  carry  their  work 
to  and  from  the  workshop.  A  green  bag  is  now 
the  badge  of  a  cordwainer  in  this  city.  2!2H. 

Philadelphia. 

Bust  of  Luther  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  335.).  —  MR.  J.  G. 
FITCH  asks  for  information  respecting  a  bust  of 
Luther,  with  an  inscription,  on  the  wall  of  a  house, 
in  the  Dom  Platz  at  Frankfort  on  the  Maine.  I 
have  learned,  through  a  German  acquaintance, 
who  has  resided  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in  that 
city,  that  the  effigy  was  erected  to  commemorate 
the  event  of  Luther's  having,  during  a  short  stay 
in  Frankfort,  preached  near  that  spot ;  and  that 
the  words  surrounding  the  bust  were  his  text  on 
the  occasion.  He  adds  that  Luther  at  no  period 
of  his  life  "  lived  for  some  years"  at  Frankfort,  as 
stated  by  Ma.  FITCH.  ALFRED  SMITH. 

Grammar  in  relation  to  Logic  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  514.  629.).  —  H.  C.  K.'s  remarks  are  of  course 
indisputable.  But  it  is  a  mistake  to  suppose  that 
they  answer  my  Query.  In  fact,  had  your  cor- 
respondent taken  the  trouble  to  consider  the 
meaning  of  my  Query,  he  could  not  have  failed  to 
perceive  that  the  explanation  I  there  gave  of  the 
function  of  the  conjunction  in  logic,  is  the  same 
as  his.  My  Query  had  sole  reference  to  grammar. 
I  would  also  respectfully  suggest  that  anonymous 
correspondents  should  not  impute  "  superficial 
views,"  or  any  other  disagreeable  thing,  to  those 
who  stand  confessed,  without  abandoning  the 
pseudonym.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 


KOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Mr.  Timbs  announces  for  publication  by  subscription, 
Curiosities  of  London  :  exhibiting  the  most  rare  and  re- 
markable Objects  of  Interest  in  the  Metropolis.  Mr. 
Timbs  states,  the  authorities  for  his  work  have  been 
four-and-twenty  years  in  collection  ;  and  that  the  ut- 
most pain.i  has  been  taken  to  verify  names,  dates,  and 
circumstances,  so  as  to  insure  accuracy  In  this  labour 
the  author  has  been  aided  by  the  communications  of 
many  obliging  friends,  as  well  as  by  his  own  recol- 
lection of  nearly  fifty  years'  changes  in  the  aspects  of 
"opulent,  enlarged,  and  still  increasing  London." 

It  is  proposed  to  publish  by  subscription  The  Visit- 
ation of  the  County  of  Northumberland,  taken  by  Ri- 
chard St.  George,  Esq.,  Norroy  King  of  Arms,  and 
Henry  St.  George,  Esq.,  Blue  Mantle  Pursuivant  of 


Arms,  A.D.  1615.  To  be  printed  in  tables  on  folio,  with 
the  arms  engraved  on  wood,  price  One  Guinea ;  or 
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bers' names  will  be  received  by  Mr.  John  Gray  Bell, 
No.  17.  Bedford  Street,  Coverit  Garden. 

The  first  number  of  the  Antiquities  of  Shropshire,  by 
the  Rev.  R.  W.  Eyton,  has  just  been  issued  for  the 
sake  of  determining  the  author's  doubts  as  to  whether 
there  is  any  general  wish  for  such  a  publication.  Should 
the  answer  be  in  the  negative,  the  author  will  neither 
forget  his  obligation  to  present  subscribers,  nor  the  ex- 
planation which  he  will  farther  owe  them  if  the  work 
be  discontinued.  The  work  will  extend  at  least  to  five 
volumes,  or  twenty  parts,  and,  according  to  the  present 
plan,  will  be  completed  in  not  less  than  five  years. 
Any  subscriber  will  be  at  liberty  to  withdraw  his 
name,  by  giving  notice  to  that  effect  within  one  month 
after  the  publication  of  any  fourth  part,  or  completed 
volume.  Three  hundred  copies  of  Part  I.  have  been 
printed,  but  the  number  of  the  future  parts  will  be 
limited  to  those  subscribed  for  within  the  next  three 
months. 

The  Surrey  Archceological  Society  propose  holding  the 
Inaugural  General  Meeting  of  the  Society  in  South- 
wark  early  in  the  month  of  February,  and  to  exhibit 
upon  the  occasion  a  collection  of  such  objects  of  anti- 
quarian interest  relating  to  Surrey  as  may  be  con- 
tributed for  that  purpose.  Parties  are  invited  to  favour 
the  Society  with  the  loan  of  such  objects. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED. —  A  Peep  at  the  Pixies,  or  Legends 
of  the  West,  by  Mrs.  Bray :  written  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  a  family  circle,  these  amusing  records  of  the 
doings  of  the  little  people  will  find  favour  with  all 
lovers  of  folk  lore.  —  Ada's  Thoughts,  or  the  Poetry  of 
Youth,  may  be  commended  for  its  natural,  simple,  yet 

elevated  tone Essay  on  Human  Happiness,  by  C.  B. 

Adderley,  M.P. ;  the  first  of  a  series  of  Great  Truths 
for  Thoughtful  Hours.  A  set  of  little  books  similar  in 
object  and  design  to  Pickering's  well-known  series  of 
Small  Boohs  on  Great  Subjects.  —  Beauties  of  Byron, 
Verse  and  Prose.  This  selection,  made  for  Murray's 
Railway  Reading,  will  be  acceptable  to  many  who 
would  object  to  place  the  collected  edition  of  the  noble 
bard's  writings  in  the  hands  of  the  younger  members 
of  their  family.  —  Speeches  on  Parliamentary  Reform,  by 
the  Right  Hon.  T.  B.  Macaulay.  This  new  number 
of  Longman's  Traveller's  Library  is  well-timed,  and 
very  acceptable. 


BOOKS  AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

AC  TAYLOR'S  PHYSICAL  THEOHY  OF  ANOTHER  LIFE. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to   be  sent,  to  Mu.  BELL,   Publisher    of    "  NOTES    AND 
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Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of   the  following  Books  to  be  sent 

direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 

names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

SANDYS'S  CHRISTMAS  CAROLS,  Ancient  and  Modern.    8vo.     1833. 
JUNIUS  DISCOVERED,  by  P.  T.     Published  about  1789. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  25.  Holy  well  Street,  Millbank,! 
Westminster. 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


GALLERY  OF  PORTRAITS.  Published  by  Charles  Knight,  under 
the  Superintendence  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful 
Knowledge.  No.  XLI1I.  (December,  1835),  containing  Adam 
Smith,  Calvin,  Mansfield. 

Wanted  by  Charles  Forbes,  3.  Elm  Court,  Temple. 


BRISTOL  DROLLERY.    1674. 
HOLBORN  DROLLERY.     1673. 
HICKS'S  GRAMMATICAL  DROLLERY. 
OXFORD  JESTS. 
CAMBRIDGE  JESTS. 


1682. 


Wanted  by  C.  S.,  12.  Gloucester  Green,  Oxford. 


MUDIE'S  BRITISH  BIRDS.    Bohn.     1841.    2nd  Volume. 
WAVERLEY.    1st  Edition. 

Wanted  by  F.  R.  Sowerby,  Halifax. 


to 


Among  other  interesting  communications  intended  for  our 
present  Number,  but  which  we  have  been  compelled  by  want  of 
space  to  postpone  until  next  week,  are  MR.  GUTCH'S  Paper  on 
Griffin  and  his  Fidessa,  MR.  D'ALTON'S  on  James  II.  's  Irish 
Army  List,  and  DR.  DIAMOND'*  on  The  Advantages  of  Small 
Photographs. 


CESTRIENSIS.  We  have  a  letter  for  (his  Correspondent;  where 
shall  it  be  sent  f 

EIRIONNACH.  The  letter  for  this  Correspondent  has  been  for- 
warded. 

W.  J.  L.  The  Merry  Llyd  or  Hewid  has  already  formed  the 
subject  of  some  notices  in  our  columns:  see  Vol.  i.,  pp.  173.  315. ; 
Vol.  vi.,  p.  410.  We  should  be  glad  to  have  any  satisfactory  ex- 
planation of  the  origin  and  antiquity  of  the  custom. 

J.  E.  (Sampford)  is  informed  that  there  is  no  charge  for  the 
insertion  of  Queries,  S;c.  Will  he  oblige  us  by  describing  the  com- 
munications to  which  he  refers  ? 


F.  S.  A.,  who  asks  the  origin  of  tick, 
pp.  357.  409.  502. 


referred  to  Vol.  iii., 


IGNORANT.  The  Staffordshire  Knot  is  the  badge  or  cognizance 
of  the  Earls  of  Stafford ;  see  Vol.  viii.,  p.  454. 

J.  S.  A.  will  find  the  information  he  desires  respecting  the 
Extraordinary  North  Briton  in  a  valuable  communication  from 
MR.  CROSSLEY,  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  iii.,  p.  432. 

INDEX  TO  VOLUME  THE  EIGHTH.  —  This  is  in  a  very  forward 
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23 


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PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

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DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
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MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
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J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


ENNETT'S       MODEL 

(  ,  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
^IBITION .  No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
^ilver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
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London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  16,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
60  L'Uineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
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^BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
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VYLO- IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

_J\.  tographic  Establishments.  —  The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  Is.,  2s., 
and  3s.  6d.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdou  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

1  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
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Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
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123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAME- 
RAS. -OTTE WILL'S  REGISTERED 
DOUBLE-BODIED   FOLDING    CAMERA, 

is  superior  to  every  other  form  of  Camera, 
for  the  Photographic  Tourist,  from  its  capa- 
bility of  Elongation  or  Contraction  to  any 
Focal  Adjustment,  its  Portability,  and  its 
adaptation  for  taking  either  Views  or  Por- 
traits.—The  Trade  supplied. 

Every  Description  of  Camera,  or  Slides,  Tri- 
pod Stands,  Printing  Frames,  &c.,  may  be  ob- 
tained at  Ms  MANUFACTORY,  Charlotte 
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New  Inventions,  Models,  &c.,made  to  order 
or  from  Drawings. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO, 

JL  DION.-  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO. ,  Chemists , 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
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equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half  tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  1*.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHY. 

COMPLETE  SET  OF  AP- 
PARATUS for  41. 4s.,   containing  an 

xpanding  Camera,  with  warranted  Double 
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LANDSCAPE   LENSES,  with   Rack  Ad-    i 
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A  GUIDE  to  the  Practice  of  this  interesting   ; 
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French  Polished  MAHOGANY  STEREO- 
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STEREOSCOPIC  PICTURES  for  the  same 
in  Daguerreotype,  Calotype,  or  Albumen,  at  , 
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Beautifully  finished  ACHROMATIC   MI- 
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strument AVarehouse,  244.  High  Holborn  (op- 
posite Day  &  Martin's). 


Important  Sale  of  Rare  Books,  Books  of  Prints 
and  Illuminated  Manuscripts. 

"MESSRS.  S.  LEIGH  SOTHEBY 

111  &  JOHN  WILKINSON,  Auctioneers 
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Voyages  by  Nodier,  Taylor,  and  De  Cailleux  ; 
Barker,  Webb  et  Berthelot,  Histoire  Naturelle 
des  lies  Canaries,  a  magnificent  work,  in  10 
vols.  with  exquisitely  coloured  plates  ;  Algerie, 
Historique,  Pittoresque  et  Monumentale, 
5  vols.  in  3 ;  Le  Vaillant,  Histoire  Naturelle 
des  Oiseaux,  on  vellum  paper,  the  plates  beau- 
tifully coloured,  3  vols.  ;  Melling,  Voyage 
Pittoresque  de  Constantinople,  2  vols.  in  1  ; 
Montfaucon,  Antiquite  Expliqute,  avec  Sup- 
ple"ment  et  les  Monumens  de  la  Monarchic 
FranSoise,  20  vols.,  a  most  beautiful  copy,  in 
morocco,  of  the  best  edition,  on  large  paper  ; 
Sebse  Rerum  Naturalium  Thesaurus,  4  vols., 
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morocco  ;  Museum  Worsleyanum,  2  vols.,  on 
large  paper  ;  Shaw,  Illuminated  Ornaments, 
on  large  paper,  the  plates  exquisitely  illu- 
minated in  gold  and  colours  ;  Beroalde  de 
Verville,  Le  Moyen  de  Parvenir,  a  very  fine 
copy  of  the  rarest  Elzevir  edition  ;  Cieza, 
Historic  del  Peru,  1560-64,  rare  ;  Boccaccio,  II 
Decamerone,  Ven.  1492,  extremely  rare  ;  Con- 
solat  dels  Fets  Maritime,  very  rare  ;  Denyaldi, 
Rollo  Northmanno-Britannicus,  fine  copy, 
and  very  scarce  ;  Henninges.  Theatrum  Gene- 
alogicum,  4  vols.  in  5  ;  Le  Merre,  R.  cueil  des 
Notes  concernant  les  Affaires  du  Clerg£  de 
France,  13  vols.,  a  beautiful  copy  ;  Mandeville, 
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Hispani  Oratio,  very  rare  ;  Rare  Works  re- 
lating to  England  ;  Books  of  Emblems ;  A 
curious  and  interesting  Volume  in  German, 
giving  an  Account  of  the  Crusades  against  the 
Turks  by  the  Christians,  printed  byBamler, 
in  1482  ;  Some  highly  interesting  Historical 
and  other  Manuscripts  ;  Finely  illuminated 
Horaj  and  Missals  ;  and  an  interesting  Frag- 
ment in  the  Autograph  of  Rousseau. 

To  be  viewed  Two  Days  prior,  and  Cata- 
logues had  ;  forwarded  Free  on  receipt  of  Six 
Postage  Stamps, 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 

1  PURE  CHE- 


KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the.  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  219. 


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CONTENTS. 

.NOTES  :  _  Page 

Griffin's  "Fidessa,"    and    Shakspeare's 

"  Passionate  Pilgrim"     -  -  -27 

Caps  at  Cambridge  -  -  -  -    27 

Letters  of  Eminent  Literary  Men,  by 

Sir  Henry  Ellis      -  -  -  -    28 

Newspaper  Folk  Lore         -          -          -    29 
King  James's  Irish  Army  List  of  1689-90, 

by  John  D'Alton  -  -  -  -  30 
MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Authors  and  Publishers 
—Inscriptions  on  old  Pulpits  —  Recent 
Curiosities  of  Literature—  Assuming 
Names  —  False  Dates  in  \Vater-inarks 
of  Papers  .....  31 

'QUERIES  !  — 

Ca  plain  Farre  -  -  -  -  32 

Marriage  Ceremony  in  the  Fourteenth 

Century      -          -  -          -          -  33 

Manuscript  Catena  -          -          -          -  33 

MINOR  QUERIES  ;  —  Jews  and  Egyptians 
—  Skin-flint  -  Garlic  Sunday—  Custom 
of  the  Corporation  of  London  —  G  na- 
ral  Stokes—  Rev.  Philip  Morant—  The 
"Position  of  Suffragan  Bishops  in  Con- 
vocation —  Cambridge  Mathematical 
Questions  —  Crabbe  MSS.  —  Tilly,  an 
Officer  of  the  Courts  at  Westminster  — 
Mr.  Gye  —  Three  Fleurs-de-Ly  a  —  The 
Commons  of  Ireland  previous  to  the 
Union  i  n  1  801  —  "  Al  1  Holyday  at  Peck- 
ham  "  —  Arthur  de  Vere  —  Master  of 
the  Nails—  Nattochiis  and  Calehanti  — 
•"  Ned  o'  the  Todding  "  -  -  -  34 

MINOR  QCFRIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Bridget  Cromwell  and  Fleetwood  — 
Culet  .....  36 


The  Asteroids  or  recently  discovered 
Lesser  Planets,  by  the  Rev.  H.  Walter  36 

Emblematic  Meanings  of  Precious  Stoi  es 
—  Planets  of  the  Months  symbolised  by 
Precious  Stones,  by  W.  Pinkerton  -  37 

Non-recurring  Diseases      - 


Milton's  Widow,  by  J.  F.  Marsh  -  - 

Table-turning,  by  J.  Macray        -  - 

Celtic  Etymology     -          -          -          - 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  The 
Calotype  Process  :  curling  up  of  Paper 

—  Turner's  Paper  —A  Practical  Photo- 
graphic Query       -          -          -          - 

IREPLiKS  TO  MINOR  QOERIES  :  —  "Service 
is  no  Inheritance"  —  Francis  Browne 

—  Catholic  Bible  S  >ciety  _  Legal  Cus- 
toms —  Silo  —  Laurie   on   Finance  _ 
David's  Mother  —  Anagram  —  Passage 
,in  Sophocles  -B.L.M.-"  The  For- 
lorn  Hope  "  —  Two  Brothers  of   the 
snme    Christian    Name  —  Passage    in 
Watson—  Derivation  of  "  Mammet  "— 
Ampers  and  -Misapplication  of  Terms 

—  Belle  Sanvage  —  Arms  of  Geneva  — 
Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments"  — 

Richard  I.  —Lord  Clarendon  and  the 
Tnbwoman  —  Oaths  _  Double  Chris- 
tian Names—  Chip  in  Porridge—  Cla- 
rence Dukedom  —  Prospectuses,  &c.  - 


31  JSCELLANEOT'S  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  Jfec.  - 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted 
.Notices  to  Correspondents          - 


VOL.  IX.— No.  220. 


.  45 
-  46 
-45 


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[No.  220. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


27 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  14,  1854. 


GRIFFIN'S  "  FID  ESS  A,"   AND  SIIAKSPEARE'S   "  PAS- 
SIONATE PILGRIM." 

I  am  the  fortunate  possessor  of  a  thin  volume, 
entitled  Fidessa,  «  Collection  of  Sonnets,  by 
B.  Griffin,  reprinted  1811,  from  the  edition  of 
1596,  at  the  Chiswick  Press;  I  presume,  by  the 
monogram  at  the  end,  by  Mr.  S.  W.  Singer. 

The  title  of  the  original  edition  is  Fidessa,  more 
Chaste  then  Kinde,  by  B.  Griffin,  Gent,  at  London, 
printed  by  the  Widdow  Orwin,  for  Matthew 
Lownes,  1596. 

The  advertisement  prefixed  by  Mr.  Singer  to 
the  reprint  states,  that  the  original  is  one  of  the 
rarest  of  those  that  appeared  at  the  period  in  which 
it  is  dated  ;  that  he  is  not  aware  of  the  existence 
of  more  than  two  copies,  from  one  of  which  the 
reprint  is  taken,  and  that  the  other  was  in  the 
curious  collection  of  the  late  Mr.  Malone. 

Besides  the  rarity  of  Fidessa,  Mr.  Singer  states 
that  it  claims  some  notice  from  the  curious  reader 
on  account  of  a  very  sti  iking  resemblance  between 
Griffin's  third  sonnet,  and  one  of  Shakspeare's,  in 
his  Passionate  Pilgrim  (Sonnet  ix.). 

I  will   transcribe  both  sonnets,  taking  Griffin's 
first,  as  it  bears  the  earliest  date. 
"  Venus,  and  yong  Adonis  sitting  by  her, 

Under  a  myrtle  shade  began  to  woo  him  : 
She  told  the  yong-ling  how  god  Mars  did  trie  her, 

And  as  he  fell  to  her,  so  fell  she  to  him. 
4  Even  thus,'  quoth  she,  'the  wanton  god  embrac'd 

me,' 

And  then  she  clasp'd  Adonis  in  her  armes. 
'Even  thus,'   quoth   she,   'the  warlike  god  unlac'd 

me,' 

As  if  the  boy  should  use  like  loving  charms. 
But  lie,  a  wayward  boy,  refusde  her  offer, 

And  ran  away,  the  beautious  Queene  neglecting: 
Showing  both  tolly  to  abuse  her  proffer, 
A  nil  all  his  sex  of  cowardise  detecting. 
Oh  !  that  I  had  my  mistris  at  that  bay, 
To  kisse  and  clippe  me  till  I  ranne  away  !" 

Sonnet  in.,  from  Fidessa. 
41  Fair*  Venus,  with  Adonis  sitting  by  her, 

Under  a  myrtle  shade,  began  to  woo  him  ; 
She  told  the  youngling  how  god  Mars  did  try  her, 

And  as  he  fell  to  her,  she  fell  to  him. 
4  Even  thus,'  quoth  she,  4  the  warlike  god  embrac'd 

me,' 

And  then  she  clipp'd  Adonis  in  her  arms  : 
4  Even   thus,'   quoth  she,   '  the  warlike  god  unlac'c 

me,' 
As  if  the  hoy  should  use  like  loving  charms : 


*   The  early  copies  read  "  Venus,  with  Adonis  sitting 
by  her ;  "  the  defective  word  was  added  at  Dr.  Farmer' 
suggestion.      Had  he  seen  a  copy  of  Fidessa,  the  tru 
reading  might  perhaps  have  been  restored.  (Note  by 
Mr.  Singer.) 


«  Even  thus,'  quoth  she,  'he  seized  on  my  lips,' 
And  with  her  lips  on  his  did  act  the  seizure  ; 

And  as  she  fetched  breath,  away  he  skips, 

And  would  not  take  her  meaning  nor  her  pleasure. 

Ah  !  that  I  had  my  lady  at  this  bay, 

To  kiss  and  clip  me  till  I  run  away  !" 

Sonnet  ix.,  from  Shakspeare's  Passionate  Pilgrim. 

That  the  insertion  of  Griffin's  sonnet  in  the  Pas- 
ionate  Pilgrim  was  without  Shakspeare's  consent 
>r  knowledge,  is  in  my  opinion  evident  for  many 
•easons. 

I  have  long  been  convinced  that  the  Passionate 
Pilgrim  was  published  surreptitiously ;  and  al- 
though it  bears  Shakspeare's  name,  the  sonnets 
and  ballads  of  which  it  is  composed  were  several 
of  them  taken  from  his  dramas,  and  added  to  by 
selections  from  the  poems  of  his  cotemporaries, 
Raleigh,  Marlow,  and  others  ;  that  it  was  a  book- 
seller's job,  made  up  for  sale  by  the  publisher, 
W.  Jaggard. 

No  one  can  believe  that  Shakspeare  would  have 
been  guilty  of  such  a  gross  plagiarism.  Griffin's 
Fidessa  bears  date  1596  :  the  first  known  edi- 
tion of  the  Passionate  Pilgrim  was  printed  for 
W.  Jaggard,  1599.  It  has  no  dedication  to  any 
patron,  similar  to  Shakspeare's  other  poems,  the 
Venus  and  Adonis,  the  Rape  of  Lucre ce,  and  the 
Sonnets;  and  why  it  bears  the  title  of  the  Pas- 
sionate- Pilgrim  no  one  has  ascertained. 

But  I  am  losing  sight  of  the  object  I  had  in 
view  when  I  took  up  my  pen,  which  was,  through 
the  medium  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  to  request  any  of  its 
readers  to  furnish  me  with  any  particulars  of 
B.  Griffin,  the  author  of  Fidessa. 

Mr.  Singer  supposes  him  to  have  been  of  a 
Worcestershire  family  :  as  he  addresses  his  "  poore 
pamphlet"  for  patronage  to  the  gentlemen  of  the 
Innes  of  Court,  he  might  probably  have  been  bred 
to  the  law. 

Perhaps  your  correspondents  CUTHBERT  BEDE, 
or  MR.  NOAKE,  the  Worcestershire  rambler,  might 
in  their  researches  into  vestry  registers  and  parish 
documents,  find  some  notice  of  the  family.  I  am 
informed  there  was  a  gentleman  of  the  name 
resident  in  our  college  precincts  early  in  the 
present  century,  that  he  was  learned  and  respected, 
but  very  eccentric.  J.  M.  G. 

Worcester. 


CAPS    AT    CAMBRIDGE. 

At  the  congregation  in  the  Senate  House  at 
Cambridge,  Nov.  23,  presided  over  by  the  Prince 
Chancellor,  it  was  observed  that  the  undergra- 
duates in  the  galleries  (for  want  I  suppose  of  an 
obnoxious  Vice-Chancellor  or  Proctor  upon  whom 
to  vent  their  indignation)  poured  it  forth  in  yells 
and  groans  upon  those  members  of  the  senate  who 
kept  on  their  hats  or  caps.  The  same  has  been 
done  on  several  former  occasions.  It  probably 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


arises  from  a  mistake,  in  ascribing  to  the  gaucherie 
of  individuals  what  is  really  the  observance  of  a 
very  ancient  custom.  The  following  extract,  from 
an  unpublished  MS.  of  the  middle  (I  think)  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  in  which  the  custom  is 
incidentally  noticed,  will  serve  for  a  confirmation 
of  what  I  say  : 

"  When  I  was  regent,  the  whole  house  of  congre- 
gation joyncd  together  in  a  petition  to  the  Earle  of 
Pembroke  to  restore  unto  us  the  jus  pileorum,  the 
licence  of  putting  on  our  cappes  at  our  publicke  meet- 
ings ;  which  priviledge  time  and  the  tyrannic  of  our 
vicechancellours  had  taken  from  us.  Amongst  other 
motives,  we  use  the  solemne  forme  of  creating  a  Mr  in 
the  Acte  by  putting  on  his  cappe,  and  that  that  signe 
of  libertie  might  distinguish  us  which  were  the  Regents 
from  those  boyes  which  wee  were  to  governe,  which 
request  he  graciouslie  granted." 

This  was  written  by  an  M.A.  of  Oxford.  At 
Cambridge  we  have  not  hitherto  had  such  haughty 
despots  in  authority,  to  trample  upon  our  rights ; 
but  we  seem  to  be  in  danger  of  losing  our  jus  pile.- 
orum  through  "the  tyrannic,"  not  of  our  Vice- 
Chancellors,  but  "  of  those  boyes  which  wee  are 
to  governe."  A  REGENT  M.A.  OF  CAMBRIDGE. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 


LETTERS    OF    EMINENT    LITERARY    MEN. 

(Continued  from  p.  8.) 
IV. 

Dr.  John  Ward,  Professor  of  GresJiarn  College,  to 
Dr.  Gary,  Bishop  of  Clonfert. 

[MS.  Donat.,  Brit.  Mus.,  6226,  p.  16.] 

My  Lord, 

While  there  was  any  expectation  of  your  Lord- 
ship's speedy  return  to  England,  I  forbore  to  con- 
gratulate you  on  your  late  promotion.  For  though 
none  of  your  friends  could  more  truly  rejoice  at 
this  news  than  I  did,  both  on  your  own  account, 
and  that  of  the  public  ;  yet  in  the  number  of  com- 
pliments which  I  was  sensible  you  must  receive  on 
that  occasion,  I  chose  rather  to  be  silent  for  fear 
of  being  troublesome.  But  as  I  find  it  is  now- 
uncertain,  when  your  affairs  may  permit  of  your 
return  hither,  I  could  not  omit  this  opportunity 
by  your  good  Lady  to  express  my  hearty  congra- 
tulation upon  the  due  regard  shown  by  the  Govern- 
ment to  your  just  merit ;  and  shall  think  it  an 
honour  to  be  continued  in  your  esteem  as  ultimus 
amicorum.  fc» 

I  doubt  not  but*  your  Lordship  has  seen  Mr. 
Horsley's  Britannia  Romano,  advertised  in  some  of 
our  public  Papers ;  but  I  know  not  whether  you 
have  heard  that  the  author  died  soon  after  he  had 
finished  the  work,  before  its  publication.  When  it 
was  hoped  that  the  credit  of  this  book  might  have 
been  of  some  service  to  him  and  his  large  family, 


he  was  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  taken  off  by 
an  Apoplexy.  Such  is  the  uncertainty  of  all 
human  affairs.  That  your  Lordship  may  be  long 
preserved  in  your  high  station  for  the  good  of  the 
Protestant  Religion,  and  the  support  of  public 
liberty,  are  the  sincere  wishes  of, 

My  Lord, 
Your  Lordship's  obed*  Serv*. 

JOHN  WARD. 
Gresham  College, 
April  24,  1732. 

V. 

Mr.  Michael  Mattaire  to  the  Earl  of  Oxford. 

1736,  Oct.  21.      Orange  Street. 
My  Lord, 

After  my  most  humble  thanks  for  the  continu- 
ation of  Westminster  Elections'  you  was  so  kind 
as  to  give  me,  I  must  acquit  myself  of  my  promise  ; 
and  therefore  I  herewith  send  your  Lordship  a 
copy  transcrib'd  exactly  from  the  MS.  given  me 
by  Dr.  South  himself  of  his  verses  upon  West- 
minster School,  with  his  name,  and  the  year  sub- 
scribed at  bottom.  They  were  indeed  publish'd 
among  his  Opera  Posthuma  Latina  Anon.  1717,  by 
Curl,  after  his  impudent  way  of  dealing  with  dead 
authors'  works ;  and  sometimes  also  with  those  of 
the  living. 

Curl's  printed  copy  differs  from  the  MS.  in  these 
following  places : 

Curl  MS. 

Vers.    5.   Multum.  Late. 

16.  Et.  dum. 

21.  ubi  regnat.  quod  regnet. 

23.  aemula.  scmula,  but  over  it  ardua. 

25.  dirigit.  digerit. 

26.  nitent.  micant. 

29.  studiosae.  studiosa. 

30.  ilia.  ipsa. 
33.  lumen.  Lucem. 

Your  Lordship  by  this  may  see  how  much  this 
sawcy  fellow  has  abused  this  learned  man's  fine 
copy  of  verses ;  and  how  justly  he  deserved  the 
correction  which  was  inflicted  on  him  at  that 
school. 

By  the  tenth  Distich  it  appears  that  the  School 
(containing  then  Tercentum  juvenes)  was  managed 
by  three  Masters  onely  :  and,  for  aught  we  know, 
might  flourish  pretty  well,  though  it  had  not  twice 
that  number. 

Give  me  leave,  my  Lord,  to  subscribe  myself 
with  profound  respect, 

Your  Honor/1  s 

most  oblig'd,  most  obedient, 
and  most  humble  Serv*. 

M.  MAITTAIRE. 

"IN  INCLYTAM  SCHOLAM  REGIAM  WESTMONASTERIENSEM. 

Reginne  funclata  manu,  Regina  scholarum  ; 
Quam  Virgo  extruxit,  Musaq;  Virgo  colit. 


JAN.  H.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


Inconfusa  Babel,  linguis  et  mole  superba  j 

Celsior  et  fama,  quam  fuit  ilia  situ. 
Gentibus  et  linguis  late  celebrata  ;  tacere 

De  qua  nulla  potest,  nee  satis  ulla  loqui. 
Opprobria  exuperans,  pariterq;   encomia  :   Linguis 

Et  tot  laudari  digna,  quot  ipsa  doces. 
Haebranis  Graecusq;  uno  cernuntur  in  Anglo  ; 

Qui  puer  hue  Anglus  venerat  exit  Arabs. 
Tercentum  hie  florent  juvenes  :   mihi  mira  videtur 

Tarn  numerosa  simul,  tam  quoque  docta  cohors, 
Sic  numero  bonitas,  numerus  bonitate  relucet  j 

Ut  Stellas  pariter  lux  numerusq;  decet. 
Arte  senes,  annis  pueros  mirabitur  hospes  ; 

Dtim  stupet,  in  pueris  nil  puerile  videns. 
Consurgit,  crescitq;  puer,  velut  Hydra  sub  ictu; 

Florescitq;  suis  saspe  rigatus  aquis. 
Stat  regimen  triplici  fasces  moderante  magistro  ; 

Doctaq;  Musarum  regna  Triumvir  habet. 
Scilicet  has  inter  sedes  quod  regnet  Apollo, 

Optime  Apollineus  comprobat  ille  Tripos. 

ardua 
Sic  super  invidiam  sese  effert  asmula  ;  nullis 

Invida,  sed  cunctis  invidiosa  scholis. 
Inde  in  septenas  se  digerit  ordine  classes; 

Disposit^,  septem,  qua?  velut  Astrae,  mi  cant. 
Discit  et  Authores  propria  inter  mcenia  natos  ; 

Et  generosa  libros,  quos  legit,  ipsa  parit. 
Instar  Araneolai  Studiosa  has  exhibet  artes; 

Quas  de  visceribus  texuit  ipsa  suis. 
Literulas  docet  hie  idem  Preceptor  et  Author, 

Idem  discipulis  Bibliotheca  suis. 
Accipit  hie  lucem,  non  ultra  caecus,  Homerus  : 

Hue  vcnit  a  Scythicis  Naso  reversus  agris. 
Utraq;  divitijs  nostris  Academia  crescit  ; 

Hajc  Schola  ad  implendas  sufficit  una  duas. 
Sic  Fons  exiguus  binos  excurrit  in  Amnes  : 

Parnassi  geminus  sic  quoque  surgit  Apex. 
Huic  collata  igitur,  quantum  ipsa  Academia  prccstat  : 

Die,  precor  ;   Ha?c  doctos  accipit,  Ilia  facit. 

ROB.  SOUTH. 
Ann.  Dom.  1652, 

aut  1653." 
[MS.  Harl.  7025,  fols.  184,  185.] 

VI. 

The  Earl  of  Orrery   to    Mr.,   afterwards  Dr. 
Thomas  Birch. 


[Addit.  MS.,  Brit.  Mus.,  4303,  Art.  147. 

Caledon,  Sept.  21,  1748. 
Dear  Sir, 

It  either  is,  or  seems  to  be,  a  long  time  since  I 
heard  from  you.  Perhaps  you  are  writing  the 
very  same  sentence  to  me  ;  but  as  the  loss  is  on 
my  side,  you  must  give  me  leave  to  complain. 

This  summer  has  passed  away  in  great  idleness 
and  feasting  :  so  that  I  have  scarce  looked  into  a 
book  of  any  sort.  Mrs.  Pilkington  and  Con. 
Philips,  however,  have  not  escaped  me.  I  was 
obliged  to  read  them  to  adapt  myself  to  the  con- 
versation of  my  neighbours,  who  have  talked  upon 
no  other  topic,  notwithstanding  the  more  glorious 
subjects  of  Peace,  and  LordAnson's  voyage.  The 


truth  is,  we  are  better  acquainted  with  the  stile  of 
Con.  and  Pilky,  than  with  the  hard  names  and 
distant  places  that  are  mentioned  in  the  Voyage 
round  the  World. 

I  have  not  peeped  into  the  Anti-Lucretius :  it 
is  arrived  at  Caledon,  and  reserved  for  the  longest 
evenings.  Carte's  voluminous  History  is  weighing 
down  one  of  my  shelves.  He  likewise  is  postponed 
to  bad  weather,  or  a  fit  of  the  gout.  Last  week 
brought  us  the  first  Number  of  Con's  second 
volume.  She  goes  on  triumphantly,  and  is  very 
entertaining.  Her  sister  Pilkington  is  not  so  for- 
tunate. She  has  squandered  away  the  money  she 
gained  by  her  first  volume,  and  cannot  print  her 
second.  But  from  you,  I  hope  to  hear  of  books  of 
another  sort.  A  thin  quarto  named  Louthiana  is 
most  delicately  printed,  and  the  cuts  admirably 
engraved  :  and  yet  we  think  the  County  of  Louth 
the  most  devoid  of  Antiquities  of  any  County  in 
Ireland.  The  County  of  Corke  is,  I  believe,  in 
the  press  ;  and  I  am  told  it  will  be  well  executed. 
I  have  seen  the  County  of  Waterford,  and  approve 
of  it  very  much.  These  kind  of  Books  are  owing 
to  an  Historical  Society  formed  at  Dublin,  and  of 
great  use  to  this  kingdom,  which  is  improving  in 
all  Arts  and  Sciences  very  fast :  tho'  I  own  to  you, 
the  cheapness  of  French  Claret  is  not  likely  to 
add  much  at  present  to  the  encrease  of  literature. 
If  all  true  Hibernians  could  bring  themselves  to  be 
of  your  opinion  and  Pindar's,  the  glorious  memory 
of  King  William  might  keep  the  head  cool,  and 
still  warm  the  heart ;  but,  alas,  it  sets  both  on  fire : 
and  till  these  violent  fits  of  bacchanalian  loyalty 
are  banished  from  our  great  tables,  I  doubt  few 
of  us  shall  ever  rise  higher  in  our  reading  than 
the  Memoirs  of  that  kind  I  first  mentioned. 

I  am,  Dear  Sir,  and  so  is  all  my  family,  truly 

Yours, 

ORRERY. 
To  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  Birch, 

at  his  House  in 

Norfolk  Street, 

London. 

Free  (Boyle). 


NEWSPAPER   FOLK   LORE. 

The  following  paragraph  is  now  going  the  round 
of  the  newspapers  without  reference  to  the  source 
of  information.  I  copy  it  from  the  Morning 
Chronicle  of  Friday,  December  9. 

"  Escape  of  a  Snake  from  a  Man's  Mouth.  —  An  ex- 
traordinary circumstance  occurred  a  few  days  ago  to 
Jonathan  Smith,  gunner's  mate,  who  was  paid  off  at 
Portsmouth  on  the  6th  of  May  last,  from  her  Majesty's 
ship  Hastings,  72  guns,  on  her  return  to  England  from 
the  East  Indies.  He  obtained  six  weeks'  leave.  On 
the  expiration  of  that  time,  after  seeing  his  friends  at 
Chatham,  he  joined  the  Excellent,  gunnery-ship  at 
Portsmouth.  After  some  time  he  was  taken  unwell, 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  220. 


his  illm-ss  increased,  and  he  exhibited  a  swelling  in  his 
stomach  and  limbs.  The  surgeon  considering  that  it 
arose  from  dropsy,  he  was  removed  into  Haslar  Hos- 
pital, and  after  much  painful  suffering,  although  he  had 
every  attention  paid  to  him  by  the  medical  officers  of 
the  establishment,  he  died.  Two  hours  before  his 
death  a  living  snake,  nine  inches  in  length,  came  out  of 
his  mouth,  causing  considerable  surprise.  How  the 
reptile  got  into  his  stomach  is  a  mystery.  It  is  sup- 
posed that  the  deceased  must  have  swallowed  the 
reptile  when  it  was  young,  drinking  water  when  the 
Hastings  was  out  in  India,  as  the  ship  laid  for  some 
time  at  Trincomalee,  and  close  to  a  small  island  called 
Snake  Island.  The  crew  used  very  often  to  find  snakes 
on  board.  The  way  they  used  to  get  into  the  ship  was 
by  the  cable,  and  through  the  hawsers  into  the  fore- 
castle. The  deceased  was  forty  years  of  age.  He  was 
interred  in  Kingston  churchyard.  His  remains  were 
followed  to  the  grave  by  the  ship's  company  of  the 
Excellent." 

The  proverbial  wisdom  of  the  serpent  is  here 
clearly  exemplified.  It  lias  long  been  well  known 
among  sailors  that  rats  have  the  sense  to  change 
their  quarters  when  a  vessel  becomes  cranky ; 
whence  I  believe  arises  the  epithet  "  rat,"  which 
is  sometimes  scurrilously  applied  to  a  politic  man 
who  removes  to  the  opposition  benches  when  he 
perceives  symptoms  of  dissolution  in  tl*e  ministry. 
The  snake,  in  the  simple  narrative  above  quoted, 
was  evidently  guided  by  some  such  prudential 
motive  when  he  quitted  the  stomach  of  the  dying 
sailor,  which  could  not  continue  for  any  great 
length  of  time  to  afford  protection  and  support  to 
the  cunning  reptile. 

I  have  an  amiable  friend  who  habitually  swallows 
with  avidity  the  tales  of  sea-serpents  which  are 
periodically  imported  into  this  country  on  American 
bottoms,  and  I  have  sufficient  credulity  myself  to 
receive,  without 'strict  examination  into  evidence, 
the  account  of  the  swarming  of  the  snakes  up  the 
cables  into  a  ship  ;  but  I  cannot  so  readily  believe 
that  "  considerable  surprise "  was  caused  in  the 
mind  of  any  rational  biped  by  the  fact  that  a 
living  snake,  which  had  attained  to  the  length  of 
nine  inches,  took  the  very  natural  precaution  to 
come  out  of  a  dying  man's  mouth. 

How  the  reptile  got  into  his  stomach  is  a 
mystery  which  the  newspaper  writer  lias  attempted 
to  clear  up,  but  he  has  not  attempted  to  explain 
how  the  reptile  managed  to  live  during  many 
months  in  so  unusual  a  habitation  as  a  man's 
stomach. 

Some  obliging  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  will 
perhaps  have  the  kindness  to  explain  this  remark- 
able fact  in  natural  history.  A  LONDONER. 


KING    JAMES  S    IRISH    ARMY    LIST    OP    1689-90. 

In  last  September  I  undertook  a  literary  pro- 
ject, which  I  think  could  be  greatly  aided  through 
the  medium  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  as  there  'are  few  families 
in  the  empire  that  are  not  connected  with  its  de- 
tails, and  who  might  therefore  be  expected  to  feel 
interested  in  them.  The  project  I  allude  to  is  a 
publication  of  King  James's  Irish  Army  List  of 
1689.-90.  King  I  must  call  him  in  reference  to 
that  list.  Those  that  appear  upon  it  were  many 
his  creedmen,  and  all  his  devoted  adherents.  The 
list,  of  which  I  have  a  copy  in  MS.,  extends  over 
thirty-four  pages  octavo.  The  first  two  are  filled 
with  the  names  of  all  the  colonels  ;  the  four  en- 
suing are  rolls  of  the  regiments  of  horse  ;  the  four 
next,  of  the  dragoons;  and  the  remaining  twenty- 
four  record  the  foot :  each  regiment  being  ar- 
ranged, with  the  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
major  at  head,  and  the  captains,  lieutenants,  cor- 
nets or  ensigns,  and  quarter-masters,  in  columns, 
on  each  respectively.  To  every  regiment  I  pro- 
posed to  append  notices,  historic  and  genealogical, 
to  the  extent  of,  perhaps,  eight  hundred  pages  or 
more,  for  the  compilation  of  which  I  have  ample 
materials  in  my  own  MS.  collections.  These  no- 
tices I  propose  to  furnish  under  him  of  the  name 
who  ranks  highest  on  the  list ;  and  all  the  scat- 
tered officers  of  that  name  will  be  collected  in  that 
one  article. 

After  an  especial  and  full  notice  of  such  officer, 
to  whom  the  family  article  is  attach  jd,  his  parent- 
age, individual  achievements,  descendants,  &c., 
each  illustration  will  briefly  glance  at  the  gene- 
alogy of  that  family,  with,  if  an  Irish  sept,  its 
ancient  localities ;  if  an  English  or  Scotch,  the 
county  from  whence  it  branched,  and  the  period 
when  it  settled  here. 

I  would  next  identify  each  family,  so  illustrated, 
with  its  attainders  and  forfeitures  in  1641  ; 

With  the  great  Assembly  of  Confederate  Ca- 
tholics at  Kilkenny  in  1646  ; 

With  the  persons  denounced  by  name  in  Crom- 
well's ordinance  of  1652,  "for  settling  Ireland  ;" 

With  the  declaration  of  royal  gratitude  to  the 
Irish  exiles  who  served  King  Charles  II.  "in  parts 
beyond  the  seas,"  as  contained  in  the  Act  of  Ex- 
planation of  1665  ; 

With  (if  space  allowable)  those  advanced  by 
James  II.  to  civil  offices,  as  sheriffs,  &c.,  or  mem- 
bers of  his  new  corporations  ; 

With  those  who  represented  Irish  counties  or 
boroughs  in  the  Parliament  of  Dublin  in  1689  ; 

With  the  several  outlawries  and  confiscations  of 
1691,  &c.; 

With  the  claims  that  were  subsequently  (in 
1703)  preferred  as  charges  on  these  forfeitures, 
and  how  far  allowed  or  dismissed  ; 

And,  lastly,  as  far  as  attainable,  their  achieve- 
ments in  the  glorious  engagements  of  the  Spanish 
and  French  Brigades  : 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


31 


All  statements  throughout  being  verified  by 
authorities. 

Already  have  I  compiled  and  arranged  the  ma- 
terials for  illustrating  the  eight  regiments  of  horse 
upon  this  roll,  viz.  Tyrconnel's,  Galmoy's,  Sars- 
field's,  Abercom's,  Luttrell's,  Sutherland's,  Par- 
ker's, and  Purcell's  ;  a  portion  of  the  work  in 
which,  according  to  my  plan,  the  illustrations  will 
be  appropriated  to  the  families  of — 

Aylmer.  Lawless.  Prendergast. 

-  Barnewall.          Luttrell.  Purcel. 

Butler.  Matthews.  Redmond. 

Callaghan.          M'Donnell.          Rice. 

Cusack.  M'Namara.          Roche. 

De  Courcy.         Meara.  Sarsfield. 

Dempsey.  Morris.  Sheldon. 

Everard.  Nagle.  Synnott. 

Gernon.  O'Sullivan.  Talbot. 

Hamilton.          O'Kelly.  £c.  &c. 

Kearney.  Plunket. 

And  this  section    (about   100  pages)  is    open  to 
inspection  on  appointment. 

The  above  is  but  a  tithe  of  the  surnames  whose 
genealogical  illustrations  I  propose  to  furnish. 
The  succeeding  portions  of  the  work,  comprising 
six.  regiments  of  Dragoons,  and  upwards  of  fifty 
of  Foot,  will  offer  for  notice,  besides  numerous 
septs  of  the  O's  and  Mac's,  the  Anglo-Irish  names 
of — 


Barry. 

Bellew. 

Bermingham. 

Burke. 

Cheevers. 

Cruise. 

D'Alton. 

Daly. 

D'Arcy. 

Dillon. 

Dowdall. 


Eustace. 

Fagan. 

Fitz  Gerald. 

Fitz  Maurice. 

Fitz  Patrick. 

Fleming. 

Grace. 

Keatinge. 

Lacy. 

Nangle. 

Netterville. 


Nugent. 
Power. 
Preston. 
Russell. 
Savage. 
Segrave. 
Taaffe. 
Trant. 
Tyrrel. 
Wogan. 
Cum  multis  aliis. 


My  inquiry  touching  Lord  Dover,  who  heads 
the  List,  has  heretofore  elicited  much  curious  in- 
formation ;  and  1  confide  that  all  who  can  afford 
literary  assistance  to  the  undertaking,  by  let- 
ters, inspection  of  documents,  or  otherwise,  will 
promptly  communicate  on  the  subject. 

JOHN  D'ALTON. 

48.  Summer  Hill,  Dublin. 


Authors  and  Publishers.  —  As  "  N.  &  Q."  is, 
I  believe,  much  read  by  booksellers  as  well  as 
authors,  would  not  both  parties  find  great  advan- 
tage by  the  latter  advertising  in  your  pages  the 
completion  and  wished-for  publication  of  any  work 
on  which  they  may  have  been  engaged  ?  Pub- 
lishers, in  this  way,  might  hear  of  works  which 


they  would  be  glad  to  bring  before  the  public,  and 
authors  be  spared  much  unnecessary  and  often 
useless  trouble  and  correspondence.  Authors,  I 
know,  may  feel  some  delicacy  in  coming  before  the 
world  in  this  manner  before  publication,  although 
after  that  rubicon  is  passed,  their  names  and  pro- 
ductions are  blazoned  on  all  the  winds  ;  but  as  a 
previous  announcement  in  "  N.  &  Q."  may  be 
made  anonymously,  as  respects  the  name  of  the 
writer,  although  not  of  course  as  regards  the  nature 
of  his  work,  there  seems  no  just  reason  why  honor- 
able and  beneficial  arrangements  may  not  be  made 
in  this  way  as  well  as  by  any  other.  To  nie  this 
plan  seems  to  offer  some'  advantages,  and  I  throw 
out  the  hint  for  the  consideration  of  all  whom  it 
may  concern.*  ALPHA. 

Inscriptions  on  old  Pulpits. —  "N.  &  Q."  has 
given  many  kinds  of  inscriptions,  from  those  on 
Fonts  and  Door-heads  down  to  those  on  Watch- 
papers  ;  perhaps,  therefore,  it  may  not  be  without 
its  use  or  interest  to  make  a  beginning  for  a  list 
of  inscriptions  on  old  pulpits.  The  first  inscrip- 
tion I  quote  is  from  Richard  Baxter's  pulpit,  of 
which  1  have  given  a  full  description  in  Vol.  v., 
p.  363. : 

1.  Kidderminster.     Baxter's  pulpit   (now  pre- 
served in  the  vestry  of  the   Unitarian  Chapel). 
On  the  panels  of  the  pulpit : 

"ALICE  .  DAWKX  ,  WIDOW  .  GAVE  .  THIS." 
On  the  front  of  the  preacher's  desk  : 

"  PRAISE  .  THE  .  LORD." 

Round  the  sounding-board : 

"  O    .    GIVE  .  THANKS  .  UNTO    .    THE    .    LORD'  .    AND    .  CALL 

UPOX   .    HIS  .    NAME  .  DECLARE  .  HIS  .    WORSHIP 

AMONG   .   THI  .  PEOPLE." 

At  the  back  of  the  pulpit : 

"ANNO  .  1621." 

2.  Suckley,  Worcestershire;  round  the  sound- 
ing-board (apparently  of  very  old  date)  : 

"BLESSED  .  ARE  .  THEY.  THAT  .  HEAR  .  THE  .  WORDE  .  or 

GOD  .  AND  .   KEEPE  .  IT." 

3.  Broadwas,  Worcestershire  ;  on  the  panels  : 

"  WILLIAM  .  NOXON  .  AND  .  ROGER  .  PRINCE  .  C  .  W  .   1632." 

Round  the  sounding-board,  the  same  text  as  at 
Suckley.  CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

Recent  Curiosities  of  Literature.  —  Thackeray, 
in  the  second  number  of  The  Newcomes,  describes 
an  old  lady's  death  as  being  caused  from  her  head 
having  been  cut  with  a  bed-room  candle.  N.  P. 
Willis,  in  his  Health  Trip  to  the  Tropics,  speaks 

[*  Any  assistance  which  we  can  afford  in  carrying 
out  this  suggestion,  which  we  may  remark  cotnes  from 
one  who  has  had  practical  experience  on  the  subject, 
we  shall  be  most  happy  to  render.  — 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


of  being  waited  on  by  a  Carib,  who  had  "  no  beard 
except  a  long  moustache."  Professor  Spalding, 
of  St.  Andrew's,  in  his  History  of  English  Litera- 
ture, says  that  the  sonnets  of  Wordsworth  "  have 
a  perfection  hardly  to  be  swpassed."  And  J. 
Stanyan  Bigg  (the  "new  poet"),  in  the  December 
number  of  Hogg's  Instructor,  exclaims  : 

•"The  winter  storms  come  rushing  round  the  wall, 
Like  him  who  at  Jerusalem  shriek'd  out  '  Wo  ! ' " 

CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

Assuming  Names.  —  Last  Term,  in  the  Court  of 
Exchequer,  application  was  made  by  counsel  to 
add  a  surname  to  the  name  of  an  attorney  on  the 
roll;  he  having  been  left  property  with  a  wish 
expressed  that  he  should  take  the  surname  in 
addition  to  his  own,  which  he  had  done,  but  not 
by  royal  license.  The  court  granted  the  applica- 
tion. (Law  Times,  vol.  xxii.  p.  123.)  ANON. 

False  Dates  in  Water-marks  of  Papers. — Lately, 
in  cutting  up  some  paper  for  photographic  pur- 
poses, I  found  in  one  and  the  same  quire  two 
sheets  without  any  mark,  two  of  the  date  1851, 
nine  bearing  the  date  1853,  and  the  remaining 
eleven  were  1854.  I  can  imagine  a  case  might 
occur  in  which  the  authenticity  of  a  document 
might  be  much  questioned  were  it  dated  1853, 
•when  the  paper  would  be  presumed  not  to  have 
been  made  until  a  year  afterwards.  I  think  this 
is  worth  making  a  note  of  not  only  by  lawyers, 
but  those  interested  in  historical  documents. 

H.  W.  D. 

Jan.  2,  1 854. 


duertal. 

CAPTAIN   FARRE. 

I  send  you  a  Note  and  a  Query  respecting  the 
fame  person.  Many  years  since,  I  passed  a  few 
days  in  one  of  the  wildest  spots  in  the  south  of 
England — Hawkley,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sel- 
bourne.  On  a  visit  to  the  church  of  Emshott  or 
Empshot,  I  heard  that  the  screen  had  been  pre- 
sented by  a  Captain  Farre,  whose  memory  was  in 
some  way  connected  with  the  days  of  the  republic  ; 
and  on  farther  inquiry  tradition,  it  appeared,  had 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  Farre  had  been  one 
of  the  regicides  who  had  retired  into  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  lived  and  died  there  in  a  sort  of 
concealment.  I  found  out,  also,  the  house  in  which 
be  had  lived :  a  pretty  modest  cottage,  in  which 
a  small  farmer  resided.  I  was  struck,  on  ap- 
proaching it,  by  the  beauty  of  the  brick- work  of 
the  little  porch,  which  appeared  to  have  been  an 
addition  to  the  original  building.  On  entering 
the  cottage,  I  found  that  the  kitchen  and  bed-room 
only  were  occupied  by  the  family  ;  the  one  room, 
which  had  been  the  sitting-room,  being  used  as  a 


granary.  The  ceiling  of  this  room  was  ponderous, 
with  a  deep  rich  sunken  panelling.  The  little 
porch-entrance  and  the  ceiling  of  this  room  were 
so  out  of  character  with  the  cottage,  and  indeed 
with  all  around,  that  I  caused  search  to  be  made 
in  the  Registers  of  the  parish  to  see  if  I  could 
find  some  trace  of  this  Captain  Farre ;  and  I  now 
eend  you  the  result.  There  was  no  regicide  of 
that  name ;  but  Col.  Phaer  was  one  of  those  to- 
whom  the  warrant  for  the  execution  of  Charles 
was  addressed  :  and  he  certainly  was  not  one  of 
the  twenty-nine  subsequently  tried  for  the  high 
treason  as  it  was  called.  What  became  of  him  I 
know  not.  Whether  he  reappeared  here  as  Capt. 
Farre,  or  who  Capt.  Farre  was,  I  shall  leave  to- 
the  speculation  of  the  better  informed.  There 
were  many  Farrs  and  Phaers  out  in  the  great 
Revolution,  and  the  name  is  sometimes  spelt  one 
way,  sometimes  the  other.  Empshot,  under  Nore 
Hill  or  Noah  Hill,  was  certainly  an  excellent  place 
for  concealment.  The  neighbourhood  was,  and  is,, 
as  White  said,  "  famous  for  its  oaks,  and  infamous 
for  its  roads." 

Extract*  from  the  Parish  Registers. 
"  Captaine   Farre  of  Nore,    when   our    church   was 
repaired,  gave  the  new  silke  cushion  and  pullpit  cloath, 
which  was  first  use^  on  Christmas  Day,  Anno  Domini: 
1664." 

"  1683,  Feb.  5.  Anne  Baker,  kinswoman  of  Capt. 
Farre,  was  buried,  and  that  very  day  the  moone  was 
new,  and  the  snow  thawed ;  and  the  frost  broke,  which 
had  lasted  from  Nov.  26,  1683,  to  that  day,  which  is 
1 0  weeks.  The  ponds  were  frozen  2  feet,  and  that  little 
water  which  was,  was  not  sweet ;  the  very  grave  wherein 
she  was  buried  in  the  church  was  froze  almost  2  feet 
over,  and  our  cattel  were  in  a  bad  case,  and  we  fared 
worse  :  and,  just  in  our  extremity,  God  had  pitty  on> 
us,  and  sent  a  gracious  raine  and  thaw.  She  was 
buried  in  linnen  ;  and  paid  50*.  to  the  poore,  and  6s.  8d. 
for  being  buried  in  the  church." 

"  1685,  April  1.  Mrs.  Farre  was  buried  in  linnen, 
and  pd  505.  to  the  poore." 

"1694.  John,  son  of  Mr.  John  Palmer  and  Eliza- 
beth his  wife,  was  born  Tuesday,  May  the  1st,  and 
baptized  at  home  May  the  llth;  ye  Captaine  died 
Thursday  last,  y*  day  before." 

"  An  Account  of  the  Briefe  for  the  Relief  of  the  French 
Protestants,  read  May  16th,  at  Newton,  1686. 

At  Noare  in  Newton. 

Capt.  Mr.  Robert  Farre  gave  1  lib.  for  himself,  and 
his  kinswoman  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Farre. 

His  man  Roger          -  Is. 

His  maid  Anna          -         -     6d." 

"  Gathered  towards  the  relief  of  the  French  Pro- 
testants, May  11,  1688  : 

Captain  Far  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Far,  5s." 

C.  F. 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


33 


MARRIAGE    CEREMONY   IN    THE    FOURTEENTH 
CENTURY. 

Will  some  one  of  your  correspondents  (learned 
in  such  matters)  refer  me  to  a  work  treating  of 
the  marriage  ceremony  as  performed  in  this 
country  during  the  fourteenth  century,  in  order 
to  the  explanation  of  the  following  passages,  which 
refer  to  an  event  in  English  history  —  the  mar- 
riage of  Edward  I.'s  daughter  with  the  Count  of 
Holland  ?  The  king's  writ  to  the  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don speaks  of  the  marriage  as  about  to  be  cele- 
brated on  the  day  after  the  Epiphany,  upon  which 
day  (as  shown  by  the  Wardrobe  Account)  the  ring 
•was  put  on ;  but  it  was  on  the  next  day  (the  8th) 
that  the  princess  "  desponi  fuit,"  as  shown  by  the 
same  account. 

In  Rymer's  Fcedera,  vol.  i.  p.  850.,  will  be  found 
a  writ  directed  to  the  Bishop  of  London  (and 
others)  as  follows  : 

"Quia  inter  Comitem  Holandiae  et  Elizabethan^ 
filiam  nostram  carissimam,  matrimonium  hac  proxima 
die  Lunse,  in  crastino  Epiphania,  apud  Gyppesivicura 
solempnizari  proponimus.  Domino  concedente,"  &c. 

In  the  Household  Book  of  King  Edward  I.  for 
the  same  year  (Add.  MS.  7965.)  will  be  found 
the  following  entries,  p.  6. : 

44  Oblat  p'ticipdt.  —  Terco  die  Januar  in  oblat  pti- 
cipatis  ad  Missam  celebratam  ad  magnu  altare  ecclla 
priorat'  bi  Pet  in  Gippewico  die  Nupciar  Alienore  de 
Burgo vij. 

"  Pro  Comitessa  Holland.  —  Eodem  die  (vij  Januar) 
in  denar  tarn  positis  sup  libru  qin  jactatis  iter  homines 
circumstantes  ad  hostium  in  introitu  ecclle  Magne  Pri- 
oratus  predci  ubi  comes  Hollandie  sub  ....  vit  D7iam 
Elizabethan,  filiam  Regit  cii  anulo  auri 1x5. 

"  Fratribus  predicatoribus  de  Gippewico  p  .  .  .  .  sua 
unius  diei  videltz  viij  diei  Januar  quo  die  D~na  Eliza- 
beth filia  R.  despons  fuit,  p  M.  de  Cauford,  xiijs.  iiijc/." 

R.C. 


MANUSCRIPT    CATENA. 

About  four  years  ago  I  purchased,  at  the  sale 
of  the  museum  of  Mr.  George  Bell  of  Whitehaven, 
a  folio  vellum  MS.  in  Latin,  written  apparently 
in  the  fourteenth  century  :  containing  a  Catena, 
or  a  series  of  notes  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Romans 
find  Corinthians,  selected  from  the  Fathers  of  the 
Church,  viz.  Origines,  Ambrosius,  Gregorius,  Je- 
ronimus,  Augustinus,  Cassianus,  Beda,  Lambertus, 
Lanfrancus,  Anselmus,  and  Ivo  Carnotensis.  As 
many  of  those  authors  were  English,  I  infer  that 
the  volume  was  compiled  in  England  for  some 
English  monastery. 

The  beginning  of  each  chapter  is  noted  on  the 
margin,  but  there  is  no  division  into  verses.  The 
sentences,  or  short  paragraphs  of  the  text,  are 
written  in  vermillion,  and  the  comments  upon  them 


in  black  :  those  comments  are  generally  taken  from 
one,  but  often  from  two  or  three  authors;  the  names 
of  each  being  stated.  There  are  large  handsome 
capitals  at  the  beginning  of  each  book,  and  the 
initials  to  the  paragraphs  are  distinguished  by  a 
spot  of  red,  but  there  are  no  illuminations.  Two 
leaves  have  been  cut  out  at  the  beginning  of  the 
volume ;  a  few  at  two  or  three  places  throughout 
the  volume,  and  at  the  end,  by  some  former  pos- 
sessor. As  the  style  of  binding  is  very  uncom- 
mon, I  will  describe  it.  It  was  bound  in  oak 
boards  of  half  an  inch  thick ;  the  sheets  were 
sewed  on  thongs  of  white  leather,  similar  to  what 
cart  harness  is  stitched  with.  Instead  of  the 
thongs  being  brought  over  the  back  edges  of  the 
boards  (as  in  modern  binding),  they  are  inserted 
into  mortices  in  the  edges  of  the  boards,  and  then 
laced  through  holes,  and  secured  with  glue  and 
wedges.  The  boards  were  covered  first  with  al- 
lumed  leather,  and  over  that  seal-skin  with  the  hair 
on.  The  board  at  the  beginning  of  the  book  had 
four  feet,  placed  near  the  corners,  of  nearly  an 
inch  in  height,  half  an  inch  in  diameter  at  the 
base,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  at  the  point. 
Each  was  cast  in  one  piece,  with  a  circular  base  of 
about  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in  diameter,  and  rising 
towards  the  centre  ;  and  they  were  each  fastened 
on  by  three  pins  or  nails.  The  board  at  the  end 
of  the  book  was  ornamented  with  four  circular 
brass  plates  about  the  size  of  a  halfpenny,  placed 
near  the  corners ;  having  in  the  centre  of  each  a 
stud,  the  head  of  which  represented  a  prominent 
close  flower  of  four  petals.  And  in  the  centre  of 
the  board,  there  had  been  a  stud  or  button,  on 
which  to  fasten  the  strap  from  the  other  board  to 
keep  the  book  shut.  Only  one  stud  and  one  foot 
remained ;  but  the  places  where  the  others  had 
been  were  easily  seen.  I  presume  that  the  volume 
was  meant  to  lie  on  a  lectern  or  reading-desk, 
resting  on  its  feet;  and  when  opened  out,  the 
other  board  rested  on  its  studs,  as  both  were  worn 
smooth  with  use. 

The  binding  being  loose,  and  the  cover  torn  to 
shreds  (part  of  which  was  held  on  by  the  stud), 
I  got  the  book  rebound  as  nearly  as  possible  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  first,  only  substituting 
Russia  leather  for  the  unsightly  seal-skin ;  and  the 
remaining  stud  and  foot  afforded  patterns,  from, 
which  others  were  cast  to  supply  the  places  of 
those  deficient. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  history  of  this  volume, 
except  that  it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Bell  from 
Alexander  Campbell,  a  bookseller  in  Carlisle.  I 
am  inclined  to  think,  that  it  had  belonged  to  some 
monastery  in  Cumberland ;  and  the  seal-shin  cover 
would  seem  to  indicate  Calder  Abbey  (which  is 
near  the  coast,  where  seals  might  be  caught)  as  its 
original  owner. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me,  from 
the  marks  which  I  have  given,  whether  this  is  a 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  220. 


copy  of  some  known  work  or  an  original  com- 
pilation ?  And  if  the  former,  state  where  the 
original  MS.  is  preserved  ;  and  if  printed,  the  par- 
ticulars of  the  edition  ? 

If  my  MS.  can  be  ascertained  to  have  formerly 
belonged  to  any  library  or  individual,  I  shall  be 
glad  to  learn  any  particulars  of  its  history. 

J.  M.  K. 

Sh  or  eh  am. 


iHtnar 

Jews  and  Egyptians.  —  Has  any  writer  ever 
started  the  idea  that  the  early  colonisers  of  some  of 
the  Grecian  states,  who  are  commonly  stated  to 
have  been  Egyptians,  may  have  been,  in  fact, 
Jews  ?  It  seems  to  me  that  a  good  deal  might  be 
said  in  favour  of  this  hypothesis,  for  the  following 
reasons,  amongst  others : 

1.  The  Egyptian  tradition  preserved  by  Heca- 
tceus,   and   quoted  from  him   by  Diodorus,   that 
Danaus    and    Cadmus    were    leaders    of    minor 
branches  of  the  great  emigration,  of  which  the 
main  body  departed  under  the  guidance  of  Moses. 

2.  The  near  coincidence  in  point  of  time,  as  far 
as  can  be  traced,  of  the  appearance  of  Danaus, 
Cadmus,  and  Cecrops,  in  Greece,  with  the  Jewish 
exodus. 

3.  The  letter,  preserved  by  Josephus,  of  Areus, 
king  of  Sparta,  to  the  high-priest  of  the  Jews, 
claiming  a  common  descent  with  the  latter  from 
Abraham,  and  proposing  an  alliance.   It  is  difficult 
to  explain  this  claim  on  any  other  supposition  than 
that  Areus  had  heard  of  the  tradition  mentioned 
by  Diodorus,  and,  as  he  and  his  people  traced 
their   descent    from    Danaus   through    Hercules, 
they  consequently  regarded  themselves  as  sprung 
from  a  common  stock  with  the  Hebrews. 

I  throw  out  this  theory  for  the  consideration 
of  others,  having  myself  neither  leisure  nor  oppor- 
tunity for  pushing  the  subject  any  farther;  but 
still  I  think  that  a  distinguished  statesman  and 
novelist,  who  amused  the  world  some  years  ago 
by  endeavouring  to  trace  most  of  the  eminent 
men  of  modern  times  to  a  Jewish  origin,  might, 
with  at  least  as  much  reason,  claim  most  of  the 
glories  of  ancient  Greece  for  his  favourite  people. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Skin-flint. — Is  the  word  skin-flint,  a  miserly  or 
niggardly  person,  of  English  or  foreign  derivation? 
and  where  is  the  earliest  instance  of  the  term  to 
be  met  with  ?  J.  W. 

Garlic  Sunday.  —  The  last  Sunday  of  summer 
has  been  heretofore  a  day  of  great  importance  with 
the  Irish,  as  upon  it  they  first  tried  the  new  po- 
tato, and  formed  an  opinion  as  to  the  prospects 
of  the  future  harvest.  The  day  was  always  called, 
in  the  west  in  particular,  "  G-arlie  Sunday,"  per- 


haps a  corruption  of  Garland  Sunday.  Can  any 

one  give  the  origin  of  this  term,  and  say  when 

first  it  was  introduced  ?  U.  U. 
Dublin. 

Custom  of  the  Corporation  of  London.  —  In  the 
evidence  of  Mr.  Bennoch,  given  before  the  Royal 
Commissioners  for  inquiring  into  the  corporation 
of  the  city  of  London,  he  stated  that  there  is,, 
amongst  other  payments,  one  of  133/.  "for  cloth 
to  the  great  ministers  of  state,"  the  city  being 
bound  by  an  old  charter  to  give  a  certain  amount 
of  cloth  annually  to  them.  He  subsequently 
states  that  this  custom  is  supposed  to  be  connected 
with  the  encouragement  of  the  wool  manufacture 
in  its  early  history ;  and  that  four  and  a  half 
yards  of  the  finest  black  cloth  that  the  country 
can  produce  are  annually  sent  to  the  First  Secre- 
tary of  State,  the  Second  Secretary  of  State,  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  the  Chamberlain  of  the  House- 
hold, the  Vice- Chancellor  of  the  Household,  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Household,  the  Lord  Steward, 
the  Controller,'  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Queen's  Bench,  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  the  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exche- 
quer, the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  the  Recorder  of 
London,  the  Attorney-General,  the  Solicitor- 
General,  and  the  Common  Sergeant. 

Can  any  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  give  a 
more  particular  account  of  this  custom  ? 

CERVUS. 

General  Stokes. —  Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  any  information  respecting  the  parentage  of 
General  Stokes  ?  In  the  historical  table  of  re- 
markable events  in  the  Jamaica  Almanack  for 
1847  it  says:  "General  Stokes,  with  1600  men 
from  Nevis,  arrived  and  settled  near  Port  Mo- 
rant,  anno  Domini  1655."  And  in  Bryan  Ed-* 
wards'  work  on  Jamaica  and  the  West  Indies, 
mention  is  made  of  General  Stokes  in  the  follow- 
ing words  : 

"  In  the  month  of  December,  1655,.  General  Stokes, 
with  1600  men  from  Nevis,  arrived  in  Jamaica,  and 
settled  near  Port  Morant.  The  family  of  the  Morants 
of  Vere  (in  Jamaica)  are  the  lineal  descendants  of 
General  Stokes,  who  took  the  name  of  Morant  from 
the  port  at  which  he  landed.  General  Stokes  was 
governor  of  Nevis;  and  on  his  arrival  in  Jamaica  was 
appointed  one  of  the  high  commissioners  for  the 
Island." 

H.  H.  M. 

Rev.  Philip  Morant.  —  I  shall  be  obliged  by 
any  information  respecting  the  linenge  of  the 
Rev.  Philip  Morant,  who  wrote  a  History  of 
the  County  of  Essex;  and  whether  he  was  an 
ancestor  of  the  Morants  of  Brockenhurst  Park, 
Hants.  He  was  born  at  St.  Saviour's,  in  the 
Isle  of  Jersey,  Oct.  6,  1700;  entered,  1717,  Pem- 
broke College,  Oxford.  He  was  presented  to 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


the  following  benefices  in  the  county  of  Essex, 
viz.  Shallow,  Bowells,  Bromfield,Chicknal,Imeley, 
St.  Mary's,  Colchester,  Wickliam  Bishops,  and  to 
Oldliam  in  1745.  He  died  Nov.  25,  1770;  and 
his  only  daughter  married  Thomas  Aslle,  Esq., 
F.R.S.  and  F.  A.S.  He  was  son  of  Stephen  Morant. 
If  any  of  the  sons  or  daughters  of  that  eminent 
antiquary  Thomas  Astle  will  give  me  any  inform- 
ation relative  to  the  pedigree  of  Philip  Morant, 
M.A.,  they  will  greatly  oblige  me.  H.  H.  M. 

Malta. 

The  Position  of  Suffragan  Bishops  in  Convo- 
cation.—  In  Chamberlayne's  Magnce  Britannia 
Nntitia,  or  The  Present  State  of  Great  Britain, 
1729,  p.  73.,  it  is  said: 

-  "  All  suffragan  bishops  and  deans,  archdeacons, 
prebendaries,  rectors,  and  vicars,  have  privileges,  some 
by  themselves,  others  .by  proxy  or  by  representatives, 
to  sit  and  vote  in  the  lower  house  of  convocation." 

Is  there  authority  for  this  statement  as  regards 
suffragan  bishops  ?  There  is  no  writ  or  mandate 
that  I  have  seen  for  their  appearance. 

W.  ERASER. 

Tor- Mob  un. 

Cambridge  Mathematical  Questions.  —  Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  whether  the  University 
of  Cambridge  puts  forth,  by  authority,  a  collection 
of  all  the  questions  proposed  to  candidates  for  the 
B.  A.  degree? 

If  not,  how  can  one  obtain  access  to  the  ques- 
tions which  have  been  asked  during  the  last  forty 
or  fifty  years  ?  IOTA. 

Crabbe  MSS.  —  In  some  second-hand  book 
catalogue  the  following  is  inserted,  viz., — 

"  1"53.  Crahbe  (Rev.  Geo.,  Poet),  Poems,  Prayers, 
Essays,  Sermons,  portions  of  Plays,  &c.,  5  vols.  entirely 
autograph,  together  with  a  Catalogue  of  Plants,  and  Ex- 
tracts from  the.  second  Volume  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Linncan  Society,  1795  (this  volume  only  contains  a  few 
Autograph  Verges  in  pencil  at  the  end).  An  Autograph 
tetter  of  4  pa</es  to  the  Dean  of  Lincoln,  dated  TROW- 
BRiDGE,  March  31,  1815.  A  curious  Anonymous  letter 
from  *  Priscian  '  to  Mr.  Murray,  dated  Dec.  8th,  1833, 
on  the  Orthography  of  the  name  of  the  Birthplace  of 
the  Poet,  and  which  the  writer  observed  in  the  View  of 
the  Town  of  Ahlebiirgh  in  the  frontispiece  to  the  Prospectus 
Mr.  M.  has  jimt  issued,  fyc.,  interspersed  with  some  por- 
traits and  scraps,  in  6  vols.  4to.  and  8vo.,  dated  from 
1779  to  1823,  8/.  Ss." 

This  is  a  note  underneath  : 

"  The  following  portion  of  a  Prayer,  evidently  al- 
luding to  h  s  troubles,  occurs  in  one  of  the  volumes 
bearing  date  Dec.  31,  1779  :  «  A  thousand  years,  most 
adored  Creator,  are  in  thy  Sight  as  one  Day.  So  con- 
tract in  my  Sisrht  my  Calamities  !  The  Year  of  Sorrow 
and  Care,  of  Poverty  and  Disgrace,  of  Disappointment 
and  wrong,  is  now  passing  on  to  join  the  Eternal. 


Now,  O  Lord  !  let,  I  beseech  thee,  my  Afflictions  and 
Prayers  be  remembered  ;  my  Faults  and  Follies  be 
|  forgotten.'  «  O  !  Thou  who  art  the  Fountain  of  Hap- 
I  piness,  give  me  better  Submission  to  thy  Decrees, 
!  better  Disposition  to  correct  my  flattering  Hopes, 
j  better  Courage  to  bear  up  under  my  State  of  Op- 
'  pression,' "  &c. 

Can  any  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  tell  me 
who  possesses  this  ?  I  should  very  much  like  to 
know.  H.  T.  BOBART. 

Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

Tilly,  an  Officer  of  the  Courts  at  Westminster. 
—  What  office  did  one  Tilly  hold  in  one  of  the 
Courts  at  Westminster,  circa  8  William  III.  ? 
Was  he  Warden  of  the  Fleet  ?  What  were  his 
connexions  by  birth  arid  by  marriage  ?  Was  he 
dispossessed  ?  and  if  so,  why  ?  J.  K. 

Mr.  Gye.  —  Who  was  Mr.  Guye,  or  Gye,  who 
had  chambers  in  the  Temple  circa  8  Wni.  III.  ? 

J.  K. 

Three  Fleurs-de-Lys.  —  Some  of  your  heraldic 
contributors  may  perhaps  be  able  to  say  whether 
there  is  any  instance  of  an  English  coat  of  arms 
with  three  fleurs-de-lys  in  a  line  (horizontal),  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  shield  ?  Such  are  said  to 
occur  in  coats  of  arms  of  French  origin,  as  in  that 
of  the  celebrated  Du  Guesclin,  and  perhaps  in 
English  coats  in  the  form  of  a  triangle.  But 
query  whether,  in  any  instance,  in  a  horizontal 
line  ?  DEVONIENSIS. 

The  Commons  of  Ireland  previous  to  the  Union 
in  1801.  —  I  have  understood  there  was  a  work 
which  contained  either  the  memoirs  or  sketches 
of  the  political  characters  of  all  the  members  of* 
the  last  "  Commons  of  Ireland ; "  and  I  have  heard 
it  was  written  by  a  Rev.  Dr.  Scott  of,  I  believe, 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.  Can  any  reader  of 
"  BT.  &  Q."  inform  me  if  there  be  such  a  work  ? 
and  if  there  be  a  biographical  account  of  the 
author  to  be  met  with  ?  C.  H.  D. 

"  All  Holyday  at  Peckham"  —  Can  any  of  your, 
correspondents  inform  me  what  is  the  origin  of 
the  phrase  "  All  holyday  at  Peckham  ?  "  * 

R.  W.  B. 

Arthur  de  Vere. — What  was  the  after  history 
of  Arthur  (Philipson)  de  Vere,  son  of  John,  Earl 
of  Oxford,  and  hero  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  novel 


[*  Probably  some  of  our  correspondents  may  know 
the  origin  of  this  phrase  ;  and  as  many  of  them,  perhaps, 
are  not  acquainted  with  its  meaning  among  the  slang 
literati,  we  may  as  well  enlighten  them  with  a  quo- 
tation from  the  Lexicon  Balatronicum  et  Macaronicum 
of  Master  Jon  Bee  :  "  Peckham,  going  to  dinner. 
'  All  holiday  at  Peckham,''  no  appetite.  Peckish,  hun- 
gry."—ED.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


A  mm  of  Giderstdn  ?  Was  Sir  Walter  Scott  justi- 
fied in  saying,  "  thu  manners  and  beauty  of  Anne 
of  Gdurstein  attracted  as  much  admiration  at  the 
English  Court  as  formerly  in  the  Swiss  Chalet?" 

2. 

Mast  fir  of  the  Nails.  —  It  appears  from  the  77/5- 
torical  Register,  January,  1717,  "  Mr.  Hill  was 
appointed  Master  of  all  the  Nails  at  Chatham 
Dock."  Can  any  of  your  readers  favour  me  by 
stating  the  nature  of  the  above  office  ?  W.  D.  II. 

Nattochiis  and  Calchanti.  — A  few  days  since  an 
ancient  charter  was  laid  before  me  containing  a 
-grant  of  lands  in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  of  the 
date  1333  (temp.  Edwr.  IL),  in  which  the  follow- 
ing words  are  made  use  of: 

"  Cu'  omnib;  g'nis  t  natthocouks  adjaccntib; "  &c. 

In  a  later  portion  of  the  grant  this  word  is  spelt 
natthociis.  Probably  some  of  your  learned  readers 
can  throw  some  light  on  what  is  meant  by  the 
•words  granis  et  nattochiis  as  being  appurtenant  to 
•marsh  lands. 

In  a  grant  I  have  also  now  before  me  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  — 

"  Decimas,  calchanti,  liquor,  mineral,  metal,"  &c. 

are  given  to  the  grantee  for  a  term  of  twenty-one 
years  :  probably  your  readers  can  also  enlighten 
my  ignorance  of  the  term  calchanti;  the  other 
words  are  obvious.  If  any  authorities  are  to  be 
met  with,  probably  in  the  answers  to  these  queries 
your  correspondents  will  have  the  goodness  to 
cite  them.  F.  S.  A. 

"  Ned  o'  the  Todding."  —  May  I  beg,  through 
the  medium  of  your  excellent  publication,  to  ask 
if  any  of  your  correspondents  can  inform  me  in 
which  of  our  English  authors  I  may  find  some 
lines  headed  "  Ned  o'  the  Todding  ?  "  W.  T. 


ftlfnar  Aliened 

Bridget  Cromwell  and  Fleetwood.  —  Can  you 
inform  me  whether  Bridget,  daughter  of  Oliver 
Cromwell,  who  was  first  married  in  1651  to  Ireton, 
Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland  (and  had  by  him  a  large 
family),  and  secondly,  to  General  Fleetwood,  had 
any  family  by  the  latter  ? 

And,  if  so,  what  were  tfie  Christian  names  of 
the  children  (Fleetwood)  ? 

A  NEW  SUBSCRIBER  OF  1854. 

[Noble,  in  hit  Memoirs  of  the  House  of  Cromwell, 
vol.  ii.  p.  3G9.,  says,  "  It  is  most  probable  that  Fleet- 
wood  had  issue  by  his  second  wife  Bridget,  especially 
as  he  mentions  that  she  was  in  an  increasing  way  in 
several  of  his  letters,  written  in  1654  and  1655.  It  is 
highly  probable  Mr.  Charles  Fleetwood,  who  was 
Iniriird  at  Stoke  Newington,  May  14,  1676,  was  his 
son  by  the  Protector's  daughter,  as  perhaps  was  Ellen 


I'Kctwood,  buried  in  the  same  place  in  a  velvet  coffin, 
July  23,  1731  ;  if  so,  she  must  liavc  hern,  at  the  time 
of  her  death,  upwards  of  seventy  years  of  age."] 

Culct.  — In  my  bills  from  Christ  Church,  Ox- 
ford, there  is  a  charge  of  sixpence  every  term  for 
culct.  What  is  this  ?  B.  R.  I. 

[In  old  time  there  was  a  collection  made  every  year 
for  the  doctors,  masters,  and  beadles,  and  this  \va* 
called  collecta  or  culet :  the  latter  word  is  now  used  for 
a' customary  fee  paid  to  the  beadles.  "I  supp 
says  Hearnc,  "  that  when  this  was  gathered  for  the 
doctors  and  masters  it  was  only  for  such  doctors  and 
masters  as  taught  and  read  to  scholars,  of  which  sort 
there  was  a  vast  number  in  old  time,  and  such  a  col- 
lection was  therefore  made,  that  they  might  proceed 
with  the  more  alacrity,  and  that  their  dignity  might 
be  better  supported." — Appendix  to  Hist.  llol.  dc  Aves- 
bury.'] 


THE  ASTEROIDS   OR   RECENTLY    DISCOVERED   LESSER 
PLANETS. 

(Vol.  vii.,  p.  211. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  601.) 

QU;ESTOR  has  asked  me  a  question  to  which  I 
will  not  refuse  a  reply.  If  he  thinks  that  the 
breaking  up  of  a  planetary  world  is  a  mere  fancy, 
he  may  consult  Sir  John  Ilerschers  Astronomy, 
§  434.,  in  Lardner's  series,  ed.  1833,  in  which  the 
supposition  was  treated  as  doubtful,  and  farther 
discoveries  were  declared  requisite  for  its  con- 
firmation ;  and  Professor  Mitchell's  Discoveries 
of  Modern  Astronomy,  Lond.  1850,  pp.  163 — 171., 
where  such  discoveries  are  detailed,  and  the  pro- 
gress of  the  proof  is  narrated  and  explained.  It 
may  be  briefly  stated  as  follows : — In  the  last  cen- 
tury, Professor  Bode  discovered  the  construction 
of  a  regular  series  of  numbers,  in  coincidence 
with  which  the  distances  of  all  the  known  planets 
from  the  sun  had  been  arranged  by  their  Creator, 
saving  one  exception.  Calling  the  earth's  solar 
distance  10,  the  next  numbers  in  the  series  arc 
16,  28,  52.  The  distances  answering  to  16  and 
52,  on  this  scale,  are  respectively  occupied  by  the 
planets  Mars  and  Jupiter ;  but  the  position  of  28 
seemed  unoccupied.  It  was  not  likely  that  the 
Creator  should  have  left  the  methodical  order  of 
his  work  incomplete.  A  few  patient  observers 
agreed,  therefore,  to  divide  amongst  themselves 
that  part  of  the  heavens  which  a  planet  revolving 
at  the  vacant  distance  might  be  expected  to  tra- 
verse; and  that  each  should  keep  up  a  continuous 
examination  of  the  portion  assigned  to  him.  And 
the  result  was  the  discovery  by  Piazzi,  in  1801, 
of  a  planet  revolving  at  the  expected  solar  dis- 
tance, but  so  minute  that  the  elder  Ilcrschrl  com- 
puted its  diameter  to  be  no  more  than  163  miles. 
The  discovery  of  a  second  by  Olbers,  in  the  ibl- 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


lowing  year,  led  him  to  conjecture  and  surest 
that  these  were  fragments  of  a  whole,  which,  at  its 
first  creation,  had  occupied  the  vacant  position, 
with  a  magnitude  not  disproportionate  to  that 
assigned  to  the  other  planets.  Since  then  there 
Lave  been,  and  continue  to  be,  discoveries  of  more 
and  more  such  fragmental  planets,  all  moving  at 
solar  distances  so  close  upon  that  numbered  28, 
as  to  pass  each  other  almost,  as  has  been  said, 
within  peril  ;  but  in  orbits  which  seem  capriciously 
elevated  and  depressed,  when  referred  to  the 
planes  assigned  for  the  course  of  the  regular 
planets;  so  that,  to  most  minds  capable  of  appre- 
ciating these  facts,  it  will  seem  that  Olber'a  con- 
jecture has  been  marvellously  confirmed. 

As  to  the  theological  conjecture  appended  to 
it  in  my  previous  communication,  about  which 
QUJESTOB  particularly  questions  me,  I  can  only 
say,  that  if  he  deems'  it  rash  or  wrong,  I  have  no 
right  to  throw  the  blame  of  it  on  any  other  man's 
shoulders,  as  I  am  not  aware  of  its  having  been 
hazarded  by  any  one  else.  But  I  hope  he  will 
agree  with  me,  that  if  there  has  been  a  disruption 
<»f  a  planetary  world,  it  cannot  have  arisen  from 
any  mistake  or  deficiency  in  the  Creator's  work 
or  foresight,  but  should  be  respectfully  regarded 
as  the  result  of  some  moral  cause. 

HENRY  WALTER. 


EMBLEMATIC      MEANINGS      OF      PRECIOUS      STONES 

(Vol.  viii.,    p.   539.).  —  PLANETS    or    THE 

MONTHS      SYMBOLISED      BY       PRECIOUS      STONES 

(Vol.  iv.,  pp.  23.  164.). 

The  Poles  have  a  fanciful  belief  that  each 
month  of  the  year  is  under  the  influence  of  a 
precious  stone,  which  influence  has  a  correspond- 
ing effect  on  the  destiny  of  a  person  born  (luring 
the  respective  month.  Consequently,  it  is  cus- 
tomary, among  friends  and  lovers,  on  birth-days, 
to  make  reciprocal  presents  of  trinkets  orna- 
mented with  [the  natal  stones.  The  stones  and 
their  influences,  corresponding  with  each  month, 
are  supposed  to  be  as  follows : 

January  -     -  Garnet.  Constancy  and  fidelity. 

February      -  Amethyst.        Sincerity. 


March 


Bloodstone. 


Presence    of 


April-  Diamond. 

May  -  Emerald. 

June  -  Agate. 

July  -  Cornelian. 

August  Sardonyx. 

September  Chrysolite. 

October  -  Opal. 

November  Topaz. 

December  Turquoise. 

The  Rabbinical  writers  describe  a  system  of 
onornancy,  according  to  the  third  branch  of  tin: 
Cubula,  termed  Notaricon,  in  conjunction  with 


Courage, 
mind. 
Innocence. 
Success  in  love. 
Health  and  long  life. 
Contented  mind. 
Conjugal  felicity. 
Antidote  against  madness. 
Hope. 
Fidelity* 
Prosperity. 


lithomancy.  Twelve  anagrams  of  the  name  of 
God  were  engraved  on  twelve  precious  stones,  by 
which,  with  reference  to  their  change  of  hue  or 
brilliancy,  the  Cftballft  was  enabled  to  foretcl 
future  events.  Those  twelve  stones,  thus  en- 
graved, were  also  supposed  to  have  a  mystical 
power  over,  and  a  prophetical  relation  to,  tho 
twelve  si^ns  of  the  Zodiac,  and  twelve  angels  or 
good  spirits,  in  the  following  order  : 
Anayramt.  Stonei.  Signi.  Angel*. 

mrP  Ruby.  Aries.  Mulchediel. 

1HJV  '        Topaz.'  Taurus.  Asmodel.  , 

Carbuncle.     Gemini.  Ambriel. 

Kmerald.        Cancer.  Muriel. 

Sapphire.        Leo.  Verchel. 

Diamond.      Virgo.  Humatiel. 

Jacinth.          Libra.  Zuriel. 

Agate.  Scorpio.  liarbiol. 

Amethyst.      Sagittarius.        Adnachiel. 

Beryl.  Capricornus.     Humiel. 

Onyx.  Aquarius.  Gabriel. 

Jasper.  Pisces.,  Barchiel. 

These  stones  had  also  reference  to  the  twelve 
tribes  of  Israel,  twelve  parts  of  the  human  body, 
twelve  plants,  twelve  birds,  twelve  minerals, 
twelve  hierarchies  of  devils,  &c.  &c.  usque  ad 
nauseam. 

It  is  evident  that  all  this  absurd  nonsense  was 
founded  on  the  twelve  precious  stones  in  the 
breast-plate  of  the  High  Priest  (Exodus  xxviii. 
15. :  see  also  Numbers  xxvii.  28.,  and  1  Samuel 
xxviii.  6.).  I  may  add  that  in  the  glorious  de- 
scription of  the  Holy  City,  in  Revelation  xxi.,  the 
mystical  number  twelve  Is  again  connected  with 
precious  stones. 

In  the  Sympathia  Septem  Metallorum  ac  Septem 
Selcctorum  Lapidum  ad  Plane  tas,  by  the  noted 
Peter  Arlensis  de  Scudalupis,  the  following  are 
the  stones  and  metals  which  are  recorded  ai 
sympathising  with  what  the  ancients  termed  the 
seven  planets  (I  translate  the  original  words) : 

Saturn          -     Turquoise.         Lead. 

Jupiter         -     Cornelian.          Tin. 

Mars   -         -     Emerald.  Iron. 

Sun     -         -     Diamond.  Gold. 

Venus-         -     Amethyst.          Copper. 

Mercury       -     Loadstone.         Quicksilver. 

Moon  -        -     Chrystal.  Silver. 

N.  D.  inquires  in  what  works  he  will  find  the 
emblematical  meanings  of  precious  stones  de- 
scribed. For  a  great  deal  of  curious,  but  obso- 
lete and  useless,  reading  on  the  mystical  and 
occult  properties  of  precious  stones,  I  may  refer 
him  to  the  following  works:  —  Lea  Amour*  et 
noveaux  Eschanges  dcs  Pierre*  Precieuxet,  Paris, 
1576  ;  Curiofiitez  inouyc*  sur  la  Sculpture  Talis- 
manique,  Paris,  1637  ;  Occulta  Natures  Miracula, 
Antwerp,  1567;  Speculum  Lapidi,  Aug.  Vind., 
1523  ;  Les  (Euvres  de  Jean  Belot,  Rouen,  1569. 

W.  PlNKERTOIC. 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


NON-RECURRING   DISEASES. 

(Vol.viii.,  p.  5 16.) 

To  give  a  full  and  satisfactory  answer  to  the 
questions  here  proposed  would  involve  so  much 
professional  and  physiological  detail,  as  would  be 
unsuited  to  the  character  of  such  a  publication  as 
"  N.  &  Q."  I  will  therefore  content  myself  with 
short  categorical  replies,  agreeable  to  the  present 
state  of  our  knowledge  of  these  mysteries  of  the 
animal  economy.  It  is  true  as  a  general  rule  that 
the  infectious  diseases,  particularly  the  exanthe- 
mata, or  those  attended  by  eruption  —  the  measles 
for  example  —  occur  but  once.  But  there  are 
exceptional  cases,  and  the  most  virulent  of  these 
non-recurrent  diseases,  such  even  as  small-pox, 
are  sometimes  taken  a  second  time,  and  are  then 
sometimes,  though  by  no  means  always,  fatal. 

Why  all  the  mammalia  (for,  be  it  observed,  these 
diseases  are  not  confined  to  the  human  race)  are 
subject  to  these  accidents,  or  why  the  animal 
economy  should  be  subject  to  such  a  turmoil  at 
all,  or,  being  so  subject,  why  the  susceptibility  to 
the  recurrence  of  the  morbid  action  should  exist, 
or  be  revived  in  some  and  not  in  others ;  and 
why  in  the  majority  of  persons  it  should  be  ex- 
tinguished at  once  and  for  ever,  remain  amongst 
the  arcana  of  Nature,  to  which,  as  yet,  the  physi- 
ology of  all  the  Hunters,  and  the  animal  chemistry 
of  all  the  Liebigs,  give  no  solution. 

Those  persons  who  take  note  of  the  able,  and 
in  general  highly  instructive,  reports  of  the  Re- 
gistrar of  Public  Health,  will  observe  that  the 
word  zymotic  is  now  frequently  used  to  signify 
the  introduction  into  the  body  of  some  morbific 
poisons,  —  such  as  prevail  in  the  atmosphere,  or 
are  thrown  off  by  diseased  bodies,  or  generated  in 
the  unwholesome  congregation  of  a  crowded  popu- 
lation, which  are  supposed  to  act  like  yeast  in  a 
beer  vat,  exciting  ferments  in  the  constitution,  in 
the  case  of  the  infectious  diseases,  similar  to  those 
which  gave  them  birth.  But  this  explains  no- 
thing, and  only  shifts  the  difliculty  and  changes 
the  terms,  and  is  no  better  than  a  modification  of 
the  opinions  of  our  forefathers,  who  attributed  all 
such  disorders  to  a  fermentation  of  the  supposed 
"  humours  "  of  the  body.  The  .essence  of  these 
changes  in  the  animal  economy,  like  other  phe- 
nomena of  the  living  principle,  remain,  and  perhaps 
ever  will  remain,  an  unfathomable  mystery.  It 
is  our  business  to  investigate,  as  much  as  in  our 
power,  and  by  a  slow  and  cautious  induction,  the 
laws  by  which  they  are  governed. 

Non-recurrence,  or  immunity  from  any  future 
seizure  in  a  person  who  has  had  an  infectious 
disease,  seems  derivable  from  some  invisible  and 
unknown  impression*  made  on  the  constitution. 

*  This  word  is  used  for  want  of  a  better,  to  signify 
some  unknown  change. 


There  is  good  reason  to  suppose  that  this  im- 
pression may  vary  in  degree  in  different  indivi- 
duals, and  in  the  same  individual  at  different 
times  ;  and  thence  some  practical  inferences  are 
to  be  drawn  which  have  not  yet  been  well  ad- 
vanced into  popular  view,  but  to  which  I  cannot 
advert  unless  some  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  put  the 
question.  M.  (2) 


MILTON  S  WIDOW. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  594.  &c.) 

GARLICHITHE'S  apologies  to  MR.  HUGHES  are 
due,  not  so  much  for  neglecting  his  communica-. 
tions  as  for  misquoting  them.  We  all  owe  an 
apology  to  your  readers  for  keeping  up  so  perti- 
naciously a  subject  of  which  I  fear  they  will  begin 
to  be  tired. 

MR.  HUGHES  has  not  stated  that  Richard  Min- 
shull  of  Chester,  son  of  Richard  Minshull,  the 
writer  of  the  letter  of  May  3,  1656,  was  born  in 
1641.  What  MR.  HUGHES  did  state  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  200.)  was,  that  Mrs.  Milton's  brother,  Richard 
Minshull  of  Wistaston,  was  baptized  on  April  7 
in  that  year ;  and  the  statement  is  quite  correct, 
as  I  can  vouch,  /rom  having  examined  the  bap- 
tismal register.  Richard  Minshull  of  Chester  was 
aged  forty  or  forty-one  at  the  date  of  his  father's 
letter,  as  shown  below  ;  but  even  if  he  had  been 
aged  only  fifteen,  as  supposed  by  GARLICHITHE,  I 
do  not  see  that  there  is  anything  in  the  language 
of  the  letter  to  call  for  observation.  He  had  con- 
veyed to  his  father  a  communication  from  Randle 
Holmes,  and  the  father  writes  in  answer, — "Deare 
and  loveing  sonne,  my  love  and  best  respects  to 
you  and  to  my  daughter  [GARLICHITHE  may  read 
daughter-in-law  if  he  likes,  but  I  see  no  necessity 
for  it],  tendered  wth  trust  of  yr  health.  I  have 
reaceived  Mr.  Alderman  Holmes  his  letter,  to- 
gether with  y™,  wherin  I  understand  that  you 
desire  to  know  what  I  can  say  concerning  our 
coming  out  of  Minshull  House  ;"  and  he  proceeds 
to  give  the  information  asked  for. 

GARLICHITHE,  in  his  former  communication, 
confounds  Randle  the  great-grandfather  with 
Randle  the  great-grandson,  and  in  his  present 
one  he  confounds  Richard  Minshull  of  Chester, 
the  uncle,  with  Richard  Minshull  of  Wistaston, 
the  nephew.  I  agree  with  GARLICHITHE  that 
"  he, 'Richard,  the  writer  of  the  said  letter,  must 
be  fairly  presumed  to  have  been  married  at  the 
date  of  such  letter,"  which  he  addresses  to  his 
"Deare  and  loveing  sonne;"  but  what  of  that? 
Whom  he  married,  your  readers  are  informed  at 
p.  595.  He  died  in  the  year  following  his  letter, 
at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-six. 

The  misquotations  noticed  above  would,  if  not 
pointed  out,  lead  to  inextricable  confusion  of 
facts ;  and  I  am  compelled  therefore  again  to 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


trouble  you.  In  order,  if  possible,  to  set  the 
matter  at  rest,  I  will  put  together  in  the  form  of 
a  pedigree,  compressed  so  as  to  be  fit  for  insertion 
in  your  columns,  the  material  facts  which  have 
been  the  subject  of  so  much  discussion  ;  but,  be- 
fore doing  so,  permit  me  a  word  of  protest  against 
some  of  the  communications  alluded  to,  which  are 
scarcely  fair  to  "  K  &  Q." 


is  correct,  suggests  as  new  evidence  the  very  do- 
cuments to  which  MR.  HUGHES  had  furnished  a 
reference  ;  ami  a  third,  T.  P.  L.  (quoting  an  ano- 
nymous pamphlet),  jumps  at  once  to  the  conr 
elusion  that  "tliere  can  be  little  doubt"  the 
author  derived  his  information  from  an  authentic 
source,  "and,  if  so,  it  serins  pretty  clear"--  that 
all  the  evidence  supplied  by  lier aids'  visitations* 


A  correspondent  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  596.)  asks  for  in-  j  wills,  and  title-deeds    is  to  be   discarded  as  idle 


formation  as  to  Milton's  widow,  and  MR.  HUGHES 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  12.)  refers  him  to  a  volume  in  which 
will  be  found  the  information  asked  for,  and  gives 
a  brief  outline  of  the  facts  there  stated.  On  this 
GARLICHITHE  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  134.),  misquoting  MR. 
HUGHES,  calls  his  attention  to  Mr.  Hunter's  letter, 
which,  if  GARLICHITHE  had  availed  himself  of  the 
reference  furnished  to  him,  he  would  have  found 
duly  noticed.  A  second  correspondent,  MR.  SIN- 
GER, whose  literary  services  render  me  unwilling 
to  find  fault  with  him  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  471.),  heading 
his  article  with  five  references,  of  which  not  one 


fiction.  Such  objections  as  the-e,  and  the  replies 
which  they  have  rendered  necessary,  are,  with 
the  exception  of  the  valuable  contribution  of 
MR.  ARTHUR  PAGET,  the  staple  of  the  contribu- 
tions which  have  filled  so  much  of  your  valuable 
space. 

I  conclude  with  my  promised  pedigree,  the 
authorities  for  which  are  the  Cheshire  Visitation  of 
1663-4,  and  the  Lancashire  Visitation  of  1664-5, 
confirmed  by  the  letter  to  Handle  Holmes,  and 
the  legal  documents  published  by  the  Chetham 
Society  : 


John  Mynshull,  fourth  and  youngest  son  of  John  Mynshull  of  Mynshull,  married  the  daughter 
and  co-heiress  of  Robert  Cooper  of  Wistaston,  and  founded  the  family  subsequently  settled 
there,  as  stated  in  his  great-grandson's  letter. 

Handle  Mynshull  of  Wistaston  married  the  daughter  of  Rawlinson  of  Crewe,  as  stated  in  his  grandson's  letter. 
Thomas  Mynshull  of  Wistaston  married  Dorothy  Goldsmith  of  Nantwich,  as  stated  in  his  son's  letter. 

Richard  Mynshull  of  Wistaston  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Goldsmith  of  Bos  worth, 
in  co.  Leic.  (who  was  probably  maternal  aunt  or  great-aunt  to  the  John  Goldsmith  men- 
tioned in  Dr.  Paget's  will)  He  was  the  writer  of  the  letters  in  1656,  and  died  in  1657,  aged 
eighty-six.  He  had  two  daughters  and  three  sons,  viz.  — 


Randle  Mynshull  of  Wistaston  married 
Ann  Boot,  and  had  seven  children,  of 
whom  it  will  be  necessary  to  mention 
three  only,  viz.  — 


Thomas  Mynshull,  the  apothecary  of 
Manchester,  mentioned  in  Thomas 
Paget's  will,  aged  fifty-one  in  1664, 
had  five  sons  and  four  daughters. 


Richard  Mynshull,  alderman  of  Chester, 
to  whom  his  father  wrote  the  letter  of 
May  3,  1656,  aged  forty-seven  in  1663. 


Bichard  Mynshull,  baptized  April  7, 
1641.  On  June  4,  1680,  he  executed 
a  bond,  by  the  description  of  Richard 
Mynshull  of  Wistaston,  frame-work 
knitter,  to  Elizabeth  Milton  of  thecity 
of  London,  widow,  who,  though  not 
itated  to  be  his  sister,  was  evidently 
a  near  relative,  as  appears  from  the 
contents  of  the  bond. 

Warrington. 


John  Mynshull  appears  to 
have  resided  in  Manchester, 
where  he  was  buried,  May  18, 
1720,  and  administration  was 
granted  at  Cheshire  to  Eliz- 
abeth Milton  of  Nantwich, 
widow,  his  lawful  sister  and 
next  of  kin. 


Elizabeth,  baptized  December  30,  1638,  married 
Milton  in  1664,  is  described  as  of  London  in  the 
bond  from  her  brother,  on  the  occasion  of  her 
purchase  of"  an  estnte  at  Brindley  in  Cheshire  ;  is 
described  as  of  Nantwich  in  three  legal  documents 
from  1713  to  1725;  by  ilie  same  descriiition,  ad- 
ministered to  her  brother  John  in  1720,  and  made 
her  will  on  August  22,  1727,  which  was  proved  on 
October  10  in  the  same  year. 

J.  F.  MARSH. 


TABLE-TURNING. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  57.  398.) 

One  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of  science 
in  France,  M.  Chevreul,  the  editor  (late  or 
present)  of  the  Annales  de  Chimie,  &c.,  has  com- 
menced a  series  of  articles  in  the  Journal  des 
Savants  on  the  subject  of  the  divining-rod,  the 
exploring  pendulum,  table-turning,  &c.,  his  inten- 
tion being  to  investigate  scientifically  the  pheno- 
mena presented  in  these  instances.  Having 
formerly  written  much  on  the  occult  sciences, 
and  being  a  veteran  in  experimental  science, 
M.  Chevreul  was  generally  deemed  better  quali- 
fied than  most  men  living  to  throw  light  on  the 


intervention  of  a  principle  whose  influence  he 
thinks  he  hns  proved  by  his  own  proper  experi- 
ence. It  will  be  better  to  quote  his  own  lan- 
guage : 

"  Ce  principe  concerne  le  devdnppement  en  nous  d'une 
action  musculaire  qui  n'est  pas  le  proditit  d'une  vo'onte, 
ma  is  le  resnltat  d'nne  pensee  qui  se  porte  sur  nn  pheno- 
mene  du  monde  exterieur  sans  preoccupation  de  faction 
musculaire  indispensable  d  la  manifestation  du  phenon  ene. 
Get  enonce  sera  developpe  lorsque  nous  1'appliqnerotis 
a  Pexplication  des  faits  obierv('s  par  nous,  et  deviendra 
parfaitement  clair,  nous  1'esperons,  lorsque  le  lecteur 
verra  qu'il  est  1'expression  precise  de  ces  memes  faits." 

A  farther  quotation  (if  it  should  not  prove  too 
long  for  "  N.  &  Q.")  from  M.  Chevreul's  prelimi- 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  220. 


nary  remarks  will  be  thought  interesting  by  many 
persons : 

"  En  definitive,  nous  esperons  montrer  d'une  maniere 
precise  comment  des  gens  d'esprit,  sous  1'influence  de 
1'amour  du  merveilleux,  si  naturel  a  1'homme,  fran- 
chissent  la  limite  du  connu,  du  fini,  et,  des  lors,  com- 
ment, ne  sentant  pas  le  besoin  de  soumettre  a  un 
•examen  reflechi  1'opinion  nouvelle  qui  leur  arrive  sous 
le  cachet  du  merveilleux  et  du  surnaturel,  ils  adoptent 
«oudainement  ce  qui,  etudie  froidement,  rentrerait  dans 
•le  domaine  des  faits  aux  causes  desquels  il  est  donne 
a  1'homme  dc  remonter.  Existe-t-il  une  preuve  plus 
forte  de  1'amour  de  1'homme  pour  le  merveilleux,  que 
J'accueil  fait  de  nos  jours  aux  tahles  tournantes  ? 
Nous  ne  le  pensons  pas.  Plus  d'un  esprit  fort,  qui 
accuse  ses  peres  de  credulite  en  rejetant  leurs  traditions 
xeligieuses  contemporains  de  Louis  XIV.,  ont  repousse 
comme  impossible  un  traite  de  chimere.  Ce  fait  con- 
firme  ce  que  nous  avons  dit  de  la  credulite  a  propos  de 
YEssai  sur  la  Magie  d'Eusebe  Salverte,  car  si  1'esprit 
fort  qui  repousse  la  revelation  ne  s'appuie  pas  sur  la 
methode  scientifique  propre  a  discerner  1'erreur  de  la 
verit<?,  Uncertain  du  fait  demontre,  il  sera  sans  cesse 
expose  a  adopter  comme  vraies  les  opinions  les  plus 
bizarres,  les  plus  erronees,  ou  du  moins  les  plus  con- 
testables." 

The  two  articles  hitherto  published  by  M. 
Chevreul  in  the  Journal  des  Savants  for  the  months 
of  October  and  November,  extend  only  to  the  first- 
mentioned  subject  of  these  inquiries,  the  divining- 
rod.  The  world  will  probably  wait  with  some 
impatience  to  learn  the  final  views  of  so  eminent 
a  scientific  man.  J.  MACRAT. 

Oxford. 


CELTIC    ETYMOLOGY. 


(Vol.viii.,  pp.  229.  551.) 

Your  correspondent  is  a  very  Antaeus.  He  has 
fallen  again  upon  uim,  and  he  rises  up  from  it  to 
-defend  the  Heapian  pronunciation  with  renewed 
vigour.  But  I  cannot  admit  that  he  has  proved 
the  pedigree  of  humble  from  the  Gaelic. 

But,  even  if  uim  were  the  root  of  a  Sanscrit 
word,  and  not  itself  a  derivative,  still  the  many 
•  stages  through  which  the  derivation  undoubtedly 
passes,  without  any  need  of  reference  to  the 
Oaelic,  are  quite  enough  to  establish  the  exist- 
ence and  continuance  of  an  aspirate,  until  we 
arrive  at  the  French;  and  it  has  already  been 
proved,  that  many  words  which  lose  the  aspirate 
in  French  do  not  lose  it  in  English.  The  pro- 
gress from  the  Sanscrit  is  very  clear : 

Sanscrit.  Kshama. 

Pracrit.  Khama. 

Old  Greek.  Xcfyta ;  whence  -x.dp.ai,  X^fo  Xda~ 
jj.a\6s. 

Latin.  Humus,  humilis. 

Italian.  Umile ;  because  there  is  in  Italian  no 
initial  aspirate. 


French.   'Humble ;  because  in  words  of  Latin 
origin  the  French  almost  always  omit  the  aspirate. 

English^  'Humble. 

And  here  it  may  be  observed,  that  humilis  never 
had,  except  in  the  Vulgate  and  in  ecclesiastical 
writers,  the  metaphorically  Christian  sense  to  which 
its  derivatives  in  modern  tongues  are  generally 
confined,  and  to  which  I  believe  the  Gaelic  umhal 
to  be  strictly  confined.  But  the  original  words 
for  humble  are  iosal  and  iriosal,  cognate  with  the 
Irish  iosal  and  iriseal,  and  the  Cymric  isel ;  and 
the  olden  and  more  established  words  for  the 
earth  are,  both  in  Gaelic  and  Irish,  talamh  and 
lar,  cognate  with  the  Cymric  llawr. 

All  these  facts  lead  to  a  reasonable  suspicion 
that  uim,  umhal,  and  umhailteas  (an  evident  na- 
turalisation of  a  Latin  word)  are  all  derived  from 
Latin  at  a  comparatively  recent  date,  as  certainly 
as  umile,  humilde,  'humble,  and  'humble  are,  and  in 
the  same  Christian  sense.  The  omission  of  an 
aspirate  in  the  Gaelic  word  is  then  easily  ac- 
counted for,  without  supposing  it  not  to  exist  in 
other  languages,  and  for  this  very  simple  reason, 
that  no  Gaelic  word  commences  with  h.  There 
are  some  Celtic  roots  undoubtedly  in  the  Latin 
language.  It  would  be  difficult,  for  example,  to 
derive  mcenia,  munire,  gladius,  vir,  and  virago  from 
any  other  origin,  but  much  the  larger  number  of 
words,  in  which  the  two  languages  resemble  each 
other,  are  either  adoptions  from  the  Latin  or  de- 
rivatives from  one  common  source,  e.  g.  mathair 
and  mother,  brathair  and  brother,  as  well  as  the 
Latin  mater  and  frater,  from  the  Sanscrit  matri 
and  bhratri,  &c.,  as  all  comparative  philologists 
are  well  aware.  Would  your  correspondents  call 
it  the  'Ebrew  language,  because  a  Gael  calls  it,  as 
he  must  do,  Eabrach  f  E.  C.  H. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  Cdlotype  Process  :  curling  up  of  Paper.  —  I  am 
happy  in  having  the  opportunity  of  replying  to  your 
correspondent  C.  E.  F.  (Vol.  5x.,  p.  16. ),  because,  with 
himself,  I  have  found  great  annoyance  from  the  curling 
up  of  some  specimens  of  paper.  In  the  papers  recently 
sold  as  Turner's,  I  find  this  much  increased  upon  his 
original  make,  so  much  so  that,  until  I  resorted  to  the 
following  mode,  I  spoiled  several  sheets  intended  for 
negatives,  by  staining  the  back  of  the  paper,  and  which 
thereby  gave  a  difference  of  intensity  when  developed 
after  exposure  in  the  camera. 

I  have  provided  myself  with  some  very  thick  extra 
white  blotting-paper  (procured  of  Sandford).  This 
jeing  thoroughly  damped,  and  placed  between  two 
pieces  of  slate,  remains  so  for  many  weeks.  If  the 
laper  intended  to  be  used  is  properly  interleaved  be- 
tween this  damp  blotting-paper,  and  allowed  to  remain 
there  twelve  hours  at  least  before  it  is  to  be  iodized,  it 
will  be  found  to  work  most  easily.  It  should  be  barely 
as  damp  as  paper  which  is  intended  to  be  printed  on. 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


This  arrangement  will  be  found  exceedingly  useful  for 
damping  evenly  cardboard  and  printed  positives  when 
they  are  intended  to  be  mounted,  so  as^to  ensure  their 
perfect  flatness. 

It  is  quite  immaterial  whether  the  paper  is  floated 
on  a  solution  or  applied  with  a  glass  rod.  If  a  very 
few  sheets  are  to  be  manipulated  upon,  then,  for  eco- 
nomy, the  glass  rod  is  preferable;  but  if  several,  the 
floating  has  the  advantage,  because  it  ensures  the  most 
even  application.  I  sent  you  a  short  paragraph 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  32.)  showing  how  we  may  be  deceived 
in  water-marks  upon  paper;  and  when  we  are  suppos- 
ing ourselves  to  be  using  a  paper  of  a  particular  date, 
in  fact  we  are  not  doing  so. 

I  would  also  caution  your  photographic  correspon- 
dents from  being  deceived  in  the  quality  of  a  paper  by 
the  exceeding  high  gloss  which  is  given  it  by  extra 
hot-pressing.  This  is  very  pleasing  to  the  eye,  and 
would  be  a  great  advantage  if  the  paper  were  to  remain 
dry  ;  but  in  the  various  washings  and  soakings  which 
it  undergoes  in  the  several  processes  before  the  per- 
fect picture  is  formed,  the  artificial  surface  is  entirely 
removed,  and  it  is  only  upon  a  paper  of  a  natural  firm 
and  even  make  that  favourable  results  will  be  procured. 

H.  W.  DIAMOND. 

Turner's  Paper.  —  There  is  great  difficulty  in  pro- 
curing good  paper  of  Turner's  make ;  he  having  lately 
undertaken  a  contract  for  Government  in  making 
paper  for  the  new  stamps,  the  manufacture  of  paper 
for  photographic  purposes  has  been  to  him  of  little 
importance.  In  fact,  this  observation,  of  the  little  im- 
portance of  photographic  compared  to  other  papers, 
applies  to  all  our  great  paper-makers,  who  have  it  in 
their  power  to  make  a  suitable  article.  Mr.  Towgood 
of  St.  Neots  has  been  induced  to  manufacture  a  batch 
expressly  for  photography  ;  but  we  regret  to  say  that, 
although  it  is  admirably  adapted  for  albumenizing  and 
printing  positives,  it  is  not  favourable  for  iodizing, 
less  so  than  his  original  make  for  ordinary  purposes. 
All  manufacturers,  in  order  to  please  the  eye,  use 
bleaching  materials,  which  deteriorate  the  paper  che- 
mically. They  should  be  thoroughly  impressed  with 
the  truth,  that  colour  is  of  little  consequence.  A  bad- 
coloured  paper  is  of  no  importance  ;  it  is  the  extraneous 
substances  in  the  paper  itself  which  do  the  mischief. 

ED. 

A  Practical  Photographic  Query I  have  never  had 

a  practical  lesson  on  photography.  I  have  worked  it 
put  as  far  as  I  could  myself,  and  I  have  derived  much 
information  in  reading  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  so  that 
now  I  consider  myself  (although  we  are  all  apt  to 
flatter  ourselves)  an  average  good  manipulator.  Inde- 
pendently of  the  information  you  have  afforded  me,  I 
have  read  all  the  works  upon  photography  which  I 
could  procure;  and  as  the  most  extensive  one  is  that 
by  Mr.  Robert  Hunt,  I  went  to  the  Exhibition  of  the 
Photographic  Society  just  opened,  thinking  I  might 
there  see  his  works,  and  gain  that  information  from 
an  inspection  of  them  which  I  desired.  My  disap- 
pointment was  great  on  finding  that  Mr.  Hunt  does 
not  exhibit,  nor  have  I  been  able  to  see  any  of  his 
specimens  elsewhere.  May  I  ask  if  Mr.  Hunt  ever 


attempts  anything  practically,  or  is  it  to  the  theory  of 
photography  alone  that  he  directs  his  attention  ? 

I  begin  to  fear,  unless  he  lets  a  little  of  each  go 
hand-in-hand,  that  he  will  mislead  some  of  us  ama- 
teurs, although  I  am  quite  sure  unintentionally ;  for 
personally  I  much  respect  him,  having  a  high  opinion  of 
his  scientific  attainments. 

A  READER  OF  ALL  BOOKS  ON  PHOTOGRAPHY* 


to  $ff{u0r 

"Service  is  no  Inheritance"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  587. ;. 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  20.).  —  P.  C.  S.  S.  confesses  that  he  is 
vulgar  enough  to  take  great  delight  in  Swift's 
Directions  to  Servants,  a  taste  which  he  had  once 
the  good  fortune  of  hearing  avowed  by  no  less  a 
man  than  Sir  W.  Scott  himself.  G.  M.  T.,  who 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  587.)  quotes  the  Waverley  Novels  for 
the  use  of  the  phrase  "  Service  is  no  inheritance,1' 
will  therefore  scarcely  be  surprised  to  find  that  it 
occurs  frequently  in  Swift's  Directions,  and  es- 
pecially in  those  to  the  "  Housemaid,"  chap.  x. 
(quod  vide).  P.  C.  S.  S. 

Francis  Browne  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  639.). — It  is  not 
stated  in  the  general  pedigrees  when  or  where  he 
died,  whether  single  or  married.  His  sister  Eliza- 
beth died  unmarried,  Nov.  27, 1662  ;  and  his  elder 
brother,  Sir  Henry  Browne  of  Kiddington,  in 
1689.  A  reference  to  their  wills,  if  proved,  might 
afford  some  information  if  he,  Francis,  survived 
either  of  these  dates.  The  will  of  Sir  Henry 
Knollys,  of  Grove  Place,  Hants,  the  grandfather, 
might  be  referred  to  with  the  same  view,  and 
the  respective  registers  of  Kiddington  and  Grove 
Place.  G. 

Catholic  Bible  Society  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  494.).— 
MR.  COTTON  will  find  some  account  of  this  So- 
ciety (the  only  one  I  know  of)  in  Bishop  Milner's 
Supplementary  Memoirs  of  the  English  Catholics^ 
published  in  the  year  1820,  p.  239.  It  published 
a  stereotype  edition  of  the  New  Testament  with- 
out the  usual  distinction  of  verses,  and  very  few 
notes.  The  whole  scheme  was  severely  reprobated 
by  Dr.  Milner,  on  grounds  stated  by  him  in  the 
Appendix  to  the  Memoirs,  p.  302.  The  Society 
soon  expired,  and  no  tracts  or  reports  were,  I 
believe,  ever  published  by  it.  The  correspondence 
between  Mr.  Charles  Butler  and  Mr.  Blair  will 
be  found  in  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine  for  the  year 
1814.  S. 

Fitzroy  Street. 

Legal  Customs  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  20.).  — The  custom,, 
related  by  your  correspondent  CAUSIDICUS,  of  a 
Chancery  barrister  receiving  his  first  bag  from 
one  of  the  king's  counsel,  reminds  me  that  there 
are  many  other  legal  practices,  both  obsolete  and 
extant,  which  it  would  be  curious  and  entertain- 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


ing  to  collect  in  your  pages,  as  illustrative  of  the 
habits  of  our  forefathers,  and  the  changes  that 
time  has  produced.  I  recognise  many  among 
your  coadjutors  who  are  well  able  to  contribute, 
either  from  tradition  or  personal  experience, 
something  that  is  worth  recording,  and  thus  by 
their  mutual  coimnunications  to  form  a  collection 
that  would  be  both  interesting  and  useful.  Let 
me  commence  the  heap  by  depositing  the  first 
stones. 

1.  My  father  has  informed  me  that  in  his  early 
years  it  was  the  universal  practice  for  lawyers  to 
attend  the  theatre  on  the  last  day  of  term/    This 
was  at  a  period  when  those  who  went  into  the 
boxes  always  wore  swords. 

2.  It  was  formerly  (within  fifty  years)  the  cus- 
tom for  every  barrister  in  the  Court  of  Chancery 
to  receive  from  the  usher,  or  some  other  officer  of 
the  court,  as  many  buns  as  he  made  motions  on 
the  last  day  of  Term,  and  to  give   a  shilling  for 
each  bun.  EDWARD  Foss. 

Silo  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  639.).  — The  word  silo  is  de- 
rived from  the  Celtic  siol,  grain,  and  omh,  a  cave  ; 
siolomh,  pronounced  sheeloo,  a  "  grain  cave." 
Underground  excavations  have  been  discovered 
in  various  parts  of  Europe,  and  it  is  probable  that 
they  were  really  used  for  storing  grain,  and  not 
for  habitations,  as  many  have  supposed. 

FRAS.  CROSSLEY. 

I  have  no  doubt  but  that  MR.  STRONG'S  Query 
respecting  silos  will  meet  with  many  satisfactory 
answers ;  but  in  the  mean  time  I  remark  that 
the  Arab  subterranean  granaries,  often  used  by 
the  French  as  temporary  prisons  for  refractory 
soldiers,  are  termed  by  them  silos  or  silhos. 

G.  H.  K. 

Laurie  on  Finance  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  491.).  — 

"  A  Treatise  on  Finance,  under  which  the  General 
Interests  of  the  British  Empire  are  illustrated,  com- 
prising a  Project  for  their  Improvement,  together  with 
&  new  scheme  for  liquidating  the  National  Debt,"  by 
David  Laurie,  8vo.,  London,  1815. 

ANON. 

David's  Mother  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  539.).  —  The  fol- 
lowing comment  on  this  point  is  taken  from  vol.  i. 
p.  203.  of  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Burrington's  Arrange- 
ment of  the  Genealogies  of  the  Old  Testament  and 
Apocrypha,  Lond.  1836,  &  learned  and  elaborate 
work : 

"  In  2  Sam.  xvii.  25.,  Abigail  is  said  to  be  the 
daughter  of  Nahash,  and  sister  to  Zeruiah,  Joab's 
mother;  but  in  1  Chron.  ii.  16.,  both  Zeruiah  and 
Abigail  are  said  to  be  the  daughters  of  Jesse  ;  we  must 
conclude,  therefore,  with  Cappell,  either  that  the  name 
£>nj.  Nahash,  in  "2  Sam.  xvii.  25.,  is  a  corruption  of 
*6J^,  Jesse,  which  is  the  reading  of  the  Aldine  and 
Complutensian  editions,  and  of  a  considerable  number 


of  MSS.  of  the  LXX  in  this  place;  or  that  Jesse  had 
two  names,  as  Jonathan  in  his  Targum  on  Ruth  iv.  22. 
informs  us  ;  or  that  Nahash  is  not  the  name  of  the 
father,  but  of  the  mother  of  Abigail,  as  Tremellius  and 
Junius  imagine;  or,  lastly,  with  Grotius,  \ve  must  be 
compelled  to  suppose  that  Abigail,  mentioned  as  the 
sister  of  Zeruiah  in  2  Sam.,  was  a  different  person  from 
Abigail  the  sister  of  Zeruiah,  mentioned  in  1  Chron  , 
which  appears  most  improbable." 


Dublin. 

Anagram  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  546.).  —  Some  years 
since  I  purchased,  at  a  book-stall  in  Cologne,  a 
duodecimo  (I  think  it  was  a  copy  of  Milton's  De- 
fensio),  on  a  fly-leaf  of  which  was  the  date  1653, 
and  in  the  neat  Italian  hand  of  the  period  the 
following  anagram.  The  book  had  probably  be- 
longed to  one  of  the  English  exiles  who  accom- 
panied Charles  II.  in  his  banishment.  I  have 
never  met  with  it  in  any  collection  of  anagrams 
hitherto  published.  Perhaps  some  of  your  nu- 
merous readers  may  have  been  more  fortunate, 
and  can  give  some  account  of  it. 
"  Carolus  Stuartus,  Anglise,  Scotia?,  et  Hiberniae  Rex, 
Aula.  statu,  regno  exueris,  ac  hostili  arte  necaberis." 

JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 
Malta. 

Passage  in  Sophocles  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  73.  478.  631  .). 
—  Your  correspondent  M.  is  quite  right  in  trans- 
lating irpdffo-sii'  fares,  and  referring  it  not  to  ©eoy, 
but  to  the  person  whom  the  Deity  has  infatuated  ; 
and  he  is  equally  right  in  explaining  bxiyoarov 
Xpovov  for  a  very  short  time.  Tipdcraei,  the  old  read- 
ing restored  by  Herman,  is  probably  right  ;  but  it 
must  still  be  referred  to  the  same  person  :  Jlle 
vero  versatur,  &c.  MR.  BUCKTON  explains  £, 
which  is  the  relative  to  vow,  to  signify  when,  and 
translates  povAtvcrai  as  if  it  were  equivalent  with 
jSo&Verai.  Tbv  vow  w  tfouAeverat  is  the  mental  power 
with  which  he  (6  /3\a</>0eis,  not  ©ebs)  deliberates. 
"Art]  is,  as  M.  properly  explains  it,  not  destruction, 
but  infatuation,  mental  delusion;  that  judicial  blind- 
nets  which  leads  a  man  to  his  ruin,  not  the  ruin 
itself.  It  is  a  leading  idea  in  the  Homeric  theo- 
logy (//.  xix.  88.,  xxiv.  480.,  &c.). 

Though  the  idea  in  the  Antigone  closely  re- 
sembles that  which  is  cited  in  the  Scholia,  it  seems 
more  than  probable  that  the  original  source  of 
both  passages  is  derived  from  some  much  earlier 
author  than  a  cotemporary  of  Sophocles.  As  to 
the  line  given  in  Boswell,  it  is  not  an  Iambic 
verse,  nor  even  Greek.  It  was  probably  made 
out  of  the  Latin  by  some  one  who  would  try  his 
hand,  with  little  knowledge  either  of  the  metre  or 
the  language.  MR.  BUCKTON  says,  that  to  trans- 
late bxi-yoffrov  very  short,  is  not  to  translate  agree- 
ably to  the  admonition  of  the  old  scholiast.  Now, 
the  words  of  the  scholiast  are  oi»5e  0X170;',  not  even 
a  little,  that  is,  a  very  little  :  so  ov5e  rvrfloy,  ov8* 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


ovSe 


kind. 


and  many  forms  of  the  same 
E.  C.  H. 

B.L.M.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  585.).— The  letters 
B.  L.  M.,  in  the  subscription  of  Italian  correspond- 
ence, stand  for  bacio  le  mani  (I  kiss  your  hands), 
a  form  nearly  equivalent  to  "  your  most  obedient 
servant."  In  the  present  instance  the  inflection 
baciando  (kissing)  is  intended.  W.  S.  B. 

"  The  Forlorn  Hope"  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  411.  569.). 
— For  centuries  the  "forlorn  hope"  was  called, 
and  is  still  called  by  the  Germans,  Verlorne  Posten; 
by  the  French,  Enfans  perdus ;  by  the  Poles  and 
other  Slavonians,  Stracona  poczta :  meaning,  in 
each  of  those  three  languages,  a  detachment  of 
troops,  to  which  the  commander  of  an  army  assigns 
such  a  perilous  post,  that  he  entertains  no  hope 
of  ever  rescuing  it,  or  rather  gives  up  all  hope  of 
its  salvation.  In  detaching  these  men,  he  is  con- 
scious of  the  fate  that  awaits  them  ;  but  he  sacri- 
fices them  to  save  the  rest  of  his  army,  i.  e.  he 
sacrifices  a  part  for  the  safety  of  the  whole.  In 
short,  he  has  no  other  intention,  no  other  thought 
in  so  doing,  than  that  which  the  adjective/or/orw 
conveys.  Thus,  for  instance,  in  Spain,  a  detach- 
ment of  600  students  volunteered  to  become  a 
forlorn  hope,  in  order  to  defend  the  passage  of  a 
bridge  at  Burgos,  to  give  time  to  an  Anglo- 
Spanish  corps  (which  was  thrown  into  disorder, 
and  closely  pursued  by  a  French  corps  of  18,000 
men)  to  rally.  The  students  all,  to  the  last  man, 
perished  ;  but  the  object  was  attained. 

It  much  grieves  me  thus  to  sap  the  foundation 
of  the  idle  speculation  upon  a  word  the  late  Dr. 
Graves  indulged  in,  and  which  Mr.  W.  R.  Wilde 
inserted  in  the  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical 
Science  for^  February,  1849;  but,  on  the  other 
kand,  I  rejoice  to  have  had  the  opportunity  of 
endeavouring  to  destroy  the  very  erroneous  sup- 
position, that  Lord  Byron  had  fallen  into  an  error 
in  his  beautiful  line  : 

"  The  full  of  hope,  misnamed  forlorn."1 

What  the  late  Dr.  Graves  meant  by  haupt  or 
pe^  for  head,  1  am  at  a  loss  to  conceive.  Haupt, 
in  German,  it  is  true,  means  head ;  but  in  speak- 
ing of  a  small  body  of  men,  inarching  at  the  head 
of  an  army,  no  German  would  ever  say  Haupt, 
but  Spitze.  As  to  hope  (another  word  for  head) 
I  know  not  from  what  language  he  took  it;  cer- 
tainly not  from  the  Saxon,  for  in  that  tongue  head 
was  called  heafod,  hefed,  or  heafd ;  whilst  hope  was 
called  hopa,  not  hope.  C.  S.  (An  Old  Soldier.) 
Oak  Cottage,  Coniston,  Lancashire. 

Two  ^  Brothers  of  the  same  Christian  Name 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  338.). —I  have  recently  met  with 
another  instance  of  this  peculiarity.  John  Upton, 
of  Trelaske,  Cornwall,  an  ancestor  of  the  Uptons 
of  Ingsmire  Hall,  Westmoreland,  had  two  sons, 


living  in  1450,  to  both  of  whom  he  gave  the 
Christian  name  of  John.  The  elder  of  these 
alike-named  brothers  is  stated  by  Burke,  in  his 
History  of  the  Landed  Gentry,  to  have  been  the 
father  of  the  learned  Dr.  Nicholas  Upton,  canon 
of  Salisbury  and  Wells,  and  afterwards  of  St. 
Paul's,  one  of  the  earliest  known  of  our  authors 
on  heraldic  subjects.  The  desire  of  the  elder  Up- 
ton to  perpetuate  his  own  Christian  name  may 
in  some  way  account  for  this  curious  eccen- 
tricity. T.  HUGHES. 
Chester. 

Passage  in  Watson  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  587.).  — Your, 
correspondent  G.  asks,  whence  Bishop  Watson 
took  the  passage  : 

"  Scire  ubi  aliquid  invenire  posses,  ea  demum  maxima 
pars  eruditionis  est." 

In  the  account  of  conference  between  Spalato 
and  Bishop  Overall,  preserved  in  Gutch's  Collec* 
tanea  Curiosa,  and  printed  in  the  Anglo- Catholic 
Library,  Cosin's  Works,  vol.  iv.  p.  470.,  the  same 
sentiment  is  thus  expressed  : 

"By  keeping  Bishop  Overall's  library,  he  (Cosin) 
began  to  learn,  '  Quanta  pars  eruditionis  erat  bonos 
nosse  auctores ; '  which  was  the  saying  of  Joseph 
Scaliger." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  trace  the  words 
in  the  writings  of  Scaliger  ?  J.  SANSOM. 

Derivation  of"Mammet"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  515.). 
—  It  may  help  to  throw  light  on  this  question  to 
note  that  Wiclif's  translation  of  2  Cor.  vi.  16. 
reads  thus  :  "  What  consent  to  the  temple  of  God 
with  mawmetis  f "  Calf  hill,  in  his  Answer  to 
Martiall  (ed.  Parker  Soc.,  p.  31.),  has  the  follow- 
ing sentence : 

"  Gregory,  therefore,  if  he  had  lived  but  awhile 
longer  ;  and  had  seen  the  least  part  of  all  the  miseries 
which  all  the  world  hath  felt  since,  only  for  mainte- 
nance of  those  mawmots  ;  he  would,  and  well  might, 
have  cursed  himself,  for  leaving  behind  him  so  lewd  a 
precedent." 

And  at  p.  175.  this,  — - 

"  That  Jesabel  Irene,  which  was  so  bewitched  with 
superstition,  that  all  order,  all  honesty,  all  law  of  na- 
ture broken,  she  cared  not  what  she  did,  so  she  might 
have  her  mawmots."" 

See  also  the  editor's  note  on  the  use  of  the  word 
in  this  last  passage.  In  Dorsetshire,  among  the 
common  people,  the  word  mammet  is  in  frequent 
use  to  designate  a  puppet,  a  doll,  an  odd  figure, 
a  scarecrow.  J.  D.  S. 

Ampers  and,  &  or  Sf  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  173.). — 
Ampers  $-,  or  Empessy  fy,  as  it  is  sometimes  called 
in  this  country,  means  et  per  se  Sf ;  that  is  to  say, 
8f  is  a  character  by  itself,  or  sui  generis,  represent- 
ing not  a  letter  but  a  word.  It  was  formerly  an- 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


nexed  to  the  alphabet  in  primers  and  spelling- 
books. 

The  figure  £ff  appears  to  be  the  two  Greek 
letters  e  and  -  connected,  and  spelling  the  Latin 
word  et,  meaning  and.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Misapplication  of  Terms  (Yol.  viii.,  p.  537.)-  — 
The  apparent  lapsus  noticed  by  your  correspondent 
J.  W.  THOMAS,  while  it  reminds  one  that  — 

"  Learned  men, 
Now  and  then,"  &c., 

Is  not  so  indefensible  as  many  instances  that  are 
to  be  met  with; 

I  have  been  accustomed  to  teach  my  boys  that 
legend  (&  lego,  to  read)  is  not  strictly  to  be  con- 
fined to  the  ordinary  translation  of  its  derivative, 
since  the  Latin  admits  of  several  readings,  and 
among  them,  by  the  usage  of  Plautus,  to  hearken  ; 
whence  our  English  substantive  takes  equal  license 
to  admit  of  a  relation  =  a  narrative,  viz.  "  a  thing 
to  be  heard ; "  and' in  this  sense  by  custom  has  re- 
ferred to  many  a  gossip's  tale. 

Having  thus  ventured  to  defend  the  use  of  le- 
gend by  your  correspondent  (Vol.  v.,  p.  196.),  I 
submit  to  the  illuminating  power  of  your  pages 
the  following  novel  use  of  a  word  I  have  met  with 
in  the  course  of  reading  this  morning,  and  shall  be 
gratified  if  some  of  your  correspondents  (better 
Grecians  than  myself)  can  turn  their  critical 
bull's-eye  on  it  with  equal  advantage  to  its  em- 
ployer. 

In  the  poems  of  Bishop  Corbet,  edited  by  Oc- 
tavius  Gilchrist,  F.S.A.,  4th  edition,  1807,  an  edi- 
torial note  at  p.  195.  informs  us  that  John  Bust, 
living  in  1611,  "seems  to  have  been  a  worthy 
prototype  of  the  Nattus  of  Antiquity."  (Persius, 
iii.  31.) 

Our  humorous  friend  in  the  farce,  -who  was 
"  'prentice  and  predecessor  "  to  his  coadjutor  the 
'jjothecary  whom  he  succeeded,  is  the  only  sole- 
cism at  all  parallel,  that  immediately  occurs  to 

SQ.UEERS. 

Dotheboys. 

P.S.  —  It  would  not  be  any  ill-service  to  our 
language  to  pull  up  the  stockings  of  the  tight- 
laced  occasionally,  though  I  have  here  rushed  in 
to  the  rescue. 

Belle  Sauvage  (Vol.  viii.,  >p.  388.  523.).  — Mr. 
Burn,  in  his  Catalogue  of  the  Beaufoy  Cabinet  of 
Tokens  presented  to  the  Corporation  of  London, 
just  published,  after  giving  the  various  derivations 
proposed,  says  that  a  deed,  enrolled  on  the  Glaus 
Roll  of  1453,  puts  the  matter  beyond  doubt : 

"  By  that  deed,  dated  at  London,  February  5, 
31  Hen.  VI.,  John  Frensh,  eldest  son  of  John  Frensh, 
late  citizen  and  goldsmith  of  London,  confirmed  to 
Joan  Frensh,  widow,  his  mother — '  Totum  ten'  sive 


hospicium  cum  suis  pertin'  vocat'  Savagesynne,  alias 
vocat'  le  Belle  on  the  Hope  ;'  all  that  tenement  or  inn 
with  its  appurtenances,  called  Savage's  Inn,  otherwise 
called  the  Bell  on  the  Hoop,  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Bridget  in  Fleet  Street,  London,  to  have  and  to  hold 
the  same  for  term  of  her  life,  without  impeachment  of 
waste.  The  lease  to  Isabella  Savage  must  therefore 
have  been  anterior  in  date  ;  and  the  sign  in  the  olden 
day  was  the  Bell.  '  On  the  Hoop'  implied  the  ivy- 
bush,  fashioned,  as  was  the  custom,  as  a  garland."  — 
P.  137. 

ZEUS. 

Arms  of  Geneva  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  563.). — Berry's 
Encyclopedia  and  Robson's  British  Herald  give 
the  following : 

"  Per  pale  or  and  gules,  on  the  dexter  side  a  demi- 
imperial  eagle  crowned,  or,  divided  palewise  and  fixed 
to  the  impaled  line  :  on  the  sinister  side  a  key  in  pale 
argent,  the  wards  in  chief,  and  turned  to  the  sinister  ; 
the  shield  surmounted  with  a  marquis's  coronet." 

Boyer,  in  his  Theatre  of  Honour,  gives  — 

"  Party  per  pale  argent  and  gules,  in  the  first  a 
demi-eagle  displayed  sable,  cut  by  the  line  of  partition 
and  crowned,  beaked,  and  membered  of  the  second. 

"  In  the  second  a  key  in  pale  argent,  the  wards 
sinister." 

BROCTUNA. 

Bury,  Lancashire;. 

"  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments "  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  147.).  —  There  is  a  much  stranger  omission  in 
these  tales  than  any  MR.  ROBSON  has  mentioned. 
From  one  end  of  the  work  to  the  other  (in 
Galland's  version  at  least)  the  name  of  opium  is 
never  to  be  found ;  and  although  narcotics  are 
frequently  spoken  of,  it  is  always  in  the  form  of 
powder  they  are  administered,  which  shows  that 
that  substance  cannot  be  intended ;  yet  opium  is, 
unlike  tobacco  or  coffee,  a  genuine  Eastern  pro- 
duct, and  has  been  known  from  the  earliest  period 
in  those  regions.  J.  S.  WARDEW. 

Eichard  I.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  72.).  —  I  presume  that 
the  Richard  I.  of  the  "  Tablet "  is  the  "  Richard, 
King  of  England,"  who  figures  in  the  Roman  Ca- 
lendar on  the  7th  February,  but  who,  if  he  ever 
existed,  was  not  even  monarch  of  any  of  the  petty 
kingdoms  of  the  Heptarchy,  much  less  of  all  Eng- 
land. However,  not  to  go  farther  with  a  subject 
which  might  lead  to  polemical  controversy,  surely 
MR.  LUCAS  is  aware  that  a  new  series  of  kings 
began  to  be  reckoned  from  the  Conquest,  and  that 
three  Edwards,  who  had  much  more  right  to  be 
styled  kings  of  England  than  Richard  could  have 
possibly  had,  are  not  counted  in  the  number  of 
kings  of  that  name ;  the  reason  was,  I  believe, 
that  these  princes,  although  the  paramount  rulers 
of  the  country,  styled  themselves  much  more  fre- 
quently Kings  of  the  West  Saxons  than  Kings  of 
England.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


Lord  Clarendon  and  the  Tubwoman  (Vol.  vii., 
p.  211.).  —  I  regret  having  omitted  "  when  found, 
to  make  a  note  of,"  the  number  of  Chambers' 
Edinburgh  Journal  in  which  I  met  with  the  anec- 
dote referred  to  about  Sir  Thomas  Aylesbury, 
which  is  given  at  considerable  length  ;  and  having 
lent  my  set  of  "  Chambers  "  to  a  friend  at  a  dis- 
tance, I  cannot  at  present  furnish  the  reference 
required;  but  L.  will  find  it  in  one  of  the  volumes 
between  1838  and  1842  inclusive.  I  do  not  re- 
collect that  the  periodical  writer  gave  his  authority 
for  the  tale,  but  while  it  may  very  possibly  be 
true  as  regards  the  wife  of  Sir  Thomas  Aylesbury, 
it  is  evident  that  his  daughter,  a  wealthy  heiress, 
could  never  have  been  in  such  a  position ;  and  it 
is  not  recorded  that  Lord  Clarendon  had  any  other 
wife.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Oaths  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  G 05.).—  Archbishop  Whit- 
gift,  in  a  sermon  before  Queen  Elizabeth,  thus 
addresses  her : 

"  As  all  your  predecessors  were  at  this  coronation,  so 
you  also  were  sworn  before  all  the  nobility  and  bishops 
then  present,  and  in  the  presence  of  God,  and  in  His 
stead  to  him  that  anointed  you,  '  to  maintain  the 
church  lands  and  the  rights  belonging  to  it;'  and  this 
testified  openly  at  the  Holy  Altar,  by  laying  your  hands 
on  the  Bible  then  lying  upon  it.  (See  Walton's  Lives, 
Zouch's  ed.,  p.  243.)  " 

I  quote  from  the  editor's  introduction  to  Spel- 
man's  History  of  Sacrilege,  p.  75.,  no  doubt  cor- 
rectly cited.  H.  P. 

DouUe  Christian  Names  (Vol.  vii.  passim}.  — 
The  earliest  instances  of  these  among  British  sub- 
jects that  I  have  met  with,  are  in  the  families  of 
James,  seventh  Earl,  and  Charles,  eighth  Earl,  of 
Derby,  both  of  whom  married  foreigners  ;  the 
second  son  of  the  former  by  Charlotte  de  la  Tre- 
mouille,  born  24th  February,  1635,  and  named 
Henry  Frederick  after  his  grand-uncle,  the  stadt- 
holder,  is  perhaps  the  earliest  instance  to  be  found. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Chip  in  Porridge  (Vol.  i.,  p.  382. ;  Vol.  viii., 
p.  208.).  —  The  subjoined  extract  from  a  news- 
paper report  (Nov.  1806)  of  a  speech  of  Mr. 
Byng's,  at  the  Middlesex  election,  clearly  in- 
dicates the  meaning  of  the  phrase  : 

"  It  has  been  said,  that  I  have  played  the.game  of 
Mr.  Mellish.  I  have,  however,  done  nothing  towards 
his  success.  I  have  rendered  him  neither  service  nor 
disservice."  ["  No,  nor  to  anybody  else,"  said  a  person 
on  the  hustings;  "you  are  a  mere  chip  in  porridge."] 

W.  R.  D.  S. 

Clarence  Dukedom  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  565.).  — W.  T. 
M.  will  find  a  very  interesting  paper  on  this  sub- 
ject, by  Dr.  Donaldson,  in  the  Journal  of  the  Bury 
Archaeological  Society.  Q-. 


Prospectuses  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  562.).  — I  have  seen 
a  very  curious  volume  of  prospectuses  of  works 
contemplated  and  proposed,  but  which  have  never 
appeared,  and  wherein  may  be  found  much  in- 
teresting matter  on  all  departments  of  litera- 
ture. A  collection  of  this  description  would  not 
only  be  useful,  but  should  be  preserved.  A  list 
of  contemplated  publications  during  the  last  half 
century,  collected  from  such  sources,  would  not 
be  misplaced  in  "  1ST.  &  Q.,"  if  an  occasional 
column  could  be  devoted  to  the  subject.  Gr. 

"  I  put  a  spoke  in  his  wheel"  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  464. 
522.  576.).  —  This  phrase  must  have  had  its  origin 
in  the  days  in  which  the  vehicles  used  in  this 
country  had  wheels  of  solid  wood  without  spokes. 
Wheels  so  constructed  I  have  seen  in  the  west  of 
England,  in  Ireland,  and  in  France.  A  recent 
traveller  in  Moldo-Wallachia  relates  that  the 
people  of  the  country  go  from  place  to  place 
mounted  on  horses,  buffaloes,  or  oxen ;  but  among 
the  Boyards  it  is  "  fashionable  "  to  make  use  o*? 
a  vehicle  which  holds  a  position  in  the  scale  of 
conveyances  a  little  above  a  wheelbarrow  and  a 
little  below  a  dung-cart.  It  is  poised  on  four 
wheels  of  solid  wood  of  two  feet  diameter,  which 
are  more  or  less  rounded  by  means  of  an  axe.  A 
vehicle  used  in  the  cultivation  of  the  land  on  the 
slopes  of  the  skirts  of  Dartmoor  in  Devonshire, 
has  three  wheels  of  solid  wood;  it  resembles  a 
huge  wheelbarrow,  with  two  wheels  behind,  and 
one  in  front  of  it,  and  has  two  long  handles  like 
the  handles  of  a  plough,  projecting  behind  for  the 
purpose  of  guiding  it.  It  is  known  as  "  the  old 
three-wheeled  But."  As  the  horse  is  attached  to 
the  vehicle  by  chains  only,  and  he  has  no  power 
to  hold  it  back  when  going  down  hill,  the  driver 
is  provided  with  a  piece  of  wood,  "  a  spoke,"  which 
is  of  the  shape  of  the  wooden  pin  used  for  rolling 
paste,  for  the  purpose  of  "  dragging "  the  front 
wheel  of  the  vehicle.  This  he  effects  by  thrusting 
the  spoke  into  one  of  the  three  round  holes  made 
in  the  solid  wheel  for  that  purpose.  The  operation 
of  "  putting  a  spoke  in  a  wheel  by  way  of  impe- 
diment "  may  be  seen  in  daily  use  on  the  three- 
wheeled  carts  used  by  railway  navvies,  and  on  the 
tram  waggons  with  four  wheels  used  in  collieries 
to  convey  coals  from  the  pit's  mouth.  N.  W.  S. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

Every  lover  of  Goldsmith — and  who  ever  read  one 
page  of  his  delightful  writings  without  admiring  the 
author,  and  loving  the  man  — 

'*•          •          •          .          for  shortness  call  Noll, 
Who  wrote  like  an  angel, but  talk'd  like  poor  Poll?"— • 

must  be  grateful  to  Mr.  Murray  for  commencing  his 
New  Series  of  the  British  Classics  with  the  Works  of 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  220. 


Oliver  Goldsmith,  edited  by  Peter  Cunningham,  F.S.A. 

The  Series  is  intended  to  be  distinguished  by  skilful 
editorship,  beautiful  and  legible  type,  fine  paper,  com- 
pactness of  bulk,  and  economy  of  price.  Accordingly, 
these  handsome  library  volumes  will  be  published  at 
7s.  6d.  each.  If  Mr.  Murray  has  sho\vn  good  tact  in 
choosing  Goldsmith  for  his  first  author,  he  has  shown 
equal  judgment  in  selecting  Mr.  Cunningham  for  his 
editor.  Our  valued  correspondent,  it  is  well  known, 
and  will  be  proved  to  the  world  when  he  gives  us  his 
new  edition  of  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets  (which  by 
the  bye  is  to  be  included  in  this  Series  of  Murray's 
British  Classics),  has  long  devoted  himself  to  the  his- 
tory of  the  lives  and  writings  of  the  poets  of  the  past 
century.  But  in  the  present  instance  Mr.  Cunning- 
ham has  had  peculiar  advantages.  Beside.5  his  own 
collections  for  an  edition  of  Goldsmith,  he  has  had  the 
free  and  unrestricted  use  of  the  collections  formed  for 
the  same  purpose  by  Mr.  Forster  and  Mr.  Corney  : 
a  liberality  on  the  part  of  those  gentlemen  which  de- 
serves the  recognition  of  all  true  lovers  of  literature. 
With  such  aid  as  this,  and  his  own  industry  and  ability 
to  boot,  it  is  little  wonder  that  Mr.  Cunningham  has 
been  able  to  produce  under  Mr.  Murray's  auspices  the 
best,  handsomest,  and  cheapest  edition  of  Goldsmith 
which  has  ever  issued  from  the  press. 

Of  all  the  critics  of  Mr.  Dod's  Peerage,  Baronetage, 
and  Knightage  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Mr.  Dod 
is  himself  at  once  the  most  judicious  and  unsparing; 
and  the  consequence  is,  that  every  year  he  reproduces 
his  admirable  compendium  with  some  additional  fea- 
ture of  value  and  interest.  For  instance,  in  the  volume 
for  1854,  which  has  just  been  issued,  we  find,  among 
many  other  improvements,  that,  at  a  very  considerable 
cost,  the  attempt  made  in  1852  to  ascertain  and  record 
the  birthplace  of  every  person  who  is  the  possessor,  or 
the  next  heir,  of  any  title  of  honour,  has  been  renewed 
and  extended  with  such  success,  that  many  hundred 
additional  birthplaces  are  now  recorded ;  and  the  un- 
known remnant  has  become  unimportant.  These 
statements  are  perfectly  new  and  original,  acquired 
from  the  highest  sources  in  each  individual  case,  and 
wholly  unprecedented  in  the  production  of  peerage- 
books. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 


WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

COMPANION  TO  THE  ALMANAC.     All  published. 

ISAAC  TAYLOR'S  PHYSICAL  THEORY  OF  ANOTHER  LIFE. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  he  sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "  NOTK.S  AND 
QUERIES,"  186.  Fleet  Street.* 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

A  SERMON  ON  KNOWLEDGE.    By  Rev.  H.  J.  Rose.     Lond.   1826. 
LETTERS  BY  CATHOLICUS  on  Sir  Robt.  Peel's  Tamworth  Address. 

Lond.  1841. 
KiacHRR'g  MCSURGIA  UNIVERSAL™.     Roma?,  1650.    2  Toms  in 

1.    Folio. 
GLANVIL'S  Lux  ORIENTALS,  with  Notes  by  Dr.  II.  More.    Lond. 

1682.    8vo. 

Wanted  by  J.  G.,  care  of  Messrs.  Ponsonby,  Booksellers, 
Grafton  Street,  Dublin. 


SELDEN'S  WORKS  by  Wilkins.    Folio.    Vol.  III.  Part  II.    1726. 
BISHOP  GAUDEN,  the  Author  of  "  Icon  Basilike."  by  Dr.  Todd. 
8vo.     (A  Pamphlet.) 

Wanted  by  Thos.  G.  Stevenson,  Bookseller,  Edinburgh. 

KINGDOM'S    DICTIONARY   OF    QUOTATIONS  FROM   THE   ENGLISH 
POETS.    3  Vols.    Published  by  Whittaker. 

Wanted  by  A.  Griffith,  Bookseller,  8.  Baker  Street. 

CLARKE'S  MEMOIR  OF  W.  FALCONER. 

Wanted  by  F.  Dinsdale,  Leamington. 

PRESCOTT'S  CONQUEST  OF  MEXICO.    Bentley.     1843.     Vol.  I. 
Wanted  by  Henry  Ditchburn,  Esq.,  Gravesend. 

G.  MACROPEDII,  FABUL.K  COMICJE.    2  Tom.  8vo.   Utrecht,  1552. 
JUNIUS  DISCOVERED,  by  P.  T.     Published  about  1789. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  25.  Holywell  Street,  Millbank, 
Westminster. 


GALLERY  OF  PORTRAITS.  Published  by  Charles  Knight,  tinder 
the  Superintendence  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  U-eful 
Knowledge.  No.  XLIII.  (December,  1835),  containing  Adam 
Smith,  Calvin,  Mansfield. 

Wanted  by  Charles  Forbes,  3.  Elm  Court,  Temple. 


BRISTOL  DRQLLERY.    1674. 
HOLBORN  DROLLERY.    1673. 
HICKS'S  GRAMMATICAL  DROLLERY. 
OXFORD  JESTS. 
CAMBRIDGE  JESTS. 


1682. 


Wanted  by  C.£.,  12.  Gloucester  Green,  Oxford. 


MUDIE'S  BRITISH  BIRDS.    Bohn.     1841.    2nd  Volume. 
WAVERLEY.    1st  Edition. 

Wanted  by  F.  R.  Sowerby,  Halifax. 


to 


We  are  compelled  to  postpone  until  next  week  several  NOTES  ON 
BOOKS  and  NOTICES  TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

If  MR.  KF.RSLAKE  will  send  the  extract  from  liis  catalogue  which 
illustrates  the  corrupted  passage  in  Childe  Harold,  "  Thy  waters 
wasted  them,"  &c.,  we  will  give  it  insertion  in  our  columns. 

J.  W.  T.     Thanks.     Your  hint  shall  not  be  lost  sight  of. 

E.  R.  (Dublin).  Erastianism  is  so  called  from  Erastus,  a 
German  heretic  of  the  sixteenth  century.  (See,  for  farther  par- 
ticulars, Hook's  Church  Dictionary,  s.  v.) 

A  PRIEST.  We  do  not  like  to  insert  this  inquiry  without  being 
able  to  give  our  readers  a  specific  reference  to  some  paper  con- 
taining the  advertisement  ;  will  he  enable  ns  to  do  so  ? 

A.  B.  (Glasgow).  This  Correspondent  appears  to  have  fallen 
into  an  error  ;  on  reference  he  will  find  ether  not  washed  is  re- 
commended (  Vol.  vi.,  p.  277.  )  ,•  'Indly,  if  he  varnishes  his  pictures 
with  amber  varnish  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  562.)  previous  to  the  application 
of  the  black  varnish,  which  should  be  Mack  lacquer  and  not  Bruns- 
wick black,  then  he  will  succeed.  Courtesy  demands  a  reply  ; 
but  we  must  beg  a  more  careful  reading  of  our  recommendations, 
which  will  save  him  much  disappointment. 

PHOTO-INQUIRER.  Restoring  Old  Collodion.  —  The  question 
was  asked  in  a  late  Number.  Mr.  Crookes  being  a  practical  ns 
well  as  scientific  photographer,  we  hope  to  receive  a  solution  of  the 
Query 

INDEX  TO  VOLUME  THE  EIGHTH.  —  This  is  in  a  very  forward 
state,  and  will  be  ready  for  delivery  with  No.  221.  on  Saturday 
next. 

"NOTES  AND  QUERIES,"  Vols.  i.  to  vii.,  price  Three  Guineas 
and  a  Half.  —  Copies  are  being  made  up  and  may  he  had  by  order. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


JAN.  14.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


47 


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Directors. 


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M.P. 

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Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
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Age 


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22  -        -        -  1  18    8       37  -        -        -  2  18    6 
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.ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6f/.,  Second  Edition, 
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ment Street,  London. 


POLICY  HOLDERS  in  other 
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London  Branch,  12.  Moorgate  Street. 


ENNETT'S       MODEL 

.  ,  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
IIBITION.  No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Casts,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
nil  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  truineas  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  21.,  31.,  and  4l.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


"VYLO- IODIDE    OF    SILVER,    exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

J\.  too-raphic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  fif  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  tlie  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  serarate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  1  ull  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION.  — Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP :  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST, 


.  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 

:jf  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  is.,  2s., 
ARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ;   and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  gs^Farringdou  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


Photograi.hic  "Chefnieais  :  and  may  be  "procured" 
and  3s.  Gd.  each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWAR 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAME- 
RAS. -OTTE WILL'S  REGISTERED 
DOUBLE-BODIED  FOLDING  CAMERA, 
is  superior  to  every  other  form  of  Camera, 
for  the  Photographic  Tourist,  from  its  capa- 
bility of  Elongation  or  Contraction  to  any 
Focal  Adjustment,  its  Portability,  and  its 
adaptation  for  taking  either  Views  or  Por- 
traits— The  Trade  supplied. 

Every  Description  of  Camera,  or  Slides,  Tri- 
pod Stands,  Printing  Frames,  Ac.,  may  be  ob- 
tained at  his  MANUFACTORY,  Charlotte 
Terrace,  Barusbury  Road,  Islington. 

New  Inventions,  Models,  &c.,made  to  order 
or  from  Drawings. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

L  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKTN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half  tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
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HOCKIN.  Price  1*.,  per  Po=t,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHY. 

A    COMPLETE  SET  OF  AP- 

J\.  PARATUS  for  4l.  4s.,  containing  an 
Expanding  Camera,  with  warranted  Double 
Achromatic  Adjusting  Lenses,  a  Portable 
Stand,  Pressure  Frame,  Levelling  Stand,  and 
Baths,  complete. 

PORTRAIT  LENSES  of  double  Achro- 
matic combination,  from  II.  12s.  6d. 

LANDSCAPE  LENSES,  with  Rack  Ad- 
justment, from  25s. 

A  GUIDE  to  the  Practice  of  this  interesting 
Art,  Is.,  by  post  free.  Is.  Gd. 

French  Polished  MAHOGANY  STEREO- 
SCOPES, from  10s.  Gd.  A  large  assortment  of 
STEREOSCOPIC  PICTURES  for  the  same 
in  Daguerreotype,  Calotype,  or  Albumen,  at 
equally  low  prices. 

ACHROMATIC  MICROSCOPES. 

Beautifully  finished  ACHROMATIC  MI- 
CROSCOPE, with  all  the  latest  improvements 
and  apparatus,  complete  from  31. 15s.,  at 

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strument Warehouse,  244.  High  Holborn  (op- 
posite Day  &  Martin's). 


ALLEN'S     'ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
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PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
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MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
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kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 

TTEAL  &  SON'S  EIDER  DOWN 

_tL  QUILT  is  the  warmest,  the  lightest, 
and  the  most  elegant  Covering  for  the  Bed, 
the  Couch,  or  the  Carriage  ;  and  for  Invalids, 
its  comfort  cannot  be  too  highly  appreciated. 
It  is  made  in  Three  Varieties,  of  which  a  large 
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ment.  List  of  Prices  of  the  above,  together 
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PRINCE      OF      WALES'S 
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[No.  220. 


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SATURDAY,  JANUARY  21.  1854. 


f  With  Index,  price  1(X- 
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CONTENTS. 

SOTES  :  —  Page 

A  Plea  for  the  City  Churches,  by  the 

Rev.  R.  Hooper     -          -          -  -  51 

Echo  Poetry  -           -           -           -  -  51 

Ambiguity  in  Public  Writing       -  -  52 

ACaroloftheKinss           -           -  -  53 

Sir  W.  Scott  and  Sir  W.  Napier  -  -  53 

MINOR  NOTES  :  — Sign  of  Rain  —Commu- 
nications with  Iceland— Starvation,  an 
Americanism  — Strange  Epitaphs  -  53 


Buonaparte's  Abdication  -  -          -  54 

Death  Warnings  in  Ancient  Familie*     -  55 
The  Scarlet  Regimentals  of  the  English 

Army          .....  55 

.MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Berkhampstead  Re- 
cords —  "  The  secunde  personne  of  the 
Trinetee"  —  St.  John's,  Oxford,  and 
Emmanuel,  Cambridge  —  "  Malbrough 
«'en  va-t-en  guerre  "  —  Prelate  quoted 
in  Procopius  —  The  Alibenistic  Order 
of  Freemasons  —  Saying  respecting  An- 
cient History  —An  Apology  for  not 
speaking  the  Truth  —  Sir  John  Morant 
—Portrait  of  Plowden  —  Temperature 
of  Cathedrals  _  Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon  _ 
The  Duke  of  Buckingham  —  Charles 
"Watson  _  Early  (German)  coloured 
Engravings  -  -  -  -  56 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  _ 
History  of  M.  Oufle  —  Lysons'  MSS.  _ 
"Luke's  Iron  Crown  —  "  Horam 
coramDago"  -  -  -  -57 


Hoby  Family,  by  Lord  Braybrooke  - 

Poetical  Tavern  Sisrns        -           -  - 

Translation  from  Sheridan,  &c.    -  - 

Florins  and  the  Royal  Arms          -  - 
Chronograms,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Sparrow 

Simpson      -           -           -           -  - 

Oaths,  by  James  F.  Ferguson,       -  - 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Split- 
ting Paper  for  Photographic  Purposes 


—  Curling  of  Iodized  Paper  —  How  the 

Rod  is  t      " 


Glass ! 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES: Wooden 

Tombs  and  Effiuies  — Epitaph  on  Poli- 
tian  — Defoe's  Quotation  from  Baxter 
oil  Apparitions  — Barrels  Regiment  — 
Sneezing  — Does  "  Wurm,"  in  modern 
German,  ever  mean  Serpent  ?  —  Long- 
fellow's Reaper  and  the  Flowers  — 
Charge  of  Plagiarism  against  Paley  — 
Tin  —  John  Waugh  —  Rev.  Joshua 
Brooks  —  Hour-glass  Stand  —  Teeth 
Superstition  —  Dog-whipping  Day  in 
Hull  — Mousehunt  — St.  Paul's  School 
Library  —  German  Tree  —  Derivation 
of  the  Word  "Cash"  -  -  -  62 

^MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.  -  -  66 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted  -  66 

-Notices  to  Correspondents         -  -  67 


VOL.  IX.— No.  221. 


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51 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  21,  1854. 


A   PLEA   FOR    THE    CITY    CHURCHES. 

When  a  bachelor  is  found  wandering  about,  he 
cares  not  whither,  your  fair  readers  (for  doubtless 
such  a  "  dealer  in  curiosities "  as  you  are  has 
many  of  that  sex  who,  however  unjustly,  have  the 
credit  of  the  "  curious  "  bump)  will  naturally  ex- 
claim "  he  must  be  in  love,"  or  "  something  hor- 
rible has  happened  to  him."  Let  us,  however, 
disappoint  them  by  assuring  them  we  shall  keep 
our  own  counsel.  If  the  former  be  the  cause, 
green  lanes  and  meandering  streams  would  suit 
his  case  better  than  Gracechurch  Street,  London, 
with  the  thermometer  five  or  six  degrees  below 
freezing  point,  and  the  snow  (!)  the  colour  and 
consistency  of  chocolate.  Such  a  situation,  how- 
ever, was  ours,  when  our  friend  the  Incumbent  of 
Holy  Trinity,  Minories,  accosted  us.  He  was 
going  to  his  church;  would  we  accompany  him  ? 
We  would  have  gone  to  New  Zealand  with  him,  if 
he  had  asked  us,  at  that  moment.  The  locale  of 
the  Minories  was  nearly  as  unknown  to  us  as  the 
aforesaid  flourishing  colony.  On  entering  the 
church  (which  will  not  repay  an  architectural 
zealot),  while  our  friend  was  extracting  a  burial 
register,  our  eye  fell  on  an  old  monument  or  two. 
There  was  a  goodly  Sir  John  Pelham,  who  had 
been  cruelly  cut  down  by  the  hand  of  death  in 
1580,  looking  gravely  at  his  sweet  spouse,  a  dame 
of  the  noble  house  of  Bletsoe.  Behind  him  is 
kneeling  his  little  son  and  heir  Oliver,  whom,  as 
the  inscription  informs  us,  "  Death  enforced  to 
follow  fast "  his  papa,  as  he  died  in  1584. 

And  there  was  a  stately  monument  of  the  first 
Lord  Dartmouth,  a  magnanimous  hero,  and  Master 
of  the  Ordnance  to  Charles  II.  and  his  renegade 
brother.  We  were  informed  that  a  gentleman  in 
the  vestry  had  come  for  the  certificate  of  the 
burial  of  Viscount  Lewisham,  who  died  some 
thirty  years  ago ;  that  the  Legge  family  were  all 
buried  here  ;  that  after  having  dignified  the  aris- 
tocratic parish  of  St.  George,  Hanover  Square, 
and  the  salons  of  May  Fair,  during  life,  they  were 
content  to  lie  quietly  in  the  Minories  !  Does  not 
the  high  blood  of  the  "  city  merchant "  of  the 
present  day,  of  the  "gentleman"  of  the  Stock 
Exchange,  curdle  at  the  thought  ?  Yes,  there  lie 
many  a  noble  heart,  many  a  once  beautiful  face ; 
but  we  must  now- a- days,  forsooth,  forget  the 
City  as  soon  as  we  have  made  our  money  in  its 
dirty  alleys.  To  lie  there  after  death !  pooh,  the 
thought  is  absurd.  (Thanks  to  Lord  Palmerston, 
we  have  no  option  now.) 

Well,  we  were  then  asked  by  the  worthy  In- 
cumbent, "  Would  you  not  like  to  see  my  head  ?" 
Did  he  take  us  for  a  Lavater  or  a  Spurzheim  ? 
However,  we  were  not  left  in  suspense  long,  for 


out  of  the  muniment  closet  was  produced  a  tin 
box  ;  we  thought  of  Heading  biscuits,  but  we  were 
undeceived  shortly.  Taken  out  carefully  and 
gently,  was  produced  a  human  head  !  No  mere 
skull,  but  a  perfect  human  head !  Alas !  its 
wearer  had  lost  it  in  an  untimely  hour.  Start 
not,  fair  reader !  we  often  lose  our  heads  and 
hearts  too,  but  not,  we  hope,  in  the  mode  our  poor 
friend  did.  It  was  clear  a  choice  had  been  given 
to  him,  but  it  was  a  Hobson's  choice.  He  had 
been  axed  whether  he  would  or  no  !  He  had  been 
decapitated !  We  were  told  that  now  ghastly 
head  had  once  been  filled  with  many  an  anxious, 
and  perhaps  happy,  thought.  It  had  had  right 
royal  ideas.  It  was  said  to  be  the  head  of  Henry 
Grey,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  the  father  of  the  sweet 
Lady  Jane  Grey.  We  could  muse  and  moralise ; 
but  Captain  Cuttle  cuts  us  short,  "  When  found, 
make  a  Note  of  it."  We  found  it  then  there,  Sir ; 
will  you  make  the  Note  ?  The  good  captain  does 
not  like  to  be  prolix.  Has  his  esteemed  old  re- 
lative, Sylvanus  Urban  (many  happy  new  years  to 
him  !),  made  the  note  before  ? 

We  came  away,  shall  we  say  better  in  mind  ? 
Yes,  said  we,  a  walk  in  the  City  may  be  as  in- 
structive, and  as  good  a  cure  for  melancholy,  as 
the  charming  country.  An  old  city  church  can 
tell  its  tale,  and  a  good  one  too.  We  thought  of 
those  quaint  old  monuments,  handed  down  from 
older  churches  'tis  true,  but  still  over  the  slum- 
bering ashes  of  our  forefathers;  and  when  the 
thought  of  the  destroying  hand  that  hung  over 
them  arose  amid  many  associations,  the  Bard  of 
Avon's  fearful  monumental  denunciation  came  to 
our  aid : 

"  Blest  be  the  man  that  spares  these  stones, 
And  curst  be  he  that  moves  these  bones." 

EICHARD  HOOPER. 

St.  Stephen's,  Westminster. 


ECHO    POETR3T. 

"  A  Dialogue  between  a  Glutton  and  Echo . 

Gl.   My  belly  I  do  deifie. 

Echo.    Fie. 

GL   Who  curbs  his  appetite's  a  fool. 

Echo.  Ah  fool ! 

Gl.   I  do  not  like  this  abstinence. 

Echo.  Hence. 

GL   My  joy  's  a  feast,  rny  wish  is  wine. 

Echo.   Swine  ! 

GL  We  epicures  are  happie  truly. 

Echo.  You  lie. 

GL  Who's  that  which  giveth  me  the  lie? 

Echo.   I. 

Gl.   What  ?  Echo,  thou  that  mock'st  a  voice  ? 

Echo.  A  voice. 

GL  May  I  not,  Echo,  eat  my  fill? 

Echo.   111. 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  221. 


Gl  Will't  hurt  me  if  I  drink  too  much  ? 

Echo.   Much. 

GL   Thou  mock'st  me,  Nymph ;   I'll  not  believe  it. 

Echo.    Believe't. 

GL  Dost  thou  condemn  then  what  I  do  ? 

Echo.  I  do. 

GL  I  grant  it  doth  exhaust  the  purse. 

Echo.    Worse. 

GL  Is't  this  which  dulls  the  sharpest  wit? 

Echo.    Best  wit. 

GL  Is't  this  which  brings  infirmities  ? 

Echo.  It  is. 

GL   Whither  will't  bring  my  soul  ?  canst  tell  ? 

Echo.   T  hell. 

GL  Dost  thou  no  gluttons  virtuous  know  ? 

Echo.    No. 

GL   Wouldst  have  me  temperate  till  I  die  ? 

Echo.  I. 

GL   Shall  I  therein  finde  ease  and  pleasure  ? 

Echo.  Yea  sure. 

GL   But  is  't  a  thing  which  profit  brings? 

Echo.   It  brings. 

GL   To  minde  or  bodie  ?  or  to  both? 

Echo.  To  both. 

GL  Will  it  my  life  on  earth  prolong  ? 

Echo.  O  long ! 

GL   Will  it  make  me  vigorous  until  death?  j 

Echo.  Till  death. 

GL  Will't  bring  me  to  eternall  blisse  ?    ' 

Echo.  Yes. 

Gl.   Then,  sweetest  Temperance,  I'll  love  thee. 

Echo.   I  love  thee. 

Gl.  Then,  swinish  Gluttonie,  I'll  leave  thee. 

Echo.   I'll  leave  thee. 

GL   I'll  be  a  belly-god  no  more. 

Echo.  No  more. 

GL   If  all  be  true  which  thou  dost  tell, 
They  who  fare  sparingly  fare  well. 

Echo.  Farewell. 

«  S.  J." 

*l  Hygiasticon  :  or  the  right  Course  of  preserving  Life 
and  Health  unto  extream  old  Age  :  together  with 
soundnesse  and  integritie  of  the  Senses,  Judge- 
ment, and  Memorie.  Written  in  Latine  by 
Leonard  Lessius,  and  now  drfne  into  English. 
24mo.  Cambridge,  1634." 

I  send  the  above  poem,  and  title  of  the  work  it 
is  copied  from,  in  the  hope  it  may  interest  those 
of  your  correspondents  who  have  lately  been 
turning  their  attention  to  this  style  of  composi- 
tion. H.  B. 

Warwick. 


AMBIGUITY   IN   PUBLIC    WRITING. 

In  Brenan's  Composition  and  Punctuation,  pub- 
lished by  Wilson,  Royal  Exchange,  he  strongly 
condemns  the  one  and  the  other,  as  used  for  the 
former  and  the  latter,  or  the  first  and  the  last. 
The  understood  rule  is,  that  the  one  refers  to  the 
nearest  or  latter  person  or  thing  mentioned,  and 
the  other  to  the  farthest  or  former ;  and  if  that 


were  strictly  adhered  to,  no  objection  could  be 
raised.  But  I  have  found,  from  careful  observation 
for  two  or  three  years  past,  that  some  of  our 
standard  writers  reverse  the  rule,  and  use  the  one 
for  the  former,  and  the  other  for  the  latter,  by 
which  I  have  often  been  completely  puzzled  to 
know  what  they  meant  in  cases  of  importance. 
Now,  since  there  is  not  the  slightest  chance  of 
unanimity  here,  I  think  the  author  is  right  in  con- 
demning their  referential  usage  altogether.  A 
French  grammarian  says,  "  Ce  qui  n'est  pas  clair 
n'est  pas  FranQais;"  but  though  French  is  far 
from  having  no  ambiguities,  he  showed  that  he 
fully  appreciated  what  ought  to  be  the  proudest 
boast  of  any  language,  clearness.  There  is  a 
notable  want  of  it  on  the  marble  tablet  under  the 
portico  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  which  says : 

"  The  church  of  this  parish  having  been  destroyed 
by  fire  on  the  17th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1795,  was 
rebuilt,  and  opened  for  divine  service  on  the  1st  day  of 
August,  A.D.  1798." 

The  writer,  no  doubt,  congratulated  himself  on 
avoiding  the  then  common  error,  in  similar  cases, 
of  "  This  church  having,"  &c. ;  for  that  asserted, 
that  the  very  building  we  were  looking  at  was 
burned  down !  But  in  eschewing  one  manifest 
blunder,  he  fell  /into  ambiguity  and  inconclusive- 
ness  equally  reprehensible.  For,  as  it  never  was 
imperative  that  a  parish  church  should  be  always 
confined  to  a  particular  spot,  we  are  left  in  doubt 
as  to  where  the  former  one  stood ;  nor,  indeed, 
are  we  told  whether  the  present  building  is  the 
parish  church.  Better  thus :  "  The  church  of 
this  parish,  which  stood  on  the  present  site,  having," 
&c. 

Even  with  this  change  another  seems  necessary, 
for  we  should  then  be  virtually  informed,  as  we 
are  now,  that  the  church  was  rebuilt,  and  opened 
for  divine  service,  in  one  day  !  *  Such  is  the  care 
requisite,  when  attempting  comprehensive  brevity, 
for  the  simplest  historical  record  intended  to  go 
down  to  posterity.  It  is  no  answer  to  say,  that 
every  one  apprehends  what  the  inscription  means, 
for  that  would  sanction  all  kinds  of  obscurity  and 
blunders.  When  Paddy  tells  us  of  wooden  panes 
of  glass  and  mile-stones  ;  of  dividing  a  thing  into 
three  halves ;  of  backing  a  carriage  straight  for- 
wards, or  of  a  dismal  solitude  where  nothing 
could  be  heard  but  silence,  we  all  perfectly  under- 
stand what  he  means,  while  we  laugh  at  his  un- 
conscious union  of  sheer  impossibilities.  CIARUS. 


*  The  following  arrangement,  which  only  slightly 
alters  the  text,  corrects  the  main  defects  :  "  The  church 
of  this  parish,  which  stood  on  the  present  site,  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  on  [date]  ;  and,  having  been  rebuilt, 
was  opened  for  divine  service  on  [date]," 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


A    CAROL   OF   THE    KINGS. 

According  to  one  legend,  the  three  sons  of  Noah 
were  raised  from  the  dead  to  represent  all  mankind  at 
Bethlehem.  According  to  another,  they  slept  a  deep 
sleep  in  a  cavern  on  Ararat  until  Messias  was  born,  and 
then  an  angel  aroused  and  showed  them  The  Southern 
Cross,  then  first  created  to  be  the  beacon  of  their  way. 
When  the  starry  signal  had  fulfilled  its  office  it  went 
on,  journeying  towards  the  south,  until  it  reached  its 
place  to  bend  above  The  Peaceful  Sea  in  memorial  of 
the  Child  Jesu. 

I. 
Three  ancient  men,  in  Bethlehem's  cave, 

With  awful  wonder  stand  : 
A  Voice  had  call'd  them  from  their  grave 
In  some  far  Eastern  land  1 

IT. 

They  lived  :  they  trod  the  former  earth, 
When  the  old  waters  swell'd  :  — 

The  ark,  that  womb  of  second  birth, 
Their  house  and  lineage  held  ! 

in. 

Pale  Japhet  bows  the  knee  with  gold  ; 

Bright  Shem  sweet  incense  brings  : 
And  Ham — the  myrrh  his  fingers  hold  — 

Lo !  the  Three  Orient  Kings  ! 

IV. 

Types  of  the  total  earth,  they  hail'd 

The  signal's  starry  frame  :  — 
Shuddering  with  second  life,  they  quailM 

At  the  Child  Jesu's  name  ! 

v. 

Then  slow  the  patriarchs  turn'd  and  trod, 

And  this  their  parting  sigh — 
"  Our  eyes  have  seen  the  living  God, 

And  now,  once  more  to  die  ! " 

H.  or  M. 


SIR   W.  SCOTT   AND    SIR   W.  NAPIER. 

Some  short  time  ago  there  appeared  in  The 
Times  certain  letters  relative  to  a  song  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott  in  disparagement  of  Fox,  said  to  have 
been  sung  at  the  dinner  given  in  Edinburgh  on 
the  acquittal  of  Viscount  Melville.  In  one  letter, 
signed  "  W.  Napier,"  it  is  asserted,  on  the  au- 
thority of  a  lady,  that  Scott  sang  the  song,  which 
gave  great  offence  to  the  Whig  party  at  the  time. 

Now,  I  must  take  the  liberty  of  declaring  this 
assertion  to  be  incorrect.  I  had  the  honour  of 
knowing  pretty  intimately  Sir  Walter  from  the 
year  1817  down  to  the  period  of  his  departure  for 
the^  Continent.  I  have  been  present  at  many  con- 
vivial meetings  with  him,  and  conversed  with  him 
times  without  number,  and  he  has  repeatedly  de- 
clared that,  although  fond  of  music,  he  could  not 
sing  from  his  boyhood,  and  could  not  even  hum  a 


tune  so  as  to  be  intelligible  to  a  listener.  The 
idea,  therefore,  of  his  making  such  a  public  ex- 
hibition of  himself  as  to  sing  at  a  public  meeting, 
is  preposterous. 

But  in  the  next  place  the  cotemporary  evidence 
on  the  subject  is  conclusive.  An  account  of  the 
dinner  was  published  in  the  Courunt  newspaper, 
and  it  is  there  stated  "  that  one  song  was  sung, 
the  poetry  of  which  was  said  to  come  from  the 
muse  of  '  the  last  lay,'  and  was  sung  with  ad- 
mirable effect  by  the  proprietor  of  the  Ballantyne 


It  is  perhaps  unnecessary  to  explain  that  the 
singer  was  the  late  John  Ballantyne,  and  I  have 
my  doubts  if  the  song  referred  to  in  the  contro- 
versy was  the  one  sung  upon  the  occasion.  This, 
however,  is  merely  a  speculation  arising  from  the 
fact,  that  this  was  a  song  not  included  in  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  works,  which  upon  the  very  highest 
authority  I  have  been  informed  was  sung  there, 
but  of  which  Lord  Ellenborough,  and  not  Charles 
Fox,  was  the  hero.  It  is  entitled  "  Justice  Law," 
and  is  highly  laudatory  of  the  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury. It  has  been  printed  in  the  Supplement 
to  the  Court  of  Session  Garland,  p.  10.,  and  the 
concluding  verse  is  as  follows  : 

"  Then  here's  to  the  prelate  of  wisdom  and  fame, 
Tho'  true  Presbyterians  we'll  drink  to  his  name  ; 
Long,  long  may  he  live  to  teach  prejudice  awe, 
And  since  Melville's  got  justice,  the  devil  take  law." 

Again  I  repeat  this  conjecture  may  be  erroneous  ; 
but  that  Sir  Walter  never  sung  any  song  at  all 
at  the  meeting  is,  I  think,  beyond  dispute.  J.  M. 


Sign  of  Rain.  —  Not  far  from  Weobley,  co. 
Hereford,  is  a  high  hill,  on  the  top  of  which  is  a 
clump  of  trees  called  "  Ladylift  Clump,"  and  thus 
named  in  the  Ordnance  map :  it  is  a  proverbial 
expression  in  the  surrounding  neighbourhood,  that 
when  this  clump  is  obscured  with  clouds,  wet 
weather  soon  follows ;  connected  with  which,  many 
years  since  I  met  with  the  following  lines,  which 
may  prove  interesting  to  many  of  your  readers  : 

«  When  Ladie  Lift 
Puts  on  her  shift, 
Shee  feares  a  downright  raine ; 
But  when  she  doffs  it,  you  will  finde 
The  raine  is  o'er,  and  still  the  winde, 
And  Phcebus  shine  againe." 

What  is  the  origin  of  this  name  having  been  given 
to  the  said  clump  of  trees  ?         J.  B.  WHITBORNE. 

Communications  ivith  Iceland.  —  In  the  summer 
of  1851 1  directed  attention  to  the  communications 
with  Iceland.  I  am  just  informed  that  the  Danish 
government  will  send  a  war  steamer  twice  next 
summer  to  the  Faroe  Islands  and  to  Iceland, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  221. 


calling  at  Leith  both  ways  for  passengers.  The 
times  of  sailing  will  probably  be  announced  to- 
wards spring  in  the  public  prints.  This  oppor- 
tunity of  visiting  that  strange  and  remarkable 
island  in  so  advantageous  a  manner  is  worthy  of 
notice,  as  desirable  modes  of  getting  there  very 
rarely  occur. 

The  observing  traveller,  in  addition  to  the 
wonders  of  nature,  should  not  fail  to  note  there 
the  social  and  physical  condition,  and  diseases  of 
the  inhabitants.  He  will  there  find  still  lingering, 
fostered  by  dirt,  bad  food,  and  a  squalid  way  of 
living,  the  true  leprosy  (in  Icelandic,  spelalshd) 
-which  prevailed  throughout  Europe  in  the  Middle 
Ages;  and  which  now  survives  only  there,  in  Nor- 
way, and  in  some  secluded  districts  in  central  and 
southern  Europe.  He  will  also  note  the  remark- 
able exemption  of  the  Icelanders  from  pulmonary 
consumption  ;  a  fact  which  seems  extraordinary, 
considering  the  extreme  dampness,  inclemency, 
and  variability  of  the  climate.  But  the  con- 
sumptive tendency  is  always  found  to  cease  north 
of  a  certain  parallel  of  latitude. 

WM.  E.  C.  NOUBSK. 

8.  Burwood  Place,  Hyde  Park. 

Starvation,  an  Americanism.  —  Strange  as  it  may 
appear,  it  is  nevertheless  quite  true  that  this 
word,  now  unhappily  so  common  on  every  tongue, 
as  representing  the  condition  of  so  many  of  the 
sons  and  daughters  of  the  sister  lands  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  is  not  to  be  found  in  our  own 
English  dictionaries  ;  neither  in  Todd's  Johnson, 
published  in  1826,"  nor  in  Richardson's,  published 
ten  years  later,  nor  in  Smart's  —  Walker  remo- 
delled—  published  about  the  same  time  as  Ri- 
chardson's. It  is  Webster  who  has  the  credit  of 
importing  it  from  his  country  into  this; -and  in  a 
supplement  issued  a  few  years  ago,  Mr.  Smart 
adopted  it  as  "a  trivial  word,  but  in  very  common, 
and  at  present  good  use." 

What  a  lesson  might  Mr.  Trench  read  us,  that 
it  should  be  so ! 

Our  older  poets,  to  the  time  of  Dryden,  used 
the  compound  "  hunger-starved."  We  now  say, 
,  starved  witli  cold.  Chaucer  speaks  of  Christ  as 
"  He  that  star/  for  our  redemption,"  of  Creseide 
"which  well  nigh  starf  for  feare;"  Spenser,  of 
arms  "  which  doe  men  in  bale  to  sterve."  (See 
Starve  in  Richardson.)  In  the  Pardoneres  Tale, 
v.  12799: 

"  Ye  (yea),  sterve  he  shall,  and  that  in  lesse  while 
Than  thou  wilt  gon  a  pas  not  but  a  mile  ; 
This  poison  is  so  strong  and  violent." 

And  again,  v.  12822  : 

*'  It  happed  him 

To  take  the  hotelle  there  the  poison  was, 
And  dronke  ;  and  gave  his  felau  drinke  also, 
For  which  anone  they  storven  bothe  two." 


Mr.  Tyrwhit  explains,  "  to  die,  to  perish ;  "  and 
the  general  meaning  of  the  word  was,  "to  die,  or 
cause  to  die,  to  perish,  to  destroy."  Q. 

Strange  Epitaphs.  —  The  following  combined 
"  bull "  and  epitaph  may  amuse  your  readers.  I 
copied  it  in  April,  1850,  whilst  on  an  excursion 
to  explore  the  gigantic  tumuli  of  New  Grange, 
Dowth,  &c. 

Passing  through  the  village  of  Monknewtown, 
about  four  miles  from  Drogheda,  I  entered  a 
burial-ground  surrounding  the  ivy-clad  ruins  of  a 
chapel.  In  the  midst  of  a  group  of  dozen  or  more 
tombstones,  some  very  old,  all  bearing  the  name 
of  "Kelly,"  was  a  modern  upright  slab,  well 
executed,  inscribed,  — 

"  Erected  by  PATRICK  KELLY, 

Of  the  Towii  of  Drogheda,  Mariner, 

In  Memory  of  his  Posterity." 

"  Also  the  above  PATRICK  KELLY, 
Who  departed  this  Life  the  12th  August,  1844, 

Aged  60  years. 
Requiescat  in  Pace." 

I  gave  a  copy  of  this  to  a  friend  residing  at 
Llanbeblig,  Carnarvonshire,  who  forwarded  me  the 
annexed  from  a  tombstone  in  the  parish  church- 
yard there  : 

"  Of  such  is  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven. 

Here  lie  the  Remains  of  THOMAS  CHAMBERS, 

Dancing  Master ; 
Whose  genteel  address  and  assiduity 

in  Teaching, 

Recommended  him  to  all  that  had  the 

Pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 

He  died  June  13,  1765, 

Aged  31." 

R.  H.  B. 
Bath. 


©tterfetf. 
BUONAPARTE'S  ABDICATION. 

A  gentleman  living  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
London  bought  a  table  five  or  six  years  ago  at 
Wilkinson's,  an  old  established  upholsterer  on 
Ludgate  Hill. 

In  a  concealed  part  of  the  leg  of  the  table  he 
found  a  brass  plate,  on  which  was  the  following 
inscription : 

"  Le  Cinq  d'Avril,  dix-huit  cent  quatorze,  Napoleon 
Buonaparte  signa  son  abdication  sur  cette  table  dans 
le  cabinet  de  travail  du  Roi,  Ie2me  apres  la  chatnbre  a 
coucher,  a  Fontainebleau." 

The  people  at  Wilkinson's  could  give  no  account 
of  the  table  :  they  said  it  had  been  a  long  time  in 
the  shop ;  they  did  not  remember  of  whom  it  had 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


been  bought,  and  were  surprised  when  the  brass 
plate  was  pointed  out  to  them. 

The  table  is  a  round  one,  and  rather  pretty 
looking,  about  two  feet  and  a  half  in  diameter, 
and  supported  on  one  leg.  It  does  not  look  like 
a  table  used  for  writing^but  rather  resembles  a 
lady's  work-table.  The  wood  with  which  it  is 
veneered  has  something  the  appearance  of  beef 
wood. 

Wilkinson's  shop  does  not  now  exist :  he  used 
to  deal  in  curiosities,  and  was  employed  as  an 
auctioneer. 

The  gentleman  who  bought  this  table  is  de- 
sirous of  ascertaining  at  what  time  the  table  still 
shown  at  Fontainebleau,  as  that  on  which  the  ab- 
dication was  signed,  was  first  exhibited  :  whether 
immediately  after  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons, 
or  later,  in  consequence  of  a  demand  for  shows  of 
that  sort  ?  Whether  it  is  a  fact  that  the  Bourbons 
turned  out  the  imperial  furniture  from  Fontaine- 
bleau and  other  palaces  after  their  return  ? 

The  date,  "cinq  d'Avril,"  is  wrong;  the  abdi- 
cation was  signed  on  the  4th.  This  error,  how- 
ever, leads  one  to  suspect  that  the  table  is  genuine  : 
as  any  one  preparing  a  sham  table  would  have 
been  careful  in  referring  to  printed  documents. 
From  the  tenor  of  the  inscription,  we  may  infer 
that  it  is  the  work  of  a  Royalist. 

The  Marshals  present  with  Napoleon  when  he 
signed  his  abdication  were  Ney,  Oudinot,  and 
Lefevre  ;  and  perhaps  Caulincourt.  A  CANTAB. 

University  Club. 


DEATH    WARNINGS    IN    ANCIENT    FAMILIES. 

I  marvel  much  that  none  of  your  contributors  in 
this  line  have  touched  upon  a  very  interesting 
branch  of  legendary  family  folk  lore,  namely,  the 
supernatural  appearances,  and  other  circumstances 
of  a  ghostly  nature,  that  are  said  to  invariably  pre- 
cede a  death  in  many  time-honoured  families  of  the 
united  kingdoms. 

We  have  all  heard  of  the  mysterious  "  White 
Ladye,"  that  heralds  the  approach  of  death,  or 
dire  calamity,  to  the  royal  house  of  Hohenzollern. 
In  like  manner,  the  apparition  of  two  gigantic 
owls  upon  the  battlements  of  Wardour  is  said  to 
give  sad  warning  to  the  noble  race  of  Arundel. 
The  ancient  Catholic  family  of  Middleton  have 
the  same  fatal  announcement  made  to  them  by 
the  spectral  visitation  of  a  Benedictine  nun  ; 
while  a  Cheshire  house  of  note,  I  believe  that  of 
Brereton,  are  prepared  for  the  last  sad  hour  by 
the  appearance  of  large  trunks  of  trees  floating  in 
a  lake  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  their  family 
mansion.  To  two  families  of  venerable  antiquity, 
and  both,  if  I  remember  right,  of  the  county  of 
Lancashire,  the  approaching  death  of  a  relative  is 
made  known  in  one  case  by  loud  and  continued 


knockings  at  the  hall  door  at  the  solemn  hour  of 
midnight ;  and  in  the  other,  by  strains  of  wild 
and  unearthly  music  floating  in  the  air. 

The  "  Banshee,"  well  known  in  Ireland,  and  in. 
the  highlands  of  Scotland,  is,  I  believe,  attached 
exclusively  to  families  of  Celtic  origin,  and  is 
never  heard  of  below  the  Grampian  range  ;  al- 
though the  ancient  border  house  of  Kirkpatrick 
of  Closeburn  (of  Celtic  blood  by  the  way)  is  said 
to  be  attended  by  a  familiar  of  this  kind. 

Again,  many  old  manor-houses  are  known  to 
have  been  haunted  by  a  friendly,  good-natured 
sprite,  ycelpt  a  "  Brownie,"  whose  constant  care 
it  was  to  save  the  household  domestics  as  much 
trouble  as  possible,  by  doing  all  their  drudgery 
for  them  during  the  silent  hours  of  repose.  Who 
has  not  heard,  for  instance,  of  the  "Boy  of 
Hilton  ?  "  Of  this  kindly  race,  I  have  no  doubt, 
many  interesting  anecdotes  might  be  rescued  from 
the  dust  of  time  and  oblivion,  and  preserved  for 
us  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

I  hope  that  the  hints  I  have  ventured  to  throw 
out  may  induce  some  of  your  talented  contri- 
butors to  follow  up  the  subject. 

JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 

Malta. 


THE    SCARLET    REGIMENTALS    OF    THE    ENGLISH 
ARMY. 

When  was  the  English  soldier  first  dressed  in 
red  ?  It  has  been  said  the  yeomen  of  the  guard 
(vulgo  Beef- eaters)  were  the  company  which  ori- 
ginally wore  that  coloured  uniform ;  but,  seventy 
years  before  they  were  established,  viz.  termo. 
Henry  V.,  it  appears  the  military  uniform  of  his 
army  was  red : 

"  Rex  vestit  suos  rulro,  et  parat  transire  in  Nor- 
maniam." — Archceolog.  Soc.  Antiquar.,  Lond.,  vol.  xxi. 
p.  292. 

William  III.  not  only  preferred  that  colour,  but 
he  thought  it  degrading  to  the  dignity  of  his 
soldiers  that  the  colour  should  be  adopted  for  the 
dress  of  any  inferior  class  of  persons ;  and  there  is 
an  order  now  extant,  signed  by  Henry,  sixth  Duke 
of  Norfolk,  as  Earl  Marshal,  dated  Dec.  20,  1698, 

"  Forbidding  any  persons  to  use  for  their  liveries  scar- 
let or  red  cloth,  or  stuff;  except  his  Majesty's  servants 
and  guards,  and  those  belonging  to  the  royal  family 
or  foreign  ministers." 

William  IV.,  who  had  as  much  of  true  old 
English  feeling  as  any  monarch  who  ever  swayed 
the  English  sceptre,  ordered  scarlet  to  be  the 
universal  colour  of  our  Light  Dragoons ;  but  two 
or  three  years  afterwards  he  was  prevailed  upon, 
from  some  fancy  of  those  about  him,  to  return  to 
the  blue  again.  Still,  it  is  well  known  that  dress- 
ing our  Light  Dragoons  in  the  colour  prevailing 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  221. 


•with  other  nations  has  led  to  serious  mistakes  in 
time  of  action.  A. 


Serkhampstead  Records.  —  Where  are  the  re- 
cords of  the  now  extinct  corporation  of  Great 
Berkhampstead,  co.  Herts,  incorporated  1618? 
And  when  did  it  cease  to  exercise  corporate  rights, 
and  why  ?  J.  K. 

"  The  secunde  personne  of  the  Trinetee " 
(Vol.viii.,  p.  131.)-— What  does  the  "old  En- 
glish Homily"  mean  by  "a  wornanne  who  was  the 
secunde  personne  of  the  Trinetee  ?"  J.  P.  S. 

St.  Johns,  Ox  ford,  and  Emmanuel,  Cambridge. — 
Can  your  readers  give  me  any  information  re- 
specting Thomas  Collis,  B.A.,  of  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  ordained  priest  by  Richard  (Rey- 
nolds), Bishop  of  Lincoln,  at  Buckden,  29th  May, 
1743  ?  What  church  preferment  did  he  hold, 
where  did  he  die,  and  where  was  he  buried  ? 

Also  of  John  Clendon,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  Em- 
manuel College,  Cambridge,  who  was  presented  to 
the  vicarage  of  Brompton-Regis,  Somerset,  by 
his  College,  in  or  about  the  year  1752  ?  His  cor- 
respondence with  the  Fellows  of  Emmanuel  is 
amusing,  as  giving  an  insight  into  the  every-day 
life  of  Cambridge  a  century  ago.  You  shall  have 
a  letter  or  two  ere  long  as  a  specimen. 

THOMAS  COLLIS. 

Boston. 

*'  MalbrougTi  s'en  va-t-en  guerre."  —  Some  years 
ago,  at  a  book-stall  in  Paris,  I  met  with  a  work  in 
one  volume,  being  a  dissertation  in  French  on  the 
origin  and  early  history  of  the  once  popular  song, 
'\Malbrough  s'en  va-t-en  guerre."  It  seemed  to 
contain  much  information  of  a  curious  and  inte- 
resting character ;  and  the  author's  name,  if  I 
remember  rightly,  is  Blanchard.  I  have  since 
made  several  attempts  to  discover  the  title  of  the 
book,  with  the  view  of  procuring  a  copy  of  it,  but 
without  success.  Can  any  of  your  readers  assist 
me  in  this  matter  ?  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Prelate  quoted  in  Procopius.  —  In  the  25th 
note  (a),  chap,  xl.,  of  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall, 
there  is  a  quotation  from  Procopius.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  conjecture  who  is  meant  by  the 
"  learned  prelate  now  deceased,"  who  was  fond  of 
quoting  the  said  passage.  2. 

The  Alibenistic  Order  of  Freemasons.  —  Can 
any  of  your  readers,  masonic  or  otherwise,  inform 
me  what  is  meant  by  this  order  of  Freemasons  ? 
The  work  of  Henry  O'Brien  on  the  Round  Towers 
of  Ireland  is  dedicated  to  them,  and  in  his  preface 
they  are  much  eulogised.  H.  W.  D. 


Saying  respecting  Ancient  History.  —  In  Nie- 
buhr's  Lectures  on  Ancient  History,  vol.  i.  p.  355.r 
I  find  — 

"  An  ingenious  man  once  said,  '  It  is  thought  that  at 
length  people  will  come  to  read  ancient  history  as  if 
it  had  really  happened,'  a  remark  which  is  really  excel- 
lent." 


Who  was  this  "ingenious  man"  ? 


J.P. 


An  Apology  for  not  speaking  the  Truth. — Can  any 
of  your  correspondents  kindly  inform  me  where 
the  German  song  can  be  found  from  which  the 
following  lines  are  taken  ? 

"  When  first  on  earth  the  truth  was  born, 

She  crept  into  a  hunting-horn  ; 
The  hunter  came,  the  horn  was  blown, 
But  where  truth  went,  was  never  known." 

W.  W. 
Malta. 

Sir  John  Morant.  —  In  the  fourth  volume  of 
Sir  John  Froissart's  Chronicles,  and  in  the  tenth 
and  other  chapters,  he  mentions  the  name  of  a 
Sir  John  Morant,  Knight,  or  Sir  John  of  Chatel 
Morant,  who  lived  in  1390-6.  How  can  I  find 
out  his  pedigree  ?  or  whether  he  is  an  ancestor 
of  the  Hampshire  family  of  Morants,  or  of  the 
Rev.  Philip  Morant  ?  H.  H.  M. 

Malta. 

Portrait  of  Plowden.  —  Is  any  portrait  of  Ed- 
mund Plowden  the  lawyer  known  to  exist  ?  and  if 
so,  where  ?  P.  P.  P. 

Temperature  of  Cathedrals.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  favour  me  with  a  report  from  observation 
of  the  greatest  and  least  heights  of  the  thermo- 
meter in  the  course  of  a  year,  in  one  of  our  large 
cathedrals  ? 

I  am  informed  that  Professor  Phillips,  in  a 
geological  work,  has  stated  that  the  highest  and 
lowest  temperatures  in  York  Minster  occur  about 
five  weeks  after  the  solstices  ;  but  it  does  not  ap- 
pear that  the  altitudes  are  named.  T. 

Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon.  —  Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon 
was  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  D.D.,  anno 
1633,  Rector  of  Houghton  Regis  same  year,  Chap- 
lain to  King  Charles  I.,  Prebendary  of  Durham. 
He  is  supposed  to  have  died  during  the  interreg- 
num. Can  any  of  your  correspondents  say  when, 
or  where  ?  D.  D. 

The  Duke  of  Buckingham. — Do  the  books  of  the 
Honorable  Society  of  the  Middle  Temple  disclose 
any  particulars  relating  to  a  "  scandalous  letter," 
believed  to  have  been  written  by  "a  Templar1* 
to  George  Villiers,  the  Great  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, in  1626,  the  year  before  his  grace  was  assas- 
sinated by  Felton  ;  which  letter  was  found  by  a 
servant  of  the  inn  in  a  Temple  drinking-pot,  by 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


whom  it  was  handed  over  to  the  then  treasurer  of 
the  Society,  Nicholas  Hide,  Esq.  ?  and  was  the 
author  of  such  scandalous  letter  ever  discovered 
and  prosecuted  ?  CESTRIENSIS. 

Charles  Watson. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  any  account  of  Charles  Watson,  of  Hertford 
College,  Oxford,  author  of  poems,  and  Charles  the 
First,  a  tragedy  ? 

I  believe  a  short  memoir  of  this  author  was 
to  have  appeared  in  BlackwoocCs  Magazine  (the 
second  volume,  I  think)  ;  it  was  never  published, 
however.  A.  Z. 

?  Early  (German)  coloured  Engravings. — I  have 
six  old  coloured  engravings,  which  I  suppose  to 
be  part  of  a  series,  as  they  are  numbered  re- 
spectively 1,  2.  4.  11,  12,  14.  They  are  mounted 
on  panels ;  and  on  the  back  of  each  is  a  piece 
of  vellum,  on  which  some  descriptive  verses 
in  old  German  have  been  written.  The  ink  re- 
tains its  blackness ;  but  dirt,  mildew,  and  ill  usage 
have  rendered  nearly  all  the  inscriptions  illegible, 
and  greatly  damaged  the  pictures ;  yet,  through 
the  laborious  colouring  and  the  stains,  good  draw- 
ing and  expression  are  visible.  Perhaps  a  brief 
description  may  enable  some  of  your  readers  to 
tell  me  whether  they  are  known. 

Nos.  1.  and  11.  are  so  nearly  obliterated,  that  I 
will  not  attempt  to  describe  them.  No.  2.  seems 
to  be  St.  George  attacking  the  dragon.  The  in- 
scription is  : 

"  Hier  merke  Sobn  gar  schnell  und  bald, 
Von  grausam  schwartzeu  Thier  im  Wald." 

No.  4.  A  stag  and  a  unicorn  : 

"  Man  ist  von  Nothin  dass  ibr  wiszt, 
Im  Wald  em  Hirsch  und  Eikhorn  ist." 

No.  12.  An  old  man  with  wings,  and  a  younger 
wearing  a  crown  and  sword.  They  are  on  the 
top  of  a  mountain  overlooking  the  sea.  The  sun 
is  in  the  left  corner,  and  the  moon  and  stars  on  the 
right.  The  perspective  is  very  good.  Inscription 
obliterated. 

No.  14.  The  same  persons,  and  a  king  on  his 
throne.  The  elder  in  the  background ;  the 
younger  looking  into  the  king's  mouth,  which  is 
opened  to  preternatural  wideness  : 

"  Sohn  in  dein  Abwesen  war  ich  tod, 
Und  mein  Leben  in  grosser  Notb  ; 
Aber  in  dein  Beysein  thue  icb  leben, 
Dein  Widerkunff't  mir  Freudt  thut  geben." 

The  inscription  is  long,  but  of  the  rest  only  a 
word  here  and  there  is  legible.  Any  information 
on  this  subject  will  oblige,  H. 


History  of  M.  Oufle. —  Johnson,  in  his  Life  of 
Pope,  says  of  the  Memoirs  of  ScriUerus : 

"  The  design  cannot  boast  of  mucb  originality  :  for, 
besides  its  general  resemblance  to  Don  Quixote,  there 
will  be  found  in  it  particular  imitations  of  the  History 
of  M.  Oufle." 


What  is  the  History  of  M.  Oufte 


L.M. 


[  The  History  of  the  Religious  Extravagancies  of  Mon- 
sieur Oufle  is  a  remarkable  book,  written  by  the  Abbe 
Bordelon,  and  first  published,  we  believe,  at  Amster- 
dam, in  2  vols.,  1710.  The  Paris  edition  of  1754,  in 
2  vols.,  entitled  L?  Histoire  des  Imaginations  Extrava- 
gantes  de  Monsieur  Oufte,  is  the  best,  as  it  contains  some 
curious  illustrations.  From  the  title-page  we  learn 
that  the  work  was  "  Occasioned  by  the  author  having" 
read  books  treating  of  magic,  the  black  art,  demoniacs, 
conjurors,  witches,  hobgoblins,  incubuses,  succubuses, 
and  the  diabolical  Sabbath  ;  of  elves,  fairies,  wanton 
spirits,  geniuses,  spectres,  and  ghosts  ;  of  dreams,  the 
philosopher's  stone,  judicial  astrology,  horoscopes, 
talismans,  lucky  and  unlucky  days,  eclipses,  comets, 
and  all  sorts  of  apparitions,  divinations,  charms,  en- 
chantments, and  other  superstitious  practices ;  with 
notes  containing  a  multitude  of  quotations  out  of  those 
books  which  have  either  caused  such  extravagant  ima- 
ginations, or  may  serve  to  cure  them."  If  any  of  our 
readers  should  feel  inclined  to  collect  what  we  may 
term  "  A  Diabolical  Library,"  he  has  only  to  consult 
vol.  i.  ch.  iii.  for  a  catalogue  of  the  principal  books  in 
Mons.  Oufle's  study,  which  is  the  most  curious  list  of 
the  black  art  we  have  ever  seen.  An  English  trans- 
lation of  these  Religious  Extravagancies  was  published 
in  1711.] 

Ly sons'  MSS.  —  Is  the  present  repository  of 
the  MS.  notes,  used  by  Messrs.  Lysons  in  editing 
their  great  work,  the  Magna  Britannia,  known  ? 

T.  P.  L. 

[The  topographical  collections  made  by  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Lysons  for  the  Magna  Britannia  and  the  En- 
virons of  London,  making  sixty-four  volumes,  are  in 
the  British  Museum,  Add.  MSS.  9408—9471.  They 
were  presented  by  that  gentleman.] 

"Luke's  Iron  Crown"  (Goldsmith's  Traveller, 
last  line  but  two).  To  whom  does  this  refer,  and 
what  are  the  particulars  ?  P.  J.  (A  Subscriber). 

[This  Query  is  best  answered  by  the  following  note 
from  Mr.  P.  Cunningham's  new  edition  of  Goldsmith  : 

"  When  Tom  Davies,  at  the  request  of  Granger, 
asked  Goldsmith  about  this  line,  Goldsmith  referred 
him  for  an  explanation  of  '  Luke's  iron  crown'  to  a 
book  called  Geographie  Curieuse ;  .and  added,  that  by 
'  Damiens'  bed  of  steel '  he  meant  the  rack.  See 
Granger's  Letters,  8vo.,  1805,  p.  52. 

"  George  and  Luke  Dosa  were  two  brothers  who 
headed  an  unsuccessful  revolt  against  the  Hungarian 
nobles  at  the  opening  of  the  sixteenth  century  :  and 
George  (not  Luke)  underwent  the  torture  of  the  red- 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  221. 


hot  iron  crown,  as  a  punishment  for  allowing  himself 
to  be  proclaimed  King  of  Hungary  (1513)  by  the 
rebellious  peasants  (see  Biographic  Universelle,  xi. 
604.).  The  two  brothers  belonged  to  one  of  the  native 
races  of  Transylvania  called  Szecklers,  or  Zecklers 
(Forster's  Goldsmith,  i.  395.,  edit.  1854)."] 

" Horam  coram  Dago" — In  the  first  volume 
of  Lavengro,  p.  89.  : 

"  From  the  river  a  chorus  plaintive,  wild,  the  words 
of  which  seem  in  memory's  ear  to  sound  like  '  Horam 
coram  Dago/  " 

I  have  somewhere  read  a  song,  the  chorus  or 
refrain  of  which  contained  these  three  words. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  explain  ?  2. 

[Our  correspondent  is  thinking  of  the  song  "  Amo, 
amas,"  by  O'Keefe,  which  will  be  found  in  The  Uni- 
versal Songster,  vol.  i.  p.  52.,  and  other  collections. 
We  subjoin  the  chorus  : 

"  Rorum  coram, 
Sunt  divorum, 
Harum  scarum 
Divo  1 

Tag  rag,  merry  derry,  per ri wig  and  hat-band, 
Hie  hoc  horum  genitivo  !  "] 


HOBY    FAMILY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  19.) 

Many  years  have  passed  away  since  I  went  over 
Bisham  Abbey ;  but  I  was  then  informed  that  any 
family  portraits  belonging  to  the  old  House  had 
been  taken  away  by  the  widow  of  Sir  John  Hoby 
Mill,  Baronet,  who  sold  the  property  to  Mr.  George 
Vansittart  in  1780,  or  shortly  afterwards.  I  am 
not  aware  that  there  are  any  engraved  portraits 
of  the  Hobys,  excepting  those  mentioned  by  your 
correspondent  MR.  WHITBORNE,  which  form  part 
of  the  series  of  Holbein's  Heads,  published  in 
1792  by  John  Chamberlaine,  from  the  original 
drawings  still  in  the  royal  collection.  In  the 
meagre  account  of  the  persons  represented  in  that 
work,  Lady  Hoby  is  described  as  "  Elizabeth,  one 
of  the  four  daughters  of  Sir  Antony  Cooke,  of 
Gidea  Hall,  Essex,"  and  widow  of  Sir  Thomas 
Hoby,  who  died  in  1566,  avt  Paris,  whilst  on  an 
embassy  there.  The  lady  remarried  John  Lord 
Russell,  eldest  son  of  Francis,  second  Earl  of 
Bedford,  whom  she  also  survived,  and  deceasing 
23rd  of  July,  1584,  was  buried  in  Bisham  Church, 
in  which  she  bad  erected  a  chapel  containing 
splendid  monuments  to  commemorate  her  husbands 
and  herself.  The  inscriptions  will  be  found  in 
Ashmole's  Berkshire,  vol.  ii.  p.  464.,  and  in  Wot- 
ton's  Baronetage,  vol.  iv.  p.  504.,  where  the  Hoby 
crest  is  given  as  follows ;  "  On  a  chapeau  gules 
turned  up  ermine,  a  wolf  reerreant  arsrent."  The 


armorial  bearings  are  described  very  minutely  in 
Edward  Steele's  Account  of  Bisham  Church, 
Gough  MSS.,  vol.  xxiv.,  Bodleian,  which  contains 
some  other  notices  of  the  parish.  BRAYBROOKE. 


POETICAL    TAVERN    SIGNS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  242.  452.  626.) 

I  send  two  specimens  from  this  neighbourhood, 
which  may,  perhaps,  be  worth  inserting  in  your 
columns. 

The  first  is  from  a  public-house  on  the  Basing- 
stoke  road,  about  two  miles  from  this  town.  The 
sign-board  exhibits  on  one  side  "the  lively 
effigies  "  of  a  grenadier  in  full  uniform,  holding  in 
his  hand  a  foaming  pot  of  ale,  on  which  he  gazes 
apparently  with  much  complacency  and  satisfaction. 
On  the  other  side  are  these  lines  : 
"  This  is  the  Whitley  Grenadier, 

A  noted  house  for  famous  beer. 

My  friend,  if  you  should  chance  to  call, 

Beware  and  get  not  drunk  withal ; 

Let  moderation  be  your  guide, 

It  answers  jvell  whene'er  'tis  try'd. 

Then  use  but  not  abuse  strong  beer, 

And  don't  forget  the  Grenadier." 

The  next  specimen,  besides  being  of  a  higher 
class,  has  somewhat  of  an  historical  interest.  In 
a  secluded  part  of  the  Oxfordshire  hills,  at  a  place 
called  Collins' s  End,  situated  between  Hardwick 
House  and  Goring  Heath,  is  a  neat  little  rustic 
inn,  having  for  its  sign  a  well-executed  portrait  of 
Charles  I.  There  is  a  tradition  that  this  unfor- 
tunate monarch,  while  residing  as  a  prisoner  at 
Caversham,  rode  one  day,  attended  by  an  escort, 
into  this  part  of  the  country,  and  hearing  that 
there  was  a  bowling-green  at  this  inn,  frequented 
by  the  neighbouring  gentry,  struck  down  to  the 
house,  and  endeavoured  to  forget  his  sorrows  for 
awhile  in  a  game  at  bowls.  This  circumstance  is 
alluded  to  in  the  following  lines,  which  are  written 
beneath  the  sign-board : 

"  Stop,  traveller,  stop  ;  in  yonder  peaceful  glade, 
His  favourite  game  the  royal  martyr  play'd  ; 
Here,  stripp'd  of  honours,  children,  freedom,  rank, 
Drank  from  the  bowl,  and  bowl'd  for  what  he  drank  ; 
Sought  in  a  cheerful  glass  his  cares  to  drown, 
And  changed  his  guinea,  ere  he  lost  his  crown." 

The  sign,  which  seems  to  be  a  copy  from  Van- 
dyke, though  much  faded  from  exposure  to  the 
weather,  evidently  displays  an  amount  of  artistic 
skill  that  is  not  usually  to  be  found  among  common 
sign-painters.  I  once  made  some  inquiries  about 
it  of  the  people  of  the  house,  but  the  only  inform- 
ation they  could  give  me  was  that  they  believed  it 
to  have  been  painted  in  London.  G.  T. 

Reading. 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


TRANSLATION   FROM    SHERIDAN,    ETC. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  563.) 

I  cannot  furnish  BALLIOLENSIS  with  the  trans- 
lation from  Sheridan  he  requires,  but  I  am  ac- 
quainted with  that  from  Goldsmith.  It  is  to  be 
found  somewhere  in  Valpy's  Classical  Journal. 
As  that  work  is  in  forty  volumes,  and  not  at  hand, 
I  am  not  able  to  give  a  more  precise  reference. 
I  recollect,  however,  a  few  of  the  lines  at  the 
beginning : 
"  Incola  deserti,  gressus  refer,  atque  precanti 

Sis  mihi  noctivagas  dux,  bone  amice,  viae  ; 
Dirige  qua  lampas  solatia  luce  benigna 
Praebet,  et  hospitii  munera  grata  sui. 
Solus  enim  tristisque  puer  deserta  per  agro, 

JEgre  membra  trahens  deficiente  pede, 
Qua,  spatiis  circum  immensis  porrecta,  patescunt 

Me  visa  augeri  progrediente,  loca." 
"  Ulterius  ne  perge,"  senex,  "jam  mitte  vagari, 

Teque  iterum  noctis,  credere,  amice,  dolis : 
Luce  trahit  species  certa  in  discrimina  fati, 
Ah  nimium  nescis  quo  malefida  trahat ! 
Hie  inopi  domus,  hie  requies  datur  usque  vaganti, 

Parvaque  quantumvis  dona,  libente  tnanu. 
Ergo  verte  pedes,  caliginis  imminet  bora, 

Sume  libens  quidquid  parvula  cella  tenet  .   .  ." 

No  doubt  there  is  a  copy  of  the  Classical  Journal 

in  the  Bodleian  ;  and  if  BALLIOLENSIS  can  give  me 

volume  and  page,  I  in  turn  shall  be  much  obliged 

to  him.  HYPATIA. 

The  lines  to  which  your  correspondent  BALLIO- 
LENSIS refers  — 

"  Coriscia  ni  dextram  dextera  pressa  premat." 

are  a  translation  of  the  song  in  Sheridan's  Duenna, 
Act  I.  Sc.  2.,  beginning  — 

"  I  ne'er  could  any  lustre  see,"  &c. 
They  were  done  by  Marmaduke  Lawson,  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  for  the  Pitt  Scholar- 
ship in  1814,  for  which  he  was  successful : 
"  Phyllidis  effugiunt  nos  lumina.      Dulcia  sunto. 

Pulcra  licet,  nobis  baud  ea  pulcra  micant. 
Nectar  erat  labiis,  dum  spes  erat  ista  tenendi, 

Spes  perit,  isque  simul,  qui  erat  ante,  decor. 
Votis  me  Galatea  petit.      Caret  arte  puella, 

Parque  rosis  tenero  vernat  in  ore  color : 
Sed  nihil  ista  juvant.      Forsan  tamen  ista  juvabunt. 

Si  jaceant,  victa  marte,  rubore  genee  : 
Pura  manus  mollisqne  fluit.    Neque  credere  possum. 

Ut  sit  vera  fides,  ista  premenda  mihi  est. 
Nee  bene  credit  amor  (nara  res  est  plena  timoris), 

Conscia  ni  dextram  dextera  pressa  premat. 
Ecce  movet  pectus  suspiria.      Pectora  nostris 

Ista  legenda  oculis,  si  meus  urat  amor. 
Et,  nostri  modo  cura  memor  nostrique  caloris 

Tangat  earn,  facere  id  non  pudor  ullus  erit." 
I  have  not  sent  the  English,  as  it  can  be  easily 
got  at.    The  other  translation  I  am  not  acquainted 
with.  -D 


FLORINS    AND   THE    ROYAL   ARMS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  621.) 

The  placing  of  the  royal  arms  in  four  separate 
shields  in  the  form  of  a  cross  first  occurred  upon 
the  medals  struck  upon  the  nativity  of  King 
Charles  II.,  anno  1630  ;  and  adopted  upon  the 
reverse  of  the  coins  for  the  first  time  in  1662, 
upon  the  issue  of  what  was  then  termed  the  im- 
proved milled  coin,  where  the  arms  are  so  placed, 
having  the  star  of  the  Garter  in  the  centre ;  the 
crowns  intersecting  the  legend,  and  two  crowns 
interlaced  in  each  quarter.  The  shields,  as  here 
marshalled,  are  each  surmounted  by  a  crown ; 
having  in  the  top  and  bottom  shield  France  and 
England  quarterly,  Ireland  on  the  dexter  side 
(which  is  the  second  place),  and  on  the  sinister 
Scotland.*  But  on  the  milled  money  which  fol- 
lowed, France  and  England  being  borne  separately, 
that  of  France,  which  had  been  constantly  borne 
in  the  first  quarter  singly  until  James  I.,  and  after- 
wards in  the  first  place  quarterly  with  England, 
is  placed  in  the  bottom  shield  or  fourth  quarter. 
Mr.  Leake,  in  his  Historical  Account  of  English 
Money f,  after  remarking  that  this  irregular  bear- 
ing first  appeared  upon  the  nativity  medals  of 
Charles  II.  in  1630,  where  the  shields  are  placed 
in  this  manner,  adds,  that  this  was  no  doubt 
originally  owing  to  the  ignorance  of  the  graver, 
who  knew  no  other  way  to  place  the  arms  circu- 
larly than  following  each  other,  like  the  titles, 
unless  (as  I  have  heard,  says  he)  that  the  arms  of 
each  kingdom  might  fall  under  the  respective  title 
in  the  legend;  and  this  witty  conceit  has  ever 
since  prevailed  upon  the  coin,  except  in  some  of 
King  William  and  Queen  Mary's  money,  where  the 
arms  are  rightly  marshalled  in  one  shield.  That 
this  was  owing  to  the  ignorance  of  the  workman, 
and  not  with  any  design  to  alter  the  disposition 
of  the  arms,  is  evident  from  the  arms  upon  the 
great  seal,  where  France  is  borne  quarterly  with 
England,  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters,  as  it  was 
likewise  used  upon  all  other  occasions,  until  the 
alteration  occasioned  by  the  union  with  Scotland 
in  1707. 

In  reference  to  the  arrangement  consequent 
upon  the  union  with  Scotland,  he  observes  that, 
how  proper  soever  the  impaling  the  arms  of  the 
two  kingdoms  was  in  other  respects,  it  appeared 
with  great  impropriety  upon  the  money.  The  four 
escocheons  in  cross  had  hitherto  been  marshalled 
in  their  circular  order  from  the  left,  whereby 
the  dexter  escocheon  was  the  fourth ;  accord- 
ing to  which  order  the  united  arms,  being  quar- 
tered first  and  fourth,  would  have  fallen  together ; 
therefore  they  were  placed  at  the  top  and  bottom, 


*  Evelyn's  Discourse,  edit.  1696,  p.  121. 

f   London,  8vo.,  1745,  2nd  edit.,  then   Clarenceux 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  221. 


which  indeed  was  right :  but  then  France  by  the 
same  rule  was  then  in  the  third  place,  and  Ireland 
in  the  second ;  unless  to  reconcile  it  we  make  a 
rule  contrary  to  all  rule,  to  take  sinister  first  and 
dexter  second. 

In  the  coinage  of  King  George  I.,  the  re- 
presentation of  the  armorial  bearings  in  four 
separate  shields,  as  upon  the  milled  money  of 
King  Charles  II.,  was  continued.  In  the  upper- 
most escocheou,  England  impaling  Scotland ;  the 
dexter  the  arms  of  his  Majesty's  electoral  domi- 
nions ;  sinister  France  ;  and  in  the  bottom  one 
Ireland,  all  crowned  with  the  imperial  crown  of 
Great  Britain.  The  marshalling  of  the  four  esco- 
cheons  in  this  manner  might  and  ought  to  have 
been  objected  to  by  the  heralds  (has  it  been 
brought  under  their  cognizance  ?),  because  it  ap- 
pears by  many  instances,  as  well  as  upon  coins  and 
medals  of  the  emperors  and  several  princes  of  the 
empire,  that  arms  marshalled  in  this  circular  form 
are  blazoned,  not  in  the  circular  order,  but  from 
the  dexter  and  sinister  alternately ;  and  thus  the 
emperor  at  that  time  bore  eleven  escocheons  round 
the  imperial  eagle.  In  like  manner,  upon  the 
money  of  Henry  Julius,  Duke  of  Brunswick,  we 
see  the  crest  with  a  circle  of  eleven  escocheons  in 
the  same  order.  The  same  order  is  observed  in 
marshalling  the  escocheons  of  the  seven  provinces 
of  Holland;  and  there  is  a  coin  of  the  Emperor 
Ferdinand,  another  of  Gulick,  and  a  third  of 
Erick,  Bishop  of  Osnaburgh,  with  four  escocheons 
in  cross,  and  four  sceptres  exactly  resembling  the 
English  coins.  That  it  was  not  altered  therefore 
at  that  time,  the  mistake  being  so  evident,  can  be 
attributed  only  to  the  length  of- time  the  error 
had  prevailed  ;  so  hard  is  it  to  correct  an  error  in 
the  first  instance  whereby  the  arms  of  his  Majesty's 
German  dominions,  which  occupy  the  fourth  quar- 
ter in  the  royal  arms,  do  in  fact  upon  the  money 
occupy  the  second  place ;  a  mistake  however  so 
apparent,  as  well  by  the  bearing  upon  other  oc- 
casions as  by  the  arms  of  Ireland,  which  be- 
fore occupied  the  same  escocheon,  that  nothing 
was  meant  thereby  to  the  dishonour  of  the  Bother 
arms ;  but  that  being  now  established,  it  is  the 
English  method  of  so  marshalling  arms  in  cross  or 
in  circle,  or  rather  that  they  have  no  certain 
method.  v 

Until  the  union  with  Scotland,  the  dexter  was 
the  fourth  escocheon ;  from  that  time  the  bottom 
one  was  fourth;  now  the  dexter  was  again  the 
fourth.  Such  is  the  force  of  precedent  in  per- 
petuating error,  that  the  practice  has  prevailed 
even  to  the  present  time  :  and  it  may  be  inferred, 
that  fancy  and  effect  are  studied  by  the  engraver 
before  propriety.  No  valid  reason  can  be  ad- 
vanced for  placing  the  arms  in  separate  shields 
after  their  declared  union  under  one  imperial 
crown.  J. 


CHRONOGRAMS. 

(YoLviii.,  p.  351.  &c.) 

The  banks  of  the  Rhine  furnish  abundant  ex- 
amples of  this  literary  pleasantry:  chronograms 
are  as  thick  as  blackberries.  I  send  you  a  dozen, 
gathered  during  a  recent  tour.  Each  one  was 
transcribed  by  myself. 

1.  Cologne  Cathedral,  1722  ;  on  a  beam  in  a 
chapel,  on  the  south  side  of  the  choir  : 

«P!A  VlRGlNls  MAB!^  soDALIiAS   ANKOS  s^CV- 
LAR.I  RENO  VAT." 

2.  Poppelsdorf  Church,  near  Bonn.    1812  : 
"pARoCnlALIs  TEMpLI  nVlNls  jEDIrlCABAR."  ; 

3.  Bonn  ;  on  the  base  of  a  crucifix,  outside  the 
minster,  on  the  north  side.    1711  : 

"GLORlFlCATE 

ET 
PORTATE    DfiVM 

IN  CORPORE  VESTRO. 
1  Cor.  6." 

4.  Bonn;  within  the  minster.    1770: 


PATRON  Is    P!E 
DICAVlT." 

5.  Aix-la-Chapelle  ;  on  the  baptistery.    1660  : 

"SACRVM 

PARoCnlALE    DIVI    JOHANNls 
BAPTlSTJE." 

6.  Aix-la-Chapelle.—  St.  Michael  ;  front  of  west 
gallery.    1821: 

«  sVM  P!A  CIVlTAiTs 

LlBERALIlATE    RENoVATA    DzCoRATA." 

7.  Aix-la-Chapelle,  under  the  above.   1852  : 

"ECCE 

MICHAELIs 

AEDES." 

8.  Konigswinter  ;  on  the  base  of  a  crucifix  at 
the  northern  end  of  the  village.    1726  : 

«!N  VNlVs  VER!  AC  IK 
CARNAT!  DE!  HONORED! 

POsVERE. 

JOANKES  PETRUS  MUMRER  ET 

MARIA   GENGERS  CONJUGES 

2  DA  SEPTEMBRIS." 

9.  Konigswinter  ;  over  the  principal  door  of  the 
church.    1828: 

"ES  IST  SE!KES  MEN  CHER  WOHN!JNG  SONDEM  E!N 
HKRRLICHES  HAUSZ  UNSERES  GOTTES,  I.  B.  D.  KEtt. 

ER.  29.  C.   V.  I." 

10.  Konigswinter  ;  under  the  last.     1778  : 
"VNl  sANOrlssIMo  DEO,  PATR! 

trrT.Tn    CT>TnTTVT«VE    SAxOro'' 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


61 


11.  Konigswinter  ;  under  the  last.    1779  : 

ERlGOR    sVB    MAX.    FftlDERlCo    KONlGSEGG    AH- 
COLONIENSI    plfi    GVfiERNANTE." 


12.  Coblenz.  —  S.  Castor;  round  the  arch  of  the 
•west  door.     1765  : 


"  D!RO  MAR!A 
LAS  COBLENZ  AUBEFOHLEN  SE!N.'* 

Of  these,  Nos.  9,  10.  and  11.  are  incised  on  one 
stone,  the  letters  indicating  the  chronogram  being 
rubricated  capitals  ;  but  in  No.  10.  the  second  I 
in  "  filio,"  and  the  first  I  in  "  spirituique,"  though 
capitals,  are  not  in  red.  I  shall  be  much  obliged 
to  any  of  your  correspondents  who  can  supply  a 
complete  or  corrected  copy  of  the  following  chro- 
nogram, from  the  Kreutzberg,  near  Bonn.  The 
height  at  which  it  was  placed,  and  its  defective 
colour,  prevented  me  from  deciphering  the  whole  ; 
nor  do  1  vouch  for  the  correctness  of  the  subjoined 
portion  : 

"sCALA  IESV  PR 
NOBIS  PASSI  .  A  .  . 
CLEJVlENTE  AVGVSTO 


AVGVST 
PRElIoSI 
EXSTRV." 

Some  parts  of  this  inscription  might  be  conjec- 
turally  supplied  ;  but  I  prefer  presenting  it  as  I 
was  able  to  transcribe  it.  The  staircase  in  question 
was  erected  by  the  Elector  Clement  Augustus,  in 
or  about  1725,  in  imitation  of  the  Scala  Santa  at 
Home.  (See  Murray's  Handbook.} 

W.  SPARKOW  SIMPSON. 


OATHS. 


(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  364.  471.) 

In  Primate  Colton's  Metropolitan  Visitation  of 
the  Diocese  of  Derry,  A.D.  1397,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  William  Reeves,  D.D.,  it  is  stated,  at  p.  44., 
that  several  persons  therein  mentioned  took  their 
oath  "tactis  sacrosanctis  Evangeliis;"  and  in  a 
note  Dr.  Reeves  says  that  — 

^  Until  the  arrival  of  the  English  the  custom  of  swear- 
ing on  the  holy  evangelists  was  unknown  to  the  Irish, 
\vho  resorted  instead  to  croziers,  bells,  and  other  sacred 
reliquaries,  to  give  solemnity  to  their  declarations. 
Even  when  the  Gospels  were  used,  it  was  not  uncom- 
mon to  introduce  some  other  object  to  render  the  oath 
doubly  binding.  Thus  in  a  monition  directed  by 
Primate  Prene  to  O'Neill,  he  requires  him  to  be  sworn 
'  tactis  sacrosanctis  Dei  evangeliis  ad  ea,  et  super  Ba- 
culum  Jesu  in  ecclesia  cathedrali  Sanctae  Trinitatis 
Dublin.'  (Reg.  Prene,  fol.  117.)" 


The  following  lines  upon  the  subject  in  ques- 
tion will  be  found  in  the  Red  Book  of  the  Irish 
Exchequer  : 

"  Qui  jurat  super  librum  tria  facit. 

"  Primo  quasi  diceret  omnia  que  scripta  sunt  in  hoc 
libro  nunquam  mihi  perficiant  neque  lex  nova  neque 
vetus  si  mencior  in  hoc  juramento. 

"  Secundo  apponit  manura  super  librum  quasi  di- 
ceret numquam  bona  opera  que  feci  michi  proficiant 
ante  faciem  Jeshu  Christ!  nisi  veritatem  clicaiu  quando 
per  inanus  significentur  opera. 

"  Tercio  et  ultimo  osculatur  librum  quasi  diceret 
numquam  oraciones  neque  preces  quas  dixi  per  os 
meum  michi  ad  salutem  anime  valeunt  si  falsitatem 
dicam  in  hoc  juramento  michi  apposito." 

Judging  by  the  character  of  the  handwriting, 
I  would  say  that  the  above-mentioned  lines  were 
written  not  later  than  the  time  of  Edward  I. ;  and 
as  many  of  the  vellum  leaves  of  this  book  have 
been  sadly  disfigured,  as  well  by  the  pressure  of 
lips  as  by  tincture  of  galls,  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  official  oaths  were  formerly  taken  in  the 
Court  of  Exchequer  of  Ireland  by  presenting  the 
book  when  opened  to  the  person  about  to  be 
sworn  in  the  manner  at  this  day  used  (as  we  are 
informed  by  Honore  de  Mareville)  in  the  Eccle- 
siastical Court  at  Guernsey. 

It  appears  by  an  entry  in  one  of  the  Order 
Books  of  the  Exchequer,  deposited  in  the  Exche- 
quer Record  Office,  Four  Courts,  Dublin,  that  in 
James  I.'s  time  the  oath  of  allegiance  was  taken 
upon  bended  knee.  The  entry  to  which  I  refer  is 
in  the  following  words  : 

"Easier  Term,  Wednesday,  22nd  April,  1618.— 
Memorandum  :  This  day  at  first  sitting  of  the  court,  the 
lord  threasurer,  vice  threasurer,  and  all  the  barons  being 
present  on  the  bench,  the  lord  chauncellor  came  hither 
and  presented  before  them  Thomas  Hibbotts,  esq.,  with 
his  Majesty's  letters  patents  of  the  office  of  chauncellor 
of  this  court  to  him  graunted,  to  hold  and  execute  the 
said  office  during  his  naturall  life,  which  being  read 
the  said  lord  chauncellor  first  ministred  unto  him  the 
oath  of  the  King's  supremacy,  which  hee  tooke  kneel- 
ing on  his  knee,  and  presently  after  ministred  unto 
him  the  oath  ordayned  for  the  said  officer,  as  the  same 
is  contayned  of  record  in  the  redd  booke  of  this  court; 
all  which  being  donn  the  said  lord  chauncellor  placed 
him  on  the  bench  on  the  right  hand  of  the  lord  threa^ 
surer,  and  then  departed  this  court." 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 
Dublin. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Splitting  Paper  for  Photographic  Purposes If  the 

real  and  practical  mode  of  effecting  this  were  disclosed, 
it  would  be  (in  many  cases)  a  valuable  aid  to  the 
photographer.  I  have  had  many  negative  calotypes 
ruined  by  red  stains  on  the  back  (but  not  affecting  the 
impressed  side  of  the  paper)  ;  which,  could  the  paper 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  221. 


have  been  split,  would  in  all  probability  have  been 
available,  and  printed  well. 

I  was  sorry  to  see  in  "  N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  via.,  p.  604.) 
an  article  under  this  head  which  went  the  round  of 
the  papers  several  months  ago.  Anything  more  im- 
practicable and  ridiculously  absurd  than  the  directions 
there  given  can  hardly  be  imagined  :  "  cylinders  of 
amber  !"  or  "  cylinders  of  metallic  amalgam  ! !"  "  excited 
in  the  usual  manner,"  &c.  I  presume  electrical  excita- 
tion is  intended.  Though,  how  cylinders  of  metal  are 
to  receive  electrical  excitation,  and  to  have  sufficient 
attractive  power  over  a  sheet  of  paper  as  to  rend  it 
asunder,  would  be  a  problem  which  I  believe  even  a 
Faraday  could  not  solve :  neither  would  excited  glass 
cylinders  effect  the  object  any  better;  or  if  they  could, 
it  would  be  erecting  a  wheel  to  break  a  fly  upon. 

The  whole  proposition  must  originally  have  been  a 
hoax :  in  fact,  we  live  in  a  day  when  the  masses  of  the 
people  are  easily  induced  to  believe  that  electricity  can 
do  everything. 

Another,  and  far  more  feasible  plan  has  been  pro- 
posed ("  N.  &  Q,.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  413.),  viz.  to  paste  the 
paper  to  be  split  between  two  pieces  of  calico  or  linen  ; 
and  when  perfectly  dry,  part  them.  One  half,  it  is 
said,  will  adhere  to  each  piece  of  the  linen,  and  may 
afterwards  be  obtained  or  set  free  from  the  linen  by 
soaking. 

I  have  tried  this  with  partial,  but  not  satisfactory 
success.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  results  of  the 
true  process  were  some  years  ago  exhibited  before  a 
scientific  company  (I  think  at  the  Royal  Institution), 
when  a  page  of  the  London  Illustrated  News  was  first 
exhibited  in  its  usual  condition,  printed  on  both  sides ; 
and  was  then  taken  to  an  adjoining  apartment,  and  in 
a  short  time  (perhaps  a  quarter  of  an  hour)  re-exhibited 
to  the  company  split  into  two  laminae,  each  being  per- 
fect. Neither  the  pasting  plan,  nor  the  electrical  gam- 
mon, could  have  effected  this.  I  hope  some  of  your 
readers  (they  are  a  legion)  will  confer  on  photogra- 
phers the  favour  of  informing  them  of  this  art. 

COKELY. 

Curling  of  Iodized  Paper.  —  The  difficulty  which 
your  correspondent  C.  E.  F.  has  met  with,  in  iodizing 
paper  according  to  DR.  DIAMOND'S  valuable  and  simple 
process,  may  be  easily  obviated. 

I  experienced  the  same  annoyance  of  "curling  up" 
till  it  was  suggested  to  me  to  damp  the  paper  pre- 
viously to  floating  it.  I  have  since  always  adopted 
this  expedient,  and  find  it  answer  perfectly.  The 
'method  I  employ  for  damping  it  is  to  leave  it  for  a 
few  hours  previously  to  using  it  upon  the  bricks  in  my 
cellar :  and  I  have  no  doubt  but  that,  if  C.  E.  F.  will 
try  the  same  plan,  he  will  be  equally  satisfied  with  the 
result.  W.  F.  W. 

How  the  Glass  Rod  is  used.  —  Would  you  be  kind 
enough  to  inform  me  how  paper  is  prepared  or  excited 
with  the  glass  rod  in  the  calotype  process  ?  Is  the 
solution  first  poured  on  the  paper,  and  then  equally 
diffused  over  it  with  the  rod  ?  DUTHUS. 

[The  manner  in  which  the  glass  rod  is  to  be  used 
for  exciting  or  developing  is  very  simple,  although 
not  easily  described.  The  operator  must  provide  him- 


self with  some  pieces  of  thin  board,  somewhat  larger 
than  the  paper  intended  to  be  used  ;  on  one  of  these 
two  or  three  folds  of  blotting-paper  are  to  be  laid,  and 
on  these  the  paper  intended  to  be  excited,  and  which  is 
to  be  kept  steady  by  pins  at  the  top  and  bottom  right- 
hand  corners,  and  the  forefinger  of  the  left  hand.  The 
operator,  having  ready  in  a  small  measure  about  thirty 
drops  of  the  exciting  fluid,  takes  the  glass  rod  in  his 
right  hand,  moves  it  steadily  over  the  paper  from  the 
right  hand  to  the  left,  where  he  keeps  it,  while  with 
the  left  hand  he  pours  the  exciting  fluid  over  the  side  of 
the  glass  rod,  and  moving  this  to  and  fro  once  or  twice 
to  secure  an  equal  portion  of  the  exciting  fluid  along 
the  whole  length  of  the  rod  ;  he  then  moves  the  rod 
from  left  to  right  and  back  again,  until  he  has  ascer- 
tained that  the  whole  surface  is  covered,  taking  care 
that  none  of  the  exciting  fluid  runs  over  the  side  of 
the  paper,  as  it  is  then  apt  to  discolour  the  back  of  it. 
When  the  whole  surface  has  been  thoroughly  wetted, 
the  superfluous  fluid  is  to  be  blotted  off  with  a  piece 
of  new  blotting-paper.] 


to  ^Itnor 

Wooden  Tombs  and  Effigies  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  604.). 
—  In  addition  to  that  mentioned  by  J.  E.  J.,  there 
is  a  wooden  chest  'in  the  centre  of  the  chancel  of 
Burford  Church,  in  the  county  of  Salop,  with  a 
figure  in  plated  armour  on  the  top;  the  head 
resting  on  a  helmet  supported  by  two  angels,  and 
at  the  feet  a  lion  crowned.  An  ornament  of  oak 
leaves  runs  round  the  chest,  at  the  ed^e.  This 
effigy  is  supposed  to  represent  one  of  the  Corn- 
wall family,  the  ancient,  but  now  extinct,  barons 
of  Burford.  As  I  am  preparing,  with  a  view  to 
publication,  a  history  of  this  very  ancient  family, 
with  an  account  of  the  curious  and  interesting 
monuments  in  Burford  and  other  churches,  I 
should  esteem  it  a  favour  if  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents could  furnish  me  with  authentic  in- 
formation relative  to  any  members  of  the  family, 
or  of  any  memorials  of  them  in  other  churches 
than  those  of  Worcestershire  and  Shropshire. 

J.  B.  WHITBOBNE. 

Epitaph  on  Politian  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  537.).  —  Har- 
wood's  Alumni  Etonenses,  A.D.  1530,  Hen.  VIII., 
p.  22. : 

"  Edward  Bovington  was  born  at  Burnham,  and  was 
buried  in  the  chapel.  Some  member  of  the  College 
made  these  lines  on  him  : 

*  Unum  caput  tres  lingjuas  habet, 
(Res  mira  !)  Bovingtonus.'  " 

This  member  must  have  seen  Politian's  epitaph. 

J.  H.  L. 

Defoe  s  Quotation  from  Baxter  on  Apparitions 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  12.).— The  story  copied  by  DR.  MAIT- 
LAND  from  Defoe's  Life  of  Duncan  Campbell,  is 
to  be  found  nearly  word  for  word  in  pp.  60,  61.  of 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


The  Certainty  of  the  Worlds  of  Spirits  fully  evinced 
by  the  unquestionable  Histories  of  Apparitions,  Sfc., 
by  Richard  Baxter,  London,  1691.  I  can  trace 
no  mention  of  the  Dr.  Beaumont,  author  of  the 
Treatise  of  Spirits,  unless  he  be  the  "  eminent 
apothecary  in  Henrietta  Street,  Go  vent  Garden," 
stated  by  Nichols  (Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  ix. 
p.  239.)  to  be  the  father  of  Mr.  Beaumont,  Regis- 
trar of  the  Royal  Humane  Society.  'AAieus. 
Dublin. 

Barrels  Regiment  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  620.).  —  If  the 
song  referring  to  Barrel's  regiment  was  written 
about  1747,  it  was  not  original,  but  a  parody  or 
adaptation  of  one  in  The  Devil  to  Pay,  performed 
as  a  ballad  opera  in  1731  ;  and  which  still  main- 
tains its  place,  if  not  on  the  stage,  in  recent  edi- 
tions of  the  "  acting  drama."  1  have  not  an  old 
edition  of  the  play,  but  quote  from  a  collection 
of  songs  called  The  Nightingale,  London,  1738, 
p.  232. : 

"  He  that  has  the  best  wife, 

She's  the  plague  of  his  life  ; 
But  for  her  that  will  scold  and  will  quarrel, 

Let  him  cut  her  off  short, 

Of  her  meat  and  her  sport, 
And  ten  times  a  day  hoop  her  barrel,  brave  boys, 

And  ten  times  a  day  hoop  her  barrel." 

May  I  append  a  Query  to  my  reply  ?  Was  The 
Nightingale  published  with  a  frontispiece?  My 
copy  is  mutilated,  but  has  belonged  to  some  per- 
son who  valued  it  much  more  highly  than  I  do,  as 
he  has  neatly  repaired  and  replaced  torn  leaves 
and  noted  deficiencies.  Prefixed  is  a  mounted 
engraving  of  a  bird  in  the  act  of  singing,  which, 
if  intended  for  a  nightingale,  is  really  curious;  as 
it  is  of  the  size  and  shape  of  a  pheasant,  with  cor- 
vine legs  and  beak,  and  a  wattle  round  the  eye 
like  that  of  a  barb  pigeon.  The  book  is  "  printed 
and  sold  by  J.  Osborn,"  and  shows  that  the  post 
assigned  to  him  in  The  Dunciad  was  not  worse 
than  he  deserved.  H.  B.  C. 

Garrick  Club. 

[Our  correspondent  seems  to  have  the  veritable 
original  engraving;  the  nightingale  or  pheasant,  or 
whatever  it  may  be,  is  mounted  on  a  branch  over  a 
stream  near  to  three  houses,  and  a  village  on  its  banks 
is  seen  in  the  distance.] 

Sneezing  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  366.  624.).  —  To  the 
very  interesting  illustrations  given  by  Mr.  Francis 
Scott  of  the  ancient  superstitions  associated  with 
sternutation,  I  should  like  to  add  one  not  less 
curious  than  any  which  he  has  given.  It  is  re- 
corded in  Xenophon's  Anabasis,  lib.  iii.  cap.  2. 

At  the  council  of  Greek  generals,  held  after  the 
death  of  Cyrus,  Xenophon  rose  and  made  a  speech. 
He  set  before  his  comrades  the  treachery  of  their 
late  associate  Ariseus ;  the  serious  difficulties 
attendant  upon  the  position  of  the  Greeks ;  and  the 


necessity  for  immediate  and  vigorous  action.  Just 
as  he  had  alluded  to  the  probability  of  a  severe  con- 
flict, and  had  invoked  the  aid  of  the  gods,  one  of 
the  company  sneezed.  He  paused  for  a  moment 
in  his  harangue,  and  every  one  present  did  reve- 
- to  Jupiter.  The  circumstance 


seemed  to  give  new  spirit  and  fortitude  to  the 
whole  assembly  ;  and  when  Xenophon  resumed, 
he  said,  "  Even  now,  my  comrades,  while  we  were 
talking  of  safety,  Zeus  the  saviour  has  sent  us  an 
omen  ;  and  I  think  it  would  become  us  to  offer  to 
the  god  a  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving  for  our  pre- 
servation." He  then,  in  the  manner  of  a  modern 
chairman  at  Exeter  Hall,  invited  all  of  that  opinion 
to  hold  up  their  hands.  This  appeal  having  met 
a  unanimous  response,  they  all  made  their  vows, 
sung  the  paean,  and  the  orator  proceeded  with  his 
discourse. 

The  adoration  of  the  god,  or  the  use  of  some 
auspicious  words  or  religious  formulary,  appears  to 
have  been  designed  to  avert  any  evil  which  might 
possibly  be  portended  by  the  omen.  It  seems  by 
no  'means  certain  that  it  was  always  regarded  as 
favourable.  Xenophon,  in  the  case  referred  to, 
contrived  very  adroitly  to  turn  the  incident  to 
good  account,  and  to  interpret  it  as  a  sign  of  the 
divine  favour.  The  form  of  one  of  the  sentences 
I  have  translated  — 

"  'ETrel  TTfpl  (rurripias  -f]/j.wv  \ey6vTtav  olwvbs  TOU 
Atbs  rov  2&>T7jpos  ecpai'Tj." 

affords  a  little  illustration  of  the  benediction  in 
current  use  among  the  Greeks  on  such  occasions, 
"Zew  erwcroj/."  J.  G.  F. 

Does  "  Wurm,"  in  modern  German,  ever  mean 
Serpent?  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  465.  624.).  —F.  W.  J.  is 
quite  right  as  regards  his  interpretation  of  the 
word  Wurm,  used  by  Schiller  in  his  Wallenstein 
in  the  passage  spoken  by  Butler. 

Wurm  is  not  used  in  German  to  mean  a  ser- 
pent. Serpents  (Schlangen)  are  vertebrata,  and 
are  therefore  not  confounded  with  Wiirmer  by  the 
Germans.  The  language  of  the  people  frames 
proverbs,  not  the  language  of  science.  The  Ger- 
mans apply  the  word  Wurm  to  express  pity  or 
contempt.  The  mother  says  to  her  sick  child, 
"  Armes  Wiirmchen!"  signifying  poor,  suffering, 
little  creature.  Man  to  man,  in  order  to  express 
contempt,  will  say  "  Elender  Wurm  !  "  meaning 
miserable  wretch  ;  an  application  arising  out  of 
the  contemplation  of  the  helpless  state  and  in- 
ferior construction  of  this  division  of  the  animal 
kingdom.  The  German  proverb  corresponds  to 
the  English.  C.  B.  d'O. 

Longfellow's  Reaper  and  the  Flowers  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  583.).  —  This  charge  of  plagiarism,  I  think,  is 
not  a  substantial  one.  To  compare  Death  to  a 
reaper,  and  children  to  flowers,  is  a  very  general 
idea,  and  may  be  thought  by  thousands,  and  ex- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  221. 


pressed  in  nearly  the  same  words  which  Long- 
fellow, and  before  him  Luisa  Reichardt,  have 
used.  The  first  line  of  the  two  respective  poems 
are  certainly  word  for  word  the  same,  but  that  is 
all ;  although  the  tendency  of  both  poems  is  the 
same.  Longfellow's  poem  is  much  superior  to 
that  of  L.  Reichardt ;  for,  while  the  former  has  a 
beautiful  clothing,  colouring,  and  harmony,  the 
latter  is  very  crude,  poor,  and  defective.  Long- 
fellow's long  residence  in  Germany  has  indeed 
rendered  him  very  susceptible  to  the  form  and 
spirit  of  German  poetry,  and  hence  there  exist  in 
Lis  poems  frequently  affinities  as  to  general  forms 
and  ideas  :  still,  affinities  arising  from  such  causes 
cannot  justly  be  termed  plagiarism,  much  less  the 
accidental  choice  of  a  very  widely  existent,  natural 
thought.  When  Byron  wrote  his  opening  line  to 
The  Bride  of  Abydos,  he  did  not  probably  think 
ofGothe's 

"  Konnst  du  das  Land  wo  die  Citronen  bliihen  ?" 

Byron  was  not  a  German  scholar ;  and  as  the 
opening  line  is  the  only  analogy  between  the  two 
poems,  we  may  justly  believe  it  natural  for  any 
one  who  has  lived  in  southern  lands,  to  ask  such 
a  question.  The  charge  of  plagiarism,  I  think, 
ought  to  rest  upon  grounds  which  evince  an  actual 
copying.  C.  B.  d'O. 

Charge  of  Plagiarism  against  Paley  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  589.). — As  a  personal  friend  of  the  gentleman 
v/ho,  under  the  name  of  VERITAS,  brought,  about 
five  years  ago,  a  charge  of  plagiarism  against 
Paley,  I  feel  called  upon  to  say  a  few  words  to 
FIAT  JUST. 

Truth  cannot  be  refuted ;  and  F.  J.  may  look 
at  the  translation  of  the  old  Dutch  book  of  Nieu- 
wentyt's,  which  he  will  find  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum library,  the  same  place  where  VEBITAS  made 
the  discovery  while  examining  the  works  of  some 
continental  metaphysicians :  and  FIAT  JUST,  will 
then  no  doubt  regret  having  made  the  rash  and 
illogical  observation,  "  that  the  accusation  be  re- 
futed, or  the  culprit  consigned  to  that  contempt," 
&c.  The  character  of  VERITAS  as  man,  moralist, 
and  scholar,  does  not  deserve  so  unjust  and  rash 
a  remark. 

The  Dutch  book,  as  well  as  the  translation,  are 
rery  scarce.  Five  and  six  copies  of  the  latter 
could  only  be  found  at  the  time  of  the  discovery 
in  London.  C.  B.  d'O. 

Tin  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  593.).  — The  suggestions  of 
your  correspondent  S.  G.  C.  are  ingenious  re- 
specting the  etymology  of  Cassiteros,  but  a  slight 
examination  will  show  they  are  erroneous.  The 
Cassi  was  only  one  of  the  many  tribes  inhabiting 
Britain  in  the  time  of  Csesar,  and  it  is  by  no 
means  probable  that  it  was  able  to  confer  its  name 
upon  the  entire  country,  to  the  exclusion  of  all 
the  rest;  such  as  the  Iceni,  the  Trinobanti,  the 


Coritani,  the  Belga?,  and  various  others  too  nume- 
rous to  mention.  We  must  bear  in  mind  that  the 
Phrenicians  gave  the  name  of  Cassiterides  to  the 
British  Isles  ;  and  that  in  naming  places  they  in- 
variably called  them  after  some  known  or  sup- 
posed quality  possessed  by  them,  or  from  some 
natural  appearance  which  first  arrested  their 
notice  :  and  such  was  the  case  in  this  instance. 
We  learn  that  it  was  the  common  belief  in  ancient 
times,  that  the  islands  to  the  west  of  Europe  were 
shrouded  in  almost  perpetual  gloom  and  darkness  : 
hence  the  British  Isles  were  called  Cassiterides, 
from  Ceas,  pronounced  Kass,  i.  e.  gloom,  dark- 
ness, obscurity ;  and  tir,  i.  e.  lands,  plural  Ceasi- 
terides,  i.  e.  "  the  islands  of  darkness."  And  the 
tin  which  the  Phrenicians  procured  from  them 
received  the  appropriate  name  of  Cassiteros,  z.  e. 
the  metal  from  the  islands  of  darkness. 

FRAS.  CROSSLET. 

John  Waugh  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  271.  400.  525.  ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  20.).  — The  Rev.  John  Waugh  was  of 
Broomsgrove,  Worcester,  and  died  unmarried  and 
intestate.  Letters  of  administration  of  his  estate 
in  the  province  of  York  were  granted  Oct.  28, 
1777,  to  his  five  sisters  and  co-heiresses,  Judith, 
Isabella,  Elizabeth,  Mary,  and  Margaret,  spinsters, 
who  all  were  living  at  Carlisle ;  and  were  unmar- 
ried in  August,  1792.  WM.  DURRANT  COOPER. 

Rev.  Joshua  Brooks  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  639.).— 
Blackwood's  Edinburgh  Magazine  for  March,  1821, 
contains  a  paper  entitled  a  "  Brief  Sketch  of  the 
Rev.  Josiah  Streamlet."  Under  this  sobriquet,  a 
few  incidents  in  the  life  of  the  Rev.  Joshua 
Brooks  are  related,  which  may  interest  C.  (1). 

G.  D.  R. 

Hour-glass  Stand  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  454.).  —  There 
is  an  hour-glass  stand  attached  to  the  pulpit  of 
Nassington  Church,  Northants.  Nassington  is 
•bout  six  miles  from  the  town  of  Oundle. 

G.  R.  M. 

There  is  an  hour-glass  stand  in  Bishampton 
Church,  Worcestershire.  CUTHBERT^BEDE,  B.A. 

Teeth  Superstition  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  382.).  —  My 
wife,  who  is  a  Yorkshire  woman,  tells  me  that, 
whenever  she  lost  a  tooth  as  a  child,  her  nurse 
used  to  exhort  her  to  keep  her  tongue  away  from 
the  cavity,  and  then  she  would  have  a  golden 
tooth.  She  speaks  of  it  as  a  superstition  with 
which  she  has  always  been  familiar.  OXONIENSIS. 

Walthamstow. 

Dog-whipping  Day  in  Hull  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  409.). 
— This  custom  obtains,  or  used  to  do,  in  York  on 
St.  Luke's  Day,  Oct.  18,  which  is  there  known  by 
the  name  of  "  Whip-dog  Day."  Drake  considers 
the  origin  of  it  uncertain ;  and  though  he  is  of 
opinion  that  it  is  a  very  old  custom,  he  does  not 


JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


agree  with  those  who  date  it  as  far  back  as  the 
Romans. 

In  the  History  of  York,  vol.  i.  p.  306.,  respecting 
the  author  of  which  a  Query  has  appeared  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  125.,  the  traditional  ac- 
count of  its  origin  is  given  : 

"  That  in  times  of  Popery,  a  priest  celebrating  mass  at 
the  festival  in  some  church  in  York,  unfortunately 
dropped  the  pix  after  consecration,  which  was  snatched 
up  suddenly  and  swallowed  by  a  dog  that  lay  under 
the  table.  The  profanation  of  this  high  mystery  occa- 
sioned the  death  of  the  dog  ;  and  a  persecution  began, 
and  has  since  continued  on  this  day  (St.  Luke's),  to  be 
severely  carried  on  against  all  the  species  in  the  city." 

A  very  curious  whipping  custom  prevails  ^  at 
Leicester,  known  by  the  name  of  "Whipping 
Toms,"  on  the  afternoon  of  Shrove  Tuesday.  It  is 
thus  described  in  Hone's  Year  Book,  p.  539. : 

"  In  this  space  (the  Newark)  several  (I  think  three) 
men  called  '  Whipping  Toms,'  each  being  armed  with 
a  large  waggon  whip,  and  attended  by  another  man 
carrying  a  bell,  claim  the  right  of  flogging  every  per- 
son whom  they  can  catch  while  their  attendant  bell- 
inan  can  keep  ringing  his  bell." 

Perhaps  some  one  of  your  correspondents  will 
be  able  to  afford  an  origin  for  this  odd  usa^e. 

R.  W.  ELLIOT. 

2    Clifton. 


'"  A  Spanish  lady  now  resident  in  England,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Latin  Church,  mentioned  to  me,  some 
months  since,  a  custom  prevailing  in  her  native  land 
similar  to  that  in  Hull  described  by  MR.  RICHARD- 
SON. It  arose  on  this  wise  :  Once  upon  a  time,  on 
a  high  festival  of  the  Church,  when  there  was  an 
exposition  of  the  blessed  Sacrament,  a  dog  rushed 
into  the  church  when  the  altar  was  unguarded,  and 
carried  off  the  Host.  This  deed  of  the  sacrilegious 
animal  filled  the  Spaniards  with  such  horror,  that 
ever  after,  on  the  anniversary  of  that  day,  all 
dogs  were  beaten  and  stoned  that  showed  them- 
selves in  the  streets.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Bottesford  Moors.  » 

Househunt  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  516.  606.). — I  think 
the  inquiry  relative  to  this  animal  may  be  satis- 
factorily answered  by  the  following  quotation  from 
a  very  excellent  and  learned  work,  entitled  A 
Natural  History  of  British  and  Foreign  Quadru- 
peds, containing  many  Original  Observations  and 
Anecdotes,  by  James  H.  Fennell,  8vo.,  London, 
1841: 

"  The  Beech  Marten  is  the  Maries  folna  of  modern 
zoologists,  the  Maries  Fagorum  of  Ray,  the  Maries 
Saxorum  of  Klein,  the  Mustela  Maries  of  Linnams,  and 
the  Mustela  foina  of  Gmelin.  Its  English  synonymes 
are  not  less  numerous;  for,  besides  Beech  Marten,  it 
is  called  Stone  Marten,  Martern,  Marteron,  Martlett, 
and  Mousehunt.  The  last  name  I  insert  on  the  authority 
of  Henley,  the  dramatic  commentator,  who  says  it  is 


the  animal  to  which  'charming  Willie  Shakspeare'  thus 
alludes  in  Romeo  and  Juliet : 

'  Capulet.   I  have  watch'd  ere  now- 
All  night 

Lady  Capulet.   Ay,  you  have  been  a  mouse-hunt  in 
your  time.' —  Act  IV.  Sc.  4. 

'<  In  Knight's  Pictorial  Edition  of  Romeo  and  Juliet 
(1839),  this  and  many  other  terms  equally  requiring 
explanation  are  left  quite  unelucidated ;  though  one 
picture  of  the  said  mouse-hunt  would  doubtless  have 
been  more  assistant  to  the  professed  object  of  the  work 
than  the  two  unnecessary  pictures  it  contains  of  certain 
winged  monstrosities  called  Cupids." — P.  106. 

Mr.  Fennell  goes  on  to  state,  that  the  Beech 
Marten  (alias  Mousehunt)  inhabits  the  woods  and 
forests  of  most  parts  of  Europe,  seldom  quitting 
them  except  in  its  nocturnal  excursions ;  and  he 
adds  that  — 

"  The  Beech  Marten  does  sometimes,  in  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland,  where  it  is  common,  and  called  Tugyint 
take  to  killing  lambs,  and  makes  sad  havoc.  Luckily, 
however,  it  is  nearly  exterminated  in  the  south  of  that 
country.  In  Selkirkshire,  it  has  been  observed  to  de- 
scend to  the  shore  at  night  time  to  feed  upon  mollusks, 
particularly  upon  the  large  Basket  Mussel  (Mytilus 
modiolus).  But  the  ordinary  prey  of  both  this  and  the 
Pine  Marten  appears  to  be  hares,  rabbits,  squirrels, 
moles,  rats,  mice ;  game  birds ;  turkeys,  pigeons,  and 
other  domestic  poultry,  and  also  the  wild  singing 
birds." — P.  109. 

In  the  above  work  Mr.  Fennell  has  given  many 
other  interesting  zoological  elucidations  of  Shak- 
speare, and  of  various  other  ancient  poets. 

G.  TENNYSON. 

Rickmansworth. 

St.  Pauls  School  Library  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  641.).— 
A  catalogue  of  the  library  was  privately  printed 
in  1836,  8vo.  It  is  nominally  under  the  care  of 
the  captain  of  the  school,  who,  having  his  own 
duties  to  attend  to,  cannot  be  expected  to  pay 
much  attention  to  it :  this  readily  accounts  for  the 
disorder  said  to  prevail. 

It  is  believed  to  contain  the  copy  of  Vegetius 
de  re  militari,  the  perusal  of  which  by  Marl- 
borough,  when  a  pupil  at  the  school,  imbued  him 
with  that  love  for  military  science  he  in  after-life 
so  successfully  cultivated. 

It  would  be  a  good  deed  on  the  part  of  the 
wealthy  company,  the  trustees  of  Colet's  noble 
foundation,  to  enlarge  the  library  and  pay  a  salary 
to  a  librarian ;  it  might  thus  become  a  useful 
appendage  to  the  school,  and  under  certain  regu- 
lations be  made  accessible  to  the  vicinity.  W.  A. 

German  Tree  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  619.).  —  In  answer 
to  the  inquiry  of  ZEUS,  who  wishes  to  be  informed 
whether  this  custom  was  known  in  England  pre- 
vious to  1836,  I  beg  to  refer  him  to  Coleridge's 
Friend,  second  landing-place,  essay  iii.  (vol.  ii. 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  221. 


p.  249.),  entitled  "  Christmas  within  doors  in  the 
north  of  Germany."  The  passage  (apparently 
from  Coleridge's  journal)  is  dated  "  Ratzeburg, 
1799."  It  is,  I  think,  also  extracted  in  Knight's 
Half -hours  with  the  best  Authors.  Coleridge  went  to 
Germany  in  1798  {Biog.  Lit^  vol.  i.  p.  211.  note)  ; 
but  I  imagine  the  passage  I  refer  to  did  not  appear 
till  1818,  when  The  Friend  was  published  in 
three  volumes  (Biog.  Lit.,  vol.  ii.  p.  420.).  As 
the  book  is  so  common,  I  do  not  think  it  worth 
while  to  copy  out  the  account.  ZEUS  has  by  this 
time,  I  hope,  had  a  Christmas  Yggdrasil  in  his 
Olympus.  ERYX. 

Derivation  of  the  Word  "  Cash "  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  386.). — May  not  the  word  cash  be  connected 
with  the  Chinese  coin  bearing  that  name,  which 
Mr.  Martin,  in  his  work  on  China  (vol.  i.  p.  176.), 
describes  as  being  — 

"..The  smallest  coin  in  the  world,  there  being  about 
1000  to  1500  (cash)  in  a  dollar,  i.  e.  one-fifth  to  one- 
seventh  of  a  farthing." 

If  I  am  not  mistaken,  the  coin  in  question  is 
perforated  in  the  centre  to  permit  numbers  of 
the  pieces  being  strung  together,  payments  being 
made  in  so  many  strings  of  cash.  W.  W.  E.  T. 

66.  Warwick  Square,  Belgravia. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

The  Poetical  Works  of  John  Dryden,  edited  by  Robert 
Bell,  Vol.  I.,  is  the  first  of  what  is  proposed  to  be  a 
revised  and  carefully  annotated  edition  of  the  English 
Poets,  which  is  intended  to  supply  what  the  publisher 
believes  to  be  an  existing  want,  namely,  "  a  Complete 
Body  of  English  Poetry,  edited  throughout  with  judg- 
ment and  integrity,  and  combining  those  features  of 
research,  typographical  elegance,  and  economy  of  price, 
which  the  present  age  demands."  Certainly,  half-a- 
crown  a  volume  fulfils  the  latter  requirement  in  an 
extraordinary  manner ;  and  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that  if  the  other  essentials  be  as  strictly  fulfilled,  and 
the  collection  embraces,  as  it  is  intended,  not  only  the 
works  of  several  poets  who  have  been  entirely  omitted 
from  previous  collections,  but  those  stores  of  lyrical 
and  ballad  poetry  in  which  our  literature  is  so  pre- 
eminently rich,  The  Annotated  Edition  of  the  English 
Poets  will  meet  with  that  extensive  sale  to  which  alone 
the  publisher  can  look  for  remuneration. 

The  Museum  of  Science  and  Art,  edited  by  Dr. 
Lardner,  is  intended  to  supply  a  collection  of  instruc- 
tive tracts  and  essays,  composed  in  a  popular  and 
amusing  style,  and  in  easy  language,  on  the  leading 
discoveries  in  the  Physical  Sciences  :  so  that  persons, 
whose  occupations  exclude  the  possibility  of  systematic 
study,  may  in  their  short  hours  of  leisure  obtain  a 
considerable  amount  of  information  on  subjects  of  the 
highest  interest.  This  design  is  extremely  well  carried 
out  in  the  first  four  numbers,  which  are  devoted  to  — 


I.  and  II.  The  Planets:  Are  they  Inhabited  Worlds? 
III.  Weather  Prognostics  ;  and  IV.  Popular  Fallacies. 
The  introduction  of  details  and  incidents,  which  could 
not  with  propriety  be  introduced  into  works  of  a 
purely  scientific  character,  give  great  variety  and  in- 
terest to  the  different  papers. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  Journal  of  Sacred  Litera- 
ture, New  Series,  No.  X.,  contains,  in  addition  to  its 
notes,  correspondence,  &c.,  no  less  than  twelve  papers 
of  varied  interest  to  the  peculiar  class  of  readers  to 
whom  this  periodical  expressly  addresses  itself.  —  Mr. 
Bohn  has  just  added  to  his  Standard  Library  a  col- 
lection of  the  Novels  and  Talcs  of  Gotbe,  comprising 
his  Elective  Affinities ;  The  Sorrows  of  Werther ;  German 
Emigrants  ;  Good  Women  ;  and  a  Nouvelette  ;  and  in  his 
Classical  Library  he  has  commenced  a  revised  edition 
of  the  Oxford  translation  of  Tacitus.  The  Ninth  Part 
of  Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Geography, 
which  extends  from  the  conclusion  of  the  article  Ger- 
mania  to  Hytanis,  concludes  the  first  volume  of  this 
admirable  addition  to  Dr.  Smith's  series  of  Classical 
Dictionaries. —  Cyclopaedia  Bibliographica,  Part  XVI., 
from  Platina  to  Rivet.  Every  additional  Part  con- 
firms our  opinion  of  the  great  utility  of  this  indispens- 
able library  companion. 


BOOKS^  AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

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LETTERS  BY  CATHOLICUS  on  Sir  Robt.  Peel's  Tamworth  Address. 

Lond.  1841. 
KIRCHER'S  MUSURGIA  UNIVEUSALIS.     Romae,  165s.    2  Toms  in 

1.    Folio. 
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JAN.  21.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


SELDEN'S  WORKS  by  Wilkins.    Folio.     Vol.  III.  Part  II.    172G. 
BISHOP  GAUOEN,  the  Author  of  "  Icon  Basilike,"  by  Dr.  Todd. 
8vo.     (A  Pamphlet.) 

"Wanted  by  That.  G.  Stevenson,  Bookseller,  Edinburgh. 

KINGDOM'S   DICTIONARY  OF   QUOTATIONS  FROM   THE  ENGLISH. 
POETS.    3  Vols.    Published  by  Whittaker. 

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Wanted  by  Henry  Ditchburn,  Esq.,  Gravesend. 

G.  MACROPEDII,  FABUL^E  COMICS.    2  Tom.  8vo.   Utrecht,  1552. 
JUNIUS  DISCOVERED,  by  P.  T.     Published  about  1789. 

Wanted  by  William  J.  Thorns,  25.  Holywell  Street,  Millbank, 
Westminster. 


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"  An  extremely  clever  and  interesting  review  of  Pineton 
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Contains  422  Figures  engraved  on  Wood,    and  Coloured  Representations  of  the  Auldjo  and 

Naples  Vases. 
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CHRISTIAN    REMEM- 


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2.  St.  Alfonso  de  Liguori'g  Theory  of  Truth- 
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68 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  221. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
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Directors. 


T.  Grissell.Esq. 

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H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
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M.P. 

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Trustees. 
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22- 

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Age 
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TfYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

J\.    tographic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
'—  Dwledged.    Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day. 


warrant  the  assertion,  that   hitherto  no   preparation   has    bee 

uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  ra 

where  a   quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in 

Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.    Full  instructions 


discovered   which   prodi 

ined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.    In  all  ci 
o  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  grice  in  separaU 


for  use. 

CAUTIOX.— Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains, 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  ofPure 
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The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Northwick. 
Major-Gen.  Charles  Richard  Fox. 
Sir  Richard  D.  King,  Bart. 
Sir  Glynne  Earle  Welby,  Bart. 
The  Hon.  Arthur  Kinnaird,  M.P. 
Frederick  Squire,  Esq. 
Henry  B.  Churchill,  Esq. 
The  Rev.  James  Sherman. 
The  Rev.  Isaac  Spencer. 
William  Henry  Stone,  Esq. 

&c.  &c.  &c. 
Managing  Director.  —John  A.  Beaumont,  E«q. 

The  Rates  of  Premium  charged  by  the 
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consistent  with  security  to  the  insured. 

When  a  Policy  has  existed  for  a  period  of 
seven  years,  a  return  of  25  per  cent.,  or  one- 
fourth  the  amount  of  Premiums  paid  during 
thatjjeriod,  is  declared  upon  such  policy. 

The  returns  paid  to  the  present  time  amount 
to  nearly.  200,000?. 

AH  losses  are  settled  with  promptitude  and 
liberality. 

CHARLES  STEVENS,  Secretary. 


VIEWS  IN  LONDON. 

STEREOSCOPES     AND    STEREOSCOPIC 
PICTURES. 

LAND  &  LONG,  153.  FLEET 

STREET.  OPTICIANS  and  PHILO- 
'PHICAL  INSTRUMENT  MAKERS,  in- 
vite attention  to  their  Stock  of  STEREO- 
SCOPES of  all  Kinds,  and  in  various  Materials ; 
also,  to  their  New  and  Extensive  Assortment 
of  STEREOSCOPIC  PICTURES  for  the 
same,  in  DAGUERREOTYPE,  on  PAPER, 
and  TRANSPARENT  ALBUMEN  PIC- 
TURES on  GLASS,  including  Views  of 
London,  Paris,  the  Rhine,  Windsor,  &c.  These 
Pictures,  for  minuteness  of  Detail  and  Truth 
in  the  Representation  of  Natural  Objects,  are 
unrivalled. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 

***  "  Familiar  Explanation  of  the  Pheno- 
mena   sent  on  Application. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 

1       TUS,  MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of'Cameras  and  other  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
iractising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
ree  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half  tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  Br  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  1*.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

JL  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAME- 
RAS. -OTTEWFLL'S  REGISTERED 
DOUBLE-BODIED  FOLDING  CAMERA, 
is  superior  to  every  other  form  of  Camera, 
for  the  Photographic  Tourist,  from  its  capa- 
bility of  Elongation  or  Contraction  to  any 
Focal  Adjustment,  its  Portability,  and  its 
adaptation  for  taking  either  Views  or  Por- 
traits.—The  Trade  supplied. 

Every  Description  of  Camera,  or  Slides,  Tri- 
pod Stands,  Printing  Frames,  *c.,  may  be  ob- 
tained at  his  MANUFACTORY,  Charlotte 
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New  Inventions,  Models,  &c.,  made  to  order 
or  from  Drawings. 

PHOTOGRAPHY. 

COMPLETE  SET  OF  AP- 

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PORTRAIT  LENSES  of  double  Achro- 
matic combination,  from  U.  \2s.  6cl. 

LANDSCAPE  LENSES,  with  Rack  Ad- 
justment, from  25s. 

A  GUIDE  to  the  Practice  of  this  interestii 
Art,  la.,  by  post  free,  l.«  M. 

French  Polished  MAHOGANY  STEREO- 
SCOPES, from  lO.s.  0(7.  A  large  assortment  of 
STEREOSCOPIC  PICTURES  for  the  same 
in  Daguerreotype,  Calotype,  or  Albumen,  at 
equally  low  pric.es. 

ACHROMATIC  MICROSCOPES. 

Beautifully  finished  ACHROMATIC  MI- 
CROSCOPE, with  all  the  latest  improvements 
and  apparatus,  complete  from  31. 15s.,  at 

C.  BAKER'S.  Optical  and  Mathematical  In- 
strument Warehouse,  244.  High  Holborn  (op- 
posite Day  &  Martin's). 


Exp'f 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
JBt.  Bnde,  m  the  City  of  London ;  and  published  by  GEOHOE  BEJ,L,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  "West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.-  f 


-  Saturday,  January  21. 1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

"  Wiien  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  222.] 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  28.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Prophets :  Francis  Dobbs,  by  Henry  II. 

Breen  -  -  -  -  -  71 

Sir  Walter  Scott  and  his  Quotations 

from  Himself  -  -  -  -72 

The. inns  Campbell  -  -  -  -  73 

FOLK  LOUR  :  —  Legends  of  the  Co.  Clare 

—  Slow-worm  Superstition         -  -    73 
The  Vellum-bound  Juuius,  by  Sir  T. 

Metcalfe 74 

MINOR  NOTKS:— The  Scotch  Grievance 

AYalpole   and   Macaulay — Russian 

"Justice"  — False   Dates    in    Water- 
marks of  Paper     -          -          -          -    74 

QUERIKS  :  — 

Mr.  P.  Cunninghame,  by  ,T.  Macray       -    75 
Was    Bhakapeare    descended    from    a 

Landed  Proprietor  '(  by  J.  O.  Halliwell  75 
MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  "  To  try  and  get  "  — 
Fleet  Prison  —  Colonel  St.  Lexer  — 
Lords'  Descents— Reverend  Robert 
Hall  —  "  Lydia,  or  Conversion  "  —  Per- 
sonal Descriptions  —  '•  One  while  I 
think,"  &c.  — Lord  Bacon  — Society  for 
burning  the  Dead—Cui  Bono -The 
Stock  Horn -Lady  Harington  —  De- 
scendants of  Sir  M.  Hale — A  Query 
for  the  City  Commission—  Cross-legged 
Monumental  Figures  —  Muffins  and 
Crumpets  -  -  -  -  -  76 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
"  Behemoth  "  — "  Dens  ex  M nchinil  "  — 
Wheelbarrows  —  Persons  alluded  to  by 
Hooker 77 

.  UEW.IKS  :  — 

Longfellow's  Originality,  by  Wm.  Mat- 
thews -  -  -  -  -  77 

Queen  Elizabeth  and  Queen  Anne's 
Motto 78 

T3ooks  burnt  by  the  Common  Hangman      73 

Stone  Pulpits  -  -  -  -    79 

Antiquity  of  Fire-irons,  by  Wm.  Mat- 
thews, &c.  -  -  -  -  -  80 

Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  by  Wm. 
Wintlirop  -  -  -  -  -  80 

Grammars,  £c.,  for  Public  Schools,  by 
Mackenzie  Walcott,  M. A.,  &c.  -  -  81 

Derivation  of  Mawmet  —  Came,  by  J.W. 
Thomas  -  -  -  -  -  82 

The  Gosling  Family, by  Honors  de  Mare- 
ville-  -  -  -  -  -  82 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Tent 
for  Collodion  Purposes  —  Multiplying 
Negatives  and  Collodion  on  Paper  — 
Photographic  Copies  of  Ancient  Manu- 
scripts —  Fox  Talbot's  Patents  —  Anti- 
quarian Photographic  Society  -  -  83 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  : —"Firm 
was  their  faith,"  &c.  —  Attainment  of 
Majority  —  Three  Fleurs-de-Lis  — 
Newspaper  Folk  Lore  _  Nattochiis 
and  Calchanti  —  Marriage  Ceremony 
in  the  Fourteenth  Century  —  Clarence 

—  "  The  spire  whose  silent  finger,"  &c. 

—  Henry  Earl  of  Wotton  —Tenth  (or 
the  Prii'ce  of  Wales's  Own)  Regiment 

of  (Light)  Dragoons,  &c.  -          -          -    83 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.         -          -  -  90 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted  -  90 

Notices  to  Correspondents         -  -  91 


VOL.  IX.— No.  222. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITU- 
TION. _  An  EXHIBITION  of  PIC- 
TURES, by  the  most  celebrated  French, 
Italian,  and  English  Photographers,  embrac- 
ing Views  of  the  principal  Countries  and  Cities 
of  Europe,  is  now  OPEN.  Admission  6d.  A 
Portrait  taken  by  MR.  TALBOT'S  Patent 
Process,  One  Guinea ;  Three  extra  Copies  for 
10s. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  NEW  BOND  STREET. 

QPECTACLES.  —  Every     De- 

Cl  seription  of  SPECTACLES  and  EYE- 
GLASSES for  the  Assistance  of  Vision,  adapted 
by  means  of  Smee's  Optometer  :  that  being 
the  only  correct  method  of  determining  the 
exact  focus  of  the  Lenses  required,  and  of  pre- 
venting injury  to  the  sight  by  the  use  of  im- 
proper Glasses. 

BLAND  &  LONG.  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 

SCIENTIFIC  RECREATION  FOR  YOUTH 
—EXPERIMENTAL  CHEMISTRY. 

AMUSEMENT     FOR     LONG 

J.7\.  EVENINGS,  by  means  of  ST  ATH AM'S 
Chemical  Cabinets  and  Portable  Laboratories, 
5s.  6d.,  7s.  M.,  \0s.6d.,  21s.,  31s.  6d.,  42.«.,  63s., 
and  upwards.  Book  of  Experiments,  Get.  "  Il- 
lustrated Descriptive  Catalogue"  forwarded 
Free  for  Stamp. 

WILLIAM  E.  STATHAM,  Operative  Che- 
mist, 29c.  Rotherfleld  Street,  Islington, 
London,  and  of  Chemists  and  Opticians 
everywhere. 

TTEAL  &  SON'S  EIDER  DOWN 

.IT  QUILT  is  the  warmest,  the  lightest, 
and  the  most  elegant  Covering  for  the  Bed, 
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It  is  made  in  Three  Varieties,  of  which  a  large 
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with  the  Catalogue  of  Bedsteads,  sent  Free  by 
Post. 

HEAL  &  SON,  Bedstead  and  Bedding  Manu- 
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HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUS- 
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HEAL  &  SON,  Bedstead  and  Beddine  Manu- 
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HART,      RECORD 

and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Kccords  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  ii nd  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 
1,  ALBERT  TERR  ACE,  NEW  CROSS, 


W       H.     HA 

f  V  •     AGENT  and 
RIAN  (who  is  in  the 


WILLIAM    SKEFF1NGTON, 
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/THE  SINFULNESS  of  LITTLE 

SINS.      By   JOHN    JACK. SOX,   D.D., 
Lord  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 

By  the  same  Author, 

REPENTANCE:  its  Necessity, 

Nature,  and  Aids.  Third  Edition,  :-.«.  6cf.,  by 
post,  4s. 

CHILCOT       ON       EVIL 

THOUGHTS  ;  with  Rules  for  their  Restraint 
and  Suppression.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Richard 
Hooper,  M.A..  Curate  of  St.  Stephen's,  West- 
minster, and  Assistant  Hospitaller  of  St.  Tho- 
mas's, Southwark.  This  day,'  new  edition, 
18mo.,  2s.  6rf.,  by  post,  3s. 

"  A  very  admirable  work."  —  Guardian, 

London :  WILLIAM  SKEFFINGTON, 
163.  Piccadilly. 


nPHE  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

_L     No.  CLXXXVIL,    is  published  THIS 
DAY. 

CONTENTS : 

I.  LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF  (JP.AY. 
II.  HUMBOLDT'S      COSMOS  —  SIDE- 
REAL ASTRONOMY. 

III.  y  -SMONS  IN  POLY-XKSJA. 

IV.  M.  GUIZOT. 

V.  RELIGION    OF      THE     CHINESE 

REBELS. 
VI.  CASTREN'S     TRAVELS      AMONG; 

THE  LAPPS. 

VII.  MEMOIRS  OF  KING  JOSEPH. 
VIII.  TURKEY  AND  KUs.-l  A. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  28,  1854. 


PROPHETS  :  FRANCIS  DOBBS. 

Among  the  characters  introduced  to  the  readers 
of  "  N.  &  Q-,"  under  the  name  of  prophets,  there 
are  few  that  deserve  so  distinguished  a  place  as 
Mr.  Francis  Dobbs.  Not  only  has  he  a  claim  to 
that  title,  in  the  derisive  sense  in  which  it  is  ap- 
plied to  all  modern  enthusiasts,  but  also  on  the 
higher  grounds  of  political  sagacity  and  practical 
wisdom.  Some  men  have  exhibited  this  double 
character  successively,  and  at  different  periods  of 
their  lives  ;  but  none  have  displayed  it  in  such 
happy  union  as  Mr.  Dobbs.  Indeed,  in  that  re- 
spect, he  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  striking 
instances  on  record  of  what  is  called  the  "  duality 
of  the  human  mind." 

The  information  I  am  able  to  furnish  respecting 
this  remarkable  man,  is  derived  from  a  pamphlet, 
publi>hed  "by  authority"  (probably  himself),  by 
J.  Jones,  Dublin,  1800,  and  entitled,  Memoirs  of 
Francis  Dobbs,  Esq.  ;  also  Genuine  Reports  of  his 
Speeches  in  Parliament  on  the  Subject  of  an  Union, 
and  his  Prediction  of  the  Second  Coming  of  the 
Messiah,  with  Extracts  from  his  Poem  on  the 
Millennium. 

Mr.  Dobbs  was  born  on  April  27,  1750  ;  and 
was  the  younger  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Dobbs, 
who  was  the  younger  brother  of  Arthur  Dobbs  of 
Castle  Dobbs,  co.  Antrim,  formerly  Governor  of 
North  Carolina.  His  ancestor,  an  officer  in  the 
army,  came  from  England  in  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth ;  and  by  a  marriage  with  the  great- 
granddaughter  of  Hugh,  Earl  of  Tyrone,  got  the 
estate  of  Castle  Dobbs,  with  other  estates  in  the 
Co.  Antrim.  His  great-grandfather  was  Mayor  of 
Carrickfergus  at  the  time  King  William  landed, 
and  was  the  first  subject  in  Ireland  that  paid  him 
allegiance. 

Mr.  Dobbs  devoted  himself  for  some  years  to 
literary  pursuits.  In  1768  he  purchased  an  en- 
signcy  in  the  63rd  Regiment,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued till  1773.  Having  sold  his  commission,  he 
turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
was  called  to  the  bar.  He  then  married  Miss 
Stewart  of  Ballantroy,  in  the  county  of  Antrim, 
the  daughter  of  a  gentleman  of  considerable  pro- 
perty, niece  of  Sir  Hugh  Hill,  and  descended  from 
the  Bute  family.  He  afterwards  joined  the 
Volunteers  under  Lord  Charlemont,  was  appointed 
Major  to  the  Southern  Battalion,  and  acted  as 
exercising  officer  at  the  great  reviews  held  at 
Belfast  in  1780,  1781,  and  1782.  He  took  an 
active  part,  in  conjunction  with  Lord  Charlemont, 
Mr.  Grattan,  Mr.  Flood,  and  others,  in  the  poli- 
tical agitation  of  that  period  ;  was  the  mover  of  an 
address  to  the  King,  approving  of  the  proceedings 


of  the  Irish  Parliament,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
deputation  appointed  to  present  it  to  his  Majesty, 
on  which  occasion  he  refused  the  honour  of  a  baro- 
netcy. At  a  later  period,  the  Earl  of  Charlemont 
brought  him  into  the  Irish  Parliament ;  and  it 
was  while  occupying  a  seat  in  that  assembly, 
that  he  delivered  the  "  Speeches "  already  re- 
ferred to. 

Mr.  Dobbs's  Speech  on  the  Legislative  Union  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  ever  pronounced  then 
or  since,  on  that  fertile  topic.  He  descants  in 
forceful  language  on  the  evils,  real  or  imaginary, 
likely  to  arise  from  that  measure  ;  and  points  out, 
with  a  striking  minuteness  of  detail,  some  of  the 
consequences  which  have  actually  resulted  there- 
from. Indeed,  the  repealers  of  a  subsequent 
period  did  little  more  than  borrow  Mr.  Dobbs's 
language ;  nor  were  they  able,  after  thirty  years' 
experience  of  the  practical  working  of  the  Union, 
to  add  a  single  new  grievance  to  the  catalogue  of 
those  so  eloquently  expatiated  upon  by  him  in  the 
year  1800.  As,  however,  we  have  to  deal  with 
Mr.  Dobbs  chiefly  as  a  religious  prophet,  I  shall 
confine  my  extracts  from  his  speeches  to  the  illus- 
tration of  his  character  in  that  capacity. 

The  speech  on  the  Legislative  Union  was  de- 
livered on  February  5,  1800.  On  June  7  follow- 
ing (the  Bill  having  been  carried  in  the  mean 
time),  Mr.  Dobbs  pronounced  in  the  Irish  Par- 
liament a  speech  in  which  he  predicted  the  second 
coming  of  the  Messiah.  This  speech,  the  most 
extraordinary  that  was  ever  made  in  a  legislative 
assembly,  presents  a  singular  contrast  to  the 
sagacity  which  characterises  his  political  perform- 
ances. A  few  short  extracts  will  show  the  change 
that  had  come  over  his  prophetic  vision  : 

"  Sir,  from  the  conduct  pursued  by  administration 
during  this  Session,  and  the  means  that  were  known  to 
be  in  their  power,  it  was  not  very  difficult  to  foresee 
that  this  Bill  must  reach  that  chair.  It  was  not  very 
difficult  to  foresee  that  it  should  fall  to  your  lot  to 
pronounce  the  painful  words,  «  That  this  bill  do  pass.' 
Awful  indeed  would  those  words  be  to  me,  did  I  con- 
sider myself  living  in  ordinary  times  :  but  feeling  as  I 
do  that  we  are  not  living  in  ordinary  times — feeling 
as  I  do  that  we  are  living  in  the  most  momentous  and 
eventful  period  of  the  world  —  feeling  as  I  do  that  a 
new  and  better  order  of  things  is  about  to  arise,  and 
that  Ireland,  in  that  new  order  of  things,  is  to  be  highly 
distinguished  indeed  —  this  bill  hath  no  terrors  for  me. 

"  Sir,  I  did  intend  to  have  gone  at  some  length  into 
history,  and  the  sacred  predictions ;  but  as  I  purpose, 
in  a  very  few  months,  to  give  to  the  public  a  work  in 
which  I  shall  fully  express  my  opinion  as  to  the  vast 
design  of  this  terrestrial  creation,  I  shall  for  the  pre- 
sent confine  myself  to  such  passages  as  will  support 
three  positions :  —  The  first  is,  the  certainty  of  the 
second  advent  of  the  Messiah ;  the  next,  the  signs  of 
the  times  of  his  coming,  and  the  manner  of  it ;  and  the 
last,  that  Ireland  is  to  have  the  glorious  pre-eminence 
of  being  the  first  kingdom  that  will  receive  him." 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


After  dwelling  at  some  length  on  his  first  two 
positions,  he  thus  proceeds  : 

"  I  come  now,  Sir,  to  the  most  interesting  part  of 
what  I  have  to  say  ;  it  is  to  point  out  my  reasons  for 
thinking  this  is  the  distinguished  country  in  which  the 
Messiah  is  now  to  appear.  The  stone  that  is  to  be 
cut  out  of  the  mountain  without  hands,  is  to  fall  on  the 
feet  of  the  image,  and  to  break  the  whole  image  to 
pieces.  Now,  that  would  not  be  true,  if  Christ  and 
his  army  was  to  appear  in  any  country  that  is  a  part 
of  the  image ;  therefore,  all  the  countries  that  were 
comprised  in  the  Babylonish  and  Assyrian  empire,  in 
the  Medo- Persian  empire,  in  the  Greek  empire,  and 
in  the  Roman  empire,  are  positively  excluded.  There 
is  another  light  thrown  on  this  question  by  a  passage 
in  the  41st  chapter  of  Isaiah  :  '  I  have  raised  up  one 
from  the  north,  and  he  shall  come  ;  from  ths  rjsing  of 
the  sun  shall  he  call  upon  my  name,  and  he  shall  come 
upon  princes  as  upon  mortar,  and  as  the  potter  treadeth 
clay.'  This  is  manifestly  the  Messiah  ;  and  we  are 
therefore  to  look  for  a  country  north  of  Judea,  where 
the  prophecy  was  given.  The  New  World  is  out  of 
the  question,  being  nowhere  a  subject  of  prophecy  ; 
and  as  the  image  is  excluded,  it  can  only  be  in  the  Rus- 
sian empire,  or  in  the  kingdoms  of  Denmark,  Sweden, 
or  Ireland. 

"  The  army  that  follows  the  Messiah,  we  are  told, 
amounts  to  144,000;  and  there  are  a  few  passages  in 
the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  that  denote  the  place 
where  they  are  to  be  assembled.  One  is,  '  I  saw  them 
harping  with  their  harps.'  Another,  '  I  saw  them  stand- 
ing on  a  sea  of  glass,  having  the  harps  of  God.' 
Another  is,  'That  they  were  clothed  in  fine  linen, 
white  and  clean.'  Another  is,  '  And  he  gathered  them 
together  in  a  place,  in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  called 
Armageddon.'  Now,  what  respects  the  harp  and  the 
fine  linen,  peculiarly  applies  to  Ireland;  and  not  at  all 
to  Russia,  Denmark,  or  Sweden.  The  sea  of  glass  I  think 
must  be  an  island.  And  I  believe  the  word  Armaged- 
don in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  and  Ardmah  or  Armagh 
in  the  Irish,  mean  the  same  thing.  At  all  events, 
there  is  great  similitude  in  their  sounds ;  and  St. 
Patrick  thought  proper  to  make  the  city  of  Ardmagh, 
which  is  the  old  name,  the  seat  of  the  church  govern- 
ment of  Ireland.  But  besides  these  sacred  passages  of 
Scripture,  there  are  some  very  particular  circumstances 
attending  Ireland.  She  has  never  had  her  share  in 
worldly  prosperity,  and  has  only  since  1782  begun  to 
rise ;  and  I  know  no  instance  in  history  of  any  nation 
beginning  to  prosper,  witlibut  arriving  at  a  summit  of 
some  kind,  before  it  became  again  depressed.  The  four 
great  empires  rose  progressively  west  of  each  other  ; 
and  Great  Britain  made  the  fcist  toe  of  the  image,  being 
the  last  conquest  the  Romans  made  in  the  west.  Now, 
Ireland  lies  directly  west  of  it,  and  is  therefore  in 
exactly  the  same  progressive  line,  and  it  never  was  any 
part  of  the  image,  nor  did  the  Roman  arms  ever  pene- 
trate here.  The  arms  of  Ireland  is  the  harp  of  David, 
with  an  angel  in  its  front.  The  crown  of  Ireland  is 
the  apostolic  crown.  Tradition  has  long  spoken  of  it  as 
a  land  of  saints  ;  and  if  what  I  expect  happens,  that 
prediction  will  be  fulfilled.  But  what  I  rely  on  more 
than  all,  is  our  miraculous  exemption  from  all  of  the 


serpent  and  venomous  tribe  of  reptiles.  This  appears 
to  me  in  the  highest  degree  emblematic,  that  Satan, 
the  Great  Serpent,  is  here  to  receive  his  first  deadly 
blow." 

I  had  an  idea  of  sending  you  some  extracts  from 
Mr.  Dobbs's  poem  on  The  Millennium,  but  I  fear  I 
have  already  trespassed  too  far  on  your  valuable 
space.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


SIR    WALTER    SCOTT    AND    HIS    QUOTATIONS    FROM 
HIMSELF. 

Your  correspondent  A.  J.  DUNKIN  (Vol.  vlii., 
p.  622.)  asks  who  was  the  author  of  the  couplet, — 
"  Oh  !  for  a  blast  of  that  dread  horn, 
On  Fontarabian  echoes  borne." 

In  reply  to  which  Query  you  refer  him  to  the 
juvenile  efforts  of  Frank  Osbaldiston  in  the  de- 
lightful novel  of  Rob  Roy. 

You  might  have  referred  him  likewise  to  a  cor- 
responding passage  in  the  sixth  canto  of  Marmion, 
sec.  xxxiii.,  from  which  the  accomplished  poet  and 
novelist  repeated  inadvertently  his  own  verses  : 

"  O  for  a  blast  of  that  dread  horn, 
On  Fontarabian  echoes  borne, 

That  to  King  Charles  did  come,"  &c. 

I  say  "  inadvertently  "  from  my  own  knowledge. 
A  few  months  after  the  well-known  occurrence  at 
a  public  dinner  in  Edinburgh,  when  Sir  W.  Scott 
openly  declared  himself  the  author  of  the  Waverley 
Novels,  the  writer  of  these  lines  was  staying  at 
Abbotsford  on  a  visit.  On  one  occasion,  when 
walking  with  Sir  Walter  about  his  grounds,  I  led 
the  conversation  to  his  late  revelations  ;  and  while 
expressing  some  wonder  at  the  length  of  time 
during  which  the  secret  of  the  authorship  had 
been  kept,  I  ventured  to  say  that  I  for  one  had 
never  felt  the  smallest  doubt  upon  the  matter,  but 
that  the  intrinsic  evidence  of  these  several  works, 
acknowledged  and  unacknowledged,  had  long  ago 
convinced  me  that  they  were  written  by  one  and 
the  same  author.  Among  other  points  I  quoted 
the  very  lines  in  question  from  the  elegy  on  the 
death  of  the  Black  Prince  in  Rob  Roy,  which  I 
reminded  Sir  Walter  might  also  be  found  in  the 
sixth  canto  of  Marmion.  "  Ah  !  indeed,"  he  re- 
plied, with  his  natural  expression  of  comic  gravity, 
"  that  was  very  careless  of  me !  I  did  not  think  I 
should  have  committed  such  a  blunder !  " 

We  kept  up  the  like  strain  of  conversation 
during  the  whole  ramble,  with  a  good  deal  ot 
harmless  pleasantry.  In  the  course  of  our  walk 
Sir  Walter  stopped  at  a  particular  point,  and 
leaning  on  his  staff  like  his  own  "  Antiquary,"  he 
pointed  out  some  ancient  earth-works,  whose  un- 
dulating surface  indicated  the  traces  of  a  Roman 
or  Pictish  encampment.  "  There,"  said  he,  "  you 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


73 


will  perceive  the  remains  of  a  very  good  camp." 
"  Yes,  Sir,"  said  I,  in  the  words  of  Lovel,  "  I  do 
see  something  like  a  ditch  indistinctly  marked" 
Sir  Walter  burst  into  a  hearty  fit  of  laughter, 
saying,  "  Ay,  my  friends  do  call  it  the  Kairn  of 
Kimprunes." 

I  trust  your  readers  will  forgive  me  for  record- 
ing these  trivialities  ;  but  MR.  DTJNKIN'S  Query 
recalled  them  to  my  mind  so  forcibly  after  the 
lapse  of  many  years,  that  I  venture  to  obtrude 
them  upon  your  notice. 

Before  I  conclude  this  paper,  I  may  be  per- 
mitted to  make  reference  to  a  series  of  letters 
addressed  to  Richard  Heber,  Esq.,  M.P.,  by  Mr. 
Adolphus,  son  of  the  historian  of  the  reign  of 
George  III.  In  the  conversation  referred  to,  Sir 
Walter  Scott  mentioned  these  letters  in  terms  of 
high  approbation,  —  terms  not  undeserved  ;  for 
a  more  elegant,  ingenious,  and  convincing  piece  of 
literary  criticism  never  issued  from  the  press. 

At  that  time  I  had  not  seen  it ;  but  in  reference 
to  the  passage  in  question,  the  coincidence  of 
which  in  the  poem  and  the  romance  has  not  es- 
caped the  critic's  acuteness,  Mr.  Adolphus  makes 
the  following  remarks  : 

"  A  refined  speculator  might  perhaps  conceive  that 
so  glaring  a  repetition  could  not  be  the  effect  of  inad- 
vertence, but  that  the  novelist,  induced  by  some  tran- 
sient whim  or  caprice,  had  intentionally  appropriated 
the  verses  of  his  great  cotemporary.  I  cannot,  how- 
ever, imagine  any  motive  for  such  a  proceeding,  more 
especially  as  it  must  appear  somewhat  unhandsome  to 
take  possession  of  another  man's  lines  for  the  mere 
purpose  of  exhibiting  them  in  a  ridiculous  light.  Nor 
does  it  seem  to  me  at  all  unlikely  that  the  author  of 
Marmion,  supposing  him  to  be  also  the  author  of  Rob 
Roy,  should  have  unconsciously  repeated  himself  in  this 
instance,  for  we  find  him  more  than  once  apologising 
in  his  avowed  works  for  having,  in  the  haste  of  com- 
position, snatched  up  expressions,  and  even  whole  lines, 
of  other  writers." 

The  anecdote  above  recorded  proves  the  justice 
and  refinement  of  the  critic's  speculation. 

A  BORDERER. 


THOMAS    CAMPBELL. 

In  a  small  8vo.  volume  before  me,  entitled  The 
History  of  the  Stage :  in  which  is  included  the 
Theatrical  Characters  of  the  most  celebrated  Actors 
who  have  adorned  the  Theatre,  frc. ;  with  the  The- 
atrical  Life  of  Mr.  Colly  Ciller  (Lond.  1742),  I 
notice  a  very  remarkable  similarity  of  thought  and 
expression  between  its  author  and  the  late  Thomas 
Campbell.  The  dramatic  author  writes  thus  : 

"  But  with  whatever  strength  of  nature  we  see  the 
poet  show  at  once  the  philosopher  and  the  hero,  yet 
the  image  of  the  actor's  excellence  will  still  be  imper- 
fect to  you,  unless  language  could  put  colours  into 
words  to  paint  the  voice  with. 


"  The  most  that  a  Vandyke  can  arrive  at  is  to  make 
his  portraits  of  great  persons  seem  to  think  ;  a  Shak- 
speare  goes  farther  yet,  and  tells  you  what  his  picture 
thought  ;  a  Betterton  steps  beyond  them  both,  and 
calls  them  from  the  grave  to  breathe  and  be  themselves 
again,  in  feature,  speech,  and  motion.  When  the  skil- 
ful actor  shows  you  all  these  powers  at  once  united, 
and  gratifies  at  once  your  eye,  your  ear,  your  under- 
standing, —  to  conceive  the  pleasure  arising  from  such 
harmony  you  must  have  been  present  at  it ;  'tis  not  to 
be  told  you." 

Now  compare  this  passage  with  the  following 
lines  from  Mr.  Campbell's  "  Valedictory  Stanzas 
to  J.  P.  Kemble,  Esq.,"  composed  for  a  public 
meeting  held  June,  1817  : 

"  His  was  the  spell  o'er  hearts 

Which  only  acting  lends, 
The  youngest  of  the  Sister  Arts, 

Where  all  their  beauty  blends  : 
For  ill  can  Poetry  express 

Full  many  a  tone  of  thought  sublime  ; 
And  Painting,  mute  and  motionless, 

Steals  but  a  glance  of  time. 
But  by  the  mighty  actor  brought, 

Illusion's  perfect  triumphs  come, — 
Verse  ceases  to  be  airy  thought, 

And  Sculpture  to  be  dumb."  9 

SERVIENS. 


FOLK    LORE. 


Legends  of  the  Co.  Clare  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  436.).  — 
The  Lake  of  Inchiquin,  one  legend  of  which  has 
been  already  published  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  is  said  to 
have  been  once  a  populous  and  flourishing  city, 
and  still  on  a  calm  night  you  may  see  the  towers 
and  spires  gleaming  through  the  clear  wave.  But 
for  some  dreadful  and  unabsolved  crime,  a  holy 
man  of  those  days  whelmed  all  beneath  the  deep 
waters.  The  "  dark  spirit "  of  its  king,  who  ruled 
also  over  the  surrounding  country,  resides  in  a 
cavern  in  one  of  the  hills  which  border  the  lake, 
and  once  every  seven  years  at  midnight  he  issues 
forth  mounted  on  his  white  charger,  and  urges 
him  at  full  speed  over  hill  and  crag,  until  he  has 
completed  the  circuit  of  the  lake ;  and  thus  he  is 
to  continue,  till  the  silver  hoofs  of  his  steed  are 
worn  out,  when  the  curse  will  be  removed,  and  the 
city  reappear  in  all  its  splendour.  The  cave  ex- 
tends nearly  a  mile  under  the  hill ;  the  entrance  is 
low  and  gloomy,  but  the  roof  rises  to  a  consider- 
able height  for  about  half  the  distance,  and  then 
sinks  down  to  a  narrow  passage,  which  leads  into 
a  somewhat  lower  division  of  the  cave.  The 
darkness,  and  the  numbers  of  bats  which  flap  their 
wings  in  the  face  of  the  explorer,  and  whirl  round 
his  taper,  fail  not  to  impress  him  with  a  sensation 
of  awe.  FRANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 

Slow-worm  Superstition  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  33.  479.). 
—  I  believe  that  the  superstition  alluded  to  is 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


not  confined  to  one  country,  nor  to  one  species  of 
reptile.  I  remember  to  have  heard  some  country- 
men in  Cornwall,  who  had  killed  an  adder,  say 
that  it  would  not  cease  to  writhe  until  the  sun  had 
gone  down.  Like  many  other  so-called  super- 
stitions, it  is  probably  founded  on  a  close  observa- 
tion of  a  natural  phenomenon ;  and  I  feel  quite 
sure  that  I  have  seen  in  print,  although  I  cannot 
now  call  to  mind  where,  that  it  is  to  be  accounted 
for  by  the  fact,  that  in  these  cold-blooded  animals 
the  nervous  irritability  does  not  cease  until  checked 
or  destroyed  by  the  chilling  dews  of  evening. 

HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 
Guernsey. 


THE   VELLUM-BOUND    JUNIUS. 

(Vol.  v.,  pp.  303.  333.  607. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  8.) 

I  have  no  doubt  that  it  will  be  satisfactory  to 
some  of  your  readers  to  know  that  I  have  in  my 
possession  a  copy,  "  vellum  bound  in  gilt,"  of 
Junius,  printed  for  Henry  Sampson  Woodfall, 
1772,  2  vols.  This  copy  has  been  in  the  family 
library  for  about  sixty  years.  There  are  no 
marks  by  which  it  can  be  traced  to  its  original 
owner.  I  imagine  it  must  have  been  purchased 
by  my  grandfather,  Sir  Thomas  Metcalfe,  after  his 
arrival  from  India  about  1788  ;  this  is,  however, 
merely  a  conjecture,  in  default  of  any  more  pro- 
bable theory.  Of  the  authenticity  of  this  copy  I 
have  no  doubt ;  I  mean  that  it  is  now  in  the  same 
condition  as  when  it  was  first  issued  by  the  book- 
seller. The  binding  is  evidently  of  an  old  date, 
the  gilding  is  peculiar,  and  the  books  correspond 
exactly  with  the  orders  of  Junius  as  given  to 
Woodfall  in  Note  No.  47.,  Dec.  1771,  and  although 
neatly  bound,  are,  as  Woodfall  mentions  in  No.  64., 
not  highly  finished.  Are  there  many  copies  of 
this  edition,  or  may  I  congratulate  myself  upon 
possessing  the  one  ordered  by  Junius?  It  is 
quite  possible  that  my  grandfather  possessed  this 
copy  some  years  before  his  return  from  India;  and 
I  may  mention  that  I  also  have  a  great  many 
political  pamphlets  and  satires,  chiefly  in  poetry, 
of  different  dates,  from  1760  to  1780,  such  as  Ca- 
tiline's Conspiracy;  The  Didboliad;  Ditto,  with 
additions,  dedicated  to  the  worst  man  in  the  king- 
dom (Rigby),  and  containing  allusions  to  all  the 
most  celebrated  characters  of  Junius  ;  The  Se- 
nators, La  Fete  Champetre^&nd  many  miscellanies. 
These,  however,  are  perhaps  well  known.  I  have 
also  a  pamphlet  containing  an  alleged  unpublished 
canto  of  the  Faerie  Queene  of  Spenser,  and  a  great 
many  religious  tracts  from  1580  to  1700.  Some 
of  the  political  poems  are  published  by  Almon. 
Among  other  curious  stray  sheets,  is  a  list  of  all 
the  gentlemen  and  officers  who  fell  in  the  cause 
of  Charles  I.,  and  Mr.  Richard  Brown  appears 
amongst  the  number-  I  hope  to  communicate 
more  fully  upon  some  future  occasion,  and  must 


conclude  with  an  allusion  to  the  claims  of  Francis 
as  the  author  of  Junius.  Strong  as  the  proofs 
may  be  in  his  favour  in  England,  I  believe  that  in 
India  there  is  testimony  no  less  important ;  and  I 
have  been  informed,  by  one  who  spoke  with  some 
authority,  that  the  letters  of  Francis  upon  record 
in  this  country  bear  no  resemblance  whatever  to 
those  of  Junius.  This  assertion,  however,  is  far 
too  vague  to  satisfy  any  of  your  readers.  I  hope 
some  day  to  be  able  to  confirm  it  by  examples. 
The  India  House  might  furnish  the  private  cor- 
respondence between  Francis  and  Hastings,  which 
would  be  extremely  interesting. 

T.  METCALFE. 


Delhi. 


The  Scotch  Grievance.  —  Can  the  demand  of 
Scotchmen,  with  respect  to  the  usage  of  the  royal 
arms,  be  justified  by  the  laws  of  Heraldry  ?  I 
think  not.  They  require  that  when  the  royal 
arms  are  used  in  Scotland,  the  Scotch  bearings 
should  be  placed  in  the  first  quarter.  Surely  it  is 
against  all  rules  that  the  armorial  bearings,  either 
of  a  person  or  of  a  nation,  should  be  changeable 
according  to  th'e  place  where  they  are  used.  The 
arms  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  of  the  sovereign 
are,  first  and  fourth,  England  ;  second,  Scotland ; 
third,  Ireland.  The  Scotch  have  therefore  the 
option  of  using  these,  or  else  the  arms  of  Scotland 
singly  ;  but  to  shift  the  quarterings  according  to 
locality,  seems  repugnant  to  the  principles  of  the 
science.  Queen  Anne  and  George  I.  bore,  in  the 
first  quarter,  England  impaling  Scotland  :  is  it  to 
be  supposed  that,  for  Scotch  purposes,  they  bore 
Scotland  impaling  England?  Can  any  coin  be 
produced,  from  the  accession  of  James  VI.  to  the 
English  throne,  on  which  the  royal  arms  are  found 
with  Scotland  in  the  first  quarter  and  England  in 
the  second  ? 

A  DESCENDANT  FROM  SCOTTISH  KINGS. 

Walpole  and  Macaulay.  —  That  well-known  and 
beautiful  conception  of  the  New  Zealander  in  some 
future  age  sitting  on  the  ruins  of  Westminster 
Bridge,  and  looking  where  London  stood,  may 
have  been  first  suggested  by  a  thought  in  one  of 
Walpole' s  lively  letters  to  Sir  H.  Mann  : 

"  At  last  some  curious  native  of  Lima  will  visit 
London,  and  give  a  sketch  of  the  ruins  of  Westminster 
and  St.  Paul's." 

ANON. 

Russian  "  Justice"  —  Euler,  in  his  102nd  letter 
to  a  German  princess,  says  : 

"  Formerly  there  was  no  word  in  the  Russian  lan- 
guage to  express  what  we  call  justice.  This  was  cer- 
tainly a  very  great  defect,  as  the  idea  of  justice  is  of 
very  great  importance  in  a  great  number  of  our  judg- 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


75 


ments  and  reasonings,  and  as  it  is  scarcely  possible  to 
think  of  the  thing  itself  without  a  term  expressive  of 
it.  They  have,  accordingly,  supplied  this  defect  by  in- 
troducing into  that  language  a  word  which  conveys  the 
notion  of  justice." 

This  letter  is  dated  14th  February,  1761.  Statue 
nominis  umbra  ?  An  answer  is  not  needed  to  this 
Query.  But  can  nothing  be  done  to  rescue  from 
destruction  the  previous  analytical  treasures  of 
Euler,  now  entombed  in  the  archives  of  St.  Pe- 
tersburgh  ?  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Birmingham. 

False  Dates  in  Water-marks  of  Paper.  —  Your 
correspondent  H.  W.  D.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  32.)  on  the 
subject  of  the  water-mark  in  paper,  is,  perhaps, 
not  aware  that,  within  the  last  few  years,  the  will 
of  a  lady  was  set  aside  by  the  heir-at-law,  her 
brother,  on  account  of  the  water-mark,  she  having 
imprudently,  as  it  was  surmised,  made  a  fairer 
copy  of  her  will  on  paper  of  a  later  date.  The 
case  will  be  in  the  recollection  of  the  parties  em- 
ployed in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Prerogative 
Court.  L. 


MR.  P.  CTJNNINGHAME. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  communicate 
information  respecting  a  Mr.  P.  Cunninghame,  who 
was  employed  in  the  Heralds'  Office  in  the  years 
1768-69,  and  who  appears  to  have  left  his  situation 
there  in  order  to  enter  the  church  ?  Mr.  Cun- 
ninghame, from  a  MS.  volume  of  his  letters  now 
before  me,  had  friends  and  correspondents  of  the 
names  of  Towne,  Dehane,  Welsh,  Cockell,  Bawd- 
wen,  Wainman,  Haggard,  Hammond,  Neve,  Ga- 
thorne,  Lines,  Connor,  &c.,  and  relations  of  his 
own  name  resided  at  Deal.  One  of  his  letters  is 
addressed  to  his  cousin,  Captain  George  Cun- 
ninghame, General  Marjoribanks'  regiment,  in 
garrison  at  Tournay,  Flanders. 

Two  gentlemen  of  the  names  of  Bigland  and 
Heard  (probably  Sir  Isaac  Heard,  who  died  a  few 
years  since  at  a  very  advanced  age)  were  his  su- 
periors in  the  Heralds'  Office  at  the  time  of  his 
being  there.  A  former  possessor  of  this  MS.  vo- 
lume has  written  in  it  as  follows ;  and  so  warm  a 
tribute  of  praise  from  a  distinguished  scholar  and 
late  member  of  this  university,  has  induced  me  to 
send  you  his  remarks,  and  to  make  the  inquiry 
suggested  by  them. 

"  I  esteem  myself  fortunate  in  having  purchased  this 
volume  of  letters,  which  I  met  with  in  the  shop  of 
Mr.  Robins,  bookseller,  at  Winchester,  in  January, 
1808.  They  do  credit  to  the  head  and  the  heart  of 
the  author.  He  seems  to  have  been  a  man  whose 
imagination  was  lively,  and  whose  mind  was  capacious, 
as  well  as  comprehensive.  His  remarks  on  different 


subjects  betray  reading  and  reflection.  His  mental 
powers,  naturally  vigorous,  he  appears  to  have  culti- 
vated and  improved  by  as  much  reading  as  his  employ- 
ments and  his  agitation  of  mind  would  allow.  I  wish 
that  he  had  committed  to  this  volume  some  specimens 
of  his  poetry,  as  it  would  have  been  more  than  me- 
chanical, or  partaking  of  common-place,  for  he  writes 
in  a  style  at  once  vigorous,  lively,  and  elegant,  and 
gives  proofs  of  a  correct  taste.  He  had  a  manly  spirit 
of  independence,  a  generous  principle  of  benevolence, 
and  a  prevailing  habit  of  piety.  The  first  of  these 
qualifications  did  not  in  him  (as  it  is  too  frequently  apt 
to  do)  overleap  the  bounds  of  prudence,  or  the  still 
more  binding  ties  of  duty,  as  is  exemplified  in  the  ex- 
cellent letters  to  his  father,  and  Mr.  Dehane.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  that  he  entered  into  that  profession  from 
which  he  was  so  long  and  so  perversely  excluded;  a 
profession  suited  to  his  genius  and  inclination,  which 
would  open  an  ample  field  for  his  benevolence,  and 
which  would  receive  additional  lustre  from  the  example 
of  so  much  virtue  and  so  much  industry  exerted  in  the 
cause  of  truth.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  he  gained  that 
competence  and  retirement  to  which  the  wishes  of  the 
interested  reader  must  follow  him,  regretting  that  he 
knows  not  more  of  a  man,  who,  from  those  amiable 
dispositions  and  those  eminent  talents,  pourtrayed  in 
this  correspondence,  would  indeed  — 

'  Allure  to  brighter  worlds,  and  lead  the  way.' 

R.  F." 

J.  MACRAY. 
Oxford. 


WAS    SHAKSPEARE    DESCENDED    FROM    A   LANDED 
PROPRIETOR  ? 

MR.  KNIGHT  has  on  two  occasions,  the  latter  in 
his  Stratford  Shakspeare  just  published,  called  at- 
tention to  what  he  concludes  is  an  oversight  of 
mine  in  not  drawing  any  conclusion  from  a  deed 
in  which  certain  lands  are  mentioned  as  "  hereto- 
fore the  inheritance  of  William  Shakspeare,  Gent., 
deceased."  These  words  are  supposed  by  MR. 
KNIGHT  to  imply  that  the  lands  in  question  came 
to  Shakspeare  by  descent,  as  heir-at-law  of  his 
father.  This  opinion  appeared  to  me  to  be  some- 
what a  hasty  one :  believing  that  no  conclusion 
whatever  is  to  be  drawn  from  the  phrase  as  there 
used,  and  relying  on  the  ordinary  definition  of  in- 
heritance in  the  old  works  on  law,  I  did  not  hesi- 
tate, some  time  since,  to  declare  a  conviction  that 
the  lands  so  mentioned  were  bought  by  Shak- 
speare himself.  As  the  question  is  of  some  im- 
portance in  the  inquiry  respecting  the  position  of 
the  poet's  ancestry,  perhaps  one  of  your  legal 
readers  would  kindly  decide  which  of  us  is  in  the 
right.  I  possess  an  useful  collection  of  old  law- 
books,  but  there  are  few  subjects  in  which  error  is 
so  easily  committed  by  unprofessional  readers.  In 
the  present  instance,  however,  if  plain  words  are 
to  be  relied  upon,  it  seems  certain  that  the  term 
inheritance  was  applied,  to  use  Cowell's  words,  to 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


"  every  fee  simple  or  fee  taile  that  a  man  hatli  by 
his  purchase."     (See  The  Interpreter,  1637.) 

J.  O.  HALUWELL. 


ffttturr 

"  To  try  and  get''1  —  The  word  and  is  often  used 
instead  of  to  after  the  verb  to  try :  thus,  in  Moore's 
Journal  (June  7,  1819),  "Went  to  the  theatre  to 
try  and  get  a  dress."  What  is  the  origin  of  this 
erroneous  mode  of  expression  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Fleet  Prison.  —  Where  can  a  list  of  the  officers 
of  the  Fleet  Prison,  especially  the  under  officers, 
and  more  especially  the  tipstaffs,  A.D.  1696,  and 
shortly  previously  and  subsequently,  be  seen  ? 

J.  K. 

Colonel  St.  Leger.  —  Where  can  I  find  an  ac- 
count of  the  celebrated  Colonel  St.  Leger,  the 
friend  and  associate  of  George  IV.  when  Prince  of 
Wales?  In  what  year  did  he  die?  What  age 
was  he  when  his  picture,  now  in  Hampton  Court, 
was  painted  by  Gainsborough  ?  W.  P.  M. 

Dublin. 

Lords'  Descents. — Is  a  MS.  collection  of  Lords' 
Descents,  by  Thomas  Maisterson,  Esq.,  made  about 
the  year  1705,  now  extant  ?  T.  P.  L. 

Reverend  Robert  Hall.  —  Who  was  Robert 
Hall,  a  preacher  of  some  celebrity  in  the  time  of 
James  II.  ?  P.  P.  P. 

"Lydia,  or  Conversion." — Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents inform  me  who  is  the  author  of  the  follow- 
ing excellent  drama,  published  nearly  twenty  years 
since  :  —  Lydia,  or  Conversion ;  a  Sacred  Drama, 
inscribed  to  the  Jews  by  a  Clergyman  of  the  Church 
of  England:  London,  8vo.,  1835,  published  by 
itivingtons,  and  Hatchard  &  Son  ?  A.  Z. 

Personal  Descriptions.  —  Is  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
description  of  Saladin  taken  from  any  ancient 
writer,  or  is  it  a  fancy  sketch  ?  If  the  latter,  I 
think  he  has  fallen  into  error  by  describing  in 
Saladin  the  features  of  a  civilised  Arab,  rather 
than  the  very  peculiar  and  unmistakeable  charac- 
teristics of  the  Koordish  frace. 

In  a  novel  now  publishing  in  Ainsiuorfli  s  Maga- 
zine, styled  the  "  Days  of  Margaret  of  Parma," 
the  celebrated  Duke  of  Alva  is  described  as  a 
very  tall  man.  I  have  never  seen  a  portrait  or 
read  a  description  of  his  person,  but  had  formed 
a  very  different  idea  of  it  from  the  circumstance 
that  Count  Tilly,  who  was  certainly  a  short  man, 
was  said  to  be  a  striking  counterpart  of  him  in 
face,  figure,  and  dress,  a  resemblance  which  added 
not  a  little  to  the  terror  and  aversion  with  which 


'Tilly  was  regarded  by  the  Protestants  of  Ger- 
many. Can  any  of  your  correspondents  refer  me 
to  a  description  of  A'lva?  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

"  One  while  I  think"  ^c.  — Whence  are  the  fol- 
lowing lines  : 

"  One  while  I  think,  and  then  I  am  in  pain, 
To  think,  how  to  unthink  that  thought  again." 

W.  M.  M. 

Lord  Bacon. — Has  the  very  discreditable  at- 
tack made  on  the  moral  character  of  the  great 
Lord  Chancellor  Bacon,  by  his  cotemporary  Sir 
Simon  D'Ewes,  and  related  by  Hearne  the  his- 
torian at  the  end  of  his  Life  and  Reign  of  King* 
Richard  II.,  been  investigated,  and  either  esta- 
blished or  disproved  by  later  historians  ? 

CESTRIENSIS. 

Society  for  burning  the  Dead.  —  Wanted  in- 
formation as  to  the  "  Society  for  burning  the 
Dead,"  which  existed  a  few  years  ago  in  London. 
A  reference  to  any  reports  or  papers  of  them 
would  oblige  D.  L. 

Cui  Bono.  —  What  is  the  true  rendering  of  the 
Latin  phrase  Cui  Bono  ?  Most  text-books  say  it 
means  "  For  wthat  good  ?  "  or,  "  What  use  was 
it  ?  "  But  Francis  Newman,  in  p.  316.  of  Hebrew 
Monarchy,  says  it  means  "  who  gained  by  (the 
crime),"  and  quotes  Cicero  pro  Milone,  xii.  §  32., 
in  favour  of  his  meaning.  T.  R. 

Dublin. 

The  Stock  Horn.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  or 
friends  tell  me  where  I  can  see  a  specimen  of  the 
musical  instrument  called  the  "Stock  Horn?" 
Or  any  musical  instrument  of  primitive  form, 
similar  to  that  which  Wilkie  has  represented  in  a 
subject  from  the  "  Gentle  Shepherd,"  entitled 
"  Roger  and  Jenny."  It  seems  to  be  a  kind  of 
hautboy,  or  oboe,  and  often  appears  in  musical 
devices  of  the  last  century,  especially  by  Scotch 
printers.  J.  GORDON  SMITH, 

Lady  Harington. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  the  pedigree  of  the  late  Lady  Harington, 
mother  of  the  lamented  Principal  of  Brasenose 
Coll.  Oxford  ?  The  writer  of  this,  who  was  dis- 
tantly related  to  her,  recollects,  though  very 
young,  being  struck  with  her  beauty  when  he  saw 
her  in  1787.  One  of  her  brothers  died  in  India; 
and  another  was  curate  of  the  lower  church  in 
Guildford  in  1806 ;  he  was  probably  Thomas 
Philpot,  of  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  M.A.  in  1798. 
Her  mother  was  daughter  or  granddaughter  of 
the  celebrated  mathematician  Abraham  de  Moivre, 
and  had  a  sister,  or  aunt,  housekeeper  of  Windsor 
Castle.  Her  mother,  the  writer  believes,  was  re- 
lated to  the  Gomms,  a  branch  of  the  family  de- 
scended from  Eustache  de  St.  Pierre.  ANAT. 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


Descendants  of  Sir  M.  Hale.-A.YC  there  any  of 
the  descendants  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  the  famous 
judge  of  the  seventeenth  century,  living  either  in 
England  or  Ireland  ?  W.  A. 

A  Query  for  the  City  Commission.  —  In  the 
London  Gazette  of  January  23,  1684-5,  we  read 
that  King  Charles  II.  sent  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  in 
a  silver  box  sealed  up  with  his  majesty's  seal,  the 
receipts  of  the  several  cements  used  by  the  pa- 
tentees for  making  sea- water  fresh  ;  as  also  the 
receipt  of  their  metallic  composition  and  ingre- 
dients, certified  under  the  hand  of  the  Hon.  Robert 
Boyle,  to  be  kept  so  sealed  up  by  the  present  and 
succeeding  lord  mayors,  lest  a  secret  of  so  great 
importance  to  the  public  might  come  to  be  lost,  if 
lodged  only  in  the  knowledge  of  a  few  persons 
therein  concerned. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  commissioners  who 
are  now  engaged  in  investigating  the  affairs  of 
the  Corporation  of  London,  will  not  fail  in  making 
inquiry  of  the  present  Lord  Mayor  after  this  silver 
box,  committed  so  carefully  to  City  preservation. 

H.E. 

Cross-legged  Monumental  Figures.  —  Are  any 
instances  of  the  cross-legged  figures,  so  common 
in  England,  to  be  seen  in  the  churches  of  France, 
Italy,  or  Spain  ?  and  if  so,  where  may  engravings 
of  them  be  found  ?  J.  Y. 

Muffins  and  Crumpets.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  the  origin  of  the  names  "  muffins 
and  crumpets,"  and  by  whom  and  when  intro- 
duced at  the  English  breakfast-table  ? 

OLD  FOGIE. 

Athenaeum. 


to  iff) 

"Behemoth" — Does  any  one  know  a  book  called 
Behemoth,  an  Epitome  of  the  Civil  Wars  from 
1640/01660?  G.W.B. 

[This  was  the  last  work  written  by  the  celebrated 
Thomas  Hobbes  of  Malmsbury.  "  This  history  is  in 
dialogue,"  remarks  Bishop  Warburton,  "and  full  of 
paradoxes,  like  all  Hobbes' other  writings.  More  phi- 
losophical, political— or  anything  rather  than  historical ; 
yet  full  of  ^  shrewd  observations."  The  editions  are, 
1679,  8vo.;  1G80,  12mo.  ;  1682,  8vo.] 

"  Deus  ex  Machina."  —  From  what  author  is 
the  phrase  "  Deus  ex  machina"  taken?  and  what 
was  its  original  application  ?  T.  R. 

Dublin. 

["  Deus  ex  machina, "  was  originally  a  Greek  pro- 
verb, and  used  to  denote  any  extraordinary,  unex- 
pected, or  improbable  event.  It  arose  from  the  cus- 
tom or  stage-trickery  of  the  ancient  tragedians,  who, 
to  produce  uncommon  effect  on  the  audience,  intro- 
duced a  deity  on  special  occasions  :  — "Eirl  TUV  irapa- 


§6&v  KOI  Trapa\6j(oi',  "  it  is  spoken  of  marvellous  and 
surprising  occurrences,"  as  the  German  commentator, 
F.  Smeider,  thus  explains  the  words  of  the  passage  in. 
which  the  adage  is  to  be  found,  viz.  Lucian's  Hermo- 
timus,  sub  finem.  The  words  are,  -rb  rui>  rpay^wv 
TOVTO,  ©ebs  e/c  fjajxavris  eirityaveis.  To  this  custom  Ho- 
race alludes  in  his  Ars  Poetica,  1.  191.  : 

«'  Nee  Deus  intersit,  nisi  dignus  vindice  nodus 
Incident." 

Conf.  Gesneri  Thesaurus,  in  Machina.] 

Wheelbarrows.  —  Who  invented  the  wheel- 
barrow ?  It  is  ascribed  to  Pascal.  ALPHA. 

[Fosbroke  seems  to  have  investigated  the  origin  of 
this  useful  article.  He  says,  "  Notwithstanding  Mont- 
faucon,  it  is  not  certain  that  the  ancients  were  ac- 
quainted with  the  wheelbarrow.  Hyginus,  indeed, 
mentions  a  single-wheeled  carriage,  but  it  may  apply 
to  a  vehicle  of  conveyance.  Some  modern  writers 
ascribe  the  invention  to  Pascal,  the  famous  geometer. 
The  one- wheeled  carriage  alluded  to  was,  perhaps,  the 
Pabo  of  Isidore.  As  to  the  invention  by  Pascal,  we 
find  berewe,  a  barrow,  rendered  by  Lye,  a  versatile  ve- 
hicle ;  but  if  more  than  the  hand-barrow  had  been 
meant,  the  addition  of  wheel  would  perhaps  have  been 
made  to  the  world."  —  Encyclopaedia  of  Antiquities, 
vol.  i.  p.  349.] 

Persons  alluded  to  by  Hooher.  — Who  was  the 
ancient  philosopher  to  whom  Hooker  alludes  in 
Eccles.  Polity,  b.  in.  ch.  xi.  (iii.)  ?  and  the  Puritan 
champion  of  the  Church  Service,  cited  b.  v. 
ch.  xxvii.  (1.)  ?  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. , 

[The  ancient  philosopher  is  Philemon :  see  the 
passage  quoted  by  the  Rev.  John  Keble,  edit.  Hooker, 
1836,  vol.  i.  p.  496.,  from  Fragm.  Incert.,  xliii.,  ed.  Cler. 
The  Puritan  champion  is  Edward  Dering  :  see  his 
work  against  Harding,  entitled  A  Spariny  Restraint  of 
many  lavish  Untruths,  fyc.,  4to.  1568.] 


LONGFELLOW'S  ORIGINALITY. 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  583.) 

J.  C.  B.  has  noticed  "  the  similarity  of  thought, 
and  even  sometimes  of  expression,"  between  "  The 
Reaper  and  the  Flowers  "  of  this  popular  writer, 
and  a  song  by  Luise  Reichardt.  But  a  far  more 
extraordinary  similarity  than  this  exists  between 
Mr.  Longfellow's  translation  of  a  certain  Anglo- 
Saxon  metrical  fragment,  entitled  "  The  Grave  " 
(Tegg's  edit,  in  London  Domestic  Library,  p.  283.) 
and  the  literal  translation  of  the  same  piece  by 
the  Rev.  J.  J.  Conybeare,  transcribed  by  Sharon 
Turner  in  Hist.  Aug.  Sax.,  8vo.  edit.  1823,  vol.  iii. 
p.  326.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  verbal 
alterations,  indeed,  which  render  the  fact  of  the 
plagiarism  the  more  glaring,  the  two  translations 
are  identical.  I  place  a  few  of  the  opening  and 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  222. 


concluding  lines  of  each  side  by  side,  and  would 
ask  if  the  American  poet  has  the  slightest  claim  to 
the  authorship  of  that  version,  to  which  he  has 
affixed  the  sanction  of  his  name. 

Conybeare's  Translation. 

"  For  thee  was  a  house  built 

Ere  thou  wert  born, 

For  thee  was  a  mould  shapen 

Ere  thou  of  mother  earnest. 
"  Who  shall  ever  open 

For  thee  the  door 

And  seek  thee, 

For  soon  thou  becomest  loathly, 

And  hateful  to  look  upon." 

Longfelhiv''s  Translation. 

"  For  thee  was  a  house  built 
Ere  thou  wast  born, 
For  thee  was  a  mould  meant 
Ere  thou  of  mother  earnest. 

"  Who  will  ever  open 
The  door  for  thee 
And  descend  after  thee, 
For  soon  thou  art  loathsome, 
And  hateful  to  see." 

WM.  MATTHEWS. 
Cowgill. 


QUEEN   ELIZABETH   AND    QUEEN   ANNE  S    MOTTO. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  174.  255.  440.) 

I  was  not  aware  that  the  Query  at  page  174. 
was  not  fully  answered  by  me  in  page  255.,  but 
the  following  may  be  more  satisfactory. 

Camden,  in  his  Life  of  Queen  Elizabeth  (Annals 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  p.  32.),  says  her  first  and 
chiefest  care  was  for  the  most  constant  defence  of 
the  Protestant  religion  as  established  by  the  au- 
thority of  parliament.  "  Her  second  care  to  hold 
an  even  course  in  her  whole  life  and  in  all  her 
actions,  whereupon  she  took  for  her  motto  (1559), 
Semper  eadem  (Always  the  same)." 

In  his  Remains  (p.  347.  4to.  1637),  Camden 
says,  "Queen  Elizabeth  upon  occasions  used  so 
many  heroical  devices  as  would  require  a  volume  : 
but  most  commonly  a  sive  without  a  motte  for 
her  words  Video,  Taceo,  and  Semper  eadem,  which 
she  as  truly  and  constantly  performed." 

Sandford  is  silent  as  to  her  motto. 

Leake  says  this  motto,  Semper  eadem,  was  only 
a  personal  motto ;  as  queen,  the  old  motto,  Dieu  et 
mon  Droit,  was  used,  and  is  so  given  in  Segar's 
Honour,  Military  and  Civil,  dedicated  to  her  ma- 
jesty in  1602,  and  which  is  also  on  her  tomb.  In 
some  churches  where  there  are  arms  put  up  to 
her  memory,  it  is  probable  the  motto  Semper 
eadem  may  sometimes  have  been  seen  as  being  a 
personal  motto  to  distinguish  it  from  her  brothers. 
Queen  Anne,  before  the  union  with  Scotland,  bore 


the  same  arms,  crest,  and  supporters  as  her  father 
King  James  II.,  but  discontinued  the  use  of  the 
old  motto,  Dieu  et  mon  Droit,  and  instead  thereof 
used  Semper  eadem.  The  motto  ascribed  to  Queen 
Elizabeth  she  took  for  the  same  reason  to  express 
her  constancy  ;  but  this,  which  was  personal  as  to 
Queen  Elizabeth,  was  then  made  the  motto  of  the 
royal  achievement,  and  seems  the  first  instance 
of  discontinuing  the  old  motto  of  Dieu  et  mon 
Droit,  from  the  first  assumption  of  it  by  King 
Edward  III. ;  for  as  to  the  different  ones  attri- 
buted to  Queen  Mary,  Queen  Elizabeth,  and 
King  James  L,  they  were  personal  only. 

The  motto  is  indeed  no  part  of  the  arms  but 
personal,  and  therefore  is  frequently  varied  ac- 
cording to  the  fancy  of  the  bearer  ;  nevertheless, 
when  particular  mottoes  have  been  taken  to  per- 
petuate the  memory  of  great  events,  either  in 
families  or  kingdoms,  and  have  been  established 
by  long  usage,  such  should  be  esteemed  as  family 
or  national  mottoes,  and  it  is  honourable  to  con- 
tinue them. 

In  1702  (Gazette,  No.  3874)  Queen  Anne  com- 
manded the  Earl  Marshal  to  signify  her  pleasure 
that  wheresoever  her  royal  arms  were  to  be  used 
with  a  motto,  that  of  Semper  eadem  should  be 
used ;  and  upomthe  union  with  Scotland  in  1707, 
by  her  order  in  council  it  was  ordered  to  be  con- 
tinued. 

King  George  I.,  upon  his  accession,  thought 
proper  to  discontinue  it,  and  restored  the  old 
motto,  Dieu  et  mon  Droit.  G. 


BOOKS  BURNT  BY  THE  COMMON  HANGMAN. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  272.  346.) 

The  Histoires  of  Theodore  Agrippa  d'Aubigne 
were  condemned,  by  an  arret  of  the  parliament  of 
Paris,  to  be  burnt  by  the  common  hangman.  The 
charge  against  the  works  was,  that  D'Aubigne  had 
spoken  too  freely  "of  princes ;  and  it  may  be  added, 
too  freely  also  of  the  Jesuits,  which  was  probably 
the  greatest  crime.  D'Aubigne  said  upon  the  oc- 
casion, that  he  could  not  be  offended  at  the  treat- 
ment given  to  his  book,  after  having  seen  the  Holy 
Bible  ignominiously  hanged  upon  a  gibbet  (for 
thus  some  fiery  zealots  used  the  Bible  which  they 
had  taken  from  the  Huguenots,  to  show  their  pious 
hatred  to  all  translations  of  that  book  into  their 
native  tongue),  and  fourscore  thousand  innocent 
persons  massacred  without  provocation. 

The  Histoire  of  James  Augustus  de  Thou  (a 
Roman  Catholic,  though  a  moderate  one)  met 
with  the  same  fate  at  Rome  that  D'Aubigne's  had 
at  Paris,  and  it  was  even  debated  in  council 
whether  the  like  sentence  should  not  pass  against 
it  in  France.  D'Aubigne,  however,  spoke  strongly 
in  its  favour,  affirming  that  no  Frenchman  had 
ever  before  given  such  evident  proofs  of  solid 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


judgment  and  steady  application,  qualities  not 
generally  allowed  to  be  the  characteristic  of  the 
nation.  (Scott's  Life  of  Theodore  Agrippa  $Au- 
ligne,  p.  419.) 

In  1762  the  Emilie  of  Jean  Jacques  Kousseau 
was  burnt  at  Geneva  by  the  common  hangman. 
Le  Contrat  Social  had  soon  afterwards  the  same 
fate.  (Biographie  Universelle,  article  "  J.  J.  Rous- 
seau.") 

On  June  17th,  1553,  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
edition  of  the  De  Cmstianismi  llestitutione  of 
Servetus,  which  had  been  seized  at  Lyons,  was 
cast  into  the  flames,  and  Servetus  burnt,  in  effigy 
at  Vienne  in  Dauphine.  (Biographie  Universelle, 
art.  "  Servetus.") 

In  1538  the  English  Bible,  printed  by  Grafton 
at  Paris,  was  (with  the  exception  of  a  few  copies) 
burnt  by  the  order  of  the  Inquisition.  During 
the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  (observes  Mr.  D'ls- 
raeli  in  Amenities  of  Literature,  vol.  iii.  p.  358.), 
the  Bishop  of  Durham  had  all  the  unsold  copies 
of  Tindal's  Testament  bought  up  at  Antwerp  and 
burnt.  In  this  age  of  unsettled  opinions,  both 
Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  books  were  burnt. 
In  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  Roman  Catholic  works 
fed  the  flames. 

"  All  red-lettered  illuminated  volumes  were  chopped 
in  pieces  with  hatchets,  and  burned  as  superstitious. 
The  works  of  Peter  Lombard,  Duns  Scotus,  and 
Thomas  Aquinas,  carried  on  biers,  were  tumbled  into 
bonfires.  In  the  reign  of  Mary  pyramids  of  Protestant 
volumes  were  burnt.  All  the  Bibles  in  English,  and 
all  the  commentators  upon  the  Bible  in  the  vernacular 
idiom  (which  we  are  told  from  their  number  seemed 
almost  infinite),  were  cast  into  the  flames  at  the 
market-place,  Oxford."  —  D'Israeli's  Amenities  of  Lite- 
rature, vol.  ii.  pp.  164,  165. 

In  Strype's  Memorials  (3rd  part,  2nd  ed.,  p. 
130.)  is  a  proclamation  of  Philip  and  Mary,  "  that 
whoever  finds  books  of  heresy  and  sedition,  and 
does  not  forthwith  burn  the  same,  shall  be  executed 
for  a  rebel" 

The  Stationers'  Company  (who  were  granted 
a  charter  of  incorporation  during  the  reign  of 
Philip  and  Mary)  had  power  to  seize,  take  away, 
and  burn  books  which  they  deemed  obnoxious  to 
the  state  or  to  their  own  interests. 

"  When  Elizabeth  was  upon  the  throne,  political 
pamphlets  fed  the  flames,  and  libels  in  the  reign  of 
James  I.  and  his  son."  —  D'Israeli's  Curiosities  of  Li- 
terature, "  Licensers  of  the  Press." 


"  In  the  first  year  of  the  reign  of  King  William  III., 
A.D.  1688,  a  grand  auto-da-fe  was  performed  by  the 
University  of  Oxford  on  certain  political  works. 
Baxter's  Holy  Commonwealth  was  amongst  those  con- 
demned to  the  flames." — D'Israeli's  Amenities  of 
Literature,  vol.  iii.  p.  325. 

Perhaps  some  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may 
furnish  other  instances  of  books  burnt.  L.  A. 


STONE    PULPITS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  562.) 

To  MR.  KERSLEY'S  list  I  can  add,  from  my  own 
county,  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Cirencester, 
used ;  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  Northleach,  used ; 
Staunton,  All  Saints,  in  the  Hundred  of  St. 
Briavell's,  Dean  Forest,  not  used. 

The  last  has  a  curious  double  arrangement  in 
two  storeys,  like  a  modern  reading-desk  and  pul- 
pit, projecting  west  from  the  north  side  of  the 
chancel  arch,  or  rather  (if  I  recollect  rightly,  for 
I  took  no  notes  on  visiting  the  church)  of  the 
west  tower  arch,  and  to  both  which  there  is 
access  from  the  newel  leading  to  the  ancient  rood- 
loft. 

To  the  above  might  be  added  those  of  Coombe, 
Oxon  ;  Frampton,  Dorset ;  and  Trinity  Church, 
Coventry :  and  if  any  other  than  those  in  churches, 
the  angular  one  in  the  entrance  court  in  Magda- 
lene College,  Oxford,  from  which,  formerly,  the 
University  Sermon  used  to  be  preached  on  the 
festival  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  when  the  court 
was  strewed  with  rushes  for  the  occasion  (vide 
Glossary  of  Architecture,  in  verb.)  ;  that  in  the 
refectory  of  Tinterne  Abbey,  Monmouthshire ; 
and  the  well-known  exquisite  specimen  of  the 
later  First  Pointed  period,  occupying  a  similar 
locality  in  the  Abbey  of  Beaulieu,  Hants,  so  ela- 
borately illustrated  by  Mr.  Carter  in  Weale's 
Quarterly  Papers.  BROOKTHORPE. 

A  collection  of  English  examples  alone  would 
make  a  long  list.  Besides  the  well-known  one 
(A.D.  1480)  in  the  outer  court  of  Magdalene  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  the  following  are  noted  in  the  last 
edition  of  the  Oxford  Glossary,  viz. :  —  Beaulieu, 
Hants  (A.  n.  1260)  ;  Beverley ;  Chester  ;  Abbey 
Garden,  Shrewsbury:  these  are  in  refectories  of 
monasteries.  In  churches  —  at  Cirencester ; 
Coombe,  Oxon  (circa  A.  D.  1370) ;  Frampton, 
Dorset  (circa  A.D.  1450)  ;  Trinity  Church,  Co- 
ventry (circa  A.D.  1470)  :  the  latter  appears  from 
the  cut  to  be  stone. 

In  the  second  edition  of  the  Glossary  is  also 
St.  Peter's,  Oxon  (circa  1400). 

Devonshire  abounds  in  good  samples :  see 
Trans,  of  Exeter  Architectural  Society,  vol.  i.,  at 
table  of  plates,  and  the  engraved  plates  of  three 
very  rich  specimens,  viz.  Harberton,  Chittlehamp- 
ton,  North  Molton,  each  of  which  is  encircled  by 
canopied  niches  with  statues. 

At  North  Petherton,  in  Somersetshire,  is  a 
curious  grotesque  human  figure  of  stone,  crouched 
on  the  floor,  supporting  the  pulpit  (which  is  of 
wood,  as  I  think)  upon  his  shoulders,  Atlas-like. 

J.  J.  R. 

Temple. 

MR.  KERSLEY  desires  a  list  of  ancient  stone  pul- 
pits. I  can  give  him  the  following,  but  cannot 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


describe  their  positions,  nor  certify  which  of  them 
are  still  used: — Bedfordshire,  St.  Paul's,  Bed- 
ford ;  Cheshire,  Nantwich ;  Cornwall,  Egloshayle ; 
Devonshire,  Chittlehampton,  Harberton,  Totnes, 
South  Wooton  ;  Dorsetshire,  Frampton ;  Glou- 
cestershire, North  Cerney,  Cirencester,  Cold  Ash- 
ton,  Northleach,  Pitchcomb,  Winchcorab,  Glou- 
cester Cathedral ;  Hampshire,  Beaulieu  Abbey 
(fine  Early  Decorated),  Shorwell,  Isle  of  Wight ; 
Oxfordshire,  Coombe  (1395),  Oxford,  Magdalene 
College  (1480),  Oxford,  St.  Peter's;  Somerset- 
shire, Chedder,  Kew  Stoke,  Nailsea,  Stogumber, 
Wrington ;  Sussex,  Clymping ;  Warwickshire, 
Coventry,  Trinity  Church ;  Worcestershire,  Wor- 
cester Cathedral.  C.  R.  M. 

The  Glossary  of  Architecture  supplies  the  fol- 
lowing examples: — Beaulieu,  Hampshire,  c.  1260 
(plate  166.),  in  the  refectory;  Combe,  Oxford- 
shire, c.  1370  (plate  166.)  ;  Magdalene  College, 
Oxford,  c.  1480  (plate  166.),  in  the  outer  court ; 
Frampton,  Dorset,  c.  1450  (plate  167.);  Holy 
Trinity,  Coventry,  c.  1500  (plate  167.),  restored 
by  Mr.  Rickman. 

Are,  or  were,  the  pulpits  in  the  refectories  of 
"the  monasteries  of  Beverley,  Shrewsbury,  and 
Chester,  referred  to  in  the  Glossary  sub  voc.  PUL- 
PIT, of  stone  ?  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 

There  are  ancient  stone  pulpits  still  existing  at 
Beaulieu  Abbey  Church,  now  in  use,  A.D.  1260  ; 
Wells  Cathedral,  in  the  nave,  A.D.  1547;  Magdalene 
College,  Oxford,  A.D.  1480,  in  the  south-east  angle 
of  the  first  court,  formerly  used  at  the  Univer- 
sity Sermon  on  St.  John  Baptist's  Day;  Combe 
Church,  Oxon.,  Perp.  style  :  Frampton  Church, 
Dorset,  A.D.  1450;  Trinity  Church,  Coventry, 
A.D.  1500.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

To  the  list  may  be  added  that  of  Holy  Trinity 
Church,  Coventry,  which  is  a  very  fine  specimen, 
and  furnished  with  bracket  for  the  book.  It  ad- 
joins the  south  aisle  piers,  and  is  in  use. 

G.  E.  T.  S.  R.  N. 


ANTIQUITY    OF   FIRE-IRONS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  587.) 

The  Invention  of  these  domestic  instruments, 
called  "  tongs,  fireshovels,  and  prongs  "  by  Sir 
T.  Browne,  dates  from  a  v^ry  early  period.  The 
"shovel"  is  the  A.-S.  fyr-sceofl.  Lye  refers  to 
"  the  fire-sholve  "  of  the  sixteenth  century,  which 
he  tells  us  was  "  made  like  a  grate  to  sift  the  sea- 
cole  with,"  exactly  as  we  see  it  constructed  now. 
(See  Gage's  Hengrave,  p.  23.)  The  "  poker"  (see 
Du  Cange,  v.  Titionarium)  is  mentioned  by  Johan. 
de  Janua  in  the  thirteenth  century.  It  had 
formerly  two  massive  prongs,  and  was  commonly 
called  the  "  fire-fork."  There  is  a  poker  of  this 
description,  temp.  Hen.  VIII.,  in  Windsor  Castle, 


which  is  figured  in  Britton's  Arcldt.  Antiq.,  vol.  ii. 
p.  99.  (See  also  Strutt's  Horda  Angelcynn,  vol.  ii. 
pp.  62.  64.,  and  Fosbrooke's  Encyc.  Antiq.,  pp.264. 
305.  340.)  The  "  tongs,"  A.-S.  fyr-tang  (see  Du 
Cange,  v.  Tenalea,  Tenales,  Tenecula),  with  which 
Swift  mischievously  directs  us  to  stir  the  fire  "  if 
the  poker  be  out  of  the  way,"  are  of  the  remotest 
antiquity.  They  are  frequently  spoken  of  in  the 
sacred  records,  as  by  Isaiah,  vi.  6. ;  and  we  all 
know  to  what  purpose  a  similar  weapon  was  ap- 
plied by  holy  St.  Dunstan.  In  fact,  they  are 
doubtless  coeval  with  fires  themselves.  The  word 
"  tongs  "  is  the  old  Icelandic,  Norraena,  or  Donsk- 
tunga,  taung,  pi.  tdngir,  the  Dan.  tang,  Scot,  and 
Belg.  tangs,  taings,  Belg.  tanghe,  Alem.  zanga, 
Germ,  zange,  Gall.  tenaiUe,  Ital.  tenaglia,  £c.  The 
most  ancient  of  the  mytho-cosmogonic  poems  of 
the  elder  Edda  attribute  to  this  implement  an 
origin  no  less  than  divine ;  for  in  the  Volo-spa, 
st.  vii.,  it  is  stated  that  when  the  mighty  CEsir 
assembled  on  Idavb'llr  to  regulate  the  courses  of 
the  stars,  to  take  counsel  for  the  erection  of  tem- 
ples and  palaces,  and  to  build  furnaces,  amongst 
other  tools,  by  them  also  then  fabricated,  tdngir 
scopo,  "  they  made  tongs,"  for  the  use  and  delecta- 
tion of  the  volundr  a  jam,  or  skilful  blacksmith 
(the  Weyland  smith  of  "  Kenilworth  ")  and  care- 
ful housewife  of  future  days.  WM.  MATTHEWS. 
.  Cowgill. 

ALIQUIS  will  perhaps  find  his  question  satis- 
factorily answered  by  a  visit  to  Goodrich  Court, 
Herefordshire,  where  the  late  Sir  Samuel  Meyrick, 
with  the  industry  and  exactness  which  distinguished 
that  indefatigable  antiquary,  had  arranged  a  series 
of  rooms  illustrative  of  the  domestic  habits  of  the 
twelfth,  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  fifteenth,  sixteenth, 
and  seventeenth  centuries. 

It  is  so  long  ago  since  I  saw  these  rooms  (and 
then  but  very  cursorily),  that  I  will  not  undertake 
to  say  the  series  was  complete  from  the  twelfth 
inclusive ;  and  when,  recently,  last  there,  the 
family  were  at  home,  and  nothing  but  the  armoury 
shown ;  but  from  the  evident  care  taken  of  that 
unrivalled  and  magnificent  collection  by  the  present 
proprietor,  the  series  of  appropriate  furniture, 
each  genuine  specimens  of  the  period  they  repre- 
sent, is  doubtless  preserved  intact,  though  I  un- 
derstood that  the  chambers  had  been  since  fitted 
up  more  consistently  with  the  requirements  of  the 
nineteenth  century.  BROOKTHORPE. 


ORDER    OF    ST.  JOHN   OF   JERUSALEM. 

(Vol.  vii.,  p.  407.) 

R.  L.  P.  asks  "  What  members  of  the  British 
language  were  present,  when,  in  1546,  the  English 
commander  Upton  attacked  and  defeated  the 
famous  corsair  Dra.gut  at  Tarschien,  in  Malta  ?"^ 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


81 


In  answer  to  the  above  question  I  would  beg  to 
remark,  that  in  September,  1536,  John  d'Omedes 
ascended  the  Maltese  throne  on  the  decease  of 
Didier  de  Saint  Jaille ;  and  his  reign  continued 
seventeen  years,  i.  e.  to  1553.  In  looking  through 
several  histories  of  the  order,  I  am  unable  to 
find  any  mention  made  of  a  Turkish  descent  on 
the  island  in  1546.  Had  such  an  occurrence  taken 
place,  it  doubtless  would  have  been  recorded  ;  but 
as  it  is  not,  it  would  have  been  impossible  for  the 
Commander  Upton  to  have  distinguished  himself 
in  any  such  conflict  as  your  correspondent  sup- 
poses. 

R.  L.  P.  then  asks,  «  What  members  of  it  were 
present  (that  is,  the  British  language)  when  the 
Chevalier  Repton,  Grand  Prior  of  England  in 
1551,  was  killed,  after  signally  defeating  the  Turks 
in  another  attack  on  the  island  ? " 

With  all  due  deference  I  would  beg  to  state, 
that  there  was  not  in  July,  1551,  when  Dragut 
made  an  attack  on  Malta,  any  English  knight  of 
the  name  of  Repton  ;  and  it  can  be  satisfactorily 
shown  by  the  following  extract,  that  at  the  period 
referred  to  by  R.  L.  P.,  Nicholas  Upton  was  Grand 
Prior  of  England,  and  was  not  "killed"  after  sig- 
nally defeating  the  Turks,  but  died  from  the  effects 
of  a  coup  de  soleil : 

"  L'isola  del  Gozzo  fu  presa  da  Sinam  Bassa,  a  per- 
suasione  di  Dragutte,  il  1551,  essendosi  renduto  a 
cliscrezione  F.  Galaziano  de  Sesse  Aragonese,  Governa- 
tore,  che  vi  rimase  schiavo.  Ma  poco  dopo  il  Cavaliere 
F.  Pietro  d'Olivares,  la  ristauro  da  danni  patiti  e  vi 
richiamo  nuove  famiglie  a  ripopolarla.  Sinam,  prima 
di  andare  al  Gozzo,  fece  una  discesa  in  Malta,  ma  fu 
rispinto  da  Cavaliere  :.  neUa  quale  azione  pel  molto  caldo 
sofferto,  mori  Nicolas  Vpton,  Gran  Priore  cT  Inghilterra." 
—  Vide  Codice  Dip.,  vol.  ii.  p.  573. ;  as  also  Vertot's 
History  of  the  Order,  vol.  iv.  p.  144.,  date  July,  1551. 

That  Sir  Nicholas  Upton  was  Grand  Prior  of 
England  in  1551,  is  sufficiently  shown  in  the  above 
extract ;  and  that  he  was  Commander  of  Repton, 
or  Ripston,  will  be  as  readily  seen  by  the  follow- 
ing lines  translated  from  the  Latin,  and  to  be 
found  in  a  book  of  manuscripts  of  the  years  1547, 
1548,  1549,  now  in  the  Record  Office.  (Vide  Lib. 
Bull.  M.  M.  F.  J.  Homedes.) 

"  On  the  15th  November,  1547,  Nicholas  Upton  was 
appointed  by  the  Grand  Master  Omedes  Commander 
of  Ripston  in  the  language  of  England.  And  on  the 
5th  of  November,  1548,  he  was  exalted  to  the  dignity 
of  Turcopolier,  in  place  of  the  knight  Russell  de- 
ceased." 

I  am  unable  to  inform  R.  L.  P.  what  English 
knights  were  present  in  Malta  in  1551 ;  but  enough 
has  already  appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q."  to  show  that 
they  were  few  in  number,  and  poor  as  regards 
their  worldly  effects.  The  Reformation  had  de- 
stroyed the  British  language,  and  caused  the  ruin 
of  its  members.  The  first  severe  blow  against  the 


Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  was  given  by 
Henry  VIII.,  and  the  last  by  Queen  Elizabeth  in 
the  first  year  of  her  reign.  (Vide  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  viii.,  pp.  189.  193.)  WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 
La  Valetta,  Malta. 


GRAMMARS,  ETC.,    FOR    PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  8.) 

St.  Mary's  College,  Winchester  (publisher, 
D.  Nutt).  —  Novum  Florilegium  Poeticum  ;  Car- 
mina  qucedam  elegantissima  ;  De  Diis  et  Heroibus 
poeticis  libellus  ;  Homeri  Ilias  (Heyne)  et 
Odyssece ;  Interpretatio  Poikiles  Istorias ;  Ovidii 
Fasti,  librivi.;  HoiKiXr)  Iffropia;  Selectee  Histories 
ex  Ccesare,  Justino  et  Floro  ;  Notes  on  the  Diates- 
saron,  by  the  Rev.  Frederic  Wickham,  now  Second 
Master  ;  Gr&ca  Grammatices  Rudimenta,  by  Bi- 
shop Wordsworth,  late  Second  Master ;  Greek 
and  Latin  Delectus,  by  the  Rev.  H.  C.  Adams,  late 
Commoner  Tutor. 

Of  Eton  books  there  were  in  use  the  Latin  and 
Greek  Grammars  ;  Pindar's  Olympian  and  Pythian 
Odes  ;  Scriptores  Grceci  et  Romani.  A  complete 
list  of  Eton  and  Westminster  school-books  will  be 
found  in  the  London  Catalogue,  which  enrols  Vidce 
de  Arte  Poetica ;  Trapp's  Preelections  Poetica, 
and  the  Rise,  tyc.  of  Poetry  and  Fine  Arts  in  An- 
cient Rome,  as  Winchester  school-books. 

In  1512,  Winchester  and  Eton  had  a  common 
grammar.  Hugh  Lloyd,  D.C.L.,  Head  Master, 
A.D.  1580 — 1602,  wrote  Dictata  and  Phrases  Ele- 
gantiores  for  the  use  of  the  school.  William 
Herman,  M.A.,  Head  Master  of  Winchester, 
1495—1502,  and  Eton,  1489—1495,  wrote  Vul- 
garia  puerorum. 

Hugh  Robinson,  D.D.,  Head  Master,  wrote 
Prayers  and  Latin  Phrases  for  the  school.  It  is 
almost  superfluous  to  name  Bishop  Ken's  Manual 
for  Winchester  Scholars,  edited  by  Dr.  Moberly, 
the  present  excellent  Head  Master,  some  years 
since.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.  A. 

In  pursuance  of  the  hint  of  MR.  P.  H.  FISHER, 
I  will  describe  an  old  school-book  in  my  possession, 
which  is  bound  up  with  Godwyn's  Romance  His- 
torice  Anthologia.  It  contains,  l.Preces ;  2.  Gram  } 
maticalia  qucedam;  3.  Rhetorica  Irevis,  and  was 
printed  at  Oxford  in  1616  by  Joseph  Barnes. 
Though  there  is  nothing  in  the  title-page  to  in- 
dicate that  it  was  for  the  use  of  Winchester  Col- 
lege, this  sufficiently  appears  from  the  "  Thanks- 
giving for  William  of  Wiccham  "  in  the  grace  after 
dinner,  and  also  from  the  insertion  of  William  of 
Wykeham's  arms  before  the  Rhetorica  brevis.  It 
bears  abundant  marks  of  having  been  used  in  the 
school,  and  contains,  on  the  blank  pages  with 
which  it  was  furnished,  several  MS.  Wykehamical 
memoranda,  some  of  them  well  known,  and  others, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


perhaps,  the  exercises  of  the  original  owner.  All 
are  in  Latin,  except  the  following  verses,  which  I 
transcribe  : 

"  On  Queene  Anne,  Queene  of  the  Scots. 

March  with  his  winds  hath  strooke  a  cedar  tall, 
And  morning  April  weeps  the  cedar's  fall,' 
And  May  intends  noe  flowers  her  month  shall  bring, 
Since  shee  must  lose  the  flower  of  all  the  spring ; 
Thus  March's  winds  have  caused  April  showers, 
And  yet  sad  May  must  lose  her  flower  of  flowers." 

C.W.B. 


DERIVATION    OF    MAWMET, CAME. 

(VoLviii.,  pp.468.  515.) 

That  the  word  mawmet  is  a  derivation  from  the 
name  of  Mahomet,  is  rendered  exceedingly  pro- 
bable by  two  circumstances  taken  in  connexion : 
its  having  been  in  common  use  to  signify  an  idol, 
in  the  age  immediately  following  that  of  the  Cru- 
sades ;  and  the  fact,  that  in  the  public  opinion  and 
phraseology  of  that  time,  a  Saracen  and  an  idolater 
were  synonymous.  In  the  metrical  romances  of 
the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries,  Maho- 
metanism  is  described  as  "  hethenesse,"  and  Sara- 
cens as  "paynims,"  "heathens,"  and  "folks  of 
the  heathen  law."  The  objects  of  their  faith  and 
worship  were  supposed  to  be  Mahomet,  Jupiter, 
Apollo,  Pluto,  and  Termagaunt.  Thus,  in  the 
romance  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion  : 

"  They  slowe  euery  Sarezyn, 
And  toke  the  temple  of  Apolyn." — L.  4031-2. 

"  That  we  our  God  Mahoun  forsake." — L.  4395. 

"  And  made  ther  her  (their)  sacryfyse, 
To  Mahoun,  and  to  Jupiter." — L.  4423. 

"  But  to  Termagaunt  and  Mahoun, 
They  cryede  fast,  and  to  Plotoun." — L.  6421-2. 
Weber's  Metrical  Romances,  vol.  ii. 

The  editor  says : 

"  There  is  no  doubt  that  our  romance  existed  before 
the  year  1300,  as  it  is  referred  to  in  the  Chronicles  of 
Robert  de  Gloucester  and  Robert  de  Brunne." —  Vol.  i. 
Introd.,  p.  xlvi. 

In  the  same  poem,  the  word  mawmettes  is  used 
to  signify  idols  : 

"  Sarazynes  before  hym  came, 
And  asked  off  hym  Crystendame. 
Ther  wer  crystend,  as  I  find, 
More  than  fourty  thousynd. 
Kyrkes  they  made  off  Crystene  lawe, 
And  her  (their)  Mawmettes  lete  down  drawe." 

L.  5829—44. 

In  Wiclif's  translation  of  the  New  Testament 
also,  the  word  occurs  in  the  same  sense :  maw- 
metis, idolis,  and  false  goddis  being  used  indiffer- 


ently where  idola  or  simulacra  are  employed  in 
the  Latin  Yulgate  :  thus  — 

"  Fie  ghe  fro  worschipyng  of  mawmetis." 

1  Cor.  x.  14. 
"  My  litel  sones  kepe  ye  you  fro  mawmetis." 

1  John  v.  21. 

And  in  Acts  vii.  41.,  the  golden  calf  is  designated 
by  the  same  word,  in  the  singular  number  : 

"  And  thei  maden  a  calf  in  tho  daies,  and  ofFriden  a 
sacrifice  to  the  mawmet." 

In  the  first  line  of  the  quotation  last  given 
from  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion,  your  correspondent 
H.  T.  G.  will  find  an  early  instance  of  the  word 
came ;  whether  early  enough,  I  cannot  say.  In 
Wiclif  s  version,  cam,  came,  and  camen  are  the 
usual  expressions  answering  to'  "came"  in  our 
translation.  If  above  five  hundred  and  fifty  years' 
possession  does  not  give  a  word  a  good  title  to 
its  place  in  our  language,  without  a  conformity 
to  Anglo-Saxon  usage,  the  number  of  words  that 
must  fall  under  the  same  imputation  of  novelty 
and  "violent  infringement"  is  very  great  indeed. 

J.  W.  THOMAS. 

Dewsbury. 


THE    GOSLING    FAMILY. 

(Yol.vi.,  p.  510.) 

ONE  or  THE  FLOCK  asks  for  information  re- 
lative to  the  antiquity  of  the  name  and  family  of 
Gosling.  The  Norman  name  of  Gosselin  is  evi- 
dently the  same  as  that  of  Jocelyn,  the  tendency 
of  the  Norman  dialect  being  to  substitute  a  hard 
g  for  the./  or  soft  g,  as  gambe  forjambe,  guerbe  for 
gerbe.  As  a  family  name  it  is  far  from  uncommon 
in  Normandy,  and  many  of  your  antiquarian 
readers  may  recognise  it  as  the  name  of  a  pub- 
lisher at  Caen  of  works  on  the  antiquities  of  that 
province.  A  family  of  the  name  of  Gosselin  has 
been  established  for  many  centuries  in  the  island 
of  Guernsey.  William  Gocelyn  was  one  of  those 
sworn  upon  the  inquest  as  to  the  services,  customs, 
and  liberties  of  the  island,  and  the  laws  established 
by  King  John,  which  inquest  was  confirmed  by 
King  Henry  III.  in  the  year  1248.  In  the  year 
1331  an  extent  of  the  crown  revenues,  &c.  was 
made  by  order  of  Edward  III.,  and  in  this  docu- 
ment the  name  of  Richard  Gosselin  appears  as 
one  of  the  jury  of  the  parish  of  St.  Peter-Port. 

A  genealogy  of  the  Guernsey  family  of  Gosselin 
is  to  be  found  in  the  appendix  to  Berry's  history 
of  that  island,  and  it  is  there  stated  that  — 

"  The  first  on  record  in  Jersey  is  Robert  Gosselin, 
who  greatly  assisted  in  rescuing  the  castle  of  Mont 
Orgueil  from  the  French  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III., 
and  was,  for  his  gallant  services,  not  only  appointed 
governor  of  the  castle  by  that  monarch,  but  presented 
with  the  arms  since  borne  by  that  family  (viz.  Gules,  a 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


83 


chevron  between  three  crescents  ermine),  as  appears  by 
the   original   grant  under  the  great  seal  of  England, 
supposed  to  be  upon  record  in  the  Tower  of  London,  | 
or   among  the  archives  at  Winchester.      This  Robert  | 
Gosselin  some  time  after  settled  in  Guernsey,  where  j 
he  married  Magdelaine,    daughter  of  William   Mai-  j 
travers,  his  majesty's  lieutenant  in  that  island." 

On  referring  to  Burke's  Armory,  I  find  that  ! 
families  of  the   name  of  Gosselin,  Gosling,  and 
Gooseling  all  bear  arms  similar  to  those  described  j 
above,  or  but  slightly  differing,  which  affords  a 
strong  presumption  that  they  are  all  descended  ; 
from  the  same  stock.     The  arms  of  Gosselin  of  j 
Normandy  are  quite  different. 

HONORS  DE  MAREVILLE.  j 

Guernsey. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Tent  for  Collodion  Purposes.  —  Some  time  ago,  I  saw 
in  "  N.  &  Q."  a  slight  notice  of  a  tent  for  the  collodion 
process  :  I  think  it  is  called  "  Francis'  Collodion 
Tent."  Would  you,  or  some  of  your  photographic 
correspondents,  oblige  me  by  giving  a  short  description 
of  this  tent,  or  any  other  form,  so  that  I  may  be  able  to 
operate  with  collodion  in  the  open  air? 

I  am  of  an  opinion,  with  a  portable  tent,  so  that  we 
could  expose  paper  in  a  damp  state,  the  process  might 
be  done  nearly  as  quick  as  collodion.  All  that  need 
be  done  for  a  paper  negative,  would  be  to  expose  and 
develop ;  it  can  be  fixed  at  home.  But  after  being 
developed,  it  should  be  well  washed  and  dried. 

JAMES  O.  CLAZEY. 

Multiplying  Negatives  and  Collodion  on  Paper.  —  As  j 
I  am  desirous  of  printing  a  large  quantity  of  copies  of 
a  glass  negative  in  my  possession,  I  shall  be  obliged  by 
any  hints  as  to  the  best  method  of  multiplying  such 
negative,  so  as  to  guard  against  an  accident  from 
breakage. 

I  should  also  feel  obliged  for  any  hints  upon  the 
use  of  collodion  applied  to  glass,  paper  intervening  ; 
so  that  the  paper  may  be  afterwards  removed  from  the 
glass,  and  used  as  a  negative.  I  have  heard  of  much 
success  in  this  way,  but  am  at  a  loss  to  know  the  best 
mode  of  operation.  M.  N.  S. 

Photographic  Copies  of  Ancient  Manuscripts Might 

not  photography  be  well  employed  in  making  fac- 
similes of  valuable,  rare,  and  especially  of  unique 
ancient  manuscripts  ?  If  copies  of  such  manuscripts 
could  be  multiplied  at  a  moderate  price,  there  are 
many  proprietors  of  libraries  would  be  .glad  to  enrich 
them  by  what,  for  all  purposes  of  reference,  would 
answer  equally  well  with  the  originals.  A. 

[This  subject,  which  has  already  been  touched  upon 
in  our  columns,  has.  not  yet  received  the  attention  it 
deserves.  We  have  now  before  us  a  photographic  j 
copy  of  a  folio  page  of  a  MS.  of  the  fourteenth  or 
fifteenth  century,  on  which  are  inscribed  a  number  of 
charters ;  and,  although  the  copy  is  reduced  so  as  to 
be  but  about  2  inches  high  and  H  broad,  it  is  perfectly 


legible ;  and  the  whole  of  the  contractions  are  as  dis- 
tinct as  if  the  original  vellum  was  before  us.] 

Fox  Talbofs  Patents.—  Would  the  Editor  of"  N.  & 
Q."  have  the  kindness  to  inform  A.  B.  whether  a  pho- 
tograph (portrait),  taken  from  a  black  cutting  made  by 
an  amateur,  and  inserted  in  a  published  work,  would 
infringe  on  Mr.  F.  Talbot's  patent  ?  Also,  whether 
collodion  portraits  come  within  his  patent,  as  it  was 
understood  it  could  only  apply  to  the  paper  process? 
(The  cutting  would  be  taken  on  albumenised  paper.) 

A.  B.  would  also  be  glad  to  know  where  Towgood 
of  St.  Neot's  positive  paper  can  be  procured,  and  the 
price?  A.  B. 

Mr.  Fox  Talbot  having  thrown  open  the  whole  of 
his  patents, — with  the  exception  of  the  taking  of  por- 
traits for  sale,  on  which  it  is  understood  that  gentle- 
man claims  a  royalty  which  may,  in  some  cases,  be 
considered  a  prohibition,  —  I  should  be  glad  to  know 
under  which  of  Mr.  Talbot's  patents  such  royalty  can 
be  enforced,  and  when  the  patent  in  question  expires? 

H.  H. 

Antiquarian  Photographic  Society.  —  We  believe  that 
most  of  the  difficulties  which  have  stood  in  the  way  of 
the  organisation  of  this  Society  have  at  length  been 
got  over  ;  and  that  we  shall,  in  the  course  of  a  week  or 
two,  be  enabled  to  state  full  particulars  of  its  rules, 
arrangements,  &e.  Our  readers  are  aware  that  its 
main  object  is  the  interchange  of  photographs  among 
the  members ;  each  contributing  as  many  copies  of  his 
own  work  as  there  are  members  of  the  Society,  and 
receiving  in  exchange  as  many  different  photographs. 
Thus,  if  the  Society  is  limited  to  twenty-five  or  fifty 
members,  each  member  will  have  to  furnish  twenty-five 
or  fifty  copies,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  the  photograph 
he  presents  to  the  Society ;  and,  in  return,  will  receive 
one  photograph  from  each  of  his  fellow  members.  The 
difficulty,  or  rather  trouble  of  printing,  must  neces- 
sarily limit  the  number  of  members ;  and  as  a  conse- 
quence will,  we  doubt  not,  lead  to  the  formation  of 
many  similar  associations. 


ta  Minor 

"  Firm  was  their  faith"  frc.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  564. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  17.).  —  I  am  utterly  unable  to  account 
for  the  reserve  shown  by  SAXA  in  withholding  the 
name  of  Robert  Stephen  Hawker,  Vicar  of  Mor- 
wenstow,  author  of  the  beautiful  volume  of  poems 
entitled  Echoes  from  Old  Cornwall :  especially  as 
the  author's  name  appears  on  the  title-page,  and 
SAXA  appears  so  desirous  that  his  merits  should 
be  better  known  to  the  world.  'AAtetfe. 

Dublin. 

Attainment  of  Majority  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  18.). — I 
cannot,  in  courtesy,  omit  to  notice  MR.  RUSSELL 
GOLE'S  obliging  efforts  to  assist  the  investigation  of 
this  subject.  I  must,  however,  refer  him  to  the 
first  paragraph  of  my  last  communication  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  541.),  on  the  reperusal  of  which  he  will  find 


84 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


that  what  he  states  to  be  "  the  question  "  has  not 
been  at  any  time  questioned.  He  has  apparently 
mistaken  my  meaning,  and  imagines  that  "  about 
the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century"  means 
1704  (that  being  the  date  of  the  case  cited  by  him). 

I  beg  to  assure  him  that  I  intended  the  expres- 
sion, "  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century,"  to 
be  understood  in  the  ordinary  acceptation. 

A.  E.  B. 

Leeds. 

Three  Fleurs-de-Lis  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  35.). — I  have 
by  me  a  MS.  Biographical  History  of  the  English 
Episcopate,  complete  from  the  foundation  of  every 
See,  with  the  armorial  bearings  of  the  several 
bishops  :  the  whole  I  have  collected  from  the  best 
sources.  I  find  among  these,  in  the  arms  of  Tril- 
leck  of  Hereford,  three  fleurs-de-lis  in  chief;  Stil- 
lingfleet  of  VYorcester,  Coverdale  of  Exeter,  North 
of  Winchester,  three  fleurs-de-lis,  two  in  chief 
and  one  in  base ;  Stretton  of  Lichfield,  three  fleurs- 
de-lis  in  bend.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.  A. 

Sir  John  Egles,  who  was  knighted  by  King 
James  II.  in  the  last  year  of  his  reign,  and  was 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1688,  bore  :  Argent,  a 
fess  engrailed,  and  in  chief  three  fleurs-de-lis  sable. 

The  family  of  France,  now  represented  by 
James  France,  Esq.,  of  Bostock  Hall,  co.  Cheshire, 
bear  :  Argent,  on  a  mount  in  base  a  hurst  proper, 
a  chief  wavy  azure,  charged  with  three  fleurs-de- 
lis  or.  (The  last  are  probably  armes  parlanles.} 

Halford  of  Wistow  bears :  Argent,  a  greyhound 
passant  sable,  on  a  chief  azure,  three  fleurs-de-lis 
or.  LEWIS  EVANS. 

DEVONIENSIS  is  informed,  that  the  family  of 
Saunders  bear  the  following  coat  of  arms:  viz. 
Argent,  three  fleurs-de-lis  sable,  on  a  chief  of  the 
second  three  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  first.  Also,  that 
the  families  of  Chesterfield,  Warwyke,  Kempton, 
&c.,  bear :  Three  fleurs-de-lis  in  a  line  (horizon- 
tal) in  the  upper  part  of  the  shield.  See  Glovers' 
Ordinary,  augmented  and  improved  in  Berry's 
Encyclopcedia  Heraldica,  vol.  i.  H.  C.  C. 

,  Newspaper  Folk  Lore  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  29.).  — 
Although  (apparently  unknown  to  LONDONER)  the 
correspondent  of  The  Times,  under  "Naval  In- 
telligence," in  December  last,  with  his  usual  accu- 
racy, glanced  at  the  "  snaka  lore  "  merely  to  laugh 
at  the  fable,  I  have  written  to  a  gallant  cousin  of 
mine,  now  serving  as  a  naval  officer  at  Portsmouth, 
and  subjoin  his  reply  to  my  letter ;  it  will,  I 
think,  amply  suffice  to  disabuse  a  LONDONER'S,  or 
his  friend's,  mind  of  any  impression  of  credence  to 
be  attached  to  it,  as  regards  the  snake  : 

"  H.M.S.  Excellent. — Jonathan  Smith,  gunner's 
mate  of  the  Hastings,  joined  this  ship  from  the 
Hastings  in  July  ;  went  on  two  months'  leave, 
but  came  back  in  August  very  ill,  and  was  imme- 


diately sent  to  the  hospital  for  general  dropsy,  of 
which  he  shortly  after  died,  and  he  was  buried 
in  Kingston  churchyard,  being  followed  to  the 
grave  by  a  part  of  the  ship's  company  of  the 
Excellent. 

"  Shortly  before  his  death  a  worm,  not  a  snake, 
came  from  him.  It  was  nine  inches  in  length ; 
but  though  of  such  formidable  dimensions,  such 
things  are  common  enough  in  the  East  Indies, 
where  this  man  must  have  swallowed  it,  when 
very  small,  in  water.  They  seldom  are  the  cause 
of  death,  and,  in  the  present  instance,  had  nothing 
whatever  to  do  with  it.  The  story  of  the  snake 
got  into  some  of  the  papers,  but  was  afterwards 
contradicted  in  several." 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Nattochiis  and  Calchanti  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  36.). — 
Your  correspondent  F.  S.  A.  asks  what  "  cum 
ganis  et  nattochiis"  means,  in  a  charter  of  the  date 
of  Edward  II.  At  that  time  nattes  signified 
reeds,  and  possibly  withies :  and  the  words  quoted 
I  believe  to  mean,  "  with  all  grass  and  reeds  (or 
reed-beds)."  He  also  inquires  what  is  meant,  in 
a  deed  of  grant  of  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  by 
a  grant  of  "  decimas  calchanti,"  &c.  ?  It  signifies 
"  tithes  ways,"  &c.  The  original  law  Latin  for 
the  modern  phrase  "  all  ways,"  &c.,  was  calceata, 
signifying  "  raised  ways." 

This  word  has  (at  different  periods)  been 
written,  calceata,  calcata,  calcea,  calchia,  chaucee, 
and  chausse;  all  of  them,  however,  meaning  the 
same  thing.  JOHN  THRUFP. 

11.  York  Gate. 

Marriage  Ceremony  in  the  Fourteenth  Century 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  33.).  —  If  R.  C.  will  refer  to  Palmer's 
OriginesLiturgicce  (Rivington,1845,  vol.  ii.  p.  214.), 
he  will  find  that  the  first  part  of  the  matrimonial 
office  was  "  anciently  termed  the  espousals,  which 
took  place  some  time  before  the  actual  celebration 
of  marriage."  Palmer  explains  : 

"  The  espousals  consisted  in  a  mutual  promise  of 
marriage,  which  was  made  by  the  man  and  woman 
before  the  bishop  or  presbyter,  and  several  witnesses. 
After  which,  the  articles  of  agreement  of  marriage 
(called  tabulae,  matrimonlales),  which  are  mentioned  by 
Augustin,  were  signed  by  both  persons.  After  this, 
the  man  delivered  to  the  woman  the  ring  and  other  gifts  ; 
an  action  which  was  termed  subarrhation.  In  the  latter 
ages  the  espousals  have  always  been  performed  at  the 
same  time  as  the  office  of  matrimony,  both  in  the 
western  and  eastern  churches ;  and  it  has  long  been 
customary  for  the  ring  to  be  delivered  to  the  woman 
after  the  contract  has  been  made,  which  has  always  been 
iii  the  actual  office  of  matrimony.". 

Wheatly  also  speaks  of  the  ring  as  a  "  token  of 
spousage"  He  tell  us  that  — 

"  In  the  old  manual  for  the  use  of  Salisbury,  before 
the  minister  proceeds  to  the  marriage,  he  is  directed  to 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


ask  the  woman's  dowry,  viz.  the  tokens  of  speusage :  and 
ly  these  tokens  of  spousage  are  to  be  understood  rings,  or 
money,  or  some  other  things  to  .be  given  to  the  woman  by 
the  man ;  which  said  giving  is  called  subarration  (i.  e. 
wedding  or  covenanting),  especially  lohen  it  is  done  by 
the  giving  of  a  ring"  —  A  Rational  Illustration  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Sfc.  (Tegg,  1845),  p.  408. 

Perhaps  the  word  subarration  may  suggest  to 
E.  C.  a  clue,  by  which  he  can  mend  his  extract  ? 

J.  SANSOM. 

Clarence  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  565.).  —  I  made  no  note 
of  it  at  the  time,  but  I  remember  to  have  read,  I 
think  in  some  newspaper  biography  of  William  IV., 
that  the  title  of  Clarence  belonged  to  the  Plan- 
tagenets  in  right  of  some  of  their  foreign  alliances, 
and  that  it  was  derived  from  the  town  of  Chia- 
renza,  or  Clarence,  in  the  Morea.  As  many  of  the 
crusaders  acquired  titles  of  honour  from  places  in 
the  Byzantine  empire,  this  account  may  be  correct. 
Lionel  Plantagenet's  acquisition  of  the  honour  of 
Clare  by  his  marriage  with  Elizabeth  de  Burgh, 
may  have  induced  his  father  Edward  III.  to  re- 
vive the  dormant  title  of  Clarence  in  his  favour. 
HOJJORE  DE  MAREVIULE. 

Guernsey. 

"  The  spire  whose  silent  finger"  8fc.  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  9.).  - 

"  And  O  1  ye  swelling  hills  and  spacious  plains  ! 

L     Besprent  from  shore  to  shore  with  steeple-tow'rs, 

And  spires  whose  silent  finger  points  to  heav'n." 

Wordsworth,  Excursion,  vi.  17. 

Coleridge  uses  the  same  idea  in  his  Friend, 
No.  xiv.  p.  223.  : 

"  An  instinctive  taste  teaches  men  to  build  their 
churches  in  flat  countries  with  spire-steeples ;  which, 
as  they  cannot  be  referred  to  any  other  object,  point 
as  with  silent  finger  to  the  sky  and  stars  ;  arid  some- 
times, when  they  reflect  the  brazen  light  of  a  rich 
though  rainy  sunset,  appear  like  a  pyramid  of  flame 
burning  heavenward." 

F.  R.M.,  M.A. 

The  following  lines  conclude  a  pretty  little 
poem  of  Rogers's,  entitled  A  Wish.  They  furnish 
at  any  rate  a  parallel  passage  to,  if  not  the  correct 
version  of,  the  above  : 

"  The  village  church,  among  the  trees, 

Where  first  our  marriage  vows  were  given, 
With  merry  peals  shall  swell  the  breeze, 
And  point  ivith  taper  spire  to  heaven" 

C.  W.  B. 

Henry  Earl  of  Wotton  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  173. 
281.  563.).  —  In  reply  to  the  editors  of  the 
Navorxcher  I  have  to  state  — 

1.  That  neither  of  the  Lords  Stanhope  mentioned 
died  childless,  the  letters  s.p.  being  a  misprint  for 
v.  p.  (vita  patris}  ;  Henry  having  died  during  the 
lifetime  of  his  father:  and  it  was  "in  regard 


that  he  did  not  live  to  enjoy  his  father's  honours  " 
that  his  widow  was  afterwards  advanced  to  the 
dignity  of  Countess  of  Chesterfield. 

2.  It  was  Charles   Stanhope's  nephew  (of  the 
half-blood),  Charles   Henry  van  der  Kerckhove, 
who  took  the  name  of  Wotton.     The  insertion  of 
the  word  "thereupon"  between  "who"  and  "took," 
on  p.  281.,  would  have  made  the  sentence  less 
obscure. 

3.  Philip,  first  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  had,  besides 
Henry  Lord  Stanhope,  two   daughters  and   ten 
sons.     These  were  —  John,  who  died  a  student  at 
Oxford;  Ferdinando,  M.P.  for  Tamworth,  1640, 
killed  at  Bridgeford,  Notts,  1643  ;  Philip,  killed 
in  defence  of  his  father's  house,  which  was  a  gar- 
rison for  the  king,  1645  ;   Arthur,  youngest  son, 
M.  P.    for    Nottingham    in    the    parliament    of 
Charles  II.,  from  whom  descended  the  fifth  earl ; 
Charles,  died  s.p.  1645  ;   Edward,  William,  Tho- 
mas, Michael,  George,  died  young. 

The  earldom  descended  in  a  right  line  for  three 
generations  to  the  issue  of  Henry,  Lord  Stanhope, 
viz.  Philip,  his  son,  second  earl ;  Philip,  third  earl, 
his  grandson  ;  and  Philip,  fourth  earl,  his  great- 
grandson. 

The  Alexander  Stanhope  mentioned  by  the 
editors  of  the  Navorscher  was  the  only  son  of 
Philip,  first  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  by  his  second 
marriage.  His  mother  was  Anne,  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Pakington,  of  Westwood,  co.  Worcester, 
ancestor  of  the  present  baronet,  late  Secretary  of 
State  for  the  Colonies.  BROCTUNA. 

Bury,  Lancashire. 

Tenth  (or  the  Prince  of  Wales' s  Own)  Regiment 
of  (Light)  Dragoons  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  538. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  19.). — The  monarch  of  this  realm  reviewing  a 
regiment,  of  which  the  heir  apparent  was  not  only 
Colonel,  but  took  the  command,  and  directed  all 
the  military  evolutions  on  the  occasion,  was  such 
a  particular  event  as  to  merit  being  commemo- 
rated by  the  splendid  picture  at  Hampton  Court 
Palace.  Your  correspondent  $.,  who  desires  to  be 
informed  on  what  particular  day  that  review  took 
place,  will  find  that  it  was  on  Thursday,  Aug.  15, 
1799.  In  the  daily  paper,  The  True  Briton,  of 
Aug.  16,  1799,  he  will  find  some  details,  of  which 
the  following  is  an  abridgment : 

"  The  Prince  of  Wales's  regiment  (the  10th  Light 
Dragoons)  was  yesterday  reviewed  by  his  Majesty  on 
Winkfield  Plain.  The  troops  practised  their  man- 
oeuvres through  Cranbourne  Woods,  &c.  His  Royal 
Highness  gave  the  word  of  command  to  his  regiment, 
and  wore  in  his  military  helmet  '  an  oak  bough.'  The 
Prince  of  Wales  gave  an  entertainment  afterwards  to 
the  officers  at  the  Bush  Inn,  at  Staines." 

The  general  officers  in  attendance  upon  his 
Majesty,  and  represented  in  the  picture,  were  the 
Commander-in-Chief,  Field-Marshal  II.  E.  H.  the 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


Duke  of  York,  K.G.  and  K.B.,  Colonel  2nd  Foot 
Guards;  Lieut.-Gen.  and  Adjutant- Gen.  Sir  Win. 
Fawcett,  K.  B.,  3rd  Dragoon  Guards ;  Lieut.- 
Gen.  David  Dundas,  Quarter-niaster-General, 
7th  Light  Dragoons;  Major-Gen.  Goldsworthy, 
First  Equerry,  1st  Royal  Dragoons.  NARRO. 

Lewis  and  Sewell  Families  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  388. 
521.).  — C.  H.  F.  will  find  M.  G.  Lewis's  ances- 
tors, his  family  mausoleum,  the  tomb  of  his  ma- 
ternal grandfather,  &c.,  incidentally  mentioned  in 
"  M.  G.  Lewis's  Negro  Life  in  the  West  Indies," 
No.  16.  of  Murray's  Home  and  Colonial  Library, 
1845.  The  pedigrees  of  the  Shedden  and  Lush- 
ington  family  would  probably  afford  him  some 
information  upon  the  subject  of  his  Query. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Thos.  Sewell's  second  wife 
was  a  Miss  Sibthorp,  daughter  of  Coningsby 
Sibthorp  of  Canwick,  Lincolnshire.  By  her  he 
had  one  child,  which  died  young.  The  Rev. 
George  Sewell,  William  Luther  Sewell,  Robert 
Sewell,  Attorney- General  of  Jamaica,  and  Lieut.  - 
Col.  Thomas  Bailey  Heath  Sewell,  were  sons  of 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Thos.  Sewell  by  his  first  wife. 
Thomas  Bermingham  Daly  Henry  Sewell,  son  of 
the  above  Lieut. -Col.  Thomas  Bailey  Heath  Sewell, 
died  March  20,  1852,  aet.  seventy-eight;  and  was 
buried  in  Harold's  Cross  Cemetery,  near  Dublin. 
Two  daughters,  the  Duchess  de  Melfort,  and  Mrs. 
Richards,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Solomon  Richards,  still 
survive  him.  (See  Burke's  Commoners,  Supple- 
ment, name  COLE  of  Marazion ;  and  Burke's  Die. 
of  Peerage  and  Baronetage,  1845,  title  WEST- 

MEATH.)  W.  R.  D.  S. 

Blue  Bell  and  Blue  Anchor  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  388.). 
— Your  correspondent  2K9.  inquires  the  origin  of 
the  sign-boards  of  the  "Blue  Bell"  and  the  "Blue 
Anchor  ? "  I  have  always  understood  that  the 
sign  of  the  Bell,  painted  blue,  was  intended  as  a 
substitute  for  the  little  Scotch  flower  bearing  the 
name  of  the  blue-bell.  I  believe  it  is  either  the 
blue  flower  of  the  flax,  or  that  of  the  wild  blue 
hyacinth,  which  in  shape  much  resembles  a  bell. 
It  was  probably  much  easier  to  draw  the  metallic 
figure  than  the  flower,  and  hence  its  use  by  the 
primitive  village  artists.  As  to  the  "  Blue  Anchor," 
the  anchor  is  the  well-known  symbol  of  Hope, 
and  blue  her  emblematic  colour.  Hence  this 
adaptation  is  less  a  solecism  than  that  of  the  bell 
for  the  hyacinth.  W.  W.  E.  T. 

66.  Warwick  Square,  Belgravia. 

Sir  Anthony  Wingfield :  Ashmans  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  299.  376.).  — The  portrait  of  Sir  Anthony 
Wingfield,  "  with  the  hand  on  the  girdle,"  was,  a 
few  years  ago,  in  the  collection  of  Dawson  Turner, 
Esq.,  at  Yarmouth.  A  private  etching  of  it  was 
made  by  Mrs.  Turner.  The  original  was  rescued 
from  among  the  Letheringham  pictures  at  Ash- 


mans,  where  they  appear  to  have  been  sadly  neg- 
lected. 

The  late  Robert  Rede,  Esq.,  whose  father, 
Thomas  Rede,  purchased  of  Sir  Edwin  Rich, 
Bart.,  in  1805,  the  manor  of  Rose  Hall  and  Ash- 
mans,  erected  upon  that  estate  the  mansion  called 
Ashmans.  The  place  is  not  styled  Ashmans  Park, 
nor  does  its  extent  warrant  such  a  designation. 

This  property,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Robert 
Rede  in  1822,  passed  to  the  late  Rev.  Robert 
Rede  Cooper,  who  assumed  the  surname  of  Rede'; 
and  on  his  death,  without  male  issue,  the  estate 
devolved  upon  his  four  daughters,  Louisa  Char- 
lotte, wife  of  Francis  Fowke,  Esq. ;  Anne  Cooper, 
wife  of  Robert  Orford  Buckley,  Esq.;  Mary  Anne 
Sarah  Bransby,  wife  of  Charles  Henry  Tottenham, 
Esq. ;  and  Miss  Madeline  ISTaunton  Leman  Rede. 
The  property  has  not  been  sold.  Its  most  in- 
teresting antiquarian  feature  is  the  old  house 
called  Rose  (or  more  properly  Roos)  Hall,  which 
belonged  successively  to  the  Colly,  Suckling,  Rich, 
and  finally  the  Rede,  families. 

The  pictures  which  remained  at  Ashmans  were 
removed  from  thence  within  the  last  year;  but 
whether  any  of  those  from  the  Letheringham  gal- 
lery were  among  them,  I  know  not.  S.  W.  Rix. 

Beccles. 

Derivation  of  theWord  "Celt"  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.344. 
651.).— Job  xix.  24.  In  the  Cologne  (Ely)  edi- 
tion of  the  Vulgate,  1679,  the  word  is  Celt.  In 
Mareschal's  Bible  (Ludg.  1525),  the  word  in  the 
text  is  Celte,  but  the  marginal  note  is  "  als  Certe." 
In  the  Louvain  (or  Widen's)  Bible  (Antw.,  apud 
Viduam  et  Haeredes  Joannis  Stelsii,  1572,  cum 
priv.),  the  word  in  the  text  is  Certe.  This  latter 
being  an  authorised  edition  of  the  Vulgate,  it 
seems  probable  that  Celte,  or  Celt,  must  have 
been  an  error.  R.  I.  R- 

The  Religion  of  the  Russians  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  582.). 
—  Your  correspondent  J.  S.  A.  has  mentioned 
under  the  above  head  the  worship  of  "  gods,"  as 
he  calls  their  pictures  or  images,  by  the  Russians. 
I  am  sure  he  will  find  no  such  name  or  meaning 
given  to  them  by  the  Russians  in  their  writings  : 
for  an  account  of  what  they  really  believe  and  teach 
I  would  refer  him  to  Mouravieff's  History  of  the 
Russian  Church;  The  Catechism  of  the  Russian 
Church  Translated;  Harmony  of  their  Doctrine 
with  that  of  the  English  Church  ;  all  translated  by 
Mr.  Blackmore,  late  Chaplain  to  the  Russian  Com- 


pany. 


G.  W. 


French  T?*anslation  of  the  "  London  Gazette" 
(Vol.  vi.,  p.  223.).  — A  correspondent  describes  a 
French  edition  of  the  London  Gazette,  which  he 
had  met  with  of  the  date  of  May  6,  1703;  and 
considering  it  as  a  curiosity,  he  wishes  some  reader 
would  give  an  account  of  it.  It  has  occurred  to 
me  to  meet  with  a  similar  publication,  which  ap- 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


peared  twenty  years  antecedent  to  the  time  above 
specified.  It  is  entitled  La  Gazette  de  Londres, 
publiee  avec  Privilege,  depuis  le  Jeudi  11,  jusqriau 
Lundi  15,  Mai,  1682  (vieux  style},  No.  1621.  It 
gives  a  very  circumstantial  detail  of  the  loss  of 
the  "Gloucester"  frigate,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Humber,  in  the  night  of  Friday,  May  5,  1682, 
when  she  was  conveying  the  Duke  of  York  (post- 
quam  James  II.)  to  Scotland.  Sir  John  Berry, 
who  commanded  the  vessel,  managed  to  remove 
the  duke  to  another  ship  ;  but  the  Earl  of  Rox- 
burgh, Lord  O'Brien,  the  Laird  of  Hopetoun, 
Sir  Joseph  Douglas,  Mr.  Hyde  (Lord  Claren- 
don's brother),  several  of  the  duke's  servants,  and 
about  130  seamen,  were  lost  in  the  "  Gloucester," 
The  pilot  was  either  deficient  in  skill,  or  obstinate, 
and  was  to  be  brought  to  trial.* 

With  regard  to  the  reason  of  publishing  a  French 
version  of  the  Gazette,  might  it  not  be  judged  ex- 
pedient (as  the  French  was  then  spoken  in  every 
Court  in  Europe,  and  the  English  language  almost 
unknown  out  of  the  British  dominions)  to  publish 
this  translation  in  French  for  foreign  circulation  ? 
It  is  to  be  remarked  that  the  copy  I  have  met 
with  is  styled  privileged?  D.  N. 

"  Poscimus  in  vita,'"  Sfc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  19.). — 
Allow  me  to  correct  a  double  error  in  this  line  into 
which  MR.  POTTER  has  fallen,  though  he  has  im- 
proved upon  the  line  of  BALHOLENSIS.  The  true 
reading  of  it  is  — 

"  Poscimus  in  vitam  pauca,  nee  ista  diu." 

In  vitam  (for  life)  is  better  Latin  than  "in  vita ;" 
and  ista  is  more  appropriate  than  "  ilia,"  in  refer- 
ence to  things  spoken  unfavourably  of. 

C.  DELAPRYME. 

Pickard  Family  (Vol.ix.,  p.  10.). — The  Pickard 
family  are  not  from  Normandy,  but  from  Piccardy. 
Doubtless,  many  a  Le  Norman,  Le  Gascoign,  and 
Le  Piccard  settled  in  this  country  during  the 
Plantagenet  connexion  with  those  provinces.  P.  P. 

"  Man  proposes,  but  God  disposes"  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  411.  552.).  —  Piers  Ploughman's  Vision,  quoted 
by  your  correspondent  MR.  THOMAS,  proves  that 
the  above  saying  was  used  prior  to  the  time  of 
Thomas^a  Kempis  ;  but  in  adding  that  it  did  not 
originate  with  the  author  of  the  De  Imitatione, 
your  correspondent  overlooked  the  view  which 
attributes  that  wonderful  work  to  John  Gerson,  a 
Benedictine  Monk,  between  the  years  1220  and 
1240;  and  afterwards  Abbat  of  the  monastery  of 

[*  It  will  be  remembered  that  Pepys  accompanied 
the  Duke  of  York  on  this  excursion  to  Scotland,  and 
was  fortunately  on  board  his  own  yacht  when  the 
"  Gloucester"  was  wrecked.  His  graphic  account  of 
the  disaster  will  be  found  in  the  Correspondence  at 
the  end  of  his  Diary.  —  ED.] 


St.  Stephen.    (Vide  De  Imit.  curd  Joh.  Hrabieta, 
1847,  Praefat.,  viii.  et  seq.) 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  give  other  early 
quotations  from  the  De  Imitatione  ?  The  search 
after  any  such  seems  to  have  been  much  over- 
looked in  determining  the  date  of  that  work. 

H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

General  Whitelocke  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  621.).  — In 
reply  to  G.  L.  S.,  I  well  remember  this  unfortu- 
nate officer  residing  at  Clifton,  near  Bristol,  up 
to  about  the  year  1826  ;  but  as  I  then  removed 
to  a  distant  part  of  the  kingdom,  I  cannot  say 
where  the  rest  of  his  life  was  spent.  Although  I 
was  then  but  young,  the  lapse  of  years  has  not 
effaced  from  my  memory  the  melancholy  gloom  of 
his  countenance.  If  the  information  G.  L.  S.  is 
seeking  should  be  of  importance,  I  cannot  but 
think  he  may  obtain  it  on  the  traces  which  have 
been  given  him.  To  which  I  may  add,  that  up 
to  a  late  period  a  son  of  the  General,  who  was 
brought  up  to  the  church,  held  a  living  near  Mai- 
ton,  Yorkshire  ;  indeed,  I  believe  he  still  holds  it. 

D.  N.'s  information,  that  General  Whitelocke 
fixed  his  residence  in  Somersetshire,  may  probably 
be  correct;  but  it  has  occurred  to  me  as  just 
possible  that  Clifton  was  the  place  pointed  to,  in- 
asmuch as  it  is  a  vulgar  error,  almost  universal, 
that  Bristol  (of  which  Clifton  may  now  be  said  to 
be  merely  the  west  end)  is  in  Somersetshire; 
whereas  the  fact  is,  that  the  greater  part  of  that 
city,  and  the  whole  of  Clifton,  are  on  the  Glouces- 
tershire side  of  the  Avon,  there  the  boundary 
between  the  two  counties. 

I  may  mention,  that  in  a  late  number  of  Taifs 
Magazine  (?),  there  was  a  tale,  half  fiction  and 
half  fact,  but  evidently  meant  to  appear  the  latter, 
in  which  the  narrator  states  that  he  was  in  the 
ranks  in  General  Whitelocke's  army  ;  and  in  that 
fatal  affair,  in  which  he  was  engaged,  the  soldiers 
found  that  the  flints  had  been  removed  from  all 
the  muskets,  so  as  to  prevent  their  returning  the 
enemy's  fire  !  And  this  by  order  of  their  General. 
Is  not  this  a  fresh  invention  ?  If  so,  it  is  a  cruel 
one  !  M.  H.  K. 

Non-jurors'  Motto  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  621.).—"  Cetera 
quis  nescit"  is  from  Ovid,  Amorum,  lib.  i.,  Elegia  v. 
v.  25.  W.  J.  BERN  HARD  SMITH. 

Temple. 

"  The  Red  Cow "  Sign,  near  Marlborough 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  569.).  —  Being  informed  that  Crom- 
well's old  carriages,  with  the  "  Red  Cow"  on  them, 
were  some  years  ago  to  be  seen  as  curiosities  at 
Manton  near  Marlborough ;  Cromwell  being  a 
descendant  of  a  Williams  from  Glamorgan,  and 
the  cow  being  the  coat  of  arms  of  Cowbridge  ;  and 
the  signs  of  inns  in  that  county  being  frequently 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


named  "  The  Red  Cow ;" — will  any  of  your  readers 
oblige  with  some  account  of  the  origin  of  "  The 
Red  Cow"  as  a  sign  ;  and  what  family  has  now  a 
claim  to  such  as  the  family  arms  ?  GLYWYSYDD. 

Emblematic  Meanings  of  Precious  Stones  (Vol. 
viii.,  p.  539.;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  37.).  — To  the  list  of 
works  on  the  mystical  and  occult  properties  of 
precious  stones  given  by_  MR.  W.  PINKERTON, 
allow  me  to  add  the  following,  in  which  the  means 
of  judging  of  their  commercial  value,  and  their 
medicinal  properties,  are  chiefly  treated  of : 

"  Le  Parfaict  loaillier,  ov  Histoire  des  Pierreries: 
ov  sont  amplement  descrites,  leur  naissance,  juste  prix, 
moyen  de  les  cognoistre,  et  se  garder  des  contrefaites, 
Facultez  medicinales,  et  proprietez  curieuses.  Cora- 
pose  par  Anselme  Boece  de  Boot,  &c.  :  Lyon,  1644, 
12mo.,  pp.  788." 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Calves'-head  Club  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  480. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  15.).  —  A  correspondent  of  the  Cambridge 
Chronicle  of  Dec.  31  says,  that  in  the  churchyard 
of  Soham,  Cambridgeshire,  there  is  "a  monster- 
tomb  surrounded  by  a  lofty  iron  railing,"  with  the 
following  inscription  in  letters  of  a  large  size  : 

«  ROBERT  D'AYE,  Esquire,  died  April,  1770.  Also 
MARY,  Wife  of  Robert  D'Aye,  Esquire,  Daughter  of 
William  Russell,  Esquire,  of  Fordham  Abbey,  and 
Elizabeth  his  Wife,  who  was  the  only  surviving 
Daughter  of 

HENRY  CROMWELL, 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  Son  of 

OLIVER  CROMWELL, 
Protector;  died  November  5,  1765,  aged  73  years." 

After  stating  that  in  the  same  tomb  lie  the 
bodies  of  the  daughter  of  D'Aye,  and  his  wife 
(ob.  1779),  their  grandson  (1803),  and  great- 
grandson  (1792),  the  writer  adds  that  there  is  a 
tradition  in  Soham  that,  during  the  lifetime  of 
Mrs.  D'Aye,  out  of  respect  to  the  doings  of  Oliver 
Cromwell,  on  the  anniversary  of  King  Charles's 
martyrdom,  a  calf's  head  besmeared  with  blood 
was  hoisted  on  a  pole  in  front  of  the  cot  of  the 
husband.  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

Burial  in  an  erect  Posture  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  5.  59. 
233. 630.)  ;  Eulenspiegel  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  357.,  &c.).— 
The  German  rogue  Eulenspiegel  (or  Howleglass, 
as  Coplande  renders  it),  of  whose  adventures  "N. 
&  Q."  has  had  several  notices,  is  another  example 
of  upright  burial,  as  the  following  passage,  trans- 
lated by  Roscoe,  shows : 

"Howleglass  was  buried  in  the  year  1350,  and  his 
latter  end  was  almost  as  odd  and  as  eccentric  as  his 
life.  For,  as  they  were  lowering  him  again  into  the 
grave,  one  of  the  ropes  supporting  the  feet  gave  way, 
and  left  the  coffin  in  an  upright  position,  so  that 
Howleglass  was  still  upon  his  legs.  Those  who  were 


present  then  said  :  '  Come,  let  us  leave  him  as  he  is, 
for  as  he  was  like  nobody  else  when  he  was  alive,  he  is 
resolved  to  be  as  queer  now  he  is  dead.'" 

Accordingly,  they  left  Howleglass  bolt  upright, 
as  he  had  fallen  ;  and  placing  a  stone  over  his 
head,  on  which  was  cut  the  figure  of  an  owl  with 
a  looking-glass  under  his  claws,  the  device  of  his 
name,  they  inscribed  round  it  the  following  lines  : 

HOWLEGLASS's    EPITAPH. 

"  Here  lies  HOWLEGLASS,  buried  low, 

His  body  is  in  the  ground  ; 
We  warn  the  passenger  that  so 

He  move  not  this  stone's  bound. 
In  the  year  of  Our  Lord  MCCCL." 

His  tomb,  which  was  remaining  thirty  years  ago, 
and  may  be  now,  is  under  a  large  lime-tree  at 
Mollen,  near  Lubeck. 

In  Roscoe's  German  Novelists,  vol.  i.  p.  141.  et 
seq.,  there  are  references  to  several  editions  in 
various  languages  of  the  adventures  of  Thyll 
Eulenspiegel.  J.  R.  M.,  A.M. 

Siting  the  Thumb  (Vol.  vi.,  pp.  149.  281.  616.). 
— The  lower  orders  in  Normandy  and  Bribanny, 
and  probably  in  other  parts  of  France,  when  wish- 
ing to  express  the  utmost  contempt  for  a  person, 
place  the  front  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw  between 
the  nail  and  flesh  of  the  thumb,  the  nail  being 
turned  inwards  :  and  then,  disengaging  the  thumb 
with  a  sudden  jerk,  exclaim,  "  J  don't  care  that 
for  you,"  or  words  of  similar  import.  Is  not  this 
the  action  alluded  to  by  Shakspeare  and  other 
writers,  as  "  biting  the  thumb  ?  " 

HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 

Table-turning  and  Table-talking  in  Ancient 
Times  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  39.).  —  I  have  received  from 
a  correspondent  in  Berlin  the  subjoined  transla- 
tion of  an  article  which  was  published  in  the  Neue 
Preussische  Zeitung  of  January  1 0  : 

"  We  have  been  informed  that  Professor  Ranke  has 
found  out  a  passage  in  Ammianus  Marcellinus  by  which 
it  is  unquestionably  proved  that  table-turning  was 
known  in  the  east  of  the  Roman  Empire. 

"  The  table-turners  of  those  days  were  summoned  as 
sorcerers  before  the  Council,  and  the  passage  referred 
to  appears  to  have  been  transcribed  from  the  Protocol. 
The  whole  ceremony  (modus  movendi  hie  fuit)  is  very 
precisely  described,  and  is  similar  to  what  we  have  so 
often  witnessed  within  the  last  month  ;  only  that  the 
table-turners,  instead  of  sitting  round  the  table,  danced 
round  it.  The  table-oracle  likewise  answered  in  verse, 
and  showed  a  decided  preference  for  hexameters. 
Being  asked  «  Who  should  be  the  next  emperor?'  the 
table  answered  '  Theod.'  In  consequence  of  this  reply, 
the  government  caused  a  certain  Theodorus  to  be  put 
to  death.  Theodosius,  however,  became  emperor. 

"  The  table  oracle,  in  common  with  other  oracles, 
had  a  dangerous  equivocal  tendency." 


JAN.  28.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


I  learn  from  my  correspondent,  that  the  pas- 
sage in  Ammianus  Marcell'mus,  though  brought 
into  notice  by  Professor  Ranke,  was  discovered  by 
Professor  August  at  this  place  (Cheltenham).  I 
am  unable  to  verify  the  following  reference  :  see 
Ammianus  Marcellinus,  Eerum  Gestarum,  lib.xxix. 
(p.  177.,  Bipont.  edit.),  and  Ib.  lib.  xxxi.  (p.  285.) 

JOHN  T.  GRAVES. 

Cheltenham. 

The  Bell  Savage  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  523.).  —  MR. 
JAMES  EJDMESTON  is  correct  in  rejecting  the 
modern  acceptation  of  the  sign  of  the  well-known 
inn  on  Ludgate  Hill,  as  being  La  Belle  Sauvage. 
Its  proper  name  is  "  The  Bell  Savage,"  the  bell 
being  its  sign,  and  Savage  the  name  of  its  pro- 
prietor. But  he  is  wrong  in  supposing  that 
"  Bell "  in  this  case  was  the  abbreviation  of  the 
name  Isabella,  and  that  the  inn  "  was  originally 
kept  by  one  Isabella  Savage."  In  a  deed  enrolled 
on  the  Close  Roll  of  1453,  it  is  described  as 
"  Savage's  Ynne,  alias  Le  Belle  on  the  Hope." 
The  bell,  as  in  many  other  ancient  signs,  was 
placed  within  a  hoop.  (See  the  Gentleman  s  Ma- 
gazine  for  November  last,  p.  487.)  N. 

Door-head  Inscriptions  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  652.). — 
About  the  year  1825,  I  remember  an  old  house 
known  by  the  whimsical  name  of  "  Wise-in-Time," 
at  Stoke-Bishop,  near  Bristol ;  over  the  front  door 
of  which  there  was  the  following  inscription, 
carved  on  a  stone  tablet : 

"  Ut  corpus  ammo, 
Sic  Domus  corpori." 

The  house  had  the  reputation  of  being  haunted. 
I  cannot  say  whether  it  is  still  in  existence. 

M.  H.  R. 

Over  the  door  of  a  house  in  Alnwick,  in  the 
street  called  Bondgate  : 

"  That  which  your  father 

of  old  hath  purchased  and  left 

you  to  possess,  do  you  dearly 

hold  to  show  his  worthiness. 

M.  W.  1714." 

CEYREP. 

Funeral  Customs  in  the  Middle  Ages  (Vol.  vi., 
p.  433.).  — In  answer  to  your  correspondent  MR. 
PEACOCK,  as  to  whether  a  monument  was  usually 
erected  over  the  burial-place  of  the  heart,  &c.  ?  it 
is  mentioned  in  Miss  Strickland's  Life  of  Queen 
Mary  Stuart,  that  — 

"  An  elegant  marble  pillar  was  erected  by  Mary  as 
a  tribute  of  her  affection,  to  mark  the  spot  where  the 
heart  of  Francis  II.  was  deposited  in  Orleans  Cathe- 
dral." 

L.  B.  M. 

Greek  Epigram  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  622.).  —  The  epi- 
gram, or  rather  epigrams,  desired  by  your  corre- 
spondent G.  E.  FRERE  are  most  probably  those 


which  stand  as  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  in  the 
ninth  division  of  the  Anthologia  Palatina  (vol.  ii. 
p.  61.,  ed.  Tauchnitz).  Their  subjects  are  iden- 
tical with  that  quoted  by  you,  which  stands  as  the 
eleventh  in  the  same  collection.  The  two  best 
lines  of  Epigram  XIII.  are  — 


"  'Avepa  Tty  \nr6yviov  inrep  vdroio 
^Hye,  TrbSas  %p-ii<Tas,  o^a 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON 

Macheys   "Theory   of  the   Earth"    (Vol.  viii 
pp.  468.  565.).— 

"  Died,  on  Saturday  se'night,  at  Doughty's  Hospi- 
tal in  this  city,  Samson  Arnold  Mackey,  aged  seventy- 
eight  years.  The  deceased  was  born  at  Haddiscoe, 
and  was  a  natural  son  of  Captain  Samson  Arnold  of 
Lowestoft.  He  has  been  long  known  to  many  of  the 
scientific  persons  of  Norwich,  and  was  remarkable  for 
the  originality  of  his  views  upon  the  very  abstruse  sub- 
ject of  mythological  astronomy,  in  which  he  exhibited 
great  sagacity,  and  maintained  his  opinions  with  extra- 
ordinary pertinacity.  He  received  but  a  moderate 
education  ;  was  put  apprentice  to  a  shoemaker  at  the 
age  of  eleven,  served  his  time,  and  for  many  years  after- 
wards was  in  the  militia.  He  did  not  again  settle  in 
Norwich  until  1811,  when  he  hired  the  attic  storey  ot 
a  small  house  in  St.  Paul's,  where  he  followed  his 
business  and  pursued  his  favourite  studies.  About 
1822  he  published  his  first  part  of  Mythological  Astro- 
nomy, and  gave  lectures  to  a  select  few  upon  the  science 
in  general.  In  1825  he  published  his  Theory  of  the 
Earth,  and  several  pamphlets  upon  the  antiquity  of  the 
Hindoos.  His  room,  in  which  he  worked,  took  his 
meals,  slept,  and  gave  his  lectures,  was  a  strange 
exhibition  of  leather,  shoes,  wax,  victuals,  sketches  of 
sphinxes,  zodiacs,  planispheres  ;  together  with  orreries 
of  his  own  making,  geological  maps  and  drawings,  illus- 
trative of  the  Egyptian  and  Hindoo  Mythologies. 
He  traced  all  the  geological  changes  to  the  different 
inclinations  of  the  earth's  axis  to  the  plane  of  its  orbit, 
and  was  fully  persuaded  that  about  420,000  years 
ago,  according  to  his  theory,  when  the  poles  of  the 
earth  were  last  in  that  position,  the  geological  pheno- 
mena now  witnessed  were  produced.  From  his  sin- 
gular habits,  he  was  of  course  looked  upon  with  wonder 
by  his  poor  neighbours,  and  those  better  informed  were 
inclined  to  annoy  him  as  to  his  religious  opinions.  He 
had  a  hard  struggle  of  late  years  to  obtain  subsistence, 
and  his  kind  friend  and  patron  the  late  Mr.  Money- 
ment  procured  for  him  the  asylum  in  which  he  died. 
He  held  opinions  widely  different  to  most  men;  but  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that,  humble  as  he  was,  his 
scientific  acquirements  gained  him  private  interviews 
with  the  late  Duke  of  Sussex,  the  Duke  of  Somerset, 
and  many  learned  men  in  the  metropolis." 

The  above  is  taken  from  the  Norwich  Mercury 
of  August  12,  1843.  TRIVET  ALLCOCK. 

Norwich. 

"Homo  Unius  Libri"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  569.).—  D'la- 
raeli  devotes  a  chapter,  in  the  second  series  of  his 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  222. 


Curiosities  of  Literature,  to  "  The  Man  of  One 
Book."  He  says : 

"  A  predilection  for  som'e  great  author,  among  the 
vast  number  which  must  transiently  occupy  our  atten- 
tion, seems  to  be  the  happiest  preservative  for  our 
taste  ....  He  who  has  long  been  intimate  with  one 
great  author  will  always  be  found  a  formidable  anta- 
gonist  The  old  Latin  proverb  reminds  us  of 

this  fact,  Cave  ab  homine  unius  libri,  Be  cautious  of  the 
man  of  one  book." 

and  he  proceeds  to  remark,  that  "every  great 
writer  appears  to  have  a  predilection  for  some 
favourite  author,"  and  illustrates  it  by  examples. 

ElBIONNACH. 

Muffs  worn  by  Gentlemen  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  353.). — 
In  the  amusing  quarrel  between  Goldsmith's  old 
friend  and  his  cousin  in  St.  James's  Park,  "Cousin 
Jeffrey,"  says  Miss,  "  I  knew  we  should  have  the 
eyes  of  the  Park  upon  us,  with  your  great  wig  so 
frizzled  and  yet  so  beggarly."  "  I  could,"  adds 
Mr.  Jeffrey,  "  have  patiently  borne  a  criticism  on 
all  the  rest  of  my  equipage ;  but  I  had  always  a 
peculiar  veneration  for  my  muff."  (Essays,  p.  263., 
edit.  1819.)  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

If,  as  we  believe,  the  first  and  greatest  qualifications 
for  an  editor  of  Shakspeare  be  love  for  his  author  and 
a  thorough  appreciation  of  his  beauties,  Mr.  Charles 
Knight  may  well'  come  forward  once  more  in  that 
character.  And,  as  he  well  observes,  the  fact  of  his 
having  laboured  for  many  years  in  producing  a  body  of 
Commentary  on  Shakspeare,  so  that  he  was,  out  of  the 
necessity  of  its  plan,  compelled  not  to  miss  any  point, 
or  slur  over  any  difficulty,  renders  him  not  the  less 
fitted  for  the  preparation  of  an  edition  which  is  intended 
to  be  "  The  People's  Shakspeare."  The  first  volume 
of  this  edition,  which  he  calls  The  Stratford  Shakspeare, 
is  now  before  us.  It  comprises  the  "  Facts  connected 
with  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Shakspeare,"  and  the 
"  Notice  of  Original  Editions,"  and  a  most  valuable 
shilling's  worth  it  is.  And  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that,  if  Mr.  Knight  realises  his  intentions  of  suiting  the 
present  work  to  the  wants  of  the  many,  by  his  endea- 
vours, without  any  elaborate  criticism,  to  unravel  the 
difficulties  of  a  plot,  to  penetrate  the  subtlety  of  a  cha- 
racter, and  to  show  the  principle  upon  which  the  artist 
•worked,  the  present  will  be  the  crowning  labour 
of  his  many  praiseworthy  endeavours  to  place  a  good 
edition  of  the  works  of  our  great  dramatist  within  the 
reach  of  all 

"  Who  speak  the  tongue 
That  Shakspeare  spake." 

We  cannot  better  show  the  utility  and  interest  of 
The  Autograph  Miscellany ;  a  Collection  of  Autograph 
Letters,  Interesting  Documents,  fyc.,  selected  from  the 


British  Museum,  and  other  sources  Public  and  Private, 
than  by  stating  the  contents  of  the  first  number,  which 
certainly  contains  admirable  lithographic  fac-similes  of 
—  I.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Letter  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons in  answer  to  their  Petition  respecting  her 
Marriage;  II.  Letter  from  Catherine  de  Medici; 
III.  Wren's  Report  on  the  Design  for  the  Summit  of 
the  City  Monument;  IV.  Letter  from  Rubens  on  the 
Defeat  of  the  English  at  Rochelle.  .  Their  execution-is 
certainly  most  creditable  to  the  artist,  Mr.  F.  Nether- 
el  ift. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  Works  of  Joseph  Addison, 
with  Notes  by  Dr.  Richard  Hurd,  Bishop  of  Worcester, 
in  Four  Volumes,  with  Engravings,  Vol.  I.  This  is  the 
first  of  a  new,  cheap,  and  well-printed  edition  of  Hurd's 
Addison,  and  forms  one  of  Mr.  Bonn's  new  series  of 
British  Classics.  —  The  Russians  of  the  South,  by 
Shirley  Brooks,  the  53rd  Part  of  Longman's  Traveller's 
Library,  is  a  very  lively  and  amusing  little  volume.  It 
would  have  been  read  with  interest  at  any  time,  but 
is  especially  deserving  of  attention  at  the  present 
moment. 


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92 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  222. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 

Directors. 

H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jim.  Esq. 
M.P. 


G.  II.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evana,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
J.  Hunt,  Esq. 


J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 
J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 
J.  B.  White,  Esq. 
J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 
W.Whateley,Esn.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
in?  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Kates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
1007.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  — 


Age 
17  . 

22  - 

27- 


Age 
32- 
37- 

42- 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 
-382 


£  s.  d. 

-  1  14    4 

-  1  18    8 

-  2    4    5 

ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6^.,  Second  Edition, 
With  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


^nitrite'    k  fcral  li 


52.  CHANCERY  LANE,  LONDON. 
Subscribed  Capital,  ONE  MILLION. 

THIS   SOCIETY   PRESENTS   THE   FOL- 
LOWING ADVANTAGES  : 

The  Security  of  a  Subscribed  Capital  of  ONE 
MILLION. 

Exemption  of  the  Assured  from  all  Liability. 

Premiums  affording  particular  advantages  to 
Young  Lives. 

Participating  and  Non-Participating  Pre- 
miums. 

In  the  former  EIGHTY  PER  CENT,  or 
FOUR-FIFTHS  of  the  Profits  are  divided 
amongst  the  Assured  Triennially,  either  by 
way  of  addition  to  the  sum  assured,  or  in 
diminution  of  Premium,  at  their  option. 

No  deduction  is  made  from  the  four-fifths 
'of  the  profits  for  Interest  on  Capital,  for  a 
Guarantee  Fund,  or  on  any  other  account. 

POLICIES  FREE  OF  STAMP  DUTY  and 
INDISPUTABLE,  except  in  case  of  fraud. 

At  the  General  Meeting,  on  the  31st  May 
last,  A  BONUS  was  declared  of  nearly  Two 
PER  CENT,  per  annum  on  the  amount  assured. 
or  at  the  rate  of  from  THIRTY  to  upwards  of 
SIXTY  per  cent,  on  the  Premiums  paid. 

POLICIES  share  in  the  Profits,  even  if  ONE 
PREMIUM  ONLY  has  been  paid. 

Next  DIVISION  OF  PROFITS  in  1856. 

The  Directors  meet  on  Thursdays  at  2  o'Clock. 
Assurances  may  be  effected  by  applying  on  any- 
other  day,between  the  hours  of  10  and  4,  at  the 
Office  of  the  Society,  where  prospectuses  and 
all  other  requisite  information  can  be  obtained. 
CHARLES  JOHN  GILL,  Secretary. 


POLICY    HOLDERS   in   other 

COMPANIES,  and  intending  Assure] 
:nerally,  are  invited  to  examine  the  Rate 


iiety  in  which  the  Advantages  of  Mutua 
Assurance  can  be  secured  by  moderate  Pre 
miums.  Established  1837.  Number  of  Poli 
cie«  issued  6,400,  assuring  upwards  of  Two  am 
a  Half  Millions. 

Full  Reports  and  every  Information  had 
(Free)  on  Application. 

***  Policies  are  now  issued  Free  of  Stamp 
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stance that  Premiums  payable  for  Life  Assur- 
ance are  now  allowed  as  a  Deduction  from 
Income  in  the  Returns  for  Income  Tax. 

GEORGE  GRANT.  Resident  Sec. 
London  Branch,  12.  Moorgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.—  Reduction 

1  in  Price  of  French  Papers  prepared  for 
Mons.  Le  Gray's  Process.  Examination  of  the 
.Papers,  and  comparison  with  the  Prices  hitherto 
charged  for  the  same  description,  is  respect- 
fully solicited  ;  the  most  perfect  Selection 
and  Chemical  Manipulations  having  been  ob- 
served, with  a  hope  that  an  endeavour  to  re- 
duce the  Cost  of  this  beautiful  and  extensively 
applied  Branch  of  Photographic  Art,  may 
secure  a  portion  of  Public  Patronasre.  Canson 
Freres'  Waxed  Negative  fall  spotted  or  imper- 


fect sheets  rejected),  6s.  per  Quire.     Iodized 
for  three  weeks, 


,      . 
ditto,  8s.    Sensitive,  available 


, 

13s.  ;  Size,  17J  by  11},  demy  folio.  Specimens 
of  either  Papers  sent  Free,  between  boards,  on 
Receipt  of  Postage  (ID  Stamps),  addressed, 
Prepaid,  to 

LUKE  SAMS,  7.  Adelphi  Chambers,  facing 
the  Society  of  Arts,  Adelphi,  London. 

«»*  Positive  Papers,  English  and  Foreign. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

A  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists. 
289.^  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half  tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 
&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &.C.&G.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art 

123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAME- 

1  RAS.-OTTEWTLL'S  REGISTERED 
DOUBLE-BODIED  FOLDING  CAMERA, 
13  superior  to  every  other  form  of  Camera, 
for  the  Photographic  Tourist,  from  its  capa- 
bility of  Elongation  or  Contraction  to  any 
Focal  Adjustment,  its  Portability,  and  its 
adaptation  for  taking  either  Views  or  Por- 
traits.—The  Trade  supplied. 

Every  Description  of  Camera,  or  Slides,  Tri- 
pod Stands,  Printing  Frames,  Ac.,  may  be  ob- 
tained at  his  MANUFACTORY,  Charlotte 
Terrace,  Barnsbury  Road,  Islington. 

New  Inventions,  Models,  &c.,  made  to  order 
or  from  Drawings. 


Celtic  Literature,    Welsh  Dictionaries,  ISrcton 
Sonys. 

B.  QUARITCH, 

16.  CASTLE    STREET,  LEICESTER 
SQUARE, 

OfenforSak: 

1.  Zeuss,  Grammatica  Celtica,  2  vols.  8vo., 
pp.  1166,  a  valuable  and  learned  Celtic  Poly- 
glott,  21s.  [,853. 

2.  Pughe's  Welsh-English  Dictionary,  2  vols. 
impl.  8vo.  (best  edition),  cloth,  27.  8s.         [  1832. 

.  3.  Walter's  English-Welsh  Dictionary,  2  vols. 
impl.  8vo.  r  published  at  31.  3s.),  cloth,  the  com- 
panion to  Pughe,  only  18s. 

4.  Barzaz-Breiz,    Chants    de   la    Bretagne, 
Breton  et  FranSais,  2  vols.   12mo.,   with  the 
Music,  8s.  [ig  |6. 

5.  Rostrenen.Dictionnaire  Francais-Celtioue, 
4to.,  calf,  gilt,  36s.  [1732. 

6.  Spurrell's   Welsh-English    and   English- 
Welsh   Dictionary,   with   a   good    Grammar, 
3  vols.  in  2, 12mo.  calf,  12s.  [1819. 

7.  The  Cambro-Briton,  3  vols.  8vo.,  half-hd., 
calf,  36s.  [1820-22. 

8.  Lhuyd's   Archaologia  Britannica,   folio, 
calf,  good  copy,  21.  2s.  .    [1707. 

>.  The  Myvyrian  Archaiology  of  Wales, 
3  vols.  royal  8vo.,  calf,  gilt,  very -good  copy, 
9(.  9s.  [1801-7. 


containing:  upwards  of 
2OOO  rare  and  valuable 
Philological  Works,  Gene- 
ral  Literature,  Books  of 
Prints,  Heraldry,  &.c.,  is 
just  published,  price  6d. 


Now  ready,  price  25s.,  Second  Edition,  revised 
and  corrected.  Dedicated  by  Special  Per- 
mission to 

THE  (LATE-i    ARCHBISHOP   OF 
CANTERBURY. 

PSALMS  AND  HYMNS  FOR 
THE  SERVICE  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

The  words  selected  by  the  Very  Rev.  H.  H. 

MILMAN,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  The 
Music  arranged  for  Four  Voices,  but  applicable 
also  to  Two  or  One,  including  Chants  for  the 

'ervices.   Responses   to   the  Commandments, 

nd  a  Concise  SYSTEM  OF  CHANTING,  by  J.  B. 
SALE,  Musical  Instructor  and  Organist  to 

ler  Majesty.  4to.,  neat,  in  morocco  cloth, 
price  25s.  To  be  had  of  Mr.  .T.  B.  SALE,  21. 

lolywell  Street,  Millbank,  Westminster,  on. 

he   receipt  of   a  Post-office   Order  for   that 

.mount :  and,  by  order,  of  the  principal  Book- 

ellers  and  Music  Warehouses. 

"  A  great  advance  on  the  works  we  have 
litherto  had,  connected  with  our  Church  and 
/athedral  Service."—  Times. 

"  A  collection  of  Psalm  Tunes  certainly  un- 
qualled  in  this  country."—  Literary  Gazette. 

One  of  the  best  collections  of  tunes  which 
we  have  yet  seen.  Wei!  merits  the  distin- 
uished  patronage  under  which  it  appears."  — 
fusical  World. 

'  A  collection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns,  together 
with  a  system  of  Chanting  of  a  very  superior 
haracter  to  any  which  has  hitherto  appeared." 
—  John  Bull. 

London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 
Also,  lately  published, 

J.  B.  SALE'S  SANCTUS, 

iOMMANDMENTS  and  CHANTS  as  per- 
onned  at  the  Chapel  Royal  St.  James,  price  2s. 

C.  LONSDALE,  26.  Old  Bond  Street. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARE  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London ;  and  published  by  GEOKOE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  Of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.— Saturday,  January  28.  1864. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OE  INTER-COMMUNICATION 


FOR 


LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


Jtfo.  223.] 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  4.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
i  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

JToiEs:-  Page 

Dryden  on  Shakspeare,  by  Bolton  Corney     95 

Party  Similes  of  the  Seventeenth  Cen- 
tury:—  No.  1.  "Foxes  and  Fire- 
"brands."  No. 2.  "  The  Trojan  Horse  "  96 

Dutch  East  India  Company.  —  Slavery 
in  England,  by  James  Graves  -  -  98 

Original  Royal  Letters  to  the  Grand 
Masters  of  Malta,  by  Wm.  Winthrop  99 

iEnareans     -          -          -          -          -    101 

MINOR  NOTES:  — Russia  and  Turkey  — 
Social  Effects  of  the  severe  Weather, 
Jan.  3  and  4, 1854  —  Star  of  Bethlehem 
—  Origin  of  the  Word  "  Cant "  —  Epi- 
gram on  Four  Lawyers  -  -  103 

'QUERIES  :  — 

Contributors  to  "Knight's  Quarterly 

Magazine"  -  103 

The  Stationers'  Company  and  Al- 
manack -  -  -  -  -  104 

MINOR  QHERIFS  :  —  John  Bunyan  — 
Trajredy  by  Mary  Leapor— Repairing 
old  Prints  — Arch-priest  in  the  Dio- 
cese of  Exeter—  Medal  in  honour  of 
the  Chevalier  de  St.  George  —  Robert 
Bloet  —  Sir  J.  Wallace  and  Mr. 
Browne  —  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of 
Leicester— Abbott  Families— Author- 
«hip  of  a  Ballad  —  Elias  Petley  — Ca- 
naletto's  Views  round  London  —  A 
Monster  found  at  Maidstone  —  Page  -  1 04 

MINOR  QCERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  _ 
The  Fish  "  Ruffins  "  —Oiigin  of  the 
Word  Etiquette  —  Henri  Quatre  — 
"  He  that  complies  against  his  will," 
&c.,  and  "  To  kick  the  bucket "  —  St. 
Nicholas  Cole  Abbey  -  -  -  106 

"REPLIES  :  — 

Trench  on  Proverbs,  by  the  Rev.  M. 

Margoliouth        -  -  -  -  107 

Inscriptions  on  Bells         -  -  -  109 

Arms  of  Geneva     ....  110 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE: — Mul- 
tiplying Negatives  —  Towgood's  Pa- 
per—Adulteration of  Nitrate  of  Sil- 
ver  no 

REPLIES  TO  MTNOR  QCERIKS  :— Passage 
of  Cicero  — Major  Andrd  —  Catholic 
Bible  Society  —  Cassiterides  —Wooden 
Tombs  and  Effigies  —  Tailless  Cats  — 
Warville  —  Green  Eyes  _  Came  _ 
"  Epitaphium  Lucretiai  "  —  Oxford 
Commemoration  Squib  — "Imp"  — 
False  Spellings  from  Sound  — "Good 
•wine  needs  no  bush  " —  Three  Fleurs- 
de-I.ys  —  Portrait  of  Plowden  —  St. 
Stephen's  Day  and  Mr.  Riley's  "  Hove- 
den"—  Death  Warnings  in  Ancient 
Families  _"  The  Secunde  Personne 
in  the  Trinitie  "  -  -  -  -  111 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  fcc.  ...  114 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted  -  115 
Kotices  to  Correspondents  •  -  115 


VOL,  IX.— No.  223. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  SOCIETY. 

—  THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHOTO- 
GRAPHS AND  DAGUERREOTYPES  is 
now  open  at  the  Gallery  of  the  Society  of 
British  Artists,  Suffolk  Street.  Pall  Mall,  in  the 
Morning  from  10  A.M.  to  half-past  4  P.M.,  and 
in  the  Evening  from  7  to  10  P.M.  Admission.  Is. 
Catalogue  6d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITU- 
TION.—An  EXHIBITION  of  PIC- 
TURES, by  the  most  celebrated  French, 
Italian,  and  English  Photographers,  embrac- 
ing Views  of  the  principal  Countries  and  Cities 
of  Europe,  is  now  OPEN.  Admission  &d.  A 
Portrait  taken  by  MR.  TALBOT'S  Patent 
Process,  One  Guinea ;  Three  extra  Copies  for 
10s. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  NEW  BOND  STREET. 


TO     PRE  -  R  APH  AELITES.  — 
On  Sale,  a  verv  beautiful  Collection  of 
CHINESE  DRAWINGS. 

B.  QUARITCH,  16.  Castle  Street,  Leicester 

Square. 

***  B.  Q.'s  Catalogue  of  2000  Rare,  Valu- 
able, and  Curious  Books,  just  published,  price 


SCIENTIFIC  RECREATION  FOR  YOUTH 
—EXPERIMENTAL  CHEMISTRY. 

AMUSEMENT     FOR    LONG 

_OL  EVENINGS,  by  means  of  STATHAM'S 
Chemical  Cabinets  and  Portable  Laboratories, 
5s.  6d.,  7s.  6d.,  10s.  6d.,  21s.,  31*.  6d.,  42s.,  63s., 
and  upwards.  Book  of  Experiments,  &d.  "  Il- 
lustrated Descriptive  Catalogue"  forwarded 
Free  for  Stamp. 

WILLIAM  E.  STATHAM,  Operative  Che- 
mist, 29 c.  Rotherfield  Street,  Islington, 
London,  and  of  Chemists  and  Opticians 
everywhere. 


HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUS- 
TRATED CATALOGUE  OF  BED- 
STEADS, sent  free  by  post.  It  contains  de- 
signs and  prices  of  upwards  of  ONE  HUN- 
DRED different  Bedsteads,  in  iron,  brass, 
japanned  wood,  polished  birch,  mahogany, 
rosewood,  and  walnut-tree  woods  ;  also  of 
every  description  of  Bedding,  Blankets,  and 
Quilts. 

HEAL  &  SON,  Bedstead  and  Bedding  Manu- 
facturers, 196.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


WH.     HART,     RECORD 
•     AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
WilLs,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 
1.  ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


Just  published,  in  cloth  8vo.,  10s.  6<7. 

ON  THE  DECLINE  OF  LIFE 
IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE  ;  being 
an  Attempt  to  investigate  the  Causes  of  Lon- 


gevity, and  the  best  Means  of  attaining  a 
Healthful  Old  Age.  By  BARNARD  VAN 
OVEN..M.D.,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Medical 


Chirurgical  Society,  &c. 

"  Old  and  youngr,  the  healthy  and  the  in- 
valid, may  alike  obtain  useful  and  practical 
hints  from  Dr.  Van  Oven's  book  ;  his  advice 
and  observations  are  marked  by  much  experi- 
ence and  good  sense."  —  Literary  Gazette. 

JOHN  CHURCHILL,  Princes  Street,  Soho. 


T7 


Just  published,  price  Is., 

CCLESIASTICAL    COURTS 

JL1;  REFORM.  —An  Account  of  the  Present 
Deplorable  State  of  the  ECCLESIASTICAL 
COURTS  of  RECORD,  with  Proposals  for 
their  Complete  Reformation.  By  W.  DOWN- 
ING BRUCE,  Esq.,  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister- 
at-Law,  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
ke. 

HENRY  ADAMS.  9.  Parliament  Street,  and 
W.  ARPTHORP,  22.  Bishopsgate  Street. 


TEGG'S  CHRONOLOGY. 
In  One  handsome  Volume,  post  8vo.,  cloth, 

TEGG'S     DICTIONARY     OF 
CHRONOLOGY  ;    or,    Historical    and 
Statistical  Register,  from  the  Birth  of  Christ  to 
the  Present  Tune.    Fifth  Edition,  revised  and 
improved. 

London  :  WILLIAM  TEGG  &  CO., 
85.  Queen  Street,  Cheapside. 


THE  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

J_     No.  CLXXXVIL,    is  published  THIS 
CONTENTS : 

I.  LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF  GRAY. 
II.  HUMBOLDT'S      COSMOS  -  SIDE- 
REAL ASTRONOMY. 

III.  MISSIONS  IN  POLYNESIA. 

IV.  M.  GUIZOT. 

V.  RELIGION    OF     THE     CHINESE 

REBELS. 
VI.  CASTREN'S     TRAVELS     AMONG 

THE  LAPPS. 

VII.  MEMOIRS  OF  KING  JOSEPH. 
VIIL  TURKEY  AND  RUSSIA. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


LL  WORKS   published  under 

the  Title  SCOTT'S  POETICAL 
|RKS  are  IMPERFECT  and  INCOM- 
PLETE, unless  they  bear  the  Imprint  ef 
ROBERT  C  ADELL,  or  ADAM  &  CHARLES 
BLACK,  Edinburgh. 

AUTHORS     EDITION    OF 

SCOTT'S  POETRY,  including  the  Copyright 
Poem  of  the  LORD  OF  THE  ISLES,  6  En- 
gravings, cloth,  gilt  edges,  5s. 

A.  &  C.  BLACK,  Edinburgh. 
HOULSTON  &  STONEMAN,  London. 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  223. 


@>ocietg, 

FOR  THE   PUBLICATION   OF 

EARLY  HISTORICAL  AND  LITERARY  REMAINS. 


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it  accomplishes  that  object  by  the  publication  of 
Historical  Documents,  Letters,  Ancient  Poems, 
and  whatever  else  lies  within  the  compass  of 
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The  Subscription  to  the  Society  is  1Z.  per 
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Edited  by  J.  Y.  AKERMAN,  Esq.,  Sec.  S.A. 

53.  THE    CHRONICLE     OF 

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54.  PROMPTORIUM:  An 

English  and  Latin  Dictionary  of  Words  in 

te  during  the  Fifteenth  Century,  compiled 
efly  from  the  Promptorium   Parvulorum. 
ALBERT    WAY,  Esq.,    M.A.,    F.S.A. 
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ROLL   of   the    HOUSEHOLD 

EXPENSES  of  RICHARD  SWINFIELD, 
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Illustrations  from  other  and  coeval  Docu- 
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London  :  PELHAM  RICHARDSON,  23.  Corn- 
hill  i  and  E.  LUMLEY,  126.  High  Holborn. 

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HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 
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cords, and  purporting  to  be  a  literal  translation 
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visions,  &c.,  from  the  time  of  Gildas;  richly 
illustrated  with  notes,  which  throw  a  clear, 
and  in  many  instances  a  new  light  on  what 
would  otherwise  be  difficult  and  obscure  pas- 
sages." —  Thomas  Miller,  History  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  p.  88. 

Works  by  the  same  Author. 

BERTHA  ;  or,  The  POPE  and 

the  EMPEROR. 

THE    LAST     DAYS     OF 

O'CONNELL. 

A  TRUE  HISTORY  OF  THE 

HUNGARIAN  REVOLUTION. 

THE  LIFE  OF  ST.  ETHEL- 
BERT,  KING  of  the  EAST  ANGLES. 

A     GRANDFATHER'S 

STORY-B'  )OK  ;  or,  TALES  and  LEGENDS, 
by  a  POOR  SCHOLAR. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  4,  1854. 


DRYDEN    ON    SHAKSPERE. 

"  Dryden  may  be  properly  considered  as  the  father  of 
English  criticism,  as  the  writer  who  first  taught  us  to 
determine  upon  principles  the  merit  of  composition,"  — 
Samuel  JOHNSON. 

No  one  of  the  early  prose  testimonies  to  the 
genius  of  Shakspere  has  been  more  admired  than 
that  which  bears  the  signature  of  John  Dryden. 
I  must  transcribe  it,  accessible  as  it  is  elsewhere, 
for  the  sake  of  its  juxtaposition  with  a  less-known 
metrical  specimen  of  the  same  nature. 

"  He  [Shakspere]  was  the  man  who  of  all  modern, 
and  perhaps  ancient  poets,  had  the  largest  and  most 
comprehensive  soul.  All  the  images  of  nature  were 
still  present  to  him,  and  he  drew  them  not  laboriously, 
but  luckily  :  when  he  describes  any  thing,  you  more 
than  see  it,  you  feel  it  too.  Those  who  accuse  him  to 
have  wanted  learning,  give  him  the  greater  com- 
mendation  :  he  was  naturally  learned ;  he  needed  not 
the  spectacles  of  books  to  read  nature  ;  he  looked  in- 
wards, and  found  her  there.  I  cannot  say  he  is  every 
where  alike ;  were  he  so,  I  should  do  him  injury  to 
compare  him  with  the  greatest  of  mankind.  He  is 
many  times  flat,  insipid ;  his  comic  wit  degenerating 
into  clenches,  his  serious  swelling  into  bombast.  But 
he  is  always  great  when  some  great  occasion  is  pre- 
sented to  him  :  no  man  can  say  he  ever  had  a  fit  sub- 
ject for  his  wit,  and  did  not  then  raise  himself  as  high 
above  the  rest  of  poets, 

'  Quantum  lenta  solent  inter  viburna  cupressi.' " 
John  DRYDEN,   Of  dramatich  poesie,  an  essay. 

London,  1668.    4to.  p.  47. 

The  metrical  specimen  shall  now  take  its  place. 

Though  printed  somewhat  later  than  the  other,  it 

has  a  much  better  chance  of  being  accepted  as  a 

rarity  in  literature. 

Prologue  to  IULIUS  CAESAR. 

"  In  country  beauties  as  we  often  see 
Something  that  takes  in  their  simplicity, 
Yet  while  they  charm  they  know  not  they  are  fair, 
And  take  without  their  spreading  of  the  snare  — 
Such  artless  beauty  lies  in  Shakespear's  wit ; 
'Twas  well  in  spite  of  him  whate'er  he  writ. 
His  excellencies  came,  and  were  not  sought, 
His  words  like  casual  atoms  made  a  thought ; 
Drew  up  themselves  in  rank  and  file,  and  writ, 
He  wondering  how  the  devil  it  were,  such  wit. 
Thus,  like  the  drunken  tinker  in  his  play, 
He  grew  a  prince,  and  never  knew  which  way. 
He  did  not  know  what  trope  or  figure  meant, 
But  to  persuade  is  to  be  eloquent ; 
So  in  this  Ccesar  which  this  day  you  see, 
Tully  ne'er  spoke  as  he  makes  Anthony. 
Those  then  that  tax  his  learning  are  to  blame, 
He  knew  the  thing,  but  did  not  know  the  name ; 
Great  lohnson  did  that  ignorance  adore, 
And  though  he  envied  much,  admir'd  him  more. 


The  faultless  lohnson  equally  writ  well ; 

Shakespear  made  faults — but  then  did  more  excel. 

One  close  at  guard  like  some  old  fencer  lay, 

T'other  more  open,  but  he  shew'd  more  play. 

In  imitation  Johnson's  wit  was  shown, 

Heaven  made  his  men,  but  Shakespear  made  his  own. 

Wise  Johnsons  talent  in  observing  lay, 

But  others'  follies  still  made  up  his  play. 

He  drew  the  like  in  each  elaborate  line, 

But  Shakespear  like  a  master  did  design. 

lohnson  with  skill  dissected  human  kind, 

And  show'd  their  faults,  that  they  their  faults  might 

find; 

But  then,  as  all  anatomists  must  do, 
He  to  the  meanest  of  mankind  did  go, 
And  took  from  gibbets  such  as  he  would  show. 
Both  are  so  great,  that  he  must  boldly  dare 
Who  both  of  them  does  judge,  and  both  compare  j 
If  amongst  poets  one  more  bold  there  be, 
The  man  that  dare  attempt  in  either  way,  is  he." 
Covent  Garden  drolery,  London,  1672.     8°  p.  9. 

A  short  historical  comment  on  the  above  ex- 
tracts is  all  that  must  be  expected.  The  rest  shall 
be  left  to  the  critical  discernment  of  those  persons 
who  may  be  attracted  by  the  heading  of  this  Note 
—  Dryden  on  Shakspere. 

When  Johnson  wrote  his  preface  to  Shakspere, 
he  quoted  the  first  of  the  above  extracts  to  prove 
that  the  plays  were  once  admired  without  the  aid 
of  comment.  This  was  written  in  1765.  In  1769 
Garrick  placed  the  same  extract  at  the  head  of  his 
collection  of  undeniable  prose-testimonies  to  the 
genius  of  Shakspere.  Johnson  afterwards  pro- 
nounced it  to  be  "a  perpetual  model  of  enco- 
miastic criticism  ; "  and  Malone  quoted  it  as  an 
admirable  character  of  Shakspere.  Now,  admir- 
able as  it  is,  I  doubt  if  it  can  be  considered  as 
expressive  of  the  deliberate  opinion  of  Dryden. 
The  essayist  himself,  in  his  epistolary  address  to 
lord  Buckhurst,  gives  a  caution  on  that  point. 
He  observes,  "  All  I  have  said  is  problematical." 
In  short,  the  essay  Of  dramatick  poesie  is  in  the 
form  of  a  dialogue — and  a  dialogue  is  "a  chace 
of  wit  kept  up  on  both  sides." 

I  proceed  to  the  second  extract.  —  Who  wrote 
the  Prologue  to  Julius  Ccesar  ?  To  what  master- 
hand  are  we  to  ascribe  this  twofold  specimen  of 
psychologic  portraiture  ?  Take  up  the  dramatic 
histories  of  Langbaine  a^d  Baker ;  take  up  the 
Theatrical  register  of  the  reverend  Charles  Burney ; 
take  up  the  voluminous  Some  account  of  the 
reverend  John  Genest ;  examine  the  mass  of  com- 
mendatory verses  in  the  twenty-one-volume  edi- 
tions of  Shakspere  ;  examine  also  the  commenda- 
tory verses  in  the  nine-volume  edition  of  Ben. 
Jonson.  Here  is  the  result  :  Langbaine  calls 
attention  to  the  prologue  in  question  as  an  excel- 
lent prologue,  and  Genest  repeats  what  had  been 
said  one  hundred  and  forty  years  before  by 
Langbaine.  There  is  not  the  slightest  hint  on 
its  authorship. 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


I  must  therefore  leave  the  stronghold  of  facts 
and  advance  into  the  field  of  conjecture.  /  ascrib 
the  prologue  to  John  Dryden. 

It  appears  by  the  list  of  plays  altered  from 
Shakspere,  as  drawn  up  by  Steevens  and  Reed 
that  Julius  Ctesar  had  been  altered  by  sir  William 
D'Avenant  and  Dryden  jointly,  and  acted  at  the 
Theatre-royal  in  Drury-lane.  It  would  therefore 
seem  probable  that  one  of  those  poets  wrote  the 
prologue  on  that  occasion.  Nevertheless,  it  does 
not  appear  in  the  works  of  either  poet. 

The  Works  of  sir  William  D'Avenant  were 
edited  by  Mr.  Herringman,  with  the  sanction  oi 
lady  D'Avenant,  in  1673  ;  and  its  exclusion  so 
far  decides  the  question. 

The  non-appearance  of  it  in  the  Poems  of 
Dryden,  as  published  by  Mr.  Tonson  in  1701,  is 
no  disproof  of  the  claim  which  I  advocate.  The 
volume  contains  only  twenty  prologues  and  epi- 
logues —  but  Dryden  wrote  twice  that  number ! 

I  shall  now  produce  some  circumstantial  evi- 
dence in  favour  of  Dryden.  It  is  derived  from  an 
examination  of  the  volume  entitled  Covent  Garden 
drolery.  This  small  volume  contains  twenty-two 
prologues  or  epilogues,  and  more  than  fifty  songs 
—  all  anonymous,  but  said  to  be  written  by  the 
refinedest  wits  of  the  age.  We  have,  1 .  A  prologue 
and  epilogue  to  the  Maiden  queen  of  Dryden  — 
not  those  "printed  in  1668  ;  2.  A  prologue  and 
epilogue  to  the  Parson's  wedding  of  Thomas  Killi- 
grew ;  3.  A  prologue  and  epilogue  to  the  Mar- 
riage a  la  mode  of  Dryden  —  printed  with  the 
play  in  1673  ;  4.  The  prologue  to  JULIUS  CAESAR  ; 
5.  A  prologue  to  the  Wit  without  money  of  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher  —  printed  in  the  Poems  of 
Dryden,  1701  ;  6.  A  prologue  to  the  Pilgrim  of 
Fletcher — not  that  printed  in  1700.  These  pieces 
occupy  the  first  twelve  pages  of  the  volume.  It 
cannot  be  requisite  to  give  any  further  account  of 
its  contents. 

I  waive  the  question  of  internal  evidence ;  but 
have  no  misgiving,  on  that  score,  as  to  the  opinion 
which  may  henceforth  prevail  on  the  validity  of 
the  claim  now  advanced  in  favour  of  Dryden. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  observes,  with  reference  to 
the  essay  Of  dramatick  poesie,  "  The  contrast  of 
Ben.  Jonson  and  Shakspere  is  peculiarly  and 
strikingly  felicitous."  He  could  have  said  no  less 
—  whatever  he  might  have  said  as  to  its  author- 
ship —  had  he  seen  the  Prologue  to  Julius  Caesar. 

BOLTON  CORNET. 


PARTY  SIMILES  OF  THE  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY  ! 


NO.  I.  "  FOXES  AND  FIREBRANDS. 
TROJAN  HORSE." 


NO.  ii.  "THE 


(Continued  from  Vol.  viii.,  p.  488.) 

The  following  works  I  omitted  to  mention  in 
my  last   Note   from  want  of  room.     The  first 


is  by  that  amiable  Nimrod,  John  Bale,  Bishop  of 
Ossory  : 

"  Yet  a  Course  at  the  Romyshe  Foxe,  &c.  Com- 
pyled  by  Julian  Harrison.  Zurich.  1543.  4to." 

The  four  following  are  by  William  Turner, 
M.D.,  who  also  wrote  under  an  assumed  name  : 

"  The  Huntyng  of  the  Romishe  Foxe,  &c.  By 
William  Wraughton.  Basil.  1543." 

"  The  Rescuynge  of  the  Romishe  Foxe,  &c.  Win- 
chester. 1545.  8vo." 

"  The  Huntyng  of  the  Romyshe  Wolfe-  8vo. 
1554  (?)." 

"  The  Huntyng  of  the  Foxe  and  Wolfe,  &c.     8vo." 

The  next  is  the  most  important  work,  and  I 
give  the  title  in  full : 

"  The  Hunting  of  the  Romish  Fox,  and  the  Quench- 
ing of  Sectarian  Firebrands.  Being  a  Specimen  of 
Popery  and  Separation.  Collected  by  the  Honourable 
Sir  James  Ware,  Knight,  out  of  the  Memorials  of 
Eminent  Men,  both  in  Church  and  State:  A.  B. 
Cranmer,  A.  B.  Usher,  A.  B.  Parker,  Sir  Henry 
Sidney,  A.  B.  Abbot,  Lord  Cecil,  A.  B.  Laud,  and 
others.  And  now  published  for  the  Public  Good.  By 
Robert  Ware,  Gent.  Dublin.  1683.  12tno.  pp.  248." 

The  work  concludes  with  this  paragraph  : 

"  Now  he  that  hath  given  us  all  our  hearts,  give 
unto  His  Majesties  subjects  of  these  nations  an  heart  of 
unity,  to  quash  division  and  separation  ;  of  obedience,  to 
quench  the  fury  of  rebellious  firebrands  :  and  a  heart 
of  constancy  to  the  Reformed  Church  of  England,  the 
>etter  to  expel  Popery,  and  to  confound  dissention. 
Amen." 

The  last  work,  with  reference  to  the  first  simile 
of  my  note,  which  I  shall  mention,  is  that  by 
Zephaniah  Smith,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  En- 
glish Antinomians  : 

"  The  Doome  of  Heretiques ;  or  a  Discovery  of 
Subtle  Foxes  who  wer  tyed  Tayle  to  Tayle,  and  crept 
nto  the  Church  to  doe  Mischiefe,  &c.  Lond.  1648."* 


*  The  titles  of  these  books  remind  one  of  "  a  merry 
isport,"  which  formerly  took  place  in  the  hall  of  the 
nner  Temple.     "  At  the  conclusion  of  the  ceremony, 
huntsman  came  into  the  hall  bearing  a  fox,  a  purse- 
et,  and  a  cat,  both  bound  at  the  end  of  a  staff,  attended 
>y  nine  or  ten  couples  of  hounds  with  the  blowing  of 
uinting-horns.     Then  were  the  fox  and  cat  set  upon 
nd  killed  by  the  dogs  beneath  the  fire,  to  the  no  small 
)leasure  of  the  spectators."     One  of  the  masque-names 
n   this    ceremony  was  "  Sir  Morgan   Mtimchance,  of 
Much  Monkery,  in  the  county  of  Mad  Popery." 

In  Ane  Compendious  Sake  of  Godly  and  Spiritual 
Songs,  Edinburgh,  1621,  printed  from  an  old  copy,  are 
the  following  lines,  seemingly  referring  to  some  such 
pageant : 

*«  The  Hunter  is  Christ  that  hunts  in  haist, 
The  Hunds  are  Peter  and  Pawle, 
The  Paip  is  the  Fox,  Rome  is  the  Rox 
That  rubbis  us  on  the  gall." 
See  Hone's  Year-Booh,  p.  1513. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


With  regard  to  the  second  simile,  see  — 

"  The  Trojan  Horse,  or  the  Presbyterian  Govern- 
ment Unhowelled.  London.  1646.  4to.  By  Henry 
Parker  of  Lincoln's  Inn." 

"  Comprehension  and  Toleration  Considered,  in  a 
Sermon  on  Gal.  ii.  5.  By  Dr.  South." 

"  Remarks  on  a  Bill  of  Comprehension.  London. 
1684.  By  Dr.  Hickes." 

"  The  New  Distemper,  or  The  Dissenters'  Usual 
Pleas  for  Comprehension,  Toleration,  and  the  Re- 
nouncing the  Covenant,  Considered  and  Discussed. 
Non  Quis  sed  Quid.  London.  1680.  12mo.  Second 
Edition.  Pp.  184.  (With  a  figurative  frontispiece, 
representing  the  *  Ecclesia  Anglicana.')  " 

The  first  edition  was  published  in  1675.  Thomas 
Tomkins,  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College,  was  the 
author ;  but  the  two  editions  are  anonymous. 

As  to  the  Service  Book,  see  the  curious  work 
of  George  Lightbodie : 

"  Against  the  Apple  of  the  Left  Eye  of  Antichrist ; 
or  The  Masse-Booke  of  Lurking  Darknesse  ( The 
Liturgy*),  making  Way  for  the  Apple  of  the  Right 
Eye  of  Antichrist,  the  Compleate  Masse-Booke  of 
Palpable  Darknesse.  London.  1638.  8vo." 

Baylie's  Parallel  (before  referred  to)  was  a 
popular  work  ;  it  was  first  printed  London,  1641, 
in  4to. ;  and  reprinted  1641,  1642,  1646,  1661. 

As  to  "  High  Church  "  and  "  Low  Church,"  see 
an  article  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  last  Oc- 
tober, on  "  Church  Parties,"  and  the  following 
works : 

"  The  True  Character  of  a  Churchman,  showing  the 
False  Pretences  to  that  Name.  By  Dr.  West."  (No 
date.  1702?)  Answered  by  Sacheverell  in  "The 
Character  of  a  Low  Churchman.  4to.  1702."  "Low 
Churchmen  vindicated  from  the  Charge  of  being  no 

The  symbolism  of  the  brute  creation  is  copiously 
employed  in  Holy  Scripture  and  in  ancient  writings,  and 
furnishes  a  magazine  of  arms  in  all  disputes  and  party 
controversies.  Thus,  the  strange  sculptures  on  mise- 
reres, &c.  are  ascribed  to  contests  between  the  secular 
and  regular  clergy :  and  thus  Dryden,  in  his  polemical 
poem  of  The  Hind  and  the  Panther,  made  these  two 
animals  symbolise  respectively  the  Church  of  Rome 
and  the  Church  of  England,  while  the  Independents, 
Calvinists,  Quakers,  Anabaptists,  and  other  sects  are 
characterised  as  wolves,  bears,  boars,  foxes  —  all  that  is 
odious  and  horrible  in  the  brute  creation. 

"  A  Jesuit  has  collected  An  Alphabetical  Catalogue  of 
the  Names  of  Beasts  by  which  the  Fathers  characterised 
the  Heretics.  It  may  be  found  in  Erotemata  de  mails 
ac  bonis  Lilris,  p.  93.,  4to.,  1653,  of  Father  Raynaud. 
This  Lst  of  brutes  and  insects,  among  which  are  a 
variety  of  serpents,  is  accompanied  by  the  names  of  the 
heretics  designated."  (See  the  chapter  in  D'Israeli's 
Curios.  Lit.  on  "  Literary  Controversy,"  where  many 
other  instances  of  this  kind  of  complimentary  epithets 
are  given,  especially  from  the  writings  of  Luther, 
Calvin,  and  Beza.) 


Churchmen.     London.     1706.     8vo.     By  John  Hand- 
cock,  D.D.,  Rector  of  St.  Margaret's,  Lothbury." 

"  Inquiry  into  the  Duty  of  a  Low  Churchman. 
London.  1711.  8vo."  (By  James  Peirce,  a  Noncon- 
formist divine,  largely  quoted  in  The  Scourge :  where 
he  is  spoken  of  as  "  A  gentleman  of  figure,  of  the  most 
apostolical  moderation,  of  the  most  Christian  temper, 
and  is  esteemed  as  the  Evangelical  Doctor  of  the  Pres- 
byterians in  this  kingdom,"  &c.  —  P.  342.) 

He  also  wrote : 

"  The  Loyalty,  Integrity,  and  Ingenuity  of  High 
Churchmen  and  Dissenters,  and  their  respective 
Writers,  Compared.  London.  1719.  8vo." 

See  also  the  following  periodical,  which  Lowndes 
thus  describes : 

"  The  Independent  Whig.  From  Jan.  20,  1719-20, 
to  Jan.  4,  1721.  53  Numbers.  London.  Written  by 
Gordon  and  Trenchard  in  order  to  oppose  the  High 
Church  Party;  1732-5,  12mo.,  2  vols. ;  1753,  12mo., 
4  vols." 

Will  some  correspondent  kindly  furnish  me 
with  the  date,  author's  name,  &c.,  of  the  pam- 
phlet entitled  Merciful  Judgments  of  High  Church 
Triumphant  on  Offending  Clergymen  and  others  in 
the  Reign  of  Charles  J;f  * 

I  omitted  Wordsworth's  lines  in  my  first  note : 

"  High  and  Low, 
Watchwords  of  party,  on  all  tongues  are  rife  ; 

As  if  a  Church,  though  sprung  from  heaven,  must 

owe 
To  opposites  and  fierce  extremes  her  life  ;  — 

Not  to  the  golden  mean  and  quiet  flow 
Of  truths,  that  soften  hatred,  temper  strife." 

Wordsworth,  and  most  Anglican  writers  down 
to  Dr.  Hook,  are  ever  extolling  the  Golden  Mean, 
and  the  moderation  of  the  Church  of  England.  A 
fine  old  writer  of  the  same  Church  (Dr.  Joseph 
Beaumont)  seems  to  think  that  this  love  of  the 
Mean  can  be  carried  too  far  : 

"  And  witty  too  in  self-delusion,  we 
Against  highstreined  piety  can  plead, 
Gravely  pretending  that  extremity 
Is  Vice's  clime ;  that  by  the  Catholick  creed 
Of  all  the  world  it  is  acknowledged  that 
The  temperate  mean  is  always  Virtue's  seat.  1 
Hence  comes  the  race  of  mongrel  goodness;  hence 
Faint  tepidness  usurpeth  fervour's  name  ; 
Hence  will  the  earth-born  meteor  needs  commence, 
In  his  gay  glaring  robes,  sydereal  flame ; 
Hence  foolish  man,  if  moderately  evil, 
Dreams  he's  a  saint  because  he's  not  a  devil." 
Psyche,  cant.  xxi.  4,  5. 


[*  We  are  enabled  to  give  the  remainder  of  the  title 
and  the  date: — "  Together  with  the  Lord  Falkland's 
Speech  in  Parliament,  1640,  relating  to  that  subject : 
London,  printed  for  Ben.  Bragg,  at  the  Black  Raven 
in  Paternoster  Row.  1710." — ED.] 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


Cf.    Bishop    Taylor's    Life    of    Christ,    part    i. 
sect.  v.  9.  JARLTZBERG. 

'   Nov.  28,  1853. 

P.S. — Not  having  the  fear  of  Sir  Roger  Twisden 
or  MR.  THOMAS  COLLIS  before  my  eyes,  I  ad- 
visedly made  what  the  latter  gentleman  is  pleased 
to  term  a  "loose  statement"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  631.), 
when  I  spoke  of  the  Church  of  England  separating 
from  Rome.  As  to  the  Romanists  "  conforming  " 
for  the  first  twelve  (or  as  some  have  it  nineteen) 
years  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  the  less  said  about  that 
the  better  for  both  parties,  and  especially  for  the 
dominant  party.* 

MR.  COLLIS'S  dogmatic  assertions,  that  the  Ro- 
man Catholics  "  conformed  "  for  the  twelve  years, 
and  that  Popes  Paul  IV.  and  Pius  IV.  offered  to 
confirm  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  if  ^Elizabeth 
would  acknowledge  the  papal  supremacy,  are  evi- 
dently borrowed,  word  for  word,  from  Dr.  Words- 
worth's f  Tkeophilus  Anglicanus,  cap.  vii.  p.  219.  A 
careful  examination  of  the  evidence  adduced  in 
support  of  the  latter  assertion,  shows  it  to  be  of 
the  most  flimsy  description,  and  refers  it  to  its 


*  See  the  authorities  given  by  Mr.  Palmer,  Church 
of  Christ,  3rd  ed.,  Lond.  1842,  pp.  347^349.  ;  and 
Mr.  Percival  On  the  Roman  Schism :  see  also  Tierney's 
Dodd,  vols.  ii.  and  iii. 

A  full  and  impartial  history  of  the  "  conformity  "  of 
Roman  Catholics  and  Puritans  during  the  penal  laws 
is  much  wanting,  especially  of  the  former  during  the 
first  twelve  years  of  Elizabeth.  With  the  Editor's  per- 
mission I  shall  probably  send  in  a  few  notes  on  the 
latter  subject,  with  a  list  of  the  works  for  and  against 
outward  conformity,  which  was  published  during  that 
period.  (See  Bp.  Earle's  character  of  "  A  Church 
Papist,"  Microcosmography,  Bliss's  edition,  p.  29.) 

f  It  is  painful  to  see  party  spirit  lead  aside  so 
learned  and  estimable  a  man  as  Dr.  Wordsworth,  and 
induce  him  to  convert  a  ridiculous  report  into  a  grave 
and  indisputable  matter  of  fact.  The  more  we  know, 
the  greater  is  our  reverence  for  accuracy,  truthfulness, 
and  candour  ;  and  the  older  we  grow  in  years  and 
wisdom,  the  more  we  estimate  that  glorious  motto  — 
Audi  alteram  partem. 

What  are  our  ordinary  histories  of  the  Reformation 
from  Burnet  to  Cobbett  but  so  many  caricatures  ? 
Would  that  there  were  more  Maitlands  in  the  English 
Church,  and  more  Pascals  and  Pugins  in  the  Roman ! 

Let  me  take  this  occasion  to  recommend  to  the 
particular  attention  of  all  teandid  inquirers  a  little 
brochure,  by  the  noble-minded  writer  last  named,  en- 
titled An  Earnest  Address  on  the  Establishment  of  the 
Hierarchy,  by  A.  Welby  Pugin  :  Lond.  Dolman,  1851. 
And  let  me  here  inquire  whether  this  lamented  writer 
completed  his  New  View  of  an  Old  Subject;  or,  the 
English  Schism  impartially  Considered,  which  he  adver- 
tised as  in  preparation  ? 

I  should  mention,  perhaps,  that  Sir  Roger  Twisden's 
book  was  reprinted  in  1847  :  I  have,  however,  met 
with  the  original  edition  only. 


true  basis,  viz.  hearsay :  the  reasoning  and  infer- 
ences which  prop  the  evidence  are  equally  flimsy. 

Fuller,  speaking  of  this  report,  says  that  it 
originated  with  "  some  who  love  to  feign  what 
they  cannot  find,  that  they  may  never  appear  to 
be  at  a  loss."  (Ch.  Hist.,  b.  ix.  69.) 

As  the  question  at  issue  is  one  of  great  his- 
torical importance,  I  am  prepared,  if  called  on,  to 
give  a  summary  of  the  case  in  all  its  bearings; 
for  the  present  I  content  myself  with  giving  the 
following  references : 

"  Sir  Roger  Twisden's  Historical  Vindication  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  point  of  Schism,  as  it  stands 
separated  from  the  Roman.  Lond.  1675." — P.  175. 

"Bp.  Andrewes'  Tortura  Torti.  Lond.  1609."  — 
P.  142. 

"  Parallel  Torti  et  Tortoris."— P.  241. 

"  Abp.  Bramhall  ag.  Bp.  Chal."  —  Ch.  ii.  (vol.  ii. 
p.  85.,  Oxf.ed.) 

"  Sir  E.  Cook's  Speech  and  Charge  at-  Norwich 
Assizes.  1607." 

"  Babington  upon  Numbers.  Lond.  1615." — Ch.vii. 
§  2.  p.  35. 

'•'  Servi  Fidelis  subdito  inndeli  Responsis,  apud 
Johannem  Dayum.  Lond.  1573."  (In  reply  to 
Saunders'  De  Visibili  Monarchia.} 

"  Camd.  Annal.  an.  1560.  Lond.  1639."— Pt.  I. 
pp.  47.  49. 

(See  also  Heylin,  303.;  Burnet,  ii.  387.; 
Strype,  Annal.  ch.  xix. ;  Tierney's  Dodd,  ii.  147.) 

The  letter  which  the  pontiff  did  address  to 
Elizabeth  is  given  in  Fuller,  ix.  68.,  and  Dodd, 
ii.  app.  xlvii.  p.  cccxxi. 

N.  B.— In  the  P.  S.  to  my  last  note,  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  156.,  was  a  misprint  for  Vol.  v. 


DUTCH  EAST  INDIA  COMPANY.  SLAVERY  IN 

ENGLAND. 

Having  come  across  an  old  Daily  Post  of  Thurs- 
day, August  4,  1720,  I  send  you  the  following 
cuttings  from  it,  which  perhaps  you  may  think 
worth  insertion : 

"  Hague,  August  9. 

"  It  was  on  the  5th  that  the  first  of  our  East-India 
ships  appear'd  off  of  the  Texel,  four  of  the  ships  came 
to  an  anchor  that  evening,  nine  others  kept  out  at  sea 
till  day-light,  and  came  up  with  the  flood  the  next 
morning,  and  four  more  came  in  this  afternoon ;  but 
as  they  belong  to  the  Chambers  of  Zealand,  and  other 
towns,  its  thought  they  will  stand  away  for  the  Maese. 
This  fleet  is  very  rich,  and  including  the  single  ship 
which  arriv'd  about  a  fortnight  since,  and  one  still  ex- 
pected, are  valued  at  near  seven  millions  of  guilders 
prime  cost  in  the  Indies,  not  reckoning  the  freight  or 
value  at  the  sale,  which  may  be  suppos'd  to  make 
treble  that  sum." 

"  We  have  an  account  from  Flanders,  that  two  ships 
more  are  come  in  to  Ostend  for  the  new  East  India 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


Company  there;  it  is  said,  these  ships  touch  no  where 
after  they  quit  the  coast  of  Malabar  till  they  come 
upon  the  coast  of  Guinea,  where  they  put  in  for  fresh 
water  ;  and  as  for  those  which  come  from  China,  they 
water  on  the  bank  of  the  Island  of  Ceylon,  and  again 
on  the  east  shore  of  Madagascar;  but  that  none  of 
them  touch  either  at  the  Cape  de  bon  Esperance,  or 
at  St.  Helena,  not  caring  to  venture  falling  into  the 
hands  of  any  of  the  Dutch  or  other  nations  trading  to 
the  east.  These  ships  they  say  are  exceedingly  rich, 
and  the  captains  confirm  the  account  of  the  treaty 
which  one  of  their  former  captains  made  with  the 
Great  Mogul,  for  the  settling  a  factory  on  his  do- 
minions, and  that  with  very  advantageous  conditions ; 
what  the  particulars  may  be  we  yet  know  not." 

"  Went  away  the  22d  of  July  last,  from  the  house 
of  William  Webb  in  Limehouse  Hole,  a  negro  man, 
about  twenty  years  old,  call'd  Dick,  yellow  complec- 
tion,  wool  hair,  about  five  foot  six  inches  high,  having 
on  his  right  breast  the  word  HARE  burnt.  Whoever 
brings  him  to  the  said  Mr.  Webb's  shall  have  half  a 
guinea  reward,  and  reasonable  charges." 

JAMES  GRAVES. 

Kilkenny. 


ORIGINAL  ROYAL   LETTERS  TO  THE  GRAND  MASTERS 
OF    MALTA. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  viii.,  p.  558.) 

I  arn  now  enabled  to  forward,  according  to  my 
promise,  literal  translations,  so  far  as  they  could 
be  made,  of  three  more  letters,  which  were 
written  in  the  Latin  language,  and  addressed  by 
Henry  VIII.  to  the  Grand  Masters  of  Malta.  The 
first  two  were  directed  to  Philip  de  Villiers  L'Isle 
Adam,  and  the  last  to  his  successor  Pierino  Du- 
pont,  an  Italian  knight,  who,  from  his  very  ad- 
vanced age,  and  consequent  infirmity,  was  little 
disposed  to  accept  of  the  high  dignity  which  his 
brethren  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem 
had  unanimously  conferred  upon  him.  The  life 
of  Dupont  was  spared  "long  enough,"  not  only  for 
him  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  expedition  which 
Charles  V.  sent  against  Tunis  at  his  suggestion, 
to  reinstate  Muley  Hassan  on  the  throne  of  that 
kingdom,  but  also  to  see  his  knights  return  to  the 
convent  covered  with  glory,  and  galleys  laden 
with  plunder. 

No.  IV.     Fol.  6th. 

Henry  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England  and 
France,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  and  Lord  of 
Ireland,  to  our  Reverend  Father  in  Christ, 
Dominus  F.  de  Villiers  L'Isle  Adam,  our  most 
dear  friend  — -  Greeting  : 

For  a  long  period  of  time,  Master  Peter  Vanes,  of 
Luca,  has  been  serving  as  private  secretary ;  and 
as^we  have  always  found  his  service  loving  and 
faithful,  we  not  only  love  him  from  our  heart, 
and  hold  him  dear,  but  we  are  also  extremely  de- 


sirous of  his  interest  and  advancement.  As  he 
has  declared  to  us  that  his  most  ardent  wish  is  by 
our  influence  and  favour  to  be  in  some  way  in- 
vested with  honour  in  his  own  country,  we  have 
most  willingly  promised  to  do  for  him  in  this  mat- 
ter whatever  lay  in  our  power ;  and  we  trust  that 
from  the  good  offices  which  your  most  worthy 
Reverence  has  always  received  from  us,  this  our 
desire  with  regard  to  promoting  the  aforesaid 
Master  Peter  will  be  furthered,  and  the  more 
readily  on  this  account,  because  what  we  beg  for 
may  be  granted  without  injury  to  any  one.  Since, 
then,  a  certain  Dominus  Livius,  concerning  whom 
your  Reverend  Lordship  will  be  more  fully  in- 
formed by  our  same  Secretary,  is  in  possession  of 
a  Priory 'in  the  Collegiate  Church  of  SS.  John 
and  Riparata  in  the  city  of  Luca,  we  most  earnestly 
desire  that  the  said  Livius,  through  your  Reverend 
Lordship's  intercession,  may  resign  the  said  Priory 
and  Collegiate  Church  to  our  said  Latin  Secretary, 
on  this  condition,  however,  that  your  Reverend 
Lordship,  as  a  special  favour  to  us,  will  provide 
the  said  Dominus  Livius  with  a  Commandery  of 
equal  or  of  greater  value.  We  therefore  most 
earnestly  entreat  that  you  will  have  a  care  of  this 
matter,  so  that  we  may  obtain  the  object  of  our 
wishes  ;  and  we  shall  be  greatly  indebted  to  your 
Reverend  Lordship,  to  whom,  when  occasion  offers, 
we  will  make  a  return  for  the  twofold  favour,  in  a 
matter  of  like  or  of  greater  moment. 
May  all  happiness  attend  you. 
From  our  palace  of  Greenwich, 
13th  day  of  January,  1526, 

Your  good  friend, 

HENRY  REX. 

No.  V.    Fol.  9th. 

Henry  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England  and 
France,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  and  Lord  of 
Ireland,  to  our  Reverend  Father  in  Christ, 
Dominus  F.  de  Villiers  L'Isle  Adam,  our  most 
dear  friend  —  Greeting  : 

Although,  by  many  proofs,  we  have  often  before 
been  convinced  that  your  Reverend  Lordship, 
and  your  venerable  Brethren,  after  the  loss  of 
Rhodes,  have  had  nothing  more  to  heart  than  that 
by  your  actions  you  might  deserve  most  highly  of 
the  Christian  republic,  and  that  you  might  some- 
times give  proof  of  this  by  your  deeds,  that  you 
have  zealously  sought  for  some  convenient  spot 
where  you  might  at  length  fix  your  abode ;  never- 
theless, what  we  have  lately  learnt  from  the  let- 
ters of  your  Reverend  Lordship,  and  from  the 
conversation  and  prudent  discourse  of  your  vener- 
able Brother  De  Dentirville  has  caused  us  the 
greatest  joy  ;  and  although,  with  regard  to  the 
recovery  of  Rhodes,  complete  success  has  not  an- 
sw^ered  your  intentions,  nevertheless  we  think  that 
this  your  Order  of  Jerusalem  has  always  wished 
to  seek  after  whatever  it  has  judged  might  in  any 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


manner  tend  to  the  propagation  of  the  Catholic 
Faith  and  the  tranquillity  of  the  Christian  Re- 
public. But  that  his  Imperial  Majesty  has  granted 
to  your  Order  the  island  of  Malta,  Gozo,  and 
Tripoli,  we  cannot  but  rejoice  ;  places  which,  as  we 
hear,  are  most  strongly  fortified  by  nature,  and 
most  excellently  adapted  for  repelling  the  attacks 
of  the  Infidels,  should  have  now  come  into  your 
hands,  where  your  Order  can  assemble  in  all 
safety,  recover  its  strength,  and  settle  and  con- 
firm its  position.*  And  we  wish  to  convince  you 


*  H.  M.  Henry  VIII.  was  certainly  labouring  under 
an  error,  when  supposing  that  the  islands  of  Malta  and 
Gozo  "  were  strongly  fortified  by  nature,  and  excel- 
lently adapted  for  repelling  the  attacks  of  the  infidels  ;" 
as  in  truth  nature  had  done  nothing  for  their  defence, 
unless  it  be  in  furnishing  an  abundance  of  soft  stone 
with  its  yellow  tinge,  of  which  all  their  fortifications 
are  built. 

When  L'Isle  Adam  landed  at  Malta  in  October, 
1530,  it  was  with  the  rank  of  a  monarch  ;  and  when, 
in  company  with  the  authorities  of  the  island,  "he 
appeared  before  its  capital,  and  swore  to  protect  its 
inhabitants,  the  gates  of  the  old  city  were  opened,  and 
he  was  admitted  with  the  knights  ;  the  Maltese  de- 
claring to  them  their  fealty,  without  prejudice  to  the 
interests  of  Charles  V.,  to  whom  they  had  heretofore 
been  subject."  Never,  since  the  establishment  of  the 
Order,  had  the  affairs  of  the  Hospitallers  appeared 
more  desperate  than  at  this  period.  For  the  loss  of 
Rhodes,  so  famed  in  its  history,  so  prized  for  its  sin- 
gular fertility,  and  rich  and  varied  fruits ;  an  island 
which,  as  De  Lamartine  so  beautifully  expressed  it, 
appeared  to  rise  "like  a  bouquet  of  verdure  out  of  the 
bosom  of  the  sea,"  with  its  groves  of  orange  trees,  its 
sycamores  and  palms ;  what  had  L'Isle  Adam  received 
in  return,  but  an  arid  African  rock,  without  palaces  or 
dwellings,  without  fortifications  or  inland  streams,  and 
which,  were  it  not  for  its  harbours,  would  have  been 
as  difficult  to  hold  as  it  would  have  been  unworthy  of 
his  acceptance.  (Vertot.) 

A  person  who  has  never  been  at  Malta  can,  by  read- 
ing its  history,  hardly  picture  to  himself  the  change 
which  the  island  underwent  for  the  better,  under  the 
long  and  happy  rule  of  the  Order  of  St.  John.  Look 
whither  one  will,  at  this  day,  he  sees  some  of  the  most 
perfect  fortresses  in  the  world,  —  fortifications  which  it 
took  millions  of  money  to  erect ;  and  two  hundred  and 
fifty  years  of  continual  toil  and  labour,  before  the  work 
on  them  was  finished.  As  a  ship  of  war  now  enters 
the  great  harbour,  she  passe^  immediately  under  the 
splendid  castles  of  St.  Elmo,  Ricasoli,  and  St.  Angelo. 
Going  to  her  anchorage,  she  "comes  to"  under  some 
one  of  the  extensive  fortifications  of  the  Borgo,  La 
Sangle,  Burmola,  Cotonera,  and  La  Valetta.  In  all 
directions,  and  at  all  times,  she  is  entirely  commanded 
by  a  line  of  walls,  which  are  bristling  with  cannon 
above  her.  Should  the  more  humble  merchantman  be 
entering  the  small  port  of  Marsamuscetto,  to  perform 
her  quarantine,  she  also  is  sailing  under  St.  Elmo  and 
Florianna  on  the  one  side,  and  forts  Tigne  and  Manoel 
on  the  other ;  from  the  cannon  of  which  there  is  no 


that  fresh  increase  is  daily  made  to  the  affection 
with  which  we  have  always  cherished  this  Order 
of  Jerusalem,  inasmuch  as  we  perceive  that  your 
actions  have  been  directed  to  a  good  and  upright 
end,  both  because  these  undertakings  of  your 
Reverend  Lordship,  and  of  your  venerable  Bre- 
thren, are  approved  by  us  as  highly  beneficial  and 
profitable  ;  and  because  we  trust  that  your  favour 
and  protection  will  ever  be  ready  to  assist  our 
nation,  if  there  be  any  need ;  nor  shall  we  on  our 
part  be  ever  wanting  in  any  friendly  office  which 
we  can  perform  towards  preserving  and  protect- 
ing your  Order,  as  your  Reverend  Lordship  will 
gather  more  at  length  of  our  well  affected  mind 
towards  you  from  Dominus  Dentirville,  the  bearer 
of  these  presents. 

May  all  happiness  attend  you. 

From  our  Palace  at  Hampton  Court, 
The  22nd  day  of  November,  1530. 
Your  good  friend, 

HENRY  REX^ 
No.  VI. 

Henry  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England  and 
France,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  and  Lord  of 
Ireland,  to  our  Reverend  Father  in  Christ,. 
Don  Pierino  de  Ponte,  Grand  Master  of  Jeru- 
salem, t- 

Our  most  dear  friend — Greeting  : 
We  had  conceived  so  great  a  hope  and  opinion 
of  the  probity,  integrity,  and  prudence  of  your 
predecessor,  that,  from  his  care  and  vigilance,  we 
securely  trusted  that  the  business  and  affairs  of 
this  your  Order,  which  hitherto  has  always  wont 
to  be  of  no  slight  assistance  to  our  most  Holy 
Faith,  and  to  the  Christian  name,  would  as  far 
as  was  needful  have  been  amended  and  settled 
most  quietly  and  effectually  with  God  and  his 
Holy  Religion.  From  the  love  then  and  affection 
which  we  have  hitherto  shown  in  no  ordinary 
manner  to  your  Order,  for  the  sake  of  the  pro- 
pagation of  the  Christian  Faith,  we  were  not  a 
little  grieved  at  the  death  of  your  predecessor, 
because  we  very  much  feared  that  serious  loss 
would  in  consequence  be  entailed  on  that  Religion. 
But  since,  both  from  your  letters  and  from  the 
discourse  of  others,  we  now  hear  that  your  vener- 
able Brethren  agreed  by  their  unanimous  voice 
and  consent  to  choose  your  Reverence  as  the 


escape.  But  besides  these  numerous  fortifications,  the 
whole  coast  of  the  island  is  protected  by  forts  and  bat- 
teries, towers  and  redoubts.  We  name  those  of  the 
Red  Tower,  the  Melleha,  St.  Paul,  St.  Julien,  Marsa 
Sirocco,  and  St.  Thomas  ;  only  to  show  how  thoroughly 
the  knights  had  guarded  their  convent,  and  how  totally 
different  the  protection  of  the  Maltese  was  under  their 
rule,  from  what  it  was  when  they  first  landed  ;  and 
found  them  with  their  inconsiderable  fort,  with  one 
cannon  and  two  falconets,  which,  as  Boisgelin  has  men- 
tioned, was  their  only  defence. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


101 


person  to  whom  the  care  and  government  of  so 
weighty  an  office  should  be  intrusted,  considering 
this  dignity  to  be  especially  worthy  of  you  and 
your  spirit  of  Religion,  we  cannot  but  sincerely 
be  glad  ;  and  rejoice  especially  if,  by  your  eminent 
virtues,  it  shall  be  effected  that  only  such  matters 
shall  be  undertaken,  and  presided  over  by  the 
strength  and  counsels  of  the  Order  of  Jerusalem, 
as  are  most  in  accordance  with  the  True  Religion 
of  Christ  our  Redeemer,  and  best  adapted  to  the 
propagation  of  his  doctrine  and  Faith.  And  if 
you  shall  seriously  apply  your  mind  to  this,  as 
you  are  especially  bound  to,  we  shall  by  no  means 
repent  of  the  favours  which  we  have  bestowed 
neither  seldom  nor  secretly  upon  this  your  Order, 
nay  rather  this  object  shall  be  attained  that  you 
shall  have  no  reason  to  think  that  you  have  been 
foiled  in  that  your  confidence,  and  in  our  protec- 
tion and  the  guardianship  which  we  extend  over 
your  concerns  through  reverence  for  the  Almighty 
God.  And  we  shall  not  find  that  this  guardian- 
ship and  protection  of  your  Order,  assumed  by  us, 
has  been  borne  for  so  long  a  period  by  us  without 
any  fruit. 

Those  things  which  the  Reverend  Prior  of  our 
Kingdom,  and  the  person  who  brought  your  Re- 
verend Lordship's  letter  to  us,  have  listened  to 
with  attention  and  kindness,  and  returned  an 
answer  to,  as  we  doubt  not  will  ba  intimated  by 
them  to  your  Reverend  Lordship. 

May  all  happiness  attend  you. 

From  our  Palace  at  Westminster, 
The  17th  day  of  November,  1534. 
HENRY  REX. 

From  the  date  and  superscription  of  the  above 
truly  Catholic  letter,  it  will  be  seen  that  it  was 
written  about  the"  period  of  the  Reformation  in 
England,  and  addressed  to  the  Grand  Master  of  an 
Order,  which  for  four  centuries  had  been  at  all 
times  engaged  in  Paynim  war ;  and  won  for  itself 
among  the  Catholic  powers  of  Europe,  by  its  many 
noble  and  daring  achievements,  the  style  and  title 
of  being  the  "bulwark  of  the  Christian  faith." 
Bound  as  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem 
were  in  all  ages  to  pay  a  perfect  obedience  to  the 
Roman  Pontiffs,  it  is  not  surprising  that  this  should 
be  the  last  letter  which  we  have  found  filed  away 
in  the  archives  of  their  Order,  bearing  the  auto- 
graph of  Henry  VIII.  WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 

La  Valetta,  Malta. 


ENAREANS. 


When  Psammeticus  turned  back  the  conquering 
Scythians  from  their  contemplated  invasion  of 
Egypt,  some  stragglers  of  the  rear-guard  plun- 
dered the  temple  of  Venus  Urania  at  Ascalon. 
The  goddess  punished  this  sacrilege  by  inflicting 


on  the  Scythian  nation  the  "female  disease." 
Herodotus,  from  whom  we  learn  this,  says  : 

"  The  Scythians  themselves  confess  that  their  coun- 
trymen suffer  this  malady  in  consequence  of  the  above 
crime ;  their  condition  also  may  be  seen  by  those  who 
visit  Scythia,  where  they  are  called  Enareae." —  Beloe's 
Translation,  vol.  i.  p.  112.,  ed.  8vo. 

And  again,  vol.  ii.  p.  261.,  Hippocrates  says  : 

"  There  are  likewise  among  the  Scythians,  persons 
who  come  into  the  world  as  eunuchs,  and  do  all  the 
work  of  women;  they  are  called  Enarasans,  or  wo- 
manish," &c. 

It  would  occupy  too  much  space  to  detail  here  all 
the  speculations  to  which  this  passage  has  given 
rise ;  sufficient  for  us  be  the  fact,  that  in  Scythia 
there  were  men  who  dressed  as,  and  associated 
with,  the  women ;  that  they  were  considered  as 
victims  of  an  offended  female  deity  ;  and  yet, 
strange  contradiction !  they  were  revered  as 
prophets  or  diviners,  and  even  acquired  wealth  by 
their  predictions,  &c.  (See  Universal  History^ 
xx.  p.  15.,  ed.  8vo.) 

The  curse  still  hangs  over  the  descendants  of 
the  Scythians.  Reineggo  found  the  "  female  dis- 
ease "  among  the  Nogay  Tatars,  who  call  persons 
so  afflicted  "  Choss."  In  1797-8,  Count  Potocki 
saw  one  of  them.  The  Turks  apply  the  same 
term  to  men  wanting  a  beard.  (See  Klaproth's 
Georgia  and  Caucasus,  p.  160.,  ed.  4to.)  From 
the  Turkish  use  of  the  word  "  choss,"  we  may  infer 
that  Enareans  existed  in  the  cradle  of  their  race, 
and  that  the  meaning  only  had  suffered  a  slight 
modification  on  their  descent  from  the  Altai.  De 
Pauw,  in  his  Recherches  sur  les  Americains,  without 
quoting  any  authority,  says  there  are  men  in  Mo- 
gulistan,  who  dress  as  women,  but  are  obliged  to 
wear  a  man's  turban. 

It  must  be  interesting  to  the  ethnologist  to 
find  this  curse  extending  into  the  New  World, 
and  actually  now  existing  amongst  Dr.  Latham's 
American  Mongolia1®.  It  would  be  doubly  in- 
teresting could  we  trace  its  course  from  ancient 
Scythia  to  the  Atlantic  coast.  In  this  attempt, 
however,  we  have  not  been  successful,  a  few 
isolated  facts  only  presenting  themselves  as  pro- 
bably descending  from  the  same  source.  The  re- 
lations of  travellers  in  Eastern  Asia  offer  nothing 
of  the  sort  among  the  Tungusi,  Yakuti,  &c.  The 
two  Mahometans  (A.D.  833,  thereabout),  speaking 
of  Chinese  depravity,  assert  that  it  is  somehow 
connected  with  the  worship  of  their  idols,  &c. 
(Harris1  Collection,  p.  443.,  ed.  fol.)  Sauer  men- 
tions boys  dressed  as  females,  and  performing  all 
the  domestic  duties  in  common  with  the  women, 
among  the  Kodiaks  ;  and  crossing  to  the  American 
coast,  found  the  same  practised  by  the  inhabitants 
of  Oonalashka  (ed.  4to.,  pp.  160.  176.).  More 
accurate  observation  might  probably  detect  its 
existence  amongst  intermediate  tribes,  but  want 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


of  information  obliges  us  here  to  jump  at  once 
over  the  whole  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  then  we  find  Enareanism  (if  I  may  so  term  it) 
extending  from  Canada  to  Florida  inclusive,  and 
thence  at  intervals  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 

Most  of  the  earlier  visitors  to  America  have 
noticed  the  numerous  hermaphrodites  everywhere 
met  with.  De  Pauw  (who,  I  believe,  never  was 
in  America)  devotes  a  whole  chapter  to  the  sub- 
ject in  his  Recherches  sur  les  Americains,  in  which 
he  talks  a  great  deal  of  nonsense.  It  assisted 
his  hypothesis,  that  everything  American,  in  the 
animal  and  vegetable  kingdoms,  was  inferior  to 
their  synonymes  in  the  Old  World. 

The  calm  and  more  philosophical  observation  of 
subsequent  travellers,  however,  soon  discovered 
that  the  so-called  hermaphrodites  were  men  in 
female  attire,  associating  with  the  women,  and 
partaking  of  all  their  labours  and  occupations. 
Pere  Hennepin  had  already  mentioned  the  cir- 
cumstance (Amstel.  ed.  in  12mo.,  p.  219.),  but 
he  seems  to  have  had  no  idea  of  the  practice  being 
in  any  way  connected  with  religion.  Charlevoix 
went  a  step  farther,  for  speaking  of  those  he  met 
with  among  the  Illinois,  he  says  : 

"  On  a  pretendu  que  cet  usage  venait  de  je  ne  sals 
quel  principe  de  la  religion,  mais  cette  religion  avait, 
comme  bien  d'autres,  prit  sa  naissance  dans  la  corruption 
du  cceur,"  &c. 

Here  he  stopped,  not  caring  to  inform  himself  as 
to  the  real  origin  of  the  usage.  Lafitau  says  these 
so-called  hermaphrodites  were  numerous  in  Loui- 
siana, Florida,  Yucatan,  and  amongst  the  Sioux, 
Illinois,  &c. ;  and  goes  on,  — 

"  II  y  a  de  jeunes  gens  qui  prennent  1'habit  de  femme 
qu'ils  gardent  toute  leur  vie,  et  qui  se  croyent  ho- 
norez  de  s'abaisser  a  toutes  leurs  occupations  ;  ils  ne 
se  marient  jatnais,  ils  assistent  a  tous  les  exercises  ou 
la  religion  semble  avoir  part,  et  cette  profession  de  vie 
extraordinaire  les  fait  passer  pour  des  gens  d'un  ordre 
superieur  et  au-dessus  du  commun  des  homines,"  &c. 

Are  not  these,  he  asks,  the  same  people  as  those 
Asiatic  worshippers  of  Cybele  ?  or  those  who,  ac- 
cording to  Julius  Firmicus,  consecrated  them- 
selves, the  one  to  the  Phrygian  goddess,  the  others 
to  Venus  Urania? — priests  who  dressed  as  women, 
&c.  (See  Moeurs  des  Sauvages  americains}  vol.  i. 
p.  52.,  ed.  4to.,  Paris,  1724.)  He  farther  tells  us 
that  Vasco  Nunez  de  Baltfao  met  many  of  them, 
and  in  the  fury  of  his  religious  zeal  had  them  torn 
to  pieces  by  dogs.  Was  this  in  DarSen  ?  I  be- 
lieve neither  Heckewelder,  Adair,  Golden,  nor 
J.  Dunn  Hunter,  mention  this  subject,  though 
they  must  all  have  been  aware  of  the  existence  of 
Enareans  in  some  one  or  more  of  the  tribes  with 
which  they  were  acquainted  ;  and  I  do  not  re- 
member having  ever  met  with  mention  of  them 
among  the  Indian  nations  of  New  England,  and 
Tanner  testifies  to  their  existence  amongst  the 


Chepewa  and  Ottawa  nations,  by  whom  they  are 
called  A-go-kwa.  Catlin  met  with  them  among 
the  Sioux,  and  gives  a  sketch  of  a  dance  in  honour 
of  the  I-coo-coo,  as  they  call  them.  Southey 
speaks  of  them  among  the  Guayacuru  under  the 
name  of  "  Cudinas,"  and  so  does  Von  Martius. 
Captain  Fitzroy,  quoting  the  Jesuit  Falkner,  says 
the  Patagonian  wizards  (query  priests)  are  dressed 
in  female  attire  :  they  are  chosen  for  the  office 
when  young,  preference  being  given  to  boys 
evincing  a  feminine  disposition. 

Lafitau's  conjecture  as  to  the  connexion  between 
these  American  Enareans  and  the  worshippers  of 
Venus  Urania,  seems  to  receive  some  confirmation 
from  our  next  evidence,  viz.  in  Major  Long's 
Expedition  to  St.  Peter's  River,  some  of  these 
people  were  met  with,  and  inquiry  being  made 
concerning  them,  it  was  ascertained  that  — 

"  The  Indians  believe  the  moon  is  the  residence  of  a 

hostile  female  deity,  and  should  she  appear  to  them  in 

their  dreams,  it  is  an  injunction  to  become  Cina?di, 

and  they  immediately  assume  feminine  attire." — Vol.  i. 

|  p.  216. 

i  Farther  it  is  stated,  that  two  of  these  people  whom 
j  they  found  among  the  Sauks,  though  generally 
held  in  contemp^,  were  pitied  by  many  — 

"  As  labouring  under  an  unfortunate  destiny  that 
they  cannot  avoid,  being  supposed  to  be  impelled  to 
this  course  by  a  vision  from  the  female  spirit  that 
resides  in  the  moon,"  &c.  —  Vol.  i.  p.  227. 

Venus  Urania  is  placed  among  the  Scythian 
deities  by  Herodotus,  under  the  name  "  Artim- 
pasa."  We  are,  for  obvious  reasons,  at  liberty  to 
conjecture  that  the  adoption  of  her  worship,  and 
the  development  of  "  the  female  disease,"  may 
have  been  contemporaneous,  or  nearly  so.  It 
were  needless  entering  on  a  long  story  to  show  the 
connexion  between  Venus  and  the  moon,  which 
was  styled  Urania,  Juno,  Jana,  Diana,  Venus,  &c. 
Should  it  be  conceded  that  the  American  Mon- 
golidce  brought  with  them  this  curse  of  Scythia, 
the  date  of  their  emigration  will  be  approximated, 
since  it  must  have  taken  place  subsequently  to 
the  affair  of  Ascalon,  or  between  400  or  500 
years  B.C. 

The  adoption  of  female  attire  by  the  priesthood, 
however,  was  not  confined  to  the  worshippers  of 
Venus  Urania ;  it  was  widely  spread  throughout 
Heathendom;  so  widely  that,  as  we  learn  from 
Tacitus,  the  priests  of  the  Naharvali  (in  modern 
Denmark)  officiated  in  the  dress  of  women.  Like 
many  other  heathenish  customs  and  costumes, 
traces  of  this  have  descended  to  our  own  times  ; 
such,  for  example,  may  have  been  the  exchange 
of  dresses  on  New  Year's  Eve,  &c.  :  see  Drake's 
Shakspeare  and  his  Times,  vol.  i.  p.  124.,  ed.  4to. 
And  what  else  is  the  effeminate  costume  of  the 
clergy  in  many  parts  of  Europe,  the  girded 
waist,  and  the  petticoat-like  cassock,  but  a  re- 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


lique  of  the  ancient  priestly  predilection  for  female 
attire  ?  A.  C.  M. 


Russia  and  Turkey.  —  The  following  paragraph 
from  an  old  newspaper  reads  with  a  strange  signi- 
ficance at  the  present  time  : 

"  The  last  advices  from  Leghorn  describe  the  genius 
of  discord  still  prevailing  in  the  unfortunate  city  of 
Constantinople,  the  people  clamouring  against  their 
rulers,  and  the  janissaries  ripe  for  insurrection,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  backwardness  of  the  Porte  to  commence 
hostilities  with  Russia." —  English  Chronicle,  or  Uni- 
versal Evening  Post,  February  6th  to  8th,  1783. 

J.  LOCKE. 

Social  Effects  of  the  severe  Weather,  Jan.  3 
and  4,  1854. — The  daily  and  local  newspapers 
have  detailed  many  public  incidents  of  the  severe 
weather  of  the  commencement  of  1854:  such  as 
snow  ten  yards  deep  ;  roads  blocked  up ;  mails 
delayed  ;  the  streets  of  the  metropolis,  for  a  time, 
impassible  ;  omnibuses  with  four  horses  ;  Hansom 
cabs  driven  tandem,  &c.  The  effects  of  the  storms 
of  snow,  socially,  were  not  the  least  curious.  In 
the  neighbourhood  of  Manchester  seventy  persons 
were  expected  at  an  evening  party,  one  only 
arrived.  At  another  house  one  hundred  guests 
were  expected,  nine  only  arrived.  Many  other 
readers  of  your  valuable  paper  have,  no  doubt, 
made  similar  notes,  and  will  probably  forward 
them.  ROBEET  RAWLINSON. 

Star  of  Bethlehem. — Lord  Nugent,  in  his  Lands, 
Classical  and  Sacred,  vol.  ii.  p.  18.,  says  : 

"  The  spot  shown  as  the  place  of  the  Nativity,  and 
that  of  the  manger,  both  of  which  are  in  a  crypt  or 
subterraneous  chapel  under  the  church  of  St.  Katherine, 
are  in  the  hands  of  the  Roman  Catholicks.  The  former 
is  marked  by  this  simple  inscription  on  a  silver  star 
set  in  the  pavement : 

'  Hie  de  Virgine  Maria  Jesus  Christus  natus  est.'" 

The  Emperor  of  the  French,  as  representative 
of  the  Latin  Church,  first  raised  the  question  of 
the  sacred  places,  now  likely  to  involve  the  Pent- 
archy  of  Europe  in  a  quasi  civil  war,  by  attempt- 
ing, through  the  authority  of  the  Sultan  of  Turkey, 
to  restore  the  above  inscription,  which  had  been 
defaced,  as  is  supposed,  by  the  Greek  Christians ; 
and  thereby  encountering  the  opposition  of  the 
Emperor  of  the  Russias,  who  claims  to  represent 
the  Eastern  Church.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Birmingham. 

Origin  of  the  Word  "  Cant"  —  From  the  Mer- 
curius  Publicus  of  Feb.  28,  1661,  Edinburgh  : 

"  Mr,  Alexander  Cant,  son  to  Mr.  Andrew  Cant 
(who  in  his  discourse  De  Excommunicate  trucidando 
maintained  that  all  refusers  of  the  Covenant  ought  to 


be  excommunicated,  and  that  all  so  excommunicated 
might  lawfully  be  killed),  was  lately  deposed  by  the 
Synod  for  divers  seditious  and  impudent  passages  in 
his  sermons  at  several  places,  as  at  the  pulpit  of 
Banchry  ;  '  That  whoever  would  own  or  make  use  of 
a  service-book,  king,  nobleman,  or  minister,  the  curse 
of  God  should  be  upon  him.' 

"  In  his  Grace  after  Meat,  he  praid  for  those  phana- 
ticques  and  seditious  ministers  (who  are  now  secured) 
in  these  words,  '  The  Lord  pity  and  deliver  the  precious 
prisoners  who  are  now  suffering  for  the  truth,  and  close 
up  the  mouths  of  the  Edomites,  who  are  now  rejoicing ; ' 
with  several  other  articles  too  long  to  recite." 

From  these  two  Cants  (Andrew  and  Alexander) 
all  seditious  praying  and  preaching  in  Scotland  i» 
called  "  Canting."  J.  B. 

Epigram  on  Four  Lawyers.  — It  used  to  be 
said  that  four  lawyers  were  wont  to  go  down  from 
Lincoln's  Inn  and  the  Temple  in  one  hackney 
coach  for  one  shilling.  The  following  epigram 
records  the  economical  practice : 

"  Causidici  curru  felices  quatuor  uno 
Quoque  die  repetunt  limina  nota  'fori.' 
Quanta  sodalitium  prsestabit  commoda !  cui  non 
Contigerint  socii  cogitur  ire  pedes." 

See  Poemata  Anglorum  Latina,  p.  446.  Lemma, 
"  Defendit  numerus."  —  Juv.  J.  W.  FARRER. 


CONTRIBUTORS    TO    "  KNIGHT*  S    QUARTERLY 
MAGAZINE." 

I  shall  feel  exceedingly  obliged  if  you  or  any  of 
your  correspondents  will  inform  me  who  were  the 
writers  in  Knighfs  Quarterly  Magazine,  bearing 
the  following  fictitious  signatures:  —  1.  Marma- 
duke  Villars ;  2.  Davenant  Cecil ;  3.  Tristram 
Merton  ;  4.  Irvine  Montagu  ;  5.  Gerard  Mont- 
gomery ;  6.  Henry  Baldwin  ;  7.  Joseph  Haller ; 
S.Peter  Ellis;  9.  Paterson  Aymer  ;  10.  Eustace 
Heron;  11.  Edward  Haselfoot ;  12.  William 
Payne  ;  13.  Archibald  Frazer ;  14.  Hamilton 
Murray;  15.  Charles  Pendragon ;  16.  Lewis 
Willoughby  ;  17.  John  Tell ;  18.  Edmund  Bruce  ; 
19.  Reginald  Holyoake ;  20.  Richard  Mills;  21. 
Oliver  Medley ;  22.  Peregrine  Courtenay ;  23. 
Vyvyan  Joyeuse  ;  24.  Martin  Lovell ;  25.  Martin 
Danvers  Heaviside. 

I  fear  I  have  given  you  so  long  a  list  as  to  deter 
you  from  replying  to  my  inquiry  ;  but  if  you  can- 
not spare  time  or  space  to  answer  me  fully,  I  have 
numbered  the  writers  in  such  a  way  as  that  you 
may  be  induced  to  give  the  numbers  without  the 
names,  except  you  think  that  many  of  your  readers 
would  be  glad  to  have  the  information  given  to 
them  which  I  ask  of  you. 

Tristram  Merton  is  T.  B.  Macaulay,  who  wrote 
several  sketches  and  five  ballads  in  the  Magazine  ; 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223, 


indeed,  it  was  in  it  that  his  fine  English  ballads 
first  appeared. 

Peregrine  Courtenay  was  the  late  Winthrop 
Mackworth  Praed,  who  was,  I  believe,  its  editor. 

Henry  Nelson  Coleridge  and  John  Moultire 
were  also  contributors,  but  under  what  signatures 
they  wrote  I  cannot  tell. 

Knight's  Quarterly  Magazine  never  extended 
beyond  three  volumes,  and  it  is  now  a  rather 
scarce  book.  Any  light  you  can  throw  upon  this 
subject  will  have  an  interest  for  most  people,  and 
will  be  duly  appreciated  by  E.  H. 

Leeds. 


THE    STATIONERS     COMPANY   AND   ALMANACK. 

Having  recently  had  occasion  to  consult  the 
Lansdown  MSS.,  No.  905.,  a  volume  containing 
documents  formerly  belonging  to  Mr.  Umfreville, 
I  observed  the  following  : 

"  Ordinances,  constitutions,  rules,  and  articles  made 
by  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber  relating  to  Printers  and 
Printing,  Jan.  23,  anno  28  Eliz." 

Appended  to  these  ordinances,  &c.  is  a  statement 
from  which  I  have  made  the  following  extracts  : 
"  Via0  Januarii,  1583. 

"  Bookes  yeilded  into  the  hands  and  disposition  of 
the  Master,  Wardens,  and  Assistants  of  the  Mysterie 
of  the  Stationers  of  London  for  the  releife  of  yc  poore 
of  ye  saide  companie  according  to  the  discretion  of  the 
Master,  Wardens,  and  Assistants,  or  the  more  parte  of 
them. 

"  Mr.  Barker,  her  Maties  printer,  hath  yeilded  unto 
the  saide  disposition  and  purpose  these  bookes  follow- 
ing :  viz. 

"  The  first  and  second  volume  of  Homelies. 

"  The  whole  statutes  at  large,  wth  ye  pamble  as  they 
are  now  extant. 

"  The  Paraphrases  of  Erasmus  upon  ye  Epistles  and 
Gospells  appoynted  to  be  readd  in  Churches. 

"  Articles  of  Religion  agreed  upon  1562  for  ya 
Ministers. 

"  The  Several  Injunctions  and  Articles  to  be  en- 
quired of  through  ye  whole  Realme. 

"  The  Profitt  and  Benefite  of  the  two  most  vendible 
volumes  of  the  New  Testament  in  English,  commonlie 
called  Mr.  Cheekes'  translation  :  that  is,  in  the  volume 
called  Octavo,  wth  Annotaciops  as  they  be  now  :  and 
in  the  volume  called  Decimo  Sexto  of  the  same  trans- 
lation wthout  notes,  in  the  Brevier  English  letter  only. 

"  Provided  that  Mr.  Barker  himselfe  print  the  sayde 
Testaments  at  the  lowest  value  by  the  direction  of  the 
Master  and  Wardens  of  the  Company  of  Stationers  for 
the  tyme  being.  Provided  alwaye  that  Mr.  Barker 
do  reteyn  some  small  number  of  these  for  diverse  ser- 
vices in  her  Maties  Courtes  or  ....  [MS.  illegible] 
and  lastlye  that  nothing  that  he  yeildeth  unto  by 
meanes  aforesaide  be  preiudiciall  to  her  Matles  highe 
prerogative,  or  to  any  that  shall  succeed  in  the  office 
of  her  Matlef  printer." 


The  other  printers  named  are,  Mr.  Totell,  Mr. 
Watkins,  Mr.  John  Daye,  Mr.  Newberye,  and 
Henrie  Denham. 

I  wish  to  raise  a  Query  upon  the  following  : 

"  Mr.  Watkins,  now  Wardein,  hath  yeilded  to  the 
disposcion  and  purpose  aforesaide  this  that  followeth : 
viz. 

"  The  Broad  Almanack ;  that  is  to  say,  the  same  to 
be  printed  on  one  syde  of  a  sheete,  to  be  sett  on  walls 
as  usuallie  it  hath  ben?." 

Query  1.  Is  this  Broad  Almanack  the  original 
of  the  present  Stationers'  Almanack  ? 

2.  When  was  this  Broad  Almanack  first  issued  ? 

3.  When  were  sheet  almanacks,  printed  on  one 
side  of  a  sheet,  first  published  ?  B.  H.  C. 

P.  S.— The  books  enumerated  in  this  MS., 
under  the  other  printers'  names,  are  some  of  them 
very  curious,  and  others  almost  unknown  at  the 
present  time. 


John  Bunyan.  —  The  following  advertisement  is 
copied  from  the  Mercurius  Reformatus  of  June  11, 
1690,  vol.  ii.  No1 27. : 

"  Mr.  John  Bunyan,  Author  of  the  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress, and  many  other  excellent  Books,  that  have  found 
great  Acceptance,  hath  left  behind  him  Ten  Manu- 
scripts prepared  by  himself  for  the  Press  before  his 
Death  :  His  Widow  is  desired  to  print  them  (with 
some  other  of  his  Works,  which  have  been  already 
printed,  but  are  at  present  not  to  be  had),  which  will 
make  together  a  Book  of  10*.  in  sheets,  in  Fol.  All 
persons  who  desire  so  great  and  good  a  Work  should 
be  performed  with  speed,  are  desired  to  send  in  5s.  for 
their  first  Payment  to  Dorman  Newman,  at  the  King's 
Arms  in  the  Poultrey,  London :  Who  is  empower'd  to 
give  Receipts  for  the  same." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  say  whether  such  a 
publication  as  that  which  is  here  proposed  ever 
took  place  :  that  is,  a  publication  of  "  ten  manu- 
scripts," of  which  none  had  been  previously 
printed  ?  S.  R.  MAITLAND. 

Gloucester. 

Tragedy  ly  Mary  Leapor. — In  the  second 
volume  of  Poems  by  Mary  Leapor,  8vo.,  1751, 
there  is  an  unfinished  tragedy,  begun  by  the 
authoress  a  short  time  before  her  death.  Can 
you  give  me  the  name  of  this  drama  (if  it  has 
any),  and  names  of  the  dramatis  personce  ?  A.  Z. 

Repairing  old  Prints,  —  N.  J.  A.  will  feel 
thankful  to  any  one  who  will  give  him  directions 
for  the  cleaning  and  repairing  of  old  prints,  or 
refer  him  to  any  book  where  he  can  obtain  such 
information.  He  wishes  especially  to  learn  how 
to  detach  them  from  old  and  worn-out  mountings. 

N.J.A. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


Arch-priest  in  the  Diocese  of  Exeter.  —  I  am 
informed  that  there  is,  in  the  diocese  of  Exeter,  a 
dignitary  who  is  called  the  Arch-priest,  and  that 
he  has  the  privilege  of  wearing  lawn  sleeves  (that 
is  of  course,  properly,  of  wearing  a  lawn  alb),  and 
also  precedence  in  all  cases  next  after  the  Bishop. 

Can  any  of  your  Devonian  readers  give  addi- 
tional particulars  of  his  office  or  his  duties  ?  They 
would  be  useful  and  interesting.  W.  FKASER. 

Tor-Mohun. 

Medal  in  honour  of  the  Chevalier  de  St.  George. 
—  It  appears  that  Prince  James  (styled  the  Che- 
valier de  St.  George)  served  in  several  campaigns 
in  the  Low  Countries  under  the  Marquis  de  Torcy. 
On  one  occasion,  when  the  hostile  armies  were 
encamped  on  the  banks  of  the  Scarpe,  medals 
were  struck,  and  distributed  among  the  English, 
bearing,  besides  a  bust  of  the  prince,  an  inscription 
relating  to  his  bravery  on  a  former  occasion.  Are 
any  of  these  now  in  existence  ?  They  would  pro- 
bably be  met  with  in  those  families  whose  an- 
cestors served  under  Marlborough.  A.  S. 

Robert  Bloet.  —  Can  you  certify  me  whether  it 
is  received  as  an  undoubted  historical  fact  that 
"Robertas,  comes  Moritoniensis,"  William  the 
Conqueror's  uterine  brother,  was  identical  with 
Robert  Bloet,  afterwards  Chancellor  and  Bishop 
of  Lincoln?  J.  SANSOM. 

Sir  J.  Wallace  and  Mr.  Browne.  —  I  inclose  an 
extract  from  The  English  Chronicle  or  Universal 
Evening  Post,  February  6th  to  February  8th,  1783. 
Can  any  of  your  learned  correspondents  state  the 
result  of  the  fracas  between  Mr.  Browne  and  Sir 
J.  Wallace  ? 

"  Yesterday  about  one  o'clock,  Sir  J s  W e 

and  Lieutenant  B e,  accidentally  meeting  in  Par- 
liament Street,  near  the  Admiralty  Gate,  Mr.  B e, 

the  moment  he  saw  Sir  J s,  took  a  stick  which  a 

gentleman  he  was  in  company  with  held  in  his  hand, 

and,  after  a  few  words  passing,  struck  Sir  J s,  and 

gave  him  a  dreadful  wound  in  the  forehead  ;  they  closed, 
and  Sir  J s,  who  had  no  weapon,  made  the  best  de- 
fence possible,  but  being  a  weaker  man  than  his  anta- 
gonist, was  overpowered.  Mr.  B e,  at  parting,  told 

Sir  J s,  if  he  had  anything  to  say  to  him,  he  would 

be  found  at  the  Salopian  Coffee  House.  An  account  of 
this  transaction  being  communicated  to  Sir  Sampson 

"Wright,  he  sent  Mr.  Bond  after  Mr.  B e,  who  found 

him  at  the  Admiralty,  and  delivered  the  magistrate's 
compliments,  at  the  same  time  requesting  to  see  him 

in  Bow  Street.  Mr.  B e  promised  to  wait  upon  Sir 

Sampson,  but  afterwards  finding  that  no  warrant  had 
issued,  did  not  think  it  incumbent  on  him  to  comply, 
and  so  went  about  his  avocations. 

"  Sir  J s's  situation  after  the  fracas  very  much 

excited  the  compassion  of  the  populace  ;  they  beheld 
that  veteran  bleeding  on  the  streets,  who  had  so  often 
gloriously  fought  the  battles  of  his  country!  The 
above  account  is  as  accurate  as  we  could  learn  j  but 


should  there  be  any  trivial  misstatement,  we  shall  be 
happy  in  correcting  it,  through  the  means  of  any  of  our 
readers  who  were  present  on  the  spot. 

"  Sir  James  Wallace  has  not  only  given  signal  proofs 
of  his  bravery  as  a  naval  officer,  but  particularly  in  a 
duel  with  another  marine  officer,  Mr.  Perkins,  whom, 
he  fought  at  Cape  Fran 90 is ;  each  taking  hold  of  the 
end  of  a  handkerchief,  fired,  and  although  the  balls 
went  through  both  their  bodies,  neither  of  the  wounds 
proved  mortal  !  The  friars  at  Cape  Francois,  with 
great  humanity,  took  charge  of  them  till  they  were 
cured  of  their  wounds." 

J.  LOCKE. 

Dublin. 

Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester.  —  I  should  be 
glad  if  any  of  your  correspondents  would  refer 
me  to  an  authentic  account  of  the  death  of  Robert 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  Queen  Elizabeth's 
favourite.  He  is  said  by  some  to  have  been  ac- 
cidentally poisoned  by  his  wife ;  by  others  pur- 
posely, by  some  of  his  adherents.  This  affair, 
though  clouded  in  mystery,  appears  not  to  have 
been  particularly  inquired  into.  Likewise  let  me 
ask,  on  what  authority  is  Stanfield  Hall,  Norfolk 
(the  scene  of  a  recent  tragedy),  described  as  the 
birthplace  of  Amy  Robsart,  the  unfortunate  first 
wife  of  this  same  nobleman  ?  A.  S. 

Abbott  Families. —  Samuel  Abbott,  of  Sudbury, 
in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  gentleman,  lived  about 
1670.  Can  any  of  your  genealogical  contributors 
inform  me  if  he  was  in  any  way  connected  with  the 
family  of  Archbishop  Abbott,  or  otherwise  eluci- 
date his  parentage  ?  It  may  probably  be  interesting 
to  persons  of  the  same  name  to  be  acquainted  that 
the  pears  worn  by  many  of  the  Abbot  family  are 
merely  a  corruption  of  the  ancient  inkhorns  of 
the  Abbots  of  Northamptonshire,  and  impaled  in. 
Netherheyford  churchyard,  same  county,  on  the 
tomb  of  Sir  Walt.  Mauntele,  knight,  and  his  wife 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Abbot,  Esq.,  1487, 
viz.  a  chev.  between  three  inkhorns.  The  resem- 
blance between  pears  and  inkhorns  doubtless 
occasioned  the  error.  I  believe  the  ancient  bottles 
of  Harebottle  were  similarly  corrupted  into  icicles. 

J.  T.  ABBOTT. 

Darlington. 

Authorship  of  a  Ballad.  —  ID.  the  Manchester 
Guardian  of  Jan.  7,  the  author  of  a  stanza,  writ- 
ten on  the  execution  of  Thos.  Syddale,  is  desired  ; 
as  also  the  remainder  of  the  ballad.  From  what 
quarter  is  either  of  these  more  likely  to  be  ob- 
tained than  from  "N.  &  Q.  ?  " 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON-. 

Elias  Petley.  —  What  is  known  of  the  life  or 
works  of  Elias  Petley,  priest,  who  dedicated  to 
Archbishop  Laud  his  translation  of  the  English 
Liturgy  into  Greek.  The  book  was  published  at 
the  press  of  Thomas  Cotes,  for  Richard  Whitaker, 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


at  the   King's  Arms,   St.  Paul's   churchyard,  in 
1638.     Is  it  remarkable  for  rarity  or  merit  ? 

J.  O.  B. 
Wicken. 

Canaletto's  Views  round  London.  —  Antonio 
Canaletto,  the  painter  of  Venice,  the  destruction 
of  one  of  whose  most  powerful  works  has  been  of 
late  the  subject  of  so  much  agitation,  was  here 
amongst  us  in  this  city  one  hundred  years  since ; 
as  seen  by  his  proposal  in  one  of  the  journals  of 
1752: 

"  Signior  Canaletto  gives  notice  that  he  has  painted 
Chelsea  College,  Ranelagh  House,  and  the  River 
Thames ;  which,  if  any  gentleman,  or  others,  are  pleased 
to  favour  him  with  seeing  the  same,  he  will  attend  at 
his  lodgings  at  Mr.  Viggans,  in  Silver  Street,  Golden 
Square,  from  fifteen  days  from  this  day,  July  31,  from 
8  to  1,  and  from  3  to  6  at  night,  each  day." 

Here  is  that  able  artist's  offer  in  his  own  terms,  if, 
not  his  own  words. 

I  have  to  inquire,  are  these  pictures  left  here  to 
the  knowledge  of  your  readers  ?  did  he,  in  short, 
find  buyers  as  well  as  admirers  ?  or,  if  not,  did  he 
return  to  Venice  with  those  (no  doubt)  vividly 
pictured  recollections  of  our  localities  under  his 
arm  ?  GONDOLA. 

A  Monster  found  at  Maidstone.  —  In  Kilburne's 
Survey  of  Kent,  4to.  1659,  under  "  Maidstone,"  is 
the  following  passage : 

"  Wat  Tiler,  that  idol  of  clownes,  and  famous  rebell 
in  the  time  of  King  Richard  the  Second,  was  of  this 
town;  and  in  the  year  1206  about  this  town  was  a 
monster  found  stricken  with  lightning,  with  a  head 
like  an  asse,  a  belly  like  a  man,  and  all  other  parts  far 
different  from  any  known  creature,  but  not  approach- 
able nigh  unto,  by  reason  of  the  stench  thereof." 

No  mention  of  this  is  made  by  Lambarde  in  his 
Perambulation  of  Kent.  Has  this  been  traditional, 
or  whence  is  Kilburne's  authority  ?  And  what 
explanation  can  be  offered  of  the  account  ? 

H.W.D. 

Page. — What  is  the  derivation  of  this  word  ? 
In  the  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities, 
'edited  by  Dr.  W.  Smith,  1st  edit.,  p.  679.,  it  is 
said  to  be  from  the  Greek  TraiSaywybs,  pcedagogus. 
But  in  an  edition  of  Tacitus,  with  notes  by^ Box- 
horn  (Amsterdam,  1662),  ifris  curiously  identified 
with  the  word  boy,  and  traced  to  an  eastern 
source  thus  :  —  Persian,  bagoa;  Polish,  pokoigo; 
Old  German,  Pagie,  Bagh,  Bai ;  then  the  Welsh, 
lachgen  ,•  French,  page ;  English,  boy  ;  and  Greek, 
ircus. 

Some  of  your  correspondents  may  be  able  to 
inform  me  which  is  correct.  B.  H.  C. 


(Sumerf  toftfj 

The  Fish  "  Ruffins"  —  In  Spenser's  Faerie 
Queene  we  read  (book  TV.  canto  11.),  among  the 
river  guests  that  attended  the  nuptials  of  Thames 
and  Medway  came  "  Yar,  soft  washing  Norwitch 
walls ; "  and  farther  on,  that  he  brought  with  him 
a  present  of  fish  for  the  banquet  called  ruffins, 
"whose  like  none  else  could  show."  Was  this 
description  of  fish  peculiar  to  the  Tare  ?  and  is 
there  any  record  of  its  having  been  esteemed  a 
delicacy  in  Elizabeth's  reign  ?  A.  S. 

[This  seems  to  be  the  fish  noticed  by  Izaak  Walton, 
called  the  Ruffe,  or  Pope,  "  a  fish,"  says  he,  "  that  is 
not  known  in  some  rivers.  He  is  much  like  the  perch 
for  his  shape,  and  taken  to  be  better  than  the  perch, 
but  will  grow  to  be  bigger  than  a  gudgeon.  He  is  an 
excellent  fish,  no  fish  that  swims  is  of  a  pleasanter  taste, 
and  he  is  also  excellent  to  enter  a  young  angler,  for 
he  is  a  greedy  biter."  In  the  Faerie  Queene,  book  i. 
canto  iv.,  Spenser  speaks  of 

"  His  ruffin  raiment  all  was  stain'd  with  blood 
Which  he  had  spilt,  and  all  to  rags  yrent." 

To  these  lines  Mr.  Todd  has  added  a  note,  which  gives 
a  clue  to  the  meaning  of  the  word.  He  says,  "  Mr. 
Church  here  observes,  that  ruffin  is  reddish,  from  the 
Latin  rufus.  I  suspect,  however,  that  the  poet  did 
not  intend  to  specify  the  colour  of  the  dress,  but  rather 
to  give  a  very  character istical  expression  even  to  the 
raiment  of  Wrath.  Ruffin,  so  spelt,  denoted  a  swash- 
buckler, or,  as  we  should  say,  a  butty :  see  Minsheu's 
Guide  into  Tongues.  Besides,  I  find  in  My  Ladies' 
Looking- Glasse,  by  Barnabe  Rich,  4to.  1616,  p.  21.,  a 
passage  which  may  serve  to  strengthen  my  application 
of  ruffin,  in  this  sense,  to  garment:  "The  yong 
woman,  that  as  well  in  her  behaviour,  as  in  the  manner 
of  her  apparell,  is  most  ruffian  like,  is  accounted  the 
most  gallant  wench."  Now,  it  appears,  that  the  ruff, 
or  pope,  is  not  only,  as  Walton  says,  "  a  greedy  biter," 
but  is  extremely  voracious  in  its  disposition,  and  will 
devour  a  minnow  nearly  as  big  as  itself.  Its  average 
length  is  from  six  to  seven  inches.] 

Origin  of  the  Word  Etiquette.  —  What  is  the 
original  meaning  of  the  word  etiquette  ?  and  how 
did  it  acquire  that  secondary  meaning  which  it 
bears  in  English  ?  S.  C.  G. 

[Etiquette,  from  the  Fr.  etiquette,  Sp.  etiqueta,  a 
ticket ;  delivered  not  only,  as  Cotgrave  says,  for  the 
benefit  and  advantage  of  him  that  receives  it,  but  also 
entitling  to  place,  to  rank  ;  and  thus  applied  to  the 
ceremonious  observance  of  rank  or  place  ;  to  ceremony. 
Webster  adds,  "  From  the  original  sense  of  the  word, 
it  may  be  inferred  that  it  was  formerly  the  custom  to 
deliver  cards  containing  orders  for  regulating  cere- 
monies on  public  occasions."] 

Henri  Quatre.^ What  was  the  title  of  Henry  IV. 
(of  Navarre)  to  the  crown  of  France  ?  or  in  what 
way  was  he  related  to  his  predecessor  ?  If  any 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


107 


one  would  be  kind  enough  to  answer  these  he 
would  greatly  oblige  W.  W.  H. 

[Our  correspondent,  will  find  his  Query  briefly  and 
satisfactorily  answered  by  Renault,  in  his  Abrege 
de  THistoire  de  France,  p.  476.  His  words  are  : 
"Henri  IV.  roi  de  Navarre,  ne  a  Pau,  le  13  Decern- 
bre,  1553,  et  ayant  droit  a  la  couronne,  comme  de- 
scendant de  Robert,  Comte  de  Clermont,  qui  etoit  fils 
de  St.  Louis,  et  qui  avoit  epouse  1'heritiere  de  Bourbon, 
y  parvient  en  1589."  The  lineal  descent  of  Henri 
from  this  Count  Robert  may  be  seen  in  IS  Art  de 
verifier  les  Dates,  vol.  vi.  p.  209.,  in  a  table  entitled 
"  Genealogie  des  Valois  et  des  Bourbon ;  St.  Louis  IX., 
Roi  de  France."] 

"He  that  complies  against  his  will"  frc.;  and 
"  To  kick  the  bucket"  —  Oblige  T.  C.  by  giving 
the  correct  reading  of  the  familiar  couplet,  which 
he  apprehends  is  loosely  quoted  when  expressed  — 

"  Convince  a  man  against  his  will,"  &c. 
or, 

"  Persuade  a  man  against  his  will,"  &c. 

Also  by  stating  the  name  of  the  author. 

Likewise  by  giving  the  origin  of  the  phrase 
"  To  kick  the  bucket,"  as  applied  to  the  death  of 
a  person. 

[The  desired  quotation  is  from  Butler's  Hudibras, 
part  in.  canto  iii.  1.  547-8. : 

"  He  that  complies  against  his  will, 
Is  of  his  own  opinion  still." 

As  to  the  origin  of  the  phrase  "  To  kick  the  bucket," 
the  tradition  among  the  slang  fraternity  is,  that  "  One 
Bolsover  having  hung  himself  to  a  beam  while  stand- 
ing on  the  bottom  of  a  pail,  or  bucket,  kicked  the  vessel 
away  in  order  to  pry  into  futurity,  and  it  was  all  UP 
with  him  from  that  moment  —  Finis  !  "  Our  Querist 
will  find  a  very  humorous  illustration  of  its  use  (too 
long  to  quote)  in  an  article  on  "  Anglo- German  Dic- 
tionaries," contributed  by  De  Quincy  to  the  London 
Magazine  for  April,  1823,  p.  442.] 

St.  Nicholas  Cole  Abbey.  —  There  is  a  church 
in  the  city  of  London  called  St.  Nicholas  Cole 
Abbey  :  what  is  the  origin  of  the  name  or  deriva- 
tion ?  ELLFIN  AP  GWYDDNO. 

[This  Query  seems  to  have  baffled  old  Stowe. 
He  says,  "  Towards  the  west  end  of  Knight  Rider 
Street  is  the  parish  church  of  St.  Nicolas  Cold  Abby, 
a  comely  church,  somewhat  ancient,  as  appeareth  by 
the  ways  raised  thereabout ;  so  that  men  are  forced  to 
descend  into  the  body  of  the  church.  It  hath  been 
called  of  many  Golden  Abby,  of  some  Gold  (or  Cold) 
Bey,  and  so  hath  the  most  ancient  writing.  But  I 
coulc!  never  learn  the  cause  why  it  should  be  so  called, 
and  therefore  I  will  let  it  pass.  Perhaps  as  standing 
in  a  cold  place,  as  Cold  Harbour,  and  such  like."  For 
communications  on  the  much-disputed  etymology  of 
COLD  HARBOUK,  see  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  p.  60.  ;  Vol.  ii., 
pp.  159.  340.  ;  and  Vol.  vi.,  p.  455.] 


TRENCH  ON  PROVERBS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  387.  519.  641.) 

The  courteous  spirit  which  generally  distin- 
guishes the  communications  of  your  correspon- 
dents, renders  the  "  N.  &  Q."  the  most  agreeable 
magazine,  or,  as  you  have  it,  "  medium  of  inter- 
communication for  literary  men,"  &c.  I  was  so 
much  pleased  with  the  general  animus  which 
characterised  the  strictures  on  my  proposed 
translation  of  Ps.  cxxvii.  2.,  that  I  was  almost 
disposed  to  cede  to  my  critics,  from  sheer  good- 
will towards  them.  But  the  elder  D'Israeli  speaks 
of  such  a  thing  "as  an  affair  of  literary  conscience," 
which  consideration  prescribes  my  yielding  in  the 
present  instance ;  but  I  trust  that  our  motto  will 
always  be,  "  May  our  difference  of  opinion  never 
alter  our  inter-communications ! " 

I  must  however,  at  the  outset,  qualify  an  ex- 
pression I  made  use  of,  which  seems  to  have  in- 
curred the  censure  of  all  your  four  correspondents 
on  the  subject ;  I  mean  the  sentence,  "  The  trans- 
lation of  the  authorised  version  of  that  sacred 
affirmation  is  unintelligible."  It  seems  to  be  per- 
fectly intelligible  to  MESSRS.  BUCKTON,  JEBB, 
WALTER,  and  S.  D.  I  qualify,  therefore,  the 
assertion.  I  mean  to  say,  that  the  translation  of 
the  authorised  version  of  that  sacred  affirmation 
was,  and  is,  considered  unintelligible  to  many  in- 
telligent biblical  critics  and  expositors ;  amongst 
whom  I  may  name  Luther,  Mendelsohn,  Heng- 
stenberg,  Zunz,  and  many  others  whose  names 
will  transpire  in  the  sequel. 

Having  made  that  concession,  I  may  now  pro- 
ceed with  the  replying  to  my  Querists,  or  rather 
Critics.  MR.  BUCKTON  is  entitled  to  my  first  con- 
sideration, not  only  because  you  placed  him  at  the 
head  of  the  department  of  that  question,  but  also 
because  of  the  peculiar  mode  in  which  he  treated 
the  subject.  My  replies  shall  be  seriatim. 

1.  Luther  was  not  the  first  who  translated 
fcWS?  HH^  f  JV  p  "  Denn  seinen  Freunden  gibt 
er  es  schlafend."  A  far  greater  Hebraist  than 
Luther,  who  flourished  about  two  hundred  years 
before  the  great  German  Reformer  came  into 
note,  put  the  same  construction  on  that  sacred 
affirmation.  Rabbi  Abraham  Hacohen  of  Zante, 
who  paraphrased  the  whole  Hebrew  Psalter  into 
modern  metrical  Hebrew  verse  (which,  according 
to  a  P.  S.,  was  completed  in  1326),  interprets  the 
sentence  in  question  thus  : 

spa  hx  jrv  p  ^D 
:  epn  xh  injD  irmn  I'JPTO 

"  For  surely  God  shall  give  food 

To  His  beloved,  and  his  sleep  shall  not  be  withheld 
from  him." 

2.  It  is  more  than  problematical  whether  the 
eminent  translator,  Mendelsohn,  was  influenced  by 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


Luther's  error  (?),  or  by  his  own  superior  know- 
ledge of  the  sacred  tongue. 

3.  I  do  not  think  that  the  phrase,  "  the  proper 
Jewish  notion  of  gain,"  was  either  called  for  or 
relevant  to  the  subject. 

4.  The  reign  of  James  I.  was  by  no  means  as 
distinguished  for  Hebrew  scholarship  as  were  the 
immediate  previous  reigns.     Indeed  it  would  ap- 
pear that  the  knowledge  of  the  sacred  languages 
was  at  a  very  low  ebb  in  this  country  during  the 
agitating  period  of  the  Reformation,  so  much  so 
that  even  the   unaccountable  Henry  VIII.  was 
forced  to  exclaim,  "  Vehementer  dolere  nostra- 
tium    Theologorura    sortem    sanctissime    linguae 
scientia  carentium,  et  linguarum  doctrinam  fuisse 
intermissam."     (Ilody,  p.  466.) 

When  Coverdale  made  his  version  of  the  Bible 
he  was  not  only  aided  by  Tindale,  but  also  by 
the  celebrated  Hebrew,  of  the  Hebrews,  Emanuel 
Tremellius,  who  was  then  professor  of  the  sacred 
tongue  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  where 
that  English  Reformer  was  educated ;  and  Cover- 
dale  translated  the  latter  part  of  Ps.  cxxvii.  2.  as 
follows  :  "  For  look,  to  whom  it  pleaseth  Him,  He 
giveth  it  in  sleep." 

When  the  translation  was  revised,  during  the 
reign  of  James  I.,  the  most  accomplished  Anglo- 
Hebraist  was,  by  some  caprice  of  jealousy,  forced 
to  leave  this  country ;  I  mean  Hugh  Broughton. 
He  communicated  many  renderings  to  the  re- 
visers, some  of  which  they  thoughtlessly  rejected, 
and  others,  to  use  Broughton's  own  phrase,  "  they 
thrust  into  the  margin."  A  perusal  of  Brough- 
ton's works  *  gives  one  an  accurate  notion  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  revisers  of  the  previous  ver- 
sions. 

*  Lightfoot,  who  edited  Broughton's  works  in  1662, 
entitled  them  as  follows  :  — «  The  Works  of  the  great 
Albionen  Divine,  renowned  in  many  Nations  for  rare 
Skill  in  Salem's  and  Athens'  Tongues,  and  familiar 
acquaintance  with  all  Rabbinical  Learning,"  &c. 

Ben  Jonson  has  managed  to  introduce  Broughton 
into  some  of  his  plays.  In  his  Volpone,  when  the 
"  Fox  "  delivers  a  medical  lecture,  to  the  great  amuse- 
ment of  Politic  and  Peregrine,  the  former  remarks, 

"  Is  not  his  language  rare  ?  " 
To  which  the  latter  replies, 

"  But  Alchemy, 

'  I  never  heard  the  like,  ory  Broughton's  books." 

In  the  Alchemist,  "  Face  "  is  made  thus  to  speak  of  a 
female  companion  : 

"  Y*  are  very  right,  Sir,  she  is  a  most  rare  scholar, 
And  is  gone  mad  with  studying  Broughton's  works ; 
If  you  but  name  a  word  touching  the  Hebrew, 
She  falls  into  her  fit,  and  will  discourse 
So  learnedly  of  genealogies, 
As  you  would  run  mad  too  to  hear  her,  Sir." 

(See  also    The  History  of  the  Jeivs  in  Great  Britain, 
vol.  i.  pp.  305,  &c.) 


5.  Coverdale's  translation  is  not  "  ungramma- 
tical"  as  far  as  the  Hebrew  language  is  concerned, 
notwithstanding  that  it  was  rejected  in  the  reign 
of  James  I.     Dfta  "  bread,"  is  evidently  the  ac- 
cusative noun  to  the  transitive  verb  jnS  "  He  shall 
give."     Nor  is  it  "  false,"  for  the  same  noun,  Df"6> 
"  bread,"  is  no  doubt  the  antecedent  to  which  the 
word  it  refers. 

6.  Mendelsohn  does  not  omit  the  it  in  his  He- 
brew comment ;  and  I  am  therefore  unwarrantably 
charged  with  supplying  it  "  unauthorisedly."     I 
should  like  to  see  ME.  BUCK-TON'S  translation  of 
that  comment.     If  any  doubt  remained  upon  MR. 
B.'s  mind  as  to  the  intended  meaning  of  the  word 
1HJJV  used  by  Mendelsohn,  his  German  version 
might  have  removed  such  a  doubt,  as  the  little  word 
es,  "  it,"  indicates  pretty  clearly  what  Mendelsohn 
meant  by  ^njJV.    So  that,  instead  of  proving  Men- 
delsohn "  at  variance  with  himself,"  he  is  proved 
most  satisfactorily  to  have  been  in  perfect  harmony 
with  himself. 

7.  Mendelsohn  does  not  omit  the  important  word 
p ;  and  if  MR.  B.  will  refer  once  more  to  his  copy  of 
Mendelsohn  (we  are  both  using  the  same  edition), 
he  will  find  two  different  interpretations  proposed 
for,  the  word  p,  viz.  thus  and  rightly.     I  myself 
prefer   the  latter  rendering.     The  word  occurs 
about  twenty  times  in  the  Hebrew  Bible,  and  in 
the  great  majority  of  instances  rightly  or  certainly 
is  the  only  correct  rendering.     Both  Mendelsohn 
and  Zunz  omit  to  translate  it  in  their  German 
versions,   simply  because   the   sentence   is  more 
idiomatic,   in  the   German  language,  without  it 
than  with  it. 

8.  I  perfectly  agree  with  MR.  B.  "  that  no 
version  has  yet  had  so  large  an  amount  of  learn- 
ing bestowed  on   it  as   the  English  one."     But 
MR.  B.  will  candidly  acknowledge  that  the  largest 
amount  was  bestowed  on  it  since  the  revision  of 
the  authorised  version  closed.    Lowth,  Newcombe, 
Home,  Horsley,  Lee,  &c.  wrote  since,  and  they 
boldly  called  in  question  many  of  the  renderings 
in  the  authorised  version. 

Let  me  not  be  mistaken ;  I  do  most  sincerely 
consider  our  version  superior  to  all  others,  but  it 
is  not  for  this  reason  faultless. 

In  reply  to  MR.  JEBB'S  temperate  strictures,  I 
would  most  respectively  submit  — 

1.  That  considerable  examination  leads  me  to 
take  just  the  reverse  view  to  that  of  Burkius, 
that  fcOGP  cannot  be  looked  upon  as  antithetical 
to  surgere,  seder  e,  dolorum.  With  all  my  search- 
ings  I  failed  to  discover  an  analogous  antithesis. 
I  shall  be  truly  thankful  to  MR.  JEBB  for  a  case 
in  point.  Moreover,  Psalms  iii.  and  iv.,  to  which 
Dr.  French  and  Mr.  Skinner  refer,  prove  to  my 
mind  that  not  sleep  is  the  gift,  but  sustenance  and 
other  blessings  bestowed  upon  the  Psalmist  whilst 
asleep.  I  cannot  help  observing  that  due  reflec- 
tion makes  me  look  upon  the  expression,  "  So  He 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


giveth  His  beloved  sleep,"  as  an  extraordinary 
anticlimax. 

2.  MR.  JEBB  challenges  the  showing  strictly 
analogous  instances  of  ellipses.  He  acknowledges 
that  there  are  very  numerous  ellipses  even  in  the 
Songs  of  Degrees  themselves,  but  they  are  of  a 
very  different  nature.  I  might  fill  the  whole  of 
this  Number  with  examples,  which  the  most  scru- 
pulous critic  would  be  obliged  to  acknowledge  as 
being  strictly  analogous  to  the  passage  under  re- 
view ;  but  such  a  thing  you  would  not  allow.  Two 
instances,  however,  you  will  not  object  to  ;  they 
will  prove  a  host  for  MR.  JEBB'S  purpose,  inas- 
much as  one  has  the  very  word  ,tJ£>  elliptically, 
and  the  other  the  transitive  verb  jJV,  minus  an 
accusative  noun.  Would  MESSRS.  BUCKTON,  JEBB, 
WALTER,  and  S.  D.  kindly  translate,  for  the  bene- 
fit of  those  who  are  interested  in  the  question,  the 
following  two  passages  ? 

?w  antnr 

Psalm  xc.  5. 


imn 


rv 

Isaiah  xli.  2. 


The  REV.  HENRY  WALTER  will  see  that  some  of 
his  observations  have  been  anticipated  and  al- 
ready replied  to.  It  remains,  however,  for  me  to 
assure  him  that  I  never  dreamt  that  any  one  would 
suppose  that  I  considered  NJK>  anything  else  but 
a  noun,  minus  the  ^  preposition.  The  reason  why 
I  translated  the  word  "  whilst  he  [the  beloved] 
is  asleep,"  was  because  I  thought  the  expression 
more  idiomatic. 

S.  D.  attempts  to  prove  nothing;  I  am  exempt 
therefore  from  disproving  anything  as  far  as  he  is 
concerned. 

Before  I  take  leave  of  this  lengthy  and  some- 
what elaborate  disquisition,  let  me  give  my  ex- 
planation of  the  scope  of  the  Psalm  in  dispute, 
which,  I  venture  to  imagine,  will  commend  itself, 
even  to  those  who  differ  from  me,  as  the  most 
natural. 

This  Psalm,  as  well  as  the  other  thirteen  en- 
titled "A  Song  of  Degrees,"  was  composed  for 
the  singing  on  the  road  by  those  Israelites  who 
went  up  to  Jerusalem  to  keep  the  three  grand 
festivals,  to  beguile  their  tedious  journey,  and 
also  to  soothe  the  dejected  spirits  of  those  who 
felt  disheartened  at  having  left  their  homes,  their 
farms,  and  families  without  guardians.  Ps.  cxxvii. 
is  of  a  soothing  character,  composed  probably  by 
Solomon. 

In  the  first  two  verses  God's  watchfulness  and 
care  over  His  beloved  are  held  up  to  the  view  of 
the  pilgrims,  who  are  impressed  with  the  truth 
that  no  one,  "by  taking  thought,  can  add  one 
cubit  to  his  stature."  The  best  exposition  which 
I  can  give  of  those  two  verses  I  have  learned  from 
our  Saviour's  u  Sermon  on  the  Mount"  (Matt.  vi. 


25-33.).  The  third  and  following  verses,  as  well 
as  the  next  Psalm,  are  exegetical  or  illustrative. 
To  whom  do  you  attribute  the  gift  of  children  ? 
Is  it  not  admitted  on  all  hands  to  be  "  an  heritage 
of  the  Lord  ?"  No  one  can  procure  that  blessing 
by  personal  anxiety  and  care :  God  alone  can  con- 
fer the  gift.  Well,  then,  the  same  God  who  gives 
you  the  heritage  of  children  will  also  grant  you  all 
other  blessings  which  are  good  for  you,  provided 
you  act  the  part  of  "  His  beloved,"  and  depend 
upon  Him  without  wavering. 

The  above  is  a  hasty,  but  I  trust  an  intelligible, 
view  of  the  scope  of  the  Psalm. 

MOSES  MARGOLIOUTH. 

Wybunbury,  Nantwich. 


INSCRIPTIONS    Olf   BELLS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  443.) 

The  inscription  on  one  of  the  bells  of  Great 
Milton  Church,  Oxon.  (as  given  by  MR.  SIMPSOX 
in  "  N.  &  Q."),  has  a  better  and  rhyming  form 
occasionally. 

In  Meivod  Church,  Montgomeryshire,  a  bell 
(the  "  great "  bell,  I  think)  has  the  inscription  — 

"  I  to  the  church  the  living  call, 
'And  to  the  grave  do  summon  all." 

The  same  also  is  found  on  the  great  bell  of  the 
interesting  church  (formerly  cathedral)  of  Llan- 
badarn  Fawr,  Cardiganshire.  E.  DYER  GREEK. 

Nantcribba  Hall. 

I  beg  to  forward  the  following  inscription  on 
one  of  the  bells  in  the  tower  of  St.  Nicholas 
Church,  Sidmouth.  I  have  not  met  with  it  else- 
where ;  and  you  may,  perhaps,  consider  it  worthy 
of  being  added  to  those  given  by  CUTHBERT  BEDB 
and  J.  L.  SISSON  : 

«  *  Est  michi  collatum 

Ihc  istud  nomen  amatttm." 

There  is  no  date,  but  the  characters  may  indicate 
the  commencement  of  the  fifteenth  century  as  the 
period  when  the  bell  was  cast.  G.  J.  R.  GORDON. 

At  Lapley  in  Staffordshire : 

"  I  will  sound  and  resound  to  thee,  O  Lord, 
To  call  thy  people  to  thy  word." 

G.  E.  T.  S.  R.  N. 

Pray  add  the  following  savoury  inscriptions  to 
your  next  list  of  bell-mottoes.  The  first  disgraces 
the  belfry  of  St.  Paul's,  Bedford  ;  the  second,  that 
of  St.  Mary's,  Islington  : 

"  At  proper  times  my  voice  I'll  raise, 

And  sound  to  my  subscribers'  praise  1" 
"  At  proper  times  our  voices  we  will  raise, 

In  sounding  to  our  benefactors'  praise  1" 
The  similarity  between  these  two  inscriptions 
favours  the    supposition  that  the   ancient  bell- 


no 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


founders,  like   some   modern   enterprising   firms, 
kept  a  poet  on  the  establishment,  e.g. 

"  Thine  incomparable  oil,  Macassar  ! " 

J.  YEOWELL. 

A  friend  informs  me,  that  on  a  bell  in  Durham 
Cathedral  these  lines  occur  : 

"  To  call  the  folk  to  Church  in  time, 

I  chime. 
When  mirth  and  pleasure's  on  the  wing, 

I  ring. 

And  when  the  body  leaves  the  soul, 
I  toll." 

J.  L.  S. 


AEMS    OF    GENEVA. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  563.) 

Your  correspondent  who  desires  the  blazon  of 
the  arms  of  the  "  town  of  Geneva,"  had  better 
have  specified  to  which  of  the  two  bearings  assigned 
to  that  name  he  refers. 

One  of  these,  which  I  saw  on  the  official  seal 
affixed  to  the  passport  of  a  friend  of  mine  lately 
returned  from  that  place,  is  an  instance  of  the 
obsolete  practice  of  ditnidiation ;  and  is  the  more 
singular,  because  only  the  dexter  one  of  the  shields 
thus  impaled  undergoes  curtailment. 

The  correct  blazon,  I  believe,  would  be:  Or, 
an  eagle  double-headed,  displayed  sable,  dimidi- 
ated, and  impaling  gu.  a  key  in  pale  argent,  the 
wards  in  chief,  and  turned  to  the  sinister;  the 
shield  surmounted  with  a  marquis'  coronet. 

The  blazon  of  the  sinister  half  I  owe  to  Ed- 
mondson,  who  seems,  however,  not  at  all  to  have 
understood  the  dexter,  and  gives  a  clumsy  descrip- 
tion of  it  little  worth  transcribing.  He,  and  the 
Dictionnaire  de  Blazon,  assign  these  arms  to  the 
Republic  of  Geneva. 

The  other  bearing  would,  in  English,  be  bla- 
zoned, Checquy  of  nine  pieces,  or  and  azure :  and 
in  French,  Cinq  points  d'or,  equipolles  a  quatre 
tfazur.  This  is  assigned  by  Nisbett  to  the 
Seigneurie  of  Geneva,  and  is  quartered  by  the 
King  of  Sardinia  in  token  of  the  claims  over  the 
Genevese  town  and  territory,  which,  as  Duke  of 
Savoy,  he  has  never  resigned. 

With  regard  to  the  former  shield,  I  may  just 
remark,  that  the  dimidiate^  coat  is  merely  that  of 
the  German  empire.  How  or  why  Geneva  ob- 
tained it,  I  should  be  very  glad  to  be  informed  ; 
since  it  appears  to  appertain  to  the  present  inde- 
pendent Republic,  and  not  to  the  former  seignorial 
territory. 

Let  me  also  add,  that  the  plate  in  the  Diction- 
naire gives  the  field  of  this  half  as  argent.  Mr. 
Willement,  in  his  Regal  Heraldry,  under  the  arms 
of  Richard  II.'s  consort,  also  thus  describes  and 
represents  the  imperial  field  ;  and  Nisbett  alludes 


to  it  as  such  in  one  place,  though  in  his  formal 
blazon  he  gives  it  as  or. 

Nothing,  in  an  heraldic  point  of  view,  would  be 
more  interesting  than  a  "  Regal  Heraldry  of  Eu- 
rope," with  a  commentary  explaining  the  historical 
origin  and  combinations  of  the  various  bearings. 
Should  this  small  contribution  towards  such  a 
compilation  tend  to  call  the  attention  of  any  able 
antiquary  to  the  general  subject,  or  to  elicit 
information  upon  this  particular  question,  the 
writer  who  now  offers  so  insignificant  an  item 
would  feel  peculiarly  gratified.  L.  C.  D. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Multiplying  Negatives.  —  In  reply  to  M.  N.  S. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  83.)  I  would  suggest  the  following  mode 
of  multiplying  negatives  on  glass,  which  I  have  every 
reason  to  believe  would  be  perfectly  successful  :  — 
First,  varnish  the  negative  to  be  copied  by  means  of 
DR.  DIAMOND'S  solution  of  amber  in  chloroform  ;  then 
attach  to  each  angle,  with  any  convenient  varnish,  a 
small  piece  of  writing-paper.  Prepare  a  similar  plate 
of  glass  with  collodion,  and  drain  off  all  superfluous 
nitrate  of  silver,  by  standing  it  for  a  minute  or  so  on 
edge  upon  a  piece  of  blotting-paper.  Lay  it  flat  upon 
a  board,  collodio^  side  upwards,  and  the  negative  pre- 
pared above  upon  it,  collodion  side  downwards.  Ex- 
pose the  whole  to  daylight  for  a  single  second,  or  to 
gas-light  for  about  a  minute,  and  develope  as  usual. 
The  result  will  be  a  transmitted  positive,  but  with  re- 
versed sides  ;  and  from  this,  when  varnished  and  treated 
as  the  original  negative,  any  number  of  negatives  simi- 
lar to  the  first  may  be  produced. 

The  paper  at  the  angles  is  to  prevent  the  absolute 
contact  and  consequent  injury  by  the  solution  of  ni- 
trate of  silver  ;  and,  for  the  same  reason,  it  is  advisable 
not  to  attempt  to  print  until  the  primary  negative  is 
varnished,  as,  with  all  one's  care,  sometimes  the  nitrate 
will  come  in  contact  and  produce  spots,  if  the  varnish- 
ing has  been  omitted.  Should  the  negative  become 
moistened,  it  should  be  at  once  washed  with  a  gentle 
stream  of  water  and  dried. 

I  have  repeatedly  performed  the  operation  above 
described  so  far  as  the  production  of  the  positive,  and 
so  perfect  is  the  impression  that  I  see  no  reason  why 
the  second  negative  should  be  at  all  distinguishable 
from  the  original. 

I  am,  indeed,  at  present  engaged  upon  a  similar 
attempt ;  but  there  are  several  other  difficulties  in  my 
way :  I,  however,  entertain  no  doubts  of  perfect  suc- 
cess. GEO.  SHADBOLT. 

Towgood's  Paper.  —  A.  B.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  83.)  can  pur- 
chase Towgood's  paper  of  Mr.  Sandford,  who  frequently 
advertises  in  "  N.  &  Q."  With  regard  to  his  other  Query, 
I  think  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  his  being  at  liberty 
to  publish  a  photographic  copy  of  a  portrait,  Mr.  Fox 
Talbot  having  reserved  only  the  right  to  paper  copies 
of  a  photographic  portrait.  Collodion  portraits  are  not 
patent,  but  the  paper  proofs  from  collodion  negatives 
are.  GEO.  SHADBOLT. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


Adulteration  of  Nitrate  of  Silver. —  Will  any  of  your 
chemical  readers  tell  me  how  I  am  to  know  if  nitrate 
of  silver  is  pure,  and  how  to  detect  the  adulteration? 
If  so  with  nitrate  of  potash,  how  ?  One  writer  on 
photography  recommends  the  fused,  as  then  the  excess 
of  nitric  acid  is  got  rid  of.  Another  says  the  fused 
nitrate  is  nearly  always  adulterated.  I  fear  you  have 
more  querists  than  respondents.  I  have  looked  care- 
fully for  a  reply  to  some  former  Queries  respecting 
Mu.  CROOKES'S  restoration  of  old  collodion,  but  at 
present  they  have  failed  in  appearance. 

THE  READER  OF  PHOTOGRAPHIC  WORKS. 


to  jHttiflr 

Passage  of  Cicero  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  640.).  —  Is  the 
following  what  SEMI-TONE  wants  ? 

"  Mira  est  enim  quasdam  natura  vocis  ;  cujus  qui- 
dem,  e  tribus  omnino  sonis,  inflexo,  acuto,  gravi,  tanta  sit, 
et  tarn  suavis  varietas  perfecta  in  cantibus."  —  Orator, 
cap.  17. 

B.  H.  C. 

Major  Andre  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  174.604.).  —  The  late 
Mrs.  Mills  of  Norwich  (nee  Andre)  was  not  the 
sister  of  Major  Andre  ;  she  was  the  only  daughter 
of  Mr.  John  Andre  of  Offenbach,  near  Frankfort 
on  the  Maine,  in  Germany  ;  where  he  established 
more  than  eighty  years  ago  a  prosperous  concern 
as  a  printer  of  music,  and  was  moreover  an  emi- 
nent composer  :  this  establishment  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  his  grandson.  Mr.  John  Andre  was  not 
the  brother  of  the  Major,  but  a  second  or  third 
cousin.  Mrs.  Mills  used  to  say,  that  she  remem- 
bered seeing  the  Major  at  her  father's  house  as  a 
visitor,  when  she  was  a  very  small  child.  He 
began  his  career  in  London  in  the  commercial 
line  ;  and,  after  he  entered  the  army,  was  sent 
by  the  English  ministry  to  Hesse-Cassel  to  con- 
duct to  America  a  corps  of  Hessian  hirelings  to 
dragoon  the  revolted  Americans  into  obedience  : 
it  was  on  this  occasion  that  he  paid  the  above- 
mentioned  visit  to  Offenbach. 

^  Having  frequently  read  the  portion  of  English 
history  containing  the  narrative  of  the  trans- 
actions in  which  Major  Andre  was  so  actively 
engaged,  and  for  which  he  suffered,  I  have  often 
asked  myself  whether  he  was  altogether  blameless 
in  that  questionable  affair.  TRIVET  ALLCOCK. 
Norwich. 

P.S.  —  This  account  was  furnished  to  me  by 
Mr.  E.  Mills,  husband  of  the  late  Mrs.  Mills. 

Catholic  Bible  Society  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  41.).  —  Be- 
sides the  account  of  this  society  in  Bishop  Milner's 
Supplementary  Memoirs  of  the  English  Catholics, 
many  papers  on  the  same  will  be  found  in  the 
volumes  of  the  Orthodox  Journal  from  1813,  when 
the  Society  was  formed,  to  1819.  In  this  last 
volume,  p.  9.,  Bishop  Milner  wrote  a  long  letter, 


containing  a  comparison  of  the  brief  notes  in  the 
stereotyped  edition  of  the  above  Society  with  the 
notes  of  Bishop  Challoner,  from  whose  hands  he 
mentions  having  received  a  copy  of  his  latest  edi- 
tion of  both  Testaments  in  1777.  It  should  be 
mentioned  that  most  of  the  papers  in  the  Orthodox 
Journal  alluded  to  were  written  by  Bishop  Milner 
under  various  signatures,  which  the  present  writer, 
with  all  who  knew  him  well,  could  always  recog- 
nise. That  eminent  prelate  thus  sums  up  the  fate 
of  the  sole  publication  of  the  so-called  Catholic 
Bible  Society : 

"  Its  stereotype  Testament was  proved  to 

abound  in  gross  errors  ;  hardly  a  copy  of  it  could  be 
sold ;  and,  in  the  end,  the  plates  for  continuing  it  have 
been  of  late  presented  by  an  illustrious  personage,  into 
whose  hands  they  fell,  to  one  of  our  prelates  [this  was 
Bishop  Collingridge],  who  will  immediately  employ 
the  cart-load  of  them  for  a  good  purpose,  as  they  were 
intended  to  be,  by  disposing  of  them  to  some  pewterer, 
who  will  convert  them  into  numerous  useful  culinary 
implements,  gas-pipes,  and  other  pipes." 

F.  C.  H. 

Cassiterides  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  64.). — Kassiteros;  the 
ancient  Indian  Sanscrit  word  Kastira.  Of  the  dis- 
puted passage  in  Herodotus  respecting  the  Cas- 
siterides, the  interpretation*  of  Rennell,  in  his 
Geographical  System  of  Herodotus ;  of  Maurice, 
in  his  Indian  Antiquities,  vol.  vi. ;  and  of  Heeren,  in 
his  Historical  Researches  ;  is  much  more  satisfac- 
tory than  that  offered  by  your  correspondent 
S.  G.  C.,  although  supported  by  the  French  acade- 
micians (Inscript.  xxxvi.  66.) 

The  advocates  for  a  Celtic  origin  of  the  name 
of  these  islands  are  perhaps  not  aware  that  — 
"  Through  the  intercourse  which  the  Phoenicians,  by 
means  of  their  factories  in  the  Persian  Gulph,  main- 
tained with  the  east  coast  of  India,  the  Sanscrit  word 
Kastira,  expressing  a  most  useful  product  of  farther 
India,  and  still  existing  among  the  old  Aramaic  idioms 
in  the  Arabian  word  Kasdir,  became  known  to  the 
Greeks  even  before  Albion  and  the  British  Cassiterides 
had  been  visited."  —  See  Humboldt's  Cosmos,  "Prin- 
cipal Epochs  in  the  History  of  the  Physical  Contem- 
plation of  the  Universe,"  notes. 

BlBLIOTHECAR.  CHETHAM. 

Wooden  Tombs  and  Effigies  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  62.). — 
There  are  two  fine  recumbent  figures  of  a  Lord 
Neville  and  his  wife  in  Brancepeth  Church,  four 
miles  south-west  of  Durham.  They  are  carved  in 
wood.  A  view  of  them  is  given  in  Billing's  An- 
tiquities of  Durham.  J.  H.  B. 

Tailless  Cats  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  10.).  —  In  my  visits 
to  the  Isle  of  Man,  I  have  frequently  met  with 


*  His  want  of  information  in  this  matter  can  only 
be  referred  to  the  jealousy  of  the  Phoenicians  depriving 
the  Greeks,  as  afterwards  the  Romans,  of  ocular  ob- 
servation. 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


specimens  of  the  tailless  cats  referred  to  by  your 
correspondent  SHIRLEY  HIBBERD.  In  the  pure 
breed  there  is  not  the  slightest  vestige  of  a  tail, 
and  in  the  case  of  any  intermixture  with  the 
species  possessing  the  usual  caudal  appendage,  the 
tail  of  their  offspring,  like  the  witch's  "  sark,"  as 
recorded  by  honest  Tam  o'  Shanter, 

"  In  longitude  is  sorely  scanty." 

In  fact,  it  terminates  abruptly  at  the  length  of  a 
few  inches,  as  if  amputated,  having  altogether  a 
very  ludicrous  appearance.  G.  TAYLOR. 

Heading. 

The  breed  of  cats  without  tails  is  well  known  in 
the  Isle  of  Man,  and  accounted  by  the  people  of  the 
island  one  of  its  chief  curiosities.  These  cats  are 
sought  after  by  strangers  :  the  natives  call  them 
"  Rumpies,"  or  "  Humpy  Cats."  Their  hind  legs 
are  rather  longer  than  those  of  cats  with  tails,  and 
give  them  a  somewhat  rabbit-like  aspect,  which 
has  given  rise  to  the  odd  fancy  that  they  are  the 
descendants  of  a  cross  between  a  rabbit  and  cat. 
They  are  good  mousers.  When  a  perfectly  tail- 
less cat  is  crossed  with  an  ordinary-tailed  indi- 
vidual, the  progeny  exhibit  all  intermediate  states 
between  tail  and  no  tail.  EDWARD  FORBES. 

Waroitte  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  516.).  — 

*' Jacque  Pierre  Brissot  was  born  on  the  14th  Jan., 
1754,  in  the  village  of  Ouarville,  near  Chartres." — 
Penny  Cyclo. 

If  your  correspondent  is  a  French  scholar,  he 
will  perceive  that  Warville  is,  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible, the  proper  pronunciation  of  the  name  of  this 
village,  but  that  Brissot  being  merely  the  son  of  a 
poor  pastry  cook,  had  no  right  whatever  to  the  name, 
which  doubtless  he  bore  merely  as  a  distinction  from 
some  other  Brissot.  It  may  interest  your  Ame- 
rican friend  to  know,  that  he  married  Felicite 
Dupont,  a  young  lady  of  good  family  at  Boulogne. 
A  relation  of  my  own,  who  was  very  intimate  with 
her  before  her  marriage,  has  often  described  her 
to  me  as  being  of  a  very  modest,  retiring,  religious 
disposition,  very  clever  with  her  pencil,  and  as 
.having  received  a  first-rate  education  from  mas- 
ters in  Paris.  These  gifts,  natural  and  acquired, 
made  her  a  remarkable  young  person,  amidst  the 
crowd  of  frivolous  idlers  who  at  that  time  formed 
"  good  society,"  not  only  in  Paris,  but  even  in 
provincial  towns,  of  which  Boulogne  was  not  the 
least  gay.  Perhaps  he  knows  already  that  she 
quickly  followed  her  husband  to  the  scaffold.  Her 
sister  (I  believe  the  only  one)  married  a  Parisian 
gentleman  named  Aublay,  and  died  at  a  great 
age  about  ten  years  ago.  N.  J.  A. 

W  is  not  a  distinct  letter  in  the  French  alpha- 
bet ;  it  is  simply  double  »,  and  is  pronounced  like 
v,  as  in  Wissant,  Wimireux,  Wimille,  villages  be- 


tween Calais  and  Boulogne,  and  Wassy  in  Cham- 
pagne. W.  R.  D.  S. 

Green  Eyes  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  407.).  —  The  follow- 
ing are  quotations  in  favour  of  green  eyes,  in  ad- 
dition to  MR.  H.  TEMPLE'S  : 

"  An  eagle,  madam, 
Hath  not  so  green,  so  quick,  so  fair  an  eye." 

Romeo  and  Juliet,  Act  III.  Sc.  5. 

And  Dante,  in   Purgatory,   canto   xxxi.,    likens 
Beatrice's  eyes  to  emeralds : 

"  Disser :  fa  die  le  viste  non  risparmi  : 
Posto  t'  avem  dinanzi  agli  smeraldi, 
Ond'  Amor  gia  ti  trasse  le  sue  armi." 

"  Spare  not  thy  vision.     We  have  station'd  thee 
Before  the  emeralds*,  whence  Love,  erewhile, 
Hath  drawn  his  weapons  on  thee." 

Gary's  Translation. 

I  think  short-sightedness  is  an  infirmity  more 
common  among  men  of  letters,  authors,  &c.,  than 
any  other  class ;  indeed,  one  is  inclined  to  think 
it  is  no  rare  accompaniment  of  talent.  A  few  ce- 
lebrated names  occur  to  me  who  suffered  weakness 
of  distinct  vision  to  see  but  the  better  near.  I 
*am  sure  your  correspondents  could  add  many  to  the 
list.  I  mark  them  down  at  random  :  —  Niebuhr, 
Thomas  Moore1,  Marie  Antoinette,  Gustavus 
Adolphus,  Herrick  the  poet,  Dr.  Johnson,  Mar- 
garet Fuller,  Ossoli,  Thiers,  Quevedo.  These  are 
but  a  few,  but  I  will  not  lengthen  the  list  at 
present.  M A  S. 

Came  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  468.).  — II.  T.  G.  will  find 
this  word  to  be  as  old  as  our  language.  Piers 
Ploughman  writes : 

"  A  cat 
Cam  whan  hym  liked." 

Vision,  1.  298. 

"  A  lovely  lady 
Cam  doun  from  a  castel." 

76.  1.  466. 
Chaucer : 

«  Till  that  he  came  to  Thebes." 

Cant.  T.  1.  985.    '] 
Gower : 

"  Thus  (er  he  wiste)  into  a  dale 
He  came." 

Conf.  Am.  b.  i.  fol.  9.  p.  2.  col.  1. 

Q. 

"  Epitaphium  Lucretia  "  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  563.).  — 
Allow  me  to  send  an  answer  to  the  Query  of  BAL- 
LIOLENSIS,  and  to  state  that  in  that  rather  scarce 
little  book,  Epigrammata  et  Poematia  Vetera,  he 
will  find  at  page  68.  that  "Epitaphium  Lucretise" 
is  ascribed  to  Modestus,  perhaps  the  same  person 
who  wrote  a  work  de  re  militari.  The  version 


*  Beatrice's  eyes. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


there  given  differs  slightly  from  that  of  BALLIO- 
LENSIS,  and  has  two  more  lines  ;  it  is  as  follows  : 
"  Cum  foderet  ferro  castum  Lucretia  pectus, 

Sanguinis  et  torrens  egereretur,  ait : 
Procedant  testes  me  non  favisse  tyranno, 
Ante  virum  sanguis,  spiritus  ante  deos. 
Quam  recte  hi  testes  pro  me  post  fata  loquentur, 
Alter  apud  manes,  alter  apud  superos." 

Perhaps  the  following  translation  may  not  be  un- 
acceptable : 

"  When  thro'  her  breast  the  steel  Lucretia  thrust, 
She  said,  while  forth  th'  ensanguin'd  torrent  gush'd ; 
«  From  me  that  no  consent  the  tyrant  knew, 
To  my  spouse  my  blood,  to  heaven  my  soul  shall 

show ; 

And  thus  in  death  these  witnesses  shall  prove, 
My  innocence,  to  shades  below,  and  Powers  above.' " 

C— S.T.P. 

Oxford  Commemoration  Squib,  1849  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  584.)-— Quoted  incorrectly.  The  heading  stands 
thus  : 

"  LIBERTY  !  EQUALITY  !  FRATERNITY  !" 

After  the  name  of  " Wri^htson"  add  "(Queen's) ;" 
and  at  the  foot  of  the  bill  "  Floreat  Lyceum."     I 
quote  from  a  copy  before  me.          W.  P.  STOKER. 
Olney,  Bucks. 

"Imp"  (Vol.  vlii.,  p.  623.).  —  Perhaps  as  amus- 
ing a  use  of  the  word  imp  as  can  be  found  any- 
where occurs  in  old  Bacon,  in  his  "  Pathway  unto 
Prayer"  (see  Early  Writings,  Parker  Society, 
p.  187.)  : 

"  Let  us  pray  for  the  preservation  of  the  King's 
most  excellent  Majesty,  and  for  the  prosperous  success 
of  his  entirely  beloved  son  Edward  our  Prince,  that 
most  angelic  imp." 

P.P. 

False  Spellings  from  Sound  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  29.). — 
The  observations  of  MB.  WAYNES  deserve  to  be 
enlarged  by  numerous  examples,  and  to  be,  to  a 
certain  extent,  corrected.  He  has  not  brought 
clearly  into  view  two  distinct  classes  of  "  false 
spelling"  under  which  the  greater  part  of  such 
mistakes  may  be  arranged.  One  class  arose  solely 
from  erroneous  pronunciation ;  the  second  from 
intentional  alteration.  I  will  explain  my  meaning 
by  two  examples,  both  which  are,  I  believe,  in 
MR.  WAYLEN'S  list. 

The  French  expression  dent  de  lion  stands  for  a 
certain  plant,  and  some  of  the  properties  of  that 
plant  originated  the  name.  When  an  Englishman 
calls  the  same  plant  Dandylion,  the  sound  has  not 
given  birth  "  to  a  new  idea  "  in  his  mind.  Surely, 
he  pronounces  badly  three  French  words  of  which 
he  may  know  the  meaning,  or  he  may  not.  But 
when  the  same  Englishman,  or  any  other,  orders 
sparrow-grass  for  dinner,  these  two  words  contain 


"  a  new  idea,"  introduced  purposely  :  either  he,  or 
some  predecessor,  reasoned  thus  —  there  is  no 
meaning  in  asparagus;  sparrow-grass  must  be 
the  right  word  because  it  makes  sense.  The  name 
of  a  well-known  place  in  London  illustrates  both 
these  changes  :  Convent  Garden  becomes  Covent 
Garden  by  mispronunciation  ;  it  becomes  Common 
Garden  by  intentional  change. 

Mistakes  of  the  first  class  are  not  worth  record- 
ing ;  those  of  the  second  fall  under  this  general 
principle  :  words  are  purposely  exchanged  for 
others  of  a  similar  sound,  because  the  latter  are 
supposed  to  recover  a  lost  meaning. 

I  have  by  me  several  examples  which  I  will 
send  you  if  you  think  the  subject  worth  pursuing. 

J.  O.  B. 

Wicken. 

"  Good  wine  needs  no  bush  "  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  607.). 
—  The  custom  of  hanging  out  bushes  of  ivy, 
boughs  of  trees,  or  bunches  of  flowers,  at  private 
houses,  as  a  sign  that  good  cheer  may  be  had 
within,  still  prevails  in  the  city  of  Gloucester  at 
the  fair  held  at  Michaelmas,  called  Barton  Fair, 
from  the  locality;  and  at  the  three  "mops,"  or 
hiring  fairs,  on  the  three  Mondays  following,  to 
indicate  that  ale,  beer,  cider,  &c.  are  there  sold, 
on  the  strength  (I  believe)  of  an  ancient  privilege 
enjoyed  by  the  inhabitants  of  that  street  to  sell 
liquors,  without  the  usual  license,  during  the  fair. 

BROOK.THORPE. 

Three  Fleurs-de-Lys  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  35.).  —  In 
reply  to  the  Query  of  DEVONIENSIS,  I  would  say 
that  many  families  of  his  own  county  bore  fleurs- 
de-lys  in  their  coat  armour,  in  the  forms  of  two 
and  one,  and  on  a  lend;  also  that  the  heraldic 
writers,  Robson  and  Burke,  assign  a  coat  to  the 
family  of  Baker  charged  with  three  fleurs-de-lys 
on  a  fesse.  The  Devon  family  of  Velland  bore, 
Sable,  a  fesse  argent,  in  chief  three  fleurs-de-lys  of 
the  last ;  but  whether  these  bearings  were  ever 
placed  fesse-wise,  or,  as  your  querist  terms  it,  in  a 
horizontal  line,  I  am  not  sure.  J.  D.  S. 

If  DEVONIENSIS  will  look  at  the  arms  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  Oxford,  he  will  there  find  the  three 
fleurs-de-lys  in  a  line  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
shield.  A.  B. 

Athenaeum. 

Portrait  of  Plowden  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  56.).  —A  por- 
trait of  Plowden  (said  to  have  been  taken  from 
his  monument  in  the  Temple  Church)  is  prefixed 
to  the  English  edition  of  his  Reports,  published  in, 
1761.  J.  G. 

Exon. 

St.  Stephen's  Day  and  Mr.  Rileys  "  Hoveden  " 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  637.).  — The  statement  of  this  feaafe 
being  observed  prior  to  Christmas  must  have 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


arisen  from  the  translator  not  being  conversant 
with  the  technical  terms  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Ca- 
lendar, in  which,  as  the  greater  festivals  are  cele- 
brated with  Octaves,  other  feasts  falling  during 
the  Octave  are  said  to  be  under  (infra)  the 
greater  solemnity.  Thus,  if  MR.  WARDEN  will 
consult  the  Or  do  Reciiandi  Ojficii  Divini  for  1834, 
he  will  see  that  next  Sunday,  the  8th  inst.,  stands 
"  Dom  inf.  Oct.,"  i.  e.  of  the  Epiphany,  and  that 
the  same  occurs  on  other  days  during  the  year. 

May  I  point  out  an  erratum  in  a  Query  inserted 
some  time  since  (not  yet  replied  to),  regarding  a 
small  castle  near  Kingsgate,  Thanet,  the  name  of 
which  is  printed  Aix  Ruochim ;  it  should  be  Arx 
Ruochim.  A.  O.  H. 

Blackheath. 

Death  Warnings  in  Ancient  Families  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  55.). — A  brief  notice  of  these  occurrences,  with 
references  to  works  where  farther  details  may  be 
met  with,  would  form  a  very  remarkable  record 
of  events  which  tend  to  support  one's  belief  in 
the  truth  of  the  remark  of  Hamlet : 

"  There  are  more  things  in  heaven  and  earth,  Horatio, 
Than  are  dreamt  of  in  our  philosophy." 

A  drummer  is  stated  to  be  heard  in  C 

Castle,  the  residence  of  the  Earl  and  Countess  of 
A.,  "going  about  the  house  playing  his  drum, 
whenever  there  is  a  death  impending  in  the 
family."  This  warning  is  asserted  to  have  been 
given  shortly  before  the  decease  of  the  Earl's  first 
wife,  and  preceded  the  death  of  the  next  Countess 
about  five  or  six  months.  Mrs.  Crowe,  in  her 
Night  Side  of  Nature,  observes  hereupon  : 

"  I  have  heard  that  a  paper  was  found  in  her  (the 
Countess's)  desk  after  her  death,  declaring  her  convic- 
tion that  the  drum  was  for  her." 

Whenever  a  little  old  woman  visits  a  lady  of  the 
family  of  G.  of  R.,  at  the  time  of  her  confinement, 
when  the  nurse  is  absent,  and  strokes  down  the 
clothes,  the  patient  (says  Mrs.  Crowe),  "  never 
does  any  good,  and  dies."  Another  legend  is,  that 
a  single  swan  is  always  seen  on  a  particular  lake 
close  to  the  mansion  of  another  family  before  a 
death.  Then,  Lord  Littleton's  dove  is  a  well- 
known  incident.  And  the  lady  above  quoted 
speaks  of  many  curious  warnings  of  death  by  the 
appearance  of  birds,  as  well  as  of  a  spectral  black 
dog,  which  visited  a  particular- family  in  Cornwall 
immediately  before  the  death  of  any  of  its  mem- 
bers. Having  made  this  Note  of  a  few  more 
cases  of  death  warnings,  I  will  end  with  a  Query 
in  the  words  of  Mrs.  Crowe,  who,  after  detailing 
the  black  dog  apparition,  asks :  "  if  this  pheno- 
menon is  the  origin  of  the  French  phrase  bete 
noire,  to  express  an  annoyance,  or  an  augury  of 
evil  ?  "  JAS.  J.  SCOTT. 

Hampstead. 


"  The  Secunde  Personne  of  the  Trinitie"  (Vol.ix., 
p.  56.).  —  I  think  it  is  Hobart  Seymour  who 
speaks  of  some  Italians  of  the  present  day  as  con- 
sidering the  Three  Persons  of  the  Trinity  to  be 
the  Father,  the  Virgin,  and  the  Son.  J.  P.  O. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Mr.  Wright's  varied  antiquarian  acquirements,  and 
his  untiring  zeal,  are  too  well  known  to  require  recog- 
nition from  us.  We  may  therefore  content  ourselves  with 
directing  attention  to  his  Wanderings  of  an  Antiquary, 
chiefly  upon  the  Traces  of  the  Romans  in  Britain,  which 
has  just  been  published,  and  of  which  the  greater  part 
has  appeared  in  a  series  of  papers  under  the  same  title 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  It  is  intended  to  fur- 
nish, in  a  popular  form,  a  few  archaeological  truths 
which  may  foster  a  love  of  our  national  antiquities 
among  those  who  are  less  likely  to  be  attracted  by  dry 
dissertations  :  and  its  gossiping  character  and  pretty 
woodcuts  are  well  calculated  to  promote  this  object. 

This  endeavour  to  make  the  study  of  antiquities 
popular,  naturally  calls  our  attention  to  a  small  and 
very  agreeable  volume  on  the  subject  of  what  Brand 
designated  Popular  Antiquities.  We  refer  to  the  last 
volume  of  Bohn's  Illustrated  Library.  It  is  from  the 
pen  of  Mary  Hfowitt,  and  is  entitled  the  Pictorial 
Calendar  of  the  Seasons,  exhibiting  the  Pleasures,  Pur- 
suits, and  Characteristics  of  Country  Life  for  every 
Month  of  the  Fear,  and  embodying  the  whole  of  Aik'nCs 
Calendar  of  Nature.  It  is  embellished  with  upwards 
of  one  hundred  engravings  on  wood  ;  and  what  the 
authoress  says  of  its  compilation,  viz.  that  it  was  "  like 
a  walk  through  a  rich  summer  garden,"  describes 
pretty  accurately  the  feelings  of  the  reader.  But,  as 
we  must  find  some  fault,  where  is  the  Index  ? 

We  have  received  from  Birmingham  a  work  most 
creditable  to  all  concerned  in  its  production,  and  which 
will  be  found  of  interest  to  such  of  our  readers  as 
devote  their  attention  to  county  or  family  history.  It 
is  entitled  A  History  of  the  Holtes  of  Aston,  Barontts, 
with  a  Description  of  the  Family  Mansion,  Aston  Hall, 
Warwickshire,  by  Alfred  Davidson,  with  Illustrations 
from  Drawings  by  Allan  E.  Everitt ;  and  whether  we 
regard  the  care  with  which  Mr.  Davidson  has  executed 
the  literary  portion  of  the  work,  the  artistic  skill  of 
the  draughtsman,  or  the  manner  in  which  the  publisher 
has  brought  it  out,  we  may  safely  pronounce  it  a 
volume  well  deserving  the  attention  of  topographers 
generally,  and  of  Warwickshire  topographers  in  especial. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Folious  Appearances;  A  Con- 
sideration, on  our  Ways  of  lettering  Boohs.  Few  lovers 
of  old  books  and  good  binding  will  begrudge  half  a 
florin  for  this  quaint  opuscule  —  Indications  of  Instinct, 
by  T.  Lindley  Kemp,  the  new  number  of  the  Tra- 
veller's Library,  is  an  interesting  supplement  to  Dr. 
Kemp's  former  contribution  to  the  same  series,  The 
Natural  History  of  Creation.  —  We  record,  for  the  in- 
formation of  our  meteorological  friends,  the  receipt  of 
a  Daily  Weather  Journal  for  the  Year  1853,  kept  at  Is- 
lington by  Mr.  Simpson. 


FEB.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


BOOKS   AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  TURKS  IN  EUROPE.  By  Lord  John 
Russell. 

Of  SIR  WALTER  SCOTT'S  NOVELS,  without  the  Notes,  Constable's 
Miniature  Edition :  Anne  of  Geierstein,  Betrothed,  Castle 
Dangerous,  Count  Robert  of  Paris,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  High- 
land Widow,  Red  Gauntlet,  St.  Ronan's  Well,  Woodstock, 
Surgeon's  Daughter,  and  Talisman. 

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Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
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Vol. 


Edited 


THE  ACTS  AND  MONUMENTS  OF  JOHN  FOXE. 

by  Rev.  S.  Cattley.     Seeley  and  Burnside. 
VOLTAIRE'S  WORKS.    Vol.1.  Translated  by  Smollett.  Francklin, 

London,  1761. 
ECCLESIOLOGIST.     Vol.  V.     In  Numbers  or  unbound. 

Wanted  by  E.  Hailstone,  Horton  Hall,  Bradford,  Yorkshire. 


PKNNY  CYCLOPEDIA,  from  Part  CVII.  inclusive,  to  the  end. 

Wanted  by  Rev.  F.  N.  Mills,  11 .  Cunningham  Place,  St.  John's 
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any  erroneous  or  partial  accounts  to  the  prejudice  of  this  un- 
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ta 


COL.  CHARTERIS  or  CHARTRES.  —  Our  Correspondent  who  in- 
quires for  particulars  respecting  this  monster  of  depravity  is 
referred  to  Pope's  Works,  edit.  1736,  vol.  ii.  p.  24.  of  the  Ethic 
Epistles.  Also  to  the  following  works:  The  History  of  Col. 
Francis  Charteris  from  his  Birth  to  his  present  Catastrophe  in 
Newgate,  \to.  1730;  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Actions  of  Col. 
Ch  -  s,  8vo.  1730  ;  Life  of  Col.  Don  Francisco,  with  a  wood-cut 
portrait  of  Col.  Charteris  or  Chartres,  8vo. 

N.  On  the  "  Sun's  rays  putting  out  the  fire,"  see  Vol.  vii., 
pp.  285.  345.  439. 

R.  V.  T.  An  excellent  tract  may  be  had  for  a  few  pence  on 
The  History  of  Pews,  a  paper  read  before  the  Cambridge  Cnmden 
Society,  1841  :  see  also  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  iii.,  p.  56.,  and  Vol.  viii., 
p.  127. 

C.  K.  P.  (Bishop's  Stortford).  We  candidly  admit  that  your 
results  upon  waxed  paper  are  much  like  our  own,  for  no  certainty 
has  at  present  attended  our  endeavours.  If  the  paper  is  made 
sensitive,  then  it  behaves  exactly  as  yours  has  done  ;  and  if  fallow- 
ing other  formulae,  we  use  a  less  sensitive  paper,  then  the  exposure 
is  so  long  and  tedious  that  ire  are  not  anxious  to  pursue  Photo- 
graphy in  so  "slow  a  phase."  Why  not  adopt  and  abide  by  the 
simplicity  of  the  caloti/pe  process  as  given  in  a  late  Number  f  In 
the  writer's  possession  we  have  seen  nearly  a  hundred  consecutive 
negatives  without  a  failure. 

W.  S.  P.  (Newcastle-upon-Tyne).  Filtered  rain-water  is  far 
the  best  to  use  in  making  your  iodized  paper.  The  appearances 
which  you  describe  in  all  probability  depend  upon  the  different 
sheets  resting  too  firmly  upon  one  another,  so  that  the  water  has 
not  free  and  even  access  to  the  whole  sheet. 

H.  J.  (Norwich).  Turner's  paper  is  now  quite  a  precarious 
article  ;  a  specimen  which  has  come  to  us  of  his  recent  matte  is 
full  of  spots,  and  the  negative  useless.  Towgood's  is  admirable  for 
positives,  but  it  does  not  appear  to  do  well  for  i  >dizing.  We  hope 
to  be  soon  able  to  say  something  cheering  to  Photographers  upon 
a  good  paper  ! 

Errata.  —  MR.  P.  H.  FISHER  wishes  to  correct  an  error  in  his 
article  on  "  The  Court-house  at  Painswick,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  596., 
col.  2.,  for  "  The  lodge,  an  old  wooden  house,"  read  "  stone 
house."  Also  in  his  article  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  8.,  col.  2.,  for  "  Rev. 
—  Hook,"  read  "  Rev.  —  Stock." 

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garden,  fish-pond,  orchard,  &c.,  beautifully 
situate  on  a  gravelly  soil,  near  St.  George's 
Hill,  and  about  a  mile  from  the  Railway  Sta- 
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dairy,  small  conservatory,  coach-house,  sta- 
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J.  W.  PEPPERCORNE,  ESQ.,  2.  Exchange 
Buildings,  London. 


THE  ECLECTIC  REVIEW  for 
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1.  Burton's  History  of  Scotland,  from  the  Re- 

volution. 

2.  Gosse's  Naturalist's  Ramble  on  the  Devon- 

shire Coast. 

3.  Baumgarten  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles. 

4.  Professor  Silliman— a  new  Phase  in  Ameri- 

can Life. 

5.  Journals  and  Correspondence  of  Thomas 

Moore. 

6.  History  and  Resources  of  Turkey. 

7.  The  Dignity  of  the  Pulpit. 

Review  of  the  Month,  Short  Notices,  &c. 


THE  HOMILIST  for  JANU- 
ARY, 1854,  price  Is.  (commencing  Vol.  III.) 
contains,  among  other  Articles  : 

1.  The  Theory  of  True  Progress. 

2.  The  Absolute  in  Truth. 

3.  The  Prophet's  Dream. 

4.  Judas  ;  or,  Truth  sold  for  Money. 

5.  Caiaphas  ;  a  Glance  at  Government,  Human 

and  Divine. 

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denomination."  —  Birmingham  Mercury. 

WARD  &  CO.,  27.  Paternoster  Row. 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  223. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
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B 


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BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 

***  "  Familiar  Explanation  of  the  Pheno- 
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IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

L  DION.—  J.B.HOCKTN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
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equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 


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Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

SITIVE  PAPER    PROCESS.      By   J.   B. 
HOCKIN.    Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNEt 

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Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
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Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
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PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAME- 
RAS. -OTTE WILL'S  REGISTERED 
DOUBLE-BODIED  FOLDING  CAMERA, 
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New  Inventions,  Models,  &c.,made  to  order 
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PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 

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Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
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GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


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Now  ready,  price  25s.,  Second  Edition,  revised 
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mission to 

THE  (LATE1   ARCHBISHOP   OF 
CANTERBURY. 

PSALMS  AND  HYMNS   FOR 
THE  SERVICE  OF  THE    CHURCH. 

The  words  selected  by  the  Very  Rev.  II.  H. 
MILMAN,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  The 
Music  arranged  for  Four  Voices,  but  applicable 
also  to  Two  or  One,  including  Chants  for  the 
Services,  Responses  to  the  Commandments, 
and  a  Concise  SYSTEM  OF  CHANTING,  by  J.  B. 
SALE,  Musical  Instructor  and  Organist  to 
Her  Majesty.  4to.,  neat,  in  morocco  cloth, 
price  25.5.  To  be  had  of  Mr.  J.  B.  SALE,  21. 
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with  a  system  of  Chanting  of  a  very  superior 
character  to  any  which  has  hitherto  appeared." 
—  John  Bull. 

London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 
Also,  lately  published, 

J.  B.  SALE'S   SANCTUS, 

COMMANDMENTS  and  CHANTS  as  per- 
formed at  the  Chapel  Royal  St.  James,  price  2s. 
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PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
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Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
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testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:— "We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
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itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forrte,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasso, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
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E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  II.  Rodwell, 
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ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  II.  Wright,"  &c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


Printed  . 
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by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No..5.  New  Street  Square,  ™  »^  J^fj* 
de,  in  the  City  of  London ;  and  published  by  GEOKGK  BEIX,  ot  No.  186  Fleet  Street,  m  the  Parish  ot  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  Wn 
London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.-  Saturday,  February  4. 1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTERCOMMUNICATION 

FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

*  WHea  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLK. 


No.  224.] 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  11.  1854. 


f  Price  Fonrpence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Eliminate,  by  C.  Mansfield  Ingleby  -  119 
Cranmer's  Bible  -  -  -  -  1 19 

Sovereigns  Dining  and  Supping  in 

Public  -  -  -  -  120 

Parallel  Ideas  from  Poets,  by  Norris 

Deck 121 

The  great  Alphabetic  Psalm,  and  the 

Songs  of  Degrees,  by  T.J.  Bucktoh    -    121 

.MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Inscription  on  a 
Grave-stone  in  Whittlebury  Church- 
yard, Northamptonshire  —  Epitaph 
on  Sir  Henry  St.  George  —  Newton 
and  Milton  _  Eternal  Life  —  Inscrip- 
tions in  Books  —  Churchill's  Grave  -  122 

QUERIES:  — 

Coronation  Stone  -  -  -  -  123 
Old  Mereworth  Castle,  Kent  -  -  121 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  "  I  could  not  love 
thee,  dear,  so  much" —Leicester  as 
fRanger  of  Snowdeu  — Crabb  of  Tels- 
ford  —  Tolling  the  Bell  while  the 
Congregation  is  leaving  Church  — 
•O'Brien  of  Thosmond  _  Order  of  St. 
David  of  Wales  —  Warple-way  — 
Purlet  —  Liveries,  Red  and  Scarlet  — 
Dr.  Bragge  —  Chauncy,  or  Chancy  — 
Plaster  Casts— 2i«p«— Dogs  in  Monu- 
mental Brasses  -  125 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Marquis  of  Granby  —  "  Memorials 
of  English  Affairs,"  &c.  — Standing 
when  the  Lord's  Prayer  is  read  — 
Hypocrisy,  &c.  -  -  -  -  127 

HE  PLIES  :  — 

"  Consilium  Novem  Delectorum  Cardi- 

nalium,"  &c.,  by  B.  B.  Woodward     -  127 

John  Bunyan,  by  George  Offor   -           -  129 

The  Asteroids,  &c.,  by  J.  Wm.  Harris  -  129 

Caps  at  Cambridge,  by  C.  II.  Cooper  -  130 
Russia,  Turkey,  and  the  Black  Sea,  by 

John  Macray       -  132 
High  Dutch  and  Low  Dutch,  by  Pro- 
fessor Goedes  de  GrUter           -          -  132 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE: — The 
Calotype  on  the  Sea-shore  -  -  134 

HEPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES: — Ned  0* 
the  Todding—  Hour-glasses  and  In- 
scriptions on  Old  Pulpits  — Table- 
turning —  "Firm  was  their  faith"  — 
The  Wilbraham  Cheshire  MS.  _ 
Mousehunt  —  Begging  the  Question 

—  Termination   "  -by  "  —  German 
Tree  —  Celtic   Etymology  —  Recent 
Curiosities  of  Literature  _  D.  O.  M. 

—  Dr.  John  Taylor— Lines  attributed 
to  Hudibras—  "  Corporations  have  no 
Souls,"  &c — Lord  Mayor  of  London 
a  Privy  Councillor  — Booty's  Case — 
"Sat  cito,  si  sat  bene  "  —  Celtic  and 
Latin  Languages  — Brydone  the  Tour- 
ist's Birth-place  -  135 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.  -  -  -  138 
Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted  -  138 
Is  otices  to  Correspondents  -  -  139 


VOL.  IX — ISTo.  224. 


SCIENTIFIC  RECREATION  FOR  YOUTH 
—EXPERIMENTAL  CHEMISTRY. 

A  MUSEMENT     FOR     LONG 

J\  EVENINGS,  by  means  of  STATHAM'S 
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lustrated Descriptive  Catalogue"  forwarded 
Free  for  Stamp. 

WILLIAM  E.  STATHAM,  Operative  Che- 
mist, 29 c.  Rotherfleld  Street,  Islington, 
London,  and  of  Chemists  and  Opticians 
everywhere. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  SOCIETY. 

_L  —THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHOTO- 
GRAPHS AND  DAGUERREOTYPES  is 
now  open  at  the  Gallery  of  the  Society  of 
British  Artists,  Suffolk  Street,  Pall  Mall,  in  the 
Morning  from  10  A.M.  to  half-past  4  P.M.,  and 
in  the  Evening  from  7  to  10  P.M.  Admission  Is. 
Catalogue  6d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITU- 
TION. —  An  EXHIBITION  of  PIC- 
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Italian,  and  English  Photographers,  embrac- 
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of  Furop?,  is  now  OPEN.  Admission  Gd.  A 
Portrait  taken  by  MR.  TALBOT'S  Patent 
Process,  One  Guinea ;  Two  extra  Copies  for 
ICs. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  NEW  BOND  STREET. 


EAL  &  SON'S  ILLUS- 
TRATED CATALOGUE  OF  BED- 
ADS,  sent  free  by  post.  It  contains  de- 
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Quilts. 

HEAL  &  SON,  Bedstead  and  Bedding  Manu- 
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"DENNETT'S       MODEL 

I )  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CIIEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditt6,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer,Gold, 
50  u'uineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  22.,  32.,  and  42.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65,  CHEATSIDE. 


TEGG'S  CHRONOLOGY. 

In  One  handsome  Volume,  post  8vo.,  cloth, 
price  9s. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


PUBLISHED  BY 

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guage is  plain  Saxon  language,  from  which 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  11,  1854. 


ELIMINATE. 

(Vol.  v.,  p.  317.) 

"  N.  &  Q."  has  from  time  to  time  done  much 
good  service  by  holding  up  to  reprobation  modern 
and  growing  corruptions  of  the  English  language. 
I  trust  that  its  columns  may  be  open  to  one  more 
attempt  to  rescue  from  abuse  the  word  which 
stands  at  the  head  of  this  article. 

Its  signification,  whether  sought  from  Latin 
usage  and  etymology,  or  from  the  works  of  English 
mathematicians,  is  "to  turn  out  of  doors,"  "to 
oust,"  or,  as  we  say  in  the  midland  counties,  "to 
get  shut  of."  In  French  it  may  be  rendered  as 
well  by  se  defaire  as  by  eliminer.  Within  the 
last  seven  or  eight  years,  however,  this  valuable 
spoil  of  dead  Latinity  has  been  strangely  per- 
verted, and,  through  the  ignorance  or  carelessness 
of  writers,  it  has  bidden  fair  to  take  to  itself  two 
significations  utterly  distinct  from  its  derivation, 
viz.  to  "  elicit,"  and  to  "  evaluate."  The  former 
signification,  if  less  vicious,  is  more  commonly 
used  than  the  latter.  I  append  examples  of  both 
from  three  of  the  most  elegant  writers  of  the  day. 
In  the  third  extract  the  word  under  consideration 
is  used  in  the  latter  sense ;  in  the  other  extracts  it 
carries  the  former. 

Lectures  on  the  Philosophical  Tendencies  of  the 
Age,  by  J.  D.  Morrell,  London,  1848,  p.  41. : 

"  Had  the  men  of  ancient  times,  when  they  peopled 
the  universe  with  deities,  a  deeper  perception  of  the 
religious  element  in  the  mind,  than  had  Newton,  when 
having  eliminated  the  great  law  of  the  natural  creation, 
his  enraptured  soul  burst  forth  into  the  infinite  and 
adored  ?  " 

I  take  one  more  illustration  (among  many 
others)  from  pp.  145,  146.  of  this  work  : 

"  It  would  not  be  strictly  speaking  correct  to  call 
them  philosophical  methods,  because  a  philosophical 
method  only  exists  when  any  tendency  works  itself 
clear,  and  gives  rise  to  a  formal,  connected,  and  logical 
system  of  rules,  by  which  we  are  to  proceed  in  the 
elimination  of  truth." 

The  Eclipse  of  Faith,  by  Professor  Rogers, 
London,  1852,  p.  392.  : 

"  They  are  now  at  college,  and  have  imbibed  in 
different  degrees  that  curious  theory  which  professedly 
recognises  Christianity  (as  consigned  to  the  New  Tes- 
tament) as  a  truly  divine  revelation,  yet  asserts  that  it 
is  intermingled  with  a  large  amount  of  error  and  ab- 
surdity, and  tells  each  man  to  eliminate  the  divine 
«  element '  for  himself.  According  to  this  theory,  the 
problem  of  eliciting  revealed  truth  may  be  said  to  be 
indeterminate,  the  value  of  the  unknown  varies  through 


all  degrees  of  magnitude ;  it  is  equal  to  any  thing, 
equal  to  every  thing,  equal  to  nothing,  equal  to  in- 
finity." 

Theological  Essays,  by  F.  D.  Maurice,  Cam- 
bridge, 1853,  p.  89. : 

"  Let  us  look,  therefore,  courageously  at  the  popular 
dogma,  that  there  are  certain  great  ideas  floating  in 
the  vast  ocean  of  traditions  which  the  old  world  ex- 
hibits to  us,  that  the  gospel  appropriated  some  of 
these,  and  that  we  are  to  detect  them  and  eliminate 
them  from  its  own  traditions." 

But  for  the  fact  that  such  writers  hav^  given 
the  weight  of  their  names  to  so  unparalleled  a 
blunder,  it  would  seem  almost  childish  to  occupy 
the  columns  of  a  literary  periodical  with  exposing 
it.  It  is,  however,  somewhat  singular  that  it 
should  be  principally  men  of  classical  attainments 
who  perpetrate  it.  In  my  under-graduate  days  at 
Cambridge,  the  proneness  of  "  classical  men "  to 
commit  the  blunder  in  question  was  proverbial. 

In  conclusion,  then,  let  it  be  remembered  that 
the  word  "  eliminate "  obtained  general  currency 
from  the  circumstance  of  its  being  originally  ad- 
mitted into  mathematical  works.  In  such  works 
elimination  signifies  the  process  of  causing  a 
function  to  disappear  from  an  equation,  the  so- 
lution of  which  would  be  embarrassed  by  its  pre- 
sence there.  In  other  writings  the  word  "  elimi- 
nation "  has  but  one  correct  signification,  viz.  "the 
extrusion  of  that  which  is  superfluous  or  irrele- 
vant." As  an  example  of  this  legitimate  use  of  the 
word,  I  will  quote  from  Sir  William  Hamilton's 
accurate,  witty,  and  learned  article  on  "  Logic," 
published  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  April,  1833  : 

"  The  preparatory  step  of  the  discussion  was,  there- 
fore, an  elimination  of  these  less  precise  and  appropriate 
significations,  which,  as  they  could  at  best  only  afford 
a  remote  genus  and  difference,  were  wholly  incompe- 
tent for  the  purpose  of  a  definition." 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 
Birmingham. 


CRANMER'S  BIBLE. 

Queries  which  I  have  heard  at  various  timesr 
lead  me  to  think  that  a  Note  on  this  interesting 
volume  may  be  acceptable  to  many  readers  who 
possess  or  have  access  to  it;  and  especially  to 
those  whose  copies  may  be  (as  too  many  are) 
imperfect  at  the  beginning  and  end.  Under  this 
impression  I  send  you  an  extract  from  the  late 
Mr.  Lea  Wilson's  catalogue  of  his  unrivalled  Col- 
lection of  English  Bibles.  As  very  few  copies  of 
this  curious  and  beautiful  work  were  printed,  and 
not  one,  I  believe,  has  been  sold,  it  is  probable 
that  few  of  your  readers  are  aware  of  the  criteria 
which  that  gentleman's  ingenuity  and  industry 
have  furnished  for  distinguishing  between  the 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  224. 


various  editions  which  are  known  under  the  title 
of  The  Great  Bible,  or  Crammer's  Bible.  He 
begins  his  description  of  the  edition  of  April, 
1539,  thus: 

"  As  this  volume  is  commonly  called  the  First  Edi- 
tion of  Cranmer's  or  the  Great  Bible,  I  class  it  with 
the  Six  following;  although  in  fact  the  Archbishop 
had  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  either  the  translation 
or  publication.  It  was  put  forth  entirely  by  Thomas 
Lord  Cromwell,  vide  Herbert's  Amen,  p.  1550.  vol.  iii., 
who  employed  Coverdale  to  revise  the  existing  trans- 
lations. The  first  wherein  Cranmer  took  any  part  is 
the  large  folio  of  April  1540,  the  text  of  which  differs 
from  this  edition  materially.  The  pages  of  this  volume 
and  of  the  four  next  following  begin  and  end  alike  ; 
and  the  general  appearance  of  the  whole  five  is  so  very 
similar  that  at  first  sight,  one  may  be  mistaken  for 
another  by  those  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  they  are  all 
separate  and  distinct  impressions  :  the  whole  of  the 
titles,  of  which  there  are  five  in  each  Book,  and  every 
leaf  of  kalendar,  prologue,  text,  and  tables  being  en- 
tirely recomposed,  and  varying  throughout  in  ortho- 
graphy, &c.  The  desire  to  make  perfect  copies  out  of 
several  imperfect,  has  also  caused  extreme  confusion,  by 
uniting  portions  of  different  editions  without  due  re- 
gard to  their  identity.  These  remarks  apply  equally 
to  the  editions  of  Nov.  1540,  and  Nov.  1541,  of  which, 
in  like  manner,  each  page  begins  and  ends  with  the 
same  words.  Although  the  distinctive  marks  are 
very  numerous,  yet  being  chiefly  typographical  orna- 
ments or  arrangement,  it  is  impossible  to  give  here  suf- 
ficient guides  to  ensure  the  integrity  of  each  volume." 
—  Page  12. 

On  the  next  page  but  one  is  added  : 

"  The  following  lines  of  the  forty-first  chapter  of  Job 
differ  in  composition  in  all  the  seven  volumes,  and  for 
the  purpose  of  distinguishing  the  edition  I  have  given 
them  to  each." 

No.  1.     April,  1539. 

n<&  ma  te  $Q  cruel!,  tljat 
to  £tere  I)  tin  bp.  *  Wqa 
toStanfcejbefore  me? 
Ijatf)  geue  me  angtljing  afore 
fjaitite,   tljat  3£  mawe  reuiarUe 
Stmagagne? 

No.  2.     April,  1540. 

n®  man  f3  £0  crucll,  g* 
to  stere  f)t  bp.  * 
to  statte  Before  me? 
f)atl)  geuen  we  aug  tljiwg  a 
fore  Ijaae,  g1  £  mawe  refcoar* 
tie  f)tm  agawte  ? 


aBIe 
aBIe 


aBIe 
aBIe 


II 


No.  3.     July,  1540. 

B  man  te  £0  cruell,  w4  te  aBIe 
to  stere  Ijmn  bp.  ~*tof)0  ig 
aBIe  to  £ta  >tfe  Before  me  ?  <&r 
J  to  1)0  Ijatf)  geuen  me  ang 
tljguge  aforeijanoe,  tfjat  3E 
mage  retoarae  I)  tin  agagne? 


No.  4.    .Mn/,  1541. 

•»rC9  man  i£  £0  cruell,  tljat  fc  Ija- 

M   Ble  to  stgrre  fjgm  bp.  *S2IOo  te 

w  I;aBIe  to  itan%r  Before  me?  c9r 

1  tirjljo  Ijatlj  geuc  me  ang  tl)tng 

i  •  aforeljantfr,   tljat  3E  mage   re^ 

iuartfe  Ijgm  agagne  ?   £11  i 

.ZVb.  5.     December,  1541. 

'%T<&  ma  i£  $a  cruel,  tljat 

1   to  atgrre  Ijgm  bp. 

W  IjaBIe  to  ^tantr  Before  me?   <9r 

I  t  ^-1)0   ljatl)c  gmten   me   ange 

••  •  tljiwge   afare    pantJe,    tfjat  S 
mane   retoarfte    tym   agamic? 

No.  6.     November,  1540. 

•»  |©  man  t^  ^o  cruell  tljat  te  aBIe  to 

1|  Ijgm  bp.    *  iOTjo  t^  aBIe  to  ^tantfe  Be- 

a  fore  me?    C9r  ^  to^o  Ijatlj  geuen  me  ang 

•  •  •  tf)!?iiQ£  afore  Ijantfe,  tljat  £  mage  re* 

JVy.  7.     November,  1541. 

©  man  itf  s'o  cruell  tfjat  i$  JjaBIe  to 
tftgrre  fjgjn  bp.  *®iiIH^o  te  ftaBle  ta 
jStanoe  Before  me  ?  (9r  J  toljo  l;atlj  gg- 
ueii  me  ang  tljgng  afore  ijanoe,  t§iit 
i  mage  retoaroe  ggm  agagne?  ^11 

I  believe  the  foregoing  to  be  an  exact  copy  of 
Mr.  Wilson's  catalogue,  but,  of  course,  I  cannot 
be  responsible  for  the  accuracy  of  his  transcripts. 
Perhaps  none  but  those  who  were  admitted  to  his 
library  ever  had  an  opportunity  of  comparing  to- 
gether all  those  editions  ;  and  nobody  would  have 
done  it  with  more  care  and  fidelity  than  himself. 

S.  Pv.  M. 


SOVEREIGNS    DINING    AND    SUPPING    IN   PUBLIC. 

In  some  observations  which  I  made  upon  two 
or  three  pictures  in  Hampton  Court  Palace,  in 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  538  ,  I  specified  two  worthy  of  notice 
on  the  above  subject,  and  which  are  the  first 
instances  of  such  ceremony  I  have  met  with.  It 
has  been  supposed  to  have  been  a  foreign  custom, 
but  I  do  not  find  any  traces  of  it  upon  record.* 


[*  The  custom  was  observed  at  a  much  earlier 
period;  for  we  find  that  King  Edward  II.  and  his 
queen  Isabella  of  France  kept  their  court  at  West- 
minster during  the  Whitsuntide  festival  of  1317  :  and 
on  one  occasion,  as  they  were  dining  in  public  in  the 
great  banqueting-hall,  a  woman  in  a  mask  entered  on 
horseback,  and  riding  up  to  the  royal  table,  delivered 
a  letter  to  King  Edward,  who,  imagining  that  it  con- 
tained some  pleasant,  conceit  or  elegant  compliment, 
ordered  it  to  be  opened  and  read  aloud  for  the  amuse- 
ment of  his  courtiers ;  but,  to  his  great  mortification, 
it  was  a  cutting  satire  on  his  unkingly  propensities, 
setting  forth  in  no  measured  terms  all  the  calamities 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


121 


One  can  easily  imagine  that  the  fastueux  Louis 
XIV.  would  have  no  objection  to  such  display, 
and  that  his  mistresses,  as  well  as  queen,  would 
be  of  the  party,  when  we  read,  that  in  the  royal 
progresses  two  of  the  former  were  scandalously 
paraded  in  the  same  carriage  with  his  queen.  To 
this  immoral  exhibition,  indeed,  public  opinion 
seemed  to  give  no  check,  as  we  read,  that  "  les 
peuples  accouraient  'pourvoir,'  disaient-ils,  'les 
trois  reines,'  "  wherever  they  appeared  together. 
Of  these  three  queens,  the  true  one  was  Marie- 
Therese:  the  two  others  were  La  Marquise  de 
Montespan  and  Mme.  de  la  Valliere.  But.  to  re- 
turn to  my  subject.  I  find  by  the  London  Gazette, 
No.  6091.  of  Sept.  4,  1722,  that  Geo.  I.,  in  his 
progress  to  the  west  of  England,  supped  in  public 
at  the  Bishop's  (Dr.  Richard  Willis)  palace  at 
Salisbury  on  Wednesday,  Aug.  29,  1722  ;  and 
slept  there  that  night. 

The  papers  of  the  period  of  George  II.  say  : 

"  There  was  such  a  resort  to  Hampton  Court  on 
Sunday,  July  14,  1728,  to  see  their  Majesties  dine, 
that  the  rail  surrounding  the  table  broke  ;  and  causing 
some  to  fall,  made  a  terrible  scramble  for  hats,  &c.,  at 
which  their  Majesties  laughed  heartily." 

And,— 

"  On  Thursday,  the  25th  of  the  same  month,  it  is 
stated,  the  concourse  to  see  their  Majesties  dine  in 
public  at  Hampton  Court  was  exceedingly  great.  A 
gang  of  robbers  (the  swell-mob  of  that  day?)  had 
mixed  themselves  among  the  nobility  and  gentry; 
several  gold  watches  being  lost,  besides  the  ladies' 
gown  tails  and  laced  lappets  cut  off  in  number." 

And  again  : 

"  On  Sunday,  15th  September,  1728,  their  Majesties 
dined  together  in  public  at  Windsor  (as  they  will  con- 
tinue to  do  every  Sunday  and  Thursday  during  their 
stay  there),  when  all  the  country  people,  whether  in  or 
out  of  mourning,  were  permitted  to  see  them." 

Besides  those  three  occasions  of  George  II.  and 
Queen  Caroline  dining  in  public,  we  have  another 
recorded  attended  with  some  peculiar  circum- 
stances!, as  mentioned  in  the  London  Gazette, 
No.  7623.  of  Tuesday,  Aug.  2,  1737  : 

"  The  31st  ult.  being  Sunday,  their  Majesties,  the 
Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales,  and  the  Princesses  Amelia 
and  Caroline,  went  to  chapel  at  Hampton  Court,  and 
heard  a  sermon  preached  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Blomer. 
Their  Majesties,  and  the  rest  of  the  royal  family,  dined 
afterwards  in  public  as  usual  before  a  great  number  of 

which  his  misgovernment  had  brought  upon  England. 
The  woman  was  immediately  taken  into  custody,  and 
confessed  that  she  had  been  employed  by  a  certain 
knight.  The  knight  boldly  acknowledged  what  he 
had  done,  and  said,  "  That,  supposing  the  King  would 
read  the  letter  in  private,  he  took  that  method  of  ap- 
prising him  of  the  complaints  of  his  subjects." —  Strick- 
land's Queens  of  England,  vol.  i.  p.  487 ED.] 


spectators.  About  seven  o'clock  that  evening,  the 
Princess  of  Wales  was  taken  with  some  slight  symptoms 
of  approaching  labour,  and  was  removed  to  St.  James's  ; 
where,  a  little  after  eleven,  she  was  delivered  of  a 
princess." 

This  was  the  Princess  Augusta,  who  was  married 
to  the  Prince  of  Brunswick  Wolfenbiittel.  «J>. 

Richmond. 


PARALLEL  IDEAS    FROM    POETS. 

Longfellow  and  Tennyson : 

"  And  like  a  lily  on  a  river  floating, 
She  floats  upon  the  river  of  his  thoughts." 

Spanish  Student,  Act  II.  Se.  3. 

"  Now  folds  the  lily  all  her  sweetness  up, 
And  slips  into  the  bosom  of  the  lake ; 
So  fold  thyself,  my  dearest,  thou,  and  slip 
Into  my  bosom  and  be  lost  in  me." 

Princess,  Part  vii. 
Wordsworth  and  Keble  : 

"  A  book,  upon  whose  leaves  some  chosen  plants 
By  his  own  hand  disposed  with  nicest  care, 
In  undecaying  beauty  were  preserved ;  — 
Mute  register,  to  him,  of  time  and  place, 
And  various  fluctuations  in  the  breast; 
To  her,  a  monument  of  faithful  love 
Conquered,  and  in  tranquillity  retained  !" 

Excursion,  Book  vi. 

"  Like  flower-leaves  in  a  precious  volume  stor'd, 

To  solace  and  relieve 

Some  heart  too  weary  of  the  restless  world." 
Christian  Year :  Prayers  to  be  used  at  Sea.. 

Moore  and  Keble : 

"  Now  by  those  stars  that  glance 
O'er  Heaven's  still  expanse, 
Weave  we  our  mirthful  dance, 
Daughters  of  Zea  !  " 

Evenings  in  Greece. 
"  Beneath  the  moonlight  sky, 
The  festal  warblings  flow'd, 
Where  maidens  to  the  Queen  of  Heaven 
Wove  the  gay  dance." 
Christian  Year ;   Eighth  Sunday  after  Trinity. 

NORRIS  DECK. 
Cambridge. 


THE    GREAT   ALPHABETIC    PSALM,    AND    THE    SONGS 
OF    DEGREES. 

In  attempting  to  discover  a  reason  for  the  di- 
vision of  Psalm  cxix.  into  twenty-two  portions  of 
eight  verses  each,  instead  of  seven  or  ten,  the  more 
favourite  numbers  of  the  Hebrew,  I  have  thought 
that,  as  the  whole  Psalm  is  chiefly  laudatory  of  the 
Thorah,  or  Law  of  Moses,  and  was  written  alpha- 
betically for  the  instruction  mainly  of  the  younger- 
people,  to  be  by  them  committed  to  memory,  a 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  224. 


didactic  reason  might  exist  for  making  up  the 
total  number  of  176  verses,  peculiar  to  this  Psalm. 
Adverting  then  to  the  necessity,  for  the  purposes 
of  Jewish  worship,  of  ascertaining  the  periods  of 
the  new  moons,  to  adjust  the  year  thereby,  I  find 
that  a  mean  lunation,  as  determined  by  the  latest 
authorities,  is  very  nearly  29'5306  days  (29d.  12h. 
44m.)  ;  and  as  the  Jewish  months  were  lunar,  six 
of  these  would  amount  to  177d.  4h.  24m.,  being 
somewhat  more  than  one  over  the  number  of 
verses  in  this  Psalm.  As  lunations,  from  ob- 
servation, vary  from  29d.  7h.  32m.  to  29d.  18h. 
50m.,  the  above  was  a  very  close  approximation 
to  the  half-year.  The  other  half  of  the  year  would 
vary  a  whole  lunation  (Veadar)  betwixt  the  or- 
dinary and  the  intercalary  year.*  This  was,  at 
least,  the  best  possible  combination  of  twenty-two 
letters  for  such  purpose.  This  Psalm  might  then 
have  answered  some  of  the  purposes  of  an  almanac. 
It  is  a  very  important  one  in  fixing  the  Hebrew 
metres,  the  initial  letter  being  the  same  for  every 
eight  verses  in  succession. 

The  words  at  the  commencement  of  Psalms  cxx. 
to  cxxxiv.,  rendered  "  Song  of  Degrees,"  appear 
to  me  to  signify  rather  "  song  of  ascents"  in  re- 
ference to  the  Jewish  practice  of  ascending  to  the 
house-top  to  watch  and  pray,  as  well  as  to  sleep. 
If  it  be  assumed  that  these  fifteen  Psalms  were  ap- 
propriated for  domestic  use  on  the  Jew  retiring, 
by  ascending  the  ladder  or  stairs,  to  the  upper 
part  or  top  of  the  house  (Ps.  cxxxii.  3.),  the 
meaning  of  several  passages  will  be  better  appre- 
hended, I  conceive,  than  by  supposing  that  they 
were  composed  solely  for  temple  use,  or,  as  Eich- 
horn  thinks,  to  be  sung  on  a  journey.  Standing 
on  the  house-top,  the  praying  Jew,  like  David  and 
Solomon,  would  have  in  view  heaven  and  earth 
(cxxi.  2.,  cxxiii.  1.),  the  sun  and  moon  (cxxi.  6.), 
the  surrounding  hills  (cxxi.  1.)  and  mountains 
(cxxv.  2.),  the  gates  and  city  of  Jerusalem 
(cxxii.  2.  3.  7.),  Mount  Zion  (cxxv.  1.),  the  watch- 
men on  the  walls  (cxxvii.  1.,  cxxx.  6.),  his  wife 
and  children  at  home  (cxxviii.  3.,  cxxxi.  2.),  the 
mower  bringing  in  his  sheaves,  compared  with  the 
grass  on  the  house-tops  (cxxix.  6—8.),  all  subjects 
especially  noted  in  these  fifteen  Psalms.  The 
number  eight  appears  to  be  a  favourite  one  in 
these,  as  well  as  in  Psalm  cxix.,  but  there  is  no 
reason  to  believe  that  such  number  refers  to  the 
octave  in  music.  It  mayv  refer,  however,  to  the 
number  of  stairs  or  steps  of  ascent.  I  am  not 
aware  that  the  above  views  have  been  previously 
taken,  which  is  my  reason  for  calling  attention  to 
this  interesting  and  well-debated  subject. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 


*  Their  shortest  ordinary  year  consisted  of  353,  and 
its  half  of  176^  days.  The  Mahometan  ordinary  half- 
year  consists  of  177  days.  The  calendar  months  of 
both  Jews  and  Mahometans  consist  of  29  and  30  days. 


Inscription  on  a  Grave-stone  in  Whittlebury 
Churchyard,  Northamptonshire. — 

"  In  Memory  of  John  Heath,  he  dy'd  Decbr  ye  17th, 

1767.      Aged  27  years. 
While  Time  doth  run  from  Sin  depart ; 
Let  none  e'er  shun  Death's  piercing  dart ; 
For  read  and  look,  and  you  will  see 
A  wondrous  change  was  wrought  on  me. 
For  while  I  lived  in  joy  and  mirth 
Grim  Death  came  in  and  stop't  my  breath: 
For  I  was  single  in  the  morning  light, 
By  noon  was  marri'd,  and  was  dead  at  night." 

H.  T.  WAKE. 

Epitaph  on  Sir  Henry  St.  George,  Garter 
Principal  King  of  Englishmen  [sic  in  MS.],  from 
a  MS.  in  the  Office  of  Arms,  London  (see  Bal- 
lard  MSS.,  vol.  xxix.)  : 

"  Here  lie  a  knight,  a  king,  a  saint, 
Who  lived  by  tilt  and  tournament. 
His  namesake,  George,  the  dragon  slew, 
But,  give  the  herald  king  his  due, 
He  could  disarm  ten  thousand  men, 
And  give  them  arms  and  shields  again. 
But  now  the  mighty  sire  is  dead, 
Reposing  here  his  hoary  head  ; 
Let  this  be  sacred  to  the  mem'ry 
Of  Knight  St.  George  and  of  King  Henry." 

BALLIOLENSIS. 

Newton  and  Milton.  —  Has  it  been  observed 
that  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  dying  words,  so  often 
quoted,  — 

"  I  am  but  as  a  child  gathering  pebbles  on  the  sea- 
shore, while  the  great  ocean  of  truth  still  lies  undisco- 
vered before  me." 

are  merely  an  adaptation  of  a  passage  in  Paradise 

Regained,  book  iv. : 

"  Deep  versed  in  books  and  shallow  in  himself, 
Crude  or  intoxicate,  collecting  toys 
And  trifles  for  choice  matters,  worth  a  sponge, 
As  children  gathering  pebbles  on  the  shore." 

ANON. 

Eternal  Life.  —  In  the  Mishna  (Berachoth, 
ch.  ix.  s.  5.)  the  doctrine  of  a  future  eternal  state 
is  clearly  set  forth  in  a  passage  which  is  rendered 
by  De  Sola  and  Raphali : 

"  But  since  the  Epicureans  perversely  taught,  there 
is  but  one  state  of  existence,  it  was  directed  that  men 
should  close  their  benedictions  with  the  form  [Blessed 
be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel]  from  eternity  to  eternity." 

A  like  explicit  declaration  of  such  future  state 
occurs  again  in  the  Mishna,  (Sanhedrin,  ch.  xi.  s.  1.). 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 
Birmingham. 

Inscriptions  in  Books.— The  following  are  taken 
eratim  from  the  margins  of  an  old  black-letter 


literatim 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


123 


Bible.     From  the  numerous  errors  we  may  sup- 
pose they  were  copied  from  dictation  by  a  person 
unacquainted  with  Latin. 
"  Quanto  doctiores  tanto  te  gesas  submiseias." 
«  Forasmuch  as  yu  art  ye  better  learned, 
By  so  much  yu  must  carry  thy  self  more  lowly." 

"  Si  deus  est  animus  nohis  ut  carmina  dicunt, 
Sic  tihi  pricipus  (bus?)  sit  pura  mente  colendus." 

"  Seing  y*  God  is,  as  ye  poets  say, 
A  liveing  soul,  lets  worship  him  alway." 

"  Tempora  (e?)  felici  multa  (i?)  numerantur  amici, 
Cum  fortuna  pent  nulus  amicus  erit." 

"  In  time  of  prosperity  friends  will  be  plenty, 
In  time  of  adversity  not  one  among  twenty." 

On  the  title-page,  "  John  Threlkeld's  Book  : " 
"  Hujus  in  dominum  cupius  (as?)  cognescere  libri, 
Supra  prospiscias,  nomen  habebis  ibi." 

"  Whose  booke  I  am  if  you  would  know, 
I  will  to  you  in  letters  show." 

On  the  other  side  : 

"  Thomas  Threlkeld  is  my  name,  and  for  to  write  .  . 

.  .   ing  ashame, 

And  if  my  pen  had  bene  any  better,  I  would  have 
mended  it  every  letter." 

This  last  example  closely  resembles  some  others 
given  in  a  late  Number  of  "  N.  &  Q."        J.  R.  G. 
Dublin. 


ChurchiWs  Grave. — It  is  not  perhaps  generally 
known,  that  the  author  of  The  Rosciad  was  buried 
in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Mary,  Dover.  On  a 
small  moss-covered  head-stone  is  the  following 
inscription : 

"  1764. 

Here  lie  the  remains  of  the  celebrated 
C.  CHURCHILL." 

"  Life  to  the  last  enjoy'd, 
Here  Churchill  lies. 

CANDIDATE." 

The  notice  is  sufficiently  brief ;  no  date,  except 
the  year,  nor  age  being  recorded.  The  biogra- 
phers inform  us,  that  he  died  at  Boulogne  of  a 
fever,  while  on  a  visit  to  Wilkes. 

The  cemetery  where  his  remains  are  deposited 
is  in  the  centre  almost  of  Dover ;  and  has  recently 
been  closed  for  the  purposes  of  sepulture,  with 
the  exception  of  family  vaults.  Adjoining  it  is  a 
small  retired  burial-place,  containing  at  the  most 
but  two  or  three  graves,  and  originally  belonging 
to  the  Tavenors.  Here  is  the  tomb  of  Captain 
Samuel  Tavenor,  an  officer  of  Cromwell,  and, 
during  his  ascendancy,  one  of  the  governors  of 
Deal  Castle.  Tavenor  was  a  man  distinguished 
for  his  courage,  integrity,  and  piety.  J.  BRENT. 


CORONATION    STONE 

A  few  years  ago  the  following  tradition  was  re- 
lated to  me  by  a  friend,  and  I  should  be  glad  if 
any  of  your  correspondents  can  inform  me  whether 
it  is  current  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain  or  Ire- 
land, and  whether  there  are  any  grounds  for  it. 
As  it  is  connected  with  one  of  our  most  interest- 
ing national  relics,  the  coronation  stone,  it  may 
not  prove  beneath  notice  ;  and  I  here  give  it  in. 
full,  shielding  myself  with  the  Last  Minstrel's 
excuse : 

"  I  know  not  how  the  truth  may  be, 
But  I  tell  the  tale  as  'twas  told  to  me." 

I  must  allow  that  its  extreme  vagueness,  if  not 
improbability,  hardly  warrants  an  inquiry  ;  but 
having  failed  in  obtaining  any  satisfactory  proofs 
among  my  own  friends,  as  a  last  resource  I  apply 
myself  to  the  columns  of  your  well-known  and 
useful  journal. 

When  Jacob  awoke  after  his  wonderful  dream, 
as  related  in  Genesis  (chap,  xxviii.),  he  said, 
"  Surely  the  Lord  is  in  this  place,  and  I  knew  it 
not;"  and  he  was  afraid,  and  said,  "How  dreadful 
is  this  place.  This  is  none  other  but  the  house 
of  God ;  and  this  is  the  gate  of  heaven."  He 
"  took  the  stone  that  he  had  put  for  his  pillow 
and  set  it  up  for  a  pillar,  and  poured  oil  upon  the 
top  of  it.  And  Jacob  vowed  a  vow,  saying,  If 
God  will  be  with  me,  and  will  keep  me  in  this 
way  that  I  go,  and  will  give  me  bread  to  eat  and 
raiment  to  put  on,  so  that  I  come  again  to  my 
father's  house  in  peace,  then  shall  the  Lord  be  my 
God :  and  this  stone,  which  I  have  set  for  a  pillar, 
shall  be  God's  house ;  and  of  all  that  Thou  shalt 
give  me  I  will  surely  give  the  tenth  unto  Thee." 

That  stone  (so  runs  the  legend)  is  supposed  to 
have  been  taken  away  from  Bethel  by  the  House 
of  Joseph,  when  they  destroyed  the  city  and  its 
inhabitants  (Judges  i.);  and  a  tradition,  that  who- 
soever possessed  that  stone  would  be  especially 
blessed,  and  be  king  or  chief,  was  current  among 
the  Jews  ;  the  stone  itself  being  guarded  by  them 
with  jealous  care. 

On  the  first  destruction  of  Jerusalem,  some  of 
the  royal  family  of  Judah  are  supposed  to  have 
escaped,  and  to  have  gone  in  search  of  an  asylum 
beyond  the  sea,  taking  this  precious  stone  with 
them.  Their  resting-place  was  Ireland,  where 
they  founded  a  kingdom.  Many  centuries  after- 
wards, a  brother  of  the  king  descended  from  these 
exiles,  named  Fergus,  went,  with  his  brother's 
permission,  to  found  a  kingdom  in  Scotland.  He 
said,  however,  he  would  not  go  without  the  sacred 
stone.  This  his  brother  refused  to  give  him  ;  but 
Fergus  stole  it,  and  established  a  kingdom  in 
Scotland.  His  descendants  became  kings  of  all 
Scotland,  and  were  crowned  sitting  on  that  stone, 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


which  was  taken  away  by  Edward  I.,  and  is  now 
in  Westminster  Abbey. 

These  are  the  outlines  of  this  tradition.  My 
object  now  is  to  ask  whether  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents can  inform  me,  first,  Whether  the  Jews 
bad,  or  have,  any  like  superstition  concerning 
Jacob's  pillar ;  and  whether  the  royal  family  of 
Judah  possessed  such  a  stone  among  their  trea- 
sures ?  Secondly,  Whether  any  Jews  are  sup- 
posed to  have  settled  in  Ireland  at  so  early  a 
period ;  and  whether  (that  being  the  case)  there 
are  now,  or  were  once,  proofs  of  their  having  done 
so,  either  in  the  Irish  language  or  in  any  of  the 
ancient  laws,  customs,  buildings,  &c.  of  the  coun- 
try ?  Thirdly,  Whether  the  Scotch  believe  that 
stone  to  have  come  from  Ireland ;  and  whether 
that  belief  in  the  owner  of  it  being  king  existed 
in  Scotland  ?  and,  lastly,  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents, learned  in  geology,  inform  me  whether 
the  like  kind  of  stone  is  to  be  met  with  in  any 
part  of  the  British  Isles  ?  or  whether,  as  the  le- 
gend runs,  a  similar  kind  of  stone  is  found  in  the 
Arabian  plains  ?  The  story  has  interested  me 
greatly ;  and  if  I  could  gain  any  enlightenment 
on  the  subject,  I  should  be  much  obliged  for  it. 

AN  INDIAN  SUBSCRIBER. 

[Several  of  our  historians,  as  Matthew  of  West- 
minster, Hector  Boethius,  Robert  of  Gloucester,  the 
poet  Harding,  &c..  have  noticed  this  singular  legend  ; 
but  we  believe  the  Rabbinical  writers  (as  suggested  by 
our  Indian  correspondent)  have  never  been  consulted 
respecting  it.  Sandford,  in  his  valuable  History  of  the 
Coronation  of  James  II.  (fol.,  1687,  p.  39.),  has  given 
some  dates  and  names  which  will  probably  assist  our 
correspondents  in  elucidating  the  origin  of  this  far- 
famed  relic.  He  says,  "Jacob's  stone,  or  The  Fatal 
Marble  Stone,  is  an  oblong  square,  about  twenty-two 
inches  long,  thirteen  inches  broad,  and  eleven  inches 
deep,  of  a  bluish  steel-like  colour,  mixed  with  some 
veins  of  red  ;  whereof  history  relates  that  it  is  the 
stone  whereon  the  patriarch  Jacob  is  said  to  have  lain 
his  head  in  the  plain  of  Luza.  That  it  was  brought 
to  Brigantia  in  the  kingdom  of  Gallacia  in  Spain,  in 
which  place  Gathal,  King  of  Scots,  sat  on  it  as  his 
throne.  Thence  it  was  brought  into  Ireland  by  Simon 
Brech,  first  King  of  Scots,  about  700  years  before 
Christ's  time,  and  from  thence  into  Scotland,  by  King 
Fergus,  about  330  years  before  Christ.  In  the  year 
850  it  was  placed  in  the  abbey  of  Scone  in  the  sherif- 
dom  of  Perth  by  King  Kenneth,  who  caused  it  to  be 
inclosed  in  a  wooden  chair  (jiow  called  St.  Edward's 
Chair),  and  this  prophetical  distich  engraven  on  it : 

*  Ni  fallat  Fatum,  Scoti  hunc  quocunque  locatum 

Inveniunt  lapidem,  regnare  tenentur  ibidem.' 
'  If  Fates  go  right,  where'er  this  stone  is  found, 
The  Scots  shall  monarchs  of  that  realm  be  crown'd.' 

Which  is  the  more  remarkable  by  being  fulfilled  in  the 
person  of  James  I.  of  England."  Calmet,  however, 
states  that  the  Mahometans  profess  to  have  this  relic 
in  their  custody.  He  says,  "  The  Mahometans  think 
that  Jacob's  stone  was  conveyed  to  the  Temple  of  Jeru- 


salem, and  is  still  preserved  in  the  mosque  there,  where 
the  Temple  formerly  stood.  They  call  it  Al-sahra,  or 
the  stone  of  unction.  The  Cadi  Gemaleddin,  son  of 
Vallel,  writes,  that  passing  through  Jerusalem,  in  his 
way  to  Egypt,  he  saw  Christian  priests  carrying  glass 
phials  full  of  wine  over  the  Sakra,  near  which  the 
Mussulmcn  had  built  their  temple,  which,  for  this 
reason,  they  call  the  Temple  of  the  Stone.  The  wine 
which  the  Christian  priests  set  upon  the  stone  was  no. 
doubt  designed  for  the  celebration  of  mass  there."] 


OLD    MEREWORTH    CASTLE,    KENT. 

Among  your  subscribers  there  are  doubtless 
many  collectors  of  topographical  drawings  and  en- 
gravings. I  shall  feel  specially  obliged  if  any  of 
them  could  find  in  their  collections  a  view  of  old 
Mereworth  Castle  (as  it  stood  prior  to  the  com- 
paratively modern  erection  of  Lord  Westmore- 
land), and  furnish  me  with  a  long  desiderated 
description  of  it.  Local  tradition  represents  it  as 
having  been  a  baronial  castle  rising  from  the 
middle  of  a  small  lake,  like  that  of  Leeds,  though 
of  smaller  dimensions,  with  the  parish  church  at- 
tached. I  should  rather  conjecture  it  to  have 
been  an  ancient  moated  manor-house,  magnified, 
in  the  course  oft  tradition,  into  a  baronial  castle 
and  lake. 

Whatever  the  old  building  was,  it  was  pulled 
down  by  John,  seventh  Earl  of  Westmoreland, 
during  the  first  half  of  the  last  century.  Had  it 
been  of  the  character  of  Leeds  Castle,  as  the  re- 
presentative of  a  long  line  of  baronial  ancestry,  he 
would  hardly  have  levelled  such  a  structure,  with 
all  its  inspiring  associations,  merely  for  the  purpose 
of  gratifying  his  passion  for  Palladian  architecture 
by  the  erection  of  the  present  mansion. 

The  ancient  building  seems  to  have  been  the 
residence  of  the  knightly  family  of  De  Mereworth 
during  the  twelfth,  thirteenth,  and  part  of  the 
fourteenth  centuries,  and  from  that  time,  till  near 
the  end  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  it  ceased  to  be  a 
family  residence;  for,  after  passing  through  va- 
rious hands  (none  of  whom  were  likely  to  have 
resided  there),  it  descended  in  1415  to  Joan,  wife 
of  the  Lord  Burgavenny,  sister  and  coheir  to  the 
Earl  of  Arundel.  The  Burgavennys  of  that  day 
resided  always  at  their  castle  of  Birling,  which 
circumstance  would  intimate  that  it  was  a  grander 
and  more  baronial  residence  than  Mereworth 
Castle  (for  they  had  come  into  possession  of  both 
estates  very  nearly  at  the  same  period)  ;  and 
afterwards  Mereworth  by  settlement  passed  to 
Sir  Thomas  Fane  of  Badsell,  in  marriage  with 
Mary,  daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  Henry  Lord 
Burgavenny,  and  "jure  suo"  Baroness  Despencer, 
in  1574.  From  that  time  till  its  dismantling  in 
the  last  century,  Mereworth  Castle  was  again  a 
family  residence,  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  West- 
moreland ;  Francis,  eldest  son  of  said  Sir  Thomas 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


Fane  and  Mary  Baroness  Depencer,  having  been 
advanced  to  that  earldom.  As  the  seat  of  a 
noble  family  for  more  than  a  century  and  a  half, 
it  is  hardly  likely  that  no  view  should  have  been 
taken  of  it ;  I  have  searched,  however,  in  vain  for 
it  in  Harris,  Buck,  and  other  published  collections. 

It  would  be  a  matter  of  special  interest  to  many 
besides  myself,  to  obtain  some  information  re- 
specting it. 

John,  seventh  earl,  the  builder  of  the  present 
Pall  ad  i  an  mansion,  died  in  1762,  when  the  earldom 
passed  to  a  distant  cousin,  and  the  barony  of  De- 
spencer  was  called  out  of  abeyance  in  favour^  of 
Sir  Francis  Dashwood,  the  son  and  representative 
of  Mary,  sister  and  eldest  co-heir  of  John,  seventh 
Earl  of  Westmoreland,  and  heir  to  his  estates. 
On  his  death  s.  p.,  Sir  Thomas  Stapleton,  sole 
heir  to  the  Barony  of  Despencer  (as  lineal  de- 
scendant and  heir  of  Catherine,  the  younger  sister 
and  co-heir  of  the  said  John,  seventh  earl),  suc- 
ceeded to  the  estate  ;  and  from  him  it  has  lineally 
descended  to  Mary,  Viscountess  Falmouth,  and 
"jure  suo"  Baroness  Despencer,  the  present 
representative  of  the  family.  At  Mereworth 
Castle  itself,  where  the  Viscount  and  Viscountess 
Falmouth  reside,  there  is  no  view  of  the  old 
"building ;  but  it  is  very  possible  that  some  drawing 
or  engraving  of  it  may  exist  in  some  of  the  resi- 
dences of  the  Earls  of  Westmoreland  subsequent 
to  the  seventh  earl,  or  at  the  seat  of  the  Dash- 
woods,  or  in  the  British  Museum. 

I  trouble  you  with  this  Query,  in  the  hope  that, 
.among  your  numerous  readers,  some  one  may  be 
..placed  in  a  position  to  give  us  information  on  the 
subject.  In  doing  so  they  would  greatly  oblige 

CANTIANUS. 


"  I  could  not  love  thee,  dear,  so  much" — Where 
-are  the  following  lines  to  be  found  ?  what  is  the 
.context  ? 

"  I  could  not  love  thee,  dear,  so  much, 
Loved  I  not  honour  more." 

H. 

Leicester  as  Ranger  of  Snowden. — In  the  reign 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Leicester  was  made  Ranger 
>of  Snowden  Forest,  and  using  violent  means  to 
-extort  unjust  taxes  from  the  people,  under  cover 
of  this  appointment,  he  was  opposed  and  resisted 
fcy  eight  Welsh  gentlemen,  under  the  leadership 
of  Sir  Richard  Bulkeley,  of  Baron  Hill,  in  Angle- 
sey. Among  these  was  a  Madryn  of  Madryn,  a 
Hugh  ap  Richard  of  Cefnllanfair,  a  Griffith  of 
Cefn  Amlwch,  £c.  These  patriotic  gentlemen 
met  with  imprisonment  in  the  Tower  of  London 
as  their  only  recompense  ;  and  there  are  extant 
poems  by  Guttyn,  Peris,  and  other  bards,  ad- 
dressed to  them  on  the  subject.  I  should  be 


obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  to  give  me 
any  farther  information  on  this  subject,  or  refer- 
ence to  documents  which  bear  upon  it. 

ELFFIN  AP  GWYDDNO. 

Crcibl  of  Telsford. —  Any  information  respect- 
ing the  settlement  of  the  family  of  Crabb,  or 
Crabbe,  at  Telsford,  county  of  Somerset,  together 
with  the  names  of  the  present  representatives  of 
that  family,  would  be  most  thankfully  received 
through  the  medium  of  your  valuable  pages,  or  in 
any  other  way,  by  ONE  or  THE  NAME. 

Tolling  the  Bell  while  the  Congregation  is  leav- 
ing Church.  —  Can  you  inform  me  why  this  is 
done  at  Richmond  Church  ;  and  whether  the  cus- 
tom is  adopted  in  any  other  ?  *  J.  H.  M. 

O'Brien  of  Thosmond.  —  In  the  Calendar  of 
Inquisitions  post  mortem,  there  appears  one  taken 
on  the  death  of  Alicia,  wife  of  Nicholas  Thos- 
mound,  in  the  second  year  of  King  Henry  IV. 
The  estates  were  in  Somersetshire.  From  the 
appearance  of  this  name,  I  suspect  it  is  not^an 
English  one  ;  but  rather  an  old  form  of  spelling 
the  name  of  the  province  of  Tothmound  or  Tho- 
mond  (South  Munster),  Ireland  ;  and  that  this 
Nicholas  was  an  O'Brien,  who  called  himself  from 
his  family's  principality,  for  it  was  not  uncommon 
in  England  formerly  to  take  names  from  estates. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents  having  ac- 
cess to  the  Inquisition  would  ascertain  more  on 
the  subject,  and  give  it  to  the  public.  The  name 
of  Nicholas  O'Brien  occurs  in  the  Irish  rolls  of 
Chancery  about  that  very  period.  A.  B. 

Order  of  St.  David  of  Wales.— In  the  reiojn  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  there  -was  an  order  of  knight- 
hood—the Order  of  St.  David  of  Wales.  When 
was  that  Order  created  ?  Who  was  the  first 
knight  ?  Who  was  the  last  knight  ?  What  pre- 
late was  the  chaplain  to  the  Order  ?  Why  was  it 
dissolved  ?  Why  is  it  not  revived  again  ?  We 
have  several  Welsh  peers,  noblemen,  knights ;  four 
bishops,  men  of  science  and  learning,  Welshmen. 
I  hope  the  good  Queen  Victoria  will  revive  this 
ancient  order  of  knighthood,  and  the  Prince  of 
Wales  be  created  the  first  knight.  The  emblem 
of  Wales  is  a  red  dragon. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  an  account  of  this 
ancient  order  ?  Some  years  ago  there  were  several 
letters  in  The  Times,  and  other  papers,  respect- 
ing it  and  the  Welsh  motto.  Wales  should  have 
its  knight  as  well  as  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Eng- 
land. W. 

Warple-way.  —  The  manor  of  Richmond,  in 
Surrey,  has  been  the  property  of  the  crown  for 
many  hundred  years,  I  may  say  from  time  imme- 

[*  This  custom  is  observed  in  many  of  the  London 
churches. — ED.] 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


did  he  live  ?  He  appears,  from  various  inscrip- 
tions round  an  engraved  portrait,  to  have  been  a 
great  duping  dealer  in  pictures.  E.  H. 

Chauncy,  or  Chancy.  —  Any  reference  to  works 
containing  biographical  notices  of  Charles  Chauncy, 
or  Chancy,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge, circa  1620,  will  oblige  J.  Y. 

Plaster  Casts.  —  RUBY  would  be  thankful  for  a 
good  receipt  for  bronzing  plaster  casts. 


morial :  and  in  all  the  old  records  and  plans,  the 
green  roads  are  called  "  warple-ways."  Some  of 
the  old  plans  are  marked  "  worple  way,"  some 
"  warple  way."  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me 
the  derivation  and  meaning  of  the  word,  and  refer 
me  to  an  authority  ?  WM.  SMYTHE. 

Purlet. — Nelson,  and  the  subsequent  historians 
of  Islington,  relate  a  marvellous  story  on  the 
authority  of  Purlet  de  Mir.  Nat.  x.  c.  iv.  : 

"  And  as  to  the  same  hearings,  or  tremblements  de 
terre,  it  is  sayde,  y*  in  a  certaine  fielde  neare  unto  ye 
parish  church  of  Islingtoun,  in  like  manner,  did  take 
place  a  wondrous  commotion  in  uarious  partes,  ye 
earthe  swellinge,  and  turninge  uppe  euery  side  towards 
ye  midst  of  yc  sayde  fielde  ;  and,  by  tradycion  of  this, 
it  is  obserued  y*  one  Richard  de  Clouesley  lay  buryed 
in  or  neare  y4  place,  and  y*  his  bodie  being  restles,  on 
ye  score  of  some  sinne  by  him  peraduenture  committed, 
did  shewe  or  seeme  to  signifye  y1  religious  obseruance 
should  there  take  place,  to  quiet  his  departed  spirit ; 
whereupon  certaine  exorcisers,  if  wee  may  so  term  ym, 
did  at  dede  of  night,  nothing  lothe,  using  divers  diuine 
exercises  at  torche  light,  set  at  rest  ye  unrulie  spirit  of 
ye  sayde  Clouesley,  and  ye  earthe  did  returne  aneare 
to  its  pristine  shape,  neuermore  commotion  procedeing 
therefrom  to  this  day,  and  this  I  know  of  a  verie  cer- 
taintie." — Nelson's  Islington,  4to.  1811,  p.  305.,  or  8vo. 
1823,  p.  293. 

The  spelling  of  this  extract  seems  at  least  as 
old  as  the  time  of  Cloudesley's  death  (1517),  al- 
though it  would  appear  to  be  a  translation ;  and 
though  the  exorcism  is  apparently  spoken  of  as 
having  taken  place  long  before  the  time  of  the 
writer.  From  these  and  other  circumstances,  I 
am  led  to  suspect  that  Nelson  was  the  victim  of 
a  cruel  hoax,  particularly  as  I  am  unable  to  find 
any  such  book  as  Purlet  de  Mir.  Nat.  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Query,  Does  any  such  book  exist ;  and  if  so, 
where  ?  FRIDESWIDE. 

Islington. 

Liveries,  Red  and  Scarlet. — In  a  provincial 
paper,  I  noticed  a  paragraph  dating  the  origin  of 
wearing  red  coats  in  fox-hunting  from  a  mandate 
'  of  Henry  II.,  who  it  appears  made  fox-hunting  a 
royal  sport,  and  gave  to  all  distributors  of  foxes 
the  scarlet  uniform  of  the  royal  household  :  this 
also  would  involve  another  question  as  regards 
the  origin  of  scarlet  being  the  colour  of  the  royal 
livery.  Can  any  of  your  sporting  or  antiquarian 
correspondents  give  me  any  authority  for  the 
former,  and  any  information  about  the  latter  ? 

W.  E.  W.  RUMBOLD. 

Dr.  Bragge.  —  I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any 
of  your  correspondents  who  will  give  me  inform- 
ation respecting  Dr.  Bragge,  who  flourished  about 
the  year  1756.  Who  was  he?  Where  did  he  get 
his  degree  ?  Who  were  his  chief  dupes  ?  Where 


"  —  In   the   prophecy   regarding   the 
birth  of  John  the  Baptist  (Luke  i.  15.)  the  angel 

says  : 

"  Kal  olvov  KO-l  ffiKepa  ov  fj.rj  irir)." 

This  is  in  the  authorised  version  (I  quote  from 
the  original  1611  edit.)  rightly  rendered: 
"  And  shal  drinke  neither  wine  nor  strong  drinke." 

Now,  in  the  Golden  Legend,  fol.  cxl.  (Wynkyn 
de  Worde's  edition,  London,  1516)  is  this  account: 

"  For  he  shal  be  grete,  and  of  grete  meryte  tofore 
our  Lord  :  he  shall  not  drinke  wyne,  ne  syder,  ne 
thynge  wherof  he  myght  be  dronken." 

I  need  hardly  remind  your  readers  that  o-iwepa 
was  often  usedtby  the  LXX  translators  for  an 
intoxicating  liquor,  as  distinguished  from  wine, 
viz.  Levit.  x.  9.,  Numbers  vi.  3.,  &c.,  and  in  about 
nine  places  ;  but  I  do  not  remember  "  syder"  as 
the  "  thynge  wherof  he  myghte  be  dronken."  Can 
any  of  your  philological  friends  call  to  mind  a 
similar  version?  I  do  not  want  to  be  told  the 
derivation  of  (n'/cepa,  for  that  is  obvious  ;  nor  do  I 
lack  information  as  to  the  inebriating  qualities  of 
"  syder,"  for,  alas  !  an  intimate  acquaintance  with 
Devonshire  has  often  brought  before  my  notice 
persons  "dronken"  with  that  exhilarating  be- 
verage. RICHARD  HOOPEB. 

St.  Stephen's,  Westminster. 

Dogs  in  Monumental  Brasses.  —  Is  there  any 
symbolical  meaning  conveyed  in  the  dogs  which 
are  so  often  introduced  at  the  feet  of  ladies  in 
brasses,  and  dogs  and  lions  at  the  feet  of  knights  ? 
One  fact  is  worthy  of  notice,  that  while  the  omis- 
sion of  the  dog  is  frequent  in  the  brasses  of  ladies 
(e.g.  in  that  of  Lady  Camoys,  1424,  at  Trotton, 
Sussex,  and  Joan,  Lady  Cobham,  1320,  Cobham, 
Kent,  and  several  others),  the  lion  or  dog,  as  the 
case  may  be,  of  the  knight  is  scarcely  ever  left 
out  ;  indeed,  I  have  only  been  able  to  find  two  or 
three  instances.  But  again,  in  brasses  later  than 
1460,  the  dogs  and  lions  are  seldom,  if  ever,  found 
either  in  the  brasses  of  knights  or  ladies.  Can 
you  afford  me  any  information  on  these  points  ? 

B.  H.  ALFORD. 

Tonbridge,  Kent. 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


127 


im'tf) 

Marquis  of  Grariby.  —  In  a  late  number  of 
Chambers  s  Journal  it  is  stated  that  there  are  eigh- 
teen taverns  in  London  bearing  the  sign  of  the 
Marquis  of  Granby.  How  did  this  sign  become 
so  popular ;  and  which  marquis  was  it  whose 
popularity  gained  him  immortality ;  and  when 
lived  he  ?  J.  M.  WHARTON. 

[This  sign  is  intended  as  a  compliment  to  John 
Manners,  commonly  called  Marquis  of  Granby,  eldest 
son  of  John,  third  Duke  of  Rutland,  who  appears  to  have 
been  a  good,  bluff-brave  soldier  —  active,  generous^ 
careful  of  his  men,  and  beloved  by  them.  Mr.  Peter 
Cunningham  (Handbook,  p.  398.,  edit.  1850)  informs 
us,  that  "  Granby  spent  many  an  happy  hour  at  the 
Hercules  Pillars  public-house,  Piccadilly,  where  Squire 
Western  put  his  horses  up,  when  in  pursuit  of  Tom 
Jones."  He  died,  much  regretted,  on  October  19, 1770, 
Avithout  succeeding  to  the  dukedom. 

"  What  conquests  now  will  Britain  boast, 

Or  where  display  her  banners  ? 
Alas !  in  GRANBY  she  has  lost 

True  courage  and  good  MANNERS." 

His  popularity  is  shown  by  the  frequent  occurrence  of 
his  portrait  as  a  sign-board  for  public-houses,  even  of 
late  years ;  a  fact  which  at  once  testifies  in  favour  of 
his  personal  qualities,  and  indicates  the  low  state  of 
our  military  fame  during  the  latter  half  of  the  last 
century.  ] 

"Memorials  of  English  Affairs  "  SfC.  —  Can  you 
inform  me  who  was  the  author  of  a  folio  volume 
entitled  — 

"  Memorials  of  the  English  Affairs ;  or  an  Historical 
Account  of  what  passed  from  the  beginning  of  the 
Reign  of  King  Charles  I.  to  King  Charles  II.  his 
happy  '  Restauration  ; '  containing  the  Public  Trans- 
actions, Civil  and  Military,  together  with  the  Private 
Consultations  and  Secrets  of  the  Cabinet.  London  : 
printed  for  Nathanael  Conder,  at  the  Sign  of  the 
Peacock  in  the  Poultry,  near  the  Church,  MDCLXXXII." 

I  have  never  seen  any  other  copy  than  the  one 
in  my  possession.  L.  R. 

[This  work  is  by  Sir  Bulstrode  Whitelocke.  The 
edition  of  1682,  possessed  by  our  correspondent,  was 
published  by  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesea,  who  took  con- 
siderable liberties  with  the  manuscript.  The  best 
edition,  containing  the  passages  cancelled  by  the  Earl, 
is  that  of  1732,  fol.  "  This  work,"  says  Bishop  War- 
burton,  "  that  has  been  so  much  cried  up,  is  a  meagre 
diary,  wrote  by  a  poor-spirited,  self-interested,  and 
self-conceited  lawyer  of  eminence,  but  full  of  facts." 
At  p.  378.  (edit.  1682)  occurs  the  following  entry:  — 
"  From  the  council  of  state,  Cromwell  and  his  son 
Ireton  went  home  with  Whitelocke  to  supper,  where 
they  were  very  cheerful,  and  seemed  extremely  well- 
pleased  ;  they  discoursed  together  till  twelve  o'clock 
at  night,  and  told  many  wonderful  observations  of 
God's  providence  in  the  affairs  of  the  war,  and  in  the 
business  of  the  army's  coming  to  London,  and  seizing 


the  members  of  the  house,  in  all  which  were  miracu- 
lous passages."  To  this  sentence  in  the  copy  now  be- 
fore us,  some  sturdy  royalist  has  added  the  following 
MS.  note  :  —  "  Whitelocke  reports  this  of  himself,  as 
being  well  pleased  with  it ;  and  the  success  of  their 
villany  they  accounted  God's  providence  !"] 

Standing  when  the  Lord's  Prayer  is  read.  —  On 
Sunday,  January  8,  the  second  lesson  for  morning 
service  is  the  sixth  chapter  of  St.  Matthew,  in 
which  occurs  the  Lord's  Prayer.  When  the  offi- 
ciating clergyman  began  to  read  the  ninth  verse, 
in  which  the  prayer  commences,  the  congregation 
at  Bristol  Cathedral  rose,  and  remained  standing 
till  its  conclusion.  Is  this  custom  observed  in  other 
places  ?  and  (if  there  is  to  be  a  change  of  position) 
why  do  the  congregation  stand,  and  not  kneel,  the 
usual  posture  of  prayer  in  the  Church  of  England? 

CERVUS. 

[The  custom,  we  believe,  is  observed  in  the  majority 
of  churches.  The  reason  for  standing  rather  than 
kneeling  seems  to  be,  that  when  the  Lord's  Prayer 
comes  in  the  course  of  the  lessons  it  is  only  read  his- 
torically, as  a  part  of  a  narrative,  which  indicates  that 
the  whole  sacred  narrative  should  be  treated,  as  it  was 
anciently,  with  the  like  reverence.  The  rubric  says 
nothing  about  sitting ;  standing  and  kneeling  being 
the  only  postures  expressly  recognised.  In  the  curious 
engraving  of  the  interior  of  a  church,  prefixed  to 
Bishop  Sparrow's  Rationale  upon  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,  1661,  there  is  not  a  seat  of  any  kind  to  be  seen, 
pews  not  having  become  at  this  time  a  general  ap- 
pendage to  churches;  probably  a  few  chairs  or  benches 
were  required  for  the  aged  or  infirm.  The  only  in- 
timation of  the  sitting  posture  in  our  present  Common 
Prayer- Book  occurs  in  the  rubric,  enjoining  the  people 
to  stand  when  the  Gospel  is  read,  which  Wheatly  tells 
us  was  first  inserted  in  the  Scotch  Common  Prayer- 
Book.  See  «  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ii.,  pp.  246.  347.] 

Hypocrisy,  frc.  —  Can  you  inform  me  with  whom 
originated  the  following  saying  :  "  Hypocrisy  is 
the  homage  which  vice  renders  to  virtue"  ? 

A.  C.  W. 

[The  saying  originated  with  the  Duke  de  la  Roche- 
foucault,  and  occurs  in  his  Moral  Maxims,  No.  233.} 


"  CONSILIUM   NOVEM    DELECTORUM    CARDINALIUM, 
ETC. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  54.) 

The  Note  of  your  correspondent  Novus  upon 
this  Consilium  ought  to  have  been  answered 
before ;  but  as  none  of  your  contributors  who  can 
speak  as  "  having  authority  "  have  undertaken  to 
do  so,  I  beg  to  offer  to  your  readers  the  following 
statements  and  extracts,  collected  when  my  sur- 
prise at  the  assertions  of  Novus  was  quite  fresh. 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  224. 


The  first  point  on  which  jSTovus  requires  cor- 
rection is,  the  name  of  the  pontiff  to  whom  the 
Consilium  purports  to  be  addressed.  N"ovus  says 
Julius  III.,  but  the  date  of  this  document  is  un- 
questionably not  later  than  the  beginning  of  1538, 
for  Sleidan  tells  us  that  editions  of  it  were  printed 
at  Rome,  at  Cologne,  at  Strasburg,  and  at  another 
place,  in  the  course  of  the  year  1538  ;  and  in  the 
title  it  is  distinctly  stated  to  have  been  presented 
to  Paul  III.,  who  was  pope  in  that  year,  whilst 
Julius  III.  was  not  elected  till  1550. 

When  Novus  says  that  this  Consilium  "  has  just 
been  once  more  quoted,  for  the  fiftieth  time, 
perhaps,  within  the  present  generation,  as  a  ge- 
nuine document,  and  as  proceeding  from  adherents 
•of  the  Church  of  Rome,"  he  falls  short  of  the  fact. 
•For  every  writer  of  the  least  mark,  or  likelihood, 
whose  subject  has  led  him  that  way,  has  quoted  it : 
thus,  e.g.,  Ranke,  who  in  his  great  work  on  The 
Popes  and  the  Papacy,  book  ii.  §  2.,  refers  to  it  as 
indicative  of  no  dishonourable  design  on  the  part 
of  the  supreme  pontiff. 

Amongst  the  writers  of  the  time  when  the  Con- 
silium  is  said  to  have  been  drawn  up,  who  regarded 
it'  as  genuine,  we  may  mention  Luther,  who,  soon 
after  it  found  its  way  into  Germany,  published  a 
translation,  with  one  of  his  biting  caricatures  pre- 
fixed ;  and  Sturm,  who  prefaced  his  translation 
with  a  letter  to  the  cardinals  to  whom  it  was  as- 
cribed, for  which  reason  alone  his  edition  was  put 
in  the  "  Index,"  no  other  edition  being  similarly 
honoured  ;  and  this  sufficiently  refutes  a  statement 
of  Schelhorn,  in  his  letter  to  Cardinal  Quirinus, 
upon  which  much  reliance  has  been  placed  by 
those  whom  Novus  would  regard  as  sharers  of  his 
opinion. 

The  appearance  of  the  editions  at  Cologne  and 
Strasburg  in  1538,  testifies  to  the  speed  with 
•which  the  Consilium  reached  Germany.  Sleidan 
-asserts  that,  when  it  was  published  there,  some 
fancied  it  to  be  fictitious,  and  intended  to  ridicule 
jboth  the  Pope  and  the  Reformation ;  but  others, 
that  it  was  a  device  of  the  Pope  to  gain  credit  for 
not  being  hostile  to  the  correction  of  certain  con- 
fessed abuses.  In  the  next  year,  on  July  16th, 
Aleander  wrote  to  Cochlaeus  thus  : 

"  Multa  haberem  scribere  de  Republica,  sed  mail 
custodesestis  rerum  arcanarum, — Consiliis  Cardinalium 
promulgatis,  cum  invectiva  Sthrmii,  manibus  hominum 
teritur,  antequam  vel  auctoribus  edita,  vel  execution! 
fuerit  demandata." 

Which  passage  might  be  regarded  as  decisive  of 
the  question  of  genuineness,  since  Aleander  was 
one  of  the  Cardinales  delecti  whose  names  are  ap- 
pended to  the  Consilium. 

That  Le  Plat  should  insert  a  copy  in  his  Monu- 
ment, ad  Hist.  Condi.  Trident,  potius  illustr.  spect., 
may,  perhaps,  be  considered  an  unsatisfactory  ar- 
gument ;  and  the  same  will  certainly  be  thought 


of  the  use  of  it  by  Sarpi.  But  Pallavicini  is  a 
witness  not  obnoxious  to  objections  which  apply 
to  them,  and  he  says  : 

"  It  happened  by  Divine  Providence,  that  this  Con- 
silium was  published,  since  it  showed  what  were  in  fact 
the  deepest  wounds  in  the  discipline  of  the  Church,  as- 
certained with  great  diligence,  and  exposed  with  the 
utmost  freedom  by  men  of  incomparable  zeal  and  know- 
ledge. And  these  were  neither  falsity  of  dogmas,  nor 
corruption  of  the  Scriptures,  nor  wickedness  of  laws, 
nor  politic  craft  beneath  the  garb  of  humility,  nor  im- 
pure vices,  as  the  Lutherans  asserted ;  but  too  great 
indulgence  towards  violations  and  abrogations  of  the 
laws,  which  Luther  far  more  licentiously  abrogated," 
&c.  —  Vide  book  iv.  ch.  v.,  at  the  end. 

But  Ranke's  note  upon  a  casual  reference  to 
this  document  in  book  i.  ch.  ii.  §  2.  of  his  History 
of  the  Papacy,  completely  disposes  of  the  question 
of  its  genuineness,  and  therefore  of  its  "  serious- 
ness "  (to  use  one  of  Novus'  phrases),  when  taken 
in  conjunction  with  what  has  gone  before. 

"  Consilium,  fyc.;  printed  more  than  once  even  at  the 
time,  and  important  as  pointing  out  the  evil,  so  far 
as  it  lay  in  the  administration  of  discipline,  precisely 
and  without  reserve.  Long  after  it  had  been  printed, 
the  MS.  remainec^  incorporated  with  the  MSS.  of  the 
Curia. " 

Were  it  not  that  the  assertion  of  !N"ovus  is  so 
roundly  made,  and  in  a  form  that  is  sure  to  adhere 
in  the  memories  of  readers  sufficiently  interested 
in  the  subject  to  notice  his  communication,  it 
would  have  been  enough  to  quote  from  one  of  the 
works  he  refers  to,  as  containing  copies  of  the 
Consilium,  to  expose  the  origin  of  his  error ;  and 
this,  now  that  I  have  shown  it  to  be  an  error,  I 
crave  your  permission  to  do.  This,  then,  is  what 
Brown  says  in  his  Appendix  ad  Fascicul.  Rer. 
Expetend.  et  Fugiend.  (commonly  cited  as  Fascicul. 
vol.  ii.},  ed.  1690,  pp.  230,  231. : 

"  Saepius  excusum  est  Consilium  sequens,  cum  alibi, 
turn  hie  Londini,  A.  n.  1 609,  ex  bibliotheca  Wilh. 
Crashavii,  qui  in  Epistola  dedicatoriu  ad  Revmum  D. 
Tobiam  Matthaeum  Archiep.  Eboracen.  citat  quaedam. 
e  Commentariis  Espenca?i  in  Tit.  cap.  i.  ad  hoc  Con- 
silium ab omni  fraudis  et  fictionis  suspicione  liberandum ;  . 
quasi  prcesensisset  Crashavius  fore  aliquando  ut  pro  re, 
omnino  ficta  et  falsa  censeretur ;  cum  id  in  novissimis 
Conciliorum  editionibus  desiderari,  et  astute  sup- 
pressum  esse  viderat,  ut  cst  in  admonitione  sua  ad 
Lectorem.  Sed  longe  aliter  res  habebit ;  suo  cnim  se 
sorex  prodidit  indicia  ;  et  Cochlceus  ipse  (qui  nesciit  pro 
nobis  mentiriy  quantumvis  in  causa  sud  parum  probus 
aliquando),  hujusce  Consilii  fidem  ab  omni  lobe  impro- 
bitatis  vindicavit  et  asseruit  in  historia  sua  de  Actis  et 
Scriptis  Lutheri,  ad  annum  1539,  fol.  312.  &c.  edi- 
tionis  Colonien.  1568.  editum  est  prasterea,  hoc  idem 
Consilium,  Parisiis,  publica  authoritate,  una  cum 
Guliel.  Durandi  tractatu  de  rnodo  Generalis  Concilii 
celebrandi  ;  Libello  Clamengii  de  corrupto  Ecclesiae 
statu;  Libello  Cardinalis  de  Alliaco,  de  emendatione 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


Ecclesire ;  et  Gentian!  Herveti  oratione  de  reparanda. 
Ecelesiastica  disciplina  (qua?  omnia,  excepto  primo, 
huic  appendici  inserentur),  A.D.  1671.  In  hac  nostra 
editions  sequimur  viruni  doctissimum  et  pium  Her- 
mannum  Conringium ;  adhibitis  inultis  aliis  exem- 
plaribus,  qua?  omnia  simul  in  hoc  uno  leges.  FiV 
autem,  Lector,  ah'quid  penilius  de  hoc  Consilio  rescire  ? 
adisis  [«c]  P.  Paulum  Vergerium  (invisum  aliis  sed  cha- 
rum  nobis  nomen),  illiusque  annotationes,  in  Catalogum 
hzereticorum  consule,  fol.  251.  tomi  primi  illius  operum 
Tubings  editi,  A.D.  1563,  in  4to.,  et  siquid  noveris  de 
reliquorum  tomorum  editione,  nos  Anglos  fac,  qua?so, 
certiores.  [It  would  seem  that  the  need  of  your 
"N.  &  Q,."  was  felt  long  before  any  one  thought  of 
supplying  it.]  Audi  vero,  interea,  vel  lege,  Hermannum 
Conringium." 

And  this  is  what  that  "  learned  and  godly  "  man 
says : 

"  Libellus  ipse  Cardinalis  Capuani  [Nicholas  Schom- 
berg],  ut  creditur,  cura  ad  amicuoi  in  Germaniam 
missus,  mox  anno  1539,  et  populari  nostra  et  sua  est 
lingua  per  Lutherurn  et  Sturmiurn  editus.  Eundem 
post  vulgavit,  cum  acri  ad  Papam  Paulum  17.  (qui  olim 
fuerat  auctoruni)  praafatione,  Petrus  Paulus  Vergerius, 
postquam  Protestantium  partibus  accessisset." 

I  will  not  add  to  the  length  of  this  Note  by  any 
farther  quotations ;  but  I  am  bound  to  say  that  if 
those  I  have  given  do  not  satisfy  Novus,  he  may 
expect  to  be  overwhelmed  by  confirmations  of 
them.  B.  B.  WOODWARD. 

Bungay,  Suffolk. 


JOHN    BUNYAN. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  104.) 

A  highly  respected  correspondent,  DR.  S.  R. 
MAITLAND,  has  seen  an  advertisement  in  the  Mer- 
curius  Reformatw  of  June  11,  1690,  announcing 
the  intention  of  Bunyan's  widow  to  publish  ten  ma- 
nuscripts which  her  husband  had  left  prepared  for 
the  press,  together  with  some  of  his  printed  treatises 
which  had  become  scarce.  He  inquires  whether 
such  a  publication  took  place.  In  reply  I  beg  leave 
to  state  that  they  were  published  in  a  small  folio, 
containing  "ten  [and  two  fragments]  of  his  excel- 
lent manuscripts,  and  ten  of  his  choice  books  for- 
merly printed."  The  volume  bears  the  title  of 
"  The  Works  of  that  eminent  Servant  of  Christ 
Mr.  John  Bunyan,  late  Minister  of  the  Gospel 
and  Pastor  of  the  Congregation  at  Bedford.  The 
first  volume.  London,  by  Wm.  Marshall,  1692." 
It  h?.s  the  portrait  by  Sturt,  and  an  impression 
from  the  original  curious  copper-plate  inscribed, 
"  A  Mapp,  showing  the  order  and  causes  of  Sal- 
vation and  Damnation."  In  addition  to  the  Mer- 
curitts,  John  Dimton  and  others  noticed,  in  terms 
of  warm  approval,  the  intended  publication,  which 
became  extensively  patronised,  but  has  now  be- 
come very  scarce. 


To  the  lovers  of  Bunyan  it  is  peculiarly  inter- 
esting, being  accompanied  by  a  tract  called  "  The 
Struggler,"  written  by  one  of  his  affectionate  and 
intimate  friends,  the  Rev.  C.  Doe,  containing  a 
list  of  Bunyan's  works,  with  the  time  when  each 
of  them  was  published,  some  personal  character- 
istic anecdotes,  and  thirty  reasons  why  all  decided 
Christians  should  read  and  circulate  these  invalu- 
able treatises.  A  copy  presented  to  me  by  my 
worthy  friend  the  late  Mr.  Creasy  of  Sleaford, 
which  is  in  remarkably  fine  condition,  has  on  the 
title  to  the  Index  a  printed  dedication  to  Sir  John 
Hartop  of  Newington,  the  patron  and  friend  of 
Dr.  Watts.  This  volume  was  to  have  been  fol- 
lowed by  a  second,  to  complete  Bunyan's  works, 
but  difficulties  arose  as  to  the  copyright  of  the 
more  popular  pieces,  which  prevented  its  publi- 
cation. The  original  prospectus  is  preserved  in 
the  British  Museum,  which,  with  "  The  Strug- 
gler" and  a  new  index  to  the  whole  of  these  truly 
excellent  treatises,  is  reprinted  in  my  edition  of 
Bunyan's  whole  works  for  the  first  time  collected 
and  published,  with  his  Life,  in  three  volumes  im- 
perial 8vo.,  illustrated  with  fac-similes  of  all  the 
old  woodcuts  and  many  elegant  steel  plates. 

GEORGE  OFFOR. 

Hackney. 


THE    ASTEROIDS,  ETC. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  36.) 

It  is  certainly  an  uncomfortable  idea  to  sup- 
pose that  the  asteroids  are  the  fragments  of  a  former 
world,  perhaps  accompanied  with  satellites  which 
have  been  scattered  either  by  internal  convulsion 
or  external  violence.  By  looking  into  the  con- 
stitution and  powers  contained  within  our  own 
earth,  we  know  that  the  means  are  not  wanting 
to  rend  us  asunder  under  the  combined  effects  of 
volcanic  action,  intense  heat,  and  water,  meeting 
deep  within  the  substance  of  the  earth  under  great 
pressure. 

However,  there  is  much  to  be  said  against  the 
theory  of  Olbers,  notwithstanding  its  plausibility. 
The  distance  between  the  internal  asteroid  Flora, 
and  the  external  one  Hygeia,  exceeds  ninety  mil- 
lions of  miles ;  or  nearly  the  distance  between  the 
earth  and  the  sun.  The  force  which  could  shatter 
a  world  into  fragments,  and  drive  them  asunder 
to  such  an  extent,  must  indeed  be  tremendous. 

Mr.  Hind  has  drawn  attention  to  the  singular 
fact,  that  the  asteroids  "appear  to  separate  the 
planets  of  small  mass  from  the  greater  bodies  of 
the  system,  the  planets  which  rotate  on  their  axes 
in  about  the  same  time  as  our  earth  from  those 
which  are  whirled  round  in  less  than  half  that 
time,  though  of  ten  times  the  diameter  of  the 
earth ;  and,"  he  continues,  "  it  may  yet  be  found 
that  these  small  bodies,  so  far  from  being  portions 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


of  the  wreck  of  a  planet,  were  created  in  their 
present  state  for  some  wise  purpose,  which  the 
progress  of  astronomy  in  future  ages  may  even- 
tually unfold." 

One  thing  I  think  is  certain,  that  no  disruption 
of  a  world  belonging  to  our  system  could  take 
place  without  producing  some  perceptible  effect 
upon  every  other  member  of  the  system.  The 
single  centre  of  attraction  being  suddenly  diffused 
and  spread  abroad  into  many  smaller  ones,  at 
variable  distances,  must  produce  a  sudden  sway 
and  alteration  of  position  in  all  the  other  planets, 
and,  to  a  certain  extent,  derange  their  respective 
economies.  From  this  some  striking  changes 
would  necessarily  arise,  such  as  in  the  length  of 
their  respective  periods  of  revolution,  the  amount 
of  light  and  heat,  and  other  physical  conditions. 
Certain  geological  phenomena  should  be  found  to 
confirm  such  a  change,  if  these  suppositions  be 
true. 

As  far  as  the  theological  part  of  the  question  is 
concerned,  it  is,  I  should  think,  opposed  to  Gibers' 
theory.  Human  intellect  can  scarcely  conceive 
the  necessity  for  the  utter  breaking  up  of  a  globe, 
even  for  the  most  grievous  amount  of  sin.  A 
more  merciful  dispensation  was  granted  to  our 
earth  in  the  deluge  ;  and  the  Power  which  removed 
all  but  eight  lives  from  the  earth  could  have 
equally  removed  the  eight  also,  without  destroy- 
ing the  integrity  of  the  globe.  It  is  as  easy,  and 
far  more  reasonable  I  think,  to  suppose,  that  the 
same  Power  which  gave  to  Saturn  a  satellite  nearly 
equal  in  size  to  Mars,  should  throw  a  cluster  of 
minute  planetoids  into  the  space  which,  according 
to  Bodes'  empirical  law,  should  have  been  devoted 
to  one  planet  of  larger  dimensions. 

Whilst  addressing  you  on  astronomical  subjects, 
I  would  beg  leave  to  offer  a  few  remarks  upon 
Saturn,  which  I  have  not  observed  in  any  work 
on  astronomy  which  I  have  yet  consulted.  This 
planet,  with  its  satellites,  appear  to  exhibit  a  close 
resemblance  to  the  solar  system,  just  as  if  it  were 
a  model  of  it. 

Besides  his  rings,  Saturn  is  attended  by  eight 
satellites,  so  far  as  is  at  present  known.  The  names 
of  the  satellites  in  their  order  from  the  body  of 
the  planet,  are :  1.  Mimas,  2.  Euceladus,  3.  Tethys, 
4.  Dione,  5.  Rhea,  6.  Titan,  7.  Hyperion,  8.  Ja- 
petus.  If  we  place  them  in  a  list  in  their  order, 
and  overagainst  each  place^he  names  of  the  planets 
in  their  order  from  the  sun,  certain  parallelisms 
will  appear : 

1.  Mimas    -  -  1.   Mercury. 

2.  Euceladus  -         -2.    Venus. 

3.  Tethys  -     3.   Earth. 

4.  Dione     -  -         -     4.   Mars. 

5.  Rhea       -  -     5.  Asteroids. 

6.  Titan      -  -6.   Jupiter. 

7.  Hyperion  -         -     7.   Saturn. 

8.  Japetus  -  -         -     8.   Uranus. 


The  relative  magnitudes  and  relative  positions 
of  these  bodies  correspond  in  many  points,  I  be- 
lieve, so  far  as  is  at  present  known.  Titan,  like 
Jupiter,  is  the  largest  of  his  system ;  being  but 
little  less  in  size  than  the  primary  planet  Mars. 
The  next  in  magnitude  is  Japetus.  Rhea  is  sup- 
posed to  be  of  considerable  size.  The  four  inner 
ones  are  smaller  than  the  others.  Sir  William 
Herschell  considered  that  Tethys  was  larger  than 
Euceladus,  and  Euceladus  larger  than  Mimas. 
Dione  and  Hyperion  have  not  yet  been  well  esti- 
mated. These  dimensions,  if  correct,  correspond 
in  many  points  with  those  of  the  planets.  The 
first  three  satellites  revolve  in  orbits  of  less  dia- 
meter than  that  of  our  moon.  The  orbit  of  Dione, 
the  fourth  satellite,  is  almost  precisely  at  the  same 
distance  from  its  primary  as  the  moon  is  from  the 
earth.  As  if  to  carry  out  the  parallelism  to  the 
utmost,  the  zodiacal  light  of  the  sun  has  often 
been  compared  to  the  ring  of  Saturn. 

One  remark  it  would  appear  arises  out  of  these 
observations,  viz.  that  the  laws  of  attraction  and 
gravitation  seem  to  require,  for  the  proper  regu- 
lation of  the  whole  system,  that  where  a  number  of 
bodies  of  various  sizes  revolve  round  one  common 
centre,  the  larger  body  should  revolve  at  a  cer- 
tain relative  distance  from  that  centre.  Thus 
Titan,  like  a  huge  pendulum,  seems  to  sway  and 
maintain  the  regularity  of  the  minor  system,  just 
aa  Jupiter  may  be  imagined  to  do  in  the  great  one. 

I  must  not  intrude  too  far  on  your  valuable 
space,  but  there  remain  some  interesting  point* 
for  discussion  in  the  Saturnian  system. 

JOHN  WILLIAM  HARRIS. 

Exon. 


CAPS    AT    CAMBRIDGE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  27.) 

The  extract  from  an  unpublished  MS.  given  by 
A  REGENT  M.A.  or  CAMBRIDGE  refers  to  the  year 
1620,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  passages 
in  Anthony  a  Wood's  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of  Univ.  of 
Oxford. 

"  1614.  —  In  the  latter  end  of  the  last  and  beginning 
of  this  year,  a  spirit  of  sedition  (as  I  may  so  call  it) 
possessed  certain  of  the  Regent  Masters  against  the 
Vicechanc.  and  Doctors.  The  chief  and  only  matter 
that  excited  them  to  it  was  their  sitting  like  boys,  bare- 
headed, in  the  Convocation-House,  at  the  usual  assem- 
blies there,  which  was  not,  as  'twas  thought,  so  fit,  that 
the  Professors  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  (on  which  the 
University  was  founded)  should,  all  things  considered, 
do  it.  The  most  forward  person  among  them,  named 
Henry  Wightwicke,  of  Gloucester  Hall,  having  had 
some  intimation  of  a  statute  which  enabled  them  to  be 
covered  with  their  caps,  and  discovering  also  some- 
thing in  the  large  west  window  of  St.  Mary's  Church, 
where  pictures  of  Regents  and  non- Regents  were  sit- 
ting covered  in  assemblies  before  the  Chancellor,  clapt 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


on  his  cap,  and  spared  not  to  excite  his  brethren  to 
vindicate  that  custom,  now  in  a  manner  forgotten ; 
and,  having  got  over  one  of  the  Regents  to  be  more 
zealous  in  the  matter  than  himself,  procured  the  hands 
of  most,  if  not  all,  of  them  to  be  set  to  a  petition  (in 
order  to  be  sent  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  University), 
for  the  effecting  and  bringing  about  the  matter.  But 
the  Vicechancellor,  Dr.  Singleton,  having  had  timely 
notice  of  the  design,  sends  a  full  relation  of  the  matter 
to  the  Chancellor;  whereupon  answer  was  returned, 
that  he  should  deal  therein  as  he  should  think  fit. 
Wightwicke,  therefore,  being  called  into  question  for 
endeavouring  to  subvert  the  honour  and  government 
of  the  University,  whereby  he  ran  himself  into  perjury 
(he  having  before  taken  an  oath  to  keep  and  maintain 
the  rites,  customs,  and  privileges  of  the  University), 
was  banished,  and  his  party,  who  had  proved  false  to 
him,  severely  checkt  by  the  Chancellor. 

"  At  length  Wightwicke's  friends,  laying  open  to  him 
the  danger  that  he  would  run  himself  into,  if  he  should 
not  seek  restauration  and  submit,  did,  after  his  peevish 
and  rash  humour  had  been  much  courted  to  it,  put  up 
a  petition  (subscribed  in  his  behalf  by  the  Bishop  of 
London  and  Sir  John  Bennett)  to  the  Chancellor  of 
the  University  for  his  restauration,  which  being  with 
much  ado  granted,  but  with  this  condition,  that  he 
make  an  humble  recantation  in  the  Convocation,  sent 
to  his  Vicechancellor  what  should  be  done  in  the 
matter,  and  among  other  things  thus :  — '  For  the 
manner  of  his  submission  and  recognition  which  he 
is  to  make,  I  will  not  take  upon  me  to  direct,  but 
leave  yt  wholy  unto  your  wisdomes,  as  well  for  manner 
as  for  the  matter ;  only  thus  much  generally  I  will  in- 
timate unto  you,  that  the  affront  and  offence  com- 
mitted by  Whittwicke  in  the  Congregation  House  by 
his  late  insolent  carriage  there  was  very  great  and 
notorious,  and  that  offence  afterwards  seconded  and 
redoubled  by  another  as  ill  or  worse  than  the  former, 
in  his  seditious  practizing  and  procuring  a  multitude  of 
handes,  thereby  thinking  to  justifie  and  maintain  his 
former  errors,  and  his  proud  and  insolent  disobedience 
and  contempt.  I  hold  yt  therefore  very  requisite  that 
his  submission  and  recognition,  both  of  the  one  fault 
and  of  the  other,  should  be  as  publique  and  as  humble 
as  possibly  with  conveniencye  may  bee.  Which  being 
thus  openly  done,  as  I  hope  yt  will  bee  a  good  example 
to  others,  to  deter  them  from  committing  the  like  of- 
fence hereafter,  so  I  do  also  wishe  this  his  punishment 
may  be  only  ad  correctionem  et  non  ad  destructionem.' 

"  This  being  the  effect  of  the  Chancellor's  mind, 
Wightwicke  was  summoned  to  appear  to  make  his 
submission  in  the  next  Convocation,  which  being  held 
25  June  this  year,  he  placed  himself  in  the  middle  of 
St.  Mary's  chancel,  and  spoke  with  an  audible  voice  as 
followeth  : 

"'  Ornatissime  Domine  Procancellarie,  vosque  Do- 
mini Doctores  pientissimi,  quotquot  me  vel  bannien- 
dum  vel  bannitionem  meam  ratam  esse  voluistis  ut 
vobis  omnibus  et  singulis  innotescat  discupio  :  me 
Henricum  Whitwicke  pileum  coram  Domino  Vice- 
cancellario  Thoma  Singleton  capiti  baud  ita  pridem 
imposuisse,  quod  nemini  Magistrorum  in  Congrega- 
ione  yel  Convocatione  [in  presentia  Domini  Vicecan- 
cellarii  aut  Doctoris  alicujus]  licere  fateor.  Scitote 


quaeso  praeterea,  me  supradictum  Henricum  a  sen- 
tentia  Domini  Vicecancellarii  ad  venerabilem  Domum 
Congregationis  provocasse,  quod  nee  licitum  nee 
honestum  esse  in  causa  perturbationis  pacis  facile  con- 
cedo.  Scitote  denique  me  solum,  manus  Academi- 
corum  egregie  merentium  Theologia  Baccalaureorum 
et  in  Artibus  Magistrorum  in  hac  corona  astantium 
Collegiatim  et  Aulatim  cursitando  rescripto  appo- 
nendas  curasse,  in  quibus  omnibus  Praefectis  [summe] 
displicuisse,  in  pacem  almae  hujus  Academia?  et  in  dig- 
nissimum  nostrum  Procancellarium  deliquisse,  parum 
nolenti  ammo  confiteor,  et  sanctitates  vestras  humillime 
imploro,  ut  qua?  vel  temere  et  inconsulto,  vel  volenter 
et  scienter  feci,  ea,  ut  deceat  homines,  condonentur. 
«  HENRICUS  WIGHTWICKE.' 

Which  submission  or  recognition  being  ended,  he 
was  restored  to  his  former  state,  and  so  forthwith  re- 
assumed  his  place.  But  this  person,  who  was  lately 
beneficed  at  Kingerbury  in  Lincolnshire,  could  never 
be  convinced,  when  he  became  Master  of  Pembroke 
College,  forty-six  years  after  this  time,  that  he  made 
any  submission  at  all,  but  carried  the  business  on  and 
effected  it  against  all  the  University ;  as  to  his  young 
acquaintance  that  came  often  to  visit  him  and  he  them 
(for  he  delighted  in  boyish  company),  he  would,  after 
a  pedantical  way,  boast,  supposing  perhaps  that,  having 
been  so  many  years  before  acted,  no  person  could  re- 
member it ;  but  record  will  rise  up  and  justify  matters 
when  names  and  families  are  quite  extirpated  and  for- 
gotten among  men.  Pray  see  more  of  this  cap-business 
in  the  year  1620." 

"  1620. — In  the  beginning  of  Michaelmas  Term  fol- 
lowing, the  cap-business,  mentioned  an.  1614,  was  re- 
newed again  :  for  some  disrelishment  of  the  former 
transactions  remaining  behind,  the  Regent  Masters 
met  together  several  times  for  the  effecting  their  de- 
signs. At  length,  after  much  ado,  they  drew  up  a 
petition  subscribed  by  fifty-three  of  the  senior  Masters 
for  this  year,  and  presented  it  to  one  whom  they  knew 
would  not  be  violent  against  them,  as  Dr.  Singleton 
was  before.  The  beginning  of  it  runs  thus  : 

"  '  Reverendissimo  Viro  Domino  Doctori  Prideaux 
ornatissimo  hujus  Academia?  Vicecan.  digniss,  &c. 

"  '  Multa  jamjudum  sunt  (reverendissime  Vicecan- 
cellarie)  qua?  ab  antiquis  hujus  Academiae  institutis 
salubriter  profecta,  mala  tandem  consuetude,  et  in 
pejus  potens  aut  abrogavit  penitus  aut  pessime  corru- 
pit,  &c/ 

"  Among  those  that  subscribed  to  it  were  these  fol- 
lowing, that  afterwards  became  persons  of  note,  viz. 
Gilbert  Sheldon,  Alexand.  Gill,  jun.,  and  Anthony 
Farndon,  of  Trinity  Coll.  ;  Pet,  Heylin  of  Magd. 
Coll.  [Robert  Newlin  of  C.  C.  Q,  &c.].  The  chief 
solicitor  of  the  business  was  Rous  Clopton  of  Corpus 
Ch.  Coll.,  a  restless,  busy  person,  and  one  afterwards 
as  much  noted  for  his  infamy  as  any  of  the  former  for 
their  learning  or  place.  This  petition,  I  say,  being 
presented  to  Dr.  Prideaux  the  Vicechancellor,  and  he 
considering  well  their  several  reasons  for  their  sitting 
covered  (one  of  which  was  that  they  were  Judges  in 
Congregations  and  Convocations),  sent  it  to  the  Chan- 
cellor to  have  his  consent,  who  also,  after  he  had  con- 
sidered of  it,  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Vicechancellor,  to 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


be  communicated  to  the  Convocation  :  the  chief  con- 
tents of  which  are  these  : 

"  <  After  my  very  harty  commendations,  I  doe  take 
this  manner  of  proceeding  by  the  Regent  Masters  (for 
their  sitting  covered  at  Congregations  and  Convo- 
cations) in  soe  good  part,  that  although  I  might  well 
take  some  time  to  advise  before  I  give  answer,  espe- 
cially when  I  consider  how  long  that  custom  hath  con- 
tinued, how  much  it  hath  been  questioned,  and  that 
upon  a  long  debate  it  hath  been  withstood  by  so  grave 
and  wise  a  Counsellor  of  State  as  your  late  Chancellor, 
my  immediate  predecessor ;  yet,  when  I  weigh  their 
undoubted  right,  their  discreet  and  orderly  proceedings 
to  seek  it,  not  to  take  it,  the  chief,  if  not  the  only, 
cause  why  it  was  formerly  denied ;  the  good  congruity 
this  doth  beare,  not  with  Cambridge  alone  (though 
that  were  motive  enough),  but  all  other  places,  it 
being  no  where  seen  that  those  that  are  admitted 
Judges  are  required  to  sit  bare-headed ;  I  cannot 
choose  but  commend  and  thus  farre  yield  to  theire 
request  as  to  referre  it  to  the  Convocation  House.  I 
hope  no  man  can  have  cause  to  think  that  I  have  not 
the  power  to  continew  this  custom  as  well  as  some 
others  of  my  predecessors,  if  I  had  a  mind  to  strive  ; 
nor  that  I  seek  after  their  applause  in  yielding  them 
that  now,  which  hath  been  so  long  kept  from  them, 
but  the  respect  I  have  to  their  due,  to  the  decency  of 
the  place,  and  honour  of  the  University,  which  I  can- 
not conceive  to  bee  anyway  diminished,  but  rather  in- 
creased, by  their  sitting  covered,  are  the  only  reasons 
that  have  moved  me,  and  carried  me  to  so  quick  a 
resolution,  wherewith  you  may  acquaint  the  Convoca- 
tion House  with  this  also,  that  what  they  shall  con- 
clude I  shall  willingly  agree  to.  And  soe  I  doe  very 
hartely  take  leave,  and  rest 

Your  assured  loving  friend, 

PEMBROOKE. 

Baynard's  Castle, 

this  4  of  December,  1620.' 

Which  letter  being  publickly  read  in  a  Convocation 
held  20  Dec.,  it  was  then  agreed  upon  by  the  consent 
of  all  there  present,  that  all  Masters  of  what  condition 
soever  might  put  on  their  caps  in  Congregations  and 
Convocations,  yet  with  these  conditions  :  That  in  the 
said  assemblies  the  said  Masters  should  use  only  square 
caps,  and  not  sit  bare,  or  without  cap.  And  if  any 
were  found  faulty  in  these  matters,  or  that  they  should 
bring  their  hats  in  the  said  Assemblies,  they  should 
not  only  lose  their  suffrages  for  that  time,  but  be 
punished  as  the  Vicechancellor  should  think  fit. 
Lastly,  it  was  decreed,  under  the  said  conditions  and 
no  otherwise,  that  in  the  next  Congregation  in  the 
beginning  of  Hilary  Term,  and  so  for  ever  after,  all 
Masters,  of  what  condition  soever,  whether  Regents  or 
not  Regents,  should,  in  Congregations  and  Convoca- 
tions, put  on  and  use  square  caps. 

"  All  that  shall  be  said  more  of  this  matter  is,  that 
the  loss  of  using  caps  arose  from  the  negligence  of  the 
Masters,  who,  to  avoid  the  pains  of  bringing  their  caps 
with  them,  would  sit  bare-headed ;  which  being  used 
by  some,  was  at  length  followed  by  all,  and  so  at  length 
became  a  custom." 

It  would  seem,  from  Lord  Pembroke's  letter, 


that  the  right  of  the  senate  of  this  university  to 
wear  their  caps  had  not  been  questioned. 

C.  H.  COOPER. 
Cambridge. 


RUSSIA,    TURKEY,    AND   THE   BLACK   SEA. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  103.) 

Statements  and  complaints  have  often  been  made 
respecting  the  imperfect  knowledge  possessed  by 
English  navigators  of  the  shores  and  coasts  of  the 
Black  Sea,  and  of  the  great  danger  thence  arising 
to  ships  and  fleets  from  England,  which  would 
thus  seem  to  be  without  the  charts  necessary  for 
their  guidance.  The  Guardian  newspaper  reite- 
rates these  complaints  in  its  number  for  Jan.  11. 
This  deficiency  of  charts,  however,  ought  not  to 
exist,  and  probably  does  not ;  since,  no  doubt, 
the  English  and  French  Governments  would  take 
care  to  supply  them  at  the  present  time.  As 
respects  England,  Dr.  E.  D.  Clarke,  in  his  well- 
known  Travels  in  Russia,  8fc.  (see  vol.  i.  4th  edit., 
8vo.,  London,  1816,  Preface,  p.  x.),  states  that  he 
brought  — 

"  Certain  documents  with  him  from  Odessa,  at  the 
hazard  of  his  IHe,  and  deposited  within  a  British 
Admiralty." 

These  documents,  we  are  led  naturally  to  infer, 
were  charts  ;  for  he  adds  : 

"  They  may  serve  to  facilitate  the  navigation  of  the 
Russian  coasts  of  the  Black  Sea,  if  ever  the  welfare  of 
Great  Britain  should  demand  the  presence  of  her  fleets 
in  that  part  of  the  world." 

Happening  to  meet  with  this  passage,  in  con- 
sulting Dr.  Clarke's  Travels,  at  the  beginning  of 
December,  when  the  Fleets  of  Great  Britain  and 
France  were  on  the  point  of  entering  the  Black 
Sea,  and  having  read  in  many  quarters  fears  ex- 
pressed for  the  fleets  from  the  want  of  charts,  I 
ventured  to  copy  out  the  passage  relating  to  these 
remarkable  documents,  and  sent  it  to  Lord  Aber- 
deen ;  in  case,  from  the  alleged  poverty  of  charts 
in  the  Admiralty  Catalogues  (see  The  Guardian, 
Jan.  11.),  Dr.  Clarke's  "documents"  should  have 
fallen  out  of  sight,  and  were  forgotten.  No  notice, 
however,  was  taken  of  my  communication  ;  from 
which  I  concluded  that  it  was  wholly  valueless. 

JOHN  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 


HIGH  DUTCH  AND  LOW  DUTCH. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  478.  601.) 

If  "N.  &  Q."  were  the  publication  in  which 
questions  were  cursorily  settled,  the  answer  of 
JAMES  SPENCE  HARRY  (p.  478.)  might  suffice 
with  regard  to  the  Query  of  S.  C.  P.  (p.  413.)  ; 
but  your  correspondent  E.  C.  H.,  who  seems  also 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


133 


to  know  something  about  the  matter,  wishes  for 
German  evidence. 

Should  your  correspondents  JAMES  S.  HARRY 
and  E.  C.  H.  be  acquainted  (and  I  doubt  not  but 
they  are)  with  the  song,  in  which  a  German  in- 
quires "What  is  his  native  land?"  and  having 
called  over  some  of  the  principalities,  as  Prussia, 
Suabia,  Bavaria,  Pomerania,  Westphalia,  Swit- 
zerland, Tyrol,  he  cries  disdainfully,  "  No  !  no  ! 
no  !  my  fatherland  must  be  greater  :"  at  last, 
despairing,  he  asks  to  name  him  that  land,  and 
is  answered,  "  Wherever  the  German  tongue  is 
heard:"  —  should  JAMES  S.  HARRY  and  E.  C.  H. 
recollect  these  words,  they  will  conceive  that  such 
a  people  must  have  several  tribes,  and  each  tribe 
their  peculiar  dialect,  founded  on  prescribed  rules, 
and  to  which  individually  equal  justice  is  due. 

The  dialects  of  the  Deutsche  Sprache,  the 
German  language,  are  the  Ober  Deutsche  and 
Nieder  Deutsche,  Upper  German  and  Low  Ger- 
man :  from  the  former  dialect  has,  in  course  of 
time,  proceeded  the  Hoch  Deutsche  Sprache,  the 
High  German  language,  now  used  exclusively  as 


the  book  language  by  the  more  educated  classes 
throughout  Germany. 

The  principal  dialects  of  the  Ober  Deutsche 
are  the  following  : 

1.  The  Allemanic,  spoken  in  Switzerland  and 
the  Upper  Rhine. 

2.  The  Suabian,  spoken  in  the  countries  be- 
tween the  Black  Forest  and  the  River  Lech. 

3.  The  Bavarian,  spoken  in  the  South  of  Ba- 
varia and  Austria. 

4.  The   Franconian,    spoken   in   the  North    of 
Bavaria,  Hessen,  and  the  Middle  Rhine. 

5.  The  Upper  Saxon  or  Misnian,  spoken  in  the 
plains  of  Saxony  and  Thtiringia. 

These  dialects  differ  from  each  other,  and  parti- 
cularly from  the  High  German  language,  with 
regard  to  their  elements. 

The  Ober  Deutsche  dialects  differ  from  each 
other  by  the  introduction  of  peculiar  vowels. 

The  Nieder  Deutsche  is  distinguished  from  the 
Ober  Deutsche  by  the  shifting  of  consonants: 
ex.gr. : 


OBER  DEUTSCHE  DIALECTS. 

NIEDER    DEUTSCHE  DIALECTS. 

High 
German. 

Allem. 

Suab. 

Bavar. 

Franc. 

Upper 
Saxony. 

Lower 
Saxony. 

Hollandisch. 

English. 

wein. 

wi. 

wai. 

wai. 

wein. 

wein. 

win. 

wein. 

wine. 

stein. 

stein. 

stoi. 

stoa. 

staan. 

steen. 

steen. 

steen. 

stone. 

weit. 

wit. 

wait. 

wait. 

weit. 

weit. 

wet 

weid. 

wide. 

breit. 

breit. 

broit. 

broat. 

braat. 

breet. 

breet. 

breed. 

broad. 

haus. 

hus. 

haus. 

haus. 

haus. 

haus. 

hus. 

huis. 

house. 

kaufen. 

kaufen. 

koufen. 

kafen. 

kafen. 

koofen. 

koopen. 

koopen. 

to  buy. 

feuer. 

Kir, 

fuir. 

foir. 

fair. 

foier. 

fiir. 

fur. 

fire. 

kirche. 

chilche. 

kieche. 

kirche. 

kerche. 

kerche. 

kerke. 

kerk. 

church. 

herz. 

herz. 

heaz. 

herz. 

harz. 

harz. 

hart. 

hart. 

heart. 

I    grosz. 

grosz. 

grausz. 

grusz. 

grausz. 

grusz. 

groot.' 

groot. 

great. 

buch. 

buech. 

buacb. 

buech. 

bouch. 

buch. 

book. 

boek. 

book. 

I  have  introduced  here,  as  a  dialect  of  the 
Nieder  Deutsche,  the  Dutch  =  Hollandisch,  the 
language  spoken  by  the  people  of  the  Neder- 
landen  ==  Niederlande  =  Netherlands. 

The  Nieder  Deutsche  dialect  is  also  spoken  in 
Westphalia,  and  along  the  river  Weser,  &c. 


All  these  dialects  have  also  their  own  words,  or 
at  least  their  peculiar  meanings  of  words,  as  well 
as  particular  modes  of  expression,  and  these  are  to 
be  considered  as  provincialisms. 

PROFESSOR  GOEDES  DE  GRUTER. 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Da.  MANSELL  having  forwarded  to  me  for  publication 
the  accompanying  account  of  his  mode  of  operation,  I 
have  much  pleasure  in  laying  it  before  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q.  ; "  because  my  friend  DR.  MANSELL  is  not 
only  so  fortunate  in  his  results,  but  is  one  of  the  most 
careful  and  correct  manipulators  in  our  art.  The  pro- 
portions which  he  recommends,  and  his  mode  of  ope- 
rating, are,  it  will  be  seen,  somewhat  different  from 
those  hitherto  published.  In  writing  to  me  he  says  : 
"  I  make  a  point  of  making  a  short  note  in  the  evening 
of  the  day's  experiments,  a  plan  involving  very  little 
trouble,  but  of  great  service  as  a  reference."  If  all 
photographers  would  adopt  this  simple  plan,  how  much 
good  would  result !  DR.  M.  complains  to  me  of  the 
constant  variation  he  has  found  in  collodion ;  (with 
your  permission,  I  will  in  your  pages  furnish  him,  and 
all  your  readers,  with  some  plain  directions  on  this 
point)  ;  and  he  has  given  me  some  excellent  observ- 
ations on  the  "  fashionable  "  waxed-paper  process,  in 
which  he  has  not  met  with  such  good  results  as  he  had 
anticipated ;  although  with  much  experience  which 
may  some  day  turn  to  good  account.  DR.  MANSELL 
concludes  with  an  observation  in  which  I  entirely  con- 
cur, viz.  "  That  the  calotype  process  is  by  far  the  most 
useful ;  and  I  find  the  pictures  it  gives  have  better 
effect  than  the  wax  ones,  which  always  to  me  appear 
flat,  even  when  they  are  not  gravelly." 

H.  W.  DIAMOND. 

The  Calotype  on  the  Sea-shore.  —  The  great  quan- 
tity of  blue  light  reflected  from  the  sea  renders  calo- 
typing  in  its  vicinity  much  more  difficult  than  in  the 
country  ;  the  more  distant  the  object,  the  greater  depth 
has  the  blue  veil  which  floats  over  it,  and  as  a  conse- 
quence of  this  disproportion,  if  time  enough  is  given 
in  the  camera  to  bring  out  the  foreground,  the  sky  be- 
comes red,  and  the  distance  obscured.  After  constant 
failures  with  papers  iodized  in  the  usual  manner,  I 
made  a  number  of  experiments  to  obtain  a  paper  that 
would  stand  the  camera  long  enough  to  satisfy  the 
required  conditions,  and  the  result  was  the  following 
method,  which  gives  an  intensity  of  blacks  and  half- 
tones, with  a  solidity  and  uniform  depth  over  large 
portions  of  sky,  greater  than  I  have  seen  produced  by 
any  other  process.  Since  I  adopted  it,  in  the  autumn 
of  1852,  I  have  scarcely  had  a  failure,  and  this  success 
induces  me  to  recommend  it  to  those  who,  like  myself, 
work  in  highly  actinising  localities. 

The  object  of  the  following  plan  is  to  impregnate 
the  paper  evenly  with  a  strong  body  of  iodide  of  silver. 
I  prefer  iodizing  by  the  single  process,  and  for  this 
purpose  use  a  strong  solution,  of  iodide  of  silver,  as  the 
paper  when  finished  ought  to  have,  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible, the  colour  of  pure  iodide  of  silver. 

Take  100  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver,  and  100  grains 
of  iodide  of  potassium  *,  dissolve  each  in  two  ounces  of 

£*  Having  lately  prepared  this  solution  according 
to  the  formula  given  by  DR.  DIAMOND  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  597.),  in  which  it  required  650  grains  to  dissolve 
the  60-grain  precipitate,  we  were  inclined  to  think  our 
correspondent  had  formed  a  wrong  calculation,  as  the 
difference  appeared  so  little  for  a  solution  more  than 


distilled  water,  pour  the  iodide  solution  into  the  nitrate 
of  silver,  wash  the  precipitate  in  three  distilled  waters, 
pour  off  the  fluid,  and  dissolve  it  in  a  solution  of  iodide 
of  potassium,  about  680  grains  are  required,  making 
the  whole  up  to  four  ounces. 

Having  cut  the  paper  somewhat  larger  than  the 
|  picture,  turn  up  the  edges  so  as  to  form  a  dish,  and 
|  placing  it  on  a  board,  pour  into  it  the  iodide  solution, 
abundantly,  guiding  it  equally  over  the  surface  with  a 
camel-hair  pencil  ;  continue  to  wave  it  to  and  fro  for 
five  minutes,  then  pour  off  the  surplus,  which  serves 
over  and  over  again,  and  after  dripping  the  paper,  lay 
it  to  dry  on  a  round  surface,  so  that  it  dries  equally 
fast  all  over  ;  when  almost  dry  it  is  well  to  give  it  a 
sight  of  the  fire,  to  finish  off  those  parts  which  remain 
wet  longest,  but  not  more  than  just  to  surface  dry  it. 

Immerse  it  in  common  rain-water,  often  changing  it, 
and  in  about  twenty  minutes  all  the  iodide  of  potash 
is  removed.  To  ascertain  this,  take  up  some  of  the 
last  water  in  a  glass,  and  add  to  it  a  few  drops  of  a 
strong  solution  of  bichloride  of  mercury  in  alcohol,  the 
least  trace  of  hydriodate  of  potash  is  detected  by  a  pre- 
cipitate of  iodide  of  mercury.  A  solution  of  nitrate  of 
silver  is  no  test  whatever  unless  distilled  water  is  used, 
as  ordinary  water  almost  invariably  contains  muriates. 
The  sooner  the  washing  is  over  the  better.  Pin  up 
the  paper  to  drip,  and  finish  drying  before  a  slow  fire, 
turning  it.  If  hung  up  to  dry  by  a  corner,  the  parts 
longest  wet  are  always  weaker  than  those  that  dry  first. 
When  dry  pass  a  nearly  cold  iron  over  the  back,  to 
smooth  it ;  if  well  made  it  has  a  fine  primrose  colour, 
and  is  perfectly  even  by  transmitted  light. 

To  excite  the  paper,  take  distilled  water  two  drachms, 
drop  into  it  four  drops  (not  minims)  of  saturated  so- 
lution of  gallic  acid,  and  eight  drops  (not  minims)  of 
the  aceto-nitrate  solution;  mix.  Always  dilute  the 
gallic  acid  by  dropping  it  into  the  water  before  the 
aceto-nitrate  ;  gallate  of  silver  is  less  readily  formed, 
and  the  paper  keeps  longer  in  hot  weather.  If  the 
temperature  is  under  sixty  degrees,  use  five  drops  of 
gallic  acid,  and  ten  of  aceto-nitrate  ;  if  above  seventy 
degrees,  use  only  three  drops  of  gallic  acid,  and  seven 
of  aceto-nitrate.  The  aceto-nitrate  solution  consists  of 
nitrate  of  silver  fifty  grains,  glacial  acetic  acid  two 
drachms,  distilled  water  one  ounce. 

Having  pinned  the  paper  by  two  adjacent  corners 
to  a  deal  board,  the  eighth  of  an  inch  smaller  on  each 
side  than  it  is,  to  prevent  the  solutions  getting  to  the 
back,  lay  on  the  gallo-nitrate  abundantly  with  a  soft 
cotton  brush  (made  by  wedging  a  portion  of  fine  cotton 
into  a  cork)  ;  and  keep  the  solution  from  pooling,  by 
using  the  brush  with  a  very  light  hand.  In  about  two 
minutes  the  paper  has  imbibed  it  evenly,  and  lies  dead  ; 
blot  it  up,  and  allow  it  to  dry  in  a  box,  or  place  it  at 
once  in  the  paper-holder.  For  fear  of  stains  on  the 


one-third  stronger.  We  found  upon  accurately  follow- 
ing DR.  MANSELL'S  instructions,  that  it  required  734 
grains  of  iodide  of  potassium  to  effect  a  solution,  whilst 
we  have  at  the  same  time  dissolved  the  quantity  recom- 
mended by  DR.  DIAMOND  with  598  grains.  This  little 
experiment  is  a  useful  lesson  to  our  correspondents, 
exhibiting  as  it  does  the  constantly  varying  strength  of 
supposed  pure  chemicals.  —  ED.  «*  N.  &  Q."] 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


back,  it  is  better  to  place  on  the  board  a  clean  sheet  of 
ordinary  paper  for  every  picture.  It  is  very  important 
to  have  the  glass,  in  which  the  gallo-nitrate  is  made, 
chemically  clean  ;  every  time  it  is  used,  it  should  be 
washed  with  strong  nitric  acid,  and  then  with  distilled 
water. 

To  develop  : — Pin  the  paper  on  the  board  as  before  ; 
rapidly  brush  over  it  a  solution  of  gallo-nitrate,  as 
used  to  excite.  As  soon  as  the  picture  appears,  in 
about  a  minute,  pour  on  a  saturated  solution  of  gallic 
acid  abundantly,  and  keep  it  from  pooling  with  the 
brush,  using  it  with  a  very  light  hand.  In  about  ten 
minutes  the  picture  is  fully  developed.  If  very  slow 
in  coming  out,  a  few  drops  of  pure  aceto-nitrate  brushed 
over  the  surface  will  rapidly  bring  out  the  picture  ; 
but  this  is  seldom  required,  and  it  will  sometimes 
brown  the  whites.  It  is  better,  as  soon  as  the  gallic 
acid  has  been  applied,  to  put  the  picture  away  from 
the  light  of  the  candle  in  a  box  or  drawer,  there  to 
develop  quietly,  watching  its  progress  every  three  or 
four  minutes  ;  the  surface  is  to  be  refreshed  by  a  few 
light  touches  of  the  brush,  adding  more  gallic  acid  if 
necessary.  Many  good  negatives  are  spoiled  by  over- 
fidgetting  in  this  part  of  the  process.  When  the  pic- 
ture is  fully  out,  wash,  &c.  as  usual ;  the  iodide  of 
silver  is  rapidly  removed  by  a  saturated  solution  of 
hyposulphite  of  soda,  which  acts  much  less  on  the 
weaker  blacks  than  it  does  if  diluted. 

If  the  picture  will  not  develop,  from  too  short  ex- 
posure in  the  camera,  a  solution  of  pyrogallic  acid,  as 
DR.  DIAMOND  recommends,  after  the  gallic  acid  has 
done  its  utmost,  greatly  increases  the  strength  of  the 
blacks :  it  slightly  reddens  the  whites,  but  not  in  the 
same  ratio  that  it  deepens  the  blacks. 

After  the  first  wash  with  gallo-nitrate,  it  is  essential 
to  develop  these  strongly  iodized  papers  with  gallic 
acid  only  ;  the  half-and-half  mixture  of  aceto-nitrate 
and  gallic  acid,  which  works  well  with  weaker  papers, 
turns  these  red. 

The  paper  I  use  is  Whatman's  1849.  Turner's 
paper,  Chafford  Mills,  if  two  or  three  years  old,  an- 
swers  equally  well.  M.  L.  MANSELL,  A.B.  M.D. 

Guernsey,  Jan.  30,  1854. 


to 

Ned  o"  the  Todding  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  36.).  —  In  an- 
swer to  the  inquiry  of  W.  T.,  I  beg  to  say  that  he 
will  find  the  thrilling  narrative  of  poor  Ned  of 
the  Toddin  in  Southey's  Espriellcts  Letters  from 
England,  vol.  ii.  p.  42.  ;  but  I  am  not  aware  of  any 
lines  with  the  above  heading,  by  which  I  presume 
W.  T.  to  be  in  search  of  some  poetical  rendering 
of  the  tale.  j\  Q.  jj. 

Hour-glasses  and  Inscriptions  on  old  Pulpits 
(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  31.  64.).  —  In  St.  Edmund's  Church, 
South  Burlingham,  stands  an  elegant  pulpit  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  painted  red  and  blue,  and  re- 


, 

i         With  gildin£'     On  ft  there  still  remains  an 
a  hour-glass,  though  such  appendages  were  not 
introduced  till  some  centuries  probably  after  the 


erection  of  this  pulpit.  The  following  legend  goes 
round  the  upper  part  of  this  pulpit,  in  the  old 
English  character  : 

"  Inter  natos  mulierum  non  surrexit  major  Johanne 
Baptista." 

F.C.H. 

Table-turning  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  39.  88.).— I  have 
not  Ammianus  Marcellinus  within  reach,  but,  if  I 
am  not  mistaken,  after  the  table  had  been  got  into 
motion,  the  oracle  was  actually  given  by  means  of 
a  ring.  This  being  held  over,  suspended  by  a 
thread,  oscillated  or  leaped  from  one  to  another  of 
the  letters  of  the  alphabet  which  were  engraved  on 
the  edge  of  the  table,  or  that  which  covered  it. 
The  passage  would  not  occupy  many  lines,  and  I 
think  that  many  readers  of  "  1ST.  &  Q."  would  be 
interested  if  some  one  of  its  learned  correspondents 
would  furnish  a  copy  of  it,  with  a  close  English 
translation.  N.  B. 

11  Firm  was  their  faith"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  17.).— 
Grateful  as  I  am  to  all  who  think  well  enough  of 
my  verses  to  discuss  them  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  yet  I 
cannot  permit  them  to  be  incorrectly  quoted  or 
wrongly  revised.  If,  as  F.  R.  R.  alleges,  I  had 
written  in  the  third  line  of  the  stanza  quoted  — 
"  with  firm  and  trusting  hands"  —  then  I  should 
have  repeated  the  same  epithet  (Jtrni)  twice  in 
three  lines.  Whereas  I  wrote,  as  a  reference  to 
Echoes  from  Old  Cornwall,  p.  58.,  will  establish, 
stern.  R.  S.  HAWKER. 

The  Wilbraham  Cheshire  MS.  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  270.  303.). — With  regard  to  this  highly  curious 
MS.,  I  am  enabled  to  state  that  it  is  still  preserved 
at  Delamere  House,  the  seat  of  George  Fortescue 
Wilbraham,  Esq.,  by  whom  it  has  been  continued 
down  to  the  present  time.  Mr.  Wilbraham  has 
answered  this  Query  himself,  but  from  some  acci- 
dent his  reply  did  not  appear  in  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  I  therefore,  having  recently  seen  the 
MS.,  take  this  opportunity  of  assuring  your 
querist  of  its  existence. 

W.  J.  BERNHABD  SMITH. 

Temple. 

Househunt  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  516.  606. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  65.).  —  This  animal  is  well  known  by  this  name 
in  Norfolk,  where  the  marten  is  very  rare,  if  not 
entirely  unknown.  The  Norfolk  mousehunt,  or 
mousehunter,  is  the  Mustela  vulgaris.  (Vide  Forby's 
Vocab.  of  East  Anglia,  vol.  ii.  p.  222.,  who  errs, 
however,  in  calling  it  the  stoat,  but  says  that  it  is 
the  "smallest  animal  of  the  weasel  tribe,  and 
pursues  the  smallest  prey.")  It  would  be  of  much 
use,  both  to  naturalists  and  others,  if  our  zoological 
works  would  give  the  popular  provincial  names  of 
animals  and  birds ;  collectors  might  then  more 
easily  procure  specimens  from  labourers,  &c.  I 
have  formed  a  list  of  Norfolk  names  for  birds, 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


which  shall  appear  in  "  N.  &  Q."  if  desired.  The 
Norfolk  Mustelida  in  order  of  size  are  the  " poll- 
cat,"  or  weasel;  the  stoat,  or  carre;  the  mouse- 
hunt,  mousehunter,  or  lobster.  A  popular  notion 
of  gamekeepers  is,  that  pollcats  add  a  new  lobe  to 
their  livers  every  year  of  their  lives  ;  but  the  dis- 
gusting smell  of  the  animal  prevents  examining 
this  point  by  dissection.  E.  G.  R. 

If  Fennell's  Natural  History  of  Quadrupeds  be 
correctly  quoted,  as  it  is  stated  to  be  "  a  very  ex- 
cellent and  learned  work,"  Mr.  Fennell  must  have 
been  a  better  naturalist  than  geographer,  for  he 
says  of  the  beech  marten  : 

"  In  Selkirkshire  it  has  been  observed  to  descend  to 
the  shore  at  night  time  to  feed  upon  mollusks,  particu- 
larly upon  the  large  basket  mussel  (Mytilus  modiolus)'* 

Selkirkshire,  as  you  well  know,  is  an  inland 
county,  nowhere  approaching  the  sea  by  many 
miles :  I  would  fain  hope,  for  Mr.  Fenneli's  sake, 
that  Selkirkshire  is  either  a  misprint  or  a  misquo- 
tation. J.  Ss. 

Begging  the  Question  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  640.).— This 
is  a  common  logical  fallacy,  petitio  principii ;  and 
the  first  known  use  of  the  phrase  is  to  be  found  in 
Aristotle,  rl  tv  apxrj aiVe?<r0ai (Topics Jo.  vin. ch.xiii., 
Bonn's  edition),  where  the  five  ways  of  "  begging 
the  question,"  as  also  the  contraries  thereof,  are  set 
forth.  In  the  Prior  Analytics  (b.  u.  ch.  xvi.)  he 
gives  one  instance  from  mathematicians  — 

"who  fancy  that  they  describe  parallel  lines,  for 
they  deceive  themselves  by  assuming  such  things  as 
they  cannot  demonstrate  unless  they  are  parallel. 
Hence  it  occurs  to  those  who  thus  syllogise  to  say  that 
each  thing  is,  if  it  is ;  and  thus  everything  will  be 
known  through  itself,  which  is  impossible." 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 
Birmingham. 

Termination  " -lyn  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  105.).  —  On 
going  over  an  alphabetical  list  of  places  from  A 
to  G,  I  obtained  these  results  : 


Lincoln  - 
Leicester  - 
York 

Northampton    - 
Cumberland 
Norfolk    - 
Westmoreland  - 
Lancashire 
Derby       - 
Nottingham 
Sussex 


65 

21 

24 

9 

7 

6 

3 

2 

2 

2 


Total 


-     142 


Results  of  a  similar  character  were  obtained  in 
reference  to  -thorp,  -trop,  -thrup,  or  -drop;  Lin- 
coln again  heading  the  list,  but  closely  followed 
by  Norfolk,  then  Leicester,  Notts,  &c.  B.  H.  C. 


German  Tree  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  619. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  65.).  —  ERYX  has  mistaken  my  Query  owing  to 
its  vagueness.  When  I  said,  "  Is  this  the  first 
notice  of  a  German  tree  in  England?"  I  meant, 
"  Is  this  the  first  notice  of  a  German-tree-in-Eng- 
land  ?  "  and  not  "  Is  this  the  first  notice-in-Eng- 
land  of  a  German-tree  ?  "  as  ERYX  understood  it. 

ZEUS. 

Celtic  Etymology  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  40.).  —  If  the  h 
must  be  "exhasperated"  (as  Matthews  used  to 
say)  in  words  adopted  into  the  English  language, 
how  does  it  happen  that  we  never  hear  it  in  hour, 
honour,  heir,  honest,  and  humour  ?  Will  E.  C.  H. 
be  so  kind  as  to  inform  me  on  this  point  ?  With 
regard  to  the  word  humble,  in  support  of  the  h 
being  silent,  I  have  seen  it  stated  in  a  dictionary, 
but  by  whom  I  cannot  call  to  mind,  in  a  list  of 
words  nearly  spelled  alike,  and  whose  sound  is 
the  same : 

"  HUMBLE,  low,  submissive." 

"  UMBLES,  the  entrails  of  a  deer." 

Hence  the  point  of  the  sarcasm  "  He  will  be  made 
to  eat  humble  pie ;"  and  it  serves  in  this  instance 
to  show  that  the  h  is  silent  when  the  word  is  pro- 
perly pronounced. 

The  two  words  isiol  and  irisiol,  properly  uirisiolt 
which  E.  C.  H.  has  stated  to  be  the  original  Celtic 
words  signifying  humble,  have  quite  a  different 
meaning :  for  isiol  is  quietly,  silently,  without 
noise ;  and  uirisiol  means,  sneaking,  cringing, 
crawling,  terms  which  could  not  be  applied  with- 
out injustice  to  a  really  humble  honest  person. 
The  Iberno-Phcenician  umal  bears  in  itself  evi- 
dence that  it  is  not  borrowed  from  any  other 
language,  for  the  two  syllables  are  intelligible 
apart  from  each  other;  and  the  word  can  be  at 
once  reduced  to  its  root  urn,  to  which  the  Sanscrit 
word  hshama,  as  given  by  E.  C.  H.,  bears  no  re- 
semblance whatever.  FRAS.  CROSSLEY. 

Recent  Curiosities  of  Literature  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  31.). 
•^-Your  correspondent  MR.  CUTHBERT  BEDE  has 
done  well  in  directing  Mr.  Thackeray's  attention 
to  the  error  of  substituting  "  candle"  for  "  candle- 
stick," at  p.  47.  of  The  Newcomes  ;  but  it  appears 
that  the  author  discovered  the  error,  and  made  a 
clumsy  effort  to  rectify  it ;  for  he  elsewhere  gives 
us  to  understand,  that  she  died  of  a  wound  in  her 
temple,  occasioned  by  coming  into  contact  with 
the  stone  stairs.  See  H.  Newcome's  letter. 

The  following  curiosity  of  literature  lately  ap- 
peared in  the  London  papers,  in  a  biographical 
notice  of  the  late  Viscount  Beresford,  which  is 
inserted  in  the  Naval  and  Military  Gazette  of 
January  14,  1854  : 

"  Of  honorary  badges  he  had,  first,  A  cross  depen- 
dent from  seven  clasps  :  this  indicated  his  having 
been  present  in  eleven  battles  during  the  Peninsular 
War.  His  name  was  unaccountably  omitted  in  the 


FEB.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


return  of  those  present  at  Ciudad  Rodrigo.  When 
Her  Majesty  gracefully  extended  the  honorary  dis- 
tinctions to  all  the  survivors  of  the  great  war,  Lord 
Beresford  received  the  Peninsular  medal,  with  two 
clasps,  for  Egypt  and  Ciudad  Rodrigo." 

The  expression  should  have  been  "  the  silver 
medal,"  not  "Peninsular;1'  as,  among  the  names 
of  battles  engraved  on  the  clasps  attached  to  the 
silver  war-medals,  granted  in  1849,  will  be  found 
the  words  "  Martinique,"  "  Fort  Detroit,"  "  Cha- 
teauguay,"  "  Chrystler's  Farm,"  and  "  Egypt. 

JUVERNA. 

D.  O.  M.  (Vol.iii.,  p.  173.).— I  am  surprised 
that  there  should  be  the  least  doubt  that  the 
above  are  the  initials  of  "  Datur  omnibus  mori." 

Dr.  John  Taylor  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  299.).  —  There 
are  several  errors  in  the  communication  of  S.  R. 
He  states  that  "  Dr.  John  Taylor  was  buried^at 
Kirkstead,  Lancashire,  where  his  tomb  is  distin- 
guished by  the  following  simple  inscription." 

1.  Kirkstead  is  in  Lincolnshire. 

2.  Dr.  John  Taylor  lies  interred  in  the  burial- 
ground  attached  to  the  Presbyterian  Chapel  at 
Chowbent,  near  Bolton,  in  Lancashire. 

3.  The    inscription    on    the    tombstone   is   as 
follows  : 

"  Here  is  interred  the  Rev.  John  Taylor,  D.D.,  of 
Warrington,  formerly  of  Norwich,  who  died  March  5, 
1761,  aged  66." 

4.  The  inscription  given  by  S.  R.  is  on  a  slab  in 
the  chapel   at  Chowbent.     I  may  add  that  this 
inscription  was  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Enfield. 

THOMAS  BAKER. 
Manchester. 

Lines  attributed  to  Hudibras  (Vol.  i.,  p.  211.).  — 

**  For  he  that  fights  and  runs  away, 
May  live  to  fight  another  day." 

In  so  far  as  I  can  understand  from  the  various 
articles  in  "  "N.  &  Q."  regarding  the  above  quo- 
tation, it  is  to  be  found  in  the  Musarum  Delicice, 
12mo.,  1656.  There  is  a  copy  of  this  volume  now 
lying  before  me,  the  title-page  of  which  runs  thus  : 

"  Musarum  Deliciae,  or  the  Muses'  Recreation  ;  con- 
taining severall  pieces  of  Poetique  Wit.  The  second 
edition,  by  Sr  J.  M.  and  Ja.  S.  London  :  Printed  by 
J.  G.  for  Henry  Herringman,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  his 
Shop,  at  the  Signe  of  the  Anchor  in  the  New  Ex- 
change, 1656." 

This  copy  seems  to  have  at  one  time  belonged 
to  Longmans,  as  it  is  described  in  the  Bib.  An. 
Poetica,  having  the  signatures  of  "  Orator  Henly," 
"Ritson,"  and  "  J.  Park."  I  have  read  this  vo- 
lume over  carefully  twice,  and  I  must  confess  my 
inability  to  find  any  such  two  lines  as  the  above 
noted,  there.  As  I  do  not  think  Mr.  Cunningham, 


in  his  Handbook  of  London,  or  DR.  RIMBATJLT.I 
would  mislead  any  one,  I  am  afraid  my  copy, 
being  a  second  edition,  may  be  incomplete ;  and  as 
I  certainly  did  not  get  the  volume  for  nothing^ 
will  either  of  these  gentlemen,  or  any  other  of  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  who  have  seen  other  editions, 
let  me  know  this  ? 

There  is  a  question  asked  by  MELANION  re- 
garding the  entire  quotation,  which  I  have  not  yet 
seen  answered,  which  is, — 

««  For  he  that  fights  and  runs  away, 
May  live  to  fight  another  day ; 
But  he  that  is  in  battle  slain, 
Can  never  hope  to  fight  again." 

Are  these  last  two  lines  in  the  Musarum  Delicice  ? 
or  are  these  four  lines  to  be  found  anywhere  in 
conjunction  ?  If  this  could  be  found,  it  would  in 
my  opinion  settle  the  question. 


S.  WMSON. 


"  Corporations  have  no  Souls?  frc.  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  587.).  — In  Poynder's  Literary  Extracts,  under 
the  title  "  Corporations,"  there  occurs  the  follow- 
ing passage : 

"  Lord  Chancellor  Thurlow  said  that  corporations 
have  neither  bodies  to  be  punished,  nor  souls  to  be 
condemned ;  they  therefore  do  as  they  like." 

There  are  also  two  long  extracts,  one  from  Cow- 
per's  Task,  book  iv.,  and  the  other  from  the  Life 
of  Wilberforce,  vol.  ii.,  Appendix,  bearing  on  the 
same  subject.  ARCH.  WEIR. 

Lord  Mayor  of  London  a  Privy  Councillor 
(Vol.  iv.  passim).  —  Mr.  Serjeant  Merewether, 
Town  Clerk  to  the  Corporation  of  London,  in  his 
examination  before  the  City  Corporation  Com- 
mission, said  that  it  had  been  the  practice  from 
time  immemorial,  to  summon  the  Lord  Mayor  of 
London  to  the  first  Privy  Council  held  after  the 
demise  of  the  crown.  (The  Standard,  Jan.  13, 
1854,  p.  i.  col.  5.)  L.  HAKTLY. 

Booty's  Case  (Vol.iii.,  p.  170.).  —  A  story  re- 
sembling that  of  "  Old  Booty  "  is  to  be  found  in 
St.  Gregory  the  Great's  Dialogues,  iii.  30.,  where 
it  is  related  that  a  hermit  saw  Theodoric  thrown 
into  the  crater  of  Lipari  by  two  of  his  victims, 
Pope  John  and  Symmachus.  J.  C.  R. 

"  Sat  cito,  si  sat  bene"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  594.).  —  St. 
Jerome  (Ep.  Ixvi.  §  9.,  ed.  Vallars)  quotes  this  as 
a  maxim  of  Cato's.  J"-  C*  R. 

Celtic  and  Latin  Languages  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  14.). — 
Allow  me  to  suggest  to  T.  H.  T.  that  the  word 
Gallus,  a  Gaul,  is  not,  of  course,  the  same  as  the 
Irish  Gal,  a  stranger.  Is  it  not  rather  the  Latin 
form  of  Gaoithil  (pronounced  Gael  or  Gaul),  the 
generic  appellation  of  our  Erse  population?  In 
Welsh  it  is  Gwydyl,  to  this  day  their  term  for  an 
Irishman. 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  224. 


Gaoll,  stranger,  is  used  in  Erie  to  denote  a 
foreign  settler,  e.  g.  the  Earl  of  Caithness  is  Mor- 
phear  (pronounced  Morar)  Gaoll,  the  stranger 
great  man ;  being  lord  of  a  corner  of  the  land  in- 
habited by  a  foreign  race. 

Galloway,  on  the  other  hand,  takes  its  name 
from  the  Gael,  being  possessed  by  a  colony  of  that 
people  from  Kintyre,  &c.,  who  long  retained  the 
name  of  the  wild  Scots*  of  Galloway,  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  Brets  or  British  inhabitants  of  the 
rest  of  the  border.  FRANCIS  JOHN  SCOTT,  M.A. 

Holy  Trinity,  Tewkesbury. 

Brydone  the  Tourists  Birth-place  (Vol.  vii., 
p.  108.). — According  to  Chambers's  Lives  of  Scots- 
men, vol.  i.  p.  384.,  1832,  Brydone  was  the  son  of 
a  clergyman  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Dumbarton, 
where  he  was  born  in  the  year  1741.  When  he 
came  to  England,  he  was  engaged  as  travelling 
preceptor  by  Mr.  Beckford,  to  whom  his  Tour 
through  Sicily  and  Malta  is  addressed.  In  a  copy 
of  this  work,  now  before  me,  I  find  the  following 
remarks  written  in  pencil  : 

««  These  travels  are  written  in  a  very  plausible  style, 
but  little  dependence  is  to  be  placed  upon  their  veracity. 
Brydone  never  was  on  the  summit  of  ^-Etna,  although 
he  describes  the  prospect  from  it  in  such  glowing 
colours." 

It  is  right  to  add,  that  the  writer  of  these  re- 
marks was  long  a  resident  in  Italy,  and  in  constant 
habits  of  intercourse  with  the  most  distinguished 
scholars  of  that  country.  J.  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  second  volume  of  Murray's  British  Classics, 
which  is  also  the  second  of  Mr.  Cunningham's  edition 
of  The  Works  of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  fully  justifies  all  we 
said  in  commendation  of  its  predecessor.  It  contains 
Goldsmith's  Enquiry  into  the  State  of  Polite  Literature 
in  Europe,  and  his  admirable  series  of  letters,  entitled 
The  Citizen  of  the  World.  Mr.  Cunningham  tells  us 
that  *'  he  has  been  careful  to  mark  all  Goldsmith's  own 
notes  with  his  name ; "  his  predecessors  having  in 
Some  instances  adopted  them  as  their  own,  and  in 
others  omitted  them  altogether,  although  they  are  at 
times  curiously  illustrative  of  the  text.  We  are  glad 
to  see  that  Mr.  Murray  announces  a  new  edition,  re- 
vised and  greatly  enlarged,  01*  Mr.  Foster's  valuable 
Life  of  Goldsmith,  uniform  with  the  present  collection 
of  Goldsmith's  writings. 

Memorials  of  the  Canynges  Family  and  their  Times ; 
Westbury  College,  Reddiffe  Church,  and  Chatter  ton,  by 
George  Pryce,  is  the  somewhat  abbreviated  title  of  a 
goodly  octavo  volume,  on  which  Mr.  Pryce  has  bestowed 

*  Scot  or  Scott  is  applied  only  to  the  men  of  Gaelic 
extraction  in  our  old  records. 


great  industry  and  research,  and  by  which  he  hopes  to 
clear  away  the  mists  of  error  which  have  overshadowed 
the  story  of  the  Canynges  family  during  the  Middle 
Ages,  and  to  show  their  connexion  with  the  erection 
or  restoration  of  Westbury  College  and  Redcliff 
Church.  As  Mr.  Pryce  has  some  few  inedited  memo- 
randa relating  to  Chatterton,  he  has  done  well  to  in- 
corporate them  in  a  volume  dedicated  in  some  measure 
to  the  history  of  Bristol's  "  Merchant  Prince." 

Poetical  Works  of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey, 
Minor  Contemporaneous  Poets,  and  Thomas  Sackville, 
Lord  Bttckhurst,  edited  by  Robert  Bell,  forms  the 
second  volume  of  Parker's  Annotated  Edition  of  the 
British  Poets.  Availing  himself,  very  properly,  of  the 
labours  of  his  predecessors,  Mr.  Bell  has  given  us  very 
agreeable  and  valuable  memoirs  of  Surrey  and  Buck- 
hurst  ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that  this  cheap  edition 
of  their  works  will  be  the  means  of  putting  them  into 
the  hands  of  many  readers  to  whom  they  were  before 
almost  entirely  unknown. 

The  Library  Committee  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries, having  had  under  their  consideration  the  state 
of  the  engraved  portraits  in  the  possession  of  the  So- 
ciety, consulted  one  of  the  Fellows,  Mr.  W.  Smith,  as 
to  the  best  mode  of  arrangement.  That  gentleman, 
having  gone  through  the  collection,  advised  that  in 
future  the  Society  should  chiefly  direct  its  attention  to 
the  formation  of  a  series  of  engraved  Portraits  of  the 
Fellows,  and  with  great  liberality  presented  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  such  portraits  as  his  contribu- 
tion towards  such  collection.  Mr.  Smith's  notion  is 
certainly  a  very  happy  one  :  and  we  mention  that  and 
his  very  handsome  donation,  in  hopes  of  thereby  ren- 
dering as  good  service  to  the  Society's  Collection  of 
Portraits,  as  we  are  glad  to  learn  has  been  rendered 
to  their  matchless  Series  of  Proclamations  by  our 
occasional  notices  of  them. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


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to 


J.  D.  (Cheltenham).  The  work  you  allude  to  is  Wace's 
Roman  de  Brut,  which  was  published  under  the  editorship  of 
M.  Le  Roux  de  Lincy  in  1836. 

B.  O.  The  paginal  references  are  omitted  to  the  extracts  from 
Mr.  Buckley's  translation  of  JEschylus  ;  but  probably  the  original 
text  would  solve  the  Query. 

R.  The  print  of  a  bishop  burnt  in  Smilhfield  cannot  be  identi- 
fied without  a  sight  of  the  engraving. 

G.  D.  For  the  origin  of  Plough  Monday,  see  Brady's  Clavis 
Calendaria,  vol.  i.  pp.  160—  16'2.  ;  and  Brand's  Popular  Antiqui- 
ties, vol.  i.pp.  505-508.  (Bohn's  edition). 

A  Communication  from  DR.  DIAMOND  on  the  manufacture  of 
collodion,  and  also  a  very  interesting  one  from  MR.  J.  MAXWELL 
LYTE,  in  our  next  Number. 

ANOMYMOUS  PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENT.  We  have  given 
in  former  Numbers  admirable  formulee  for  printing  positives. 
MR.  POLLOCK'S  mode  on  albumenised  paper  produces  beautiful 
results,  as  does  also  the  more  simple  one  recommended  by  DR. 
DIAMOND.  In  one  of  our  earliest  Photographic  communications 
an  iodized  form  was  given  which,  may  be  uaed  by  feeble  or  arti- 
ficial light,  and  which  is  highly  useful. 

A.  R.  (Bombay).  Iodide  of  silver  should  not  be  dried  for  pho- 
tographic purposes  after  it  is  formed  ;  therefore  you  must  rest 
contented  to  approach  the  nearest  you  can  to  the  requisite  quantity 
by  careful  manipulation.  A  note  appended  to  our  photographic 
article  in  this  Number  sufficiently  indicates  how  often  we  must 
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[No.  224. 


COLLODION  PORTRAITS 
AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  ami  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
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JL  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
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Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
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CONTENTS. 

'NOTES:—  Page 

Remarkable  Imprints       -  143 

legends  of  the  Co.  Clare,  by  Francis 

Robert  Davies     -  -  -  -    145 

Canting  Arms  -  -  -  -  1 16 
MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Selleridge  —  Tombs 
of  Bishops  —  Lines  on  visiting  the 
Portico  of  Beau  Nash's  Palace,  Bath- 
Acrostic  in  Ash  Church,  Kent  —  A 
Hint  to  Publishers  _  Uhland,  the 
German  Poet  —  Virgilian  Inscription 
for  an  Infant  School  -  -  -  1 46 

QUERIES:  — 

The  Shippen  Family —John  White,  by 

Thos.Balch         -          -  -          -    147 

Books  issued  in  Parts  and  not  completed    147 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  _  "  Hovd  Maet  of 
Laet "  _  Hand  in  Church  —  Egger 
Moths —  The  Yorkshire  Dales—  Ciss, 
Cissle,  &c.  —  Inn  Signs,  &c.  —  Smiths 
and  Robinsons  —  Coin  of  Carausius  — 
Verelst  the  Painter  —  Latin  Treatise 
on  whipping  School-boys  —  White- 
washing in  Churches  —  Surname 
"  Kynoch  "  —  Dates  of  published 
Works  —  Saw-dust  Recipe  -  -  148 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
<Bnmks,  or  Gossips'  Bridles  —  Not 
^caring  a  Fig  for  anything  —  B.  C.  Y. 

—  Earl  Nusrent's  Poems  —  Huntbach 
MSS.  —  Holy     Loaf     Money  —  St. 
Philip's,    Bristol  —  Foreign    Univer- 
sities         -  -          -          -    149 

.REPLIES  :  — 

Death-Yearnings  in  Ancient  Families, 

by  C.  Mansfield  Ingleby  -  -  150 
Starvation,  by  N.  L.  Melville,  &c.  -  151 
Osinotherley  in  Yorkshire,  by  T.  Gill  -  152 
Echo  Poetry,  by  Jas.  J.  Scott  -  -  153 
Blackguard  -  -  -  -  -  153 
"  Wurm,"  in  Modern  German  —  Pas- 
sage in  Schiller's  "  Wallenstcin  "  -  154 
"Was  Shakspeare  descended  from  a 

Landed  Proprietor  j?  by  R.  Gole,  &c.  -  154 

Lord  Fairfax  -  -  -  -  156 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :— Mr. 
Lyte  on  Collodion  —  Dr.  Diamond  on 
Sensitive  Collodion  -  -  -  156 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES: — Portrait 
of  Alva  —  Lord  Mayor  of  London 
not  a  Privy  Councillor  — Ne\v  Zea- 
lander  and  Westminster  Bridge  — 
Cui  Bono  — Barrels  Regiment  —  Sir 
Matthew  Hale  —  Scotch  Grievance  — 
-  "  Merciful  Judgments  of  High 
'Church,"  &c.  —  Robert  Dudley,  Earl 
of  Leicester  —  Fleet  Prison  —  The 
Commons  of  Ireland  previous  to  the 
"Union  —  "  Les  Lettres  Jui ves  "  _  Sir 
Philip  Wentworth  — General  Fraser 

—  Namby-Pamby  — The  Word  "Mi- 
ser "  —  The  Forlorn  Hope— Thornton 
Abbey  —  "  Quid  facies,"  &c.  —  Christ- 
Cross-Ro \v_Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  his 
Quotations  from  himself,  &c.  -          -    158 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.        -           -  -  1C2 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted  -  163 

Notices  to  Correspondents       -  -  163 


ToL.IX.— No.  225. 


-PHOTOGRAPHIC  SOCIETY. 

—  THE   EXHIBITION   OF   PHOTO- 
GRAPHS   AND    DAGUERREOTYPES    is 

now  open  at  the  Gallery  of  the  Society  of 
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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  225. 


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JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS,  F.S.A. 

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Some  Account  of  the  Manor  of  Apuldrefield, 
in  the  Parish  of  Cudham,  Kent,  by  G.  Stem- 
man  Steinman,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Petition  to  Parliament  from  the  Borough  of 
Wotton  Basset,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  rela- 
tive to  the  right  of  the  Burgesses  to  Free  Com- 
mon of  Pasture  in  Fasterne  Great  Park. 

Memoranda  in  Heraldry,  from  the  MS. 
Pocket-books  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy  King 
of  Arms. 

Was  William  of  Wykeham  of  the  Family  of 
Swalcliffe?  By  Charles  Wykeham  Martin, 
Esq.,  M.P., F.S.A. 

Account  of  Sir  Toby  Caulfield  rendered  to 
the  Irish  Exchequer,  relative  to  the  Chattel 
Property  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  and  other  fugi- 
tives from  Ulster  in  the  year  1616,  communi- 
cated by  James  F.  Ferguson,  Esq.,  of  the  Ex- 
chequer Record  Office,  Dublin. 

Indenture  enumerating  various  Lands  in 
Cirencester,  4  Hen.  VII.  (1489). 

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pleted, which  are  published  in  cloth  boards, 
price  Two  Guineas,  or  in  Twelve  Parts,  price 
3s.  6d.  each.  Among  its  more  important  ar- 
ticles are  — 

Descent  of  the  Earldom  of  Lincoln,  with  In- 
troductory   Observations    on    the    Ancient 
Earldoms  of  England,  by  the  Editor. 
On  the  Connection  of  Arderne,  or  Arden,  of 
Cheshire,  with  the  Ardens  of  Warwickshire. 
By  George  Ormerod,  Esq.,  D.C.L.,  F.S.A. 
Genealogical  Declaration  respecting  the  Family 
of  Norres,  written  by  Sir  William  Norres,  of 
Speke,  co.  Lane,  in  1563  ;  followed  by  an  ab- 
stract of  charters,  &c. 

The  Domestic  Chronicle  of  Thomas  Godfrey, 

Esq.,  of  Winchelsea,  &c.,  M.P.,  the  father  of 

Sir  Edmund  Berry  Godfrey,  finished  in  1655. 

Honywood  Evidences,  compiled  previously  to 

1620,  edited  by  B.  W.  Greenfield,  Esq. 
The  Descendants  of  Mary  Honywood  at  her 

death  in  1620. 

Marriage  Settlements  of  the  Honywoods. 
Pedigrees  of  the  families  of  Arden  or  Arderne, 
Arundell  of  Aynho,  Babington,  Barry,  Bay- 
ley,  Bowet,  Browne,  Burton  of  Coventry, 
Clarke,  Clerke,  Clinton,  Close,  Dabridge- 
court,  Dakyns  or  Dakeynes,  D'Oyly,  Drew, 
FitzAlan,  Fitzherbert,  Franceis,  Freming- 
ham,  Gvll,  Hammond,  Harlakenden,  He- 
neage,  Hirst,  Honywood,  Hodilow,  Holman, 
Horde,  Hustler,  Isley,  Kirby,  Kynnersley, 
Marche,  Marston,  Meynell,  Norres,  Peirse, 
Pimpe,  Plomer,  Polhill  or  Polley,  Pycheford, 
Pitchford,  Pole  or  De  la  Pole,  Preston,  Vis- 
count Tarah,  Thexton,  Tregose.  Turner  of 
Kirkleatham,  Ufford,  Walerand,  Walton,  and 
Yate. 

The  Genealogies  of  more  than  ninety  families 
of    Stockton-upon-Tees,    by  Wm.   D'Oyly 
Bayley,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
Sepulchral  Memorials  of  the  English  at  Bruges 

and  Caen. 
Many  original   Charters,   several  Wills,  and 

Funeral  Certificates. 

Survey,  temp.  Philip  and  Mary,  of  the  Manors 
of  Crosthole.  Landren,  Landulph,  Lightdur- 
rant,  Porpehan.  and  Tynton,  in  Cornwall ; 
Aylesbeare  and  Whytford,  co.  Devon ;  Ewerne 
Courtenay,  co.  Dorset ;  Mudford  and  Hinton, 
West  Coker,  and  Stoke  Courcy,  co.  Somerset ; 
Rolleston,  co.  Stafford  i  and  Gorton,  co. 
Wilts. 
Survey  of  the  Marshes  of  the  Medway,  temp. 

A  Description  of  Cleveland,  addressed  to  Sir 
Thomas  Chaloner,  temp.  James  I. 

A  Catalogue  of  the  Monumental  Brasses,  an- 
cient Monuments,  and  Painted  Glass  existing 
in  the  Churches  of  Bedfordshire,  with  all 
Names  and  Dates. 

Catalogue  of  Sepulchral  Monuments  in  Suf- 
folk, throughout  the  hundreds  of  Babergh, 
Blackbourn,  Blything,  Bosmere  and  Clay- 
don,  Carlford,  Colnies,  Cosford,  Hartismere, 
Hoxne,  Town  of  Ipswich,  Hundreds  of  Lack- 
ford  and  Loes.  By  the  late  D.  E.  Davy,  Esq., 
of  Ufford. 

Published  by  J.  B.  NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25. 
Parliament  Street,  Westminster  ;  where  may 
be  obtained,  on  application,  a  fuller  abstract 
of  the  contents  of  these  volumes,  and  also  of 
.  the  "  Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genealo- 
gica,"  now  complete  in  Eight  Volumes. 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


143 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  18,  1854. 


REMARKABLE    IMPRINTS. 

More  than  one  pen  has  considered  titles,  dedi- 
cations, and  imprints  worth  a  Note,  and  as  there 
are  still  gleanings  in  their  track,  I  take  the  liberty 
of  sending  you  a  few  of  the  latter  ;  some  from  my 
common-place  book,  others  from  the  fountain- 
heads  on  my  own  shelves,  but  all  drawn  at  random, 
without  much  regard  to  classification  or  chrono- 
logical arrangement. 

The  horrors  of  the  Star  Chamber  and  the  Ec- 
clesiastical Courts  produced  many  extraordinary 
imprints,  particularly  to  those  seditious  books  of 
the  Puritans,  better  known  as  the  Marprelate 
Family ;  works  which  were  printed  by  ambulatory 
presses,  and  circulated  by  unseen  hands,  now  under 
the  walls  of  Archiepiscopal  Lambeth,  and  presto  ! 
(when  the  spy  would  lay  his  hands  upon  them) 
sprite-like,  Martin  re-appeared  in  the  provinces  ! 
This  game  at  hide  and  seek  between  the  brave  old 
Nonconformists  and  the  Church,  went  on  for 
years  without  detection :  but  the  readers  of  "  N. 
&  Q."  do  not  require  from  me  the  history  of  the 
Marprelate  Faction,  so  well  told  already  in  the 
Miscellanies  of  Literature  and  elsewhere ;  the 
animus  of  these  towards  the  hierarchy  will  be 
sufficiently  exhibited  for  my  purpose  in  a  few  of 
their  imprints.  An  Almond  for  a  Parrot,  for 
example,  purports  to  be  — 

;<  Imprynted  at  a  place  not  farre  from  a  place ;  by 
the  Assignes  of  Signior  Some-body,  and  are  to  be  soulde 
at  his  shoppe  in  Trouble- Knave  Street." 

Again,  Oh  read  ouer  D.  John  Bridges,  for  it  is  a 
worthy  work,  is 

"Printed  ouer  sea,  in  Europe,  within  two  forlongs 
of  a  Bouncing  Priest,  at  the  Cost  and  Charges  of 
Martin  Marprelate,  Gent,  1589." 

The  Return  of  the  renowned  Cavalier o  Pasquill 
has  the  following  extraordinary  imprint  : 

"  If  ray  breath  be  so  hote  that  I  burne  my  mouthe, 
I  suppose  I  was  printed  by  Pepper  Allie,  1589." 

The  original  "Marprelate"  was  John  Penri, 
who  at  last  fell  into  the  hands  of  his  enemies,  and 
was  executed  under  circumstances  of  great  bar- 
barity in  Elizabeth's  reign.  "Martin  Junior," 
however,  sprung  up,  and  The  Counter- Cuffe  to 
him  is  — 

"  Printed  between  the  Skye  and  the  Grounde,  wythin 
a  Myle  of  an  Oake,  and  not  many  Fields  off  from  the 
unpriuileged  Presse  of  the  Ass-ignes  of  Martin  Junior, 

1589." 

The  yirulency  of  this  theological  warfare  died 
away  in  James's  reign>  but  only  to  be  renewed  with 
equal  rancour  in  that  of  Charles,  when  Marpre- 


latism  was  again  called  into  activity  by  the  high- 
church  freaks  of  Archbishop  Laud.  Vox  Borealis, 
or  a  Northerne  Discoverie  by  way  of  Dialogue  be- 
tween Jamie  and  Willie,  is  an  example  of  these 
later  attacks  upon  the  overbearing  of  the  mitre, 
and  affords  the  imprint  — 

"  Amidst  the  Babylonians.  Printed  by  Margery 
Marprelate,  in  Th  \vack- Coat  Lane,  at  the  Signe  of  the 
Crab- Tree  Cudgell,  without  any  privilege  of  the 
Cater- Caps,  1641." 

Others  of  this  stamp  will  occur  to  your  readers  : 
this  time  the  Puritans  had  the  best  of  the  struggle, 
and  ceased  not  to  push  their  advantage  until  they 
brought  their  enemy  to  the  block. 

When  the  liberty  of  the  press  was  imperfectly 
understood,  the  political  satirist  had  to  tread 
warily  ;  consequently  we  find  that  class  of  writers 
protecting  themselves  by  jocular  or  patriotic  im- 
prints. A  satirical  pamphlet  upon  the  late  Sicke 
Commons  is  "  Printed  in  the  Happie  Year  1641." 
A  Letter  from  Nobody  in  the  City  to  Nobody  in  the 
Country  is  "  Printed  by  Somebody,  1679."  Some- 
body's Answer  is  "  Printed  for  Anybody."  These 
were  likely  of  such  a  tendency  as  would  have  ren- 
dered both  author  and  printer  amenable  to  some- 
body, say  Judge  Jeffries.  During  the  administra.- 
tion  of  Sir  Robert  AValpole,  there  were  many 
skirmishing  satirists  supported  by  both  ministry 
and  people,  such  as  James  Miller,  whose  pamphlet, 
contra,  Are  these  things  so  ?  is  "  Printed  for  the 
perusal  of  all  Lovers  of  their  Country,  1740." 
This  was  answered  by  the  ministers'  champion, 
James  Dance,  alias  Love,  in  Yes,  they  are  !  alike 
addressed  to  the  "Lovers  of  their  Country." 
What  of  That  ?  was  the  next  of  the  series,  being 
Miller's  reply,  who  intimated  this  time  that  it  was 
"  Printed,  and  to  be  had  of  all  True  Hearts  and 
Sound  Bottoms." 

When  there  was  a  movement  for  an  augmenta- 
tion of  the  poor  stipends  of  the  Scots  Clergy  in 
1750,  there  came  out  a  pamphlet  under  the  title  of 
The  Presbyterian  Clergy  seasonably  detected,  1751, 
which  exceeds  in  scurrility,  if  possible,  the  famous, 
or  infamous,  Scotch  Presbyterian  Eloquence  Dis- 
played; both  author  and  printer,  however,  had  so 
much  sense  as  to  remain  in  the  background,  and 
the  thing  purported  to  be  "Printed  for  Mess 
John  in  Fleet  Street."  Under  the  title  of  The 
Comical  History  of  the  Marriage  betwixt  Hep- 
tarchus  and  Fergusia,  1706  *,  the  Scots  figured  the 
union  of  the  Lord  Heptarchus,  or  England,  with 
the  independent,  but  coerced,  damsel  Fergusia,  or 
Scotland;  the  discontented  church  of  the  latter 

*  G.  Chalmers  ascribed  this  to  one  "  Balantyne." 
|  In  Lockhart's  Memoirs,  Lond.  1714,  Mr.  John  Balan- 
j  tyne,  the  minister  of  Lanark,  is  noticed  as  the  most 
i  uncompromising  opponent  of  the  Union.  I  shall 
I  therefore  assign  the  Comical  History  to  him  until  I  find 
I  a  better  claimant. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  225. 


finding  that  the  former  broke  faith  with  her,  could 
not  help  giving  way  to  occasional  murmurings, 
and  these  found  vent  in  (among  others)  a  poetical 
Presbyterian  tract,  entitled  Melancholy  Sonnets,  or 
Fergusias  Complaint  upon  Heptarchus,  in  which 
the  author  reduced  to  rhyme  the  aforesaid  Co- 
mical History,  adding  thereto  all  the  evils  this  ill- 
starred  union  had   entailed  upon   the  land  after 
thirty-five  years'  experience.     This  curious  pro- 
duction was  "  Printed  at  Elguze  ?  for  Pedaneous, 
and  sold  by  Circumferaneous,  below  the  Zenith, 
1741."*     Charles  II.,  when   crowned  at  Scone, 
took  the  solemn  league  and  covenant ;   but  not 
finding  it  convenient  to  carry  out  that  part  of  his 
coronation   oath,    left   the   Presbyterians   at   the 
^Restoration  in  the  hands  of  their  enemies.     To 
mark  their  sense  of  this  breach  of  faith,  there  was 
published  a  little  book  f  describing  the  inaugura- 
tion of  the  young  profligate,  which  expressively 
purports  to  be  "  Printed  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Year 
of  Covenant-breaking."     The  Scots  folk  had  such 
a  horror  of  anything  of  a  deistical  tendency,  that 
John  Goldie  had  to  publish  his  Essays,  or  an  At- 
tempt to  distinguish  true  from  false  Religion  (popu- 
pularly   called  "  Goldie's   Bible"),    at    Glasgow, 
"Printed  for  the  Author,  and  sold  by  him  at  Kil- 
marnock,  1779;"  neither  printer  nor  bookseller 
would,  apparently,  be  identified  with  the  unclean 
thing.     Both   churchmen   and   dissenters    convey 
their  exultations,  or  denouncements,  upon  political 
changes,  through  the  medium  of  imprints ;    and 
your  correspondents  who  have   been   discussing 
that  matter,  will  see  in  some  of  these  that  the 
"  Good  Old  Cause  "  may  be  "  all  round  the  com- 
pass,"  as  Captain  Cuttle  would   say,    depending 
wholly  upon  the  party  spectacles  through  which 
you  view  it.     Legal  Fundamental  Liberty,  in  an 
epistle  from  Selburne  to  Lenthal,  is  "  Reprinted 
in  the  Year  of  Hypocritical  and  Abominable  Dis- 
simulation, 1649  ;  "  on  the  other  hand,  The  Little 
Bible  of  that  militant  soldier  Captain  Butler  is 
"Printed  in  the  First  Year  of  England's  Liberty, 
1649."     The  Last  Will  and  Testament  of  Sir  John 
Presbyter  is    "Printed   in  the  Year  of  Jubilee, 
1647."     A  New  Meeting  of  Ghosts  at  Tyburn,  in 
which  Oliver,  Bradshaw,   and  Peters  figure,  ex- 
hibits its  royal  tendency,  being  "  Printed  in  the 
Year   of    the   Rebellious   Phanatick's   Downfall, 
1660."     "Printed  at  N.,  with  Licence,"   is   the 
cautious  imprint  of  a  republication  of  Doleman's 

V 

*  This  resembles  in  its  dpggrel  style  Scotland's 
Glory  and  her  Shame,  and  A  Poem  on  the  Burgess  Oath. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents,  familiar  with  Scottish 
typographical  curiosities,  tell  me  who  was  the  author, 
or  authors,  of  these  ? 

f  A  Phoenix,  or  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  8fc., 
12mo.  pp.  168,  with  a  frontispiece  representing  Charles 
burning  the  book  of  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant, 
above  the  flames  from  which  hovers  a  phoenix. 


Conference  in  1681.  A  proper  Project  to  Startle 
Fools  is  "  Printed  in  a  Land  where  Self's  cry'd 
up,  and  Zeal's  cry'd  down,  1699."  The  Impartial 
Accountant,  wherein  it  is  demonstratively  made 
known  how  to  pay  the  National  Debt,  and  that  with- 
out a  New  Tax,  or  any  Inconveniency  to  the  People, 
is  "  Printed  for  a  Proper  Person,"  and,  I  may  add, 
can  be  had  of  a  certain  person,  if  Mr.  Gladstone 
will  come  down  with  an  adequate  consideration 
for  the  secret!  These  accountants  are  all  mys- 
terious,— you  would  think  they  were  plotting  to 
empty  the  treasury  rather  than  to  fill  it ;  another 
says  his  Essay  upon  National  Credit  is  "  Printed 
by  A.  R.  in  Bond's  Stables !  "  Thomas  Scott,  the 
English  minister  at  Utrecht,  published,  among 
other  oddities,  Vox  Ccelis ;  or  Newesfrom  Heaven, 
being  Imaginary  Conversations  there  between 
Henry  VIII.  (/),  Edward  VI.,  Prince  Henrie,  and 
others,  "Printed  in  Elysium,  1624."  Edward 
Raban,  an  Englishman,  who  set  up  a  press  in  the 
far  north,  published  an  edition  of  Lady  Culros' 
Godlie  Dreame,  and  finding  that  no  title  com- 
manded such  respect  among  the  canny  Scots  as 
that  of  Laird,  announced  the  book  to  be  "Im- 
printed at  Aberdene,  by  E.  R.,  Laird  of  Letters, 
1644."  The  Instructive  Library,  containing  a  list 
of  apocryphal  books,  and  a  satire  upon  some  theo- 
logical authors  qf  that  day,  is  "  Printed  for  the 
Man  in  the  Moon,  1710."  The  Oxford  Sermon 
Versified,  by  Jacob  Gingie,  Esq.,  is  "  Printed  by 
Tim.  Atkins  at  Dr.  Sacheverell's  Head,  near  St. 
Paul's,  1729."  "Printed,  and  to  be  had  at  the 
Pamphlett  Shops  of  London  and  Westminster," 
was  a  common  way  of  circulating  productions  of 
questionable  morals  or  loyalty.  The  Chapmen,  or 
Flying-Stationers,  had  many  curious  dodges  of 
this  kind  to  give  a  relish  to  their  literary  wares  : 
The  Secret  History  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  the 
Earl  of  Essex  derived  additional  interest  in  the 
eyes  of  their  country  customers  by  its  being 
"Printed  at  Cologne  for  Will- with- the- Wisp,  at 
the  Sign  of  the  Moon  in  the  Ecliptic,  1767."  The 
Poems  of  that  hard-headed  Jacobite,  Alexander 
Robertson  of  Struan,  are  "Printed  at  Edinburgh 
for  Charles  Alexander,  and  sold  at  his  house  in 
Geddes  Close,  where  Subscribers  may  call  for  their 
Copies,  circa  1750."  *  The  New  Dialogues  of  the 
Dead  are  "  Printed  for  D.  Y.,  at  the  foot  of  Par- 
nassus Hill,  1684."  Professor  Tenant's  poem  of 
Papistry  Stormed  imitates  the  old  typographers, 
it  being  "  Imprentit  at  Edinbrogh  be  Oliver  and 
Boyd,  anno  1827."  A  rare  old  book  is  Goddard's 


*  I  have  not  met  with  the  name  of  such  a  bookseller 
elsewhere,  and  would  like  to  hear  the  history  of  this 
book  ;  it  was  again  published  with  the  addition  of 
The  Martial  Achievements  of  the  Robertsons  of  Strnan, 
and  in  imitation  of  the  original  is  printed  at  Edinburgh 
by  arid  for  Alexander  Robertson,  in  Morison's  Close, 
where  subscribers  may  call  for  their  copies  (1785?). 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


Mastiffe  Whelpe,  "  Imprinted  amongst  the  Anti- 
podes, and  are  to  be  sould  where  they  are  to  be 
bought."     Another,  by  the  same  author,  is  a  Sa- 
tirical Dialogue,   "  Imprinted  in  the  Low  Coun- 
treyes  for  all  such  Gentlemen  as  are  not  altogether 
idle,  nor  yet  well  occupyed."     These  were  both,  I 
believe,  libels  upon  the  fair  sex.     John  Stewart, 
otherwise  Walking  Stewart,  was  in  the  habit  of 
dating   his   extraordinary   publications    "  In   the 
year  of  Man's  Retrospective  Knowledge,  by  As- 
tronomical Calculation,  5000 ;  "  "  In  the  7000  year 
of  Astronomical  History  in  the  Chinese  Tables ; " 
and  "  In  the  Fifth  Year  of  Intellectual  Existence." 
"  Mulberry  Hill,  Printed  at  Crazy  Castle,"  is  an 
imprint  of  J.  H.  Stevenson.     The  Button  Makers' 
Jests,  by  Geo.  King  of  St.  James',  is  "  Printed  for 
Henry  Frederick,    near   St.  James'    Square;"    a 
co:irse  squib  upon  royalty.     One  Fisher  entitled 
Lis  play  Thou  shalt  not  Steal;  the  School  of  Ingra- 
titude.    Thinking  the  managers  of  Drury  Lane 
Lad  communicated  his  performance,    under  the 
latter  name,  to  Reynolds  the  dramatist,  and  then 
rejected  it,  he  published  it  thus  :  "  Printed  for  the 
curious  and  literary  —  shall  we  say  ?  Coincidence ! 
refused  by  the  Managers,  and  made  use  of  in  the 
Farce  of  '  Good  Living,'  "  published  by  Reynolds 
in  1797.     Harlequin  Premier,  as  it  is  daily  acted, 
is  a  hit  at  the  ministry  of  the  period,  "  Printed  at 
Brentafordia,  Capital  of  Barataria,  and  sold  by  all 
the  Booksellers  in  the  Province,  1769."     "  Printed 
Merrily,   and  may  be  read  Unhappily,  betwixt 
Hawke  and   Buzzard,  1641,"  is  the   satisfactory 
imprint  of  The  Downefall  of  temporising  Poets, 
unlicensed  Printers,   upstart    Booksellers,    tooting 
Mercuries,   and  bawling  Hawkers.     Books   have 
sometimes  been  published  for  behoof  of  particular 
individuals ;  old  Daniel  Rogers,  in  his  Matrimo- 
nial Honovr,  announces  "  A  Part  of  the  Impression 
to  be  vended  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  Ed.  Min- 
sheu,  Gent.,  1650."     How  full  of  interest  is  the 
following,  "  Printed  at  Sheffield  by  James  Mont- 
gomery, in  the  Hart's  Head,  1795!"      A  poor 
man,  by  name  J.  R.  Adam,  meeting  with  reverses, 
enlisted,  and  after  serving  abroad  for  a  period, 
returned  but  to  exchange  the  barrack-room  for 
the  _  Glasgow    Lunatic    Asylum.      Possessing    a 
poetical  vein,  he  indulged  it  here  in  soothing  his 
own  and  his  companions'  misery,  by  circulating  his 
verses  on  detached   scraps,   printed  by  himself. 
These  on  his  enlargement  he  collected  together, 
and  gave  to  the  world  in  1845,  under  the  title  of 
the  Garlnavel  Minstrel,  a  neat  little  square  vo- 
lume of  104  pages,  exceedingly  well  executed,  and 
bearing  the  imprint  "  Glasgow,  composed,  printed, 
and  published  by  J.  R.  Adam;"  under  any  circum- 
stances a  most  creditable  specimen,  but  under  those 
I  have  described  "a  rara  avis  in  literature  and  art." 
The  list  might  be  spun  out,  but  I  fear  I  have 
exceeded  limits  already  with  my  dry  subject. 

J.  0. 


LEGENDS    OF    THE    CO.    CLARE. 

In  the  west  of  Clare,  for  many  miles  the  country 
seems  to  consist  of  nothing  but  fields  of  grey  lime- 
stone flags,  which  gives  it  an  appearance  of  the 
greatest  desolation  :  Cromwell  is  reported  to  have 
said  of  it,  "  that  there  was  neither  wood  in  it  to 
hang  a  man,  nor  water  to  drown  him,  nor  earth 
to  bury  him ! "  The  soil  is  not,  however,  by  any 
means  as  barren  as  it  looks  ;  and  the  following 
legend  is  related  of  the  way  in  which  an  ancestor 
of  one  of  the  most  extensive  landed  proprietors  in 
the  county  obtained  his  estates. 

'Twas  on  a  dismal  evening  in  the  depth  of 
winter,  that  one  of  Cromwell's  officers  was  passing 
through  this  part  of  the  country  ;  his  courage  and 
gallantry  in  the  "  good  cause"  had  obtained  for 
him  a  large  grant  of  land  in  Clare,  and  he  was  now 
on  his  journey  to  it.  Picturing  to  himself  a  land 
flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  his  disappointment 
may  therefore  be  imagined  when,  at  the  close  of  a 
weary  day's  journey,  he  found  himself  bewildered 
amid  such  a  scene  of  desolation.  From  the  in- 
quiries he  had  made  at  the  last  inhabited  place 
he  had  passed,  he  was  led  to  conclude  that  he 
could  not  be  far  distant  from  the  "land  of  pro- 
mise," where  he  might  turn  his  sword  into  a  prun- 
ing-hook,  and  rest  from  all  his  toils  and  dangers. 
Could  this  be  the  place  of  which  his  imagination 
had  formed  so  fair  a  vision  ?  Hours  had  elapsed 
since  he  had  seen  a  human  being  ;  and,  as  the  soli- 
tude added  to  the  dismal  appearance  of  the  road, 
bitterly  did  the  veteran  curse  the  folly  that  had 
enticed  him  into  the  land  of  bogs  and  "  Papistrie." 
Troublous  therefore  as  the  times  were,  the  tramp 
of  an  approaching  steed  sent  a  thrill  of  pleasure 
through  the  heart  of  the  Puritan.  The  rider  soon 
joined  him,  and  as  he  seemed  peaceably  disposed, 
they  entered  into  conversation ;  and  the  stranger 
soon  became  acquainted  with  the  old  soldier's 
errand,  and  the  disappointment  he  had  experi- 
enced. Artfully  taking  advantage  of  the  occasion, 
the  stranger,  who  professed  an  acquaintance  with 
the  country,  used  every  means  to  aggravate  the 
disgust  of  his  fellow-traveller,  till  the  heart  of  the 
Cromwellian,  already  half  overcome  by  fatigue 
and  hunger,  sank  within  him ;  and  at  last  he 
agreed  that  the  land  should  be  transferred  to  the 
stranger  for  a  butt  of  Claret  and  the  horse  on 
which  he  rode.  As  soon  as  this  important  matter 
was  settled,  the  stranger  conducted  his  new  friend 
to  a  house  of  entertainment  in  a  neighbouring  ham- 
let, whose  ruins  are  still  called  the  plaret  House 
of  K .  A  plentiful,  though  coarse,  entertain- 
ment soon  smoked  on  the  board ;  and  as  the  eye 
of  the  Puritan  wandered  over  the  "  creature  com- 
forts," his  heart  rose,  and  he  forgot  his  disappoint- 
ment and  his  fatigue.  It  is  even  said  that  he 
dispensed  with  nearly  ten  of  the  twenty  minutes 
which  he  usually  bestowed  on  the  benediction ; 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  225. 


but  be  this  as  it  may,  ere  he  retired  to  his  couch 
—-"vino   ciboque   gravatus" — the  articles   were 
signed,  and   the  courteous  stranger  became  pos- 
sessed of  one  of  the  finest  estates  in  the  county ! 
FRANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 


CANTING  ARMS. 

In  the  introduction  to  a  work  entitled  A  Col- 
lectio?i  of  Coats  of  Arms  borne  by  the  Nobility  and 
Gentry  of  the  County  of  Gloucester,  London, 
J.  Good,  159.  New  Bond  Street,  1792,  and  which 
|  I  believe  was  written  by  Sir  George  Nayler,  it  is 
asserted  that  — 

"  Armes  parlanies,  or  canting  arras,  were  not  common 
till  the  commencement  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
when  they  prevailed  under  the  auspices  of  King 
James." 

Now  doubtless  they  were  more  common  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  but  I  am  of  opinion  that 
there  are  many  instances  of  them  centuries  pre- 
vious to  the  reign  of  King  James  ;  as,  for  example, 
in  a  roll  of  arms  of  the  time  of  Edward  II. 
(A.D.  1308-14),  published  by  Sir  Harris  Nicolas 
from  a  manuscript  in  the  British  Museum,  there 
are  the  following  : 

"  Sire  Peres  Corbet,  d'or,  a  un  corbyn  de-sable. 

Sire  Johan  le  Fauconer,  d'argent,  a  \\ifaucouns  de 
goules. 

Sire  Johan  Heroun,  d'azure,  a  iii  herouns  d'argent. 

Sire  Richard  de  Cokfeld,  d'azure,  a  une  crois  e 
iiii  coks  d'or. 

Sire  Richard  de  Barlingham,  de  goules,  a  iii  ours 
(6ears)  d'argent. 

Sire  Johan  de  Swyneford,  d'argent,  a  un  cheveroun 
de  sable,  a  iii  testes  de  cenglers  (swines1  heads)  d'or." 

Sire  Ammon  de  Lucy  bore  three  luces ;  Sire 
William  Bernak  a  fers  between  three  barnacles, 
&c.  There  are  many  other  examples  in  the  same 
work,  but  as  I  think  I  have  made  my  communica- 
tion quite  long  enough,  I  forbear  giving  them. 

CID. 


Selleridge. — The  story  of  the  author  who  was 
charged  by  his  publisher  for  selleridge,  and  thought 
it  for  selling  his  books,  whereas  it  was  storing 
them  in  a  cellar,  is  given  by  Thomas  Moore  in  his 
Diary,  lately  published,  upon  the  authority  of 
Coleridge.  It  is  to  be  found,  much  better  told, 
in  Coleridge's  Biographia  Literaria.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Tombs  of  Bishops.  —  The  following  bishops, 
whose  bodies  were  interred  elsewhere,  had  or  have 
tombs  in  the  several  cathedrals  in  which  their 
hearts  were  buried  :  — William  de  Longchamp, 


William  de  Kilkenny,  Cardinal  Louis  de  Luxem- 
bourg, at  Ely ;  Peter  de  Aqua  Blanca,  at  Aqua- 
blanca,  in  Savoy  ;  Thomas  Cantilupe,  at  Ashridge, 
Bucks  (Hereford) ;  Ethelmar  (Winton),  at  Win- 
chester ;  Thomas  Savage  (York),  at  Macclesfield ; 
Robert  Stichelles  (Durham),  at  Durham. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 
Durham. 

Lines  on  visiting  the  Portico  of  Beau  Nash's 
Palace,  Bath.  — 

And  here  he  liv'd,  and  here  he  reign'd, 
And  hither  oft  shall  strangers  stray  ; 

To  muse  with  joy  on  native  worth, 

And  mourn  those  pleasures  fled  for  aye. 

Alas  !  that  he,  whose  days  were  spent 

In  catering  for  the  public  weal, 
Should,  in  the  eventide  of  life, 

Be  destin'd  sad  distress  to  feel. 

An  ever  open  heart  and  hand, 

With  ear  ne'er  closed  to  sorrow's  tale, 
Exalts  the  man,  and  o'er  his  faults 
Draws  the  impenetrable  veil. 

L.  M.  THORNTON. 
Bath. 

Acrostic  in  Ash  Church,  Kent.  —  The  following 
acrostic  is  from  2^  brass  in  Ash  Church,  Kent.  It 
is  perhaps  curious  only  from  the  fact  of  its  being 
unusual  to  inscribe  this  kind  of  verse  on  sepul- 
chral monuments.  The  capital  letters  at  the 
commencement  of  each  line  are  given  as  in  the 
original : 

"  «H  John  Brooke  of  the  parish  of  Ashe 

O  Only  he  is  nowe  gone. 

tlj  His  days  are  past,  his  corps  is  layd 

t^  Now  under  this  marble  stone. 

W  Brookstrete  he  was  the  honor  of, 

pd  Robd  now  it  is  of  name, 

O  Only  because  he  had  no  sede 

O  Or  children  to  have  the  same ; 

ft  Knowing  that  all  must  passe  away, 

fj  Even  when  God  will,  none  can  denay. 

"  He  passed  to  God  in  the  yere  of  Grace 
One  thousand  fyve  hundredth  ffower  score  and  two 

it  was, 

The  sixteenthe  daye  of  January,  I  tell  now  playne, 
The  five-and-twentieth  yere  of  Elizabeth  rayne." 

FRAS.  BRENT. 
Sandgate. 

A  Hint  to  Publishers.  —  The  present  period  is 
remarkable  for  its  numerous  reprints  of  our  poets 
and  standard  writers.  However  excellent  these 
may  be,  there  is  often  a  great  drawback,  viz.  that 
one  must  purchase  an  author's  entire  works,  and 
cannot  get  a  favourite  poem  or  treatise  separately. 

What  I  would  suggest  is,  that  a  separate  title- 
page  be  prefixed  to  every  poem  or  treatise  in  an 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


author's  works,  and  that  they  be  sold  collectively 
or  separately  at  the  purchaser's  option.  Thus  few 
would  encumber  themselves  with  the  entire  works 
of  Dryden,  but  many  would  gladly  purchase  some 
of  his  poems  if  they  could  be  had  separately. 

These  remarks  are  still  more  applicable  to 
encyclopaedias.  The  JZncycl.  Metropol.  was  a  step 
in  the  right  direction  ;  and  henceforth  we  may 
hope  to  have  each  article  sold  separately  in  octavo 
volumes.  Is  there  no  chance,  amid  all  these  re- 
prints, of  our  seeing  Heyvvood,  Crashaw,  Southwell, 
Habington,  Daniel,  or  Drummond  of  Hawthorn- 
den  ?  MARICONDA. 

Uhland,  the  German  Poet. — Mr.  Mitchell,  in 
his  speech  at  New  York,  is  said  to  have  stated  that 
Uhland,  the  German  poet,  had  become  an  exile, 
and  was  now  in  Ohio.  This  is  a  mistake  ;  for 
Uhland  is  now  living  in  his  native  Wurtemberg, 
and  is  reported  in  the  papers  to  have  quite  recently 
declined  a  civic  honour  proposed  to  be  conferred 
on  him  by  the  King  of  Prussia  at  the  suggestion 
of  Baron  Humboldt.  J.  M. 

Oxford. 

Virgilian  Inscription  for  an  Infant  School. — 
".     .      Auditae  voces,  vagitus  et  ingens, 
Infantumque  animas  flentes,  in  limine  primo." 

Mn.  vi.  426. 

ANON. 


Omtrfe*. 

THE    SHIPPEN    FAMILY JOHN    WHITE. 

The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  having 
requested  me  to  edit  certain  MSS.,  I  should  be 
very  much  indebted  to  any  one  for  information, 
either  through  your  columns,  or  addressed  to  me 
directly,  concerning  the  following  persons  or  their 
ancestry. 

Edward  Shippen,  son  of  William,  born  in  York- 
shire, near  Pontefract  or  Wakefield,  as  supposed, 
1639  ;  emigrated  to  Boston  1670,  was  a  member 
of  the  Ancient  and  Honourable  Artillery  Com- 
pany, afterwards  turned  Quaker,  was  publicly 
whipt  for  his  faith  (see  Thomas  Story's  Journal, 
quoted  in  Southey's  Common-Place  Book},  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia,  elected  Speaker  1695,  first 
mayor  1701,  &c.,  died  1712.  His  son's  family 
Bible  entries  (now  in  possession  of  Colonel  Jno. 
Hare  Powel)  say  that  his  (the  son's)  relations  in 
England  were  his  "uncle  William's  children," 
viz.  Robert  Shippen,  Doctor  of  Divinity;  Wil- 
liam Shippen,  Doctor  of  Laws  and  a  parliament 
man ;  Edward,  a  physician ;  John,  a  Spanish  mer- 
chant. 

The  uncle  William  thus  mentioned  is  conjec- 
tured to  have  been  the  Rector  of  Stockport,  and 
the  "parliament  man"  to  have  been  his  son, 


"  downright  Shippen  "  (Lord  Mahon's  Hist.  Eng., 
three  vols.) —  a  conjecture  strengthened  by  an- 
other mem.,  "  John,  son  of  the  Rector  of  St. 
Mary's  parish,  Stockport,  was  baptized  July  5, 
A.D.  1678." 

Edward  Shippen's  daughter,  Margaret,  married 
John  Jekyll,  collector  of  the  port  of  Boston,  said 
to  have  been  a  younger  brother  of  Sir  Joseph  ; 
and  a  descendant,  daughter  of  Chief  Justice 
Shippen,  married  General  Benedict  Arnold,  then 
a  distinguished  officer  in  the  American  army. 

Mr.  Shippen  lived  in  great  style  (Watson's 
Annals,  &c.),  and  among  his  descendants  were, 
and  are,  many  persons  of  consequence  and  dis- 
tinction. 

Besides  information  as  to  Mr.  Shippen's  an- 
cestors, I  should  be  glad  to  learn  something  of 
his  kinsfolk,  and  of  the  Jekyll  and  Arnold 
branches.  Sabine's  (Loyalists}  account  of  the 
latter  is  imperfect,  and  perhaps  not  very  just. 

John  White,  Chief  Justice  Shippen,  whilst  a 
law  student  in  London,  writes,  1748-50,  as  though 
Mr.  White  was  socially  a  man  of  dignified  position. 
He  was  a  man  of  large  fortune ;  his  sister  married 
San.  Swift,  who  emigrated  to  this  state.  His 
portrait,  by  Reynolds,  represents  a  gentleman 
past  middle  age,  whose  costume  and  appearance 
are  those  of  a  person  of  refined  and  elegant  edu- 
cation. His  letters  were  destroyed  by  fire  some 
years  since.  The  China  and  silver  ware,  which 
belonged  to  him,  have  the  following  arms  :  "  Gules, 
a  border  sable,  charged  with  seven  or  eight  es- 
toiles  gold ;  on  a  canton  ermines  a  lion  rampant 
sable.  Crest,  a  bird,  either  a  stork,  a  heron,  or 
an  ostrich."  The  copy  inclosed  is  taken  from  the 
arms  on  the  china ;  but  our  Heralds'  College  (i.  e. 
an  intelligent  engraver,  who  gave  me  the  foregoing 
description)  says,  that  on  the  silver  the  crest  is 

"o     of/->T.L-    /->l/-vct/-»  "  TTT^CS       "R  A  T /-ITT 


a  stork  close.' 
Philadelphia. 


THOS.  BALCH. 


BOOKS   ISSUED   IN    PARTS    AND    NOT    COMPLETED. 

From  time  to  time  various  productions,  many 
valuable,  others  the  reverse,  have  issued  from  the 
press  in  parts  or  numbers  ;  some  have  been  com- 
pleted, while  others  have  only  reached  a  few  num- 
bers. It  would  be  desirable  to  ascertain  what  works 
have  been  finished,  and  what  have  not.  I  have 
therefore  transmitted  a  note  as  to  several  that 
have  fallen  in  my  way,  and  should  be  happy  for 
any  information  about  them  : 

;'  1.  John  Bull  Magazine,  8vo.,  London,  1824.  Of 
this  I  possess  four  numbers.  A  friend  of  mine 
has  also  the  four  numbers,  and,  like  myself, 
attaches  great  value  to  them,  from  the  ability 
of  many  of  the  articles.  One  article,  entitled 
"  Instructions  to  Missionaries,"  is  equal  to  any 
thing  from  the  pen  of  T.  Hood.  May  it  not 
have  been  written  by  him  ? 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


[No.  225. 


2.  Portraits  of  the  Worthies  of  Westminster  Hall, 

with  their  Autographs,  being  Fac-Similes  of 
Original  Sketches  found  in  the  Note- Book  of 
a  Briefless  Barrister.  London  :  Thomas  and 
William  Boone,  480.  Strand.  Small  8vo. 

Part  I.     Price  Twenty  Shillings.     Twenty 
Sketches  (very  clever). 

3.  Dictionary  of   Terms   employed  by  the  French 

in  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  &c.,  by 
Shirley  Palmer,  M.  D.  8vo.,  1834.  Bir- 
mingham :  Barlow.  London :  Longman  & 
Co.  Two  Parts.  Stops  at  the  letter  H. 

4.  Quarterly  Biographical  Magazine,  No.  I.,  May, 

1838.     8vo.     London  :  Hunt  &  Hart. 

5.  Complete  Illustrations  of  the  British  Fresh-water 

Fishes.  London:  W.  Wood.  8vo.  Three 
Numbers. 

6.  New  and  Compendious  History  of  the  County  of 

Warwick,  &c.  By  William  Smith,  F.R.  S.A. 
4to.  Birmingham :  W.  Evans.  London : 
J.  T.  Hinton,  4.  Warwick  Square.  1829. 
Ten  Numbers,  to  be  completed  in  Twelve. 
On  my  copy  there  is  written,  "  Never  finished." 
Is  this  the  case  ? 

7.  Fishes  of  Ceylon.     By  John  Whitchurch    Ben- 

net,  Esq.,  F.H.S.  London  :  Longman  &  Co. 
1828.  4to.  Two  Numbers.  A  Guinea  each. 

J.  M. 


"  Hovd  Maet  of  Laet."  —  Will  you  kindly  give 
me  a  translation  of  the  above,  which  is  in  the 
corner  of  an  old  Dutch  panel  painting  in  the 
style  of  Ostade  and  Teniers,  jun.,  in  my  posses- 
sion ?  READING. 

Hand  in  Church  (Vol.viii.,  p.  454.). —What  is 
the  hand  projecting  under  chancel  arch,  Brighton 
old  church  ?  A.  C. 

Egger  Moths.  —  What  is  the  derivation  of  the 
word  "egger,"  as  applied  to  several  species  of 
moths  ?  MOUNTJOY. 

The  Yorkshire  Dales  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  220.).— Is  the 
Guide  to  the  above  by  J.  H.  Dixon  published  ? 

E.  W.  D. 

Ciss,  Cissle,  tyc. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  any  authority  for  a  written  usage  of  these 
words,  or  any  one  of  them  :  ciss,  siss,  cissle  or 
cizzle  ?  They  are  often  heard,  but  I  have  never 
seen  them  written,  nor  can  I^fiud  them  in  any  dic- 
tionary. A. 

Inn  Signs,  frc. — Can  any  reader  of  "N.  &  Q." 
supply  information  respecting  inn  and  other  signs ; 
or  refer  to  any  printed  books,  or  accessible  MSS., 
relating  to  the  subject^?  ALI>HEGE. 

Smiths  and  Robinsons.  —  Could  any  of  your 
correspondents  inform  me  what  are  the  arms  of 


Miles  Smith,  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  those  of  the 
Smiths  of  Willoughby,  those  of  the  Smiths  of 
Crudely,  in  Lancashire,  and  those  of  the  Robinsons 
of  the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire?  Also,  in 
what  church,  and  in  what  year,  did  Lady  Eliza- 
beth Robinson,  otherwise  known  as  Betty  of  the 
Boith,  serve  the  office  of  churchwarden  ? 

JOHN  H.  R.  SMITH,  Jun. 

Coin  of  Carausius. —  A  brass  coin  has  lately 
come  into  my  possession,  bearing  on  the  obverse- 
the  head  and  inscription  : 

"  IMP.    CARAVSIUS.    P.    P.    AVG." 

And  on  the  reverse,  a  female  figure,  with  spear 
and  a  branch : 

"  PAX.    AUG.    S.    P.       MLXXI." 

I  believe  it  to  have  been  struck  by  Carausius,  an 
usurper  of  the  end  of  the  third  century,  and  my 
Query  is  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  letters  MLXXI. 
Some  friends  assert  them  to  be  the  Roman  nu- 
merals, making  the  year  1071,  and  conclude  it  to 
have  been  struck  at  that  date.  C.  G* 

Paddington. 

Verelst  the  Painter.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  who  was  Jo.  Verelst  ?  I  have  in  my 
possession  a  picture  bearing  the  signature,  with 
the  addition  of  ]?.  1714.  The  celebrated  artists  of 
that  name  mentioned  in  the  Dictionary  of  Painters 
cannot  be  the  same.  CELCRENA. 

Latin  Treatise  on  whipping  School-boys.  — 
What  is  the  name  of  a  modern  Latin  author,  who 
has  written  a  treatise  on  the  antiquity  of  the  prac- 
tice of  whipping  school-boys  ?  The  work  is  alluded 
to  in  the  History  of  the  Flagellants,  p.  134.,  edit- 
1777,  but  the  author's  name  is  not  given. 

BETULA. 
Dublin. 

WJiitewashing  in  Churches.  —  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  inform  me  at  what  period,  and 
about  what  year  it  became  the  custom  to  cover 
over  with  whitewash  the  many  beautiful  works  of 
art,  both  in  stone  and  wood,  which  have  of  late- 
years  been  brought  to  light  in  our  cathedrals  and 
churches  in  the  course  of  renovation  ?  K. 

Surname  "  Kynoch."  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents supply  any  heraldic  or  genealogical  in- 
formation regarding  this  name,  a  few  families  of 
which  are  to  be  found  in  Moray  and  Aberdeen 
shires,  North  Britain  ?  J- 

Dates  of  published  Works.  —  Is  it  possible  to- 
ascertain  the  exact  time  of  publication  of  any 
book,  for  instance  in  the  year  1724,  either  at  Sta- 
tioners' Hall  or  elsewhere  ?  D. 

Saw-dust  Recipe.  —  There  is  a  recipe  existing 
somewhere  for  converting  saw-dust  into  palatable 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


human  food.     Can  you  tell  me  what  it  is,  or  where 
it  is  to  be  found  ?  Gr-  D. 


Pranks,  or  Gossips'  Bridles.  —Walton  Church 
•contains  one  of  those  strange  instruments  with 
which  our  ancestors  used  to  punish  those  dames  who 
were  too  free  with  the  use  of  their  tongues.  They 
were  called  hanks  [branks],  or  gossips'  bridles, 
and  were  intended  to  inclose  the  head,  being 
fastened  behind  by  a  padlock,  and  having  at- 
tached to  it  a  small  piece  of  iron  which  literally 
**  held  the  tongue."  Thus  accoutred,  the  unhappy 
culprit  was  marched  through  the  village  till  she 
gave  unequivocal  signs  of  repentance  and  humi- 
liation. Can  any  one  give  some  account  of  this 
curious  instrument  ?  GEOEGE  HODGES. 

Oxford. 

[Fosbroke  says  that  "  the  brank  is  a  sugar-loaf  cap 
made  of  iron  hooping,  with  a  cross  at  top,  and  a  flat 
piece  projecting  inwards  to  lie  upon  the  tongue.  It 
was  put  upon  the  head  of  scolds,  padlocked  behind, 
and  a  string  annexed,  by  which  a  man  led  them 
through  the  towns."  (See  also  Brand's  Popular  An- 
tiquities, vol.  Hi.  p.  108.,  Bonn's  edition.)  Engravings 
of  them  will  be  found  in  Plot's  History  of  Staffordshire, 
p.  389.,  and  in  Brand's  History  of  Newcastle,  vol.  ii. 
p.  192.  In  the  Historical  Description  of  the  Tower  of 
London,  p.  54.,  edit.  1774,  occurs  the  following  libel- 
lous squib  on  the  fair  sex  :  "  Among  the  curiosities  of 
the  Tower  is  a  collar  of  torment,  which,  say  your  con- 
ductors, used  formerly  to  be  put  about  the  women's 
neck  that  cuckolded  their  husbands,  or  scolded  them 
when  they  came  home  late  ;  but  that  custom  is  left  off 
now-a-days,  to  prevent  quarrelling  for  collars,  there 
not  being  smiths  enough  to  make  them,  as  most  mar- 
ried men  are  sure  to  want  them  at  one  time  or  an- 
other." Waldron,  in  his  Description  of  the  Isle  of  Man, 
p.  80.,  thus  notices  this  instrument  of  punishment :  "I 
know  nothing  in  the  Manx  statutes  or  punishments  in 
particular  but  this,  which  is,  that  if  any  person  be 
convicted  of  uttering  a  scandalous  report,  and  cannot 
make  good  the  assertion,  instead  of  being  fined  or  im- 
prisoned, they  are  sentenced  to  stand  in  the  market- 
place, on  a  sort  of  scaffold  erected  for  that  purpose, 
with  their  tongue  in  a  noose  made  of  leather,  which 
they  call  a  bridle,  and  having  been  exposed  to  the  view 
of  the  people  for  some  time,  on  the  taking  off  this 
machine,  they  are  obliged  to  say  three  times,  «  Tongue, 
thou  hast  lyed.' "] 

Not  caring  a  Fig  for  anything. — What  is  the 
origin  of  this  expression  ?  J.  H.  CHATEAU. 

Philadelphia. 

[Nares  informs  us  that  the  real  origin  of  this  ex- 
pression may  be  found  in  Stevens  and  Pineda's  Dic- 
tionaries under  Hiaa  ;  and,  in  fact,  the  same  phrase 
and  allusion  pervaded  all  modern  Europe  :  as,  Far  le 
jftche,  Ital. ;  Faire  la  Jigue,  Fr. ;  Die  Feigen  weisen, 
Germ.;  De  vi/ghe  setten,  Dutch.  (See  Du  Cange,  in 


FicJia.)  Johnson  says,  "  To  fig,  in  Spanish,  higas  dar, 
is  to  insult  by  putting  the  thumb  between  the  fore  and 
middle  finger.  From  this  Spanish  custom  we  yet  say- 
in  contempt,  A  fig  for  you."  To  this  explanation  Mr. 
Douce  has  added  the  following  note  :  "  Dr.  Johnson 
has  properly  explained  this  phrase  ;  but  it  should  be 
added,  that  it  is  of  Italian  origin.  When  the  Milanese 
revolted  against  the  Emperor  Frederick  Barbarossa, 
they  placed  the  Empress  his  wife  upon  a  mule  with 
her  head  towards  the  tail,  and  ignominiously  expelled 
her  their  city.  Frederick  afterwards  besieged  and 
took  the  place,  and  compelled  every  one  of  his  pri- 
soners, on  pain  of  death,  to  take  with  his  teeth  a  fig 
from  the  posteriors  of  a  mule.  The  party  was  at  the 
same  time  obliged  to  repeat  to  the  executioner  the 
words  Ecco  la  fica.  From  this  circumstance  far  la  fica 
became  a  term  of  derision,  and  was  adopted  by  other 
nations.  The  French  say  likewise,  faire  lafigue"'] 

B.  C.  Y.  —  Can  you  give  me  any  information 
respecting  the  famous  B.  C.  Y.  row,  as  it  was 
called,  which  occurred  about  fifty  years  ago  ?  A 
newspaper  was  started  expressly  to  explain  the 
meaning  of  the  letters,  which  said  it  was  "  Beware 
of  the  Catholic  Yoke;"  but  it  was  wrong. 

H.  Y. 

[These  "No- Popery"  hieroglyphics  first  appeared 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  during  the  debates  on  the 
Exclusion  Bill,  and  were  chalked  over  all  parts  of 
Whitehall  and  the  Houses  of  Parliament.  O  B.  C.  Y. 
was  then  the  inscription,  which  meant,  "  O  Beware  of 
Catholic  York."  On  their  re-appearance  in  1809  tho 
Y.  was  much  taller  than  the  B.  C. ;  but  the  use  and 
meaning  at  this  time  of  these  initials  still  remains  a 
query.] 

Earl  Nugenfs  Poems.  —  I  would  be  much 
obliged  for  any  information  relating  to  the  poems 
written  by  Robert,  afterwards  Earl  Nugent,  be- 
tween the  years  1720  and  1780.  It  is  supposed 
that  they  were  first  published  in  some  periodical, 
and  afterwards  appeared  in  a  collected  form. 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 

Dublin. 

[A  volume  of  his  poems  was  published  anonymously 
by  Dodsley,  and  entitled  Odes  and  Epistles ;  containing 
an  Ode  on  his  own  Conversion  from  Popery  :  London, 
1739,  8vo.,  2nd  edit.  There  are  also  other  pieces  by 
him  in  Dodsley's  Collection,  and  the  Neiv  Foundling 
Hospital  for  Wit.  He  also  published  Faith,  a  Poem  ; 
a  strange  attempt  to  overturn  the  Epicurean  doctrine 
by  that  of  the  Trinity  ;  and  Verses  to  the  Queen  ;  with 
a  New  Year's  Gift  of  Irish  Manufacture,  1775,  4to.] 

Huntbach  MSS. — Can  you  tell  me  where  the 
Huntbach  MSS.  now  lie  ?  Shaw,  in  his  History 
of  Staffordshire,  drew  largely  from  them.  UKSUS. 

[Dr.  Wilkes's  Collections,  with  those  of  Fielde, 
Huntbach,  Loxdale,  and  Shaw,  as  also  the  engraved 
plates  and  drawings,  published  and  unpublished,  rela- 
tive to  the  History  of  Staffordshire,  were,  in  the  year 
1820,  in  the  possession  of  William  Hamper,  F. S.  A., 
Deritend  House,  Birmingham.] 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


Holy  Loaf  Money.  — In  Dr.  Whitaker's  Whal- 
ley,  p.  149.,  mention  is  made  of  holy  loaf  money. 
What  is  meant  by  this  ?  T.  I.  W. 

[This  seems  to  be  some  ecclesiastical  due  payable  on 
Hlaf-mass,  or  Loaf-mass,  commonly  called  Lammas- 
Day  (August  1st).  See  Somner  and  Junius.  It  was 
called  Loaf  or  Bread-mass,  because  it  was  a  day  of 
oblation  of  grain,  or  of  bread  made  of  new  wheat ;  and 
was  also  the  holiday  of  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula,  when 
Peter-pence  were  paid.  Du  Cange  likewise  mentions 
the  Panis  benedictus,  and  that  money  was  given  by  the 
recipients  of  it  on  the  following  occasion  :  —  "Since  the 
catechumens,"  says  he,  "  before  baptism  could  neither 
partake  of  the  Divine  Mysteries,  nor  consequently  of 
the  Eucharist,  a  loaf  was  consecrated  and  given  to  them 
by  the  priest,  whereby  they  were  prepared  for  receiving 
the  body  of  Christ."] 

St.  Philip's,  Bristol.  —  Can  you  inform  me  when 
the  Church  of  St.  Philip,  Bristol,  was  made  paro- 
chial, and  in  what  year  the  Priory  of  Benedictines, 
mentioned  by  William  de  Worcester  in  connexion 
with  this  church,  was  dissolved,  and  when  founded  ? 

E.  W.  GODWIN. 

[Neither  Dugdale  nor  Tanner  could  discover  any 
notices  of  this  priory,  except  the  traditionary  account 

preserved  in  William  of  Worcester,  p.  210.:    " 

juxta  Cimiterium  et  Ecclesiam  Sancti  Pbilippi,  ubi 
quondam  ecclesia  religiosorum  et  Prioratus  scituatur." 
It  was  probably  a  cell  to  the  Tewkesbury  monastery  ; 
and  the  historians  of  Bristol  state,  that  the  exact  time 
when  it  became  parochial  is  not  known ;  but  it  was 
very  early,  being  mentioned  in  Gaunt's  deeds  before 
the  year  1200;  and,  like  St.  James's,  became  a  parish 
church  through  the  accession  of  inhabitants.] 

Foreign  Universities.  —  Is  there  any  history  of 
the  University  of  Bologna  ?  or  where  can  be 
found  any  account  of  the  foundation  and  consti- 
tution of  the  foreign  universities  in  general  ? 

J.  C.  H.  R. 

[Our  correspondent  will  find  some  account  of  the 
foreign  universities,  especially  of  Bologna,  in  the 
valuable  article  "  Universities,"  Encyclopaedia  Britan- 
nica,  vol.  xxi.,  with  numerous  references  to  other  works 
containing  notices  of  them.  Consult  also  "  A  Dis- 
covrse  not  altogether  vnprofitable  nor  vnpleasant  for 
such  as  are  desirous  to  know  the  Situation  and  Cus- 
tomes  of  Forraine  Cities  without  trauelling  to  see 
them  :  containing  a  Discovrse  of  all  those  Citties 
which  doe  flourish  at  this  Day  priuiledged  Vniuer- 
sities.  By  Samuel  Lewkenor.v  London,  1594,  4to."] 


DEATH-WARNINGS   IN    ANCIENT   FAMILIES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  55.) 

The  remarks  of  JOHN  o'  THE  FORD  of  Malta 
deserve  to  be  followed  up  by  all  your  correspon- 
dents who,  at  least,  admit  the  possibility  of  "  com- 


munications with  the  unseen  world."  In  order  to 
facilitate  the  acquisition  of  the  requisite  amount 
of  facts,  I  beg  to  apprise  JOHN  o'  THE  FORD,  and 
your  other  correspondents  and  readers  generally, 
that  a  Society  was  founded  about  a  year  ago,  and 
is  now  in  existence,  composed  of  members  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge  ;  the  objects  of  which 
will  be  best  gleaned  from  the  following  extract 
from  the  Prospectus : 

"  The  interest  and  importance  of  a  serious  and  earnest 
inquiry  into  the  nature  of  the  phenomena  which  are 
vaguely  called  'supernatural,'  will  scarcely  be  ques- 
tioned. Many  persons  believe  that  all  such  apparently 
mysterious  occurrences  are  due,  either  to  purely  natural 
causes,  or  to  delusions  of  the  mind  or  senses,  or  to 
wilful  deception.  But  there  are  many  others  who 
believe  it  possible  that  the  beings  of  the  unseen  world 
may  manifest  themselves  to  us  in  extraordinary  ways ; 
and  also  are  unable  otherwise  to  explain  many  facts,  the 
evidence  for  which  cannot  be  impeached.  Both  parties 
have  obviously  a  common  interest  in  wishing  cases  of 
supposed '  supernatural '  agency  to  be  thoroughly  sifted. 
.  .  .  .  The  main  impediment  to  investigations  of  this 
kind  is  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  a  sufficient  number 
of  clear  and  well-attested  cases.  Many  of  the  stories 
current  in  tradition,  or  scattered  up  and  down  in  books, 
may  be  exactly  true ;  others  must  be  purely  fictitious  ; 
others  again,  probably  the  greater  number,  consist  of  a 
mixture  of  truth  tand  falsehood.  But  it  is  idle  to 
examine  the  significance  of  an  alleged  fact  of  this 
nature,  until  the  trustworthiness,  and  also  the  extent 
of  the  evidence  for  it,  are  ascertained.  Impressed  with 
this  conviction,  some  members  of  the  University  of 
Cambridge  are  anxious,  if  possible,  to  form  an  exten- 
sive collection  of  authenticated  cases  of  supposed  '  super- 
natural' agency  ....  From  all  those  who  may  be 
inclined  to  aid  them,  they  request  written  communi- 
cations, with  full  details  of  persons,  times,  and  places." 

The  Prospectus  closes  with  the  following  classi- 
fication of  phenomena : 

"  I.  Appearances  of  Angels.  (1.)  Good.  (2.)  Evil. 

II.  Spectral  appearances  of — (1.)  The  beholder 

himself  (e.g.  'Fetches'  or  'Doubles').  (2.)  Other 
men,  recognised  or  not.  (i.)  Before  their  death  (e.g. 
'  second  sight.')  (a.)  To  one  person,  (b.)  To  several 
persons,  (ii.)  At  the  moment  of  their  death,  (a.) 
To  one  person,  (b.)  To  several  persons.  1.  In  the 
same  place.  2.  In  several  places,  i.  Simultaneously, 
ii.  Successively,  (iii.)  After  their  death.  In  con- 
nexion with  —  (a.)  Particular  places,  remarkable  for — 
1.  Good  deeds.  2.  Evil  deeds,  (b.)  Particular  times 
(e.  g.  on  the  anniversary  of  any  event,  or  at  fixed  sea- 
sons), (c.)  Particular  events  (e.  g.  before  calamity  or 
death),  (d.)  Particular  persons  (e.g.  haunted  mur- 
derers).—  III.  '  Shapes' falling  under  neither  of  the 
former  classes.  (1.)  Recurrent.  In  connexion  with  — 
(i.)  Particular  families  (e.g.  the  'Banshee'),  (ii.) 
Particular  places  (e.  g.  the  '  Mawth  Dog').  (2.)  Oc- 
casional, (i.)  Visions  signifying  events,  past,  present, 
or  future,  (a.)  By  actual  representation  (e.g.  'second 
sight'),  (b.)  By  symbol,  (ii.)  Visions  of  a  fantas- 
tical nature.  —  IV.  Dreams  remarkable  for  coiner- 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


dences.  (1.)  In  their  occurrence,  (i.)  To  the  same 
person  several  times,  (ii.)  In  the  same  form  to  several 
persons.  (a.)  Simultaneously.  (b.)  Successively. 
(2.)  With  facts,  (i.)  Past.  (a.)  Previously  un- 
known, (b.)  Formerly  known,  but  forgotten.  (11.) 
Present,  but  unknown,  (iii.)  Future.  — V.  Feelings. 
A  definite  consciousness  of  a  fact.  (1.)  Past:  an 
impression  that  an  event  has  happened.  (2.)  Present : 
sympathy  with  a  person  suffering  or  acting  at  a  dis- 
tance. (3.)  Future  :  presentiment.  —  VI.  Physical 
effects.  (1.)  Sounds,  (i.)  With  the  use  of  ordinary 
means  (e.  g.  ringing  of  bells),  (ii.)  Without  the  use  of 
any  apparent  means  (e.  g.  voices).  (2.)  Impressions 
of  touch  (e.g.  breathings  on  the  person). 

"Every  narrative  of  'supernatural'  agency  which 
may  be  communicated,  will  be  rendered  far  more  in- 
structive if  accompanied  by  any  particulars  as  to  the 
observer's  natural  temperament  (e.  g.  sanguine,  nervous, 
&c.),  constitution  (e.  g.  subject  to  fever,  somnambulism, 
£c.),  and  state  at  the  time  (e.  g.  excited  in  mind  or 
body,  &c.)." 

As  I  have  no  authority  to  give  names,  I  can  do 
no  more  than  say  that,  though  not  a  member  of 
the  Society,  I  shall  be  happy  to  receive  communi- 
cations and  forward  them  to  the  secretary. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 

[  The  Night  Side  of  Nature  would  seem  to  indicate 
that  its  ingenious,  yet  sober  and  judicious,  authoress 
had  forestalled  the  "  Folk-lore"  investigations  of  the 
projected  Cambridge  Society.  Probably  some  of  its 
members  will  not  rest  satisfied  with  a  simple  collection 
of  phenomena  relating  to  communications  with  the  un- 
seen world,  but  will  exclaim  with  Hamlet  — 

"  Thou  com'st  in  such  a  questionable  shape, 
That  I  will  speak  to  thee  !" 

and  will  endeavour  to  ascertain  the  philosophy  of  those 
communications,  as  Newton  did  with  the  recorded  data 
and  phenomena  of  the  mechanical  or  material  universe. 
Whether  the  transcripts  of  some  of  the  voluminous 
unpublished  writings  of  Dionysius  Andreas  Freher, 
deposited  in  the  British  Museum  (Add.  MSS.  5767 — 
5792.),  will  assist  the  inquirer  in  his  investigations,  we 
cannot  confidently  state :  but  in  them  he  will  find 
continual  references  to  what  Jacob  Bb'hme  terms  "  the 
eternal  and  astral  magic,  or  the  laws,  powers  and 
properties  of  the  great  Universal  Will- Spirit  of  the  two 
co-eternal  worlds  of  darkness  and  light,  and  of  this 
third  or  temporary  principle."  Freher  was  the  prin- 
cipal illustrator  of  the  writings  of  the  celebrated  Jacob 
Bb'hme,  now  exciting  so  much  interest  among  the 
German  literati ;  and,  if  we  may  credit  William  Law, 
it  was  from  the  principles  of  this  remarkable  man  that 
Sir  Isaac  Newton  derived  his  theory  of  fundamental 
powers.  (See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  247.)  But  on 
this  and  other  matters  we  may  doubtless  expect  to  be 
well  informed  by  Sir  David  Brewster,  in  his  new  "Me- 
moir of  the  Life,  Writings,  and  Discoveries  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton."  According  to  Law,  the  two-fold  spiritual 
universe  stands  as  near,  and  in  a  similar  relation  to  this 
material  mixed  world,  of  darkness  and  light,  evil  and 


good,  death  and  life,  or  rather  the  latter  to  the  former, 
as  water  does  to  the  gases  of  which  it  is  essentially  com- 
pounded. —  ED.] 


STARVATION. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  54.) 

Until  your  correspondent  Q.  designated  the 
word  starvation  as  "  an  Americanism,"  I  never  had 
the  least  suspicion  that  it  was  obtained  from  that 
source.  On  the  contrary,  I  remember  to  have 
heard  some  thirty  or  forty  years  ago,  that  it  was 
first  employed  by  Harry  Dundas,  the  first  Viscount 
Melville,  who  might  have  spoken  with  a  brogue, 
but  whose  despatches  were  in  good  intelligible 
English.  I  once  asked  his  son,  the  second  Vis- 
count, whose  correctness  must  be  fresh  in  the  re- 
collection of  many  of  your  readers,  if  the  above 
report  was  true,  and  he  seemed  to  think  that  his 
father  had  coined  the  word,  and  that  it  immediately 
got  into  general  circulation.  My  impression  is, 
that  it  was  already  current  during  the  great 
scarcity  at  the  end  of  the  last,  and  the  commence- 
ment of  this  century  ;  but  the  dictionary  makers, 
those  "who  toil  at  the  lower  employments  of 
life,"  as  old  Sam  Johnson  termed  it,  are  not  apt 
to  be  alert  in  seizing  on  fresh  words,  and  "  starv- 
ation "  has  shared  in  the  general  neglect. 

If  you  permit  me  I  will,  however,  afford  them 
my  humble  aid,  by  transcribing  some  omitted 
words  which  I  find  noted  in  a  little  Walker's 
Dictionary,  printed  in  1830,  and  which  has  been 
my  companion  in  many  pilgrimages  through  many 
distant  lands.  Many  of  them  may  by  this  time 
have  found  their  way  even  into  dictionaries,  but  I 
copy  them  as  I  find  them. 

Minivar. 

Unhesitating. 

Remittent. 

Tannin. 

Curry  (substantive). 

Uncompromised. 

Duchess. 

Resile  (verb). 

Gist. 

Nascent. 

Dictum. 

Retinence. 

Phonetic. 

Lacunae. 

Extradition. 

Laches. 

Fulcrum. 

Statics. 

^Esthetical. 

Complicity. 

N.  L.  MELVILLE. 


Fiat. 

Lichen. 

Dawdle. 

Compete  (verb). 

Starvation. 

Cupel  (see  test). 

Stationery  (writing  mate- 
rials). 

Chubby. 

Mister  (form  of  address). 

Iodine. 

Disorganise. 

Growl  (substantive). 

A vadavat  (School for  Scan- 
dal). 

Apograph. 

Flange. 

Effete. 

Jungle. 

Celt  (formed  of  touch- 
stone). 


However  "  strange  it  may  appear,  it  is  never- 
theless quite  true,"  that  this  word,  "Starvation 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


(from  the  verb),  state  of  perishing  from  cold  or 
hunger,"  is  to  be  found,  and  thus  defined,  in  "An 
Appendix  to  Dr.  Johnson's  English  Dictionary," 
published  along  with  the  latter,  by  William  Maver, 
in  2  vols.  8vo.,  Glasgow,  1809,  now  forty-five  years 
ago.  In  his  preface  to  this  Appendix  he  says  : 

"  In  the  compilation  the  editor  is  principally  in- 
debted to  Mr.  Mason,  whose  labours  in  supplying  the 
^deficiencies  of  Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary  have  so  much 
enriched  the  vocabulary  of  our  language,  that  every 
purchaser  of  the  quarto  edition  should  avail  himself  of 
a  copy  of  Mr.  Mason's  Supplement." 

Whether  or  not  Mr.  Maver  drew  the  word 
"  starvation "  from  Mr.  Mason's  Supplement,  I 
-cannot  say;  but  from  old  date  in  the  west  of 
Scotland  it  has  been,  and  is  still,  popularly  and 
-extensively  used  in  the  exact  senses  given  to  it  by 
Mr.  Maver  as  above.  I  think  it  much  more  likely 
to  be  of  Scottish  than  of  American  origin,  and 
that  Mr.  Webster  may  have  picked  it  up  from 
some  of  our  natives  in  this  country. 

I  may  add,  that  in  early  life  I  often  spoke  with 
Mr.  Maver,  who  was  a  most  intelligent  literary 
man.  In  1809  he  followed  the  business  of  a  book- 
seller in  Glasgow,  but  from  some  cause  was  not 
fortunate,  and  afterwards  followed  that  of  a  book 
auctioneer,  and  may  be  dead  fully  thirty  years 
ago.  His  edition  of,  and  Appendix  to,  Johnson 
were  justly  esteemed ;  the  latter  "  containing  se- 
veral thousand  words  omitted  by  Dr.  Johnson, 
-and  such  as  have  been  introduced  by  good  writers 
since  his  time,"  with  "  the  pronunciation  accord- 
ing to  the  present  practice  of  the  best  orators  and 
orthoepists  "  of  the  whole  language.  G.  N. 

This  word  was  first  introduced  into  the  English 
language  by  Mr.  Dundas,  in  a  debate  in  the  House 
of  Commons  on  American  affairs,  in  1775.  From 
it  he  obtained  the  nick-name  of  "  Starvation 
Dundas."  (Vide  the  Correspondence  between  Ho- 
race Walpole  and  Mason,  vol.  ii.  pp.  177.  310.  396., 
edition  1851.)  The  word  is  of  irregular  formation, 
the  root  starve  being  Old  English,  while  the  ter- 
mination -ation  is  Latin.  E.  G.  R. 

The  word  may  perhaps  be  originally  American  ; 
but  if  the  following  anecdote  be  correct,  it  was 
introduced  into  this  country  long  before  Webster 
compiled  his  Dictionary  : 

"  The  word  starvation  was  first  introduced  into  the 
English  language  by  Mr.  Dundas,  in  a  speech  in  1775 
on  an  American  debate,  and  hence  applied  to  him  as  a 
nickname,  '  Starvation  Dundas.'  '  I  shall  not,'  said  he, 
« wait  for  the  advent  of  starvation  from  Edinburgh  to 
settle  my  judgment.' "  —  Letters  of  Horace  Walpole  and 
Mason,  vol.  ii.  p.  396. 

J.R.M.,  M.A. 

Throughout  this  part  of  the  country,  "starved" 
always  refers  to  cold,  never  to  hunger.  To  express 
the  latter  the  word  "  hungered "  is  always  used  : 


thus,  many  were  "like  to  have  been  hungered"  in 
the  late  severe  weather  and  hard  times.  This  is 
clearly  the  scriptural  phrase  "  an  hungred."  To 
"starve"  is  to  perish;  and  it  is  a  common  ex- 
pression in  the  south,  "  I  am  quite  perished  with 
cold  ;"  which  answers  to  our  northern  one,  "I  am 
quite  starved."  H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 

I  cannot  ascertain  the  period  of  the  adoption  of 
the  unhappily  common  word  "  starvation  "  in  our 
language,  but  it  is  much  older  than  your  corre- 
spondent Q.  supposes.  It  occurs  in  the  Rolliad: 


"  'Tis  but  to  fire  another  Sykes,  to  plan 
Some  new  starvation  scheme  for  Hindostan." 


M. 


OSMOTHERLEY    IN   YORKSHIRE. 

(YoLviii.,  p.617.) 

R.  W.  CARTER  gives  an  account  of  folk  lore  in 
reference  to  Osmotherley,  and  expresses  a  desire 
to  know  if  his  statement  is  authentic.  I  have  en- 
deavoured to  make  myself  acquainted  with  York- 
shire folk  lore,  and  beg  to  inform  MR.  CARTER 
that  his  statement  approaches  as  near  the  truth  as 
possible.  In  my  early  days  I  frequently  had  re- 
cited to  me,  by  a  respectable  farmer  who  had  been 
educated  on  the  borders  of  Roseberry  (and  who 
obtained  it  from  the  rustics  of  the  neighbour- 
hood), a  poetical  legend,  in  which  all  the  parti- 
culars of  this  curious  tradition  are  embodied.  It 
is  as  follows : 

"  In  Cleveland's  vale  a  village  stands, 
Though  no  great  prospect  it  commands ; 
As  pleasantly  for  situation 
As  any  village  in  the  nation. 
Great  Ayton  it  is  call'd  by  name  ; 
But  though  I  am  no  man  of  fame, 
Yet  do  not  take  me  for  a  fool, 
Because  I  live  near  to  this  town  ; 
But  let  us  take  a  walk  and  see 
This  noted  hill  call'd  Roseberry, 
Compos'd  of  many  a  cragged  stone, 
Resembling  all  one  solid  cone, 
Which,  monumental-like,  have  stood 
Ever  since  the  days  of  Noah's  flood. 
Here  cockles  ....  petrified, 
As  by  the  curious  have  been  tried, 
Have  oft  been  found  upon  its  top, 
'Tis  thought  the  Deluge  had  cast  up. 
'Tis  mountains  high  (you  may  see  that), 
Though  not  compar'd  with  Ararat. 
Yet  oft  at  sea  it  doth  appear, 
To  ships  that  northern  climates  steer, 
A  land-mark,  when  the  weather  's  clear. 
If  many  ships  at  sea  there  be, 
A  charming  prospect  then  you'll  sec  ; 
Don't  think  I  fib,  when  this  you're  reading, 
They  look  like  sheep  on  mountains  feeding. 


ear./ 


F£B.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


Then  turn  your  eyes  on  the  other  hand 

As  pleasing'  views  you  may  command. 

For  thirty  miles  or  more,  they  say, 

The  country  round  you  may  survey, 

"When  the  air  's  serene  and  clear  the  day 

There  is  a  cave  near  to  its  top, 

Vulgarly  call'd  the  Cobbler's  Shop, 

By  Nature  form'd  out  of  the  rock, 

And  able  to  withstand  a  shock. 

On  the  north  side  there  is  a  well, 

Relating  which  this  Fame  doth  tell : 

Prince  Oswy  had  his  nativity 

Computed  by  astrology, 

That  he  unnatural  death  should  die. 

His  mother  to  this  well  did  fly 

To  save  him  from  sad  destiny  ; 

But  one  day  sleeping  in  the  shade, 

Supposing  all  secure  was  made, 

Lo  !  sorrow  soon  gave  place  to  joy  ; 

This  well  sprung  up  and  drown'd  the  boy." 

It  is  confidently  stated,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Osraotherley  and  Roseberry,  that  Prince  Oswy 
and  his  mother  were  both  interred  at  Osmotherley, 
from  whence  comes  the  name  of  the  place,  Os-by- 
his-mother-lay,  or  Osmotherley.  THOMAS  GILL. 

Easingwold. 


ECHO    rOETEY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  51.) 

As  another  and  historically-interesting  specimen 
of  echo  poetry,  perhaps  the  readers  of  "  N/.  &  Q." 
may  not  dislike  to  see  preserved  in  your  pages  the 
following  translation  from  the  French.  The  ori- 
ginal publication,  it  is  said,  exposed  the  bookseller, 
Palm  of  Nuremberg,  to  trial  by  court-martial.  He 
was  sentenced  to  be  shot  at  Braunau  in  1807 — a 
severe  retribution  for  a  few  lines  of  echo  poetry. 
It  is  entitled 

"  Bonaparte  and  the  Echo. 

Son.  Alone,  I  am  in  this  sequestered  spot  not  over- 
heard. 

Echo.    Heard! 

Bon.  'Sdeath  !  Who  answers  me?  What  being  is  there 
nigh? 

Echo.   I. 

Bon.  Now  I  guess !  To  report  my  accents  Echo  has 
made  her  task. 

Echo.   Ask. 

Bon.  Knowest  thou  whether  London  will  henceforth 
continue  to  resist  ? 

Echo.   Resist. 

Bon.  Whether  Vienna  and  other  Courts  will  oppose 
me  always  ? 

Echo.    Always. 

Bon.  O,  Heaven  !  what  must  I  expect  after  so  many 
reverses  ? 

Echo.    Reverses. 

Bon.  What?  should  I,  like  a  coward  vile,  to  com- 
pound be  reduced  ? 

Echo.   Reduced. 


Bon.  After  so  many  bright  exploits  be  forced  to  resti- 
tution ? 

Echo.    Restitution. 

Bon.  Restitution  of  what  I've  got  by  true  heroic  feats 
and  martial  address? 

Echo.   Yes. 

Bon.    What  will  be  the  fate  of  so  much  toil  and  trouble? 

Echo.   Trouble. 

Bon.  What  will  become  of  my  people,  already  too  un- 
happy ? 

Echo.  Happy. 

Bon.  What  should  I  then  be,  that  I  think  myself  im- 
mortal ? 

Echo.  Mortal. 

Bon.  The  whole  world  is  filled  with  the  glory  of  my 
name,  you  know. 

Echo.   No. 

Bon.  Formerly  its  fame  struck  this  vast  globe  with 
terror. 

Echo.  Error. 

Bon.  Sad  Echo,  begone  !     I  grow  infuriate  !     I  die  ! 

Echo.   Die!" 

It  may  be  added  that  Napoleon  himself  (Voice 
from  St.  Helena,  vol.  i.  p.  432.),  when  asked  about 
the  execution  of  Palm,  said : 

"  All  that  I  recollect  is,  that  Palm  was  arrested  by 
order  of  Davoust,  I  believe,  tried,  condemned,  and 
shot,  for  having,  while  the  country  was  in  possession  of 
the  French  and  under  military  occupation,  not  only 
excited  rebellion  amongst  the  inhabitants,  and  urged 
them  to  rise  and  massacre  the  soldiers,  but  also  at- 
tempted to  instigate  the  soldiers  themselves  to  refuse 
obedience  to  their  orders,  and  to  mutiny  against  their 
generals.  I  believe  that  he  met  with  a  fair  trial." 

JAS.  J.  SCOTT. 
Hampstead. 


BLACKGUARD. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  15.) 

In  a  curious  old  pamphlet  of  twenty-three  pages, 
entitled  Everybody's  Business  is  Nobody's  Busi- 
ness answered  Paragraph  ly  Paragraph,  by  a 
Committee  of  Women-Servants  and  Footmen, 
London,  printed  by  T.  Read  for  the  author,  and 
sold  by  the  booksellers  of  London,  and  .  .  .  price 
one  penny  (without  date),  the  following  passage 
occurs : 

"  The  next  great  Abuse  among  us  is,  that  under  the 
Notion  of  cleaning  our  Shoes,  above  ten  Thousand 
Wicked,  Idle,  Pilfering  Vagrants  are  permitted  to 
stroll  about  our  City  and  Suburbs.  These  are  called 
the  Black-  Guard,  who  Black  your  Honour's  Shoes,  and 
incorporate  themselves  under  the  Title  of  the  Worship- 
ful Company  of  Japanners.  But  the  Subject  is  so  low 
that  it  becomes  disagreeable  even  to  myself;  give  me 
leave  therefore  to  propose  a  Way  to  clear  the  streets 
of  those  Vermin,  and  to  substitute  as  many  honest 
and  industrious  persons  in  their  stead,  who  are  now 
starving  for  want  of  bread,  while  these  execrable  vil- 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


lains  live  (though  in  Rags  and  Nastiness)  yet  in  Plenty 
and  Luxury." 

"  A(nswer).  The  next  Abuse  you  see  is,  Black  your 
shoes,  your  Honour,  and  the  Japanners  stick  in  his 
Stomach.  We  shall  not  take  upon  us  to  answer  for  these 
pitiful  Scrubs,  but  in  his  own  words  ;  the  Subject  is  so 
low,  that  it  becomes  disagreeable  even  to  us,  as  it  does 
even  to  himself,  and  he  may  clear  the  Streets  of  these 
Vermin  in  what  Manner  he  pleases  if  the  Law  will  give 
Mm  leave,  for  we  are  in  no  want  of  them  ;  we  are  better 
provided  for  already  in  that  respect  by  our  Masters  and 
their  Sons" 

G.N. 

The  following  lines  by  Charles,  Earl  of  Dorset 
and  Middlesex  (the  writer  of  the  famous  old  song 
"  To  all  you  ladies  now  at  land"),  are  an  instance 
of  the  application  of  this  term  to  the  turbulent 
link-boys,  against  whom  the  proclamation  quoted 
by  MR.  CUNNINGHAM  was  directed.  Their  date  is 
probably  a  short  time  before  that  of  the  procla- 
mation : 

"  Belinda's  sparkling  wit  and  eyes, 

United  cast  so  fierce  a  light, 
As  quickly  flashes,  quickly  dies  ; 

Wounds  not  the  heart,  but  burns  the  sight. 
Love  is  all  gentleness,  Love  is  all  joy  ; 

Sweet  are  his  looks,  and  soft  his  pace  : 
Her  Cupid  is  a  black-guard  boy, 

That  runs  his  link  full  in  your  face," 

F.  E.  E. 


"WURM,    IN  MODERN  GERMAN PASSAGE  IN 

SCHILLER'S  "  WALLENSTEIN." 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  464.  624. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  63.) 

I  believe  MR.  KEIGHTLEY  is  perfectly  right  in 
his  conjecture,  so  far  as  Schiller  is  concerned. 
Wurm,  without  any  prefix,  had  the  sense  of  ser- 
pent in  German.  Adelung  says  it  was  used  for 
all  animals  without  feet  whojmove  on  their  bellies, 
serpents  among  the  rest.  Schiller  does  not  seem 
to  have  had  Shakspeare  in  his  thoughts,  but  the 
proverb  quoted  by  Adelung  : 

"  Auch  das  friedlichste  Wurmchen  beiszt,  wenn  man 
es  treten  will." 

In  this  proverb  there  is  evidently  an  allusion  to  the 
serpent,  as  if  of  the  same  nature  with  the  worm ; 
which,  as  we  know,1^  neither  stings  nor  bites  the 
foot  which  treads  on  it.  Shakspeare  therefore 
says  "will  turn,"  makingv  a  distinction,  which 
Schiller  does  not  make.  In  the  translation  Cole- 
ridge evidently  had  Shakspeare  in  his  recollection ; 
but  he  has  not  lost  Schiller's  idea,  which  gives  the 
worm  a  serpent's  sting.  Vermo  is  applied  both  by 
Dante  and  Ariosto  to  the  Devil,  as  the  "  great 
serpent :" 

" .         .          .         .         .1'  mi  presi 
Al  pel  del  vermo  reo,  che  '1  mondo  fora." 

Inferno,  C.  xxxv. 


"  Che  al  gran  vermo  infernal  mette  la  briglia." 
Orlando  furioso,  C.  XLV.  st.  84. 

E.  C.  H. 

With  deference  to  C.  B.  d'O.,  I  consider  that 
Wurm  is  used,  in  poetry  at  least,  to  designate  any 
individual  of  the  tribe  of  reptiles.  In  the  Kampf 
mit  dem  Drachen,  the  rebuke  of  the  "  Master"  is 
thus  conveyed : 

"  Du  bist  ein  Gott  dem  Volke  worden, 
Du  kommst  ein  Feind  zuriick  dem  Orden, 
Und  einen  schlimmern  Wurm  gebar. 
Dein  Herz,  als  deiser  Drache  war, 
Die  Schlanae  die  das  Herz  vergiftet, 
Die  Zwietracht  und  Verderben  stiftet !" 

The  monster  which  had  yielded  to  the  prowess 
of  the  disobedient  son  of  the  "Order"  is  elsewhere 
called  "  der  Wurm  : " 

"  Hier  hausete  der  Wurm  und  lag, 
Den  Raub  erspahend  Nacht  und  Tag  ;  " 

while  the  "  counterfeit  presentment"  of  it — "  Alles 
bild  ich  iiach  genau" — is  delineated  in  the  follow- 
ing lines : 

"  In  eine  Schlanae  endigt  sich, 
Des  Riickens  ungeheure  Lange 
Halb  Wurm  erschien,  halb  Molch  und  Drache." 

The  word  in  ^question  is  in  this  passage  applic- 
able perhaps  to  the  serpent  section,  but  we  have 
seen  that  it  is  used  to  denote  the  entire  living 
animal.  A.  L. 

Middle  Temple. 


WAS    SHAKSPEARE    DESCENDED    FROM   A   LANDED 
PROPRIETOR  ? 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  75.) 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  MR.  HALLIWELL  has 
been  misled  by  his  old  law-books,  for  upon  looking 
at  the  principal  authorities  upon  this  point,  I 
cannot  find  any  such  interpretation  of  the  term 
inheritance  as  that  quoted  by  him  from  Cowell. 
The  words  "the  inheritance,"  in  the  passage 
"  heretofore  the  inheritance  of  William  Shakspeare, 
Gent.,  deceased,"  would  most  certainly  appear  ^to 
imply  that  Shakspeare  inherited  the  lands  as  heir- 
at-law  to  some  one.  But,  however,  it  must  not 
be  concluded  upon  this  alone  that  ^the  poet's 
father  was  a  landed  proprietor,  as  the  inheritance 
could  proceed  from  any  other  ancestor  to  whom 
Shakspeare  was  by  law  heir. 

Blackstone,  in  his  Commentaries,  has  the  follow- 
ing : 

"  Descent,  or  hereditary  succession,  is  the  title 
whereby  a  man  on  the  death  of  his  ancestor  acquires 
his  estate  by  right  of  representation,  as  his  heir-at-law. 
An  heir,  therefore,  is  he  upon  whom  the  law  casts  the 
estate  immediately  on  the  death  of  the  ancestor :  and 
an  estate,  so  descending  to  the  heir,  is  in  Law  called  the 
inheritance.'"  —  Vol.  ii.  p.  201. 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


Again : 

"  Purchase,  perquisitlo,  taken  in  its  largest  and  most 
extensive  sense,  is  thus  defined  by  Littleton  ;  the  pos- 
session of  lands  and  tenements  which  a  man  hath  by 
his  own  act  or  agreement,  and  not  by  descent  from  any 
of  his  ancestors  or  kindred.  In  this  sense  it  is  contra- 
distinguished from  acquisition  by  right  of  blood,  and 
includes  every  other  method  of  coming  to  an  estate, 
but  merely  that  by  inheritance  :  wherein  the  title  is  vested 
in  a  person,  not  by  his  own  act  or  agreement,  but  by 
the  single  operation  of  law."  —  Vol.  ii.  p.  241. 

Thus  it  is  clear  the  possession  of  an  estate  by 
inheritance  is  created  only  by  a  person  being  heir 
to  it ;  and  the  mere  purchase  of  it,  though  it  vests 
the  fee  simple  in  him,  can  but  make  him  the  assign 
and  not  the  heir.  The  nomination  (as  it  would  be 
in  the  case  of  a  purchase)  of  an  heir  to  succeed  to 
the  inheritance,  has  no  place  in  the  English  law  ; 
the  maxim  being  "Solus  Deus  haeredem  facere 
potest,  non  homo ; "  and  all  other  persons,  whom  a 
tenant  in  fee  simple  may  please  to  appoint  as  his 
successors,  are  not  his  heirs  but  his  assigns.  (See 
Williams  on  the  Law  of  Real  Property.) 

RUSSELL  GOLE. 

MR.  HALLIWELL  is  perfectly  right  in  his  opinion 
as  to  the  expression  "  heretofore  the  inheritance  of 
William  Shakspeare."  All  that  that  expression  in 
a  deed  means  is,  that  Shakspeare  was  the  absolute 
owner  of  the  estate,  so  that  he  could  sell,  grant,  or 
devise  it ;  and  in  case  he  did  not  do  so,  it  would 
descend  to  his  heir-at-law.  The  term  has  no  re- 
ference to  the  mode  by  which  the  estate  came  to 
Shakspeare,  but  only  to  the  nature  of  the  estate 
he  had  in  the  property.  And  as  a  man  may  be- 
come possessed  of  such  an  estate  in  land  by  gift, 
purchase,  devise,  adverse  possession,  &c.,  as  well 
as  by  descent  from  some  one  else,  the  mere  fact 
that  a  man  has  such  an  estate  affords  no  inference 
whatever  as  to  the  mode  in  which  he  became  pos- 
sessed of  it.  The  authorities  on  the  subject  are 
Littleton,  section  ix.,  and  Co.  Litt.,  p.  16.  (a),  &c. 
A  case  is  there  mentioned  so  long  ago  as  the 
6  Edw.  III.,  where,  in  an  action  of  waste,  the 
plaintiff  alleged  that  the  defendant  held  «<  de  heere- 
ditate  sua,"  and  it  was  ruled  that,  albeit  the  plain- 
tiff had  purchased  the  reversion,  the  allegation 
was  sufficient. 

In  very  ancient  deeds  the  word  is  very  com- 
monly used  where  it  cannot  mean  an  estate  that 
has  descended  to  an  heir,  but  must  mean  an  estate 
that  may  descend  to  an  heir.  Thus,  in  a  grant  I 
have  (without  date,  and  therefore  probably  before 
A.D.  1300),  Robert  de  Boltone  grants  land  to 
John,  the  son  of  Geoffrey,  to  be  held  by  the  said 
John  and  his  heirs  "  in  feodo  et  hsereditate  in  per- 
petuum."  This  plainly  shows  that  hcereditas  is 
here  used  as  equivalent  to  "  fee  simple."  I  have 
also  sundry  other  equally  ancient  deeds,  by  which 
lands  were  granted  to  be  held  "jure  hsereditaris," 


or  "  libere,  quiete,  hcereditarie,  et  in  pace."  Now 
these  expressions  plainly  indicate,  not  that  the 
land  has  descended  to  the  party  as  heir,  but  that 
it  is  granted  to  him  so  absolutely  that  it  may  de- 
scend to  his  heir  ;  in  other  words,  that  an  estate  of 
inheritance,  and  not  merely  for  life  or  for  years,  is 
granted  by  the  deed.  S.  G.  C. 

MR.  HALLJWELL'S  exposition  of  the  term  "  in- 
heritance," quoted  from  the  Shakspeare  deed,  is 
substantially  correct,  and  there  can  be  no  question 
but  that  the  sentence  "  heretofore  the  inheritance 
of  William  Shakspeare,  Gent.,  deceased,"  was  in- 
troduced in  such  deed,  simply  to  show  that  Shak- 
speare was  formerly  the  absolute  owner  in  fee 
simple  of  the  premises  comprised  therein,  and  not 
to  indicate  that  he  had  acquired  them  by  descent, 
either  as  heir  of  his  father  or  mother,  although  he 
might  have  done  so.  As  MR.  HALLIWELL  appears 
to  attach  some  importance  to  the  word  "pur- 
chase," as  used  by  Cowell  in  his  definition  of  the 
term  "  inheritance,"  the  following  explanation  of 
the  word  "  purchase  "  may  not  prove  unacceptable 
to  him. 

Purchase  —  "  Acquisitum,  perquisitum,  pur- 
chasium  " —  signifies  the  buying  or  acquisition  of 
lands  and  tenements,  with  money,  or  by  taking 
them  by  deed  or  agreement,  and  not  by  descent  or 
hereditary  right.  (Lit.  xii. ;  Reg.  Grig.,  143.)  In 
Law  a  man  is  said  to  come  in  by  purchase  when  he 
acquires  lands  by  legal  conveyance,  and  he  hath  a 
lawful  estate  ;  and  a  purchase  is  always  intended 
by  title,  either  from  some  consideration  or  by  gift 
(for  a  gift  is  in  Law  a  purchase),  whereas  descent 
from  an  ancestor  cometh  of  course  by  act  of  law ; 
also  all  contracts  are  comprehended  under  this 
word  purchase.  (Coke  on  Littleton,  xviii.,  "  Doc- 
tor and  Student,"  c.  24.)  Purchase,  in  opposition 
to  descent,  is  taken  largely  :  if  an  estate  comes  to 
a  man  from  his  ancestors  without  writing,  that  is 
a  descent ;  but  where  a  person  takes  an  estate 
from  an  ancestor  or  others,  by  deed,  will,  or  gift, 
and  not  as  heir-at-law,  that  is  a  purchase.  This 
explanation  might  be  extended,  but  it  is  not  ne- 
cessary to  carry  it  farther  for  the  purpose  of  MR. 
HALLIWELL'S  inquiry.  CHARLECOTE. 

The  word  "  inheritance  "  was  used  for  heredita- 
ment, the  former  being  merely  the  French  form, 
the  latter  the  Latin.  Littleton  (§  9.)  says  : 

"  Et  est  ascavoir  que  cest  parol  (enheritance)  nest 
pas  tant  solement  entendus  lou  home  ad  terres  ou  tene- 
mentes  per  discent  de  heritage,  mes  auxi  chescun  fee 
simple  ou  taile  que  home  ad  per  son  purchase  puit 
estre  dit  enheritance,  pur  ceo  que  ses  heires  luy  pur- 
ront  enheriter.  Car  en  briefe  de  droit  que  home  por- 
tera  de  terre,  que  fuit  de  son  purchase  demesne,  le 
briefe  dira  :  Quam  clamat  esse  jus  et  hereditamentum 
suum.  Et  issint  serra  dit  en  divers  auters  briefes,  que 
home  ou  feme  portera  de  son  purchase  demesne,  come 
il  appiert  per  le  Register." 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


The  word  is  still  in  use,  and  signifies  what  is 
capable  of  being  inherited.  H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 


LORD    FAIRFAX. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  10.) 

Your  correspondent  W.  H.  M.  has  called  my 
attention  to  his  Note,  and  requested  me  to  answer 
the  third  of  his  Queries. 

The  present  rightful  heir  to  the  barony  of  Fair- 
fax, should  he  wish  to  claim  it,  is  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  and  a  resident  in  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia. He  is  addressed,  as  any  other  American 
gentleman  would  be,  Mr.,  when  personally  spoken 
to,  and  as  an  Esquire  in  correspondence. 

A  friend  of  mine,  Captain  W.,  has  thus  kindly 
answered  the  other  Queries  of  W.  H.  M. : 

1.  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  of  Denton  in  Yorkshire 
was   employed   in   several   diplomatic   affairs   by 
Queen  Elizabeth,  and  particularly  in  negotiations 
with  James  VI.  of  Scotland.     By  Charles  I.  he 
was  created  a  peer  of  Scotland,  his  patent  having 
been  dated  at  Whitehall  on  Oct.  18,  A.D.  1627. 

2.  The  family  of  Fairfax  never  possessed  pro- 
perty, or  land,  in  Scotland,  and  had  no  connexion 
with  that  country  beyond  their  peerage.     Many 
English  gentlemen  were  created  peers  of  Scotland 
by  the  Stuart  kings,  although  unconnected  with 
the  nation  by  descent  or  property.     I  may  cite 
the  following    instances  :  —  The    old  Yorkshire 
House  of  Constable  of  Burton  received  a  peerage 
in  the  person  of  Sir  Henry  Constable  of  Burton 
and  Halsham;  by  patent,  dated  Nov.  14,  1620,  Sir 
Henry  was  created  Viscount  D unbar  and  Lord 
Constable.     Sir  Walter  Aston  of  Tixal  in  Staf- 
fordshire, Bart.,  was  created  Baron  Aston  of  For- 
far  by  Charles  I.,  Nov.  28, 1627.    And,  lastly,  Sir 
Thomas  Osborne  of  Kineton,  Bart,  was  created  by 
Charles  II.,  Feb.  2,  1673,  Viscount  Dumblane. 

3.  Answered. 

4.  William  Fairfax,  fourth  son  of  Henry  Fair- 
fax of  Tolston,  co.  York,  second  son  of  Henry, 
fourth  Lord  Fairfax,  settled  in  New  England  in 
America,  and  was  agent  for  his  cousin  Thomas, 
sixth  lord,  and  had  the  entire  management  of  his 
estates  in  Virginia.     His  third  and  only  surviving 
son,  Bryan  Fairfax,  was  in  holy  orders,  and  re- 
sided in  the  United   States.     On   the   death  of 
Robert,  seventh  Lord  Fairfax,  July  15,  1793,  this 
Bryan  went  to  England  and  preferred  his  claim  to 
the  peerage,  which  was  determined  in  his  favour 
by  the  House  of  Lords.     He  then  returned  to 
America.     Bryan   Fairfax   married   a   Miss  Eli- 
zabeth Gary,  and  had  several   children.     (Vide 
Douglas,  and  Burke's  Peerage.') 

There  are  several  English  families  who  possess 
Scottish  peerages,  but  they  are  derived  from  Scot- 
tish ancestors,  as  Talmash,  Radclyffe,  Eyre,  &c. 


Perhaps  the  writer  may  be  permitted  to  inform 
your  correspondent  W.  H.  M.  that  the  term  "sub- 
ject" is  more  commonly  and  correctly  applied  to 
a  person  who  owes  allegiance  to  a  crowned  head, 
and  "citizen"  to  one  who  is  born^and  lives  under 
a  republican  form  of  government.  LW.  W. 

Malta. 

1.  Thomas,  first  Lord  Fairfax  (descended  from 
a  family  asserted  to  have  been  seated  at  Towcester, 
co.  Northampton,  at  the  time  of  the  Norman  inva- 
sion and  subsequently  of  note  in  Yorkshire),  ac- 
companied the  Earl  of  Essex  into  France,  temp. 
Eliz.,  and  was  knighted  by  him  in  the  camp  be- 
fore Rouen.     He  was  created  a  peer  of  Scotland, 
4th  May,  1627  ;  but  why  of  Scotland,  or  for  what 
services,  I  know  not. 

2.  I  cannot  discover  that  the  family  ever  pos- 
sessed  lands   in  Scotland.     They  were  formerly 
owners  of  Denton  Castle,  co.  York  (which  they 
sold  to  the  family  of  Ibbetson,  Barts.),  and  after- 
wards of  Leeds  Castle,  Kent. 

3.  Precise  information  on  this  point  is  looked 
for  from  some  transatlantic  correspondent. 

4.  The  claim  of  the  Rev.  Bryan,  eighth  Lord 
Fairfax,  was  admitted  by  the  House  of  Lords, 
6th  May,  1800  (H.  L.  Journals).     He  was,  I  pre- 
sume, born  befpre  the  acknowledgment  of  inde- 
pendence. 

5.  The  title  seems  to  be  erroneously  retained  in. 
the  Peerages,  as  the  gentleman  now  styled  Lord 
Fairfax  cannot,  it  is  apprehended,  be  a  natural- 
born  subject  of  the  British  Crown,  or  capable  of 
inheriting  the  dignity.     It  seems,  therefore,  that 
the  peerage,  if  not  extinct,  awaits  another  claimant. 
As  a  direct  authority,  I  may  refer  to  the  case  of 
the   Scottish  earldom  of  Newburgh,  in  the  suc- 
cession to  which  the  next  heir  (the  Prince  Gusti- 
niani),  being  an  alien,  was  passed  over  as  a  legal 
nonentity.     (See   Jtiddell    on   Scottish   Peerages, 
p.  720.)     There  is  another  case  not  very  easily 
reconcilable  with  the  last,  viz.  that  of  the  Earl  of 
Athlone,  who,  though  a  natural-born  subject  of  the 
Prince  of  Orange,  was  on  10th  March,  1795,  per- 
mitted to  take  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Lords  in 
Ireland  (Journals  H.  L.  L).     Perhaps  some  cor- 
respondent will  explain  this  case.  H.  Gr. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE. 
Mr.  Lyte  on  Collodion.  —When  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  meeting  you  in  London,  I  promised  that  I  would 
write  to  you  from  this  place,  and  give  you  a  detailed 
account  of  my  method  of  making  the  collodion,  of 
which  I  left  a  sample  with  you  ;  but  since  then  I  have 
been  making  a  series  of  experiments,  with  a  view,  first, 
to  simplifying  my  present  formulae,  and  next,  to  pro- 
duce two  collodions,  one  of  great  sensibility,  the  other 
of  rather  slower  action,  but  producing  better  half- 
tones. I  have  also  been  considering  the  subject  of 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


printing,  and  the  best  methods  of  producing  those 
beautiful  black  tints  which  are  so  much  prized  ;  and  I 
think  that,  although  the  processes  formerly  given  all 
of  them  produce  this  effect  with  tolerable  certainty, 
yet  many  operators,  in  common  with  myself,  have  met 
with  the  most  provoking  failures  on  this  head,  where 
they  felt  the  most  certain  of  good  results. 

1  do  not  pretend  to  make  a  collodion  which  is 
different  in  its  ingredients  from  that  compounded  by 
others.  The  only  thing  is  that  I  am  anxious  to  de- 
fine the  best  proportions  for  making  it,  and  to  give  a 
formula  which  even  the  most  unpractised  operator  may 
work  hy.  First,  to  produce  the  collodion  I  always  use 
the  soluble  paper  prepared  according  to  the  method 
indicated  by  MR.  CROOKES,  and  to  which  I  adverted  in 
«'N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  252.  Take  cf  colourless 
nitric  acid  of  1 '50,  and  sulphuric  acid  of  1'60,  equal 
quantities  by  measure,  and  mix  them  ;  then  plunge  into 
the  mixture  as  much  of  the  best  Swedish  filtering 
paper  (Papier  Joseph  is  also  very  good)  as  the  liquid 
will  cover  ;  it  must  be  placed  in  it  a  single  piece  at  a 
time.  Cover  the  basin,  and  let  it  remain  a  night,  or 
at  least  some  hours.  Then  pour  off  the  liquid,  and 
wash  the  paper  till  its  washings  cease  to  taste  the  least 
acid,  or  to  redden  litmus  paper.  Then  dry  it.  Of 
this  paper  I  take  180  grains  to  one  pint  of  ether,  and 
having  placed  them  together,  I  add  alcohol  drop  by 
drop,  till  the  ether  begins  to  dissolve  the  paper,  which 
will  be  denoted  by  the  paper  becoming  quite  trans- 
parent. I  have  rather  increased  the  quantity  of  paper 
to  be  added,  as  the  after  treatment  rather  thins  the 
collodion.  This,  when  shaken  up  and  completely  dis- 
solved, forms  the  collodion.  To  sensitize  I  use  two 
preparations,  one  prepared  with  potassium,  the  other 
with  ammonium  compounds ;  and,  contrary  to  what 
many  operators  find  the  case,  I  find  that  the  potassium 
gives  the  most  rapid  results.  To  prepare  the  po- 
tassium sensitizer,  I  take  two  bottles  of,  we  will  sup- 
pose, 6  oz.  each  ;  into  one  of  these  I  put  about  half  an 
ounce  of  iodide  of  potassium  in  fine  powder,  and  into 
the  other  an  equal  quantity  of  bromide  of  potassium, 
also  pounded  ;  we  will  call  these  No.  1 .  and  No.  2. 
I  fill  the  bottle  No.  1.  with  absolute  alcohol,  taking 
great  care  that  there  is  no  oxide  of  amyle  in  it,  as  that 
seriously  interferes  with  the  action  of  the  collodion. 
After  leaving  the  alcohol  in  No.  1.  for  two  hours,  or 
thereabouts,  constantly  shaking  it,  let  it  settle,  and 
when  quite  clear  decant  it  off  into  No.  2.,  where  leave 
it  again,  with  constant  shaking,  for  two  hours,  and 
when  settled  decant  the  clear  liquid  into  a  third  bottle 
for  use.  The  oxide  of  amyle  may  be  detected  by 
taking  a  portion  of  the  alcohol  between  the  palms  of 
the  hands,  and  rubbing  them  together,  till  the  alcohol 
evaporates,  after  which,  should  oxide  of  amyle  be 
present,  it  will  easily  be  detected  by  its  smell,  which 
is  not  unlike  that  exhaled  by  a  diseased  potato.  Of 
the  liquid  prepared,  take  one  part  to  add  to  every  three 
parts  of  collodion.  The  next,  or  ammonium  sensitizer, 
is  made  as  follows.  Take 

Absolute  alcohol  -  -  -     10  oz. 

Iodide  of  ammon.  -  100  grs. 

Bromide  of  ammon.       -  -  -     25  grs. 

Mix,  and  when  dissolved,  take  one  part  to  three  of 


collodion,  as  before.  I  feel  certain  that  on  a  strict 
adherence  to  the  correct  proportion  depends  all  the 
success  of  photography  ;  and  as  we  find  in  the  kindred 
process  of  the  daguerreotype,  that  if  we  add  too  much 
or  too  little  of  the  bromine  sensitizer,  we  make  the 
plate  less  sensitive,  so  in  this  process.  When  making 
the  first  of  these  sensitizers,  I  always  in  each  case  let 
the  solution  attain  a  temperature  of  about  60°  before 
decanting,  so  as  to  attain  a  perfectly  equable  compound 
on  all  occasions. 

In  the  second,  or  ammonium  sensitizer,  the  solution 
may  be  assisted  by  a  moderate  heat,  and  when  again 
cooled,  may  advantageously  be  filtered  to  separate  any 
sediment  which  may  exist ;  but  neither  of  these  liquids 
should  ever  be  exposed  to  great  cold. 

I  dissolve  in  my  batli  of  nitrate  of  silver  as  much 
freshly  precipitated  bromide  of  silver  as  it  will  take  up. 
Next,  as  to  the  printing  of  positives  to  obtain  black 
tints,  the  only  condition  necessary  to  produce  this  re- 
sult is  having  an  acid  nitrate  bath  ;  whether  the  posi- 
tive be  printed  on  albumen  paper,  or  common  salted 
paper,  the  result  will  always  be  the  same.  I  have 
tried  various  acids  in  the  bath,  viz.  nitric,  sulphuric, 
tartaric,  and  acetic,  and  prefer  the  latter,  as  being  the 
most  manageable,  and  having  a  high  equivalent.  The 
paper  I  now  constantly  use  is  common  salted  paper, 
prepared  as  follows.  Take 


Chloride  of  barium 
Chloride  of  ammon. 
Chloride  of  potassium    - 
Water  - 


-  180  grs. 

-  100  grs. 

-  140  grs. 

-  10  oz. 


Mix,  and  pour  into  a  dish  and  lay  the  paper  on  the 
liquid,  wetting  only  one  side ;  when  it  has  lain  there 
for  about  five  minutes  if  French  paper  has  been  used, 
if  English  paper  till  it  ceases  to  curl  and  falls  flat  on 
the  liquid,  let  it  be  hung  up  by  a  bent  pin  to  dry. 
These  salts  are  better  than  those  generally  recom- 
mended, as  they  do  not  form  such  deliquescent  salts 
when  decomposed  as  the  chloride  of  sodium  does,  and 
for  this  reason  I  should  have  even  avoided  the  chloride 
of  ammonium,  only  that  it  so  much  assists  the  tints ; 
however,  in  company  with  the  other  salts,  the  nitrate 
of  ammon.  formed  does  not  much  take  up  the  atmo- 
spheric moisture,  and  I  have  never  found  it  stain  an 
even  unvarnished  negative.  To  sensitize  this  paper 
take 


Nitrate  of  silver 
Acetic  acid,  glacial 
Water  - 


-  500  grs. 

-  2  drs. 

-  5oz. 


Mix,  and  lay  the  paper  on  this  solution  for  not  less 
than  five  minutes,  and  if  English  paper,  double  that 
time.  The  hyposulphite  to  be  used  may  be  a  very 
strong  solution  of  twenty  to  twenty-five  per  cent.,  and 
this  mode  of  treatment  will  always  be  found  to  produce 
fine  tints.  After  some  time  it  will  be  found  that  the 
nitrate  bath  will  lose  its  acidity,  and  a  drachm  of  acetic 
acid  may  be  again  added,  when  the  prints  begin  to 
take  a  red  tone  :  this  will  again  restore  the  blacks. 
Lastly,  the  bath  may  of  itself  get  too  weak,  and  then 
it  will  be  best  to  place  it  on  one  side,  and  recover  the 
silver  by  any  of  the  usual  methods,  and  make  a  new- 
bath.  One  word  about  the  addition  of  the  bromide  of 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


silver  to  the  double  iodide,  as  recommended  by  DR. 
DIAMOND.  I  tried  this,  and  feel  most  confident  that  it 
produces  no  difference ;  as  soon  as  the  bromide  of 
silver  comes  in  contact  with  the  iodide  of  potassium, 
double  decomposition  ensues,  and  iodide  of  silver  is 
formed.  Indeed,  farther,  this  very  double  decompo- 
sition, or  a  similar  one,  is  the  basis  of  a  patent  I  have 
just  taken  for  at  the  same  time  refining  silver  and  ma- 
nufacturing iodide  of  potassium  ;  a  process  by  which  I 
much  hope  the  enormous  present  price  of  iodide  of 
potassium  will  be  much  lowered.  F.  MAXWELL  LYTE. 

Hotel  de  1'Europe, 
a  Pau,  Basses  Pyrenees. 

P.  S.  —  Since  writing  the  former  part  of  this  letter,  I 
see  in  La  Lumidre  a  paper  on  the  subject  of  printing 
positives,  in  part  of  which  the  addition  of  nitric  acid  is 
recommended  to  the  bath  ;  but  as  my  experiments  have 
been  quite  independent  of  theirs,  and  my  process  one 
of  a  different  nature,  I  still  send  it  to  you.  When  I 
have  an  opportunity,  I  will  send  a  couple  of  specimens 
of  my  workmanship.  I  had  prepared  some  for-  the 
Exhibition,  but  could  not  get  them  off  in  time.  I  may 
add  that  the  developing  agent  I  use  is  the  same  in 
every  way  as  that  I  have  before  indicated  through  the 
medium  of  your  pages ;  but  where  formic  acid  cannot 
be  got,  the  best  developer  is  made  as  follows : 

Pyrogallic  acid    -  -  -  -27  grs. 

Acetic  acid  -»  -.  -  -     6  drs. 

Water     -  -  -.  -  -     9  oz. 

On  Sensitive  Collodion.  —  As  I  have  lately  received 
many  requests  from  friends  upon  the  subject  of  the 
most  sensitive  collodion,  I  am  induced  to  send  you  a 
few  words  upon  it. 

Since  my  former  communication,  I  believe  a  greater 
certainty  of  manufacture  has  been  attained,  whereby 
the  operator  may  more  safely  rely  upon  uniformity  of 
success. 

I  have  not  only  tried  every  purchasable  collodion, 
but  my  experiments  have  been  innumerable,  especially 
in  respect  to  the  ammoniated  salts,  and  I  may,  I  think, 
safely  affirm  that  all  preparations  containing  ammonia 
ought  to  be  rejected.  Often,  certainly,  great  rapidity 
of  action  is  obtained ;  but  that  collodion  which  acted 
so  well  on  one  day  may,  on  the  following,  become 
comparatively  useless,  from  the  change  which  appears 
so  frequently  to  take  place  in  the  ammoniacai  com- 
pounds. That  blackening  and  fogging,  of  which  so 
much  has  been  said,  I  much  think  is  one  of  the  results 
of  ammonia  ;  but  not  having,  in  my  own  manipula- 
tions, met  with  the  difficulty,  I  have  little  personal 
experience  upon  the  subject. 

The  more  simple  a  collodion  is  the  better  ;  and  the 
following,  from  its  little  varyihg  and  active  qualities,  I 
believe  to  be  equal  to  any  now  in  use. 

A  great  deal  has  also  been  said  upon  the  preparation 
of  the  simple  collodion,  and  that  some  samples,  however 
good  apparently,  never  sensitize  in  a  satisfactory  man- 
ner. I  have  not  experienced  this  difficulty  myself,  or 
any  appreciable  variation. 

The  collodion  made  from  the  Swedish  filtering 
paper,  or  the  papier  Joseph,  is  preferable,  from  the 
much  greater  care  with  which  it  is  used. 


If  slips  of  either  of  these  papers  be  carefully  and 
completely  immersed  for  four  hours  in  a  mixture  of  an 
equal  part  (by  weight)  of  strong  nitric  acid  or  nitrous 
acid  (the  aqua fortis  of  commerce)  and  strong  sulphuric 
acid,  then  perfectly  washed,  so  as  to  get  entirely  rid  of 
the  acids,  the  result  will  be  an  entirely  soluble  mate- 
rial. About  100  grains  of  dry  paper  to  a  pint  (twenty 
ounces)  of  ether  will  form  a  collodion  of  the  desired 
consistence  for  photographic  purposes.  If  too  thick,  it 
may  be  reduced  by  pure  ether  or  alcohol.  However 
carefully  this  soluble  paper  or  the  gun  cotton  is  pre- 
pared, it  is  liable  to  decompose  even  when  kept  with 
care.  I  would  therefore  advise  it  to  be  mixed  with 
the  ether  soon  after  preparation,  as  the  simple  collodion, 
keeps  exceedingly  well.  Excellent  simple  collodion  is 
to  be  procured  now  at  the  reasonable  price  of  eight 
shillings  the  pint,  which  will  to  many  be  more  satis- 
factory than  trusting  to  their  own  operations. 

To  make  the  sensitizing  Fluid.  —  Put  into  a  clean 
stoppered  bottle,  holding  more  than  the  quantity  re- 
quired so  as  to  allow  of  free  shaking,  six  drachms  of 
iodide  of  potassium  and  one  drachm  of  bromide  of 
potassium  ;  wet  them  with  one  drachm  of  distilled 
water  first,  then  pour  into  the  bottle  ten  ounces  of 
spirits  of  wine  (not  alcohol) ;  shake  frequently  until 
dissolved.  After  some  hours,  if  the  solution  has  not 
taken  place,  add  a  few  more  drops  of  water,  the  salts 
being  highly  soluble  in  water,  though  sparingly  so  in 
rectified  spirits ;  but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  add  too 
much,  as  it  prevents  the  subsequent  adhesion  of  the  col- 
lodion film  to  the^  glass. 

A  drachm  and  a  half  to  two  drachms,  according  to 
the  degree  of  intensity  desired,  added  to  the  ounce  of 
the  above  collodion,  which  should  have  remained  a  few 
days  to  settle  before  sensitizing,  I  find  to  act  most  sa- 
tisfactorily;  in  fine  weather  it  is  instantaneous,  being, 
after  a  good  shake,  fit  for  immediate  use.  If  the  sensi- 
tive collodion  soon  assumes  a  reddish  colour,  it  is  im- 
proved by  the  addition  of  one  or  two  drops  of  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  cyanide  of  potassium ;  but  great  care 
must  be  used,  as  this  salt  is  very  active. 

HUGH  W.  DIAMOND. 


t0  dKtnor 

Portrait  of  Aha  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.).—  There  is 
a  fine  portrait  of  the  Duke  of  Alva  in  the  Royal 
Museum  at  Amsterdam,  by  D.  Barendz  (No.  14. 
in  the  Catalogue  of  1848)  ;  and  MR.  WARDEN  will 
find  a  spirited  etching  of  him,  decorated  with  the 
Order  of  the  Golden  Fleece,  in  the  Historia  Bel- 
gica  of  Meteranus  (folio,  1597),  at  p.  63.  The 
latter  portrait  is  very  Quixotic  in  aspect  at  the 
first  glance,  but  the  expression  becomes  more 
Satanic  as  the  eye  rests  on  it.  LANCASTRIENSIS. 

Lord  Mayor  of  London  not  a  Privy  Councillor 
(Vol.  iv.  passim;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  137.).  —L.  HARTLY 
a  little  misstates  Mr.  Serjeant  Merewether's  evi- 
dence. The  learned  serjeant  only  said  that  "  he 
believed"  the  fact  was  so.  But  he  was  un- 
doubtedly mistaken,  probably  from  confounding 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


159 


the  Privy  Council  (at  which  the  Lord  Mayor 
never  appeared)  with  a  meeting  of  other  persons 
(nobility,  gentry,  and  others),  who  assemble  on 
the  same  occasion  in  a  different  room,  and  to 
which  meeting  (altogether  distinct  from  the  Privy 
Council)  the  Lord  Mayor  is  always  summoned,  as 
are  the  sheriffs,  aldermen,  and  a  number  of  other 
notabilities,  not  privy  councillors.  This  matter  is 
conclusively  explained  in  Vol.  iv.,  p.  284. ;  but  if 
more  particular  evidence  be  required,  it  will  be 
found  in  the  London  Gazette  of  the  20th  June, 
1837,  where  the  names  of  the  privy  councillors 
are  given  in  one  list  to  the  number  of  eighty- three, 
and  in  another  list  the  names  of  the  persons  at- 
tending the  meeting  to  the  number  of  above  150, 
amongst  whom  are  the  lord  mayor,  sheriffs,  under- 
sheriffs,  aldermen,  common  Serjeants,  city  solicitor, 
&c.  As  "  N.  &  Q."  has  reproduced  the  mistake, 
it  is  proper  that  it  should  also  reproduce  the  ex- 
planation. C. 

New  Zealander  and  Westminster  Bridge  (Yol.ix., 
p.  74.). — Before  I  saw  the  thought  in  Walpole's 
letter  to  Sir  H.  Mann,  quoted  in  "  N".  &  Q.,"  I 
ventured  to  suppose  that  Mrs.  Barbauld's  noble 
poem,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Eleven,  might  have 
suggested  Mr.  Macaulay's  well-known  passage. 
The  following  extracts  describe  the  wanderings  of 
those  who  — 

"  With  duteous  zeal,  their  pilgrimage  shall  take, 
From  the  blue  mountains  on  Ontario's  lake, 
With  fond  adoring  steps  to  press  the  sod, 
By  statesmen,  sages,  poets,  heroes,  trod." 

"  Pensive  and  thoughtful  shall  the  wanderers  greet 
Each  splendid  square,  and  still  untrodden  street ; 
Or  of  some  crumbling  turret,  mined  by  time, 
The  broken  stairs  with  perilous  step  shall  climb, 
Thence  stretch  their  view  the  wide  horizon  round, 
By  scatter'd  hamlets  trace  its  ancient  bound, 
And  choked  no  more  with  fleets,  fair^Thames  survey, 
Through  reeds  and  sedge  pursue  his  idle  way. 

Oft  shall  the  strangers  turn  their  eager  feet, 
The  rich  remains  of  ancient  art  to  greet, 
The  pictured  walls  with  critic  eye  explore, 
And  Reynolds  be  what  Raphael  was  before. 
On  spoils  from  every  clime  their  eyes  shall  gaze, 
Egyptian  granites  and  the  Etruscan  vase  ; 
And  when,  'midst  fallen  London,  they  survey 
The  stone  where  Alexander's  ashes  lay, 
Shall  own  with  humble  pride  the  lesson  just, 
By  Time's  slow  finger  written  in  the  dust." 

J.  M. 
Cranwells,  near  Bath. 

The  beautiful  conception  of  the  New  Zealander 
at  some  future  period  visiting  England,  and  giving 
a  sketch  of  the  ruins  of  London,  noticed  in  "  N.  & 
Q."  as  having  been  suggested  to  Macaulay  by  a 
passage  in  one  of  Walpole's  letters  to  Sir  H.  Mann, 
will  be  found  more  broadly  expressed  in  Kirke 


White's  Poem  on  Time.  Talking  of  the  triumphs 
of  Oblivion,  he  says  : 

"  Meanwhile  the  Arts,  in  second  infancy, 
Rise  in  some  distant  clime;  and  then,  perchance, 
Some  bold  adventurer,  fill'd  with  golden  dreams, 
Steering  his  bark  through  trackless  solitudes, 
Where,  to  his  wandering  thoughts,  no  daring  prow 
Had  ever  plough'd  before,  —  espies  the  cliffs 
Of  fallen  Albion.      To  the  land  unknown 
He  journeys  joyful ;  and  perhaps  descries 
Some  vestige  of  her  ancient  stateliness  : 
Then  he  with  vain  conjecture  fills  his  mind 
Of  the  unheard-of  race,  which  had  arrived 
At  science  in  that  solitary  nook, 
Far  from  the  civil  world  ;   and  sagely  sighs, 
And  moralises  on  the  state  of  man." 

This  hardly  reads  like  a  borrowed  idea ;  and  I 
should  lean  to  a  belief  that  it  was  not.  Kirke 
White's  Poems  and  Letters  are  but  too  little  read. 

.J.  S. 
Dalston. 

Cui  Bono  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.). — Reference  to  a 
dictionary  would  have  settled  this.  According  to 
Freund,  "Cui  bono  fuit  =  Zu  welcheni  Zwecke, 
or  Wozu  war  es  gut  ?"  That  is,  To  what  purpose  ? 
or,  For  whose  good  ?  CABNATIC. 

The  syntax  of  this  common  phrase,  with  the 
ellipses  supplied,  is,  "  Cui  homini  fuerit  bono  ne- 
gotio?"  To  what  person  will  it  be  an  advantage? 
Literally,  or  more  freely  rendered,  Who  will  be 
the  gainer  by  it  ?  It  was  (see  Ascon.  in  Cicer. 
pro  Milone^  c.  xii.)  the  usual  query  of  Lucius 
Cassius,  the  Roman  judge,  implying  that  the 
person  benefiting  by  any  crime  was  implicated 
therein.  (Consult  Facciolati's  Diet,  in  voce  Bo- 
NUM.)  UK. 

The  correct  rendering  of  this  phrase  is  un- 
doubtedly that  given  by  F.  NEWMAN,  "  For  the  be- 
nefit of  whom  ?"  but  it  is  generally  used  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  make  it  indifferent  whether  that,  or 
the  corrupted  signification  "  For  what  good  ?  "  was 
intended  by  the  writer  making  use  of  it.  The 
latter  is,  however,  the  idea  generally  conveyed  to 
the  mind,  and  in  this  sense  it  is  used  by  the  best 
writers.  Thus,  e.  g. : 

"  The  question  '  cui  bono,'  to  what  practical  end 
and  advantage  do  your  researches  tend  ?  is  one,"  &c.— 
Herschel's  Discourse  on  Nat.  Philosophy,  p.  10. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Barrels  Regiment  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  620. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  63.). — I  am  obliged  to  H.  B.  C.  for  his  atten- 
tion to  my  Query,  though  it  does  not  quite  answer 
my  purpose,  which  was  to  learn  the  circumstances 
which  occasioned  a  print  in  my  possession,  en- 
titled "The  Old  Scourge  returned  to  Barrels." 
It  represents  a  regiment,  the  body  of  each  sol- 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  225, 


(Her  being  in  the  form  of  a  barrel,  drawn  up 
within  view  of  Edinburgh  Castle.  A  soldier  is 
tied  up  to  the  halberts  in  order  to  be  flogged  ; 
the  drummer  intercedes  :  "  Col.,  he  behaved  well 
at  Culloden."  An  officer  also  intercedes  :  "  Pray 
Col.  forgive  him,  he's  a  good  man."  The  Col.'s 
reply  is,  "  Flog  the  villain,  ye  rascal."  Under  the 
print — "And  ten  times  a  day  whip  the  Barrels." 
I  want  to  know  who  this  flogging  Col.  was ;  and 
anything  more  about  him  which  gained  for  him 
the  unenviable  title  of  Old  Scourge.  E.  H. 

Sir  Matthew  Hale  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  77.).— From 
Sir  Matthew  Hale,  who  was  born  at  Alderley,  de- 
scends the  present  family  of  Hale  of  Alderley,  co. 
Gloucestershire.  The  eldest  son  of  the  head  of 
the  family  represents  West  Gloucestershire  in  par- 
liament. The  Estcourts  of  Estcourt,  co.  Glouces- 
tershire, are,  I  believe,  also  connexions  of  the 
family  of  Hale.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

The  descendants  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale  still  live 
at  Alderley,  near  Wotton  Underedge,  in  Glouces- 
tershire. I  believe  a  Mr.  Blagdon  married  the 
heiress  of  Hale,  and  took  her  name.  The  late 
Robert  Blagdon  Hale,  Esq.,  married  Lady  Theo- 
dosia  Bourke,  daughter  of  the  late  Lord  Mayo, 
and  had  two  sons.  Robert,  the  eldest,  and  present 
possessor  of  Alderley,  married  a  Miss  Holford. 
Matthew,  a  clergyman,  also  married  ;  who  appears 
by  the  Clergy  List  to  be  Archdeacon  of  Adelaide, 
South  Australia.  Mr.  John  Hale,  of  Gloucester, 
is  their  uncle,  and  has  a  family. 

JULIA  R.  BOCKETT. 

Southcote  Lodge. 

The  Hales  of  Alderley  in  Gloucestershire  claim 
descent  from  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  born  and  buried 
there.  (See  Atkins,  p.  107. ;  Rudder,  p.  218. ;  and 
Bigland,  p.  30.)  When  Mr.  Hale  of  Alderley  was 
High  Sheriff  of  Gloucestershire  in  1826,  the  judge 
then  on  circuit  made  a  complimentary  allusion  -to 
it  in  court.  The  descent  is  in  the  female  line, 
and  the  name  was  assumed  in  1784. 

LANCASTRIENSIS. 

Scotch  Grievance  (Vol.ix.,  p.  74.). — The  Scot- 
tish coins  of  James  VI.,  Charles  I.,  William, 
have  on  the  reverse  a  shield,  bearing  1.  and  4. 
Scotland ;  2.  France  and  England  quarterly ; 
3.  Irish  harp.  EDW.  HAWKINS. 

V 

Under  this  head  A  DESCENDANT  OF  SCOTTISH 
KINGS  asks :  "  Can  any  coin  be  produced,  from 
the  accession  of  James  VI.  to  the  English  throne, 
on  which  the  royal  arms  are  found,  with  Scotland 
in  the  first  quarter,  and  England  in  the  second?" 

Will  you  kindly  inform  your  querist,  that  in  my 
Collection  I  have  several  such  coins,  viz.  a  shilling 
of  Charles  I. ;  a  mark  of  Charles  IL,  date  1669  ;  a 
forty-shilling  piece  of  William  III.,  date  1697  : 


on  each  Scotland  is  first  and  third.  I  shall  be 
most  happy  to  submit  these  to  your  inspection,  or 
send  them  for  the  satisfaction  of  your  correspon- 
dent. F.  J.  WILLIAMS. 
24.  Mark  Lane. 

"Merciful  Judgments  of  High  Church"  frc. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  97.).  —  The  author  of  this  tract,  ac- 
cording to  the  Bodleian  Catalogue,  was  Matthew 
Tindal.  'ATuews. 

Dublin. 

Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  105.).  —  I  can  refer  A.  S.  to  Camden's  History 
of  Elizabeth,  where,  under  the  year  1588,  it  is  re- 
lated, — 

"  Neither  was  the  publick  joy  anything  abated  by 
Leicester's  death,  who  about  this  time,  namely,  on  the 
4th  day  of  September,  died  of  a  continuall  fever  upon 
the  way  as  he  went  towards  Killingworth." 

I  can  also  refer  him  to  Sir  William  Dugdale's 
Baronage  of  England,  vol.  ii.  p.  222.,  where  I 
find  it  stated  that  he  — 

"  Design'd  to  retire  unto  his  castle  at  Kenilworth. 
But  being  on  his  journey  thitherwards,  at  Cornbury 
Park  in  Com.  Oxon.,  he  died  upon  the  fourth  of  Sep- 
tember, an.  1588,  of  a  feaver,  as  'twas  said,  and  was 
buried  at  Warwick,  where  he  hath  a  noble  monument." 

But  neither  in  the  above  writers,  nor  in  any 
more  recent  account  of  his  life,  have  I  seen  his 
death  ascribed  to  poison.  The  ground  on  which 
Stanfield  Hall  has  been  regarded  as  the  birth- 
place of  Amy  Robsart  is,  that  her  parents  Sir 
John  and  Lady  Elizabeth  Robsart  resided  at 
Stanfield  Hall  in  1546,  according  to  Blomefield  in 
his  History  of  Norfolk,  though  where  he  resided 
at  his  daughter's  birth  does  not  appear.  'A\ievs. 

Dublin. 

Fleet  Prison  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.).  —  A  list  of  the 
wardens  will  be  found  in  Burn's  History  of  Fleet 
Marriages,  2nd  edit.,  1834.  Occasional  notices  of 
the  under  officers  will  also  there  be  met  with,  and 
a  list  of  wardens'  and  jailors'  fees.  S. 

The  Commons  of  Ireland  previous  to  the  Union 
in  1801  (Vol.ix.,  p. 35.).  — Allow  me  to  inform 
C.  H.  D.  that  I  have  in  my  possession  a  copy 
(with  MS.  notes)  of  Sketches  of  Irish  Political 
Characters  of  the  present  Day,  showing  the  Parts 
they  respectively  take  on  the  Question  of  the  Union, 
what  Places  they  hold,  their  Characters  as  Speakers, 
frc.,  8vo.  pp.  312,  London,  1799.  Is  this  the 
book  he  wants  ?  I  know  nothing  of  its  author, 
nor  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Scott.  ABHBA. 

"  Les  Lettres  Juives  "  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  541.).  — The 
author  of  Les  Lettres  Juives  was  Jean  Baptiste  de 
Boyer,  Marquis  d'Argens,  one  of  the  most  prolific 
and  amusing  writers  of  the  eighteenth  century. 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


161 


His  principal  works  are,  Histoire  de  V Esprit  Hu- 
main,  Les  Lettres  Juives,  Lcs  Lettres  Chinoises, 
Les  Lettres  Cabalistiques,  and  his  Philosophic  du 
Ions  Sens.  Perhaps  your  correspondent  may  be 
interested  to  learn  that  a  reply  to  the  Lettres 
Juives  was  published  in  1739,  La  Haye,  three 
vols.  in  twelve,  by  Aubert  de  la  Chenaye  Des- 
Bois,  under  the  title  of  Correspondence  histonque, 
nhilosophique  et  critique,  pour  servir  de  reponse 
aux  Lettres  Juives.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

Sir  PhilipWentworth  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  42. ;  Vol.  viii., 
pp.  104. 184.).  —  In  Wright's  Essex,  vol.  i.  p.  645., 
Sir  Philip  Wentworth  is  said  to  have  married 
Mary,  daughter  of  John,  Lord  Clifford.  I  do  not 
recollect  that  Wright  cites  authority.  I  know  he 
has  more  than  one  error  respecting  the  Gonsles, 
who  are  in  the  same  pedigree.  ANON. 

General  Fraser  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  586.).  —  Simon 
Eraser,  Lieut.-Colonel,  24th  Regiment,  and  Bri- 
gadier-General, was  second  in  command  under 
Burfroyne  when  he  advanced  from  Canada  to  New 
York  with  7000  men  in  1777.  He  fell  at  Still- 
water,  a  short  time  before  the  surrender  of  Bur- 
goyne  at  Saratoga.  He  was  struck  by  a  shot  from 
a  tree,  as  he  was  advancing  at  the  head  of  his 
troops;  and  died  of  his  wound  October  7,  1777. 
He  was  buried,  as  he  had  desired,  in  the  redoubt 
on  the  field,  in  the  front  of  the  American  army 
commanded  by  General  Gales.  During  his  in- 
terment, the  incessant  cannonade  of  the  enemy 
covered  with  dust  the  chaplain  and  the  officers 
who  assisted  in  performing  the  last  duties  to  his 
remains,  they  being  within  view  of  the  greatest 
part  of  both  armies.  An  impression  long  pre- 
vailed among  the  officers  of  Burgoyne's  army,  that 
if  Fraser  had  lived,  the  issue  of  the  campaign,  and 
of  the  whole  war,  would  have  been  very  different 
from  what  it  was.  Burgoyne  is  said  to  have  shed 
tears  at  his  death.  General  Eraser's  regiment  had 
been  employed  under  Wolfe  in  ascending  the 
Heights  of  Abraham,  Sept.  12,  1759  ;  where,  both 
before  and  after  the  fall  of  Wolfe,  the  Highlanders 
rendered  very  efficient  service.  His  regiment  was 
also  engaged  with  three  others  under  Murray  at 
the  battle  of  Quebec  in  1760.  Some  incidental 
mention  of  General  Fraser  will  be  found  in  Can- 
non's History  of  the  Slat  Regiment,  published  by 
Furnivall,  30.  Whitehall ;  but  I  am  not  aware  of 
any  memoirs  or  life  of  him  having  been  published. 

J.  C.  B. 

Namby-Pamby  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  318.  390.). — 
Henry  Carey,  the  author  of  Chrononhotonthologos, 
and  of  Ths  Dragoness  of  Wantley,  wrote  also  a 
work  called  Namby-Pamby,  in  burlesque  of  Am* 
brose  Phillips's  style  of  poetry  ;  and  the  title  of  it 
was  probably  intended  to  trifle  with  that  poet's 
name.  Mr.  Macaulay,  in  his  Essay  on  Addison  and 


his  Writings,  speaks  of  Ambrose  Phillips,  who  was 
a  great  adulator  of  Addison,  as  — 

"  A  middling  poet,  whose  verses  introduced  a  spe- 
cies of  composition  which  has  been  called  after  his 
name,  Namby-Pamby." 

D.  W.  S. 

The  Word  "Miser"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  12.).  — Cf.  the 
use  of  the  word  miserable  in  the  sense  of  miserly, 
mentioned  amongst  other  Devonianisms  at  Vol.  vii., 
p.  544.  And  see  Trench's  remarks  on  this  word 
(Study  of  Words,  p.  38.  of  2nd  edit.).  H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 

The  Forlorn  Hope  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  569.),  i.  c.  the 
advanced  guard.  —  This  explains  what  has  al- 
ways been  to  me  a  puzzling  expression  in  Gur- 
nali's  Christian  in  Complete  Armour  (p.  8.  of 
Tegg's  8vo.  edit.,  1845)  : 

"  The  fearful  are  in  the  forlorn  of  those  that  inarch 
for  hell." 

See  Rev.  xxi.  8.,  where  "  the  fearful  and  unbe- 
lieving" stand  at  the  head  of  the  list  of  those  who 
"  shall  have  their  part  in  the  lake  which  burneth 
with  fire  and  brimstone."  H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 

The  true  origin  and  meaning  of  forlorn  hope 
has  no  doubt  been  fully  explained  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  569.  Richardson's  Dictionary  does 
not  countenance  this  view,  but  his  example  proves 
it  conclusively.  He  only  gives  one  quotation, 
from  North's  Plutarch;  and  as  it  stands  in  the 
dictionary,  it  is  not  easy  to  comprehend  the  pas- 
sage entirely.  On  comparing  it,  however,  with 
the  corresponding  passage  in  Langhorne  (Valpy's 
edition,  vol.  iii.  p.  97.),  and  again  with  Pompei's 
Italian  version  (vol.  iii.  p.  49.),  I  have  no  doubt 
that,  by  the  term  forlorn  hope,  North  implied 
merely  an  advanced  party  ;  for  as  he  is  describing 
a  pitched  battle  and  not  a  siege,  a  modern  forlorn 
hope  would  be  strangely  out  of  place. 

Is  enfans  perdus  the  idiomatic  French  equiva- 
lent, or  is  it  only  dictionary-French  ?  And  what 
is  the  German  or  the  Italian  expression  ? 

R.  GARY  BARNARD. 

Malta. 

Thornton  Abbey  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  469.).  — In  the 
Arch  geological  Journal,  vol.  ii.  p.  357.,  may  be 
found  not  only  an  historical  and  architectural 
account  of  this  building,  but  several  views  ;  with 
architectural  details  of  mouldings,  &c.  H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 

"  Quid  fades"  Sfc.  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  539. ;  Vol.  ix., 

5.18.).  —  In  a  curious  work  written  by  the  Rev. 
ohn  Warner,  D.D.,  called  Metronariston,  these 
lines  (as  printed  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  18.)  are  quoted, 
and  stated  to  be  — 

"  A  punning  Epigram  on  Scylla  as  a  type  of  Lust, 
cited  by  Barnes." 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


I  have  not  the  Metronariston  with  me,  and  there- 
fore cannot  refer  to  the  page.  D.  W.  S. 

Christ- Cross-Row  (Vol.  iii.,  pp.  330.  465.; 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  18.).  —  Quarles  (Embl.  ii.  12.)  gives 
a  passage  from  St.  Augustine  commencing,  — 
"Christ's  cross  is  the  Christ-cross  of  all  our  hap- 
piness," but  he  gives  no  exact  reference. 
Wordsworth  speaks  of 

«  A  look  or  motion  of  intelligence 
From  infant  conning  of  the  Christ -cross-row." 
Excurs.  viii.  p.  305. 

These  lines  suggest  the  Query,  Is  this  term  for 
the  alphabet  still  in  use  ?  and,  if  so,  in  what  parts 
of  the  country  ?  EIRIONNACH. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  his  Quotations  from  himself 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  72.).  —  I  beg  to  submit  to  you  the 
following  characteristic  similarity  of  expression, 
occurring  in  one  of  the  poems  and  one  of  the 
novels  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.  I  am  not  aware 
whether  attention  has  been  drawn  to  it  in  the 
letters  of  Mr.  Adolphus  and  Mr.  Heber,  as  I  have 
not  the  work  at  hand  to  consult : 

"  His  grasp,  as  hard  as  glove  of  mail, 
Forced  the  red  blood-drop  from  the  nail." 

Rokeby,  Canto  i.  Stan.  1 5. 

"  He  wrung  the  Earl's  hand  with  such  frantic 
earnestness,  that  his  grasp  forced  the  blood  to  start 
under  the  nail."  —  Legend  of  Montrose. 

K  L.  T. 

Nightingale  and  Thorn  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  527.). — 
Add  Young's  Night  Thoughts,  Night  First,  vers. 
440—445.  : 

"  Grief's  sharpest  thorn  hard  pressing  on  my  breast, 
I  strive  with  wakeful  melody  to  cheer 
The  sullen  gloom,  sweet  Philomel !  like  thee, 
And  call  the  stars  to  listen  —  every  star 
Is  deaf  to  mine,  enamour'd  of  thy  lay." 

H.  T.  G. 

Hull. 

Female  Parish  Clerks  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  474.). — 
Within  the  last  half-century,  a  Mrs.  Sheldon  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  this  post  at  the  parish  church 
of  Wheatley,  five  miles  from  Oxford,  and  near 
,  Cuddesdon,  the  residence  of  the  Bishop  of  Oxford. 
This  clerkship  was  previously  filled  by  her  hus- 
band;  but,  upon  his  demise,  she  became  his 
successor.  It  is  not  a  week  since  that  I  saw  a 
relation  who  was  an  eye-witness  of  this  fact. 

PERCY  M.  HART. 
Stockwell. 

Hour-glass  Stand  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  64.).  —  There  is 
an  hour-glass  stand  of  very  quaintly  wrought 
iron,  painted  in  various  colours,  attached  to  the 
pulpit  at  Binfield,  Berks.  J.  R.  M.,  M.  A. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  Rev.  Edward  Trollope,  F.S.A.,  wisely  con- 
ceiving  that  an  illustrated  work,  comprising  specimens 
of  the  arms,  armour,  jewellery,  furniture,  vases,  &c., 
discovered  at  Pompeii  and  Herculaneum,  might  be 
acceptable  to  those  numerous  readers  to  whom  the 
magnificent  volumes,  published  by  the  Neapolitan 
government,  are  inaccessible,  has  just  issued  a  quarto 
volume  under  the  title  of  Illustrations  of  Ancient  Art, 
selected  from  Objects  discovered  at  Pompeii  and  Hercu- 
laneum. The  various  materials  which  he  has  selected 
from  the  Museo  Borbonico,  and  other  works,  and  a  large 
number  of  his  own  sketches,  have  been  carefully  clas- 
sified ;  and  we  think  few  will  turn  from  an  examin- 
ation of  the  forty-five  plates  of  Mr.  Trollope's  admir- 
able outlines,  without  admiring  the  good  taste  with 
which  the  various  subjects  have  been  selected,  and 
acknowledging  the  light  which  they  throw  upon  the 
social  condition,  the  manners,  customs,  and  domestic 
life,  of  the  Roman  people. 

As  the  great  Duke  of  Marlborough  confessed  that 
he  acquired  his  knowledge  of  his  country's  annals  in 
the  historical  plays  of  Shakspeare,  so  we  believe  there 
are  many  who  find  it  convenient  and  agreeable  to 
study  them  in  Miss  Strickland's  Lives  of  the  Queens 
of  England.  To  all  such  it  will  be  welcome  news  that 
the  first  and  second  volumes  of  a  new  and  cheaper 
edition,  and  which  comprise  the  lives  of  all  our  female 
sovereigns,  from  ^Matilda  of  Flanders  to  the  unfor- 
tunate Anne  Boleyn,  are  now  ready  ;  and  will  be 
followed  month  by  month  by  the  remaining  six.  At 
the  close  of  the  work,  we  may  take  an  opportunity  of 
examining  the  causes  of  the  great  popularity  which  it 
has  attained. 

Mr.  M.  A.  Lower  has  just  published  a  small  volume 
of  antiquarian  gossip,  under  the  title  of  Contributions 
to  Literature,  Historical,  Antiquarian,  and  Metrical,  in 
which  he  discourses  pleasantly  on  Local  Nomenclature, 
the  Battle  of  Hastings,  the  Iron  Works  of  the  South- 
East  of  England,  the  South  Downs,  Genealogy,  and 
many  kindred  subjects;  and  tries  his  hand,  by  no 
means  unsuccessfully,  at  some  metrical  versions  of  old 
Sussex  legends.  Several  of  the  papers  have  already 
appeared  in  print,  but  they  serve  to  make  up  a  volume 
which  will  give  the  lover  of  popular  antiquities  an 
evening's  pleasant  reading. 

We  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to  the 
opportunity  which  will  be  afforded  them  on  Wed- 
nesday next  of  hearing  Mr.  Layard  lecture  on  his 
recent  Discoveries  at  Nineveh.  As  they  will  see  by  the 
advertisement  in  our  present  Number^  Mr.  Layard  has 
undertaken  to  do  so  for  the  purpose  of  contributing  to 
the  schools  and  other  parochial  charities  of  the  poor 
but  densely  populated  district  of  St.  Thomas,  Stepney. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Mantell's  Geological  Excursions 
round  the  Isle  of  Wight,  §r.  This  reprint  of  one  of  the 
many  valuable  contributions  to  geological  knowledge 
M$r  the  late  lamented  Dr.  Mantell,  forms  the  new  vo- 
lume of  Bohn's  Scientific  Library.  —  Retrospective  Re- 
view, No.  VI.,  containing  interesting  articles  on  Dray- 
ton,  Lambarde,  Penn,  Leland,  and  other  writers  of 
note  in  English  literature.  —  Dr.  Lardner's  Museum  of 


FEB.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


163 


Science  and  Art,  besides  a  farther  portion  of  the  in- 
quiry, "  The  Planets,  are  they  inhabited  Worlds  ? " 
contains  essays  on  latitudes  and  longitudes,  lunar  in- 
fluences, and  meteoric  stones  and  shooting  stars.  — 
Gibbon's  Rome,  with  Variorum  Notes,  Vol.  II.  In  a 
notice  prefixed  to  the  present  volume,  which  is  one  of 
Mr.  Bonn's  series  of  British  Classics,  the  publisher, 
after  describing  the  advantages  of  the  present  edition 
as  to  print,  paper,  editing,  &c.,  observes  :  "The  pub- 
lisher of  the  unmutilated  edition  of  Humboldt's 
Cosmos  hopes  he  has  placed  himself  beyond  the  sus- 
picion of  mutilating  Gibbon." 


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ta 

J.  B.  WHITBORNE.  Where  shall  we  address  a  letter  to  this 
Correspondent  f 

OXFORD  JEU  D'ESPRIT.  We  hope  next  week  to  lay  before  our 
Oxford  friends  a  reprint  of  a  clever  jeu  d'esprit,  which  amused 
the  University  some  five- and- thirty  years  since. 

B.  H.  C.     Will  this  Correspondent,  who  states  (p.  136.)  that  he 
has  found  the  termination  -by  in  Sussex,  be  good  enough  to  state 
the  place  to  which  he  refers  f 

C.  C.     The  ballad  of  "  Fair  Rosamond  "  is  printed  in  Percy's 
Reliques,  in  the  Pictorial  Book  of  British  Ballads,  and  many  • 
other  places  ;  but  the  lines  quoted  by  our  Correspondent  — 

"  With  that  she  dash'd  her  on  the  mouth, 

And  dyed  a  double  wound  "  — 
do  not  occur  in  it. 

T.  <$.  Biographical  notices  of  the  author  of  Drunken  Barnaby 
will  be  found  in  Chalmers'1  and  Rose's  Dictionaries.  The  best 
account  of  Richard  Brathwait  is  that  by  Joseph  Haslewood,  pre- 
fixed to  his  edition  of  Barnabffi  Itinerarium.— Gurnatt  has  been 
noticed  in  our  Sixth  Volume,  pp.  414.  544. 

W.  FRASER.  Bishop  Atterbury's  portrait,  drawn  by  Kneller, 
and  engraved  by  Vertue,  is  prefixed  to  vol.  i.  of  the  Bishop's  Ser- 
mons and  Discourses,  edit.  1735.  The  portrait  is  an  oval  medal- 
lion ;  face  round,  nose  prominent,  with  large  eye-brows,  double 
chin,  and  a  high  expansive  forehead,  features  regular  and  pleasant, 
and  indicative  of  intellect.  He  is  drawn  in  his  episcopal  habit, 
with  a  full-dress  curled  wig  ,•  beneath  are  his  arms,  surmounted 
by  the  mitre. 

I.  R.  R.  The  song  "  0  the  golden  days  of  good  Queen  Bess  !  " 
will  be  found  in  The  British  Orpheus,  a  Selection  of  Songs  and 
Airs,  p.  274.,  with  the  music. 

TRENCH  ON  PROVERBS.  We  cannot  possibly  find  space  for  any 
farther  discussion  of  the  translation  o/Ps.  cxxvii.  2. 

BLOMEFIELD'S  NORFOLK —  Gentlemen  who  possess  a  copy  of  this 
work  will  be  kind  enough  to  write  to  John  Nurse  Chadwick, 
Solicitor,  King's  Lynn,  Norfolk,  stating  the  fad,  with  their  names 
and  addresses,  by  letter,  post  paid. 

PROFESSOR  HUNT'S  Letter  shall  appear  next  week.  We  can 
well  understand  how  a  gentleman,  who  labours  so  assiduously  in 
his  scientific  investigations,  can  have  little  time  and  feel  little  anxi- 
ety to  produce  merely  pretty  pictures.  We  are  glad  that  the  question 
was  asked  (we  are  sure  only  in  a  friendly  spirit);  and  our  photo- 
graphic readers  will  be  as  glad  to  hear  that  an  enlarged  edition  of 
Professor  Hunt's  Researches  on  Light  may  soon  be  expected. 

C.  E.  F.,  FOUR  PHOTOGRAPHIC  READERS,  and  other  Corre- 
spondents, shall  receive  due  attention  next  week. 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
price  10s.  Gd.,  cloth,  boards.  A  few  sets  of  the  whole  Eight  Vo- 
lumes are  being  made  up,  price  41. 4s — For  these  early  application 
is  desirable. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  225. 


IMPERIAL      LIFE      INSUR- 
ANCE COMPANY. 
1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 
WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman. 


The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  530Z.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  50Z.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  term  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —Those  who  effect  Insurances 
•with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750.000/.,  of  which  nearly 
140,000?.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 

On  the  31st  October,  185?,  the  sums 
Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to £2,500,000 

The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -         800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 
same  source,  to     -  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 


PIANOFORTES,  25  Guineas 
each.-D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Hoyal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
M  AINE  &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  Boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Wew- 
itt,  J.  Brizxi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse", 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
.  Parry,  H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbftult,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel.  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUS- 
TRATED CATALOGUE  OF  BED- 
STEADS, sent  free  by  post.  It  contains  de- 
signs and  prices  of  upwards  of  ONE  HUN- 
DRED different  Bedsteads,  in  iron,  brass, 
japanned  wood,  polished  birch,  mahogany, 
rosewood,  and  walnut-tree  woods ;  also  of 
every  description  of  Bedding,  Blankets,  and 
Quilts. 

HEAL  &  SON,  Bedstead  and  Beddine  Manu- 
facturers, 196.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON.  ' 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


H.E.Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 

W.  Whateley,  Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.  5 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Banters.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100/.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits  :  — 
Age  £  s.  d.  j  Age  £  s.  d. 

17  -        -        -  1  14    4  |    32-        -        -  2  10    8 


22  -        -        -  1  18    8       37  -        -        -  2  18    6 
-  2    4    5  I 


27- 


42  - 


-382 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6</.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAMERAS. 

1  —  OTTEWILL  &  MORGAN'S  Manu- 
factory, 24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace,  Caledonian 
Road.  Islington.  OTTE  WILL'S  Registered 
Double  Body  Folding  Camera,  adapted  for 
Landscapes  or  Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A. 
ROSS,  Featherstone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the 
Photographic  Institution,  Bond  Street  :  and 
at  the  Manufactory  as  above,  where  every  de- 
scription of  Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may 
be  had.  The  Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

I  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


nALOTYPE  PAPER  prepared 

\  J  by  Dr.  Diamond's  Process,  4s.  per  Quire. 
Albumenise'l  ditto,  4s.  ditto.  Canson's  Nega- 
tive Paper  for  Mons.  Le  Gray's  Process  :  — 
Waxed,  6s.  per  Quire  ;  Iodized, 8s.  ditto  ;  Sen- 
sitive, available  for  Three  Weeks,  13s.,  size  17J 
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sent  between  Boards  on  Receipt  of  Carriage 
(Ten  Stamps). 

Sold  by  LUKE  SAMS,  7.  Delphi  Chambers, 
facing  the  Society  of  Arts  ;  and  retailed  by 
J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  289.  Strand,  London. 


Fcap.  8vo.,  5s.,  cloth. 

THOMAS  a  BECKET,  and  other 
Poems,  by  PATRICK  SCOTT. 

"Mr.  Scott  is  a  true  poet."  —  Fates  an  I 
Queries. 

"  He  knows  well  where  lie  the  springs  of  the 
lughest  poetic  inspiration."  _  Critic. 

"  A  volume  of  great  ability."  —  Guardian. 
LONGMAN  &  CO. 


YTTESTMINSTER  HOSPITAL, 

f  T  Broad  Sanctuary,  opposite  Westminster 
Abbey.  — This  Hospital  was  instituted  in  the 
year  1719,  and  is  the  oldest  hospital  in  England 
supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  The 
high  prices  of  provisions  and  coals  have  mate- 
rially increased  the  current  expenditure,  and  a 
sum  of  not  less  than  800Z.  is  required  to  meet 
the  payment  of  the  tradesmen's  bills  to  Christ- 


mas last.  16,000  persons  are  relieved  annually, 
and  'he  doors  of  the  Hospital  are  open  night 
and  day  for  the  reception  of  cases  of  accident 


and  urgent  disease.  The  Committee  earnestly 
entreat  the  aid  of  the  benevolent  at  the  present 
time. 

Donations  and  subscriptions  will  be  thank- 
fully received  by  MESSRS.  BOUVERIE  & 
CO.,  11.  Haymarket;  MESSRS.  IIOARE  & 
CO.,  Fleet  Street ;  by  the  HON.  P.  PLEY- 
DELL  BOUVERIE,  and  P.  R.  IIOARE, 
ESQ.,  the  joint  Treasurers  ;  or  by  the  Secre- 
tary at  the  Hospital. 

F.  G.  WILSON,  Secretary. 


WH.     HART,     RECORD 
•     AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in, 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 
1.  ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS. 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
Other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

SITIVF,  PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
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CONTENTS. 

.NOTES  :  —                                                      Page 
Lesends   and   Superstitions  respecting 
Bees 167 

Oxford  Jeu  d'Esprit          -          -          ,«•    168 
Ansareys  in  Mount  Lebanon      -          -    169 
Primers  of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, by  the  Rev.  T.  Lathbury-          -    170 
MINOR    NOTES  :  —  Objective    and    Sub- 
jective —  Lucy  Walters,  the  Duke  of 
Monmouth's  Mother  —  General  Hay- 
nau's    Corpse  —  "  Isolated  "  _  Office 
of  Sexton  held  by  One  Family  —  Sen- 
tentious Despatches  —  Reprints  sug- 
gested         170 

•QUERIES  :  — 

Pictures  from  Lord  Vane's  Collection  -    171 
Burial-place  of  Thurstan,  Archbishop 
of  York,  by  George  Fox  -          -    172 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Admiral  Hopson 
—  "Three  cats  sat,"  &c.  —  Herbert's 
••'Church  Porch"— Ancient  Tenure 
of  Lands — Dramatic  Works— Devreux 
Bowly  —  "  Corruptio  optimi,"  &c.— 
Lamenther  — Sheriff  of  Somersetshire 
in  1765—  Edward  Brerewood—  Eliza- 
beth Seymour  —  Longfellow — Fresick 
and  Freswick  —  Has  Execution  by 
Hanging  been  survived  ?  —  Maps  of 
.Dublin  _  "  The  Lounger's  Common- 
place Book  "  _  Mount  Mill,  and  the 
Fortifications  of  London  —  "  Forms  of 
Public  Meetings "  -  -  -  172 

JMiNOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Ring  _ 
Lives  of  English  Bishops  :  Bishop 

Burnet — Eden  Pedigree  and  Arms 

The  Gentleman's  Calling  —  Obi  and 
Sols  —  Fystens  or  Fifteenths  -          -    175 


Hardman's  Account  of  Waterloo          -    176 

Dates  of  Births  and  Deaths  of  the  Pre- 
tenders -  177 

"Could  we  with  ink,"  &c.,  by  J.  W. 
Thomas  -  -  -  -  -  179 

Mackey's  Theory  of  the  Earth,  by  J. 
Dawson,  &c.  -  179 

Do  Conjunctions  join  Propositions  only  ? 
by  G.Boole  -  -  -  -  180 

Robert  Bloet,  by  Edward  Foss    -          -    181 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  : A 

Hint  to  the  Photographic  Society  — 
Test  for  Nitrate  of  Silver  —  Professor 
Hunt's  Photographic  Studies— Waxed- 
paper  Pictures  — The  Double  Iodide 
Solution  — Dr.  Mansell's  Process  -  181 

.&EPLIES  TO  MINOR  QDKRIES  : —Buona- 
parte's Abdication —  Burton  Family 
—  Drainage  by  Machinery  —  Natto- 
chiii  and  Calchanti  —  "  One  while  I 
think,"  &c.— "  Spires  'whose  silent 
finger  points  to  heaven  '  "—Dr.  Elea- 
zar  Duncon  —  "  Marriage  is  such  a 
rabble  rout"  —  Cambridge  Mathe- 
matical Questions -Reversible  Mas- 
«uhne  Names —The  Man  in  the 
Moon  —  Arms  of  Richard,  King  of  the 
R<  mans  _  Brothers  with  the  same 
Christian  Name  _  Arch-priest  in  the 
Diocese  of  Exeter,  &c.  -  -  -  183 
MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted       -    187 
Notices  to  Correspondents       -  .    187 

VOL.  IX — No.  226. 


TNSTRUCTION   IN    ART, 

|_  General  and  Special,  as  afforded  at  the 
SCHOOLS  of  the  DEPARTMENT  of 
SCIENCE  and  ART,  at  MARLBORO  UGH 
HOUSE,  Pall  Mall,  London.  The  School 
consists  of 

I.  A  NORMAL  SCHOOL  for  TRAINING 

TEACHERS. 

II.  SPECIAL  CLASSES  for  TECHNICAL 
INSTRUCTION. 

Art  Superintendent  :  — 
BICHARD  REDGRAVE,  R.A. 

The  SPRING  SESSION  will  COMMENCE 
on  1st  of  MARCH,  and  end  31st  of  July  ;  and 
the  Fees  are  for  that  period. 

1.  The  Courses  of  Instruction  are  intended 
to  impart  systematically  a  knowledge  of  the 
scientific  principles  of  Art,  especially  in   its 
relation   to   the   useful   purposes   of  life.    A 
limited  application  of  those  principles  is  de- 
monstrated with  the  view  of  preparing  Students 
to  enter  upon  the  future  practice  of  the  Deco- 
rative Arts  in  Manufactories  and  Workshops, 
either  as  Masters,  Overseers,  or  skilled  work- 
men. At  the  same  time,  instruction  is  afforded 
to  all  who  may  desire  to  pursue  these  studies 
without  reference   to  a  preparation  for   any 
special  Branch  of  Industry.    Special  Courses 
are  arranged  in  order  to  train  persons  to  be- 
come Masters  of  Schools  of  Art,  and  to  enable 
Schoolmasters  of  Parochial  and  other  Schools 
to  teach  Elementary  Drawing  a*  a  part  of 
general  Education  concurrently  with  Writing. 

2.  The  Lectures  and  Courses  of  Instruction 
are  as  follows  :  — 

GENERAL  COURSE  FOR  MALE  STU- 
DENTS ONLY. 

A.  Free-hand,  Model,  and  Elementary  Mecha- 

nical Drawing,  Practical  Geometry  and 
Perspective,  Painting  in  Oil,  Tempera, 
and  Water  Colours.  Modelling.  The 
Classes  for  Drawing,  Painting,  and  Mo- 
delling, include  the  Figure  from  the  An- 
tique and  the  Life  ;  and  Artistic  Ana- 
tomy. Lectures,  Teaching  and  Practice, 
in  the  Morning  and  Evening.  Fee  4Z. 
the  Session.—  Head  Master,  Mr.  Burchet  ; 
Assistants,  Messrs.  Herman,  Walsh, 
Denby,  Wills,  and  Hancock. 

B.  The  Evening  Instruction  is  limited  to  ad- 

vanced Drawing,  Painting,  and  Model- 
ling, including  the  Figure.  Fee  21. 

TECHNICAL  COURSES. 

C.  Practical  Construction,  including  Architec- 

ture, Building,  and  the  various  processes 
of  Plastic  Decoration,  Furniture,  and 
Metal  Working.  Lectures,  Teaching  and 
Practice,  Morning  and  Evening.  Fee  41, 
Evening  Course  only,  Fee  21.  for  Male 
Studeats  only.  Superintendent,  Profes- 
sor Semper. 

D.  Mechanical  and  Machine  Drawing,  Class 

Lectures  witk  Evening  Teaching  and 
Morning  Practice.  For  Male  Students 


on 
Bi 


nly.    Fee  2?.    Superintendent,  Mr.  W. 
inns. 

E.  Surface  Decoration,  as  applied  to  Woven 

Fabrics  of  all  kinds.  Lace,  Paper  Hang- 
ings, &c.  Lectures,  Teaching  and  Prac- 
tice, Morning  and  Evening.  Fee  tl.  An 
Afternoon  Cttfes  for  Females  only,  Fee 
21.  An  Evening  Class  for  Male  Stu- 
dents only,  Fee  2?.  Superintendent,  Mr. 
Octavius  Hudson. 

F.  Poicdain   Painting,  daily  Teaching  and 

Practice  for  Male  and  Fe-rale  Students, 
fee  4«.  Superintendents,  Mr.  Simpson 
and  Mr.  Hudson. 


G.  Wood  Engraving.  Lectures,  daily  Teach- 
ing and  Practice  for  Female  Students 
only,  Fee  4Z.  Superintendents,  Mr. 
Thompson  and  Miss  Waterhouse. 

H.  Lithography,  Chalk,  Pen,  and  Colour. 
Daily  Teaching  and  Practice  for  Female 
Students  only,  Fee  47.  Superintendents, 
Mr.  Brookes  and  Miss  Channon. 

PUBLIC  LECTURES 

On  the  Forms  and  Colours  of  the  Animal  and 
Vegetable  Kingdoms,  by  Professor  E.  Forbes  ; 
on  the  Human  Form,  by  Mr.  J.  Marshall, 
F.R.C.S.  ;  on  the  History  of  Ornamental 
Art,  by  Mr.  Womum,  &c.  Admission  to  each 
Lecture,  6d. 

3.  The  Instruction  for  the  general  Students 
is  carried  on  daily,  except  on  Saturdays. 

4.  Students  may  matriculate  for  a  period  of 
three  years  upon  paying  20Z.  in  one  sum  on  en- 
trance, or  three  annual  payments  of  \0l.    They 
are  entitled  to  attend  all  the  Public  and  Clasa 
Lectures,  the  general  and  technical  Courses,  to 
receive  personal  instruction,  and  to  practice  in 
the  School  at  all  times  ;  they  have  also  access 
to  the  Museum  and  Library.    At  the  end  of  the 
Session  they  may  pass  an  Examination,  and 
have  the  privilege  of  competing  for  Scholar- 
ships, varying  from  107.  to  307.  a  year  in  value. 

5.  Occasional  Students  are  at  liberty  to  at- 
tend only  the  particular  Courses  for  which  they 
enter,  and  have  admission  to  the  Museum,  Li- 
brary, and  Public  Lectures. 

6.  A    CLASS    FOR     SCHOOLMASTERS 
AND  PUPIL  TEACHERS  will  meet  every 
Wednesday  and  Friday,  Tuesday  and  Thurs- 
day Evenings,  and  on  Saturdays.      Fee,  5*. 
Superintendent  of  the  Training  teaching,  and 
Elementary  Instruction,  Mr.  Burchet ;    As- 
sistant, Mr.  Bowler. 

Also  at  Gore  House,  Kensington,  on  Monday 
and  Thursday. 

7.  A  Register  of  the  Students'  attendances  is 
kept,  and  may  be  consulted  by  Parents  and 
Guardians. 

8.  The   SCHOOL    FOR    THE    FEMALE 
STUDENTS   passing   through    the    General 
Course,  is  at  37.  Gower  Street.    Superintendent, 
Mrs.  M'lan ;  Assistants,  Miss  Ganu  and  Miss 
West. 

Fees  :  —  Advanced  Classes,  SZ.  and  4Z. ;  Ele- 
mentary Class,  20s.  i  Evening  Class,  10». 

A  Class  also  meets  at  Gore  House,  Kensing- 
ton, Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays. 

9.  DISTRICT  SCHOOLS  OF  ART,  in  con- 
nexion with  the  Department,  are  now  esta- 
blished in  the  following  places.    Open  every 
Evening  (except  Saturday)  from  7  to  9'30.    En- 
trance  Fee,    2«.    Admission,   2s.   and  3s.  per 
month.    The  instruction  comprise*  Practical 
Geometry  and  Perspective,  Free-hand  and  Me- 
chanical Drawing,  and  i-lementary  Colour  :  — 

1.  Spitalfields,  Crispin  Street. 

2.  North  London,    High    Street,    Camden 
Town. 

3.  Finsbury,   William   Street,  Wilmington 
Square. 

4.  Westminster,  Mechanics'  Institute,  Great 
Smith  Street. 

5.  St.  Thomas,  Charterhouse,  Goswell  Street. 

6.  Rotherhithe,  Grammar  School. 

7.  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  Long  Acre. 

At  1.  and  2.  Schools  there  are  Female  Classes. 
Application  for  admission  to  be  made  at  the 
Offices  in  each  locality. 

For  farther  information,  apply  at  Marlbo- 
rough  House,  Pall  Mall. 

LYON  PL  A  YF  AIR,}  Secretaries. 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  226. 


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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


167 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  25,  1854. 


LEGENDS    AND    SUPERSTITIONS    RESPECTING    BEES 

The  Vicar  of  Morwenstow,  among  the  beautiful  j 
poems  to  be  found  in  his  Echoes  from  Old  Corn-  j 
wall,  has  one  entitled  "A  Legend  of  the  Hive  :"  it  j 
commences  — 

"  Behold  those  winged  images  ! 

Bound  for  their  evening  bowers  ; 
They  are  the  nation  of  the  bees, 

Born  from  the  breath  of  flowers  : 
Strange  people  are  they ;   a  mystic  race 
In  life,  and  food,  and  dwelling-place  !" 

As  another  poet  has  sung  : 

"  His  quidam  signis,  atque  haec  exempla  secuti, 
Esse  Apibus  partem  Divines  mentis  et  haustus 
JEtherios  dixere." 

Mr.  Hawker's  Legend  is  to  this  effect :  A  Cornish 
woman,  one  summer,  finding  her  bees  refused  to 
leave  their  "  cloistered  home,"  and  "  ceased  to 
play  around  the  cottage  flowers,"  concealed  a 
portion  of  the  Holy  Eucharist  which  she  obtained 
at  church : 

"  She  bore  it  to  her  distant  home, 

She  laid  it  by  the  hive 
To  lure  the  wanderers  forth  to  roam, 
That  so  her  store  might  thrive  ;  — 
'Twas  a  wild  wish,  a  thought  unblest, 
Some  evil  legend  of  the  West. 
"  But  lo  !  at  morning-tide  a  sign, 
For  wondering  eyes  to  trace, 
They  found  above  that  Bread,  a  shrine 

Rear'd  by  the  harmless  race ! 
They  brought  their  walls  from  bud  and  flower, 
They  built  bright  roof  and  beamy  tower ! 
"  Was  it  a  dream  ?  or  did  they  hear 

Float  from  those  golden  cells 
A  sound,  as  of  some  psaltery  near, 

Or  soft  and  silvery  bells  ? 
A  low  sweet  psalm,  that  griev'd  within 
In  mournful  memory  of  the  sin  !" 

The  following  passage  from  Howell's  Parley  of 
Beasts,  Lond.  1660,  furnishes  a  similar  legend  of 
the  piety  of  bees.  Bee  speaks  : 

"  Know,  Sir,  that  we  have  also  a  religion  as  well  as 
so  exact  a  government  among  us  here ;  our  hummings 
you  speak  of  are  as  so  many  hymns  to  the  Great  God 
of  Nature  ;  and  ther  is  a  miraculous  example  in  Ccesa- 
rius  Cisterniensis,  how  som  of  the  Holy  Eucharist 
being  let  fall  in  a  medow  by  a  priest,  as  he  was  re- 
turning from  visiting  a  sick  body,  a  swarm  of  bees 
being  hard  by  took  It  up,  and  in  a  solemn  kind  of 
procession  carried  It  to  their  hive,  and  there  erected 
an  altar  of  the  purest  wax  for  It,  where  It  was  found 
in  that  form,  and  untouched." — P.  144. 

It  is  remarkable  that,  in  the  Septuagint  version 
of  Prov.  vi.  8.,  the  bee  is  introduced  after  the  ant, 


and  reference  is  made  to  r?V  epyavlav  us 
in»e?rcu  :  epyas.  ffefji.  St.  Ambrose  translates  it  ope- 
rationem  venerabilem ;  St.  Jerome,  opus  castum ; 
Castalio,  augustum  opus ;  Bochart  prefers  opus 
pretiosum,  aut  mirabile.* 

Pliny  has  much  to  say  about  bees.  I  shall  give 
an  extract  or  two  in  the  Old  English  of  Philemon 
Holland : 

"  Bees  naturally  are  many  times  sick  ;  and  that  do 
they  shew  most,  evidently:  a  man  shall  see  it  in  them 
by  their  heavie  looks  and  by  their  unlustines  to  their 
businesse  :  ye  shall  marke  how  some  will  bring  forth 
others  that  be  sickeand  diseased  into  thewarme  sunne, 
and  be  readie  to  minister  unto  them  and  give  them 
meat.  Nay,  ye  shall  have  them  to  carie  forth  their 
dead,  and  to  accompanie  the  corps  full  decently,  as  in  a 
solemne  funerall.  If  it  chaunce  that  the  king  be  dead 
of  some  pestilent  maladie,  the  commons  and  subjects 
mourne,  take  thought,  and  grieve  with  heavie  cheere 
and  sad  countenance  :  idle  they  be,  and  take  no  joy  to 
do  any  thing  :  they  gather  in  no  provision :  they  march 
not  forth :  onely  with  a  certain  doleful  humming  they 
gather  round  about  his  corps,  and  will  not  away. 

"  Then  requisite  it  is  and  necessarie  to  sever  and 
part  the  multitude,  and  so  to  take  away  the  bodie  from 
them :  otherwise  they  would  keepe  a  looking  at  the 
breathlesse  carcasse,  and  never  go  from  it,  but  still 
mone  and  mourne  without  end.  And  even  then  also 
they  had  need  be  cherished  and  comforted  with  good 
victuals,  otherwise  they  would  pine  away  and  die  with 
hunger." —  Lib.  xi.  cap.  xviii. 

"  We  bury  our  dead  with  great  solemnity  ;  at  the 
king's  death  there  is  a  generall  mourning  and  fasting, 
with  a  cessation  from  labour,  and  we  use  to  go  about 
his  body  with  a  sad  murmur  for  many  daies.  When 
we  are  sick  we  have  attendants  appointed  us,  and  the 
symptoms  when  we  be  sick  are  infallible,  according  to 
the  honest,  plain  poet : 

*  If  bees  be  sick  (for  all  that  live  must  die), 
That  may  be  known  by  signes  most  certainly ; 
Their  bodies  are  discoloured,  and  their  face 
Looks  wan,  which  shows  that  death  comes  on  apace. 
They  carry  forth  their  dead,  and  do  lament, 
Hanging  o'  th'  dore,  or  in  their  hives  are  pent.'  " 

Howell,  p.  138. 

Of  bees  especially  the  proverb  holds  good,  that 
"Truth  is  stranger  than  fiction."  The  discoveries 
of  Huber,  Swammerdam,  Reaumur,  Latreille, 
Bonnet,  and  other  moderns,  read  more  like  a 
fairy-tale  than  anything  else,  and  yet  the  subject 
is  far  from  being  exhausted.  At  the  same  time 
modern  naturalists  have  substantiated  the  accu- 
racy of  the  ancients  in  many  statements  which 
were  considered  ridiculous  fables.  The  ancients 

*  The  bee  is  praised  for  her  pious  labours  in  the 
offices  of  the  Roman  Church,  "  as  the  unconscious 
contributor  of  the  substance  of  her  paschal  light." 
"  Alitur  enim  liquantibus  ceris,  quas  in  substantiam 
pretiosae  hujus  lampadis  Mater  Apis  eduxit."  —  Office 
of  Holy  Saturday. 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  226. 


anticipated  its  so  far  as  even  to  have  used  glass 
hives,  for  the  purpose  of  observing  the  wonderful 
proceedings  of  this  winged  nation.  Bochart, 
quoting  an  old  writer,  says  : 

"  Fecit  illis  Aristoteles  Alveare  Vitreum,  ut  intro- 
spiceret,  qua  ratione  ad  opus  se  accingerent.  Sed  ab- 
nuerunt  quidquam  operari,  donee  interiora  vitri  luto 
oblevisset."  —  Hierozoicon,  Lond.  1663,  folio,  Part  n. 
p.  514. 

ElRIONNACH. 


OXFORD  JEU  D'ESPRIT. 

The  following  jeu  $  esprit  appeared  at  Oxford 
in  1819  :  printed,  not  published,  but  laid  simul- 
taneously on  the  tables  of  all  the  Common  Rooms. 
No  author's  name  was  attached  to  it  then,  and 
therefore  no  attempt  is  now  made  to  supply  this 
deficiency  by  conjecture.  Since  the  attention  of 
the  discerning  public  has  lately  ^been  directed 
towards  the  University  of  Oxford,  probably  with 
the  expectation  of  finding  some  faults  in  her 
system  of  education,  it  is  possible  that  some  of 
those  who  are  engaged  or  interested  in  that  in- 
quiry may  be  amused  and  instructed  by  the 
good  sense,  humour,  logic,  and  Latinity  of  this 
satire. 

"  ERUDITIS    OXONI^E    AMANT1BUS    SALUTEM. 

"  Acerrimis  vestrum  omnium  judiciis  permittitur 
conspectus,  sive  syllabus,  libri  breviter  edendi,  et  e 
Prelo  Academico,  si  Diis,  i.  e.  Delegatis,  placet,  pro- 
dituri  :  in  quo  multa  dictu  et  notatu  dignissima  a 
tenebris  et  tineis  vindicantur  ;  multa  ad  hujusce  loci 
instituta  et  disciplinam  pertinentia  agitantur  ;  plurima 
quae  Academic  famam  et  dignitatem  spectant  fuse 
admodum  et  libere  tractantur  et  explicantur.  Sub- 
jiciuntur  operis  illustrandi  ergo  capitum  quorundam 
Argumenta. 


1.  ^Elfredi  magni  somnium  de  Sociis  omnibus  Aca- 
demicis  ad  Episcopatum  promovendis  : 

«  With  suppliant  smiles  they  bend  the  head, 
While  distant  mitres  to  their  eyes  are  spread.' 

Byron. 

Opus  egregium  perutile  perjucundum  ex  membranis 
vetustissimis  detritis  tertium  rescriptis,  solertia  plus 
quain  Angelo-Maiana,  nuperrime  redintegratum. 

2.  DevorguillcB,    Balliolensibus   semper    carissimas, 
pudicitia  laborans  vindicatur. 

3.  Contra    Kilnerum    et    Mertonenses    disputatur, 
Pytbagoram  Cantabrigiae  nunquam  docuisse  : 


'E£a7raT«j'Tt  p.v6oi.'  —  Find. 


4.  Wiccamici  publicis  examinationibus  liberi,  sibi  et 
reipublicae  rtocentes. 

5.  Magdalenenses     semper    aedificaturientes     nihil 
agunt : 

'  Implentur  veteris  Bacchi.'  —  Virg. 


6.  Orielensibus,  ingenio,  ut  ipsi  aiunt,  exundantibus, 
Aula  B.  M.  V.  malevole  denegatur : 

<  Barbara  Celarent  Darii.'  —  Ars  Logica. 

7.  De   reditibus   annuis    Decani    et    Canonicorum 
^Edis  Christi,  sive  de  libris  Canonicis. 

8.  Quaestiones  duae  :   An  Alumni  JEdis  Christi  jure 
fiant    Canonic!  ?     An    Alumni    .iEdis    Christi   re-verd 
fiant  Canonic!  ? 

9.  Respondetur  serenissimae   Archiducissae   de   Ol- 
denburg quaerenti : 

« What  do  the  Fellows  of  All-Souls  do  ?' 

10.  E    Collegio    ^Enei    Nasi    legati    Stamfordiam 
missi  Nasum  ilium  celeberrimum,  Collegii  firuvvp-ov, 
solemni  pompa  Oxoniam  asportant. 

11.  Nummi  ad  ornandam  faciem  occidentalem  Col- 
legii Lincolniensis  erogati  unde  comparati  fuerint  ? 

'  Lucri  bonus  est  odor  ex  re 
Qualibet.'  —  Juv. 

1 2.  Note.  —  The  original   beading  of  this    chapter 
was  altered  in  a  later  edition,  and  therefore  is  not  re- 
printed here. 

13.  Ex  Societatibus  caeteris  ejectos  Aula  S.  Albani 
pessimo  exemplo  ad  se  recipit  : 

«  Facilis  descensus  Averni.' —  Virg. 

14.  De  Golgotha  et  de  Golgothitis. 

1 5.  Praelectores  an  Praelectiones  numero  sint  plures. 

16.  Viro  venera&ili  S.  T.  P.  R.  praelegente  pecunia 
a  clientibus  sordide  admodum  exigitur. 

17.  Magistri    in    Venerabili    domo     Convocationis 
necessario  adsistentes  more   Attico  rb  TpieaSo\ov  reci- 
pere  debent. 

18.  De  Academicorum  in  Venerabili  domo  Convo- 
cationis sedentium   podicibus   igneo    quodam  vapore 
calefaciendis : 

'  Placetne  vobis  Magistri?' — &  oel  Vice- Can.] 

19.  De  viris  clarissimis  Bibliothecae  Bodleianse  Cu- 
ratoribus. 

'Scene  II.  —  Enter  Quince  the  Carpenter,  Snug 
the  Joiner,  Bottom  the  Weaver,  Flute  the 
Bellows-mender,  Snout  the  Tinker,  and  Starve- 
ling the  Tailor. 

Quince.  Is  all  our  company  complete  ? ' 

Shakspeare. 

20.  De  matulis  in  Bibliotheca  studentibus  copiosius 
suppeditandis : 

'  'A/tls  yap  fy  o6pijTid(n}5  CUT);" 
ITapti  crol  Kpe/j.T)ffcTai  tyyvs  tirl  rov  iraTToXou.' 

Aristophanes. 

21.  De  Bibliothecario  et  ejus  adjutoribus. 
'  Captain.    What  are  you  about,  Dick  ? 

Dick.  Nothing,  Sir. 

Captain.   Thomas,  what  are  you  doing? 

Thomas.  Helping  Dick,  Sir.' 

22.  Examinantur  Examinatores.' 

23.  Cuinam  eorum  Doctoris  Planissimi   cognomen 
jure  optimo  concedendum  sit. 

24.  De  Dodd. 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


25.  De  Magistris  Scholarum. 

*  Who  made  that  wond'rous  animal  a  Soph  ?' 

Oxford  Spy. 

26.  Baccalaurei  ad  Clepsydram  determinantes. 

'  Nor  stop,  but  rattle  over  every  word, 
No  matter  what,  so  it  can  not  be  heard.' 

Byron. 

27.  De  Vocum  Great-go,  Little-go,  By-go,  in  con- 
cione  quadam  nupera  perperam  felici  usu. 

'"ETJ  rb  ainb   vitoKopi^aQai"   tern  Se  viroKopi(rp.l>s  os 
eAarroy  •no'iei  K.  r.  \.  fi>\a§e'ia6ai  §e  8e?.'  —  Aristotle. 

28.  De  statua  matrons  venerabilis  TTJS  Goose  nuper 
defuncts  in  media  Scholarum  areii  collocanda. 

29.  De  statutorum  nostrorum  simplici  perspicuitate. 

v  re  /col  aT€\fvraiov  rb  Trap.' 


Ephraim  Jenkins,  apud  the  Vicar  of  Wakejleld. 

30.  An  Procuratorum  pedissequi  recte  nominentur 
Bull-dogs  ? 

3J.  De  passere  intra  Templum  B.  Marias  concionan- 
tibus  obstrepente  per  statutum  coercendo. 

*  *fl  Zeu  jScurtAeG  rov  (^Qey^aros  rovpviQiov.' 

32.  Typographium   Clarendonianum  famaj   Univer- 
sitatis  male  consulit,  dura  Cornelium  Nepotem  et  alios, 
id  genus,  libellos,  in  usum  Scholarum  imprimit. 

4  Fama  malum.'—  Virg. 

*  Quserenda  pecunia  primum.'  —  Horat. 

33.  De   celeberrima   Matrona   Knibbs   ex    Horatii 
mente  deificanda. 

*  Divina  tomacula  porci.' 

34.  Exemplo   viri  clarissimi   Joannis   Gutch    pro- 
batur  mortales  errori  obnoxios  esse. 

35.  Petitur  ut    memoria  viri  prosapia   ingenio    et 
moribus  spectatissimi  Gulielmi  Stuart  oratione  annua 
celebretur. 

'  Integer  vitae  scelerisque  purus.'—  Hor. 
'  The  merry  poacher  who  defies  his  God.' 

Oxford  Spy. 

36.  Oxonia  novo  lumine  vestita,  gaudent   Baljense 
Atlanticas,  exulant  meretrices,  Procuratores  otio  ene- 
cantur. 


'  Jam  redit  et  Virgo,  redeunt  Saturnia  regna.'  —  Virg. 
37.  Probatur  Bedellum  Academicum  vero  et  ge- 
nuino  sensu  esse  qunrtum  Pra?dicabile  ;  quippe  qui 
comes  adsit  Vice-Cancellario  omni  soli  et  semper. 
Doctissimus  tamen  Higgenbrockius  Differentiam  po- 
tius  esse  putat,  cujus  ha?c  sunt  verba  : 

«  Bedellus  est  de  Vice-Cancellarii  Essentia, 
Nee  potest  dispensari  cum  absentia  : 
Nam  sicat  forma  dat  Esse  Rei, 
Sic  Esse  dat  Bedellus  ei.' 

Nee  errat  forsan  vir  clarissimus,  si  enim  Collegii 
cujusvis  Prasfectum  (genus)  recte  dividat  Bedellus 
adstans  (Differentia),  fit  illico  Species  optata.  —  Dominus 
Vice-  Can. 


38.  Tutorum   et   Examinatorum   Oxoniensium  pe- 
titio  Mediolanum   transmissa,  ut    Auctorum  deperdi- 
torum    restitutor    nequissimus    Angelus    Maius,    iste 
male  feriatus,  oculis  et  virilibus  mulctetur. 

39.  Statute   quamprimum   cautum    sit,    idque    sub 
prenis  gravissimis,  ne  quis  ad  Universitatis  privilegia 
admissus  auctoris  cujuspiam  libros  feliciter  deperditos 
invenire  audeat,  inventos  hue  asportet,  imprimat,  im- 
primendos  curet,  denique  impresses  legat. 

Haec  sunt  et  horum  similia,  Academic!,  qua?  favore 
et  Auspiciis  vestris  auctor  sibi  evolvenda  destinat.  Ei 
investigandi  taedium,  vobis  delectatio,  adsit,  et  honos 
et  gloria.  In  quantam  molem  assurgat  materies  tarn 
varia  tarn  augusta  non  est  in  prtesenti  ut  pro  certo 
aflfirmetur.  Spes  est,  ut  omnia  rite  collecta,  in  ordinem 
breviter  et  eyKVK\oivat5LKcas  redacta,  voluminibus,  form 3, 
quam  vocant  '  Elephant- Quarto,'  non  plusquam  tri- 
ginta  contineantur. 

Omnes  igitur  qui  famam  aut  Academias  aut  suam 
salvam  velint,  moras  excutiant,  Bibliopolam  nostrum 
integerrimum  prassto  adeant,  symbolas  conferant,  dent 
nomina,  ut  hanc  saltern  a  nobis  immortalitatem  conse- 
quantur,  alia  fortasse  carituri." 

J.  B.  0. 

Loughborough. 


ANSAREYS  IN  MOUNT  LEBANON. 

In  the  romance  of  Tancred,  Mr.  D'Israeli 
mentions  the  Ansareys,  one  of  the  tribes  of  Le- 
banon, as  worshipping  the  old  heathen  gods, 
Jupiter,  Apollo,  and  Astarte,  or  Venus.  A 
writer  of  fiction  is  certainly  not  expected  to  be 
bound  to  fact ;  but  in  such  a  matter  as  the  present 
religion  of  an  existing  people,  I  feel  doubtful 
whether  to  suppose  this  religion  his  own  invention, 
or  if  he  has  any  authority  for  it,  and  its  connexion, 
with  pagan  Antioch.  A  people  of  to-day  retaining 
the  worship  of  the  old  gods  of  Greece  and  Syria, 
is  a  matter  of  great  interest.  I  have  looked  into 
Volney's  Travels  in  Syria,  and  Egypt,  and  in  some 
later  writers,  but  none  of  them  state  the  paganism 
of  Tancred  to  be  the  religion  of  the  Ansareys. 
It  is,  however,  said  to  be  a  mystery,  so  not  impos- 
sibly the  account  in  Tancred  may  be  the  reality. 
In  the  same  work,  the  Sheikhs  of  Sheikhs,  and 
his  tribe,  the  Beni-Rechab  children  of  Rechab, 
are  said  to  be  Jews  on  horseback,  inhabiting  the 
desert,  and  resembling  the  wandering  Arabs  in 
their  mode  of  life.  This  also  is  curious,  if  there 
be  such  a  people ;  and  some  of  your  readers  ac- 
quainted with  the  history  and  manners  of  Syria 
may  give  information  on  these  matters.  The 
other  tribes  of  Lebanon  are  singular  and  equally 
interesting  :  —  the  Maronites,  Christians  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  sect,  who,  however,  allow  their 
priests  to  marry  ;  the  Metualis,  Mahoinedans  of 
the  sect  of  AH ;  and  the  Druses,  whose  religion  is 
unknown,  and,  as  Lamartine  tells  us,  was  entirely 
so  to  Lady  Hester  Stanhope,  who  lived  years  in 
the  middle  of  them.  Volney  divides  the  Ansareys 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  226. 


in  several  sects,  of  whom  one  worshipped  the  sun, 
another  a  dog,  and  a  third  had  an  obscene  worship, 
with  such  lewd  nocturnal  meetings  as  were  fabled 
of  the  Yesedee.  F. 


PRIMERS    OF    THE    REIGN    OF    QUEEN   ELIZABETH. 

Little  is  known  respecting  the  Primers  *of  this 
reign,  and  yet  several  editions  were  published. 
My  object  will  be  to  give  some  information  on  the 
subject,  in  the  hope  that  more  may  be  elicited  from 
your  correspondents. 

There  is  an  edition  of  the  year  1559,  4to.  Two 
copies  only  are  known  at  present ;  one  in  the  li- 
brary at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  the  other  at 
Jesus  College,  Cambridge.  It  has  been  reprinted 
by  the  Parker  Society.  This  Primer  contains 
certain  prayers  for  the  dead,  as  they  stand  in  that 
of  Henry  VIII.,  1545.  In  short,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  "  An  Order  for  Morning  Prayer,"  with 
which  it  commences,  this  Primer  follows  the  ar- 
rangement of  that  of  1545  ;  some  things,  relative 
to  saints,  angels,  and  the  Virgin  Mary,  having 
been  excluded. 

But  I  have  in  my  possession  another  edition  in 
12mo.  of  this  reign,  of  which  I  can  trace  no  other 
copy.  My  book  wants  the  title,  and  consequently 
I  cannot  ascertain  its  date.  It  was  formerly  in 
(rough's  possession,  lam  inclined  to  think  that 
it  is  earlier  than  the  edition  reprinted  by  the 
Parker  Society. 

Unlike  the  book  of  1559,  mine  commences  with 
the  Catechism,  but  the  subsequent  arrangement  is 
the  same.  The  differences,  when  any  exist,  con- 
sist in  a  more  literal  following  of  the  Primer  of 
1545.  The  Prayers  for  the  Dead  are  retained  as 
in  the  book  of  1559.  The  Graces,  also,  are  more 
numerous  in  my  edition,  and  some  of  them  are 
not  found  even  in  King  Henry's  book.  One  con- 
sists of  an  address,  as  from  the  master  of  the 
family,  with  an  answer  from  the  other  members. 
In  some  respects  this  is  similar  to  a  form  in  King 
Edward's  Primer,  while  in  others  it  is  altogether 
different.  At  the  close  of  the  Graces,  the  book  of 
1559  has  the  words  "  God  save  our  Queen  and 
Realm,"  while  in  my  edition  the  reading  is  the 
same  as  in  the  book  of  1545,  "Lorde,  save  thy 
Churche,  our  Quene,  and  Realme,"  &c. 

In  "  The  Dirige  "  there  is  a  very  singular  va- 
riation. In  1559  we  find  "Ego  Dixi,  Psalm 
Esaie  xxxviii.;"  in  1545  it  is  only  "  Esa.  xxxviii. ; " 
in  that  of  1546  the  form  is  "  Ego  Dixi,  Psal.  Esa. 
xxxviii.;"  and  my  edition  has  "  Ego  Dixi,  Psal. 
xxxv.,"  being  different  from  all  the  rest. 

Some  curious  typographical  errors  are  also 
found  in  my  edition.  In  the  Catechism  the  word 
king  is  substituted  for  queen.  In  the  third  pe- 
tition in  the  Litany  for  the  Queen,  we  have  "  That 
it  may  please  thee  to  be  hys  defendour,  and 
gevinge  hym,"  &c. ;  yet  in  the  previous  clauses 


the  pronoun  is  correctly  used.  It  would  seem 
that  the  printer  had  the  Primer  of  1545  or  1546 
before  him,  and  that  in  these  cases  he  followed 
his  copy  without  making  the  necessary  alterations. 

Such  are  the  more  remarkable  differences  be- 
tween my  edition  and  that  of  1559. 

There  is  a  Primer  of  this  reign  in  the  Bodleian, 
quite  different  from  mine  and  that  of  1559.  In 
this  the  Prayers  for  the  Dead  are  expunged,  and 
the  character  of  the  book  is  altogether  dissimilar. 
Two  copies  of  this  book  exist  in  the  Bodleian, 
which  have  been  usually  regarded  as  different 
editions.  From  a  careful  examination,  however, 
I  have  ascertained  that  they  are  the  same  edition. 
One  copy  has  the  title,  with  the  date  1566  on  the 
woodcut  border ;  the  other  wants  the  title,  but 
has  the  colophon,  bearing  the  date  1575.  The 
latter  is  the  true  date  of  the  book,  and  the  date 
on  the  title  is  merely  that  of  some  other  book,  for 
which  the  compartment  had  been  used  in  1566. 
Such  variations  are  common  with  early  books.  I 
have  several  volumes  bearing  an  earlier  date  on 
the  title  than  in  the  colophon.  Thus,  the  first 
edition  of  Sir  Thomas  Elyot's  Castle  of  Health  has 
1534  on  the  title,  and  1539  in  the  colophon.  The 
latter  was  the  true  date.  It  may  be  remarked 
that  the  two  books  in  the  Bodleian  of  1575  will 
together  make  up  a  perfect  copy. 

Some  of  your  correspondents  may  be  able  to 
mention  another  copy  of  the  edition  which  I 
possess.  I  am  very  anxious  to  discover  another. 

THOMAS  LATHBURY. 

Bristol. 


Objective  and  Subjective.  —  I  tried,  a  little  while 
ago,  to  show  in  your  pages  that  this  antithesis, 
though  not  a  good  pair  of  terms,  is  intelligible, 
and  justified  by  good  English  usage.  But  I  must 
allow  that  the  writers  who  use  these  terms,  do  all 
that  is  possible  to  put  those  who  justify  them  in 
the  wrong.  In  a  French  work  at  least,  recently 
published,  I  find  what  appears  to  me  a  curious 
application  of  the  corresponding  words  in  that 
language.  M.  Auguste  Comte,  in  the  preface 
to  the  third  volume  of  his  Systeme  de  Politique 
Positive,  speaks  of  some  of  his  admirers  who  had 
by  their  "  cotisations,"  or  contributions,  supported 
him  while  he  was  writing  the  work ;  and  he  par- 
ticularly celebrates  one  of  them,  Mr.  Wallace,  an 
American,  adding : 

"  Devenu  jusqu'ici  le  principal  de  mes  souscrip- 
teurs,  Wallace  a  perpetue  subjectivement  son  patro- 
nage objectif,  en  me  leguanl  une  annuite  de  cinq  cent 
francs." 

I  must  confess  that  the  metaphysics  according  to 
which  a  sum  paid  by  a  living  man  is  objectif,  and 
a  legacy  subjectif,  is  beyond  my  depth. 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


171 


While  I  write,  as  if  writers  of  all  kinds  were  | 
resolved  to  join  in  perplexing  the  use  of  these  un- 
fortunate words,  I  read  in  a  journal,  "  objective 
discussion,  in  the  sense  of  hostile  or  adverse  dis- 
cussion, discussion  which  proposed  objections."  I 
think  this  is  hard  upon  the  word,  and  unfair 
usage  of  it.  W. 

Lucy  Walters,  the  Duke  of  Monmouth's  Mother. 
—  The  death  of  this  unfortunate  woman  is  usually 
stated  to  have  taken  place  at  Paris.  The  date  is 
not  given,  and  the  authority  cited  is  John  Evelyn. 
But  Evelyn's  words  have  been  misunderstood. 
He  says,  speaking  of  the  Duke  of  Monniouth's  j 

execution  : 

I 

"  His  mother,  whose  name  was  Barlow,  daughter  of  I 
some  very  mean  creatures,  was  a  beautiful  strumpet, 
whom  I  had  often  seen  at  Paris;   she  died  miserably, 
without  anything  to  bury  her." — Diary,  July  15,1685. 

This  passage  surely  does  not  imply  that  she  died 
at  Paris  ?  In  the  Parish  Registers  of  Hammer- 
smith is  the  following  entry  : 

"  1683,  June  5,  Lucy  Walters  bur." 

which  I  am  fully  persuaded  records  the  death  of 
one  of  King  Charles's  quondam  mistresses. 

EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 

;.  General  Haynau 's  Corpse.  —  A  most  extraor- 
dinary account  has  reached  us  in  a  private  letter 
from  Vienna  to  a  high  personage  here,  and  has 
been  the  talk  of  our  salons  for  the  last  few  days. 
It  appears  that  the  circumstance  of  the  death  of 
General  Haynau  presented  a  phenomenon  of  the 
most  awful  kind  on  record.  For  many  days  after 
death  the  warmth  of  life  yet  lingered  in  the  right 
arm  and  left  leg  of  the  corpse,  which  remained 
limpid  and  moist,  even  bleeding  slightly  when 
pricked.  No  delusion,  notwithstanding,  could  be 
maintained  as  to  the  reality  of  death,  for  the  other 
parts  of  the  body  were  completely  mortified,  and 
interment  became  necessary  before  the  two  limbs 
above  mentioned  had  become  either  stiff  or  cold. 
The  writer  of  the  letter  mentioned  that  this  strange 
circumstance  has  produced  the  greatest  awe  in 
the  minds  of  those  who  witnessed  it,  and  that  the 
emperor  had  been  so  impressed  with  it,  that  his 
physicians  had  forbidden  the  subject  to  be  alluded 
to  in  his  presence.  Query,  Can  the  above  sin- 
gular statement  be  verified  ?  It  was  copied  from 
a  French  paper,  immediately  after  the  decease  of 
General  Haynau  was  known  in  Paris.  W.  W. 
Malta. 

"  Isolated" — This  word  was  not  in  use  at  the 
commencement  of  the  eighteenth  century,  as  is 
evident  from  the  following  expression  of  Lord 
Bolingbroke's  : 

"  The  events  we  are  witnesses  of  in  the  course  of  the 
longest  life  appear  to  us  very  often  original,  unpre- 


pared, single,  and  unrelative  ;  if  I  may  use  such  a  word 
for  want  of  a  better  in  English.  In  French,  I  would 
say  isoles." 

The  only  author  quoted  by  Richardson  is 
Stewart.  R.  CART  BARNARD. 

Malta. 

Office  of  Sexton  held  by  One  Family.  —  The 
following  obituary,  copied  from  the  Derbyshire 
Advertiser  of  Jan.  27,  1854,  contains  so  extraor- 
dinary an  account  of  the  holding  of  the  office  of 
sexton  by  one  family,  that  it  may  interest  some  of 
your  readers,  and  may  be  difficult  to  be  surpassed. 


"  On  Jan.  23,  1 854, 
Bramwell,  sexton  of  the 
le- Frith.      The   deceased 
forty-three  years ;    Peter 
years;   George  Bramwell, 
years  ;    George  Bramwell, 
years  ;     Peter  Bramwell, 
fifty-two  years  :   total  223 


aged  eighty-six,  Mr.  Peter 
parish  church  of  Chapel-en- 
served  the  office  of  sexton 
Bramwell,  his  father,  fifty 
his  grandfather,  thirty-eight 
his  great-grandfather,  forty 
his  great-great-grandfather, 
years." 

S.  G.  C. 


Sententious  Despatches  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  490. ;  Vol. 
ix.,  p.  20.).  —  In  addition  to  the  sententious  dis- 
patches referred  to  above,  please  note  the  follow- 
ing. It  was  sent  to  the  Emperor  Nicholas  by  one 
of  his  generals,  and  is  a  very  good  specimen  of 
Russian  double  entendres  : 

"  Folia  Fascha,  a  Varschavoo  vsiat  nemogoo." 
"  Folia  is  your's,  but  Warsaw  I  cannot  take." 
Also,— 

"  Your  will  is  all-powerful,  but  Warsaw  I  cannot 
take."  *  *  *  * 

J.  S.  A. 
Old  Broad  Street. 

Reprints  suggested. — As  you  have  opened  a  list 
of  suggested  reprints  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
may  I  be  allowed  to  remark  that  some  of  Peter 
Heylin's  works  would  be  well  worth  reprinting. 

There  is  a  work  of  which  few  know  the  value, 
but  yet  a  work  of  the  greatest  importance,  I  mean 
Dr.  O'Connor's  Letters  of  Columbanus.  A  care- 
fully edited  and  well  annotated  edition  of  this 
scarce  work  would  prove  of  greater  value  than 
any  reprint  I  can  think  of.  MARICONDA. 


PICTURES    FROM    LORD    VANE'S    COLLECTION. 

My  family  became  possessed  of  six  fine  por- 
traits at  the  death  of  Lord  Vane,  husband  to  that 
lady  of  unenviable  notoriety,  a  sketch  of  whose 
life  (presented  by  her  own  hand  to  the  author)  is 
inserted,  under  the  title  "  Adventures  of  a  Lady  of 
Quality,"  in  Peregrine  Pickle.  I  quote  from  my 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  226. 


relation  who  knew  the  facts.*  Lord  Vane  was  the 
last  of  his  race,  and  died  at  Fairlawn,  Kent, 
probably  about  the  latter  half  of  the  last  century .f 
The  successor  to  his  fortune  selected  a  few  pic- 
tures, and  left  the  remaining,  of  which  mine 
formed  a  part,  to  his  principal  agent.  Amateurs 
say  they  are  by  Sir  Peter  Lely :  a  fact  I  should 
be  glad  to  establish.  I  have  searched  Windsor 
Castle,  Hampton  Court,  and  Knowle  Park  collec- 
tions in  vain  for  duplicates. 

No.  1.  is  a  young  man  in  what  appears  to  be  a 
court  dress,  exhibiting  armour  beneath  the  folds 
of  the  drapery.  Point  lace  neck-tie.  2.  Do.,  in 
brocaded  silk  and  fringed  dress.  Point  lace  neck- 
tie and  ruffles.  A  spaniel  introduced,  climbing 
up  his  knee.  3.  A  youth  sitting  under  a  tree, 
with  pet  lamb.  Point  lace  neck-tie  and  ruffles, 
but  of  simple  dress.  4.  A  lady  in  flowing  dra- 
pery. Pearls  in  her  hair  and  round  her  neck, 
sitting  under  a  tree.  An  orange  blossom  in  her 
hand.  5.  A  lady  seated  in  an  apartment  with 
marble  columns.  Costume  similar  to  No.  4,  minus 
the  pearls  in  the  hair.  A  kind  of  wreath  in  her 
hand.  6.  A  lady  in  simple,  flowing  drapery, 
without  jewellery,  save  a  broach  or  clasp  on  her 
left  shoulder  ;  holding  a  flower  in  her  right  hand. 
In  all,  the  background  is  very  dark,  but  trees  and 
buildings  can  be  traced  through  the  gloom.  The 
hands  are  models,  and  beautifully  painted.  Size  of 
pictures,  divested  of  their  carved  and  gilt  frames, 
four  feet  two  inches  by  three  feet  four  inches.  If 
any  of  your  readers  can,  from  this  description, 
give  me  any  clue  to  the  name  of  the  artist,  it  will 
greatly  oblige  and  be  duly  appreciated  by  an 
elderly  spinster.  S.  D. 


BURIAL-PLACE    OF   THURSTAN,    ARCHBISHOP   OP 
YORK. 

The  church  of  All  Saints,  in  Pontefract,  county 
York,  was  some  years  ago  partly  restored  for  divine 
worship  ;  and  during  the  progress  of  the  works,  a 
broken  slab  was  discovered  in  the  chancel  part  of 
the  church,  upon  which  was  cut  an  archiepiscopal 
cross,  extending  from  the  top  apparently  to  the 
bottom.  On  the  upper  part  of  the  stone,  and  on 
each  side  of  the  cross,  was  a  circle  or  ring  cut 

[*  A  correspondent  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
May,  1789,  p.  403.,  who  was*  intimately  acquainted 
with  Lord  and  Lady  Vane,  states  that  "  though  Dr. 
Smollet  was  as  willing  as  he  was  able  to  embellish  his 
works  with  stories  marvellous,  yet  he  did  not  dress  up 
Lady  Vane's  story  of  her  Lord.  She  wrote  it  as  well 
as  she  could  herself,  and  Dr.  Shebbeare  put  it  in  its 
present  form  at  her  ladyship's  request." 

f  Lord  Vane  died  April  5,  1789,  at  his  house  in 
Downing  Street,  Westminster.  He  was  great-grand- 
son of  that  inflexible  republican,  Sir  Henry  Vane, 
executed  on  Tower  Hill,  June  14,  1662. — ED.] 


down  the  middle  by  a  dagger ;  and  bearing  on  the 
circle  the  following  inscription  in  Old  English 
characters : 

"  *  tit .  jjotr .  ttf  .  all." 

In  the  middle  of  the  stone,  and  on  each  side  of 
the  cross,  also  appear  a  shield  emblazoned  with  a 
rabbit  or  coney  sejant.* 

Beneath  this  part  appears  the  commencement  of 
the  inscription,  which  seems  to  have  run  across 
the  surface  of  the  stone,  "  Orate  pro  anim  .  .  .  ." 
Here  the  stone  is  broken  across,  and  the  lower 
part  not  found. 

Can  any  of  your  numerous  readers  inform  me 
if  this  stone  could  possibly  be  the  tombstone  of 
Thurstan,  Archbishop  of  York  ?  It  is  said  that  he 
resigned  the  see  of  York  after  holding  it  twenty- 
six  years : 

"  Being  old  and  sickly,  he  would  have  been  made  a 
monk  of  Pontefract,  but  he  had  scarcely  put  off  his 
pontifical  robes,  and  put  on  his  monk's  dress,  when 
death  came  upon  him  and  made  him  assume  his  grave- 
clothes  ;  for  he  survived  but  eleven  days  after  his 
resignation,  dying  Feb.  5,  1140." 

Thurstan  is  stated  to  have  been  buried  in  the 
Monastery  ;  but  may  he  not  have  been  buried  in 
the  church  of  All  Saints,  which  was  the  conven- 
tual church  of  tlje  Priory  of  St.  John  the  Evan- 
gelist, and  was  situated  adjoining  the  Grange,  the 
site  of  the  Priory  ?  In  the  bull  of  Pope  Celestine, 
"  right  of  burial  in  this  church  was  granted  to 
the  monks,  saving  the  privileges  of  neighbouring 
churches."  (Ch.  de  Pontif.  fol.  8.  a.) 

GEORGE  Fox. 


Admiral  Hopson. — In  Tomkins'  History  of  the 
Isle  of  Wight  (1796),  vol.  ii.  p.  123.,  an  anecdote 
is  told  of  a  native  of  Bonchurch  named  Hobson, 
who  afterwards  became  Admiral  Hobson.  It  is 
mentioned  that  he  was  an  orphan,  bound  appren- 
tice to  a  tailor;  and  that  being  struck  with  the  sight 
of  a  squadron  of  ships  off  the  Isle  of  Wight,  he 
rowed  off  in  a  boat  to  them,  and  was  received  OIL 
the  admiral's  ship;  that  the  next  day,  in  an  engage- 
ment with  the  French,  when  his  ship  was  engaged 
yard-arm  and  yard-arm  with  the  enemy,  he 
climbed  up  the  mast,  clambered  to  the  enemy's 
yard-arm,  mounted  to  the  top-gallant  mast,  and 
took  down  the  flag.  This  created  consternation  in* 
the  enemy,  who  were  soon  defeated.  Hobson  was 

*  In  «  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  19.,  I  find,  under  the 
head  of  "  Wylcotes  Brass,"  an  answer  to  the  inscription, 
"  In  .  on  .  is  .  all  ; "  and  as  the  inscription  on  the  tomb- 
stone discovered  in  All  Saints,  Pontefract,  was  very 
legibly  written  "  In  God  is  all,"  may  not  one  family 
be  a  branch  of  the  other  ?  Can  you  say  where  the 
quotation  is  from  ? 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


promoted  to  be  an  officer,  and  ultimately  became 
an  admiral. 

This  is  the  story  as  told  by  Tomkins.  I  wish 
lo  know  what  was  his  authority. 

Consulting  Chernoch's  Lives  of  the  Admirals,  I 
find  mention  of  Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Hopson,  a 
native  of  Bonchurch ;  who  ran  away  from  his 
parents,  and  did  not  return  to  his  home  till  he 
was  an  admiral.  This  Sir  Thos.  Hopson  was  made 
second  lieutenant  in  1672,  the  year  of  the  action 
in  Solbay,  in  which  the  Earl  of  Sandwich  perished. 
He  rose  to  the  rank  of  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Red  ; 
and  in  the  action  of  Vigo,  in  1702,  he  distin- 
guished himself,  and  was  knighted  in  consequence. 
He  received  a  pension  of  5001.  a  year,  and  retired 
from  the  service  in  this  year.  He  died  in  1717. 
After  he  quitted  the  navy,  he  became  Member  of 
Parliament  for  Newtown,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

It  is  evident  that  this  Hopson  is  the  Hobson  of 
'Tomkins ;  and  that  Tomkins  spoke  of  the  French 
by  mistake  for  the  Dutch  enemy.  But  I  cannot 
discover  what  authority  he  had  for  his  account 
of  the  manner  in  which  young  Hobson  first  distin- 
guished himself.  G.  CURREY. 

Charterhouse. 

"  Three  cats  sat"  frc. — Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents give  me  the  end  of  a  ballad,  beginning 
thus,  which  a  very  old  lady  in  her  ninetieth  year 
is  most  anxious  to  know  ?  — 

"  Three  cats  sat  by  the  fire-side, 
With  a  basket  full  of  coal  dust, 

Coal  dust,  coal  dust, 
With  a  basket  full  of  coal  dust." 

JULIA  R.  BOCKETT. 
Southcote  Lodge. 

Herbert's  "  Church  Porch."  —Will  any  of  your 
readers  help  me  to  the  sense  of  the  following 
stanza  from  George  Herbert's  Church  Porch, 
verse  48  : 

"  If  thou  be  single,  all  thy  good  and  ground 
Submit  to  love  ;  but  yet  not  more  than  all. 
Give  one  estate,  as  one  life.     None  is  bound 
To  work  for  two,  who  brought  himself  to  thrall. 
God  made  me  one  man  ;   love  makes  me  no  more 
Till  labour  come,  and  make  my  weakness  score." 

The  lines  of  which  I  want  the  meaning  are  the 
last  three.  S.  SINGLETON. 

Greenwich. 

Ancient  Tenure  of  Lands.  — I  should  feel  obliged 
to  any  of  your  readers  who  would  inform  me  as  to 
the  ancient  tenure  by  which  estates  were  held  in 
this  country.  For  instance,  a  manor,  including 
within  its  limits  several  hamlets,  is  held  by  A, 
who  grants  by  subinfeudation  one  of  the  said 
hamlets  to  B  ;  B  dies,  leaving  a  son  and  successor, 
who  continues  in  possession  of  the  hamlet,  and 


grants  leases,  &c.,  and  thus  for  several  generations. 
My  question  is,  did  A,  in  granting  to  B,  relinquish 
all  interest  in  the  hamlet,  or  how  much  did  he 
still  retain,  since  in  after  years  the  hamlet  is  found 
to  have  reverted  to  him,  and  no  allusion  is  after- 
wards made  to  the  subinfeudatory  lords  who  pos- 
sessed it  for  some  generations?  It  is  presumed 
that  in  early  times  lords  of  a  manor  were  owners 
of  the  lands  of  the  manor  of  which  they  were 
lords  ;  at  present  an  empty  title  is  all  that  remains. 
When  did  the  practice  of  alienating  lands  by  a 
piecemeal  partition  and  sale  commence  ?  and  did 
a  subinfeudatory  lord  possess  the  power  of  aliena- 
tion ?  In  fact,  what  is  the  origin  of  the  numerous 
small  freeholds  into  which  our  ancient  manors  are 
broken  up  ?  J.  B. 

Dramatic  Works.  —  Dramatic  and  Poetical 
Works,  very  rare,  privately  printed,  1840.  In- 
formation relative  to  this  work  will  oblige 

JOHN  MARTIN. 

Woburn  Abbey. 

Devreux  Bowly.  —  An  old  and  excellent  hall 
clock  in  this  city  bears  the  name  of  Devreux 
Bowly,  of  Lombard  Street,  London,  as  the  maker. 
Can  any  of  the  readers  of  "  !NT.  &  Q."  (either  ho- 
rologists  or  others)  say  when  he  lived  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

"  Corruptio  optimi"  fyc.  —  What  is  the  origin  or 
earliest  use  of  the  saying,  "  Corruptio  optimi  est, 
al.  fit,  pessima,"  in  its  present  form  ?  I  state  it  in 
this  way,  because  I  am  aware  of  its  having  been 
referred  to  Aristotle's  remarks  on  the  different 
forms  of  government.  The  old  Latin  translation, 
however,  does  not  contain  the  expression,  and  I 
have  not  traced  it  farther  back  than  to  writers  of 
the  seventeenth  century, —  to  Jeremy  Taylor,  for 
instance.  E.  M. 

Hastings. 

Lamenther.  —  Who  was  the  writer  of  the  Life 
of  Lamenther,  written  by  herself,  published  by  sub- 
scription in  1771?  Is  it  a  genuine  narrative; 
and  if  so,  where  can  I  find  a  key  to  the  initials  ? 

C.  CLIFTON  BARRY. 

Sheriff1  of  Somersetshire  in  1765.— Will  any  of 
your  correspondents  resident  in,  or  acquainted 
with  the  county  of  Somerset,  oblige  me  by  stating 
the  date  of  death  of  James  Perry,  Esq.,  the  Sheriff 
of  that  county  in  1756  ;  and  also  his  place  of 
residence,  and  the  names  of  his  children,  if  any ; 
and  where  any  of  their  descendants  now  reside  ? 

H. 

Edward  Brerewood.  —  Is  there  any  authenti- 
cated portrait  extant  of  this  learned  mathema- 
tician ?  He  was  the  first  Gresham  Professor  of 
Astronomy  at  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  the 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  226. 


author  of  several  important  philosophical  works ; 
one  of  which,  on  the  Diversity  of  Language,  has 
been  more  than  once  reprinted.  Possibly  at  Ox- 
ford, his  alma  mater,  a  portrait  of  him  may  be  in 
existence ;  and  I  dare  say  some  resident  member 
of  that  University  will  kindly  endeavour  to  ascer- 
tain the  fact.  T.  HUGHES. 
Chester. 

Elizabeth  Seymour. — I  have  lately  met  with  a 
pedigree  in  which  it  is  stated  that  Sir  Joseph 
Tredenham  (I  presume  of  Cornwall  or  Devon- 
shire) married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward 
Seymour,  first  baronet  of  the  present  Duke  of 
Somerset's  line,  by  his  wife  Elizabeth  Champer- 
nown ;  but  another  pedigree  gives  this  Elizabeth 
to  George  Gary  of  Cockington,  co,  Devon,  Esq. 
Which  is  correct?  Or  did  the  said  Elizabeth 
marry  twice  ?  and,  in  that  case,  which  was  the 
first  husband  ?  PATONCE. 

Longfellow.  —  Could  you  inform  me  whether 
the  name  "Longfellow"  may  still  be  traced  in  any 
parts  of  England  ?  It  is  the  belief  of  that  distin- 
guished American  poet  that  his  name  still  exists 
in  some  of  the  south-western  counties ;  and  it 
would  be  an  additional  gratification  to  him  that 
his  hopes  were  confirmed  by  testimony. 

OXONIENSIS. 

Fresick  and  Freswick. — In  the  map  of  the  king- 
dom of  Scotland,  occurring  in  the  Theatre  of  the 
Empire  of  Great  Britaine,  by  John  Speed,  1614, 
pp.  131-2.,  on  the  north-east  point  of  Scotland  a 
place  is  noted  as  Fresick  East,  in  the  present  maps 
Freswich.  Is  Fresick  a  contracted  form  of  Fres- 
wick  f  and  if  so,  has  it  some  reference  to  a  settle- 
ment of  the  Frisians  (anciently  Fresians)  on  this 
coast  ?  The  village  Freswick,  on  the  borders  of 
the  Lek,  and  another  Freswick  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Deventus,  both  in  the  Netherlands,  near 
the  Frisians,  are  supposed  to  owe  their  names  to 
a  settlement  or  refuge  of  those  first  parents  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons.  D.  H. 

Has  Execution  by  Hanging  been  survived? — I 
have  heard  vague  and  indiscriminate  tales  of  per- 
sons who,  as  criminals,  have  undergone  infliction 
of  the  punishment  of  hanging  without  total  ex- 
tinction of  life  ;  but  I  have  always  been  disposed 
to  look  upon  such  accounts  as  mere  fables,  till 
lately,  in  turning  over  somk  newspapers  of  the 
year  1740,  I  found  a  case  mentioned,  under  such 
circumstances  that,  if  it  were  untrue,  its  refuta- 
tion might  have  been  easily  accomplished.  By 
The  Craftsman  of  Saturday,  Sept.  27,  1740,  it 
appears  one  William  Dewell  had  been  concerned 
in  the  violation,  robbery,  and  murder  of  a  young 
woman  in  a  barn  at  Acton  (which  place  has  so 
recently  been  the  scene  of  another  horrible  crime). 
The  Craftsman  of  Saturday,  Nov.  29,  1740,  states 


that  Dewell,  having  undergone  execution,  and 
being  brought  to  Surgeons'  Hall  to  be  anatomised, 
symptoms  of  life  appeared,  and  he  quite  recovered* 
This  strikes  me  as  a  most  unaccountable  story; 
but  perhaps  similar  ones  may  have  been  met  with 
in  the  reading  of  some  of  your  correspondents.  2. 

Maps  of  Dublin. — In  Gough's  Topographical 
Antiquities  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  p.  689., 
it  is  stated  that  there  is  a  map  of  the  city  and 
suburbs  of  Dublin,  by  Charles  Brookin,  1728,  and 
a  map  of  the  Bay  and  Harbour  of  Dublin,  with  a 
small  plan  of  the  city,  1728.  I  have  Brookin's 
map  of  the  city,  1728,  but  I  have  never  seen  or 
heard  of  any  person  who  had  seen  the  map  of  the 
Bay  and  Harbour  of  1728.  Possibly  some  of  your 
correspondents  could  give  information  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  also  state  whether  there  be  any  map  of 
the  city,  either  manuscript  or  printed,  between 
Speed's  map  of  1610  and  Brookin's  of  1728,  and 
where  ?  C.  H. 

Dublin. 

"  The  Lounger's  Common-place  Booh."  — Who 
was  the  editor  of  this  work  ?  Any  information  as 
to  its  literary  history,  and  especially  as  to  that  of 
the  revised  edition  of  it,  will  be  very  acceptable 
to  t  W.  H.  S. 

Mount  Mill,  and  the  Fortifications  of  London. — 
In  a  topographical  account  of  Middlesex,  pub- 
lished in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  I  find  the 
following : 

"  Mount  Mill,  at  the  end  of  Goswell  Street,  was  one  of 
the  forts  erected  by  the  Parliament  for  the  defence  of 
London." 

Will  any  of  your  correspondents  be  kind  enough 
to  inform  me  what  the  exact  site  was  ;  at  what 
period  it  was  demolished ;  what  were  the  names  and 
sites  of  any  other  forts  erected  by  the  Parliament 
at  the  time  for  the  purposes  of  defence ;  and,  lastly, 
in  what  work  any  record  of  them  may  be  found  ? 

B.  R.  A.  Y. 

"  Forms  of  Public  Meetings''' — Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  of  the  name  of  the  publisher 
of  Forms  and  Proceedings  of  Public  Meetings  re- 
ferred to  in  The  Times  of  Sept.  16  or  17  last, 
and  supposed  to  have  been  written  by  the  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons  ?  Z.  Y. 


[*  Matt  of  the  Mint  in  the  Beggar's  Opera  says,  "  My 
poor  brother  Tom  had  an  accident  this  time  twelve- 
month ;  and  so  clever  a  made  fellow  he  was,  that  I 
could  not  save  him  from  those  flaying  rascals  the  sur- 
geons ;  and  now,  poor  man,  he  is  among  the  'otamies 
at  Surgeons'  Hall."  The  executed  culprit  noticed  by 
our  correspondent,  however,  seems  to  have  been  re- 
animated at  Surgeons'  Hall.  —  ED.] 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Ring. — Has  the  com- 
mon story,  respecting  the  Earl  of  Essex  sending  a 
ring  to  Queen  Elizabeth  by  the  Countess  of  Not- 
tino-ham,  in  order  to  procure  his  pardon,  any 
foundation  in  fact  ?  T.  T.  W. 

[Miss  Strickland  seems  to  have  examined  the  tra- 
ditionary notices  of  this  love-token.  She  says:  "  The 
romantic  story  of  the  ring  which,  it  is  said,  the  queen 
had  given  to  Essex  in  a  moment  of  fondness  as  a  pledge 
of  her  affection,  with  an  intimation  '  that,  if  he  for- 
feited her  favour,  if  he  sent  it  back  to  her,  the  sight  of 
it  would  ensure  her  forgiveness,'  must  not  be  lightly 
rejected.  It  is  not  only  related  by  Osborne,  who  is 
considered  a  fair  authority  for  other  things,  and  quoted 
by  historians  of  all  parties,  but  it  is  a  family  tradition 
of  the  Careys,  who  were  the  persons  most  likely  to  be 
in  the  secret,  as  they  were  the  relations  and  friends  of 
all  the  parties  concerned,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  The  following  is  the  version  given 
by  Lady  Elizabeth  Spelman,  a  descendant  of  that 
House,  to  the  editor  of  her  great-uncle  Robert  Carey's 
Memoirs  :  '  When  Essex  lay  under  sentence  of  death, 
he  determined  to  try  the  virtue  of  the  ring,  by  sending 
it  to  the  queen,  and  claiming  the  benefit  of  her  pro- 
mise ;  but  knowing  he  was  surrounded  by  the  crea- 
tures of  those  who  were  bent  on  taking  his  life,  he  was 
fearful  of  trusting  it  to  any  of  his  attendants.  At 
length,  looking  out  of  his  window,  he  saw  early  one 
morning  a  boy  whose  countenance  pleased  him,  and 
him  he  induced  by  a  bribe  to  carry  the  ring,  which  he 
threw  down  to  him  from  above,  to  the  Lady  Scrope 
his  cousin,  who  had  taken  so  friendly  interest  in  his 
fate.  The  boy,  by  mistake,  carried  it  to  the  Countess 
of  Nottingham,  the  cruel  sister  of  the  fair  and  gentle 
Scrope,  and,  as  both  these  ladies  were  of  the  royal  bed- 
chamber, the  mistake  might  easily  occur.  The  countess 
carried  the  ring  to  her  husband  the  Lord  Admiral,  who 
was  the  deadly  foe  of  Essex,  and  told  him  the  message, 
but  he  bade  her  suppress  both.'  The  queen,  uncon- 
scious of  the  accident,  waited  in  the  painful  suspense 
of  an  angry  lover  for  the  expected  token  to  arrive;  but 
not  receiving  it,  she  concluded  he  was  too  proud  to 
make  this  last  appeal  to  her  tenderness,  and,  after 
having  once  revoked  the  warrant,  she  ordered  the  exe- 
cution to  proceed.  It  was  not  till  the  axe  had  abso- 
lutely fallen,  that  the  world  could  believe  that  Elizabeth 
would  take  the  life  of  Essex." — Lives  of  the  Queens  of 
Enyland,  vol.  iv.  p.  747.] 

Lives  of  English  Bishops :  Bishop  Burnet.  — 
I  should  be  glad  to  know  who  is  the  author  of 
The  Lives  of  the  English  Bishops,  from  the  Re- 
stauration  to  the  Revolution ;  Fit  to  be  opposed  to  the 
Aspersions  of  some  late  Writers  of  Secret  History : 
London,  printed  for  C.  Rivington,  at  the  Bible 
and  Crown  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  MPCCXXXI? 
The  name  of  "  Nath.  Salmon,  LL.B.  cccc,"  is 
written  on  the  title-page ;  but  it  does  not  appear 
whether  this  is  intended  to  indicate  the  author,  or 
merely  a  former  possessor  of  the  copy  now  lying 


before  me.  From  this  work,  In  which  Burnet, 
Kennett,  and  others  are  very  severely  criticised,  I 
send  a  curious  extract  relating  to  Burnet : 

"  He  puts  me  in  mind  of  a  petty  canon  of  Exeter, 
to  whom  he  used  military  force  upon  refusal  to  alter 
the  prayers  at  his  command  until  he  should  receive  the 
proper  instructions.  He  brought  a  file  of  musqueteers 
upon  him,  and  crammed  his  amendments  down  his 
throat.  This  man,  in  a  journey  to  London,  visited  the 
musical  part  of  the  Church  of  Salisbury,  and  was  as 
usual  asked  to  sing  an  anthem  at  evening  service.  He 
was  a  lover  of  humour,  and  singing  the  137th  Psalm, 
threw  out  his  right  hand  towards  the  bishop's  stall, 
and  with  great  emphasis  pronounced  the  words,  '  If  I 
forget  thee  —  if  I  forget  thee,'  repeating  it  so  often  that 
the  whole  congregation  inquired  after  the  meaning  of 
it.  It  was  from  that  time  ordered  that  no  strange 
songster  should  come  up  more." —  P.  229. 

E.  H.  A. 

[This  work  was  written  by  Nathaniel  Salmon,  who 
was  deprived  of  his  curacy  for  being  a  Nonjuror.  He 
afterwards  settled  as  a  physician  at  Bishop- Stortford 
in  Hertfordshire,  where  he  died  in  1742.  See  a  notice 
of  him,  and  his  other  works,  in  Bowyer's  Anecdotes, 
p.  638.] 

Eden  Pedigree  and  Arms.  —  I  find  in  Gough 
Nicholl's  Topographer  and  Genealogist,  vol.  i. 
p.  173.,  mention  of  a  monument  in  All  Saints' 
Church,  Sudbury,  to  one  of  the  Eden  family  ;  and 
a  pedigree  painted  on  the  east  wall  of  Eden,  much 
defaced,  with. numerous  arms,  date  1615.  Would 
any  of  your  correspondents  kindly  give  me  par- 
ticulars of  this  monument,  pedigree,  and  arms  ? 

ELFFIN  AP  GWYDDNO. 

[The  monument  was  commenced  by  the  second  Sir 
Thomas  Eden  in  1615,  and  contained,  some  years  since, 
an  inscription  upon  brass,  a  limbed  picture,  and  upon 
the  wall,  beneath  the  canopy,  a  pedigree  of  the  mar- 
riages of  the  family  with  those  of  Waldegrave,  Peyton, 
Steward,  Workington,  Harrys,  and  St.  Clere.  The 
whole  having  fallen  into  ruin,  it  became  necessary  in 
1851  to  remove  it.  The  brass  being  gone,  the  follow- 
ing inscription  upon  the  verge  of  the  canopy  alone  was 
visible:  "  This  tombe  was  finished  at  ye  coste  of  Sir 
Thomas  Eden,  Knight,  Maie  16,  1617."  A  large 
mural,  monument  to  the  memory  of  several  of  the  Eden 
family  is  about  to  be  erected  by  its  side.  See  the 
Rev.  Charles  Badham's  History  and  Antiquities  of  All 
Saints'  Church,  Sudbury,  pp.  44-46.  and  162.,  London, 
1852;  who  says  that  the  pedigree  upon  the  wall  has 
been  preserved,  but  does  not  state  where  it  may  be 
seen  :  it  will,  however,  be  found  among  the  Harleian 
MSS.  in  the  British  Museum.] 

The  Gentleman's  Calling. —  Can  any  one  tell 
me  who  was  the  author  of  this  book?  It  was 
printed  in  London  for  T.  Garth  wait,  at  the  little 
north  doore  of  St.  Pauls,  1660.  JOHN  SCRIBE. 

[This  work  is  attributed  to  the  uncertain  author  of 
The  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  and  is  included  among  the 
collected  works  of  that  writer  in  the  folio  edition  of 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  226. 


1729.     Compare   « N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vi.,  p.  537.,  with 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  564.] 

Obs  and  Sols.  —  Burton,  in  his  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy  ("Democritus  to  the  Reader"),  6tli 
edition,  has  the  following  passage  : 

"  Bale,  Erasmus,  Hospinian,  Vives,  Kemnisius,  ex- 
plode, as  a  vast  ocean  of  obs  and  sols,  school  divinity." 
"What  is  the  meaning  of  the  terms  obs  and  sols  f 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

[This  is  a  quaint  abbreviation  of  the  words  objec- 
tiones  et  solutiones,  being  frequently  so  contracted  in 
the  margins  of  books  of  controversial  divinity  to  mark 
the  transitions  from  the  one  to  the  other.  Hence 
Butler  (Hudibras,  in.  ii.  1237.)  has  coined  the  name 
iofob  and  sollers  for  scholastic  disputants  : 

"  But  first,  o'  th'  first :  the  Isle  of  Wight 
Will  rise  up,  if  you  should  deny't ; 
Where  Henderson,  and  the  other  masses, 
Were  sent  to  cap  texts  and  put  cases: 
To  pass  for  deep  and  learned  scholars, 
Although  but  paltry  ob  and  sollers : 
As  if  th'  unseasonable  fools, 
Had  been  a  coursing  in  the  schools."] 

Fystens  or  Fifteenths. —  Can  you  inform  me 
what  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  "  fystens."  In 
looking  over  an  old  corporation  chamber  book 
some  years  ago  I  found  the  following  entries,  of 
which  I  made  extracts : 

"  1587.   Paid  to  Mr.  Mayor  for  fystenes,  iiij.  [sic], 
1589.    Paid  Mr.  Dyston  for  the  fystens,  xxxs. 

More  for  the  fystens,  xxvjs. 
1592.    Paid  for  the  fystenes,  xixs.  iijrf. 

More  for  fystenes,  xxxis.  \\jd.  q. 

1594.  Paid  to  make  up  the  fystenes,  xxxijs.  iijJ. 

1595.  Paid  for  the  fistenies,  xxxs." 

In  a  recent  publication  this  last  entry  is  extracted 
thus : 

"  1595.  Paid  for  the  fifteenths,  30s." 

PATONCE. 

[This  was  the  tribute  or  imposition  of  money  called 
fifteenths,  formerly  laid  upon  cities,  boroughs,  &c.,  so 
called  because  it  amounted  to  a  fifteenth  part  of  that 
which  each  city  or  town  was  valued  at,  or  a  fifteenth 
of  every  man's  personal  estate,  according  to  a  reason- 
able valuation.  In  1588,  on  occasion  of  the  Spanish 
invasion,  the  Parliament  gave  Queen  Elizabeth  two 
subsidies  and  four  fifteenths.] 


HARDMAN'S  ACCOUNT  OF  WATERLOO. 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  199.) 

The  book  for  which  G.  D.  inquires  is,  A  De- 
scriptive Poem  of  the  Battle  of  Waterloo^  and  Two 
previous  Days,  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Carlisle, 
by  Captain  Hardman,  London,  1827,  8vo.,  pp.  28. 


It  appears  from  the  dedication  that  he  was  adju- 
tant to  the  10th  Royal  Hussars,  of  which  the  Hon. 
F.  Howard  was  major.  He  says  : 

"  We  breakfasted  together  in  the  hovel  on  the  18th, 
in  the  morning,  as  stated  in  the  poem ;  and  during  that 
dreadful  bloody  day,  he  and  I  were  frequently  dis- 
coursing about  our  situation ;  the  good  position  occu- 
pied by  us  ;  the  humane  feeling  of  our  brave  Duke  for 
choosing  that  situation  to  save  men's  lives ;  and  once 
during  the  day  our  regiment  was  completely  sheltered; 
all  the  balls  from  the  enemy  flying  over  our  heads, 
except  one  that  dropped  about  six  yards  from  the 
major  and  me.  We  were  at  that  time  dismounted 
about  twenty  minutes,  to  rest  the  horses.  I  took  the 
ball  up  ;  we  looked  at  it,  and  had  a  good  hearty  laugh 
overjrt." 

Here  is  the  description  referred  to  : 

"  At  three  in  the  morning  I  went  to  Major  Howard, — 
'  This  morning,   Major,  is  enough  to  make  us  all 

cowards ; 

Such  a  night  of  heavy  rain  I  never  before  saw, 
It  has  fell  hard  on  my  shoulders  and  made  them  raw; 
But  still  I  am  hearty,  can  I  do  anything  for  you? 
For  on  the  face  of  this  province  I  never  will  rue.' 
'  No,  thank  you,  Hardman,  not  now,  come  by-and- 

by; 

I  have  lain  in  this  place  till  my  neck  's  all  awry. 
My  servant  is  getting  a  light,  then  a  letter  I  write ; 
But  I  am  so  excessively  cold  I  cannot  one  indite. 
He  shall  then  make  a  fire,  and  set  water  over, 
Come  in  an  hour  and  live  with  me  in  clover ; 
We  will  have  some  coffee  and  some  fat  fowl  too, 
Then  we  can  face  the  French  well  at  Waterloo !' 
'Thank  you,  Major,  I  will  do  myself  the  honour, 
That  will  be  better  than  being  sat  on  by  the  coroner." 

P.  12. 

The  prose  description  of  the  charge  is  clear  and 
vivid : 

"  When  we  advanced  to  decide  the  destiny  of  the 
day,  our  right  squadron  was  in  front,  led  on  by  the 
brave  Major-General  Sir  H.  Vivian,  commanding  our 
brigade ;  Lord  Robert  Manners  commanding  our  regi- 
ment ;  Major  Howard  commanding  the  right  squadron ; 
and  I,  the  adjutant,  in  front  with  those  officers.  Just 
as  we  began  to  advance,  I  said,  '  Major,  what  a  grand 
sight  we  have  before  us  ! '  '  Yes,  it  is,'  said  the  major. 
These  were  the  last  words  he  spoke,  for  in  half  a 
minute  afterwards  we  were  right  amongst  them,  slash- 
ing away;  then  there  was  no  time  to  talk.  We  quickly 
made  them  turn  their  backs  towards  us  ;  but  there  was 
one  square  of  infantry  that  stood  firm.  That  square 
made  sad  havoc  among  us.  The  major  was  killed  by 
that  square.  He  was  not  six  yards  from  the  muzzles 
of  the  French  firelocks  when  he  was  shot.  He  fell  off 
his  horse,  and,  I  believe,  never  moved  a  finger;  but  I 
had  not  a  moment's  time  to  stop,  for  we  had  not  then 
cleared  the  field.  This,  my  lord,  is  a  true  account  of 
the  last  moments  of  your  lordship's  late  son,  and  one  of 
the  best  friends  I  ever  had." —  P.  iv. 
"  We  then  drove  their  cavalry  past  a  solid  square  mass; 

This  mass  stood  firm  against  us,  like  solid  brass. 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


177 


This  is  the  place  where  Hon.  Major  F.  Howard  was 

killed, 
That  grieved  my   mind  sorely  and  my  poor  heart 

thrilled."— P.  19. 

Then  follow  some  reflections  which  I  abstain 
from  quoting,  as  the  way  in  which  they  are  ex- 
pressed would  produce  an  effect  quite  contrary 
to  the  author's  intentions.  The  burial  is  thus 
described  : 

"  I  ordered  the  party  to  mount  their  horses, 

And  proceed  to  carry  off  and  bury  all  our  losses. 

The  party  assemble  here,  now  instantly  move  for- 
ward : 

Serjeant,  take  care  where  you  bury  Major  Howard. 

Take  two  objects  in  view,  or  three  if  you  can, 

Then  you  will  be  sure  to  find  him  again  ! 

He  lies  in  the  hollow,  not  far  from  the  French 
guns. 

Bury  him  by  their  side,  but  not  where  water  runs." 

P.  21. 

The  criticism  of  the  note  quoted  by  G.  D.  is 
sound  :  "  Hardman  was  no  poet,  but  he  could 
describe  graphically  what  he  saw  and  did."  The 
poem  seems  to  have  been  the  result  of  a  sudden 
thought.  In  the  dedication  he  says  it  was  not 
begun  till  May  18,  and  "A  Letter  to  the  Right 
Hon.  George  Canning,"  appended  to  it,  is  dated 
June  4.  In  the  letter  he  says,  that  if  he  "  can  get 
into  the  printing-house  again  without  loss,"  he 
will  answer  Mr.  Canning  effectually  on  the  Ca- 
tholic question.  He  also  hopes  "  to  get  before 
the  public  every  week,"  and  "to  show  that  all 
gentlemen  professing  the  law  are  the  most  abused, 
and  at  the  same  time  more  honest  than  any  other 
class  in  this  kingdom."  Had  the  last-mentioned 
hope  been  fulfilled,  I  think  I  should  have  heard 
of  it.  I  have  not  met  with  any  other  work  bear- 
ing Captain  Hardman's  name  ;  and  probably  his 
printer's  bill  (he  was  his  own  publisher)  put  an 
end  to  his  literary  career. 

I  subjoin  two  specimens  of  the  poem  which, 
though  not  relating  to  the  subject  of  G.  D.'s 
Query,  may  be  interesting  if  you  have  room  for 
them,  as  such  poetry  is  not  published  every  day. 
An  exhortation  to  good  conduct  ends  thus  : 

"  Therefore  let  us  prepare,  the  call  may  be  very  soon ; 

Then  we  shall  not  despair,  if  the  call  be  made  before 
7  noon : 

But  if  our  sins  weigh  us  down,  what  misery  and 
woe  ! 

Ah  !  devils  all  slily  squinting,  and  to  them  we  must 
go. 

Their  eyes  are  flames  of  fire,  their  tongues  are  fright- 
ful darts, 

Their  looks  a  venomous  ire,  ready  to  pierce  our  feeble 
hearts, 

Their  cloven  feet  of  enmity,  their  taily  stings  so 
long, 

Their  poisonous  hearts  of  calomel,  daily  forming  vi- 
cious songs." — P.  12. 


The  other  describes  his  own  narrow  escape,  and 
the  death  of  an  artilleryman: 

"  A  ball  from  their  infantry  went  through  my  jacket, 
Took  the  skin  off  my  side,  and  made  me  racket. 
My  sword-belt  turned  it,  otherwise  through  it  must 

have  gone. 
The  stroke  was  very  severe,  compare  it  to  a  sharp 

gore. 

Captain  Fitzroy  said,  «  Harding  is  severely  wounded  ; 
A  ball  has  gone  through  his   side :    here  it  comes, 

rounded  ! ' 

« Stop,'  said  I,  « a  minute ;  I  shall  be  ready  for  ano- 
ther shot, 
I  have  now  gotten  my  breath  again,  I  will  make  them 

rot.' 

I  then  said  to  a  gunner  who  was  alleviating  a  gun, 
'Which  of  those   columns  do  you  mean  to  makq 

run  ?' 
'That,'  said  he,  pointing  with  his  finger  to  a  very 

large  mass. 

A  ball  came  that  instant  and  turned  him  into  brass. 
It  cut  him  in  two ;  he  then  turned  as  yellow  as  that 

metal. 
He  was  a  strange  sight  to  see,  and  appeared  quite 

brittle."— P.  16. 

H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  C. 


DATES    OF   BIRTHS    AND    DEATHS    OF    THE   PUB- 
TENDERS. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  565.) 

Though  it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the 
dates  in  question  are  not  recorded  on  the  Stuart 
monument  in  St.  Peter's,  yet  the  deficiency  is  in 
part  supplied  by  the  cenotaph  raised  to  the  me- 
mory of  his  elder  brother  by  Cardinal  York,  in 
his  cathedral  church  at  Frascati.  From  it  we 
find  that  Charles  Edward  deceased  on  31st  Ja- 
nuary, 1788,  at  the  age  of  sixty-seven  years  and 
one  month.  This  date  also  fixes  the  year  of  his 
birth  at  1720,  and  the  month  December;  most 
probably  the  28th,  though  often  given  as  the  31st. 
We  give  a  copy  of  the  inscription  below. 

The  date  of  the  birth  and  decease  of  James  III. 
is  correctly  given  in  "  1ST.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  565. 

An  account  of  the  sepulchral  monument  of  the 
last  of  the  Stuarts  may  interest  the  readers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  In  the  south  aisle  of  St.  Peter's,  and 
against  the  first  pier  of  the  nave,  is  the  monument 
of  the  Stuarts.  It  was  sculptured  by  Canova  to 
the  memory  of  James,  the  old  Pretender  ;  Charles 
Edward,  the  young  Pretender ;  and  Henry  Bene- 
dict, the  Cardinal,  who  was  known  in  Rome  as 
Cardinal  York.  Part  of  the  expense  of  the  mo- 
nument was  defrayed  by  George  IV.,  who  sent  a 
donation  of  fifty  pounds  for  the  purpose  to 
Pius  VII.  The  monument  is  built  on  to  the  ma- 
sonry of  the  pier,  of  white  marble,  about  fifteen 
feet  high,  and  is  in  the  form  of  the  fru strum  of  a 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  226. 


pyramid,  and  surmounted  above  the  entablature 
by  the  royal  arms  of  England.  Below  the  arms 
are  profile  portraits  in  bas-relief  of  James,  Charles 
Edward,  and  Henry  Benedict,  surmounted  by  a 
festoon  of  flowers.  Beneath  the  portraits  is  the 
following  inscription  : 

"Jacobo  III. 
Jacobi  II.  Magnae  Brit,  regis  filio, 

Karolo  Edvardo, 
Et  Henrico,  decano  Patrum  Cardinalium, 

Jacobi  III.  filiis, 

Regia?  Stirpis  Stuardias  postremis. 

A.D.  MDCCCXIX. 

Beati  mortui, 

Qui  in  Domino  moriuntur." 

There  is  a  representation  of  panelled  doors,  as 
if  leading  to  a  vault,  below  the  inscription,  though 
their  sepulchre  is  not  in  this  locality  ;  a  small  tri- 
angular slab  of  marble  surmounts  the  door,  with 
the  words  "  Beati  mortui,"  &c.  A  weeping  angel 
in  bas-relief  guards  the  doorway  on  each  side ;  the 
head  of  each  angel  resting  on  the  bosom,  the 
wings  drooping,  the  hands  elevated,  joined  to- 
gether, and  resting  on  the  end  of  an  extinguished 
and  inverted  torch.  The  figures  of  the  two  angels 
are  exquisitely  beautiful,  and  among  Canova's 
finest  works. 

The  bodies,  however,  of  these  last  representa- 
tives of  a  fallen  line  are  not  buried  beneath  this 
monument,  but  in  the  crypt  under  the  dome,  and 
in  that  portion  of  it  called  the  "  Grotte  Vecchie." 
There,  in  the  first  aisle  to  the  left  on  entering, 
against  the  wall,  a  tomb  about  six  feet  long  by 
three  broad  contains  all  that  remains  of  the  ashes 
of  the  last  of  the  Stuarts.  Over  it  is  a  plain  slab 
of  marble,  with  an  inscription  to  announce  that 
this  is  the  burial-place  of"  James  III.,  Charles  III., 
and  Henry  IX.,  Kings  of  England."  Even  in 
death  this  royal  race  has  not  abandoned  the  claim 
they  were  unable  to  enforce. 

Opposite  to  this  monument  is  the  monument  of 
Maria  Clementina,  daughter  of  James  Sobieski, 
and  grand-daughter  of  John  Sobieski,  King  of 
Poland,  wife  of  James  III.,  and  mother  of  Charles 
Edward  and  Henry  Benedict.  She  married  on 
3rd  September,  1719,  and  died  at  Rome  on  18th 
January,  1735.  The  monument  stands  against 
the  wall  over  the  door  leading  to  the  staircase  by 
which  the  public  ascend  to  the  cupola.  Pietro 
Bracci  carved  the  monument  from  the  design  of 
Filippo  Barigioni,  consisting  of  a  pyramid  of  por- 
phyry on  a  base  of  Porta  Santa  marble,  the  whole 
relieved  by  a  ground  of  blue  sky  and  clouds 
painted  on  the  wall.  Under  the  elevated  pyramid 
is  the  sarcophagus  of  porphyry,  above  which  are 
two  marble  statues,  one  of  Charity,  and  the  other 
of  an  infant,  which  support  a  circular  medallion 
portrait  in  mosaic,  of  Maria  Clementina,  by  Cav. 
Cristofori,  from  a  painting  by  Lewis  Stern.  Dra- 
pery of  Sicilian  alabaster,  with  a  fringe  of  gilded 


bronze,  falls  in  ample  folds  on  both  sides  of  the 
sarcophagus,  which  is  flanked  by  two  angels,  one 
holding  a  crown  and  the  other  a  sceptre ;  and  upon 
it  the  words  are  carved  "  Maria  Clementina  M. 
Britann.  Fr.  et  Hibern.  Regina."  It  was  erected 
by  the  "  Fabbrica  di  S.  Pietro,"  at  the  cost  of 
18,000  scudi.  There  is  another  monument  in 
Rome  to  Maria  Clementina,  and  it  is  in  the  church 
of  the  SS.  Apostoli,  in  the  nave,  upon  the  second 
pier  on  the  right-hand  side.  It  contains  her 
heart,  and  consists  of  a  circular  urn  of  verde 
antico,  surmounted  by  a  crown,  over  which  two 
angels  hover,  of  white  marble ;  and  below,  a 
tablet  of  rosso  antico,  bearing  an  inscription,  thus  : 

"  Maria?  Clementinae  Magnae  Britanniae 
Etc.  Reginas,  Fratres  Min.  Cons,  venerabundi  pp. 

Hie  Clementinas  remanent  praecordia,  nam  cor 
Caelestis  fecit  ne  superesset  amor." 

Charles  Edward  has  also  another  monument  in 
addition  to  the  one  in  St.  Peter's,  namely,  at  Fras- 
cati,  fourteen  miles  from  Rome,  of  which  see  Car- 
dinal York  was  bishop.  Its  position  is  to  the  left 
of  the  great  entrance  door ;  the  inscription  runs 
thus: 

"  Hie  situs  est  Karolus  Odoardus,  cui  pater  Ja- 
cobus III.,  Rex  Apglise,  Scotia?,  Francia?,  Hibernias, 
primus  natorum,  paterni  juris  et  regiaa  dignitatis  suc- 
cessor et  haeres,  qui,  domicilio  sibi  Romae  delecto, 
Comes  Albanyensis  dictus  est.  Vixit  annos  LXVII  et 
mensem  :  decessit  in  pace  )j£  pridie  Kal.  Febr.  anno 

MDCCLXXXVHI. 

"  Henricus  Card.  Episc.  Tusculan.,  cui  paterna  jura 
titulique  cessere,  Duels  Eboracensis  appellatione  re- 
sumpta,  in  ipso  luctu  amori  et  reverential  obsequutus, 
indicto  in  templum  suum  funere  multis  cum  lacrimis 
praesens  justa  persolvit  fratri  augustissimo,  honorem- 
que  sepulchri  ampliorem  destinavit." 

Henry  Benedict,  or  Cardinal  York,  was  born 
at  Rome  on  6th  of  March,  1725.  He  was  Bishop 
of  Ostia  and  Velletri,  Dean  of  the  Sacred  College, 
Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Roman  Church,  Arch- 
priest  of  St.  Peter's,  and  Prefect  of  the  Fabric  of 
St.  Peter's.  He  deceased  at  Frascati  in  July,  1807. 
In  the  church  at  Frascati,  on  the  left  hand  of  the 
entrance  into  the  sanctuary,  there  is  a  monument 
in  his  honour ;  but  I  have  not  a  copy  of  the  in- 
scription. 

It  is  needless  to  add  that  though  all  these  mo- 
numents are  made  of  the  richest  marbles,  and  at 
great  cost,  the  effect  produced  by  them  as 
Christian  sepulchral  monuments  is  unsatisfactory 
in  the  extreme.  The  inscriptions  upon  them  are 
in  equally  bad  taste.  CEYREP. 


FEB.  25.  1854J 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179 


"  COULD    WE    WITH   INK,       ETC. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  648.,  &c.) 

I  agree  with  your  learned  correspondent  MR. 
MARGOLIOUTH,  that  the  authorship  of  the  lines 
alluded  to  must  be  ascertained  by  comparing  the 
whole,  and  not  by  a  single  expression.  It  seems 
to  me  highly  probable  that  they  were  suggested, 
either  by  the  Chaldee  hymn  quoted  by  your  cor- 
respondent, or  by  the  lines  of  Chaucer,  quoted 
"N".  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  180.  I  cannot,  however, 
agree  that  the  popular  lines  in  question  are  a 
translation  of  the  Chaldee  hymn.  The  improba- 
bility will  appear,  if  we  compare  them  (as  given 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  127.)  with  the  following 
version  of  the  hymn ;  which,  although  metrical, 
will  be  found  sufficiently  literal : 

"  To  write  the  eternal  power  of  God,  no  effort  would 

suffice  ; 
Although,  such  writing  to  contain,  the  volume  were 

the  skies  ; 
Each  reed  a  pen ;  and  for  the  ink,  the  waters  of  the 

sea; 
And  though  each  dweller  on  the  earth,  an  able  scribe 

should  be." 

This  hymn,  I  admit,  is  more  succinct  than  the 
popular  lines ;  but  at  the  same  time  I  cannot  but 
think  that  its  author  was  indebted  to  the  passage 
in  the  Koran  ("  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  422.), 
immediately,  or  through  Chaucer ;  who  has  not 
only  the  general  sentiment  as  there  found,  but 
also  — 

"  Eche  sticke  a  pen,  eche  man  a  scrivener  able." 

I  am  equally  convinced,  that  Mahomet  himself 
took  the  thought  from  the  passage  in  the  New 
Testament,  as  suggested  by  your  correspondent 
E.  Gr.  R.  Each  successive  writer  appears  to  have 
added  something  to  what  he  borrowed.  But 
when  the  Evangelist,  John,  had  said,  "  The  world 
itself  would  not  be  able  to  contain  the  books  that 
should  be  written,"  it  was  easy  for  one  writer  to 
suppose  an  inkstand  capacious  as  the  sea  ;  and  for 
another  to  supply  parchment,  pens,  and  scribes 
ad  libitum.  That  the  phrase  in  the  Koran  should 
now  be  common  in  the  East,  is  not  wonderful, 
considering  the  extent  to  which  Mahomedanism 
has  prevailed  there.  After  all,  I  do  not  think 
that  the  additions  are  any  very  great  improve- 
ments. Without  disputing  about  tastes,  I  may 
say  at  least  that,  for  my  own  part,  I  greatly  prefer 
the  simplicity  of  the  original  idea,  as  expressed  by 
the  beloved  disciple.  J.  W.  THOMAS. 

Dcwsbury. 


MACKEYS  THEORY  OF  THE  EARTH. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  468.  565. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  89.) 
A  friend  called  on  me  this  morning  with  the 
Number  containing   a  notice   of  S.  A.  Mackey, 


supposing  that,  being  a  neighbour,  I  could  furnish 
a  few  particulars  of  that  extraordinary  man.  The 
whole  of  his  MSS.  came  into  my  possession  after 
his  demise.  Amongst  these  was  a  MS.  of  his 
Life,  written  by  himself,  and  of  which  I  took  a 
faithful  copy  :  which  I  have  transcribed  for  gen- 
tlemen who  wish  to  possess  a  copy.  I  am  ready 
to  furnish  any  gentleman  with  a  copy,  neatly 
written,  book  included,  for  5s.  It  consists  of 
fifty-two  pages  large  demy  4to,  The  original  is 
in  the  possession  of  a  Mr.  Brereton  of  Flitcham, 
near  Lynn,  Norfolk,  to  whom  I  sold  all  the 
MSS.,  Mr.  Brereton  being  an  intimate  friend  of 
S.  A.  Mackey. 

I  have  on  sale  a  copy  of  Mr.  Mackey 's  Works, 
selected  by  Mr.  Shickle,  another  intimate  friend ; 
neatly  done  up  in  coloured  cloth.  Also  a  copy  of 
his  Mythological  Astronomy,  with  copious  notes, 
in  one  hundred  pages.  Also,  an  Appendix  of 
forty-eight  pages.  And  another  copy  of  the  MS. 
Astronomy,  with  notes  ;  but  minus  the  Appendix. 

I  may  as  well  inform  you,  that  a  friend  of  mine 
has  in  his  possession  a  half-length  full-size  por- 
trait of  Mr.  Mackey  ;  admirably  executed,  and  in 
prime  condition,  in  a  handsome  frame.  I  believe 
it  is  for  sale.  I  assure  you,  when  I  first  saw  it,  I 
felt  at  the  moment  a  kind  of  impulse  to  shake 
hands  with  my  old  friend  and  neighbour. 

I  shall  feel  great  pleasure  in  answering  any 
inquiries,  so  far  as  my  knowledge  extends.  His 
Life  is  truly  interesting ;  being  that  of  a  man  born 
in  sorrow,  and  cradled  in  adversity.  Like  him,  I 
am  a  self-taught  humble  individual,  and  in  my 
eighty-second  year.  J.  DAWSON. 

15.  Doughty's  Hospital,  Calvert  Street,  Norwich. 

In  July,  1830,  Sampson  Arnold  Mackey  deli- 
vered a  course  of  six  "  astro-historical  lectures  " 
in  a  large  room  near  the  Philanthropic  Institution. 
The  attendance  was  full,  considering  the  subject, 
and  I  was  surprised  at  the  admiration  which  many 
well-educated  persons  expressed  for  his  strange 
theories,  to  which  they  seemed  to  give  full  assent. 
To  me  his  calculations  and  etymologies  appeared 
as  good  as  those  of  Pluche,  Sir  W.  Drummond, 
Volney,  and  Dupuis,  but  no  better.  I  met  him  at 
the  house  of  the  late  Dr.  Wright,  then  resident  phy- 
sician to  Bethlehem  Hospital.  He  was  quiet  and 
unassuming  ;  but  so  perfectly  satisfied  that  he  had 
proved  his  system,  that  though  ready  to  explain, 
he  declined  to  answer  objections,  or  defend  his 
opinions.  As  «,  remarkable  example  of  "  the 
pursuit  of  knowledge  under  difficulties,"  he  ex- 
cited sympathy,  and  I  believe  that  he  disposed  of 
all  the  copies  of  his  various  works  then  unsold. 

H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  226. 


DO    CONJUNCTIONS   JOIN   PROPOSITIONS   ONLY  ? 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  514.  629.) 

As  my  name  appears  to  have  been  referred  to 
by  two  of  your  correspondents,  MB.  INGLEBY  and 
II.  C.  K.,  in  connexion  with  the  above  question, 
I  request  to  be  permitted  to  state  my  real  views 
upon  it,  together  with  the  grounds  upon  which 
they  rest.  In  doing  this  I  can  only  directly  refer 
to  the  observations  of  H.  C.  K.,  not  having  seen 
those  of  MR.  INGLEBY  to  which  he  makes  allusion. 

Admitting  that  there  are  many  conjunctions 
which  connect  propositions  only,  I  am  unable  to 
coincide  with  the  view  of  my  friend  Dr.  Latham 
and  other  grammarians,  that  the  property  is  uni- 
versal. And  I  agree  with  MR.  INGLEBY,  as  quoted 
by  H.  C.  K.,  in  thinking  that  the  incorrectness  of 
that  view  may  be  proved.  We  possess  the  power 
of  conceiving  of  any  distinct  classes  of  things,  as 
"trees,"  "flowers,"  &c.  And  we  possess  the  power 
of  connecting  such  conceptions  in  thought,  so  as 
to  form,  for  instance,  the  conception  of  that  col- 
lection of  things  which  consists  of  "trees  and 
flowers"  together.  If  we  possess  the  power  of 
performing  this  mental  operation,  we  have  clearly 
also  the  power  of  expressing  it  by  a  sign.  This 
sign  is  the  conjunction  "and."  It  is  assumed, 
what  consciousness  indeed  makes  evident,  that 
the  power  of  forming  conceptions  is  antecedent 
to  that  of  forming  judgments  expressed  by  pro- 
positions. 

But  even  if  we  proceed  to  form  a  judgment,  as 
"  trees  and  flowers  exist,"  it  may  still  be  shown 
that  the  conjunction  "  and "  connects  the  sub- 
stantives "trees,"  "flowers,"  and  not  propositions. 
For  if  we  reduce  the  given  proposition  to  the 
form,  "  trees  exist  and  flowers  exist,"  the  con- 
junction becomes  wholly  superfluous.  It  adds 
nothing  whatever  to  the  meaning  of  the  separate 
propositions,  "trees  exist,"  "flowers  exist."  Omit, 
however,  the  conjunction  between  the  substan- 
tives in  the  original  proposition,  and  the  sense  is 
wholly  lost.  What  meaning  can  we  attach,  ex- 
cept by  a  convention,  to  the  form  of  words  "trees 
flowers  exist."  Now  there  is,  I  conceive,  no  more 
obvious  principle  in  grammar  than  that  the  doc- 
trine of  the  elements  of  speech  should  be  founded 
upon  the  examination  of  instances  in  which  they 
have  a  real  meaning — in  which  their  employment 
is  essential,  not  accidental. 

It  is  doubtless  one  of  the  consequences  of  the 
neglect  of  this  principle,  that  the  older  gram- 
marians have  made  it  a  part  of  the  definition  of 
a  conjunction,  that  it  is  a  word  "  devoid  of  signi- 
fication" (<$><avi]  &n?Aios).  See  references  in  Harris, 
p.  240.  Were  the  philosophy  of  grammar  founded, 
as  alone  it  truly  can  be,  upon  the  laws  of  thought, 
I  venture  to  think  that  such  statements  would  no 
longer  be  accepted. 


If  the  views  which  I  have  expressed  needed 
confirmation,  they  would  to  my  own  mind  derive 
it  from  the  circumstance,  that  on  applying  to  the 
original  proposition  that  "  mathematical  analysis 
of  logic  "  to  which  H.  C.  K.  refers  (not,  I  think, 
without  a  shade  of  scorn),  it  is  resolved  into  the 
elementary  propositions,  "trees  exist,"  "flowers 
exist,"  unconnected  by  any  sign. 

Let  us  take,  as  a  second  example,  the  propo- 
sition, "  All  trees  are  endogens  or  exogens."  If 
the  subject,  "  all  trees,"  is  to  be  retained,  there  is, 
I  conceive,  but  one  way  in  which  the  above  pro- 
position can  mentally  be  formed.  We  form  the 
conception  of  that  collection  of  things  which  com- 
prises endogens  and  exogens  together,  and  we 
refer,  by  an  act  of  judgment,  "  all  trees  "  to  that 
collection.  And  thus  the  subject  " all  trees"  re- 
maining unchanged,  the  conjunction  "or"  connects 
the  terms  of  the  predicate,  as  the  conjunction 
"  and  "  in  the  previous  example  connected  those 
of  the  subject.  I  am  prepared  to  show  that  this 
is  the  only  view  of  the  proposition  consistent  with 
its  strictly  logical  use.  If  H.  C.  K.  insist  upon 
the  resolution  "  any  tree  is  an  endogen,  or  it  is  an 
exogen,"  I  would  ask  him  to  define  the  word  "it." 
He  cannot  interpret  it  as  "  any  tree,"  for  the  reso- 
lution would  then  be  invalid.  It  must  be  applied 
to  a  particular  tree,  and  then  the  proposition  re- 
solved is  really  a  "  singular "  one,  and  not  the 
proposition  whose  subject  is  "  all  trees." 

Not  only  do  conjunctions  in  certain  cases  couple 
words,  but  in  so  doing  they  manifest  the  dominion 
of  mental  laws  and  the  operation  of  mental  pro- 
cesses, which,  though  never  yet  recognised  by 
grammarians  and  logicians,  form  an  indispensable 
part  of  the  only  basis  upon  which  logic  as  a  science 
can  rest.  And  however  strange  the  assertion  may 
appear,  I  do  not  hesitate  to  affirm  that  the  science 
thus  established  is  a  mathematici  1  one.  I  do  not 
by  this  mean  that  its  subject  is  the  same  as  that 
of  arithmetic  or  geometry.  It  is  not  the  quan- 
titative element  to  which  the  term  is  intended  to 
refer.  But  I  hold,  with,  I  believe,  an  increasing 
school  of  mathematicians,  that  the  processes  of 
mathematics,  as  such,  do  not  depend  upon  the 
nature  of  the  subjects  to  which  they  are  applied, 
but  upon  the  nature  of  the  laws  to  which  those 
subjects,  when  they  pass  under  the  dominion  of 
human  thought,  become  obedient.  Now  the  ulti- 
mate laws  of  the  processes  which  are  subsidiary 
to  general  reasoning,  such  as  attention,  concep- 
tion, abstraction,  as  well  as  of  those  processes 
which  are  more  immediately  involved  in  inference, 
are  such  as  to  admit  of  perfect  and  connected  de- 
velopment in  a  mathematical  form  alone.  We  may 
indeed,  without  any  systematic  investigation  of 
those  laws,  collect  together  a  system  of  rules  and 
canons,  and  investigate  their  common  principle. 
This  the  genius  of  Aristotle  has  done.  But  we 
cannot  thus  establish  general  methods.  Above  all, 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


181 


•we  cannot  thus  establish  such  methods  as  may 
really  guide  us  where  the  unassisted  intellect 
would  be  lost  amid  the  complexity  or  subtlety  of 
the  combinations  involved.  How  small,  for  in- 
stance, is  the  aid  which  we  derive  from  the  ordi- 
nary doctrines  of  the  logicians  in  questions  in 
which  we  have  to  consider  the  operation  of  mixed 
causes  and  in  various  departments  of  statistical 
and  social  inquiry,  in  which  the  intellectual  diffi- 
culty is  almost  wholly  a  logical  one. 

For  the  ground  upon  which  some  of  these  state- 
ments are  made,  I  must  refer  to  my  recently- 
published  work  on  the  Laws  of  Thought.  I  trust 
to  your  courtesy  to  insert  these  remarks,  and  apo- 
logise for  the  undesigned  length  to  which  they 
have  extended.  G.  BOOLE. 

Queen's  College,  Cork. 


ROBERT    BLOET. 


(Vol.  ix.,  p.  105.) 

Kobert,  Earl  of  Moreton,  and  Odo,  Bishop  of 
Bayeux,  the  Conqueror's  uterine  brothers,  both 
accompanied  William,  acting  conspicuous  parts  on 
his  invasion  of  England  in  1066.  The  former  died 
about  1090.  Odo  had  been  elected  Bishop  as  far 
back  as  1049.  In  1088  he  headed  a  conspiracy 
against  William  II. ;  but  being  defeated  at  Roches- 
ter, retired  to  Normandy.  The  time  of  his  death 
is  uncertain,  but  is  supposed  to  have  occurred  in 
1096. 

The  first  notice  of  Robert  Bloet's  name,  is  as  a 
witness  to  one  of  the  charters  of  William  II.  to 
the  monastery  of  Durham,  granted  in  1088  or 
1089.  He  was  appointed  Chancellor  in  1090,  con- 
secrated Bishop  of  Lincoln  in  1093,  and  died  in 
1123. 

These  dates  plainly  prove  that  he  was  not 
"identical"  with  Robert,  Earl  of  Moreton ;  and 
scarcely  could  be  called  cotemporary  with  him. 

His  supposed  relationship  to  Odo  is  affirmed  by 
Richardson,  in  his  notes  to  Godwin  de  Pramlibus, 
from  an  expression  in  his  grant  of  the  manor  of 
Charleton  to  the  priory  of  Bermondsey  (Claud. 
A.  8.,  f.  118.,  MSS.  Hutton)  ;  in  which  he  says, 
"  quod  pro  salute  animse  Dom.  mei  Willelmi  Regis, 
etfratris  mei  Bajocens.  Episcopi."  If  Odo  be  the 
Bishop  here  intended,  the  meaning  of  "  fratris 
mei"  may  be  translated,  not  in  the  natural,  but  in 
the  episcopal  sense,  as  brother  of  his  order.  But 
the  grant  is  probably  a  forgery,  or  its  date  of  1093 
incorrect,  for  at  that  time  Odo  was  in  exile  ;  and 
Bloet  would  have  scarcely  ventured  to  insult  the 
king,  from  whom  he  had  just  received  rewards 
and  advancement,  by  coupling  with  his  the  name 
of  one  who  had  been  banished  as  a  traitor. 

For  farther  particulars,  allow  me  to  refer  your 
correspondent  MR.  SANSOM  to  The  Judges  of 
England,  vol.  i.  p.  103.  EDWARD  Foss. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

A  Hint  to  the  Photographic  Society.  —  It  lias  been 
objected  to  this  Society,  that  beyond  the  establishment 
of  its  Journal,  and  the  forming  of  an  Exhibition,  it  has 
done  very  little  to  promote  the  improvement  of  the 
beautiful  art  it  was  specially  intended  to  advance. 
Such  objections  are  very  easily  urged  ;  but  those  who 
make  them  should  at  least  propose  a  remedy.  It  is  in 
no  unfriendly  spirit  that  we  allude  to  these  complaints; 
and  we  well  know  how  difficult  it  is  for  a  body  like 
the  Photographic  Society  to  take  any  important  step 
which  shall  not  be  liable  to  misconstruction.  We 
would  however  suggest,  that  among  those  endeavours 
which  it  would  become  the  Society  to  make,  there  is 
one  which  might  at  once  be  taken,  namely,  to  secure 
for  the  photographic  public  a  good  paper.  The  want 
of  such  an  article  is  hourly  felt.  If  the  Photographic 
Society,  following  the  example  of  the  Society  of  Arts, 
should  appoint  a  Committee  to  take  this  matter  into 
consideration,  to  define  clearly  and  unmistakeably  the 
essentials  of  a  good  negative  paper  for  calotypes  (for 
perhaps  it  would  be  well  to  keep  to  a  good  negative 
paper),  and  offer  a  premium  for  its  production,  a  very 
short  time  would  elapse  before  specimens  of  such  an 
article  would  be  submitted  for  examination.  It  is 
clear  that  the'premium  need  be  one  only  of  small  pe- 
cuniary value;  for  the  fact  of  a  maker  having  produced 
such  an  hrticlc  as  should  gain  the  prize,  would  secure 
him  an  ample  recompense  in  the  enormous  demand 
which  would  instantly  arise  for  a  paper  which  should 
be  stamped  with  the  public  approval  of  a  body  en- 
titled to  speak  with  so  much  authority  on  such  a  sub- 
ject as  the  Council  of  the  Photographic  Society. 

Test  for  Nitrate  of  Silver.  —  The  READER  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHIC WORKS,  who  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  111.,  asked  for 
information  as  to  how  he  might  know  whether  nitrate 
of  silver  was  pure,  can  detect  any  impurities  with 
which  that  salt  is  likely  to  be  contaminated,  by  apply- 
ing a  few  simple  tests  to  an  aqueous  solution  of  it. 
The  impurities  which  nitrate  of  silver  most  frequently 
contains  are  nitrate  of  copper,  nitrate  of  potash,  and 
free  nitric  acid.  It  is  also  sometimes  intentionally 
adulterated  with  nitrate  of  lead.  The  presence  of  a 
salt  of  copper  is  detected  by  the  solution  assuming  a 
blue  colour  when  mixed  with  an  excess  of  ammonia. 
To  detect  nitrate  of  potash,  hydrochloric  acid  should 
be  added  to  the  solution  in  sufficient  quantity  to  pre- 
cipitate the  whole  of  the  silver.  The  liquid  should 
then  be  freed  from  the  precipitate  by  filtration,  and 
evaporated;  if  nitrate  of  potash  is  present,  a  fixed  re- 
sidue will  remain  after  evaporation.  The  presence  of 
a  salt  of  lead  is  detected  by  adding  a  few  drops  of  sul- 
phuric acid  to  the  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver,  which 
precipitates  the  lead  as  sulphate  if  present.  It  is, 
however,  necessary  to  dilute  the  acid  with  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  water,  and,  if  any  precipitate  forms,  to 
allow  it  to  subside  previous  to  using  it  as  a  test  for 
lead,  as  ordinary  sulphuric  acid  is  frequently  conta- 
minated with  sulphate  of  lead,  which  is  soluble  in  the 
strong,  but  not  in  dilute,  acid. 

Any  free  nitric  acid  in  the  nitrate  of  silver  can  be 
detected  by  the  smell.  The  crystals  can  be  freed  from 


182 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  226. 


it,  should  they  contain  any,  by  fusing  them  in  a  por- 
celain crucible  over  a  spirit-lamp.  The  ordinary  fused 
lunar  caustic  of  the  surgeon  is  unfit  for  general  use  as 
a  photographic  agent.  J.  LEACHMAN. 

Professor  Hunt's  Photographic  Studies.  —  My  atten- 
tion has  just  been  directed  to  a  "  Practical  Photo 
graphic  Query"  in  your  Journal,  Vol.  ix.,  p.  41.,  which 
appears  to  require  a  reply  from  me.  It  is  quite  evi- 
dent that  your  correspondent,  notwithstanding  the 
personal  respect  which  he  professes  to  entertain,  cannot 
have  any  intimate  knowledge  of  either  my  works  or 
my  studies.  Allow  me  to  make  my  position  clear  to 
him  and  other  of  your  readers.  My  first  photographic 
experiment  dates  from  January  28,  1839,  and  since 
that  period  the  investigation  of  the  chemical  phenomena 
of  the  solar  rays  has  been  the  constant  employment  of 
all  the  leisure  which  a  busy  life  has  afforded  me.  The 
production  of  photographic  pictures  has  never  been  the 
ultimate  object  at  which  I  have  aimed,  although  my 
researches  have  caused  me  to  obtain  thousands.  My 
object  has  been,  and  is,  to  endeavour  to  obtain  some 
light  into  the  mysteries  of  the  radiant  force  with  which 
the  photographic  artist  works,  being  quite  content  to 
leave  the  production  of  beautiful  images  to  other  ma- 
nipulators. 

As  I  write  on  the  subject,  it  appears,  of  course,  ne- 
cessary that  I  should  be  familiar  with  all  the  details  of 
manipulation  in  each  process  which  I  may  describe. 
Whenever  I  have  mentioned,  in  either  of  my  works,  a 
process  with  which  I  have  not  been  entirely  familiar, 
I  have  given  the  name  of  the  authority  upon  whom  I 
have  depended.  But  there  will  not  be  found  in  either 
my  Photography,  or  my  Researches  on  Light  (of  which 
a  greatly  enlarged  edition  will  soon  be  submitted  to 
the  public),  any  one  process  upon  which  I  have  not 
made  such  experiments  as  appeared  to  me  necessary 
to  my  understanding  the  rationale  of  the  chemical 
changes  involved,  and  of  the  physical  phenomena 
which  arise. 

Now,  since  it  is  not  necessary  to  select  a  picturesque 
object  to  instruct  me  in  these  points,  the  same  build- 
ings, trees,  and  plaster  casts  have  been  copied  times 
beyond  number ;  and  when  the  problem  under  exa- 
mination has  been  solved,  these  pictures  have  been 
destroyed. 

There  are  twenty  exhibitors  of  pictures  in  the  Pho- 
tographic Gallery  who  would  certainly  leave  my  pro- 
ductions far  behind,  as  it  concerns  their  pictorial  cha- 
racter ;  but  I  am  confident  there  is  not  one  who  has 
made  the  philosophy  of  Photography  so  entirely  his 
study  as  I  have  done. 

I  have  been  engaged  for  the  last  two  years  in  study- 
ing the  chemical  action  of  the^prismatic  spectrum.  I 
inclose  you  my  report  on  this  subject  to  the  British 
Association  for  1852  (that  for  1853  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  printer),  from  which  you  will  perceive 
that  I  am  employing  myself  to  greater  advantage  to 
photography,  as  a  science  under  art,  than  I  should  be 
did  I  enter  the  lists  with  those  who  catch  the  beauties 
of  external  nature  on  their  sensitive  tablets,  and  secure 
for  themselves  and  others  pictures  drawn  by  the  solar 
pencil,  in  which  no  one  can  more  deeply  delight  than 
your  humble  servant.  ROBERT  HUNT. 


Waxed-paper  Pictures.  —  Will  your  correspondents 
or  yourself  do  me  the  favour  to  say,  how  such  beau- 
tiful pictures  have  been  produced  and  exhibited  by 
Mr.  Fenton  and  others  by  the  waxed-paper  medium, 

f  that  process  be  so  bad  and  defective  ?  When  I  have 
'ollowed  it,  and  exercised  consistent  patience,  I  have 
ever  produced  pleasing  and  faithful  results.  That 
when  parties  do  not  themselves  prepare,  it  becomes 
expensive,  I  am  willing  to  admit;  but  I  am  inclined  to 
attribute  many  failures  to  the  uncertain  heat  of  hot 

rons,  which  must  vary ;  and  I  make  this  fact  known  to 
you  as  the  result  of  my  own  observation  on  many 
sheets :  added  to  which,  defective  manipulation,  or 
impure  chemicals,  must  not  be  allowed  to  do  away 
with  its  having  much  merit.  HARLEY  LANE. 

The  Double  Iodide  Solution.  —  In  a  note  appended 
to  DR.  MANSELL'S  communication  on  the  calotype 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  134.),  you  state  that  having  lately  pre- 
pared the  double  iodide  solution  according  to  the  for- 
mula given  by  DR.  DIAMOND,  in  which  it  required 
650  grains  of  iodide  of  potassium  to  dissolve  a  60-grain 
precipitate,  you  were  inclined  to  believe,  until  you 
made  the  experiment  yourself,  that  DR.  MANSELL  must 
have  made  a  wrong  calculation  as  to  the  quantity  of 
iodide  of  potassium  (680  grains)  which  he  stated  was 
sufficient  to  dissolve  a  100-grain  precipitate,  as  the 
difference  appeared  so  small  for  a  solution  more  than 
one-third  stronger. 

The  small  difference  referred  to  with  respect  to  the 
quantity  of  iodide  of  potassium  required,  is  owing  to 
the  amount  of  water  used  being  in  both  cases  the  same. 
A  slight  difference  in  the  strength  of  a  solution  of 
iodide  of  potassium  makes  a  great  difference  with 
respect  to  the  quantity  of  iodide  of  silver  it  is  capable 
of  dissolving.  Thus,  if  you  remove  a  small  proportion 
of  the  water  from  a  solution  of  the  double  iodide  of 
silver  by  evaporation,  the  slight  increase  of  strength 
which  the  solution  will  thereby  acquire,  will  enable  it 
to  take  up  a  much  larger  proportion  of  iodide  of  silver 
than  it  already  contains  ;  and  if,  on  the  other  hand, 
you  dilute  it  with  a  small  proportion  of  water,  its  di- 
minished strength  (unless  the  solution  contains  a  great 
excess  of  iodide  of  potassium)  will  cause  the  precipi- 
tation of  a  large  proportion  of  the  iodide  of  silver. 
And  hence  the  great  variation  in  the  amount  of  iodide 
of  potassium  which  is  found  requisite  to  form  a  solution 
of  the  double  iodide  of  silver,  under  the  same  apparent 
conditions  with  regard  to  the  proportions  of  the  other 
ingredients  employed,  may  be  accounted  for  by  the 
impossibility  of  measuring  off  with  sufficient  accuracy 
the  proper  proportion  of  water. 

Whenever  exact  quantities  of  liquids  are  required, 
recourse  should  always  be  had  to  the  balance,  for  no 
great  accuracy  can  be  depended  upon  by  measurement 
with  our  ordinary  glass  measures,  even  supposing  them 
to  be  correctly  graduated,  which  is  not  always  the 
case  J.  LEACHMAN. 

Dr.  ManselVs  Process.  —  DR.  MANSELL'S  lucid  and 
very  practical  paper  on  the  calotype  process  in  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  must,  I  am  sure,  be  of  the  greatest  service  to  pho- 
tographers in  general ;  and  as  one  of  the  many  I  am 
irresistibly  tempted  to  offer  my  sincere  and  hearty 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


183 


thanks  to  him  for  the  truly  valuable  hints  it  contains. 
If  DH.  MANSELL  will  give  the  rationale  of  the  necessity 
of  not  allowing  a  longer  time  than  absolutely  required 
for  the  soaking  out  the  now  injurious  iodide  of  potas- 
sium, set  free  by  the  deposit  of  the  iodide  of  silver; 
and  also,  an  explanation  of  the  cause  of  that  part  of  the 
iodized  papers  which  takes  the  longest  time  in  drying 
being  weaker  than  that  part  which  had  been  more 
hastily  dried,  the  learned  Doctor  will  still  be  adding  to 
our  present  amount  of  obligation  to  him. 

HENRY  HELE. 


to 

Buonaparte's  Abdication  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  54.).  —  In 
an  article  on  this  subject,  after  referring  to  Wil- 
kinson's shop  on  Ludgate  Hill,  your  correspon- 
dent states  that  "  Wilkinson's  shop  does  not  now 
exist."  In  justice  to  ourselves,  we  trust  you  will 
insert  this  letter,  as  such  a  remark  may  be  pre- 
judicial to  us.  Having  sold  our  premises  on  Lud- 
gate Hill  to  the  Milton  Club,  we  have  removed 
our  establishment  to  Ko.  8.  Old  Bond  Street, 
Piccadilly. 

As  regards  the  table  spoken  of,  your  informant 
must  be  labouring  under  some  strange  error.  We 
do  not  remember  ever  having,  or  pretending  to 
have,  the  original  table  on  which  the  Emperor 
Napoleon  signed  his  abdication.  Many  years  ago, 
a  customer  of  ours  lent  us  a  table  with  some  such 
plate  as  you  describe,  which  he  had  had  made 
abroad  from  the  original,  for  us  to  copy  from  ; 
and  after  this  we  made  and  sold  several,  but  only 
as  copies.  We  cannot  charge  our  memory  with 
the  correctness  of  the  inscription  you  publish ;  and, 
moreover,  we  believe  the  words  "  a  fac-simile,"  or 
something  to  that  effect,  were  engraved  as  a  head- 
ing to  those  made  by  us. 

CHAS.  WILKINSON  &  SONS. 

8.  Old  Bond  Street. 

[We  willingly  give  insertion  to  this  disclaimer  from 
so  respectable  a  firm  as  MESSRS.  WILKINSON  &  SONS  ; 
from  which  it  appears  that  our  correspondent  A  CAN- 
TAB has  not  made  "  when  found,  a  correct  note"  of  the 
fac-simile.  Another  correspondent  has  favoured  us 
with  the  following  additional  notices  of  the  original 
table  :  "  On  Dec.  8,  1838,  I  saw  the  table  on  which 
Napoleon  signed  his  abdication  at  the  Chateau  of 
Fontainebleau,  on  which  there  are  two  scratches  or 
incisures  said  to  have  been  made  by  him  with  a  pen- 
knife. These  injuries  upon  the  surface  of  the  table 
were  so  remarkable  as  to  attract  my  attention,  and  I 
inquired  about  them  of  the  attendant.  He  said  Napo- 
leon, when  excited  or  irritated,  was  in  the  habit  of 
handling  and  using  anything  which  lay  beside  him, 
perhaps  to  allay  mental  agitation;  and  that  he  was 
considered  to  have  so  used  a  penknife,  and  disfigured 
the  table."] 

Burton  Family  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  19.).— I  know  not 
whether  E.  H.  A.  is  interested  about  the  Burtons 


of  Shropshire.  If  he  is,  he  will  find  an  interesting 
account  of  them  in  A  Commentary  on  Antoninus 
his  Itinerary,  Sfc.  of  the  Roman  Empire,  so  far  as 
it  concerneth  Britain,  &c. :  London,  1658,  p.  136. 

CLERICUS  (D.). 

Drainage  by  Machinery  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  493.). — 
E.  G.  R.  will  perhaps  find  what  he  wants  on  this 
subject  in  Walker's 

"  Essay  on  Draining  Land  by  the  Steam  Engine ; 
showing  the  number  of  Acres  that  may  be  drained  by 
each  of  Six  different-sized  Engines,  with  Prime  Cost  and 
Annual  Outgoings:  London,  1813,  8vo.,  price  Is.  6d." 

He  will  find  a  complete  history  of  the  drainage  of 
the  English  fens  in  Sir  William  Dugdale's 

"  History  of  Embanking  and  Draining  of  divers  Fens 
and  Marshes,  both  in  Foreign  Parts  and  in  this  King- 
dom, and  of  the  Improvement  thereby :  adorned  with 
sundry  Maps,  &c.  London,  1662,  fol.  A  New  Edi- 
tion, with  three  Indices  to  the  principal  Matters, 
Names,  and  Places,  by  Charles  Nelson  Cole,  Esq. : 
London,  1772,  fol." 

Mr.  Samuel  Wells  published,  in  1830,  in  2  vols. 
8vo.,  a  complete  history  of  the  Bedford  Level,  ac- 
companied by  a  map  ;  and  I  may  add  that  the  late 
Mr.  Grainger,  C.E.,  read  a  series  of  papers  on  the 
draining  of  the  Haarlem  Lake  to  the  Society  of 
Arts  in  Edinburgh,  which,  I  believe,  were  never 
published,  but  which  may,  perhaps,  be  accessible 
to  E.  G.  B.  HENRY  STEPHENS. 

Nattochiis  and  Calchanti  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  36.  84.). 
—  The  former  of  these  words  being  sometimes 
spelt  natthocouks  in  the  same  deed,  shows  the  ig- 
norance or  carelessness  of  the  scribe,  the  reading 
being  clearly  corrupt ;  I  would  suggest  cottagiis^ 
cottages,  and  by  "  ^nis  "  I  should  understand  not 
granis,  as  F.S.A.  supposes,  but  gardinis,  gardens. 
The  line  will  then  run  thus  : 

"  Cum  omnibus  gardinis  et  cottagiis  adjacentibus." 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  differs  from  the  solution 
proposed  by  MR.  THRUPP  (p.  84.). 

With  respect  to  the  latter  word,  calchanti,  I  re- 
gret that  I  cannot  offer  a  satisfactory  solution. 
Possibly  the  word  intended  may  have  been  cal- 
canthi,  copperas,  vitriol,  or  the  water  of  copper  or 
brass ;  but  I  find  in  the  Index  Alter  of  Ainsworth, 
the  word  — 

"  CALECANTUM.  A  kind  of  earth  like  salt,  of  a  bind- 
ing nature.  Puto  pro  Chalcanthum,  Vitriol,  L. " 

Will  this  tally  with  the  circumstances  of  the  case  ? 
I  presume  that  the  words  liquor,  mineral,  &c.,  fol- 
lowing calchanti  in  the  grant,  are  contractions  for 
the  genitive  plural  of  those  words  ;  the  subject  of 
the  grant  being  the  tithes  of  all  those  substances. 

H.P. 
Lincoln's  Inn. 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  226. 


"  One  while  I  think"  Sfc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.).  — 
Thes«  lines  will  be  found  in  The  Synagogue,  p.  41., 
by  Christopher  Hervie.  M.  ZACHABY. 

"  Spires  '  whose  silent  finger  points  to  heaven'' " 
(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  9.  85.).  —  F.  R.  M.,  M.A.,  seems  not 
to  have  observed  that  Wordsworth  marks  this  line 
as  a  quotation  ;  and  in  the  note  upon  it  (Ex- 
cursion, 373.)  gives  the  poetical  passage  in  The 
Friend,  whence  he  took  it,  thus  acknowledging 
Coleridge  to  be  the  author.  The  passage  is  not 
to  be  found  in  the  modern  edition  of  The  Friend, 
by  the  reference  in  Wordsworth's  note  to  "  The 
Friend,  No.  14.  p.  223."  I  presume  that  The 
Friend  was  originally  published  in  numbers,  and 
that  it  is  to  that  publication  Wordsworth  refers. 
This  is  not  simply  the  case,  as  F.  R.  M.,  M.A., 
suggests,  of  two  authors  using  the  same  idea,  but 
of  one  also  honestly  acknowledging  his  debt  to 
the  other.  The  idea  is  of  much  older  date  than 
the  prose  of  Coleridge,  or  the  verse  of  Words- 
worth. Milton,  in  his  Epitaph  on  Shakspeare, 
has: 

"  Under  a  star  y-pointing  pyramid." 

Prior  has  the  following  line  : 

"  These  pointed  spires  that  wound  the  ambient  sky." 
Prior's  Poems :  Power,  vol.  iu.  p.  94., 
Edin.  1779. 

In  Shakspeare  we  find : 

"Yon  towers,  whose  wanton  tops  do  buss  the  clouds." 
Troilus  and  Cressida,  Act  IV.  Sc.  5. 

The  idea  is  traceable  in  Virgil's  description  of 
"Fame"  or  "  Rumour"  in  the  4th  JEneid  : 
" .         .         .         caput  inter  nubila  condit." 

J.  W.  FARRER. 

Dr.  Eleazar  Duncan  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  56.).  —  D.  D. 
will  find  some  mention  of  Dr.  Duncon  in  a  cor- 
respondence between  Sir  Edward  Hyde  and  Bishop 
Cosin,  printed  among  the  Clarendon  State  Papers 
(ed.  Oxford,  vol.  iii.,  append,  pp.  ci.  cii.  ciii.),  from 
which  it  appears  that,  in  1655,  Dr.  Duncon  was  at 
Saumur;  where  also  Dr.  Monk  Duncan,  a  Scotch 
physician,  was  a  professor  (Conf.  note  a,  p.  375.  of 
'Cosin's  Works,  vol.  iv.,  as  published  in  the  Anglo- 
Catholic  Library).  I  regret  that  I  cannot  furnish 
D.  D.  with  the  when  and  where  of  Dr.  Duncon's 
death.  v  J.  SAKSOM. 

"Marriage  is  such  a  rabble  rout"  (Vol. iii., 
p.  263.).— 

"  Marriage  is  such  a  rabble  rout, 
That  those  that  are  out  would  fain  get  in, 
And  those  that  are  in  would  fain  get  out." 

I  do  not  think  it  is  against  the  rules  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
for  any  Querist  to  put  a  rider  on  any  of  his  own 
Queries.  In  a  volume  entitled  The  Poetical 
Rhapsody,  by  Francis  Davidson,  edited,  with  me- 


moirs and  notes,  by  Nicholas  H.Nicolas,  London, 
Pickering,  1826,  under  the  head  of  "  A  Contention 
betwixt  a  Wife,  a  Widow,  and  a  Maid,"  p.  21., 
occur  the  following  lines  : 

"  Widow.   Marriage  is  a  continual  feast. 

Maid.  Wedlock,  indeed,  hath  oft  compared  been 
To  public  feasts,  where  meet  a  public  rout, 
Where  they  that  are  without  would  fain  go  in, 
And  they  that  are  within  would  fain  go  out,"  &c. 

This  piece  is  signed  "  Sir  John  Davis." 

S.  WMSOZC. 

Cambridge  Mathematical  Questions  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  35.).  — IOTA  is  informed  that  the  questions  set 
at  the  examination  for  honours,  are  annually  pub- 
lished in  the  Cambridge  University  Calendar.  He 
should  consult  the  back  volumes  of  that  work, 
which  he  will  probably  find  in  any  large  pro- 
vincial library. 

These  questions,  with  solutions  at  length,  are 
also  annually  published  by  the  Moderators  and 
Examiners  in  one  quarto  volume.  All  the  Senate 
House  examination  papers  are  annually  published 
by  the  editor  of  the  Cambridge  Chronicle,  in  a 
supplement  to  one  of  the  January  numbers  of 
that  periodical.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBT. 

P.  S.  —  As  I  write  from  memory,  I  may  have 
been  guilty  of  some  slight  inaccuracy  in  details. 

I  think  the  Cambridge  University  Calendar  will 
contain  all  the  mathematical  questions  proposed 
in  the  Senate  House  for  the  period  mentioned. 
Those  from  1801  to  1820  inclusively  were  also 
published  by  Black  and  Armstrong  (Lond.^1836), 
to  accompany  the  revised  edition  of  Wright's  solu- 
tions. The  problems  from  1820  to  1829  inclusive 
are  reprinted  in  vol.  v.  of  Leybourne's  Mathema- 
tical Repository,  new  series,  and  in  vol.  vi.  those 
for  1830  and  1831  are  given.  In  1849  the  Rev. 
A.  H.  Frost  arranged  and  published  the  questions 
proposed  in  1838  to  1849.  Perhaps  this  may  be 
found  satisfactory.  T.  T.  WILKINSON. 

Reversible  Masculine  Names  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  244. 
655.).  —  If  you  allow  Bob,  you  cannot  object  to 
Lol,  the  short  for  Laurence.  Lord  Glenelg  and 
the  Hebrew  abba  will  not  perhaps  be  held  cases 
in  point,  but  Nun,  Asa,  and  Gog,  and  probably 
many  other  Scripture  names,  may  be  instanced ; 
and  Odo  and  Otto  from  profane  history,  as  well  as 
the  Peruvian  Capac.  P.  P. 

The  Man  in  the  Moon  (Vol.  vi.,  pp.  61.  182. 
232.  424.).— 

"  As  for  the  forme  of  those  spots,  some  of  the  vulgar 
thinke  they  represent  a  man,  and  the  poets  guesse  'tis 
the  boy  Endymion,  whose  company  shee  loves  so  well, 
that  shee  carries  him  with  her  ;  others  will  have  it 
onely  to  be  the  face  of  a  man  as  the  moone  is  usually 
pictured ;  but  Albertus  thinkes  rather  that  it  represents 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


185 


a  lyon,  with  his  taile  towards  the  east  and  his  head  to 
the  west;  and  some  others  (Eusehius,  Nieremb.  Hist. 
Nat.,  lib.  via.  c.  xv.)  have  thought  it  to  be  very  much 
like  o  fox,  and  certainly  'tis  as  much  like  a  lyon  as  that  in 
the  zodiake,  or  as  Ursa  Major  is  like  a  beare.  ...  It 
may  be  probable  enough  that  those  spots  and  brighter 
parts  may  show  the  distinction  betwixt  the  sea  and 
land  in  tint  other  world."— Bishop  Wilkin's  Discovery 
of  a  New  World,  3rd  edit.,  Lond.  1640,  p.  100. 

"  Does  the  Man  in  the  Moon  look  big, 
And  wear  a  huger  periwig  ; 
Show  in  his  gait,  or  face,  more  tricks 
Than  our  own  native  lunatics  ?  " 

Hudibras,  pt.  n.  c.  iii.  767. 

To  judge  from  liis  physiognomy,  one  would  say 
the  Man  in  the  Moon  was  a  Chinese,  or  native  of 
the  Celestial  Empire.  EIRIONNACH. 

Arms  of  Richard,  King  of  the  Romans  (Vol.  viii., 

&653.). —  With  respectful  submission  to  MR. 
ORRIS  DECK,  and  notwithstanding  his  ingenious 
conjecture  that  the  charges  on  the  border  are  pois, 
and  the  seal  which  he  mentions  in  his  last  commu- 
nication, I  think  the  evidence  that  the  border  be- 
longs to  Cornwall,  and  not  to  Poictou,  is  perfectly 
conclusive. 

1.  The  fifteen  bezants  in  a  sable  field  have  been 
time  out  of  mind  regarded  as  the  arms  of  Corn- 
wall, and  traditionally  (but  of  course  without  au- 
thority) ascribed  to  Cadoc,  or  Caradoc,  a  Cornish 
prince  of  the  fifth  century.     They  occur  in  juxta- 
position with  the  garbes  of  Chester,  upon  some  of 
the  great  seals  of  England,  and  I  think  also  upon 
the  tomb  of  Queen  Elizabeth;  and  they  are,  to 
the   present    day,   printed   or   engraved   on   the 
mining  leases  of  the  duchy. 

2.  Bezants  on  sable  are  extremely  frequent  in 
the  arms  of  Cornish  families  ;  but  crowned  lions 
rampant  gules  do  not  occur  in  a  single  instance  of 
which  I  am  aware,  except  in  the  arms  of  families 
named  Cornwall,  who  are  known  or  presumed  to 
be  descended  from   this  Richard,  and  bear   his 
arms  with  sundry  differences.     Bezants  on  sable 
are   borne    (e.g.)    by   Bond,    Carlyon,  Chamber- 
layne,  Cole,  Cornwall  (by  some  without  the  lion), 
JKillegrew,  Saint- Aubyn,  Treby,  Tregyan  (with  a 
crowned  eagle  sable,  holding  a  sword),  Treiago, 
and  Walesborough,  all  of  Cornwall ;  and  it-  is  to 
be  remarked  that  bezants  are  not  a  common  bear- 
ing in  other  parts  of  England,  especially  not  on 
sable. 

3.  When  Roger  Valtorte  married  Joan,  daugh- 
ter of  Reginald  de  Dunstanville  (who  was  natural 
son  of  Henry  I.,  and  Earl  of  Cornwall  nearly  a 
century  before  Richard,  King  of  the  Romans,  but 
never  Earl  of  Poictou),  he  added  to  his  paternal 
arms  a  border  sable  bezantee. 

This  is  but  a  small  portion  of  the  evidence 
which  might  be  adduced ;  but  it  is,  I  think,  quite 
enough  to  justify  the  statements  of  Sylvanus 


Morgan,  Sandford,  Mr.  Lower,  and  others,  that 
the  bezants  pertain  not  to  Poictou,  but  to  Corn- 
wall. H.  G. 

Brothers  with  the  same  Christian  Name  (Vol. 
viii.,  pp.  338.  478.).  —  If  your  various  correspon- 
dents, who  adduce  instances  of  two  brothers  in 
families  having  the  same  Christian  names  (both 
brothers  being  alive),  will  consult  Lodge's  Peerage 
for  1853,  they  will  find  the  names  of  the  sons  of 
the  Marquis  of  Ormonde  thus  stated  : 

"James  Edward  Wm.  Theobald,  Earl  of  Ossory, 
born  Oct.  5,  1844. 

"  Lord  James  Hubert  Henry  Thomas,  born  Aug.  2O, 
1847. 

"  Lord  James  Arthur  Wellington  Foley,  born  Sept.  23, 
1849. 

"  Lord  James  Theobald  Bagot  John,  born  Aug.  6, 
1852." 

The  Christian  name  of  the  late  Marquis  was 
James ;  and  whichever  of  his  grandsons  shall  suc- 
ceed the  present  possessor  of  the  title,  will  bear 
the  same  Christian  name  as  the  late  peer. 

JUVERNA. 

Arch-priest  in  the  Diocese  of  Exeter  (Vol.  ix.f 
p.  105.).  —  Haccombe  is  doubtless  the  parish  in 
the  diocese  of  Exeter,  where  MR.  W.  ERASER  will 
find  the  arch-priest  about  whom  he  is  inquiring. 
Haccombe  is  a  small  parish,  having  two  houses  in 
it,  the  manor-house  of  the  Carew  family  and  the 
parsonage.  It  is  said  that,  by  a  grant  from  the 
crown,  in  consequence  of  services  done  by  an  an- 
cestor of  the  Carews,  this  parish  received  certain 
privileges  and  exemptions,  one  of  which  was  that 
the  priest  of  Haccombe  should  be  exempt  from 
all  ordinary  spiritual  jurisdiction.  Hence  the 
title  of  arch-priest,  and  that  of  chorepiscopus, 
which  the  priests  of  Haccombe  have  claimed,  and 
perhaps  sometimes  received.  The  incumbent  of 
Bibury,  in  Gloucestershire,  used  to  claim  similar 
titles,  and  like  exemption  from  spiritual  juris- 
diction. J.  SANSOM. 

Since  sending  my  Query  on  this  subject,  I  have 
obtained  the  following  information.  The  Rectory 
of  Haccombe,  which  is  a  peculiar  one,  in  the 
diocese  of  Exeter,  gives  to  its  incumbent  for  the 
time  being  the  dignity  of  arch-priest  of  the 
diocese.  The  arch-priest  wears  lawn  sleeves,  and 
on  all  occasions  takes  precedence  after  the  bishop. 
The  late  rector,  the  Rev.  T.  C.  Carew,  I  am  told, 
constantly  officiated  in  lawn  sleeves  attached  to 
an  A.  M.  gown,  and  took  the  precedence  due  to 
his  spiritual  rank  as  arch-priest  of  the  diocese. 
The  present  arch-priest  and  Rector  of  Haccombe 
is  the  Rev.  Fitzwilliam  J.Taylor.  Does  such  an 
office,  or  rather  dignity,  exist  in  any  other  case  in 
the  Anglican  Church  ?  WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Tor-Mohun. 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  226. 


"  Horam  coram  dago"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  58.). — Your 
correspondent  2.  is  probably  thinking  of  Burns' 
lines  "  Written  in  a  wrapper,  inclosing  a  letter  to 
Captain  Grose,"  &c. : 

"  Ken  ye  aught  o'  Captain  Grose  ? 

Igo  et  ago, 

If  he's  among  his  friends  or  foes, 
Irani,  coram,  dago." 

It  is  not  very  likely,  however,  that  this  should 
be  the  first  appearance  of  this  "  burden,"  any  more 
than  of  "  Fal  de  ral,"  which  Burns  gives  to  other 
pieces  both  before  and  after  this.  It  may  have  a 
meaning  (as  I  believe  one  has  been  found  for 
"  Lilliburlero,"  &c.),  but  I  should  think  it  more 
likely  to  be  sheer  gibberish. 

By  the  way,  how  comes  burden  to  be  used  in 
the  sense  of  "chorus  or  refrain?"  I  believe  we 
have  the  authority  of  Shakspeare  for  so  doing. 

"  Foot  it  featly  here  and  there 
And  let  the  rest  the  burden  bear?" 

Is  it  the  bourdon,  or  big  [drone  ?  Certainly  the 
chorus  could  not  "  bear  a  burden,"  in  the  sense  of 
hard  work,  even  before  the  time  of  Hullah. 

J.  P.  OEDE. 

In  Chambers'  Scottish  Songs,  Edinburgh,  1829, 
p.  273.  is  a  piece  beginning  — 

"  And  was  you  e'er  in  Crail  toun  ? 

Igo  and  ago  : 

And  saw  ye  there  clerk  Fishington  ? 
Sing  irom,  iyon,  ago." 

And  in  Blachwood  for  Jan.  1831  ("Noctes  Ambro- 
sianse,  No.  53.")  is  "  A  Christmas  Carol  in  honour 
of  Maga,  sung  by  the  Contributors,"  which  begins 
thus  — 

«  When  Kit  North  is  dead, 

What  will  Maga  do,  Sir? 
She  must  go  to  bed, 

And  like  him  die  too,  Sir  ! 
Fal  de  ral  de  ral, 

Iram  coram  dago  / 
Fal  de  ral  de  ral, 

Here's  success  to  Maga  !" 

I  suspect  that  the  "chorus  or  refrain"  of  the 
first  of  these  ditties  suggested  that  of  the  second ; 
,and  that  this  is  the  song  which  was  running  in 
your  contributor's  head.  J.  C.  R. 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  S.  WMSON,  F.  CROSSLEY, 
E.H.,  R.  S.  S.,  and  J.  Ss.  for  similar  replies.  See  Burns' 
Works,  edit.  1800,  vol.  iv.  p.  399.,  and  edit.  Glasgow, 
1843,  vol.  i.  p.  113.] 

Children  by  one  Mother  (Vol.  v.,  p.  126.).  —  In 
reply  to  the  Query,  "  If  there  be  any  well-authen- 
ticated instance  of  a  woman  having  had  more  than 
twenty-five  children,"  lean  furnish  you  with  what 
I  firmly  believe  to  be  such  an  instance.  The  nar- 
rator, was  a  relative  of  my  late  wife,  a  man  of  the 
very  highest  character  in  the  City  of  London  for 


many  years,  and  formerly  clerk  to  the  London 
Bridge  (Old)  Water  Works,  a  mark  by  which  he 
may  possibly  be  recognised  by  some  of  your 
readers.  I  have  heard  him  relate,  that  once,  as 
he  was  travelling  into  Essex,  he  met  with  a  very 
respectable  woman,  apparently  a  farmer's  wife, 
who  during  the  journey  several  times  expressed 
an  anxious  desire  to  reach  home,  which  induced 
my  informant  at  length  to  inquire  the  cause  of  so 
great  an  anxiety.  Her  reply  was,  "  Indeed,  Sir, 
if  you  knew,  you  would  not  wonder  at  it."  When, 
upon  his  jocularly  saying,  "  Surely  she  could  have 
no  cause  for  so  much  desire  to  reach  home,"  she 
said  farther,  that  "  The  number  of  her  children 
was  the  cause,  for  that  she  had  thirty  children,  it 
having  pleased  God  to  give  to  her  and  her  hus- 
band fifteen  boys ;  and  because  they  were  much 
dissatisfied  at  having  no  girl,  in  order  to  punish 
their  murmuring  and  discontent,  He  was  pleased 
farther  to  send  them  fifteen  girls."  I.  R.  R. 

Parochial  Libraries  (Vol.  viii.  passim').  —  In 
the  small  village  of  Halton,  Cheshire,  there  is  a 
small  public  library,  of  no  inconsiderable  extent 
and  importance,  founded  in  1733  by  Sir  John 
Chesshyre,  Knight,  of  Hallwood  in  that  county. 
Of  the  works  comprised  in  the  collection,  the  fol- 
lowing may  be  selected  as  best  worthy  of  mention  : 
Dugdale's  Monasticon,  Rymer's  Fcedera,  Walton's 
Polyglot,  and  a  host  of  standard  ecclesiastical 
authors,  interspersed  with  modern  additions  of 
more  general  interest.  The  curate  for  the  time 
being  officiates  as  librarian  ;  the  books  being  pre- 
served in  a  small  stone  building  set  apart  for  the 
purpose,  in  the  vicinity  of  his  residence.  Over 
the  door  is  the  following  inscription  : 

"  Hanc  Bibliothecam, 

pro  communi  literatorum  usu, 

sub  cura  curati  capella?  de  Halton 

proventibus  ter  feliciter  augmentata?, 

JOHANNES  CHESSHYRE  miles 
serviens  D'ni  Regis  ad  legem, 

D.  D.  D. 
Anno  MDCCXXXIII." 

Sir  John,  the  founder,  was  buried  at  Runcorn, 
where  a  monument  exists  to  his  memory,  bearing 
the  following  epitaph  at  its  foot : 

"  A  wit's  a  feather,  and  a  chief's  a  rod, 
An  honest  man's  the  noblest  work  of  God." 

The  parishes  of  Stoke  Damarel,  Devon,  and  of 
St.  James  the  Great,  Devonport,  have  each  their 
parochial  library :  the  former  commenced  in 
1848,  by  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Flower,  late  curate  of 
the  parish;  and  the  latter  by  the  Rev.  W.  B. 
Killpack,  the  first  incumbent  of  the  district. 

T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 


FEB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


187 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

SCHILLER'S  POEMS,  translated  by  Merivale. 
S.  N.  COLERIDGE'S  BIOGRAPHIA  LITERAUIA. 

ESSAYS  ON  HIS  OWN  TIMES. 

POEMS.     1  Vol. 

CONFESSIONS  OF  AN  INQUIRING  SPIRIT. 

THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.    London,  1828.    l'2mo. 
V  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 

to   be  sent  to  MH.  BELL,  Publisher    of    "  NOTES    AND 

QUERIES,"  186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
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SCRAPBOOK  OF  LITERARY  VARIETIES,  AND  MlRROR  OF  INSTRUC- 
TION, &c.  Prose,  Verse,  and  Engravings.  Lacy,  76.  St.  Paul's 
Churchyard.  8vo.  424  pp. 

Wanted  by  Rev.  G.  T.  Driffield,  Bow,  Middlesex. 


CAMBRIDGE  INSTALLATION    ODE,   1835,    by    Chr.  Wordsworth. 

4to.  Edition. 

KITCHKNER'S  ECONOMY  OF  THE  EYES.    Part  II. 
BROWN'S  ANECDOTES  OF  DOGS. 
— — .  OF  ANIMALS. 

Wanted  by  Fred.  Dinsdale,  Esq.,  Leamington. 


MASTERMAN  READY.     Vol.  I.    First  Edition. 
SWIFT'S  WORKS.     Vol.  XIII.    London,  J747. 

Wanted  by  IV.  H.  Bliss,  Hursley,  Winchester. 


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PEPYS'S  DIARY.    5  Vols.    8vo. 

TRANSACTIONS  OF  GEOGRAPHICAL  SOCIETY.    Parts  or  Volumes. 

LIFE  OF  BISHOP  KEN,  by  Anderdon. 

PERCIVAL'S  ROMAN  SCHISM. 

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to 

We  are  this  week  compelled  to  omit  our  usual  NOTES  ON 
BOOKS,  &c. 

DR.  RIMBAULT  on  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  and  MR. 
LAMMIN'S  Paper  on  Grammont,  in  our  next  Number. 

JAMES  SAMUELS  will  find  full  particulars  of  the  legend  o/The 
Wandering  Jew  in  Die  Sage  vom  Ewigen  Juden,  by  Gr'dsse, 
Dresden,  1844. 

THOMAS  Q.  COUCH  is  thanked  for  his  Cornish  legends.  He 
will,  however,  find  that  of  the  Mole  in  our  Second  Vol.,  p.  225. ; 
and  that  of  the  Owl,  in  the  Variorum  Shakspeare  and  other  works. 

CABAL — Our  Correspondent  on  the  origin  of  this  word  is  re- 
ferred to  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  iv.,  pp.  443. 507- ;  Vol.  v.,  pp.  139.  520., 
where  he  will  find  enough  to  satisfy  him  that  it  was  not  formed 
from  the  initials  of  the  five  chief  ministers  of  Charles  II. 

W.  The  date  of  the  consecration  of  the  old  St.  Pancras  Church 
has  hitherto  baffled  research.  The  question  was  asked  in  our 
Second  Volume,  p.  496.  We  doubt  whether  any  drawing  of  the 
original  structure  is  extant. 

The  numerous  articles  on  PHOTOGRAPHY  already  in  type 
compel  us  to  postpone  until  next  week  several  other  valuable 
papers. 

Errata.— Vol.ix.,  p.  59.,  8th  line  in  translation  from  Sheridan, 
for  "  victa  marte  "  read  "  victa  mente  ;  "  p.  138.,  1st  line,  for 
"  Erie  "  read  "  Erse." 

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THE  (LATE)  ARCHBISHOP   OF 
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T)SALMS  AND  HYMNS   FOR 

THE  SERVICE  OF  THE  CHURCH. 
The  words  selected  by  the  Very  Rev.  H.  H. 
MLLMAN,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  The 
Music  arranged  for  Four  Voices,  but  applicable 
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"  Carefully  compiled  from  our  earliest  re- 
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of  the  writings  of  the  old  Chroniclers,  miracles, 
visions,  &c.,  from  the  time  of  Gildas;  richly 
illustrated  with  notes,  which  throw  a  clear, 
and  in  many  instances  a  new  light  on  wha£ 
would  otherwise  be  difficult  and  obscure  pas- 
sages." —  Thomas  Miller,  History  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  p.  88. 

Works  by  the  same  Author. 

BERTHA  ;  or,  The  POPE  and 

the  EMPEROR. 

THE    LAST     DAYS     OF 

O'CONNELL. 

A  TRUE  HISTORY  OF  THE 

HUNGARIAN  REVOLUTION. 

THE  LIFE  OF  ST.  ETHEL- 
BERT,  KING  of  the  EAST  ANGLES. 

A     GRANDFATHER'S 

STORY-BOOK  ;  or,  TALES  and  LEGENDS, 
!  by  a  POOR  SCHOLAR. 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  226. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

J\.  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of  * 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


T>ENNETT'S       MODEL 

JD  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
Ixmdon-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  PocketChronometer.Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers, 2Z..3Z., and 4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


IANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

each.  —  D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
_iuare  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO..  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities."  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
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perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  loudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
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itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C..H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land.  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler.  E.  J.  Loder.  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 


P 
E 


arry,  H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
.  F.  Ri 


imbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel.  Sims  Reeves.  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO..  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


H.     HART,     RECORD 

•     AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 

N  (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  wherelay  his 
Inquiries  are  crreatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  und  Gentlemen  ensased  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 
1.  ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
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M.P. 

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Trustees. 

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Actuary. 

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IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

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PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

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A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

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"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  227.] 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  4.  1854. 


("Price  Fourpence. 
Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 


NOTES:- 


Page 


Burton's  "  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,"  by 

Dr.  E.  F.  Rimbault        -  -  -  191 

"  AIUW,"  its  Derivation      -          -          -  192 
William  Lyons,  Bishop  of  Cork,  Cloyne, 

and  Ross 192 

Curious  Marriage  Agreement      -          -  193 
Ancient  American*  Languages,  by  K. 

R.  II.  Mackenzie  -  -  194 

Conduitt  and  Newton,  by  Bolton  Corney  195 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  The  Music  in  Middle- 
ton's  Tragi-Comedy  of  the  "  Witch  " 

—  Mr.  Macaulay  and  Sir  Archibald 
Alison  in  error  —  "Paid  down  upon 
the    nail "  — Corpulence    a    Crime  — 
Curious   Tender  — The   Year    185*  — 

A  Significant  Hint         -          -          -    196 

QUERIES  :  — 

Literary  Queries,  by  the  Rev.  R.  Bing- 
ham 197 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Hunter  of  Pol- 
inpod  in  Tweed-dale  — Dinteville  Fa- 
mily—  Eastern  Practice  of  Medicine 

—  Sunday  —  Three  Picture  Queries  — 
"  Cutting  off  with  a  Shilling"— Inman 
or   Ingman   Family  —  Constable   of 
Masham—  Fading   Ink  — Sir   Ralph 
Killigrew 198 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS:  — 
Pepys— "  Retainers  to  Seven  Shares 
and  a  Half  "  -Madden's  "Reflections 
and  Resolutions  proper  for  the  Gentle- 
men of  Ireland  "  —  King  Edward  I.'s 
Arm  —  Elstob,  Elizabeth  _  Monu- 
mental Brasses  in  London  -  -  199 

REPLIES  :  — 

Rapping     no     Novelty ;    and   Table- 
turning  by  Wm.  Winthrop,  &c.         -  200 
General  Whitelocke,  by  J.  S.llarry.fcc.  201 
"Man  proposes,  but  God  disposes,"  by 

J.  W.  Thomas,  &c.         -  -  -  202 

Napoleon's  Spelling,  by  II.  H.  Breen    -  203 
Memoirs  of  Grarnmont,  by  W.  II.  Lam- 

min  -  -  -  -          -  204 

The  Myrtle  Bee,  by  Charles  Brown       -  205 

Celtic  Etymology  -          -          -          -  205 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  : — Im- 
proverrents  in  the  Albumenized  Pro- 
cess—Mr. Crookes  on  restoring  old 
Collodion  —  Photographic  Queries  -  206 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —London. 
Fortifications— Burke's  Domestic  Cor- 
respondence —  Battle  of  Villers-en- 
Couche  —  "  I  could  not  love  thee, 
dear,  so  much  "  —  Sir  Charles  Cot- 
terell  —  Muffins  and  Crumpets  — 
"Clunk"  — Picts'  Houses  —  Tailless 
Cats  -  "  Cock-and-bull  story  "  —  Mar- 
ket Crosses  —  "  Largesse  —  Awk- 
ward, Awart,  Await  —  Morgan  Odo- 
herty  — Black  Rat  — Blue  Bells  of 
Scotland-  Grammars,  &c.  for  Public 
Schools -Warville  -  -  -  207 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &o.      -  -  -    210 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted       -    210 
Notices  to  Correspondents       -          -    211 


VOL.  IX.— No.  227. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


191 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  4,  1854. 


BURTON'S  "ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY." 

In  this  age  of  "  new  editions,"  it  is  a  wonder 
that  no  one  has  favoured  the  public  with  a  reprint, 
with  notes  variorum,  of  this  celebrated  English 
classic. 

Dr.  Dibdin,  in  a  note  to  his  edition  of  More's 
T7topia,  vol.  ii.  p.  97.,  says  : 

"  Whoever  will  be  at  the  trouble  of  consulting 
Part  II.  sect.  iv.  memb.  i.  subsect.  4.  of  the  last  folio 
edition  of  Burton  [1676],  will  see  how  it  varies  from 
the  first  folio  of  1624  ;  and  will,  in  consequence,  regret 
the  omission  of  the  notice  of  these  variations  in  the 
octavo  editions  of  Burton  recently  published." 

The  octavo  editions  here  referred  to  are  those 
of  1800  and  1806  ;  the  latter,  I  believe,  edited  by 
Edward  Du  Bois.  The  folio  of  1676  is,  in  all 
probability,  an  exact  reprint  of  that  of  1651, 
which  certainly  differs  considerably  from  those  of 
an  earlier  date.  Henry  Cripps,  the  publisher  of 
the  edition  of  1651,  has  the  following  notice: 

"  To  the  Reader. 

Be  pleased  to  know  .(courteous  Reader)  that  since 
the  last  impression  of  this  Book,  the  ingenuous  author 
of  it  is  deceased,  leaving  a  copy  of  it  exactly  corrected, 
with  several  considerable  additions  by  his  own  hand. 
This  copy  he  committed  to  my  care  and  custody,  with 
directions  to  have  those  additions  inserted  in  the  next 
edition  ;  which,  in  order  to  his  command  and  the  pub- 
licke  good,  is  faithfully  performed  in  this  last  impres- 
sion.  H.  C." 

Modern  writers  have  been  deeply  indebted  to 
old  Robert  Burton  ;  but  he,  in  his  turn,  was 
equally  indebted  to  earlier  writers.  Dr.  Dibdin 
remarks  : 

"  I  suspect  that  Burton,  the  author  of  the  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,  was  intimately  acquainted  with  Boias- 
tuan's  book  as  translated  by  Alday  ;  for  there  are 
passages  in  Burton's  'Love  Melancholy'  (the  most 
extraordinary  and  amusing  part  of  his  work),  which 
bear  a  very  strong  resemhlance  to  many  in  the  '  Gests 
and  Countenances  ridiculous  of  Lovers,'  at  p.  195.  of 
Boiastuan's  Theatre,  or  Rule,  of  the  World" 

The  title  of  the  curious  book  mentioned  in  this 
extract  is  — 

"  Theatrum  Mundi.  Theatre,  or  Rule  of  the  World  : 
Wherein  may  bee  seene  the  running  Race  and  Course 
of  everie  Mannes  Lyfe,  as  touching  Miserie  and  Feli- 
citie  :  whereunto  is  added  a  learned  Worke  of  the 
excellencie  of  Man.  Written  in  French  by  Peter 
Boiastuan.  Translated  by  John  Alday.  Printed  by 
Thomas  East,  for  John  Wright,  8vo.  1582." 

But  Burton  was  more  indebted  to  another  work, 
very  similar  in  title  and  matter  to  his  own  ;   I 


mean  Dr.  Bright' s  curious  little  volume,  of  which 
I  transcribe  the  title-page  in  full : 

"  A  Treatise  of  Melancholy  :  contayning  the  Causes 
thereof,  and  reasons  of  the  strange  Effects  it  worketh 
in  our  Minds  and  Bodies ;  with  the  Phisicke  Cure, 
and  Spirituall  Consolation  for  such  as  have  thereto 
adjoyned  afflicted  Conscience.  The  difference  betwixt 
it  and  Melancholy,  with  diverse  philosophical  Dis- 
courses touching  Actions,  and  Affections  of  Soule, 
Spirit,  and  Body  :  the  Particulars  whereof  are  to  be 
seene  before  the  Booke.  By  T.  Bright,  Doctor  of 
Phisicke.  Imprinted  at  London  by  John  Windet, 
sm,  8vo.  1586." 

It  has  been  remarked  that  Burton  does  not 
acknowledge  his  obligations  to  Bright.  This, 
however,  is  not  strictly  true,  as  the  former  ac- 
knowledges several  quotations  in  the  course  of  his 
work.  It  would  certainly  be  desirable,  in  the 
event  of  a  new  edition  of  the  Anatomy,  that  a 
comparison  of  the  two  books  should  be,  made.  As 
a  beginning  towards  this  end,  I  subjoin  a  table  of 
the  contents  of  Bright's  Treatise,  with  a  notice  of 
some  similar  passages  in  Burton's  Anatomy,  ar- 
ranged in  parallel  columns. 

I  may  just  add,  that  Bright's  Treatise  consists 
of  276  pages,  exclusive  of  a  dedication  "  To  the 
Right  Worshipful  M.  Peter  Osborne,"  &c.  (dated 
from  "  Little  S.  Bartlemews  by  Smithfield,  the 
13  of  May,  1586  ")  ;  and  an  address  "  To  his  Me- 
lancholick  Friend  M." 

All  that  is  known  of  his  biography  has  been 
collected  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  and  com- 
municated to  the  last  edition  of  Wood's  Athena. 
Oxonienses,  vol.  ii.  p.  174.  note. 


BRIGHT'S  "TREATISE  OF   MELAN- 
CHOLY," 1586. 


The  Contentes  of  the  Booke  accord- 
ing to  the  Chapters. 

1.  How   diversly  the  word  Me- 
lancholy is  taken. 

2.  The  c«  uses  of  naturall  melan- 
choly, and  of  the  excesse  thereof. 

3.  Whether  good  nourishment 
breede  melancholy,  by  fault  of  the 
body  turning  it  into  melancholy  : 
and  whether  such  humour  is  found 
in  nourishments,  or  rather  is  made 
of  them. 

4.  The   aunswere  to  objections 
made    against    the    breeding    of 
melancholicke    humour    out    of 
nourishment. 

5.  A  more  particular  and   far- 
ther answere  to  the  former  objec- 
tions. 

6.  The  causes  of  the  increase  and 
excesse  of  melancholicke  humour. 

7.  Of  the  melancholicke  excre- 

8.  What  burnt  choller  is,  and 
the  causes  thereof. 

9.  How    melancholic     worketh 
fearful  passions  in  the  mind. 

10.  How  the  body  affecteth  the 
soule. 

11.  Objections  againste  the  man- 
ner how  the  body  affecteth  the 
soule,  with  answere  thereunto. 

12.  A   farther   answere   to    the 
former  objections,  and  of  the  sim- 
ple facultie  of  the  soule,  and  onely 
organicall  of  spirit  and  body. 

13.  How  the  soule,  by  one  simple 
facultie,  performeth  so  many  and 
diverse  actions. 


BURTON'S  "  ANATOMY  OF  MELAN- 
CHOLY," edit.  1651. 


Parallel  Sections. 

Definition  of  Melancholy:  name, 
difference. 
The  causes  of  melancholy. 

Customs  of  dyet,  delight,  ap- 
petite, necessity  :  how  they  cause 
or  hinder. 


Dyet  rectified  in  substance. 


Immediate  cause  of  these  pre- 
edent  symptomes. 
Of  the  matter  of  melancholy. 


Symptomes    or   signes    in 
lind. 
Of  the  soul  and  her  faculties. 


the 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227. 


BRIGHT'S  "  THEATISF.   OF   HKLAN- 
CHOLY,"  1536. 

14.  The  particular  answeres  to 
the  objections  made  in   the  11th 
chapter. 

15.  Whether  perturbations  rise 
of  humour  or  not,  with  a  division 
of  the  perturbations. 

16.  Whetherperturbationswhich 
are  not  moved  by  outward  occa- 
sions rise  of  humour  or  not  :  and 
how? 

17.  How  melancholic  procureth 
feare,  sadnes,  despaire,  and  such 
passions. 

18.  Of  the    unnaturall    me^n- 
cholie  rising  by  adjustion  :    how 
it  affecteth  us  with  diverse  pas- 
sions. 

19.  How    sickness    and    yeares 
seeme  to  alter  the  mind,  and  the 
cause  ;   and  how  the  soule    hath 
practise  of  senses  separated  from 
the  body. 

20.  The  accidentes  which  befall 
melancholic  persons. 

21.  How    melancholic    altereth 
the  qualities  of  the  body. 

22.  How    melancholic    altereth 
those  actions  which  rise  out  of  the 
braine. 

23.  How  affections  be  altered. 
2-1.  The   causes   of  teares,   and 

their  saltnes. 

25.  Why  teares  endure  not  all 
the  time  of  the  cause  :  and  why  in 
weeping  commonly  the  finger  is 
put  in  the  eie. 

-  26.  Of  the  partes  of  weeping  : 
why  the  countenance  is  cast  down, 
the  forehead  lowreth,  the  nose 
droppeth,  the  lippe  trembleth,  &c. 

27.  The  causes  of  sobbing  and 
sighing :  and  how  weeping  easeth 
the  heart. 

28.  Howe    melancholic  causeth 
both  weeping  and  laughing,  with 
the  reasons  why. 

29.  The  causes  of  pushing  and 
bashfulness,  and  why  melancholic 
persons  are  given  therunto. 

30.  Of  the  naturall  actions   al- 
tered by  melancholic. 

31.  How    melancholic    altereth 
the  naturall  workes  of  the  body  : 
juice  and  excrement. 

32.  Of  the  affliction  of  conscience 
for  sinne. 

33.  Whether  the  afflicted  con- 
science be  of  melancholic. 

34.  The  particular  difference  be- 
twixt  melancholic    and   the   af- 
flicted   conscience    in  the    same 
person. 

35.  The  affliction  of  mind  :   to 
what  persons  it  befalleth,  and  by 
what  means. 

36.  A  consolation  to  the  afflicted 
conscience. 

37.  The  cure  of  melancholic  : 
and   how   melancholicke  persons 
are  to  order  themselves  in  actions 
Of  minde,  sense,  and  motion. 

38.  How  melancholicke  persona 
are  to  order  themselves  in  their 
affections. 

39.  How  melancholicke  persons 
are  to  order  themselves  in  the  rest 
of  their  diet,  and  what  choice  they 
are  to  make  of  ayre,  meate,  and 
armke.  house,  and  apparel). 

40.  The  cure  by  medicine  meete 
for  melancholicke  persons. 

41.  The  manner  of  strengthen- 
ing melancholicke  persons   after 
purging ;  with  correction  of  some 
ot  their  accidents. 


BURTON'S  "  ANATOMY  OF  MKLAN- 
cHOLv,"edit.  1651. 


Division  of  perturbations. 


Sorrow,  fear,  envy,  hatred,  ma- 
lice, anger,  &c.  causes. 


Symptomes 
choly. 


of     hcad-melan- 


Continent,  inward,  antecedent, 
next  causes,  and  how  the  body 
works  on  the  mind. 


An  heap  of  other  accidents  caus- 
ing melancholy. 

Distemperature  of  particular 
parts. 


Causes  of  these  symptomes  [i.  e. 
bashfuluess  arid  blushing]. 


Symptomes      of      melancholy 
abounding  in  the  whole  body. 

Guilty    conscience    for    offence 
committed. 


How  melancholy  and   despair 
differ. 


Passions  and  perturbations  of 
the  mind  ;  how  they  cause  melan- 
choly. 


Cure  of  melancholy  over  all  the 
body. 


Perturbations  of  the  mind  recti- 
fied. 


Dyet  rectified ;  ayre  rectified,  &c. 


Of  physick  which   cureth  with 
medicines. 
Correctors  of  accidents  to  procure 


EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 


ITS    DERIVATION. 


As  the  old  postulate  respecting  the  etymology 
of  this  important  word,  from  del&z/,  however  super- 
ficial, is  too  attractive  to  be  surrendered,  even  in 
the  present  day,  by  some  respectable  authorities, 
the  judgment  of  your  classical  correspondents  is 


requested,  as  to  the  accuracy  of  the  more  philo- 
sophical origin  of  the  term  which  has  been  adopted 
by  commentators  of  unquestionable  erudition  and 
undisputed  eminence. 

The  rule  by  which  those  distinguished  scholars, 
Lennep  and  Scheidius,  determine  the  etymology 
of  Al&v,  is  as  follows  : 

"  Nomina  In  cav  desinentia,  formata  ab  aliis  nomi- 
nibus,  coUectiva  sunt,  sive  copiam  earum  rerum,  qua? 
primitive  designantur  notant  —  ut  sunt  SevSphv,  a  SeV- 
5pof,  arboretum  ;  'EA.aiw?',  olivetum,  ab  "EAcuoz/  ;  'PoSwj', 
rosetum,  a  p6$ov  (also  the  nouns  a.~ynkv,  ayuv,  a.Kpe/j.(ay, 
$ov@uv,  Traicev,  irXovTcav,  iruyuv,  %nwv').  —  .  Nempe  for- 
mata videntur  ha2c  nomina  in.  <av,  a  genitivis  pluralibus 
substantivorum.  Genitivus  singularis  horum  nominum, 
in  uvos,  contractione  sua,  hanc  originem  satis  videtur 
demonstrare." 

In  immediate  reference  to  the  word  Al&v,  they 
say  : 

"  Acciw,  yEvum,  JEternitas.  Nomen  ex  eo  genere, 
quod  natura  sua  collectionem  et  muhitudinem  rerum 
notat  ;  ut  patet  ex  terminatione  coy.  Quernadmodum 
in  voce  del,  vidimus  earn  esse  translatam  eximie  ad  sig- 
nificationem  temporis,  ab  ilia  flandi,  spirandive,  quas  est 
in  origine  &w  ;  sic  in  nostro  AJ'&J/  eadem  translationis 
ratio  locum  habet  ;  ut  adeo  quasi  temporum  collectionem, 
vel  multitudinerk  significet.  A  qua  denuo  significa- 
tione  propria  profectae  sunt  eae,  quibus  vel  cewum,  vel 
ceternitatem,  vel  hominis  cetatem  descripsere  veteres. 
Formata  (vox)  est  a  nomine  inusitato  Albs,  vel  'A't'by, 
quod  ab  &'is,  cujus  naturam,  in  voce  ctel,  exposui. 
Casterum,  a  Grceco  nostro  Alwv,  interposito  digammate 
,  ortum  est  'Alfuf,  et  hinc  Lat.  ffivum." 


As  then  it  is  impossible  to  place  At'cbv,  whose 
genitive  is  Aluvos,  in  the  same  category  with  the 
derivatives  from  £*>,  the  participle  present  of  Ei>), 
whose  genitive  is  ovros  ;  and  as,  secondly,  this 
derivation  places  the  word  out  of  the  range  of  the 
collective  nouns  so  declined,  which  are  derived 
from  other  nouns,  as  this  appears  to  be,  can  the 
real  etymology  of  the  word  Alwv,  and  its  deriva- 
tives, remain  any  longer  a  matter  of  question  and 
debate  ?  C.  H.  P. 


WILLIAM   LYON,    BISHOP    OF    CORK,    CLOYNE,    AND 
ROSS. 

It  is  very  generally  believed  that  Dr.  William 
Lyon  (not  .Lyons,  as  he  is  sometimes  called)  was 
originally  in  the  navy ;  that  having  distinguished 
himself  in  several  actions  against  the  Spaniards, 
he  was  promised  by  Queen  Elizabeth  the  first 
crown  appointment  that  should  be  vacant;  and 
that  this  happening  to  be  the  see  of  Cork,  he  was 
appointed  to  it.  This  is  mentioned  in  other  works 
as  well  as  in  Mr.  Crofton  Croker's  very  agreeable 
Researches  in  the  South  of  Ireland,  p.  248. ;  and  I 
have  more  than  once  heard  it  given  as  a  remark- 
able instance  of  church  preferment. 


MAE.  4.  1854,] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


193 


Sir  James  Ware  informs  us  that  Bishop  Lyon 
was  Vicar  of  Naas  in  1573,  Vicar  of  Brandanston 
in  1580,  and  chaplain  to  Lord  Grey,  who  was  sent 
to  Ireland  as  Lord  Deputy  in  September,  1580. 
This  is  inconsistent  with  the  statement,  that  Queen 
Elizabeth  took  him  from  the  quarter-deck  to 
make  him  a  bishop,  inasmuch  as  he  was  in  holy 
orders,  and  in  possession  of  preferment  in  Ireland, 
nearly  ten  years  before  he  was  raised  to  the  highest 
order  in  the  ministry.  If,  therefore,  he  was  ever 
distinguished  for  gallantry  in  naval  warfare,  it 
must  have  been  before  1573;  for  we  have  no 
reason  to  suppose  that  the  Rev.  George  Walker, 
the  hero  of  Londonderry,  had  him  as  an  example. 
But,  as  no  action  with  the  Spaniards  could  have 
taken  place  prior  to  1577,  how  is  this  to  be  recon- 
ciled with  the  common  account,  that  his  gallantry 
against  them  attracted  the  notice  of  the  queen  ? 
In  a  miscellaneous  compilation,  entitled  Jeffer- 
son's Selections  (published  in  York  in  1795,  and 
indebted  for  its  information  about  Lyon  to  an  old 
newspaper,  which  gave  oral  tradition  as  its  sole 
authority),  we  are  told  that  his  picture,  in  the 
captain's  uniform,  the  left  hand  wanting  a  finger, 
is  still  to  be  seen  in  the  bishop's  palace  at  Cork. 
The  picture  is  there,  and  represents  him  certainly 
as  wanting  a  finger ;  he  is  dressed,  however,  not 
in  a  captain's  uniform,  but  in  a  very  scholar-like 
black  gown. 

I  know  not  how  Mr.  Croker  could  have  given 
the  year  1606  as  the  date  of  his  appointment  to 
the  see  of  Cloyne,  for  we  learn  from  Ware,  who  is 
no  mean  authority,  that  he  was  first  appointed 
to  the  see  of  Ross  in  1582 ;  that  the  sees  of  Cork 
and  Cloyne  were  given  to  him  in  commendam  in 
1583  (as  is  recorded  in  the  Consistorial  Court  of 
Cork),  and  that  the  three  sees  were  formally 
united  in  his  person  in  1586. 

In  1595  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners to  consider  the  best  means  of  peopling 
Monster  with  English  settlers,  and  of  establishing 
a  voluntary  composition  throughout  that  province 
in  lieu  of  cess  and  taxes ;  this  does  not  look  as  if 
he  had  been  an  illiterate  captain  of  a  ship,  or  one 
of  those  "  rude-bred  soldiers,  whose  education 
was  at  the  musket-mouth."  In  fact,  Ware  does 
not  seem  to  have  considered  him  remarkable  for 
anything  except  such  qualities  as  well  became  his 
order.  And  we  have  the  high  testimony  of  Arch- 
bishop Bramhall  (quoted  by  Ware),  that  "  Cork 
and  Ross  fared  the  best  of  any  bishoprick  in  that 
province,  a  very  good  man,  Bishop  Lyon,  having 
been  placed  there  early  in  the  Reformation." 

ABHBA. 


CURIOUS    MARRIAGE    AGREEMENT. 

The  original  of  the  following  paper  is  in  exist- 
ence in  this  city  : 

"  To  MBS.  DEBORAH  LEAMING. 

"  Madam. —  Seeing  I,  Jacob  Sprier,  have  addressed 
myself  to  you  upon  the  design  of  marriage,  I  therefore 
esteem  it  necessary  to  submit  to  your  consideration 
some  particulars,  before  we  enter  upon  that  solemn  en- 
terprise which  may  either  establish  our  happiness  or 
occasion  our  inquietude  during  life,  and  if  you  concur 
with  those  particulars,  I  shall  have  great  encourage- 
ment to  carry  my  design  into  execution  ;  and  since 
happiness  is  the  grand  pursuit  of  a  rational  creature, 
so  marriage  ought  not  to  be  attempted  short  of  a  pro- 
spect of  arriving  thereat ;  and  in  order  thereto  (should 
we  marry)  I  conceive  the  following  rules  and  parti- 
culars ought  to  be  steadily  observed  and  kept,  viz.  : 

"  1st.  That  we  keep  but  one  purse  :  a  severance  of 
interest  bespeaking  diffidence,  mistrust,  and  disunity  of 
mind. 

"  2nd.  That  we  avoid  anger  as  much  as  possible, 
especially  with  each  other;  but  if  either  should  be 
overtaken  therewith,  the  other  to  treat  the  angry  party 
with  temper  and  moderation  during  the  continuance  of 
such  anger;  and  afterwards,  if  need  require,  let  the 
matter  of  heat  be  coolly  discussed  when  reason  shall 
resume  its  government. 

"  3rd.  As  we  have  different  stocks  of  children  to 
which  we  are  and  ought  to  be  strongly  attached  by 
ties  of  nature,  so  it's  proper  when  such  children  or  any 
of  them  need  correction,  it  be  administered  by  the 
party  from  whom  they  have  descended ;  unless,  in  the 
opinion  of  both  parties,  it  shall  be  thought  necessary  to 
be  otherwise  administered  for  the  children's  good. 

"  4th.  That  no  difference  or  partiality  be  made  with 
respect  to  such  children  who  live  with  us  in  point  of 
common  usage  touching  education,  food,  raiment,  and 
treatment,  otherwise  than  as  age,  circumstance,  and 
convenience  may  render  it  necessary,  to  be  agreed  upon 
between  us,  and  grounded  upon  reason. 

"5th.  That  civility,  courtesy,  and  kind  treatment 
be  always  exercised  and  extended  towards  such  child 
or  children  that  now  is  or  hereafter  may  be  removed 
from  us. 

"  6th.  That  we  use  our  mutual  endeavours  to  in- 
struct, counsel,  improve,  admonish,  and  advise  all  our 
children,  without  partiality,  for  their  general  good; 
arid  that  we  ardently  endeavour  to  promote  both  their 
temporal  and  eternal  welfare. 

"  7th.  That  each  of  us  use  our  best  endeavours  to 
inculcate  upon  the  minds  of  our  respective  stocks  of 
children  a  venerable  and  honourable  opinion  of  the 
other  of  us ;  and  avoid  as  much  as  possible  any  insinu- 
ation that  may  have  a  different  tendency. 

"  8th.  That  in  matters  where  either  of  us  is  more 
capable  of  judging  than  the  other  of  us,  and  best  ac- 
quainted therein,  that  the  person  so  most  capable  of 
judging,  and  best  acquainted,  do  follow  his  or  her  own 
judgment  without  control,  unless  the  other  shall  be  able 
to  give  a  sufficient  reason  to  the  contrary  ;  then,  and  in 
such  case,  the  same  to  be  conclusive ;  and  that  we  do 
adhere  to  each  other  in  things  reasonable  and  expedient 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227, 


with  a  mutual  condescension,  and  also  advise  with  and 
consult  each  other  in  matters  of  importance. 

"  9th.  That  if  any  misunderstanding  should  arise, 
the  same  be  calmly  canvassed  and  accommodated  be- 
tween ourselves,  without  admitting  the  interposition  of  . 
any  other,  or  seeking  a  confident  to  either  to  reveal 
our  mind  unto,  or  sympathise  withal  upon  the  oc- 
casion. 

"  10th.  That  no  suspicious  jealousies  of  any  kind 
whatever  be  harboured  in  our  breasts,  without  absolute 
or  good  circumstantial  evidence  ;  and  if  conceived  upon 
proof  or  strong  presumption,  the  same  to  be  communi- 
cated to  the  suspected  person,  in  temper  and  modera- 
tion, and  not  told  to  another. 

"llth.  That  we  be  just,  chaste,  and  continent  to 
each  other;  and  should  either  prove  otherwise,  that 
then  we  separate,  notwithstanding  the  most  solemn  ties 
to  the  contrary,  unless  it  shall  suit  the  injured  party  to 
forgive  the  injury  and  continue  the  coverture ;  and  in 
case  of  separation,  each  of  us  to  keep  such  share  of 
wealth  as  we  were  possessed  of  when  we  came  together, 
if  it  remains  in  the  same  state,  as  to  quantum  ;  but  if 
over  or  under,  then  in  proportion  to  what  we  originally 
had. 

"  1 2th.  That  we  neither  give  into,  nor  countenance 
any  ill  advisers  who  may  have  a  design  to  mar  our 
happiness,  and  sow  discord  between  us. 

"  1 3th.  That  in  matters  of  religious  concernment,  we 
be  at  liberty  to  exercise  our  sentiments  freely  without 
control. 

"  14th.  That  we  use  our  mutual  endeavours  to  in- 
crease our  affection,  cultivate  our  harmony,  promote 
our  happiness,  and  live  in  the  fear  of  God,  and  in 
obedience  to  His  righteous  laws. 

"  1 5th.  That  we  use  the  relatives  of  each  other  with 
friendly  kindness ;  and  that  the  same  be  extended  to  our 
friends  and  benefactors,  mutually,  without  grudging. 

"  16th.  That  the  survivor  of  us  endeavour,  after  the 
death  of  either  of  us,  to  maintain  the  reputation  and 
dignity  of  the  deceased,  by  avoiding  levity  of  behaviour, 
dissoluteness  of  life,  and  disgraceful  marriage  ;  not 
only  so,  but  that  such  survivor  persevere  in  good  offices 
to  the  children  of  the  deceased,  as  a  discreet,  faithful, 
and  honourable  survivor  ought  to  do. 

"  17th.  That  in  case  Jacob  Sprier,  after  trial,  shall 
not  think  it  for  his  interest,  or  agreeable  to  his  disposi- 
tion, to  live  at  the  plantation  where  Deborah  Learning 
now  resides,  then,  and  in  such  case,  she  to  remove  with 
him  elsewhere  upon  a  prospect  promising  to  better  his 
circumstances  or  promote  his  happiness,  provided  the 
1  landed  interest  of  the  said  Deborah's  late  husband  be 
taken  proper  care  of  for  the  benefit  of  her  son  Christo- 
pher. 

"  18th.  That  the  said  Jacob^  Sprier  be  allowed  from 
time  to  time  to  purchase  such  books  from  our  joint  stock 
as  he  shall  think  necessary  for  the  advantage  and  im- 
provement of  himself  and  our  children  jointly,  or  either 
of  them,  without  grudging. 

"  19th.  That  the  said  Jacob  Sprier  do  continue  to 
keep  Elisha  Hughes,  and  perform  his  express  agree- 
ment  to  him  according  to  indenture  already  executed, 
and  discharge  the  trust  reposed  in  him  the  said  Sprier 
by  the  mother  of  the  said  Elisha,  without  grudging  or 
complaint. 


"  20th.  And  as  the  said  Deborah  Learning,  and  the 
said  Jacob  Sprier,  are  now  something  advanced  in  years, 
and  ought  to  take  the  comfort  of  life  as  free  from  hard 
toil  as  convenience  will  admit,  therefore  neither  of 
them  be  subject  thereunto  unless  in  case  of  emergence, 
and  this  exemption  to  be  no  ways  censured  by  each 
other,  provided  they  supervise,  contrive,  and  do  the 
light  necessary  services  incumbent  on  the  respective 
heads  of  a  family,  not  omitting  to  cultivate  their  minds 
when  convenience  will  admit. 

"21st.  That  if  anything  be  omitted  in  the  fore- 
going rules  and  particulars,  that  may  conduce  to  our 
future  happiness  and  welfare,  the  same  to  be  hereafter 
supplied  by  reason  and  discretion,  as  often  as  occa- 
sion shall  require. 

"  22nd.  That  the  said  Jacob  Sprier  shall  not  upbraid 
the  said  Deborah  Learning  with  the  extraordinary  in- 
dustry and  good  economy  of  his  deceased  wife,  neither 
shall  the  said  Deborah  Learning  upbraid  the  said  Jacob 
Sprier  with  the  like  extraordinary  industry  and  good 
economy  of  her  deceased  husband,  neither  shall  any- 
thing of  this  nature  be  observed  by  either  to  the  other 
of  us,  with  any  view  to  offend  or  irritate  the  party  to 
whom  observed ;  a  thing  too  frequently  practised  in  a 
second  marriage,  and  very  fatal  to  the  repose  of  the 
parties  married. 

"  I,  Deborah  Learning,  in  case  I  marry  with  Jacob 
Sprier,  do  hereby  promise  to  observe  and  perform  the 
before-going  rules  and  particulars,  containing  twenty- 
two  in  number,  to  the  best  of  my  power.  As  witness 
my  hand,  the  16th  day  of  Decem'r,  1751  : 

(Signed)  "  DEBORAH  LEAKING. 

"  I,  Jacob  Sprier,  in  case  I  marry  with  Deborah 
Learning,  do  hereby  promise  to  observe  and  perform 
the  before-going  rules  and  particulars,  containing 
twenty  two  in  number,  to  the  best  of  my  power.  As 
witness  my  hand,  the  16th  day  of  December,  1751  : 
(Signed)  "  JACOB  SPRIER." 

OLDBUCK. 
Philadelphia. 


ANCIENT    AMERICAN    LANGUAGES. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  vi.,  pp.60,  61.) 

Since  communicating  to  you  a  short  list  of  a 
few  books  I  had  noted  as  having  reference  to  this 
obscure  subject,  I  have  stumbled  over  a  few  others 
which  bear  special  reference  to  the  Quichua  ;  and 
of  which  I  beg  to  send  you  a  short  account,  which 
may  be  worthy  a  place  in  your  valuable  pages. 

The  first  work  upon  the  Quichua  language,  of 
which  I  find  mention,  is  a  grammar  of  the  Peru- 
vian Indians  (Gramatica  6  arte  general  de  la 
lengua  de  los  Indios  del  Peru},  by  the  brother 
Domingo  de  San  Thomas,  published  in  Valladolid 
in  1560;  and  republished  in  the  same  year  with 
an  appendix,  being  a  Vocabulary  of  the  Quichua. 
The  demand  for  the  first  edition  appears  to  have 
been  considerable ;  or,  what  is  more  likely,  from 
the  extreme  rarity  of  the  work,  the  careful  author 


MAK.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


195 


suppressed  or  called  in  the  first  edition,  in  order 
to  add,  for  the  benefit  of  his  purchasers,  the  voca- 
bulary which  he  had  found  time  to  prepare  within 
the  year. 

The  work  of  San  Thomas  seems  to  have  glutted 
the  market  for  some  twenty  years  ;  for  we  do  not 
find  that  any  one  made  a  collection  of  words  or 
grammatical  forms  until  the  year  1586,  when 
Antonio  Ricardo  published  a  kind  of  introduction 
to  the  Quichua,  having  sole  reference  to  that 
language,  without  anything  more  than  an  explan- 
ation in  Spanish.*  This  work,  like  that  of  his 
predecessor,  was  immediately  remodelled  and  re- 
published  in  a  very  much  extended  form  in  the 
same  year.  Ricardo's  books  are  amongst  the  first 
printed  in  that  part  of  America. 

Diego  de  Torres  Rubio  is  the  next  writer  of 
whom  I  am  cognizant.  He  published  at  Seville, 
in  1603,  a  grammar  and  vocabulary  of  the  Qui- 
chua;  the  subject  still  continuing  to  attract  at- 
tention. Still,  as  was  to  be  expected,  the  Quichua 
language  was  of  more  consequence  to  the  Spa- 
niards of  Peru.  No  doubt,  therefore,  that  Father 
Juan  Martinez  found  a  ready  sale  for  his  vocabu- 
lary, published  at  Los  Reyes  in  1604.  Indeed, 
the  subject  is  now  attracting  the  attention  of  the 
eminent  Diego  Gonzalez  Holguin,  who  published 
first,  a  new  grammar  (Gramatica  nueva)  of  the 
Quichua  and  Inca  dialect,  in  four  books,  at  the 
press  of  Francisco  del  Canto,  in  Los  Reyes,  1607  ; 
and  second,  a  vocabulary  of  the  language  of  the 
whole  of  Peru  (de  todo  el  Peru),  in  the  same  year 
and  at  the  same  press. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  as  confuting  somewhat 
fully  the  assertion  of  Prescott  (Conquest  of  Peru, 
vol.  ii.  p.  188.),  that  the  Spanish  name  of  Ciudad 
de  los  Reyes  ceased  to  be  used  in  speaking  of 
Lima  "  within  the  first  generation,"  that  the  books 
of  Ricardo,  Holguin,  and  Huerta  (of  whom  pre- 
sently) are  all  stated  to  have  been  printed  in  the 
Ciudad  de  los  Reyes,  though  the  latest  of  these 
appeared  in  1616."  In  1614,  however,  to  confine 
myself  strictly  to  the  bibliographical  inquiry  sug- 
gested by  the  heading  of  my  article,  a  method 
and  vocabulary  of  the  Quichua  did  appear  from 
Canto's  press,  dated  Lima, — a  corruption,  as  is 
well  known,  of  the  word  Rimac. 

That,  however,  the  Castilian  name  should  be 
employed  later,  is  curious.  At  any  rate,  it  occurs 
for  the  last  time  on  the  title  of  a  work  printed  by 
the  same  printer,  Canto,  in  1616;  and  written  by 
Don  Alonso  de  Huerta,  the  old  title  being  ad- 
hered to,  probably  from  some  cause  unknown  to 
us,  but  possibly  in  consequence  of  old  aristocratic 
opinions  and  prejudices  in  favour  of  the  Spanish 
name.  That  the  name  of  Lima  had  obtained  con- 
siderably even  in  the  time  of  the  Conquerors,  Mr. 

*  Arte  y  Vocabulario  de  la  lengua,  Uamada  quichua. 
En  la  Ciudad  de  los  Reyes,  1 586,  8vo. 


Prescott  has  sufficiently  proved  ;  but  as  an  official 
and  recognised  name  it  evidently  existed  to  a  later 
period  than  the  historian  has  mentioned. 

The  work  of  Torres  Rubio,  already  mentioned, 
was  reprinted  in  Lima  by  Francisco  Lasso  in  1619. 
From  this  time  forward,  the  subject  of  the  native 
language  of  Peru  seems  to  have  occupied  the 
attention  of  many  writers.  A  quarto  grammar 
was  published  by  Diego  de  Olmos  in  1633  of  the 
Indian  language,  as  the  Quichuan  now  came  to  be 
called. 

Eleven  years  later,  we  find  Fernando  de  Car- 
rera,  curate  and  vicar  of  San  Martin  de  Reque, 
publishing  an  elaborate  work  bearing  the  follow- 
ing title  : 

"  Arte  de  la  lengua  yunga  de  los  valles  del  obispado 
de  Truxillo;  con  un  confesonario  y  todas  las  oraciones 
cotidianas  y  otras  cosas  :  Lima,  por  Juan  de  Con- 
treras,  1644,  16mo." 

Grammars  and  methods  here  follow  thick  and 
fast.  A  few  years  after  Carrera's  book,  in  1648, 
comes  Don  Juan  Roxo  Mexia  y  Ocon,  natural  de 
Cuzco,  as  he  proudly  styles  himself,  with  a  method 
of  the  Indian  language  :  and  after  a  few  insig- 
nificant works,  again  another  in  1691,  by  Estevan 
Sancho  de  Melgar. 

The  most  common  works  on  the  Quichua  are 
the  third  and  fourth  editions  of  Torres  Rubio, 
published  at  Lima  in  the  years  1700  and  1754. 
Of  these  two  works,  done  with  that  care  and  evi- 
dent pleasure  which  Jesuits  always,  and  perhaps 
only,  bestow  upon  these  difficult  by-roads  of  phi- 
lology, I  need  say  no  more,  as  they  are  very  well 
known. 

Before  I  close  this  communication,  allow  me  to 
suggest  to  the  readers  and  contributors  to  the 
truly  valuable  "  N.  &  Q.,"  that  no  tittle  of  know- 
ledge concerning  these  early  philological  researches 
ought  to  be  allowed  to  remain  unrecorded ;  and 
with  the  position  which  the  "  N.  &  Q."  occupies, 
and  the  facilities  that  journal  offers  for  the  pre- 
servation of  these  stray  scraps  of  knowledge,  surely 
it  would  not  be  amiss  to  send  them  to  the  Editor, 
and  let  him  decide,  as  he  is  very  capable  of  doing, 
as  to  their  value.  KENNETH  R.  H.  MACKENZIE. 

February  20.  1 854. 


CONDUITT   AND   NEWTON. 

In  the  prospectus  of  a  new  Life  of  sir  Isaac 
Newton,  by  sir  David  Brewster,  it  is  stated  that 
in  examining  the  papers  at  Hurstbourne  Park, 
the  seat  of  the  earl  of  Portsmouth,  the  discovery 
had  been  made  of  "copious  materials  which  Mr. 
Conduit  had  collected  for  a  life  of  Newton,  which 
had  never  been  supposed  to  exist" 

About  the  year  1836  I  consulted  the  principal 
biographers  of  Newton  —  Conduitt,  Fontenelle, 
Birch,  Philip  Nichols,  Thomas  Thomson,  Biot, 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  227. 


Brewster  —  and  I  have  ever  since  believed  that 
such  materials  did  exist. 

We  are  assured  by  Mr.  Edmund  Turner,  in  the 
preface  to  his  History  of  Grantham,  printed  in 
1806,  which  work  is  quoted  in  the  prospectus, 
that  the  manuscripts  at  Hurstbourne  Park  then 
chiefly  consisted  of  some  pocket-books  and  memo- 
randums of  sir  Isaac  Newton,  and  "  the  information 
obtained  by  Mr.  Conduitt  for  the  purpose  of 
writing  his  life."  Moreover,  the  collections  of 
Mr.  Conduitt  are  repeatedly  quoted  in  that  work 
as  distinct  from  the  memoirs  which  were  sent  to 
M.  de  Fontenelle. 

I  shall  give  another  anecdote  in  refutation  of 
the  statement  made  in  the  prospectus,  albeit  a 
superfluity.  In  1730  the  author  of  The  Seasons 
republished  his  Poem  to  the  memory  of  sir  Isaac 
Newton,  with  the  addition  of  the  lines  which  fol- 
low, and  which  prove  that  he  was  aware  of  the 
task  on  which  Mr.  Conduitt  was  then  occupied. 
The  lines,  it  should  be  observed,  have  been  omit- 
ted in  all  the  editions  printed  since  1738. 

"  This,  CoxnuiTT,  from  thy  rural  hours  we  hope; 
As  through  the  pleasing  shade,  where  nature  pours 
Her  every  sweet,  in  studious  ease  you  walk ; 
The  social  passions  smiling  at  thy  heart, 
That  glows  with  all  the  recollected  sage."  , 

The  pleasing  shade  indicates  the  grounds  of 
Cranbury-lodge,  in  Hampshire,  the  seat  of  Mr. 
Conduitt — whose  guest  the  poet  seems  previously 
to  have  been. 

Some  inedited  particulars  of  the  life  of  Mr. 
Conduitt,  drawn  from  various  sources,  I  reserve 
for  another  occasion.  BOLTON  CORNET. 


The  Music  in  Middletorfs  Tragi-  Comedy  of  the 
"Witch." — Joseph  Ritson,  in  a  letter  addressed 
to  J.  C.  Walker  (July,  1797),  printed  in  Picker- 
ing's edition  of  Ritson's  Letters  (vol.  ii.  p.  156.) 
has  the  following  passage  :  — 

"  It  may  be  to  your  purpose,  at  the  same  time,  to 
know  that  the  songs  in  Middleton's  Witch,  which  ap- 
pear also  to  have  been  introduced  in  Macbeth,  begin- 
ning, '  Hecate,  Hecate,  come  away,'  and  '  Black  spirits 
and  white,'  have  (as  1  am  informed)  been  lately  dis- 
covered in  MS.  with  the  complete  harmony,  as  per- 
formed at  the  original  representation  of  these  plays. 
You  will  find  the  words  in  a  note  to  the  late  editions 
of  Shakspeare ;  and  I  shall,  probably,  one  of  these 
days,  obtain  a  sight  of  the  musick." 

The  MS.  here  mentioned  was  in  the  collection 
of  the  late  Mr.  J.  Stafford  Smith,  one  of  the 
Organists  of  the  Chapel  Royal.  At  the  sale  of 
this  gentleman's  valuable  library  it  passed,  with 
many  other  treasures  of  a  similar  nature,  into  my 
possession,  where  it  now  remains. 

EDWARD  F.  RIMBATJLT. 


Mr.  Macaiday  and  Sir  Archibald  Alison  in  error- 
—  How  was  it  that  Mr.  Macaulay,  in  two  editions 
of  his  History,  placed  the  execution  of  Lord  Rus- 
sell on  Tower  Hill  ?  Did  it  not  take  place  in 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  ?  And  why  does  Sir  A.  Ali- 
son, in  the  volume  of  his  History  just  published, 
speak  of  the  children  of  Catherine  of  Arragon  ?" 
and  likewise  inform  us  that  Locke  was  expelled 
from  Cambridge  ?  Was  he  not  expelled  from  the 
University  of  Oxford  ?  ABHBA. 

"Paid  down  upon  the  nail."  —  The  origin  of  this 
phrase  is  thus  stated  in  the  Recollections  of 
O'Keefe  the  dramatist : 

"  An  ample  piazza  under  the  Exchange  [in  Lime- 
rick] was  a  thoroughfare  :  in  the  centre  stood  a  pillar 
about 'four  feet  high,  and  upon  it  a  circular  plate  of 
copper  about  three  feet  in  diameter :  this  was  called 
the  nail,  and  on  it  was  paid  the  earnest  for  any  com- 
mercial bargains  made  ;  which  was  the  origin  of  the 
saying,  '  Paid  down  upon  the  rrtiil.'  " 
But  perhaps  the  custom,  of  which  Mr.  O'Keefe 
speaks,  was  common  to  other  ancient  towns  ? 

ABHBA. 

Corpulence  a  Crime.  —  Mr.  Bruce  has  written, 
in  his  Classic  and  Historic  Portraits,  that  the 
ancient  Spartan  paid  as  much  attention  to  the 
rearing  of  men  as  the  cattle  dealers  in  modern 
England  do  to  the  breeding  of  cattle.  They  took 
charge  of  firmness  and  looseness  of  men's  flesh ; 
and  regulated  the  degree  of  fatness  to  which  it 
was  lawful,  in  a  free  state,  for  any  citizen  to  ex- 
tend his  body.  Those  who  dared  to  grow  too  fat, 
or  too  soft  for  military  exercise  and  the  service  of 
Sparta,  were  soundly  whipped.  In  one  particular 
instance,  that  of  Nauclis,  the  son  of  Polytus,  the 
offender  was  brought  before  the  Ephori,  and  a 
meeting  of  the  whole  people  of  Sparta,  at  which 
his  unlawful  fatness  was  publicly  exposed ;  and 
he  was  threatened  with  perpetual  banishment  if 
he  did  not  bring  his  body  within  the  regular 
Spartan  compass,  and  give  up  his  culpable  mode 
of  living ;  which  was  declared  to  be  more  worthy 
of  an  Ionian  than  a  son  of  Lacedsemon.  W.  W. 

Curious  Tender. — 

"  If  any  young  clergyman,  somewhat  agreeable  in 
person,  and  who  has  a  small  fortune  independent,  can 
be  well  recommended  as  to  strictness  of  morals  and 
good  temper,  firmly  attached  to  the  present  happy 
establishment,  and  is  willing  to  engage  in  the  matri- 
monial estate  with  an  agreeable  young  lady  in  whose 
power  it  is  immediately  to  bestow  a  living  of  nearly 
100Z.  per  annum,  in  a  very  pleasant  situation,  with  a 
good  prospect  of  preferment,  —  any  person  whom  this 
may  suit  may  leave  a  line  at  the  bar  of  the  Union 
Coffee  House  in  the  Strand,  directed  to  Z.  Z.,  within 
three  days  of  this  advertisement.  The  utmost  secrecy 
and  honour  may  be  depended  upon."  —  London  Chro- 
nicle, March,  1758. 

E.  H.  A. 


MAE.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


The  Year  1854.  —  This  year  commenced  and 
will  terminate  on  a  Sunday.  In  looking  through 
the  Almanac,  it  will  be  seen  that  there  are  five 
Sundays  in  five  months  of  the  year,  viz.  in  January, 
April,  July,  October,  and  December :  five  Mon- 
days in  January,  May,  July,  and  October;  five 
Tuesdays  in  January,  May,  August,  and  October  ; 
five  Wednesdays  in  March,  May,  August,  and 
November;  five  Thursdays,  in  March,  June, 
August,  and  November ;  five  Fridays  in  March, 
June,  September,  and  December ;  five  Saturdays 
in  April,  July,  September,  and  December ;  and, 
lastly,  fifty-three  Sundays  in  the  year. 

The  age  of  her  Majesty  the  Queen  is  thirty-five, 
or  seven  times  five ;  and  the  age  of  Prince  Albert 
the  same. 

Last  Christmas  having  fallen  on  the  Sunday,  I 
am  reminded  of  the  following  lines  : 

"  Lordings  all  of  you  I  warn, 
If  the  day  that  Christ  was  born 
Fall  upon  a  Sunday, 
The  winter  shall  be  good  I  say, 
But  great  winds  aloft  shall  be ; 
The  summer  shall  be  fine  and  dry. 
By  hind  skill,  and  without  loss, 
Through  all  lands  there  shall  be  peace. 
Good  time  for  all  things  to  be  done; 
But  he  that  stealeth  shall  be  found  soon. 
What  child  that  day  born  may  be, 
A  great  lord  he  shall  live  to  be." 

w.  w. 

Malta. 

A  Significant  Hint. — The  following  lines  were 
communicated  to  me  by  a  friend  some  years  ago, 
as  having  been  written  by  a  blacksmith  of  the 
village  of  Tideswell  in  Derbyshire ;  who,  having 
often  been  reproved  by  the  parson,  or  ridiculed  by 
Lis  neighbours,  for  drunkenness,  placed  them  on 
the  church  door  the  day  after  the  event  they  com- 
memorate : 

"  Ye  Tideswellites,  can  this  be  true, 

Which  Fame's  loud  trumpet  brings ; 
That  ye,  to  view  the  Cambrian  Prince, 

Forsook  the  King  of  Kings  ? 
{  That  when  his  rattling  chariot  wheels, 

Proclaimed  his  Highness  near, 
Ye  trod  upon  each  others'  heels, 

To  leave  the  house  of  prayer. 
Be  wise  next  time,  adopt  this  plan, 

Lest  ye  be  left  i'  th'  lurch  ; 
And  place  at  th'  end  of  th'  town  a  man 

To  ask  him  into  Church." 

It  is  said  that,  on  the  occasion  of  the  late  Prince 
of  Wales  passing  through  Tideswell  on  a  Sunday, 
a  man  was  placed  to  give  notice  of  his  coming, 
and  the  parson  and  his  flock  rushed  out  to  see  him 
pass  at  full  gallop.  E.  P.  PALING. 

Chorley. 


LITERARY    QUERIES. 

MR.  RICHARD  BINGHAM  will  feel  grateful  to 
any  literary  friend  who  may  be  able  to  assist  him 
in  solving  some  or  all  of  the  following  difficulties. 

1.  Where  does  Panormitan  or  Tudeschis  (Com- 
mentar.  in  Quinque  Lilros  Decretaliwn)  apply  the 
term  nullatenenses  to  titular  and  Utopian  bishops  ? 
See  Origines  Ecclesiastics,  4.  6.  2. 

2.  In  which  of  his  books  does  John  Bale,  Bishop 
of  Ossory,  speaking  of  the  monks  of  Bangor,  term 
them  "  Apostolica's  ?  "     See  Ibid.,  7.  2.  13. 

3.  Where  does  Erasmus  say  that  the  preachers 
of  the  Roman  Church  invoked  the  Virgin  Mary 
in  the  beginning  of  their  discourses,  much  as  the 
heathen  poets  were  used  to  invoke  their  Muses  ? 
See  Ibid.,  14.  4.  15. ;  and  Ferrarius  de  Ritu  Con- 
cionum,  1. 1.  c.  xi. 

4.  Bona  (Rcr.  Liturg.,  1.  n.  c.  ii.  n.  1.)  speaks  of 
an  epistle  from  Athanasius  to  Eustathius,  where 
he  inveighs  against  the  Arian  bishops,  who  in  the 
beginning  of  their  sermons  said  "Pax  vobiscum!" 
while  they  harassed  others,  and  were  tragically  at 
war.     But  the  learned  Bingham.  (14.  4. 14.)  passes 
this  by,  and  leaves  it  with  Bona,  because  there 
is  no   such   epistle  in  the  works  of  Athanasius. 
Where  else  ?   How  can  Bona's  error  be  corrected? 
or  is  there  extant  in  operibus  Athanasii  a  letter  of 
his  to  some  other  person,  containing  the  expres- 
sions to  which  Bona  refers  ? 

5.  In  another  place  (Rer.  Liturg.,  1.  u.  c.  4.  n.  3.) 
Bona  refers  to  torn.  iii.  p.  307.  of  an  Auctor  An- 
tiquitatum  Liturgicarum  for  certain  formulae ;  and 
Joseph  Bingham  (15.  1.2.)  understands  him  to 
mean  Pamelius,  whose  work  does  not  exceed  two 
volumes.      Neither  does  Pamelius  notice  at   all 
the  first  of  the  two  formulce,  though  he  has  the 
second,  or  nearly  the  same.     How  can  this  also  be 
explained  ?     And  to  what  work,  either  anonymous 
or  otherwise,   did  Bona  refer  in  his   expression 
"  Auctor  Antiquitatum  Liturgicarum  ?  " 

6.  In  which  old  edition  of  Gratiani  Decretum, 
probably  before  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  can  be  found  the  unmutilated  glosses  of 
John  Semeca,  surnamed  Teutonicus  ?  and  espe- 
cially the  gloss  on  De  Consecrat.,  Distinct.  4.  c.  4., 
where  he  says  that  even  in  his  time  (1250  ?)  the 
custom  still  prevailed  in  some  places  of  giving  the 
eucharist  to  babes  ?   See  Orig.  Ecclesiast.,  15. 4.  7. 

7.  Joseph  Bingham  (16.  3.  6.)  finds  fault  with 
Baronius  for  asserting  that  Pope  Symmachus  ana- 
thematized the  Emperor  Anastasius,  and  asserts 
that  instead  of  Ista  quidem  ego,  as  given  by  Ba- 
ronius and  Binius,  in  the  epistle  of  Symmachus, 
Ep.  vii.  al.  vi.  (see  also  Labbe  and  Cossart,  t.  iv. 
p.  1298.),  the  true  reading  is  Ista  quidem  nego. 
How  can  this  be  verified  ?     The  epistle  is  not  ex- 
tant either  in  Crabbe  or  Merlin.     Is  the  argument 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227. 


of  J.  B.  borne  out  by  any  good  authority,  either 
in  manuscript  or  print  ? 

MB.  BINGHAM  will  feel  further  obliged  if  the 
Replies  to  any  or  all  of  these  Queries  be  forwarded 
direct  to  his  address  at  57.  Gloucester  Place, 
Portman  Square,  London. 


Hunter  ofPolmood  in  Tweed- dale. — Where  can 
the  pedigree  of  the  Hunters  ofPolmood,  in  Peeble- 
shire,  be  seen  ?  HUFREER. 

Dintevitte  Family.  —  Of  the  family  of  Dintevilte 
there  were  at  this  time,  viz.  1530,  two  knights  of 
the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem.  1st.  Pierre 
de  Dinteville,  Commander  of  Troyes,  and  Senes- 
chal of  his  Order  ;  son  of  Claude  de  Dinteville, 
Seigneur  de  Polisi  and  Chevets  in  Burgundy,  and 
his  wife  Jeanne  de  la  Beaume,  daughter  of  the 
Lord  of  Mont  St.  Sorlin.  The  other  was  nephew 
to  the  Pierre  above  mentioned,  son  of  his  younger 
brother  Gaudier,  Lord  of  Polisi,  &c. ;  and  his 
•wife,  Anne  du  Plessis  d'Ouschamps.  His  name 
was  Louis  de  Dinteville :  he  was  born  June  25, 
1503  ;  was  Commander  of  Tupigni  and  Villedieu, 
and  died  at  Malta,  July  22, 1531  ;  leaving  a  natural 
son,  Maria  de  Dinteville,  Abbe  of  St.  Michael  de 
Tonnerre,  who  was  killed  in  Paris  by  a  pistol-shot 
in  1574.  The  brother  of  this  Chevalier  Louis, 
Jean,  Seign.  of  Polisi,  &c.,  was  ambassador  in 
England,  and  died  a  cripple  A.D.  1555. 

Query,  Which  was  the  "Dominus"  of  the  king's 
letter  ?  ANON. 

Eastern  Practice  of  Medicine.  —  I  shall  feel 
indebted  to  any  correspondent  who  will  refer  me 
to  some  works  on  the  theory  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine as  pursued  by  the  native  practitioners  of 
India  and  the  East  generally  ? 

C.  CLIFTON  BARRY. 

Sunday.  —  When  and  where  does  Sunday  be- 
gin or  end  ?  T.  T.  W. 

Three  Picture  Queries,  —  1.  Kugler  (Schools  of 
'Painting  in  Italy,  edited  by  Sir  Charles  Eastlake, 
2nd  edit.,  1851,  Part  II.  p.  284.),  speaking  of 
Leonardo  da  Vinci's  cartoon,  representing  the 
victory  of  the  Florentines  jn  1440  over  Nicolo 
Picinnino,  general  of  the  Duke  of  Milan,  and 
which  has  now  perished,  says  : 

"  Rubens  copied  from  Leonardo's,  a  group  of  four 
horsemen  fighting  for  a  standard  :  this  is  engraved  by 
Edelingk,  and  is  just  sufficient  to  make  us  bitterly 
deplore  the  loss  of  this  rich  and  grand  work." 

Does  this  picture  exist?     Does  Edelingk's  en- 
graving state  in  whose  possession  it  was  then  ? 

2.  Where  can  I  find  any  account  of  a  painter 
named  St.  Denis  ?  From  his  name  and  style,  he 


appears  to  have  been  French,  and  to  have  flou- 
rished subsequently  to  1700. 

3.  Titian  painted  Charles  III.,  Duke  of  Bour- 
bon and  Constable  of  France,  who  was  killed 
May  6,  1527,  at  the  siege  of  Rome.  Where  is  this 
picture?  It  is  said  to  have  been  engraved  by 
Norsterman.  Where  may  I  see  the  engraving  ? 

ARTHUR  PAGET. 

"  Cutting  off  with  a  Shilling:'  —  This  is  under- 
stood to  have  arisen  from  the  notion  that  the  heir 
could  not  be  utterly  disinherited  by  will:  that 
something,  however  small,  must  be  left  him.  Had 
such  a  notion  any  foundation  in  the  law  of  Eng- 
land at  any  time  ?  J.  H.  CHATEAU. 

Philadelphia. 

Inman  or  Ingman  Family. — The  family  of  In- 
man,  lonman,  or  Ingman,  variously  spelt,  derive 
from  John  of  Gaunt.  This  family  was  settled  for 
five  successive  generations  at  Bowthwaite  Grange, 
Netherdale  or  Nithisdale,  co.  York,  and  inter- 
married with  many  of  the  principal  families  of 
that  period. 

Alfred  Inman  married  Amelia,  daughter  of 
Owen  Gam.  Who  was  Owen  Gam  ? 

Arthur  Inman  married  Cecilia,  daughter  of 
Llewellyn  Clifford.  Who  was  Llewellyn  Clifford  ? 
Not  mentioned  in  the  Clifford  Peerage.  Perhaps 
MR.  HUGHES,  or  some  other  correspondent  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  may  know,  and  have  the  kindness  to 
make  known  his  genealogical  history. 

This  family  being  strong  adherents  of  the  House 
of  Lancaster,  raised  a  troop  in  the  royal  cause 
under  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  at  the  fatal  battle 
of  Marston  Moor,  where  several  brothers  were 
slain,  the  rest  dispersed,  and  the  property  con- 
fiscated to  Cromwell's  party  about  1650-52. 
Any  genealogical  detail  from  public  records  prior 
to  that  period,  would  be  useful  in  tracing  the 
descent. 

Sir  William  de  Roas  de  Ingmanthorpe  was 
summoned  to  parliament  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  I. 
This  Ingmanthorpe,  or  Inmanthorpe  (spelt  both 
ways),  is,  according  to  Thoresby,  near  Knares- 
borough  on  the  Nidd.  Query,  Was  this  person's 
name  Inman  from  his  residence,  as  usual  at  that 
period  ? 

Arms :  Vert,  on  a  chevron  or,  three  roses  gules, 
slipped  and  leaved  vert.  Crest,  on  a  mount  vert, 
a  wy vern  ppr.  ducally  gorged,  and  lined  or.  Motto 
lost.  A  SUBSCRIBER. 

Southsea. 

Constable  of  Masham.  —  Alan  Bellingham  of 
Levins,  in  Westmoreland,  married  Susan,  daugh- 
ter of  Marmaduke  Constable  of  Masham,  in  York- 
shire, before  the  year  1624. 

I  should  be  very  much  obliged  to  any  of  your 
genealogical  readers,  if  they  can  inform  me  who 
was  Marmaduke  Constable  of  Masham  ;  to  which 


MAE.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


199 


family  of  Constable  lie  belonged ;    and  where  I 
could  find  a  pedigree  of  his  family. 

COMES  STABUJLI. 
Malta. 

Fading  Ink.  —  I  have  somewhere  seen  a  receipt 
for  an  ink,  which  completely  fades  away  after  it 
has  been  written  a  few  months.  Will  some  che- 
mical reader  kindly  refer  me  to  it  ? 

C.  CLIFTON  BARRY. 

Sir  Ralph  Killigrew.— Who  was  Sir  Ralph 
Killigrew,  born  circa  1585.  I  should  be  very 
much  obliged  to  be  referred  to  a  good  pedigree 
of  the  Killigrew  family  of  the  above  period. 

PATONCE. 


tfflmar  teuwferf  im'tf) 

Pcpys. — I  have  lately  acquired  a  collection  of 
letters  between  Pepys  and  Major  Aungier,  Sir 
Isaac  Newton,  Halley,  and  other  persons,  relating 
to  the  management  of  the  mathematical  school  at 
Christ's  Hospital ;  and  containing  details  of  the 
career  of  some  of  the  King's  scholars  after  leaving 
the  school.  The  letters  extend  from  1692  to 
1695 ;  and  are  the  original  letters  received  by 
Pepys,  with  his  drafts  of  the  answers.  They  are 
loosely  stitched,  in  order  of  date,  in  a  thick  volume, 
and  are  two  hundred  and  upwards  in  number. 
Are  these  letters  known,  and  have  they  ever  been 
published  or  referred  to  ?  A.  F.  B. 


[It  is  a  singular  coincidence  that  we  should  receive 
the  communication  of  A.  F.  B.  on  the  day  of  the  pub- 
lication of  the  new  and  much  improved  library  edition 
of  Pepys's  Diary.  Would  our  correspondent  permit 
us  to  submit  his  collection  to  the  editor  of  Pepys,  who 
would  no  doubt  be  gratified  with  a  sight  of  it  ?  We 
will  guarantee  its  safe  return,  and  any  expenses  in- 
curred in  its  transmission.  On  turning  to  the  fourth 
volume  of  the  new  edition  of  the  Diary,  we  find  the 
following  letter  (now  first  published)  from  Dr.  Tanner, 
afterwards  Bishop  ofSt.  Asaph,  to  Dr.  Charlett,  dated 
April  28,  1699: — KMr.  Pepys  was  just  finishing  a 
letter  to  you  last  trtght  when  I  gave  him  yours.  I 
hear  he  has  printed  some  letters  lately  about  the  abuses 
of  Christ's  Hospital ;  they  are  only  privately  handed 
about.  A  gentleman  that  has  a  very  great  respect  for 
Mr.  Pepys,  saw  one  of  them  in  one  of  the  Aldermen's 
hands,  but  wishes  there  had  been  some  angry  expres- 
sions left  out ;  which  he  fears  the  Papists  and  other 
enemies  of  the  Church  of  England  will  make  ill  use 
of.'^|jls  anything  known  of  this  "privately  printed" 
volume?  In  the  Life  of  Pepys  (4th  edit.,  p.  xxix.), 
mention  is  made  of  his  having  preserved  from  ruin  the 
mathematical  foundation  at  Christ's,  Hospital,  which 
had  been  originally  designed  by  him.— \ ED.] 

jjgl 

"  Retainers  to  Seven  Shares  and  a  Half''1 —  Can 
any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  conversant  with  the 
literature  of  the  seventeenth  century,  furnish  an 


explanation  of  this  phrase  ?  It  occurs  in  the  pre- 
face to  Steps  to  the  Temple,  #•(?.,  of  Richard  Cra- 
shaw  (the  2nd  edit.,  in  the  Savoy,  1670),  addressed 
by  "  the  author's  friend  "  to  "  the  learned  reader," 
and  is  used  in  disparagement  of  pretenders  to 
poetry.  The  passage  runs  thus  : 

"  It  were  prophane  but  to  mention  here  in  the  pre- 
face those  under- headed  poets,  retainers  to  seven  shares 
and  a  half;  madrigal  fellows,  whose  only  business  in 
verse  is  to  rime  a  poor  sixpenny  soul,  a  subburb  sinner 
into  hell,"  £c. 

H.  L. 

[The  performers  at  our  earlier  theatres  were  distin- 
guished into  whole  shares,  three-quarter  sharers,  half 
sharers,  seven-and-a-half  sharers,  hired  men,  &c.  In 
one  scene  of  the  Histriomastic,  1610,  the  dissolute  per- 
formers having  been  arrested  by  soldiers,  one  of  the 
latter  exclaims,  "  Come  on,  players  !  now  we  are  the 
sharers,  and  you  the  hired  men  ;  "  and  in  another  scene, 
Clout,  one  of  the  characters,  rejects  with  some  indig- 
nation the  offer  of  "  half  a  share."  Gamaliel  Ratseyr 
in  that  rare  tract,  Ratseis  Ghost,  1606,  knights  the 
principal  performer  of  a  company  by  the  title  of  "  Sir 
Three  Shares  and  a  Half;"  and  Tucca,  in  Ben  Jon- 
son's  Poetaster,  addressing  Histrio,  observes,  "  Com- 
mend me  to  Seven  shares  and  a  half,"  as  if  some 
individual  at  that  period  had  engrossed  as  large  a 
proportion.  Shakspeare,  in  Hamlet,  speaks  of  "  a  whole 
share  "  as  a  source  of  no  contemptible  emolument,  and 
of  the  owner  of  it  as  a  person  filling  no  inferior  station 
in  "a  cry  of  players."  In  Northward  Ho!  also,  a 
sharer  is  noticed  with  respect.  Bellamont  the  poet 
enters,  and  tells  his  servant,  "  Sirrah,  I'll  speak  with 
none:"  on  which  the  servant  asks,  "  Not  a  player  ?'* 
and  his  master  replies : 

"  No,  though  a  sharer  bawl : 
I'll  speak  with  none,  although  it  be  the  mouth 
Of  the  big  company." 

The  value  of  a  share  in  any  particular  company  would 
depend  upon  the  number  of  subdivisions,  upon  the 
popularity  of  the  body,  upon  the  stock-plays  belonging 
to  it,  upon  the  extent  of  its  wardrobe,  and  the  nature 
of  its  properties.  —  See  Collier's  English  Dramatic 
Poetry,  vol.  iii.  p.  427.] 

Maddens  "  Re/lections  and  Resolutions  proper 
for  the  Gentlemen  of  Ireland"  —  This  work,  by 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Madden,  was  first  published  in 
Dublin  in  1738,  and  was  reprinted  at  the  expense 
of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Pleasants,  in  one  vol.  8vo., 
pp.  224,  Dub.  1816.  I  possess  two  copies  of  the 
original  edition,  likewise  in  one  vol.  8vo.,  pp.  237, 
and  I  have  seen  about  a  dozen  ;  and  yet  I  find  in 
the  preface  to  the  reprint  the  following  para- 
graph : 

"  The  very  curious  and  interesting  work  which  is 
now  reprinted,  and  intended  for  a  wide  and  gratuitous 
circulation,  is  also  of  uncommon  rarity  ;  there  is  not  a 
copy  of  it  in  the  library  of  Trinity  College,  or  in  any 
of  the  other  public  libraries  of  this  city,  which  have 
been  searched  on  purpose.  (One  was  purchased  some 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227. 


years  ago  for  the  library  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society, 
if  I  mistake  not,  for  II.  65.,  or  rather  more.)  The  pro- 
foundly learned  Vice- Provost,  Doctor  Barrett,  never 
met  with  one;  and  many  gentlemen  well  skilled  in  the 
literature  of  Ireland,  who  have  been  applied  to  for  in- 
formation on  the  subject,  are  even  unacquainted  with 
the  name  of  the  book." 

Of  Dr.  Madden,  known  as  "Premium"  Madden, 
few  memorials  exist ;  and  yet  he  was  a  man  of 
•whom  Johnson  said,  "  His  was  a  name  Ireland 
ought  to  honour."  The  book  in  question  does 
not  appear  to  be  of  "  uncommon  rarity."  Is  it 
considered  by  competent  judges  of  "  exceeding 
merit  ?  "  I  would  be  glad  to  know.  ABHBA. 

[Probably,  from  this  work  having  appeared  anony- 
mously, it  was  unknown  to  the  writers  of  his  life  in 
Chalmers'  and  Rose's  Biographical  Dictionaries,  as  well 
as  to  Mr.  Nichols,  when  he  wrote  his  account  of  Dr. 
Madden  in  his  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  ii.  p.  32.  A 
volume  containing  the  Reflections  and  Resolutions,  to- 
gether with  the  author's  tragedy,  Themistocles,  1 729, 
and  his  tract,  A  Proposal  for  the  General  Encourage- 
ment of  Learning  in  Dublin  College,  1732,  is  in  the 
Grenville  Collection  in  the  British  Museum.  This 
volume  was  presented  by  Dr.  Madden  to  Philip,  Earl 
of  Chesterfield,  as  appears  from  the  following  MS.  note 
on  a  fly-leaf:  "To  his  Excellency  the  Right  Hon. 
Philip  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land,  these  Tracts,  writ  (how  meanly  soever)  with  a 
real  zeal  for  the  service  of  that  country,  are  most 
humbly  presented  by  the  author,  his  most  obedient 
humble  servant."] 

King  Edward  I? s  Arm. — Fuller,  speaking  of 
the  death  and  character  of  King  Edward  L,  winds 
up  with  these  words : 

"  As  the  arm  of  King  Edward  I.  was  accounted  the 
measure  of  a  yard,  generally  received  in  England  ;  so 
his  actions  are  an  excellent  model  and  a  praiseworthy 
platform  for  succeeding  princes  to  imitate."  —  Church 
History,  b.  iii.,  A.  D.  1 307. 

Query,  Is  there  historical  proof  of  this  state- 
ment of  "  honest  Tom  ?  "  He  gives  no  reference, 
apparently  considering  the  fact  too  well  established 
to  require  any.  J.  M.  B. 

[Ask  that  staunch  and  sturdy  royalist,  Peter  Heylin, 
whether  Old  Tom  is  not  sometimes  more  facetious 
than  correct ;  and  whether,  in  the  extract  given  above, 
we  should  not  read  Richard  I.  for  Edward  I.  In 
Knyghton's  Chronicle,  lib.  n.  ca^>.  viii.  sub  Hen.  I.,  we 
find,  "  Mercatorum  falsam  ulnam  castigavit  adhibita 
brachii  sui  mensura."  See  also  William  of  Malms- 
bury  in  Vita  Hen.  I.,  and  Spelm.  Hen.  I.  apud  Wil- 
kins,  299.,  who  inform  us,  that  a  new  standard  of  Ion- 
gitudinal  measure  was  ascertained  by  Henry  I,,  who 
commanded  that  the  ulna,  or  ancient  ell,  which  answers 
to  the  modern  yard,  should  be  made  of  the  exact  length 
of  his  own  arm.] 

Elstob,  Elizabeth.  —  Can  any  of  your  numerous 
correspondents  state  where  that  celebrated  Saxon 


linguist,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Elstob,  was  buried  ?  In 
Chambers's  Biographical  Illustrations  of  Worces- 
tershire, she  is  said  to  have  been  buried  at  Saint 
Margaret's,  Westminster ;  but  after  every  inquiry, 
made  many  years  since  of  the  then  worthy  church- 
warden of  the  parish,  our  researches  were  in  vain, 
for  there  is  no  account  of  her  sepulture  in  the 
church  or  graveyard.  J.  B.  WHITBOUENJS. 

[Most  of  the  biographical  notices  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Elstob  state  that  she  was  buried  at  St.  Margaret's, 
Westminster.  We  can  only  account  for  the  name  not 
appearing  in  the  register  of  that  church,  from  her 
having  changed  her  name  when  she  opened  her  school  in 
Worcestershire,  as  stated,  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Geo. 
Ballard,  in  Nichols's  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  iv.  p.  714. 
Ballard's  Correspondence  is  in  the  Bodleian.] 

Monumental  Brasses  in  London.  —  Can  any  of 
your  correspondents  favour  me  with  a  list  of 
churches  in  London,  or  within  a  mile  of  the  same, 
containing  monumental  brasses  ?  I  know  of  St. 
Helen's,  Bishopsgate,  only.  J.  W.  BROWN. 

[As  our  young  crypto-antiquary  dates  his  letter  from  ^ 
Crosby  Hall,  he  will  probably  find  in  its  library  the  fol- 
lowing works  to  assist  him  in  his  researches :  —  List 
of  Monumental  Brasses  in  England  ( Ilivington),  Manual 
for  the  Study  of L Monumental  Brasses  (Parker),  and 
Sperling's  Church  Walks  in  Middlesex  (Masters).  Two 
are  noticed  in  Waller's  Monumental  Brasses,  fol.,  1842, 
viz.  Dr.  Christopher  Urswick,  in  Hackney  Church, 
A.D.  1521,  and  Andrew  Evyngar  and  wife,  in  All- 
Hallows  Barking  Church.  If  we  mistake  not,  there 
is  one  in  St.  Faith's,  near  St.  Paul's.] 


RAPPING  NO  NOVELTY;  AND  TABLE-TURNING. 
(Vol.viii.,  pp.  512.  632.;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  39.  88. 135.) 

"  There  is  a  curious  criminal  process  on  record,  ma- 
nuscript 1770,  noticed  by  Voltaire  as  in  the  library  of 
the  King  of  France,  which  was  founded  upon  a  re- 
maikable  set  of  visions  said  to  have  occurred  to  the 
monks  of  Orleans. 

"  The  illustrious  house  of  St.  Mem  in  had  been  very 
liberal  to  the  convent,  and  had  their  family  vault  under 
the  church.  The  wife  of  a  Lord  of  St.  Mernin,  Provost 
of  Orleans,  died,  and  was  buried.  The  husband, 
thinking  that  his  ancestors  had  given  more  than  enough 
to  the  convent,  sent  the  monks  a  present,  which  they 
thought  too  small.  They  formed  a  plan  to  have  her 
body  disinterred,  and  to  force  the  widower  to  pay  a 
second  fee  for  depositing  it  again  in  holy  ground. 

"  The  soul  of  the  lady  first  appeared  to  two  of  the 
brethren,  and  said  to  them,  '  I  am  damned,  like  Judas, 
because  my  husband  has  not  given  sufficient.'  They 
hoped  to  extort  money  for  the  repose  of  her  soul.  But 
the  husband  said,  '  If  she  is  really  damned,  all  the 
money  in  the  world  \yon't  save  her,'  and  gave  them 
nothing.  Perceiving  their  mistake,  they  declared  she 
appeared  again,  saying  she  was  in  Purgatory,  and  de- 


MAR.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


201 


manding  to  be  disinterred.  But  this  seemed  a  curious 
request,  and  excited  suspicion,  for  it  was  not  likely  that 
a  soul  in  purgatory  would  ask  to  have  the  body  re- 
moved from  holy  ground,  neither  had  any  in  purgatory 
ever  been  known  to  desire  to  be  exhumed. 

"  The  soul  after  this  did  not  try  speaking  any  more, 
but  haunted  everybody  in  the  convent  and  church. 
Brother  Peter  of  Arras  adopted  a  very  awkward 
manner  of  conjuring  it.  He  said  to  it,  '  If  thou  art 
the  soul  of  the  late  Madame  de  St.  Memin,  strike  four 
knocks,'  and  the  four  knocks  were  struck.  <  If  thou 
art  damned,  strike  six  knocks,'  and  the  six  knocks  were 
struck.  '  If  thou  art  still  tormented  in  hell,  because 
thy  body  is  buried  in  holy  ground,  knock  six  more 
times,'  and  the  six  knocks  were  heard  still  more  dis- 
tinctly. *  If  we  disinter  thy  body,  wilt  thou  be  less 
damned,  certify  to  us  by  five  knocks,'  and  the  soul  so 
certified.  This  statement  was  signed  by  twenty-two 
cordeliers.  The  father  provincial  asked  the  same 
questions  and  received  the  same  answers.  The  Lord 
of  St.  Memin  prosecuted  the  father  cordeliers.  Judges 
were  appointed.  The  general  of  the  commission  re- 
quired that  they  should  be  burned ;  but  the  sentence 
only  condemned  them  to  make  the  '  amende  honorable,' 
with  a  torch  in  their  bosom,  and  to  be  banished." 

This  sentence  is  of  the  18th  of  February,  1535. 
Vide  Abbe  Langlet's  History  of  Apparitions. 

From  the  above  extract,  and  from  what  your 
correspondents  MR.  JARDINE  and  R.  I.  R.  have 
written,  it  is  satisfactorily  shown  that  rapping  is 
no  novelty,  having  been  known  in  England  and 
France  some  centuries  ago.  MR.  JARDINE  has 
given  us  an  instance  in  1584,  and  leads  us  to  sup- 
pose that  it  was  the  earliest  on  record.  I  now 
give  one  as  early  as  1534 ;  and  it  would  be  inte- 
resting to  know  if  the  monks  of  Orleans  were  the 
first  to  have  practised  this  imposition,  and  to  have 
been  banished  for  their  deception  and  fraud. 

WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 

Malta. 

In  Ammianus  Marcellinus,  lib.  xxix.  cap.  i. 
p.  552.  of  a  Paris  edition,  1681,  two  persons, 
Patricius  and  Hilarius,  charged  with  disseminat- 
ing prophecies  injurious  to  the  Emperor  Valens, 
were  brought  before  a  court  of  justice,  and  a 
tripod,  which  they  were  charged  with  using,  was 
also  produced.  Hilarius  then  made  the  following 
acknowledgment : 

"  Construximus,  magnifici  judices,  ad  cortinae  simi- 
litudinem  Delphica?,  diris  auspiciis,  de  laureis  virgulis 
infaustam  hanc  mensulam  quam  videtis  ;  et  impreca- 
tionibus  carminum  secretorum,  choragiisque  multis  ac 
diuturnis  ritualiter  consecratam  movimus  tandem  ;  mo- 
vendi  autem,  quoties  super  rebus  arcanis  consulebatur, 
erat  institutio  tails.  Collocabatur  in  medio  domus 
emaculata?  odoribus  Arabicis  undique,  lance  rotunda 
pure  superposita,  ex  diversis  metallicis  materiis  fabre- 
facta  ;  cujus  in  ambitu  rotunditatis  extreme  elemento- 
rum  viginti  quatuor  scriptiles  formae  incisa?  perite, 
dijungebantur  spatiis  examinate  dimensis.  Hac  linteis 
quidam  indumentis  amictus,  calciatusque  itidem  linteis 


soccis,  torulo  capiti  circumflexo,  verbenas  felicis  arboris 
gestans,  litato  conceptis  carminibus  numine  pra?sci- 
tionum  auctore,  casrimoniali  scientia  perstitit ;  corti- 
nulis  pensilem  anulum  librans,  sartum  ex  carpathio  filo 
perquam  levi,  mysticis  disciplinis  initiatum :  qui  per 
intervalla  distincta  retinentibus  singulis  litteris  incidens 
saltuatim,  heroos  efficit  versus  interrogationibus  con- 
sonos,  ad  numeros  et  modos  plene  conclusos  ;  quales 
leguntur  Pythici,  vel  ex  oi'aculis  editi  Branchidarum. 
Ibi  turn  quaarentibus  nobis,  qui  preesenti  succedet  im- 
perio,  quoniam  omni  parte  expolitus  fore  memorabatur 
et  adsiliens  anulus  duas  perstrinxerat  syllabas,  0EO 
cum  adjectione  litterae  postrema,  exclamavit  prcesen- 
tium  quidem,  Theodorum  prcescribente  fatali  necessi- 
tate portendi." 

In  lib.  xxxi.  cap.  ii.  p.  621.  of  same  edition,  a 
method  of  prognostication  by  the  Alaini  is  de- 
scribed ;  but  there  is  no  mention  of  tables  there. 
The  historian  only  says  : 

"  Rectiores  virgas  vimineas  colligentes,  casque  cum 
incantamentis  quibusdam  secretis  praestituto  tenopore 
discernentes,  aperte  quid  portendatur  norunt." 

H.  W. 

The  mention  of  table-turning  by  Ammianus 
Marcellinus  reminds  me  of  a  curious  passage  in 
the  Apologeticus  of  Tertullian,  cap.  xxiii.,  to  which 
I  invite  the  attention  of  those  interested  in  the 
subject : 

"  Porro  si  et  magi  phantasmata  edunt  et  jam  de- 
functorum  infamant  animas ;  si  pueros  in  eloquium 
oraculi  elidunt;  si  multa  miracula  circulatoriis  prae- 
stigiis  ludunt ;  si  et  somnia  immittunt  habentes  semel 
invitatorum  angelorum  et  daemonurn  assistentem  sibi 
potestatem,  per  quos  et  caprae  et  menses  divinare  con- 
sueverunt ;  quanto  magis,"  &c. 

Here  table  divination  by  means  of  angels  and 
demons  seems  distinctly  alluded  to.  How  like 
the  modern  system !  The  context  of  this  passage, 
as  well  as  the  extract  itself,  will  suggest  singular 
coincidence  between  modern  and  ancient  preten- 
sions of  this  class.  B.  H.  C. 


GENERAL   WHITELOCKE. 

(Vol.viii.,  pp.521.  621.) 

Much  interesting  information  concerning  Ge- 
neral Whitelocke,  about  whose  conduct  some 
difference  of  opinion  appears  to  exist,  will  be 
found  in  the  Rev.  Erskine  Neale's  Risen  from  the 
Ranks  (London,  Longmans,  1853) ;  but  neither 
the  date  nor  the  place  of  his  death  is  there  given. 
The  reverend  writer's  account  of  the  general's 
conduct  is  not  at  all  favourable.  After  alluding 
to  him  as  "  a  chief  unequal  to  his  position,"  he 
says  : 

"  John  Whitelocke  was  born  in  the  year  1759,  and 
received  his  early  education  in  the  Grammar  School 
at  Marlborough.  His  father  was  steward  to  John, 
fourth  Earl  of  Aylesbury  ;  and  the  peer,  in  acknow- 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  227. 


ledgment  of  the  faithful  services  of  his  trusted  de- 
pendent, placed  young  Whitelocke  at  Lochee's  Mili- 
tary Academy,  near  Chelsea.  There  he  remained  till 
1777,  when,  the  Earl's  friendly  disposition  remaining 
in  full  force,  and  the  youth's  predilection  for  a  military 
career  continuing  unabated,  an  ensigncy  was  procured 
him,  through  Lord  Aylesbury's  intervention,  in  the 
1 4th  regiment  of  Foot. "  — -  Risen  from  the  Ranks, 
p.  68. 

Through  the  influence  of  his  brother-in-law, 
General  Brownrigge,  Whitelocke's  promotion  was 
rapid ;  and  in  1807  he  was  gazetted  commander- 
in-chief  of  an  expedition  destined  for  the  recap- 
ture of  Buenos  Ayres.  His  conduct  during  this 
expedition  became  the  subject  of  a  court-martial ; 
he  was  found  guilty,  sentenced  to  be  cashiered, 
and  declared  to  be  "  totally  unfit  to  serve  his  Ma- 
jesty in  any  military  capacity  whatever." 

Judging  from  the  evidence  adduced,  the  con- 
duct of  the  commander-in-chief  was  totally  un- 
worthy of  the  flag  under  which  he  served,  and 
liighly  calculated  to  arouse  the  indignation  of  the 
•  men  whom  he  commanded  ;  and  for  some  consi- 
derable time,  whenever  the  soldiers  met  together 
to  take  a  friendly  glass,  the  toast  was,  "  Success 
to  grey  hairs,  but  bad  luck  to  White-locks  !  "  On 
the  whole,  the  Rev.  E.  Neale's  account  seems  to 
be  quite  impartial ;  and  most  persons,  after  read- 
ing the  evidence  of  the  general's  extremely  va- 
cillating conduct,  will  be  inclined  to  agree  with 
him  in  awarding  this  unfortunate  officer  the  title 
of  the  "  Flincher- General  at  Buenos  Ayres." 

JAMES  SFENCE  HARRY. 

I  have  only  just  seen  your  correspondent's 
Reply  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  87.)  respecting  General  White- 
locke. He  is  right  in  stating  that  the  general  re- 
sided at  Clifton  :  he  might  hava  added,  as  late  as 
1830  ;  but  he  had  previously,  for  a  time,  lived  at 
Butcombe  Court,  Somersetshire. 

There  is  an  anecdote  still  rife  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, that  when  Whitelocke  came  down  to  see  the 
house  before  taking  it,  he  put  up  at  an  inn,  and 
after  dinner  asked  the  landlord  to  take  a  glass  of 
wine  with  him.  Upon  announcing,  however,  who 
he  was,  the  landlord  started  up  and  declared  he 
•would  not  drink  another  glass  with  him,  throwing 
down  at  the  same  time  the  price  of  the  bottle,  that 
he  might  not  be  indebted  to  the  general. 

Respecting  the  story  of  the  flints,  it  is  said  that 
he  desired  them  to  be  taken  out  of  the  muskets, 
wishing  that  the  men  should  only  use  their  bayo- 
nets against  the  enemy.  ARDELIO. 

I  remember  well  that  soon  after  the  unsuccess- 
ful attack  of  General  Whitelocke  upon  Buenos 
Ayres,  it  was  stated  that  the  flints  had  been  taken 
out  of  the  muskets  of  some  of  our  regiments  be- 
cause they  were  quite  raw  troops,  and  the  General 
thought  that  they  might,  from  want  of  knowledge 
and  use  of  fire-arms,  do  more  mischief  to  them- 


selves than  to  the  enemy,  and  that  they  had  better 
trust  to  the  bayonet  alone.  The  consequence  was, 
that  when  they  entered  the  streets  of  the  town, 
they  found  no  enemy  in  them  to  whom  they  could 
apply  the  bayonet.  The  inhabitants  and  troops 
were  in  the  strong  stone  houses,  and  fired  on  and 
killed  our  men  with  perfect  impunity,  as  not  a 
shot  could  be  fired  in  return  :  to  surrender  was 
their  only  chance  of  life.  A  reference  to  a  file  of 
newspapers  of  that  date  (which  I  am  too  lazy  to 
make  myself)  will  show  whether  this  was  under- 
stood at  the  time  to  be  a  fact  or  not.  J.  Ss. 

In  the  Autobiography  of  B.  Haydon  (I  think 
vol.  i.),  he  mentions  that  as  he  was  passing  through 
Somersetshire  on  his  way  from  Plymouth  to 
London,  he  saw  General  Whitelocke.  A  reference 
to  the  passage  may  interest  G.  L.  S. 

W.  DENTON. 

The  following  charade  was  in  vogue  at  the  time 
of  Whitelocke's  death : 

"  My  first  is  an  emblem  of  purity ; 
My  second  is  that  of  security  ; 
My  whole  forms  a  name 
Which,  if  yours  were  the  same, 
You  would  blush  to  hand  down  to  posterity." 

J.  Y. 


"MAN  PROPOSES,  BUT  GOD  DISPOSES." 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  552. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  87.) 

1.  If  your  correspondent  H.  P.  will  again  ex- 
amine my  communication  on  this  subject,  he  will 
find  that  I  have  not  overlooked  the  view  which 
attributes  the  De  Imitatione  to  John  Gerson,  but 
have  expressly  referred  to  it. 

2.  If  Gerson  was  the  author,  this  will  not  prove 
that  in   quoting   the  proverb  in  question,  Piers 
Ploughman   quoted  from  the  De  Imitatione,  as 
H.  P.   supposes.     The   dates  which  I  gave   will 
show    this.      The     Vision    was    written     about 
A.D.  1362,  whereas,  according  to  Du  Pin,  John 
Gerson  was  born  December  14,  1363,  took  a  pro- 
minent part  in  the  Council  of  Constance,  1414, 
and  died  in  1429.     Of  the  Latin  writers  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  Mosheim  says  : 

"  At  their  head  we  may  justly  place  John  Gerson, 
Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Paris,  the  most  illus- 
trious ornament  that  this  age  can  boast  of,  a  man  of 
great  influence  and  authority,  whom  the  Council  of 
Constance  looked  upon  as  its  oracle,  the  lovers  of 
liberty  as  their  patron,  and  whose  memory  is  yet  pre- 
cious to  such  among  the  French  clergy  as  are  at  all 
zealous  for  the  maintenance  of  their  privileges  against 
papal  despotism." —  Ecc,  Hist.,  cent.  xv.  ch.  ii.  sec.  24. 

3.  Gerson  was  not  a  Benedictine  monk,  but  a 
Parisian  cure,  and  Canon  of  Notre  Dame  : 

"  He  was  made  curate  (cure,  parson  or  rector)  of 
St.  John's,  in  Greve,  on  the  29th  of  March,  1408,  and 


MAK.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


203 


continued  so  to  1413,  when  in  a  sedition  raised  by  the 
partizans  of  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  his  house  was 
plundered  by  the  mob,  and  he  obliged  to  fly  into  the 
church  of  Notre  Dame,  where  he  continued  for  some 
time  concealed."  —  Du  Pin,  History  of  the  Church, 
cent.  xv.  ch.  viii. 

It  is  said  that  the  treatise  in  question  first  ap- 
peared — 

"  Appended  to  a  MS.  of  Gerson's  De  ConsoJatione 
Theologies,  dated  1421.  This  gave  rise  to  the  suppo- 
sition that  he  was  the  real  author  of  that  celebrated 
work ;  and  indeed  it  is  a  very  doubtful  point  whether 
this  opinion  is  true  or  not,  there  being  several  high 
authorities  which  ascribe  to  him  the  authorship  of 
that  book."  —  Knight's  Penny  Cyclopaedia,  vol.  vi. 
art.  "  Gerson." 

Was  there  then  another  John  Gerson,  a  monk, 
and  Abbot  of  St.  Stephen,  between  1200  and 
1240,  to  whom,  as  well  as  to  the  above,  the 
De  Imitatione  has  been  ascribed  ?  This,  though 
not  impossible,  appears  extremely  improbable. 
Is  H.  P.  prepared  with  evidence  to  prove  it  ? 

Du  Pin,  in  the  chapter  above  quoted,  farther 
says,  in  speaking  of  the  De  Imitatione  Christi : 

"  The  style  is  pretty  much  like  that  of  the  other 
devotional,  books  of  Thomas  a  Kempis.  Nevertheless, 
in  his  life-time  it  was  attributed  to  St.  Bernard  and 
Gerson.  The  latter  was  most  commonly  esteemed  the 
author  of  it  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries. 
Afterwards  some  MSS.  of  it  were  found  in  Italy, 
where  it  is  attributed  to  one  Gerson  or  Gessen,  to 
whom  is  given  the  title  of  abbot.  Perhaps  Gersen  or 
Gessen  are  only  corruptions  of  the  name  of  Gerson. 
Notwithstanding,  there  are  two  things  which  will 
hardly  let  us  believe  that  this  was  Gerson's  book  ;  one, 
that  the  author  calls  himself  a  monk,  the  other,  that 
the  style  is  very  different  from  that  of  the  Chancellor 
of  Paris.  All  this  makes  it  difficult  to  decide  to  which 
of  these  three  authors  it  belongs.  We  must  leave 
Thomas  a  Kempis  in  possession  of  what  is  attributed 
to  him,  without  deciding  positively  in  his  favour." 

J.  W.  THOMAS. 
Dewsbury. 

This  saying  is  quoted  twice,  as  follows,  in  The 
Chronicle  of  Battel  Abbey  from  1066  to  1177, 
translated  by  Mr.  Lower,  8vo.,  London,  1851  : 

"Thus,  '  Man  proposes,  but  God  disposes,'  for  he  was 
not  permitted  to  carry  that  resolution  into  effect."  — 
P.  27. 

"But,  as  the  Scripture  saith,  'Man  proposes,  but 
God  disposes,'  so  Christ  suffered  not  His  Church  to 
want  its  ancient  and  rightful  privileges."  —  P.  83. 

Mr.  Lower  says  in  his  Preface,  p.  x. : 

"  Of  the  identity  of  the  author  nothing  certain  can 
be  inferred,  beyond  the  bare  fact  of  his  having  been  a 
monk  of  Battel.  A  few  passages  would  almost  incline 
one  to  believe  that  Abbot  Odo,  who  was  living  at  the 
date  of  the  last  events  narrated  in  the  work,  and  who  is 
known  to  have  been  a  literary  character  of  some  emi- 


nence, was  the  writer  of  at  least  some  portions  of  the 
volume." 

It  is  stated  at  the  beginning  to  be  in  part  derived 
from  early  documents  and  traditional  statements. 

E.  J.  M. 

Hastings. 


NAPOLEON  S    SPELLING. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  386.  502.) 

The  question  as  to  Napoleon's  spelling  may 
seem,  at  first  sight,  to  be  one  of  little  importance ; 
and  yet,  if  we  will  look  at  it  aright,  we  shall  find 
that  it  involves  many  points  of  interest  for  the 
philosopher  and  the  historian.  During  a  residence 
of  some  years  in  France,  I  had  heard  it  remarked, 
more  than  once,  by  persons  who  appeared  hostile 
to  the  Napoleon  dynasty,  that  its  great  founder 
had,  in  his  bulletins  and  other  public  documents, 
shown  an  unaccountable  ignorance  of  the  common 
rules  of  orthography  :  but  I  had  never  seen  the 
assertion  put  forth  by  any  competent  writer  until 
I  met  with  the  remarks  of  Macaulay,  already 
quoted  by  me,  Vol.  viii.,  p.  386. 

In  reply  to  my  inquiry  as  to  the  authority  for 
this  statement,  your  correspondent  C.  has  readily 
and  kindly  furnished  a  passage  from  Bourrienne's 
Memoires,  in  which  it  is  alleged  that  Napoleon's 
"  orthographe  est  en  general  extraordinairement 
estropiee" 

From  all  this  it  must  be  taken  for  granted,  as, 
indeed,  it  has  never  been  denied,  that  Napoleon's 
spelling  is  defective ;  but  the  question  to  be  con- 
sidered is,  whether  that  defectiveness  was  the  effect 
of  ignorance  or  of  design.  That  it  did  not  arise 
from  ignorance  would  seem  probable  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons. 

Napoleon  received  his  education  chiefly  in 
France  ;  and  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  the  degree 
of  instruction  in  grammar,  orthography,  &c.,  ordi- 
narily bestowed  on  educated  Frenchmen,  was  not 
withheld  from  him. 

To  say  the  least  of  it,  he  was  endued  with  suffi- 
cient intelligence  to  acquire  an  ordinary  know- 
ledge of  such  matters. 

Nay  more  :  he  was  a  man  of  the  highest  order 
of  genius.  Between  the  possession  of  genius,  and 
a  knowledge  of  orthography,  there  is,  I  admit,  no 
necessary  connexion.  The  humblest  pedagogue 
may  be  able  to  spell  more  correctly  than  the 
greatest  philosopher.  But  neither,  on  the  other 
hand,  does  genius  of  any  kind  necessarily  preclude 
a  knowledge  of  spelling. 

While  still  a  young  man,  Napoleon  wrote  several 
works  in  French,  such  as  the  Souper  de  Beaucaire, 
the  Memoire  sur  la  Culture  du  Murier,  &c.  Some 
of  the  manuscripts  of  these  writings  must  be  still 
extant ;  and  a  comparison  of  the  spelling  of  his 
unpretending  youth,  with  -that  of  his  aspiring 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227. 


manhood,  would  show  at  once  whether  the  "  ortho- 
graphe  extraordinaire  merit  estropiee  "  of  his  later 
productions  was  the  result  of  habit  or  design. 

The  orthography  of  the  French  language  is 
peculiarly  intricate  ;  and  it  is  no  uncommon  thing 
to  meet  with  educated  men  in  that  country  who 
are  unable  to  spell  with  accuracy.  That  Napoleon 
may  have  been  in  a  similar  predicament,  would 
not  be  surprising ;  but  that  it  should  be  said  of 
the  most  extraordinary  man  of  the  age,  that  his 
spelling  is  extraordinairement  estropiee,  seems  in- 
explicable upon  any  fair  supposition,  except  that 
he  accounted  the  rules  of  spelling  unworthy  the 
attention  of  any  but  copyists  and  office  drudges ; 
or  (which  is  more  probable)  that  he  wished  this 
extraordinary  spelling  to  be  received  as  an  indi- 
cation of  the  great  rapidity  with  which  he  could 
commit  his  thoughts  to  paper.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 


MEMOIRS  OF  GRAMMONT. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  461.  549. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  3.) 

There  appearing  to  be  a  strong  feeling  that 
a  correct  edition  of  these  Memoirs  should  be 
published,  with  the  present  inaccurate  notes 
thoroughly  revised,  I  send  you  a  few  notes  from 
a  collectio'n  I  have  made  on  the  subject. 

The  proper  orthography  of  the  name  is  "  Gra- 
mont,"  and  the  family  probably  originally  came 
from  Spain.  Matta's  friend,  the  Marquis  de  Se- 
vantes,  asserts  the  fact ;  and  it  is  corroborated  by 
the  fact,  that  on  the  occasion  of  the  Marshal  de 
Grammont's  demanding  the  hand  of  the  Infanta 
Maria  Theresa  for  Louis  XIV.,  the  people  cried, 
"  Viva  el  Marescal  de  Agramont,  que  es  de  nues- 
tro'sangue !"  And  the  King  of  Spain  said  to  the 
Marshal  after  the  presentation  of  his  sons,  the 
Counts  de  Guiche  and  De  Louvigny,  "  Teneis 
Muy  Buenos  y  lindos  hijos  y  bien  se  hecha  de  ver 
que  los  Agramonteses  salen  de  la  sangue  de 
Espana." 

The  Grammont  family  had  been  so  enriched 
and  ennobled  by  its  repeated  marriages  with  the 
heiresses  of  great  families,  that,  like  many  noble 
houses  of  our  own  times,  members  of  it  hardly 
knew  their  own  correct  surname :  thus,  in  the 
famous  declaration  of  the  parliament  of  Paris 
against  the  Peers  in  1717,xm  the  subject  of  the 
Caps,  it  was  said  : 

"  The  Grammonts  have  determined  on  their  armorial 
bearings,  and  hold  to  those  of  the  house  of  Aure.  The 
Count  de  Grammont  said  one  day  to  the  Marshal, 
"What  arms  shall  we  use  this  year?" 

The  Grammonts  in  the  male  line  are  descended 
from  Sancho  Garcia  d'Aure,  Viscount  de  1'Ar- 
boust.  Menaud  d'Aure,  his  lineal  representative, 
married  Claire  de  Grammont,  sister  and  heiress  of 
Jean,  Seigneur  de  Grammont,  and  daughter  of 


Francis,  Seigneur  de  Grammont,  and  Catherine 
d'Andoins  his  wife. 

Menaud  d'Aure  is  the  ancestor  who  is  disguised 
in  the  Memoirs  as  "  Menaudaure"  and  "  Meno- 
dore;"  and  in  the  notes,  coupled  with  "la  belle 
Corisande,"  they  are  styled  two  of  the  ancestresses 
of  the  family  celebrated  for  their  beauty. 

Philibert,  who  was  styled  Philibert  de  Gram- 
mont and  de  Toulongeon,  Count  de  Grammont 
and  de  Guiche,  Viscount  d' Aster,  Captain  of  fifty 
men  at  arms,  Governor  and  Mayor  of  Bayonne, 
Seneschal  of  Bearne,  married  on  Aug.  7,  1567, 
Diana,  better  known  as  "  La  belle  Corisande" 
d'Andouins,  Viscountess  de  Louvigny,  Dame  de 
Lescun,  the  only  daughter  of  Paul  Viscount  de 
Louvigny ;  who,  although  a  Huguenot,  was  killed 
at  the  siege  of  Rouen,  fighting  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Duke  de  Guise.  They  had  two 
children :  Antoine,  subsequently  the  first  duke, 
and  Catherine,  who  married  Francois  Nompar  de 
Chaumont,  Count  de  Lauzun,  the  ancestor  of  the 
celebrated  Duke  de  Lauzun,  who  was  first  intro- 
duced at  court  by  his  relative  the  Marshal  de 
Grammont. 

This  Philibert,  Count  de  Grammont,  was  killed 
at  the  siege  of  La  Fere  in  Aug.  1580.  The  con- 
nexion betweemhis  widow,  the  fair  Corisande,  and 
Henry  IV.,  was  subsequent  to  the  Count's  death. 

The  Duchy  Peerage  was  created  on  Dec.  13, 
1643.  Antoine,  the  first  duke,  married,  firstly,  on 
Sept.  1, 1601,  Louise,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Mar- 
shal de  Roquelaure ;  she  died  in  1610,  leaving 
Antoine,  subsequently  the  Marshal  Duke  de 
Grammont,  and  Roger,  Count  de  Louvigny,  killed 
in  a  duel  in  Flanders  on  March  18,  1629.  The 
Duke  de  Grammont  married,  secondly,  on  March 
29,  1618,  Claude,  eldest  daughter  of  Louis  de 
Montmorency,  Baron  de  Boutteville ;  and  had 
Henri,  Count  de  Toulongeon,  who  died  unmarried 
on  Sept.  1,  1679 ;  Philibert,  the  celebrated  Cheva- 
lier de  Grammont,  who  was  born  in  1621  ;  and 
three  daughters. 

The  Marshal  de  Grammont  was  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  men  of  the  court  of  Louis  XIV. :  he 
was  a  favourite  both  of  Richelieu  and  Mazarin, 
and  married  a  niece  of  the  former  ;  and,  as  a  wit, 
was  not  inferior  to  his  brother  the  Chevalier.  He 
sided  with  the  Court  during  the  wars  of  the 
Fronde  ;  whilst  the  Chevalier  in  the  first  instance 
joined  the  Prince  of  Conde,  probably  from  their 
mutual  connexion  with  the  Montmorency  family. 
The  Marshal  died  at  Bayonne,  on  July  12,  1678, 
aged  seventy-four  years,  leaving  four  children,  of 
whom  the  Count  de  Guiche  and  the  Princess  de 
Monaco  are  well  known. 

The  Chevalier  de  Grammont  received  his  outfit 
from  his  mother,  and  joined  the  army  under  Prince 
Thomas  of  Savoy,  then  besieging  Trin  in  Pied- 
mont, which  was  taken  on  Sept.  24,  1643.  The 
notes  to  the  Memoirs  say  May  4,  1639 ;  but  that 


MAR.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


205 


was  a  former  siege  by  the  French,  then  under  the 
command  of  the  Cardinal  de  la  Vallette. 

Probably  this  will  be  as  much  as  you  can  afford 
space  for  at  present,  and  I  will  therefore  reserve 
any  farther  communications  for  a  future  Number. 

W.  H.  LAMMIN. 

Fulham. 


THE    MYRTLE    BEE. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  593.) 

Ere  venturing  an  opinion  as  to  the  exact  size  of 
the  above,  as  compared  with  the  Golden-crested 
Wren,  I  should  much  like  to  ascertain  where  I 
am  likely  to  meet  with  a  faithful  specimen  of  the 
latter  ?  The  Myrtle  Bee  is  about  half  the  size  of 
the  common  Wren,  certainly  not  larger  :  and  I 
always  took  it  for  granted,  the  bird  derived  its 
name  from  its  diminutiveness  and  the  cover  it 
frequented.  I  cannot  say  the  bird  was  generally 
known  in  the  neighbourhood,  having  only  met 
with  it  when  in  company  with  sportsmen,  in  a  de- 
scription of  country  little  frequented  by  others. 
I  originally  obtained  the  name  when  a  boy  from  a 
deceased  parent  whom  I  accompanied  out  shoot- 
ing ;  and  for  a  succession  of  years  the  bird  was 
familiar  to  me,  in  fact,  to  all  sportsmen  of  that 
period  who  shot  over  the  immediate  locality ;  we 
all  knew  it,  although  its  name  was  seldom  men- 
tioned. In  fact,  it  never  induced  a  thought  be- 
yond —  "  Confound  the  bees,  how  they  bother  the 
dogs" — or  some  such  expression.  I  am  unac- 
quainted with  the  Dartford  Warbler  (Sylvia  pro- 
mncialis,  Gmel.)  ;  but  the  description  as  quoted 
by  Mr.  Salmon  from  Yarrell's  Hist,  of  British 
Birds,  1839,  vol.  i.  p.  311.  et  seq.,  differs  from  the 
Myrtle  Bee.  The  Warbler  is  said  to  haunt  and 
build  among  furze  on  commons,  and  flies  with 
jerks ;  whereas  I  never  met  with  the  Myrtle  Bee 
among  furze,  neither  does  it  fly  with  jerks :  on  the 
contrary,  its  short  flight  is  rapid,  steady,  and 
direct.  The  description  of  the  Warbler  appears 
to  agree  with  a  small  bird  well  known  here  as  the 
Furze  Chat,  but  which  is  out  of  all  proportion  as 
compared  with  the  Myrtle  Bee. 

As  regards  the  Query  touching  the  possibility 
of  my  memory  being  treacherous  respecting  the 
colour  of  the  bird,  after  a  lapse  of  twenty-five 
years,  more  faith  will  be  placed  therein  on  my 
stating  that  I  am  an  old  fly-fisher,  making  my 
own  flies  ^  and  that  no  strange  bird  ever  came 
to  hand  without  undergoing  a  searching  scrutiny 
as  to  colour  and  texture  of  the  feathers,  with  the 
view  of  converting  it  to  fishing  purposes.  No  such 
use  could  be  made  of  the  Bee.  In  a  former  Num- 
ber I  described  the  tongue  of  the  Myrtle  Bee  as 
round,  sharp,  and  pointed  at  the  end,  appearing 
capable  of  penetration.  I  beg  to  say  that  I  was 
solely  indebted  to  accident  in  being  able  to  do  so, 


viz.  the  tongue  protruded  beyond  the  point  of  the 
bill,  owing  to  the  pressure  it  received  in  my  dog's 
mouth  ;  the  dog  having  brought  it  out  enveloped 
in  dead  grass,  from  the  foot  of  the  myrtle  bush. 

CHARLES  BROWN. 


CELTIC    ETYMOLOGY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  136.) 

MR.  CROSSLEY  seems  to  confine  the  word  Celtic 
to  the  Irish  branch  of  that  dialect.  My  notion  of 
the  words  iosal  and  iriosal  is  taken  from  the 
Highland  Gaelic,  and  the  authorised  version  of 
the  Bible  in  that  language.  Let  Celtic  scholars, 
who  look  to  the  sense  of  words  in  the/bwr  spoken 
languages,  decide  between  us.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  of  the  meaning  of  the  two  words  in  the 
Gaelic  of  Job  v.  1 1 .  and  Ps.  iv.  6.  In  Welsh,  and 
(I  believe)  in  bas-Breton,  there  is  no  word  similar 
to  uim  or  umhal,  in  the  senses  of  humus  and  hu- 
milis, to  be  found.  In  Gaelic  uir  is  more  common 
than  uim,  and  talamh  more  common  than  either  in 
the  sense  of  humus;  and  in  that  of  humble,  iosal 
and  iriosal  are  much  more  common  than  umhal. 

It  is  certain  that  Latin  was  introduced  into 
Ireland  before  it  reached  the  Highlands,  and 
Christianity  with  it ;  and  therefore,  as  this  word 
is  not  found  in  one  branch  of  the  Celtic  at  all,  and 
is  not  a  very  common  word  in  another,  it  is  not 
unreasonable  to  suppose  that  it  is  of  Latin  origin. 
The  sense  which  MR.  CROSSLEY  declares  to  be  the 
only  sense  of  iosal  and  iriosal,  is  precisely  that 
which  is  the  nearest  to  the  original  meaning  of 
low,  andjow  as  the  earth;  and  this  is  also  the  sense 
which  humilis  always  bears  in  classical  Latin, 
though  Christianity  (which  first  recognised  hu- 
mility as  a  virtue,  instead  of  stigmatising  it  as  a 
meanness)  attached  to  it  the  sense  which  its  de- 
rivatives in  all  modern  Romance  languages,  with 
the  exception  of  Italian,  exclusively  bear. 

Now  MR.  CROSSLEY  has  omitted  to  notice  the 
fact  that  umhal  in  Gaelic,  and,  I  believe,  umal  in 
Irish,  have  not  the  intermediate  sense  of  low  and 
cringing,  but  only  the  Christian  sense  of  humble, 
as  a  virtuous  attribute.  It  seems  natural  that  if 
uim  and  umal  were  radical  words,  the  latter  would 
bear  the  same  relation  to  uim,  in  every  respect, 
which  humilis  does  to  humus,  its  supposed  deriva- 
tive. But  unless  humus  be  derived  from  %a.^ai 
(the  root  of  x^v  an(^  x001/**^)*  now  does  MR. 
CROSSLEY  account  for  the  h,  which  had  a  sound  in 
Latin  as  well  as  horror  and  hostilis,  both  of  which 
retain  the  aspirate  in  English,  though  they  lose  it 
in  French  ?  If  MR.  CROSSLEY  will  tell  me  why 
horreur  and  hostile  have  no  aspirate  in  French,  I 
will  tell  him  why  heir,  honour,  and  humour  have 
none  in  English,  though  humid  (which  is  as  closely 
connected  with  humour,  as  humidus  is  with  humor) 
retains  the  aspirate. 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227. 


These  Celtic  etymologies,  however,  though 
amusing,  do  not  touch  the  main  point,  which  is 
simply  this  :  the  usual  mode  of  pronouncing  the 
word  humble  in  good  English  society.  What  that 
is,  seems  to  be  so  satisfactorily  shown  by  your  cor- 
respondent S.  G.  C.,  Vol.  viii.,  p.  393.,  that  all 
farther  argument  on  the  subject  would  be  super- 
fluous. E.  C.  H. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Improvements  in  the  Albumenized  Process.  —  Your 
expectation  of  being  soon  able  to  announce  the 
successful  manufacture  of  a  new  negative  calotype 
paper,  will,  I  am  sure,  be  gladly  received  by  many 
photographers,  and  especially  by  those  who,  like  me, 
have  been  subjected  to  much  disappointment  with 
Turner's  paper.  For  one  sheet  that  has  turned  out 
well,  at  least  half-a-dozen  have  proved  useless  from 
spottiness,  and  some  sheets  do  not  take  the  iodizing 
solution  evenly,  from  an  apparent  want  of  uniformity 
in  the  texture  of  the  paper,  which  causes  the  solution 
to  penetrate  portions  the  moment  it  is  laid  on  the 
solution.  Undoubtedly,  when  it  does  succeed,  it  is 
superior  to  Whatman's,  but  this  is  not  enough  to  com- 
pensate for  its  extreme  uncertainty. 

In  DR.  DIAMOND'S  directions  for  the  calotype,  he 
gave  a  formula  for  the  addition  of  bromide  of  potassium 
to  the  iodide  of  potassium,  but  did  not  speak  with 
much  certainty  as  to  the  proportions.  Will  he  kindly 
say  whether  he  has  made  farther  trials;  and  if  so, 
whether  they  confirm  the  proportions  given  by  him,  or 
have  led  him  to  adopt  any  change  in  this  respect  ? 
and  will  he  likewise  say  whether  the  iodizing  solution 
which  he  recommends  for  Turner's  paper,  is  suitable 
also  to  Whatman's  ? 

In  albumenizing  paper,  I  have  not  found  it  desirable 
to  remove  the  paper  very  slowly  from  the  solution. 
Whenever  I  have  done  so,  it  has  invariably  dried  with 
waves  and  streaks,  which  quite  spoiled  the  sheet.  A 
steady  motion,  neither  too  slow  nor  too  quick,  I  have 
found  succeed  perfectly,  so  that  I  now  never  spoil  a 
sheet.  I  have  used  the  solution  with  less  albumen 
than  recommended  by  DR.  DIAMOND.  My  formula 
has  been, — 

Albumen             -  -  -                   8  oz. 

Water    -             -  -  -  -  12  oz. 

Muriate  ammon.  -  -  -  60  grs. 

Common  salt       -  -  -  -  60  grs. 

And  this,  I  find,  gives  a  sufficient  gloss  to  the  paper ; 
but  that  of  course  is  a  matter  of  taste. 

I  have  not  either  found  fa  essential  to  allow  the 
paper  to  remain  on  the  solution  three  minutes  or 
longer,  as  recommended  by  DR.  DIAMOND.  With 
Canson  paper,  either  negative  or  positive,  a  minute  and 
a  half  has  been  sufficient.  I  have  used  two  dishes, 
and  as  soon  as  a  sheet  was  removed,  drained,  and  re- 
placed, I  have  taken  the  sheet  from  the  other  dish. 
In  this  way  I  found  that  each  sheet  lay  on  the  solution 
about  one  and  a  half  minutes,  and  with  the  assistance 
of  a  person  to  hang  and  dry  them  (which  I  have  done 
before  a  fire),  I  have  prepared  from  forty  to  forty-five 


sheets  in  an  hour,  requiring  of  course  to  be  ironed 
afterwaras. 

I  have  tried  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  of  thirty 
grains  to  one  ounce  of  distilled  water,  to  excite  thin 
paper,  and  it  appears  to  answer  just  as  well  as  forty 
grains.  I  send  you  two  small  collodion  views,  taken 
by  me  and  printed  on -albumenized  paper  prepared  as 
mentioned,  and  excited  with  a  30-grain  solution  of 
nitrate  of  silver. 

Is  there  any  certain  way  of  telling  the  right  side  of 
Canson  paper,  negative  and  positive?  On  the  positive 
paper  on  one  side,  when  held  in  a  particular  position, 
towards  the  light,  shaded  bars  may  be  observed ;  and 
on  this  side,  when  looked  through,  the  name  reads  right. 
Is  this  the  right  or  the  wrong  side  ?  C.  E.  F. 

Since  I  wrote  to  you  last,  I  have  tried  a  solution 
of  twenty  grains  only  of  nitrate  of  silver  to  the  ounce 
of  distilled  water,  for  the  paper  albumenized,  as  men- 
tioned in  my  letter  of  the  1 3th  of  February,  and  have 
found  it  to  answer  perfectly.  The  paper  I  used  was 
thin  Canson,  floated  for  one  minute  exactly  on  the  so- 
lution ;  but  I  have  no  doubt  the  thick  Canson  will 
succeed  just  as  well  ;  and  here  I  may  observe  that  I 
have  never  found  any  advantage  in  allowing  the  paper 
to  rest  on  the  solution  for  three  or  four  minutes,  as 
generally  recommended,  but  the  contrary,  as  the  paper, 
without  being  in  the  least  more  sensitive,  becomes 
much  sooner  discoloured  by  keeping.  My  practice 
has  been  to  float  (.the  thin  Canson  about  half  a  minute, 
and  the  thick  Canson  not  more  than  a  minute. 

C.  E.  F. 

Mr.  Crookes  on  restoring  old  Collodion.  —  I  am  happy 
to  explain  to  your  correspondent  what  I  consider  to  be 
the  rationale  of  the  process. 

The  colour  which  iodized  collodion  assumes  on 
keeping,  I  consider  to  be  entirely  due  to  the  gradual 
separation  of  iodine  from  the  iodide  of  potassium  or 
ammonium  originally  introduced.  There  are  several 
ways  in  which  this  may  take  place  ;  if  the  cotton  or 
paper  contain  the  slightest  trace  of  nitric  acid,  owing 
to  its  not  being  thoroughly  washed  (and  this  is  not  so 
easy  as  is  generally  supposed),  the  liberation  of  iodine 
in  the  collodion  is  certain  to  take  place  a  short  time 
after  its  being  made. 

It  is  possible  also  that  there  may  be  a  gradual  de- 
composition of  the  zyloidin  itself,  and  consequent  li- 
beration of  the  iodide  by  this  means,  with  formation  of 
nitrate  of  potassa  or  ammonia  ;  but  the  most  probable 
cause  I  consider  to  be  the  following.  The  ether  gra- 
dually absorbs  oxygen  from  the  atmosphere,  being 
converted  into  acetic  acid  ;  this,  by  its  superior  affi- 
nities, reacts  on  the  iodide  present,  converting  it  into 
acetate,  with  liberation  of  hydriodic  acid  ;  while  this 
latter,  under  the  influence  of  the  atmospheric  oxygen, 
is  very  rapidly  converted  into  water  and  iodine. 

I  am  satisfied  by  experiment  that  this  is  one  of  the 
causes  of  the  separation  of  iodine,  and  I  think  it  is  the 
only  one,  for  the  following  reason  ;  neither  bromised 
nor  chlorised  collodion  undergo  the  slightest  change  of 
colour,  however  long  they  may  be  kept.  Now,  if  the 
former  agencies  were  at  work,  there  is  no  reason  why 
bromine  should  not  be  liberated  from  a  bromide  as 
well  as  iodine  from  an  iodide ;  but  on  the  latter  suppo- 


MAK.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


207 


sition,  no  change  could  take  place,  the  affinities  of  acetic 
acid  being  insufficient  to  displace  hydrobromic  acid. 

A  great  many  experiments  which  I  tried  last  au- 
tumn, for  the  express  purpose  of  clearing  up  this  point, 
have  convinced  me  that,  cateris  paribus,  the  addition  of 
free  iodine  to  the  iodizing  solution,  tends  to  diminish 
the  sensitiveness  of  the  subsequently  formed*  iodide  of 
silver.  On  paper,  this  diminution  of  sensitiveness  is 
attended  with  some  advantages,  so  that  at  present  I 
hardly  know  whether  to  introduce  the  free  iodine  or 
not ;  but  in  collodion,  as  far  as  my  experience  goes,  I 
see  no  reason  for  retaining  it ;  on  the  contrary,  every- 
thing seems  to  be  in  favour  of  its  removal. 

I  can  hardly  imagine  that  the  increased  sensitiveness 
mentioned  by  MR.  HENHAH  is  really  due  to  the  free 
iodine  which  he  introduces.  Such  a  result  being  so 
contrary  to  all  my  experience,  I  would  venture  to 
suggest  that  there  must  be  some  other  cause  for  its 
beneficial  action  ;  for  instance,  commercial  iodide  of 
potassium  is  generally  alkaline,  owing  to  impurities 
present;  the  tincture  of  iodine  in  this  case  would 
render  the  collodion  neutral,  and  unless  a  very  large 
excess  of  iodine  were  introduced,  its  good  effects  would 
be  very  apparent.  This,  however,  involving  the  em- 
ployment of  impure  chemicals,  is  a  very  improbable  ex- 
planation of  a  phenomenon  observed  by  so  excellent  an 
operator  as  MR.  HENNAH  :  there  is  most  likely  some 
local  cause  which  would  be  overlooked  unless  expressly 
searched  for. 

With  regard  to  the  point,  whether  the  free  iodine  is 
the  sole  cause  of  the  deterioration  of  old  collodion,  I 
should  say  decidedly  not,  at  least  in  a  theoretical  view  ; 
the  liberation  of  free  iodine  necessitates  some  other 
changes  in  the  collodion,  and  the  result  must  be  in- 
fluenced by  these  in  one  way  or  another,  but  prac- 
tically I  have  as  yet  found  nothing  to  warrant  the 
supposition  that  they  perceptibly  interfere  with  the 
sensitiveness  of  the  film. 

In  the  above  I  have  endeavoured  as  much  as  pos- 
sible to  avoid  technicalities,  in  order  to  make  it  intel- 
ligible to  amateurs  ;  but  if  there  be  any  part  which 
may  be  considered  obscure,  on  its  being  pointed  out  to 
me,  I  will  endeavour  to  solve  the  difficulty. 

WILLIAM  CROOKES. 

Hammersmith. 

Photographic  Queries.  — 1.  Would  you,  Sir,  or  DR. 
DIAMOND  (DR.  MANSELL  is  too  far  off),  be  kind 
enough  to  inform  your  readers  whether  DR.  MANSELL'S 
process,  recommended  in  No.  225.,  is  equally  appli- 
cable to  inland  as  to  sea-side  operations ;  or  must  we, 
in  the  one  case,  follow  DR.  DIAMOND,  and  in  the  other 
DR.  MANSELL,  and  thus  be  compelled  to  prepare  two 
sets  of  papers  ? 

2.  DR.    MANSELL    recommends,  as   a  test   for    the 
iodized  paper,  a  strong  solution  of  bichloride  of  mer- 
cury ;  may  we  ask  how  strong  ? 

3,  MR.  SISSON'S  developing  fluid  has  undergone  so 
many  changes,  and  has  been  so  much  written  about, 
that  we    are   at   a    loss   to  discover  or  to  determine 
whether  it  has  been  at  length  settled,  in  the  mind  of 
the  inventor,  that  it  will  do  equally  well  for  negatives 
as  for  positives.  FOUR  PHOTOGRAPHIC  READERS. 

[1.  Both  papers  are  equally  available  for  both  pur- 


|  poses.     In  actual  practice  we  have  not  ourselves  ex- 
i  perienced  any  difference  in  their  results. 

2.  It  is  quite  immaterial.      A  drachm  of  bichloride 
I  dissolved  in  one  ounce  of  spirits  of  wine  will  cause  a 
j  cloudiness  and  a  precipitate,  if  a  very  few  drops  are 

added  to  the  tested  water. 

3.  In  general  the  salts  of  iron  are  more  adapted  for 
positives,  and  weak  pyrogallic  acid  solutions  for  nega- 
tives ;    say  one   and  a  half  grain  of  pyrogallic  acid, 
twenty  minims  of  glacial  acetic  acid,  and  an  ounce  of 
distilled  water.]] 


to  Mina* 

London  Fortifications  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  174.).  —  In 
last  week's  Number  is  an  inquiry  as  to  "  London 
Fortifications"  in  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth. 

There  is  a  Map  by  Vertue,  dated  1738,  in  a 
folio  History  of  London;  there  is  one  a  trifle 
smaller,  copied  from  the  above ;  also  one  with 
page  of  description,  Gentleman's  Magazine,  June, 
1749.  I  subscribed  to  a  set  of  twenty  etchings, 
published  last  year  by  Mr.  P.  Thompson  of  the 
New  Road ;  they  are  very  curious,  being  fac- 
similes of  a  set  of  drawings  done  by  a  Capt.  John 
Eyre  of  Oliver  Cromwell's  own  regiment,  dated 
1643.  The  drawings  are  now  I  believe  in  the 
possession  of  the  City  of  London. 

A  CONSTANT  READER. 

[The  drawings  referred  to  by  our  correspondent  are, 
we  hear,  by  competent  judges  regarded  as  not  genuine. 
Such  also,  we  are  told,  is  the  opinion  given  of  many 
drawings  ascribed  to  Hollar  and  Captain  John  Eyre, 
which  have  been  purchased  by  a  gentleman  of  our 
acquaintance,  and  submitted  by  him  to  persons  most 
conversant  with  such  drawings.  Query,  Are  the 
drawings  purporting  to  be  by  Captain  John  Eyre, 
drawings  of  the  period  at  which  they  are  dated  ?] 

Burke's  Domestic  Correspondence  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  9.). — In  reference  to  a  Query  in  "N.  &  Q." 
relative  to  unpublished  documents  respecting  Ed- 
mund Burke,  I  beg  to  inform  your  correspondent 
N.  O.  that  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  some  new 
light  might  be  thrown  on  the  subject  by  an  appli- 
cation to  Mr.  George  Shackleton,  Ballitore,  a  de- 
scendant of  Abraham  Shackleton,  Burke's  old 
schoolmaster,  who  I  believe  has  a  quantity  of 
letters  written  to  his  old  master  Abraham,  and 
also  to  his  son  Richard,  who  had  Burke  for  a 
schoolfellow,  and  continued  the  friendship  after- 
wards, both  by  writing  and  personally.  When 
Richard  attended  yearly  meetings  in  London,  he 
was  always  a  guest  at  Beaconsfield.  Burke  was 
so  much  attached  to  Richard,  that  on  one  of 
these  visits  he  caused  Shackleton's  portrait  to  be 
painted  and  presented  it  to  him,  and  it  is  now  in 
the  possession  of  the  above  family.  I  have  no 
doubt  but  that  an  application  to  the  above  gentle- 
man would  produce  some  testimony.  F.  H. 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  227. 


Battle  of  Villers-en-Couclie  (Vol.  viii.  passini). 
—  A  good  account  of  this  celebrated  engagement, 
with  several  authentic  documents  relating  to  what 
happened  on  the  occasion,  will  be  found  in  that 
very  interesting  little  work,  Risen  from  the  Ranks, 
by  the  Rev.  E.  Neale  (London,  Longmans,  1853). 
JAMES  SPENCE  HARRY. 

"  /  could  not  love  thee,  dear,  so  much  "  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  125.).  —  These  lines  are  from  an  exquisite  mor- 
ceau  entitled  To  Lucasta,  on  going  to  the  Wars,  by 
the  gay,  gallant,  and  ill-fated  cavalier,  Richard 
Lovelace,  whose  undying  loyalty  and  love,  and 
whose  life,  and  every  line  that  he  wrote,  are  all 
redolent  of  the  best  days  of  chivalry.  They  are 
to  be  found  in  a  12 mo.  volume,  Lucasta,  London, 
1649.  The  entire  piece  is  so  short,  that  I  venture 
to  subjoin  it : 

"  Tell  me  not,  sweet,  I  am  unkinde, 

That  from  the  nunnerie 
Of  thy  chaste  breast  and  quiet  minde, 
To  warre  and  armes  I  flie. 

"  True,  a  new  mistresse  now  I  chase, 

The  first  foe  in  the  field ; 
And  with  a  stronger  faith  imbrace 
A  sword,  a  horse,  a  shield. 

"  Yet  this  inconstancy  is  such, 

As  you  too  shall  adore ; 
I  could  not  love  thee,  deare,  so  much, 
Loved  I  not  honour  more." 

To  the  honour  of  Kent  be  it  remembered  that 
Lovelace  was  CANTIANUS. 

[We  are  also  indebted  for  Replies  to  E.  L.  HOLT 
WHITE,  GEO.  E.  FRERE,  E.  C.  H.,  J.  K.  R.  W.,  H.  J. 
RAINES,  M.D.,  R  J.  SCOTT,  W.  J.  B.  SMITH,  E.  S.  T.  T., 
C.  B.  E.,  F.  E.  E.,  &c.  "  Lovelace  (says  Wood)  made 
his  amours  to  a  gentlewoman  of  great  beauty  and 
fortune,  named  Lucy  Sacheverel,  M-hom  he  usually 
called  Lux  casta ;  but  she,  upon  a  strong  report  that 
he  was  dead  of  his  wound  received  at  Dunkirk  (where 
he  had  brought  a  regiment,  for  the  service  of  the  French 
king),  soon  after  married."  —  Wood's  Athena  Oxoni- 
enses,  vol.  iii.  p.  462.] 

Sir  Charles  Cottercll  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  564.).  —  Sir 
Charles  Cotterell,  the  translator  of  Cassandra,  was 
Master  of  the  Ceremonies  to  Charles  II. ;  which 
office  he  resigned  to  his  son  in  1686,  and  died 
about  1687.  I  cannot  say  where  he  was  buried. 
I  am  in  possession  of  a  copy  of — 

"  The  Memorialls  of  Margaret  de  Valoys,  first  Wife 
to  Henry  the  Fourth,  King  of  France  and  Navarre  ; 
compiled  in  French  by  her  own  most  delicate  and 
Royal  Hand,  and  translated  into  English  by  Robert 
Codrington,  Master  of  Arts :  London,  printed  by 
R.  H.  1661." 

It  is  dedicated  to  "  To  the  true  lover  of  all  good 
learning,  the  truly  honourable  Sir  Charles  Cot- 
terell, Knight,  Master  of  the  Ceremonies,"  &c. 
On  the  fly-leaf  of  it  is  written,  "  Frances  Cottrell, 


her  booke,  given  by  my  honor' d  grandfather  Sir 
Cha.  Cottrell."  This  edition  is  not  mentioned  by 
Lowndes ;  he  only  speaks  of  one  of  the  date  of 
1662,  with  a  title  slightly  different.  C— S.  T.  P. 

Muffins  and  Crumpets  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  77.). — Crum- 
pet, according  to  Todd's  Johnson,  is  derived  from 
A.-S.  cnompehc,  which  Boswell  explains,  "  full  of 
crumples,  wrinkled."  Perhaps  muffin  is  derived 
from,  or  connected  with,  the  following : 

"  MOFFLET.  Moffletus.  Mofletus  Panis  delicatioris 
species,  qui  diatim  distribui  solet  Canonicis  proeben- 
dariis ;  Tolosatibus  Pain  Moujfflet,  quasi  Pain  tnoht 
dictus ;  forte  quod  ejusmodi  panes  singulis  diebus 
coquantur,  atque  recentes  et  teneri  distribuantur."  — 
Du  Cange. 

The  latter  part  of  the  description  is  very  appli- 
cable to  this  article. 

Under  Panes  Prcelendarii,  Du  Cange  says, 
"Innoc.  Cironus  observat  ejusmodi  panes  Prse- 
bendarios  dici,  et  in  Tolosano  tractu  Moufflets 
appellari."  (See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  pp.  173.  205. 
253.)  ZEUS. 

Todd,  for  the  derivation  of  crumpet,  gives  the 
Saxon  cpompehc.  To  crump  is  to  eat  a  hard  cake 
(Halliwell's  Archaisms).  Perhaps  its  usual  ac- 
companiment on^the  tea-table  may  be  indebted 
for  its  name  to  its  muff-like  softness  to  the  touch 
before  toasting.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

"  Clunk"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  65.).  — The  Scotch,  and 
English,  clunk  must  have  different  meanings  :  for 
Jamieson  defines  the  verb  to  clunk  "to  emit  a 
hollow  and  interrupted  sound,  as  that  proceeding 
from  any  liquid  confined  in  a  cask,  when  shaken, 
if  the  cask  be  not  full;"  and  to  guggle,  as  a 
"straight-necked  bottle,  when  it  is  emptying  ;"  and 
yet  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  the  word  also 
signifies  to  swallow,  as  in  England.  In  the  humo- 
rous ballad  of  "  Rise  up  and  bar  the  door,"  clunk 
seems  to  be  used  in  the  sense  of  to  swallow  : 
"  And  first  they  eat  the  white  puddins,  and  than  they 

eat  the  black  ; 
The   gudeman   said   within  himsel,  the  Deil  dunk 

ower  ai  that." 

That  is,  may  you  swallow  the  devil  with  the  black 
puddings,  they  perhaps  being  the  best  to  the  good 
man's  taste.  True,  I  have  seen  the  word  printed 
"  clink,"  instead  of  clunk  in  this  song ;  but  errone- 
ously I  think,  as  there  is  no  signification  of  clink 
in  Jamieson  that  could  be  appropriately  used  by 
the  man  who  saw  his  favourite  puddings  devoured 
before  his  face.  To  clink,  means  to  "  beat  smartly," 
to  "  rivet  the  point  of  a  nail,"  to  "  propagate  scan- 
dal, or  any  rumour  quickly ;"  none  of  which  signi- 
fications could  be  substituted  for  clunk  in  the  ballad. 

HENRY  STEPHENS. 

Picts'  Houses  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  392.).  —  Such  build- 
ings underground  as  'those  described  as  Picts' 


MAR.  4.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


houses,  were  not  uncommon  on  the  borders  of  the 
Tweed.  A  number  of  them,  apparently  con- 
structed as  described,  were  discovered  in  a  field 
on  the  farm  of  Whitsome  Hill,  Berwickshire,  about 
forty  years  ago.  They  were  supposed  to  have 
been  made  for  the  detention  of  prisoners  taken  in 
the  frays  during  the  Border  feuds  :  and  afterwards 
they  were  employed  to  conceal  spirits,  smuggled 
either  across  the  Border,  or  from  abroad. 

HENRY  STEPHENS. 

Tailless  Cats  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  10.).  — The  tailless 
cats  are  still  procurable  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  though 
many  an  unfortunate  pussey  with  the  tail  cut  off 
is  palmed  off  as  genuine  on  the  unwary.  The 
real  tailless  breed  are  rather  longer  in  the  hind 
legs  than  the  ordinary  cat,  and  grow  to  a  large 
size.  P.  P. 

Though  not  a  Manx  man  by  birth,  T  can  assure 
your  correspondent  SHIRLEY  HIBBERD,  that  there 
is  not  only  a  species  of  tailless  cats  in  the  Isle  of 
Man,  but  also  of  tailless  barn-door  fowls.  I  be- 
lieve the  latter  are  also  to  be  found  in  Malta. 

E.  P.  PALING. 

Chorley. 

"  Cock-and-bull  story"  (Vol.  v.,'pp.  414.  447.).— 
DR.  MAITLAND,  in  his  somewhat  sarcastic  remarks 
respecting  "  cock-and-bull  stories,"  extracted  from 
Mr.  Faber's  work,  has,  no  doubt,  given  a  true 
account  of  the  "  cock  on  the  church  steeple,  as 
being  symbolical  of  a  doctor  or  teacher."  Still  I 
cannot  see  that  this  at  all  explains  the  expression 
of  a  "  cock-and-bull  story."  Will  DR.  MAITLAND 
be  so  good  as  to  enlighten  me  on  this  point  ? 

I.  R.  R. 

Market  Crosses  (Vol.  v.,  p.  511.). —  Does  not 
the  marriage  at  the  market  cross  allude  simply  to 
the  civil  marriages  in  the  time  of  the  Common- 
wealth, not  alluding  to  any  religious  edifice  at  all  ? 
An  inspection  of  many  parish  registers  of  that 
period  will,  I  think,  prove  this.  I.  R.  R. 

"Largesse"  (Vol.  v.,  p.  557.).  —  The  word 
largesse  is  not  peculiar  to  Northamptonshire  :  I 
well  remember  it  used  in  Essex  at  harvest-time, 
being  shouted  out  at  such  time  through  the  vil- 
lage to  ask  for  a  gift,  as  I  always  understood. 
A.  B.  may  be  referred  to  Marmioit,  Canto  i. 
note  10.  I.  R.  R. 

Awkward,  Awart,  Await  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  310.). — 
When  fat  sheep  roll  over  upon  their  backs,  and 
cannot  get  up  of  themselves,  they  are  said  to  be 
lying  awkward,  in  some  places  await,  and  in  others 
awart.  Is  awkward,  in  this  sense,  the  same  word 
as  that  treated  by  II.  C.  K.  ?  S. 

Morgan  Odoherty  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  11.).  —  In  re- 
ference to  the  remarks  of  MR.  J.  S,  WARDEN  on 
the  Morgan  Odoherty  of  Blackwood's  Magazine, 


I  had  imagined  it  was  very  generally  known  by 
literary  men  that  that  nom  de  guerre  was  assumed 
by  the  late  Captain  Hamilton,  author  of  the  Annals 
of  the  Peninsular  Campaigns,  and  other  works; 
and  brother  of  Sir  William  Hamilton,  Professor  of 
Logic  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  I  had 
never  heard,  until  mentioned  by  MR.  WARDEN, 
that  Dr.  Maginn  was  ever  identified  with  that 
name.  g. 

Black  Rat  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  206.).  —  In  reply  to  the 
question  of  MR.  SHIRLEY  HIBBERD,  whether  the 
original  rat  of  this  country  is  still  in  existence,  I 
may  mention,  that  in  the  agricultural  districts  of 
Forfarshire,  the  Black  Rat  (Mus  rattus}  was  in 
existence  a  few  years  ago.  On  pulling  down  the 
remains  of  an  old  farm-steading  in  1823,  after  the 
building  of  a  new  one,  they  were  there  so  nume- 
rous, that  a  greyhound  I  had  destroyed  no  fewer 
than  seventy-seven  of  them  in  the  course  of  a 
couple  of  hours.  Having  used  precautions  against 
their  lodgment  in  the  new  steading,  under  the 
floors,  and  on  the  tops  of  the  party  walls,  they 
were  effectually  banished  from  the  farm. 

HENRY  STEPHEN?; 

Blue  Bells  of  Scotland  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  388.).— 
Your  correspondent  TO.  of  Philadelphia  is  in 
error  in  supposing  that  the  beautiful  song,  "  Blue 
Bells  of  Scotland,"  has  any  reference  to  bells 
painted  blue.  That  charming  melody  refers  to  a 
very  common  pretty  flower  in  Scotland,  the  Cam- 
panula latifolia  of  Linna3us,  the  flowers  of  which 
are  drooping  and  bell-shaped,  and  of  a  blue  colour. 

HENRY  STEPHEN s« 

Grammars,  SfC.  for  Public  Schools  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  8.,  &c.).  —  Pray  add  to  the  list  a  Latin  gram- 
mar, under  the  title  of  The  Common  Accidence 
Improved,  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Owen,  Rector  of 
Warrington,  and  for  fifty  years  Master  of  the 
Grammar  School  founded  in  that  town,  under  the 
will  of  Sir  Thomas  Boteler,  on  April  27,  1526.  I 
believe  it  was  first  published  in  1770,  but  the  copy 
now  before  me  is  of  an  edition  printed  in  1800; 
and  the  Preface  contains  a  promise  (I  know  not 
whether  afterwards  fulfilled)  of  the  early  publi- 
cation of  the  rules,  versified  on  the  plan  of  Busbey 
and  Ruddiman,  under  the  title  of  Elementa  Latino. 
Metrica.  J.  F.  M. 

Warville  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  516.).  —  As  regards  the 
letter  W,  there  is  a  distinction  to  be  made  between 
proper  names  and  other  words  in  the  French  lan- 
guage. The  exclusion  of  that  letter  from  the 
alphabet  is  sufficient  proof  that  there  are  no 
words  of  French  origin  that  begin  with  it;  but 
the  proper  names  in  which  it  figures  are  common 
enough  in  recent  times.  Of  these,  the  greater 
number  have  been  imported  from  the  neighbour- 
ing countries  of  Germany,  Switzerland,  and 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No,  227. 


Belgium :  and  some  too  are  of  local  origin  or 
formation. 

In  the  latter  category  is  the  name  of  Warville, 
which  is  derived  from  Ouarville,  near  Chartres, 
where  Brissot  was  born  in  1754.  Between  the 
French  ouar  and  our  "  war,"  there  is  a  close  simi- 
larity of  sound ;  and  in  the  spirit  of  innovation, 
which  characterised  the  age  of  Brissot,  the  transi- 
tion was  a  matter  of  easy  accomplishment.  Hence 
the  nom  de  guerre  of  Warville,  by  which  he  was 
known  to  his  cotemporaries.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  Camden  Society  has  just  issued  a  volume  of  do- 
mestic letters,  which  contain  much  curious  illustration 
of  the  stirring  times  to  which  they  refer.  The  volume 
is  entitled  Letters  of  the  Lady  Brilliana  Harley,  wife  of 
Sir  Robert  Harley,  of  Brampton  Bryan,  Knight  of  the 
Bath,  with  Introduction  and  Notes,  by  the  Rev.  T.  T. 
Lewis.  The  writer,  Lady  Brilliana,  was  a  daughter 
of  Sir  Edward  Conway,  afterwards  Baron  Conway,  and 
is  supposed  to  have  been  born  whilst  her  father  was 
Lieut.- Governor  of  the  "  Brill."  The  earlier  letters 
(1625 — 1633)  are  addressed  to  her  husband,  the  re- 
mainder (1638 — 1643)  to  her  son  Edward,  during  his 
residence  at  Oxford.  The  appendix  contains  several 
documents  of  considerable  historical  interest. 

Elements  of  Jurisprudence,  by  C.  J.  Foster,  M.  A., 
Professor  of  Jurisprudence  at  University  College, 
London,  is  an  able  and  well-written  endeavour  to 
settle  the  principles  upon  which  law  is  to  be  founded. 
Believing  that  law  is  capable  of  scientific  reduction, 
Professor  Foster  has  in  this  little  work  attempted,  and 
with  great  ability,  to  show  the  principles  upon  which 
he  thinks  it  must  be  so  reduced. 

Mr.  Croker  has  reprinted  from  The  Times  his  cor- 
respondence with  Lord  John  Russell  on  some  pas- 
sages of  Moore's  Diary.  In  the  postscript  which  he 
has  added  explanatory  of  Mr.  Moore's  acquaintance 
and  correspondence  with  him,  Mr.  Croker  convicts 
Moore,  by  passages  from  his  own  letters,  of  writing 
very  fulsomely  to  Mr.  Croker,  at  the  same  time  that 
Jie  was  writing  very  sneeringly  of  him. 

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211 


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to 

F.  T.  The  characteristic  description  of  The  Weekly  Pacquet, 
by  the  author  of  the  continuation  of  Sir  James  Mackintosh's 
History  of  England,  seems  perfectly  just.  We  had  marked  for 
quotation,  as  a  sample  of  its  virulent  tone,  "  The  Ceremony  and 
Manner  of  Baptizing  Antichrist,"  in  No.  6.,  p.  47. ;  but  we 
found  its  ribaldry  vould  occupy  too  much  of  our  valuable  apace, 
and  after  all  would  perhaps  not  elicit  one  Protestant  clap  of 
applause  even  at  Exeter  Hall. 

JOHN  WESTON.  The  insertion  of  paginal  figures  to  the  Adver- 
tisement pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  was  considered  at  the  lime  the 
change  was  made,  when  it  was  hinted  to  us  that  many  of  our 
subscribers  would  wish  to  retain  those  pages.  We  may  probably 
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been  of  late  years  frequently  discussed  in  the  various  Church  pe- 
riodicals and  newspapers,  especially  in    " 


FOREIGNER.  The  Canon  inquired  after  will  be  found  to  be,  the. 
18/A  of  the  "  Constitutions  and  Canons  Ecclesiastical,  A.  D.  1603." 
Its  partial  observance  complained  of  by  our  Correspondent  has 

the  various  Church  pe- 
the  British  Magazine, 

vols.  xviii.,  xix.,  and'  xx.     See  also'  the  official  judgment  of  the 
Bishop  of  London  on  this  Canon  in  his  Charge  of  1842,  p.  43. 

PRIMERS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  ELIZABETH — With  reference  to  the 
article  under  this  heading  in  last  week's  Number,  we  have  been 
reminded  that  the  Liturgies  and  Private  Prayers  put  forth  by  au- 
thority during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  which  were  reprinted  by 
the  Parker  Society,  have  been  sold  by  that  Society  to  Mr.  Brown, 
of  Old  Street,  and  may  be  purchased  of  him  at  a  very  moderate 
price.  The  introductions  contain  much  valuable  information. 

COMUS.  We  cannot  learn  that  there  is  an  edition  of  Locke  on 
the  Understanding  epitomised  published  at  Oxford.  There  is  one 
in  the  London  Catalogue,  published  some  years  ago  by  Whit- 
taker  and  Co., price  4s.  6d.,  which  may  perhaps  still  be  had. 

A  BORDERER.  Our  Correspondent  MR.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY 
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FRANCIS  BEAUFORT.  Biblia  Sacra  Latina,  tiro  volumes  in  one, 
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[No.  227. 


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T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

G.  li.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethhridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


F.  Fuller,  Esq. 

J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

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T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

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Bankers.—  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

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Aaf. 


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Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  aild 
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GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
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ROSS,  Featherstone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the 
Photographic  Institution,  Bond  Street  :  and 
at  the  Manufactory  as  above,  where  every  de- 
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L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
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IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
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equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
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which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
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THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

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having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
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MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
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1.  ALBERT  TRRRACE,  NRW  CROSS, 
IIATCHAM,  SURREY. 


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Printed  by  THOMAS  CtAiiK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEOBOE  BEI,L,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  iu  the  West,  in  the 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 
roit 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

«  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  228.] 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  11.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
(.  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 


Page 
\VherearetheWillstobedeposited?  -    215 

NOTES  :  — 

"J.R.of  Cork"     -  -  -  -  217 

Marmortinto,  or  Sand-painting  -  -  217 

The  Soldier's  Discipline,  from  a  Broad- 

side of  the  Year  1642      -  -  -  218 

Leading  Articles  of  Foreign  Newspapers  218 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —Materials  for  a  History 
of  Druidism  —  Domestic  Chapels  — 
Ordinary  —  Thorn's  Irish  Almanac 
and  Official  Directory  for  1854—  An- 
tiquity of  the  Word  "  Snub  "  — 
Charles  I.  at  Little  Woolford  _  Coin- 
cidence between  Sir  Thomas  Browne 
and  Bishop  Ken—  The  English  School 
of  Painting  —  "  A  Feather  in  your 
Cap"  -  -  -  -  -219 

QUERIES:  — 

Domestic    Architecture  :    Licences    to 

Crenellate,  by  J.  H.  Parker     -          -    220 
Dixon  of  Beeston,  by  R.  W.  Dixon,  J.P.    221 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Athcrstone  Family 
—  Classic  Authors  and  the  Jews  — 
Bishop  Hooper's  Argument  on  the 
Vestment  Controversy-  —  The  Title  of 
«'  Dominus  "  —  The  DC  Rons  Family 
—Where  was  the  Fee  of  S.  Sanxon  ?— 
Russian  Emperors  —  Episcopal  Insig- 
nia of  the  Eastern  Church  —  Amon- 
tillado Sherry  -Col.  Michael  Smith's 
Family  —  Pronunciation  of  Foreign 
Names  —  Artesian  Wells  —  Norman 
Towers  in  London  —  Papyrus  — 
Mathew,  a  Cornish  Family  -  -  221 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Bunyan's  Descendants  —  Epigram  on 
Dennis  —  Football  played  on  Shrove 
Tuesday  —  Vossioner,  its  Meaning  — 
The  Game  of  Chess—  A  Juniper  Letter  223 

REPLIES  :  — 

Clarence      -  -          -  -          -    224 

Milton's  Widow,  by  T.  Hughes  -  -    225 

Three  Fleurs-de-Lys        -          -  -    225 

Books  burned  by  the  Common  Hang- 

man, by  C.  H.  Cooper,  &c.        -  -    226 

Different  Productions  of  different  Car- 

cases         -          -          -          -          -    227 
Vandyke  in  America,  by  J.  Balch        -    228 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  _  Cy- 
anide of  Potassium  —  Mode  of  exciting 
f      Calotype  Paper  —  The  Double  Iodide 
Solution  :     Purity    of     Photographic 
Chemicals  —  Hyposulphite   of    Soda 
Baths         .....    230 
EEPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Daugh- 
ters taking  their  Mothers'  Names  — 
The  Young  Pretender  —  A  Legend  of 
the  Hive  —  Hoby  Family  —  Anticipa- 
tory Use  of  the  Cross  —  Longevity  — 
"  Nugget  "  —  The  fifth  Lord  Byron  — 
Wapple,    or    Whawfle-way  —  The 
Ducking-stool  _  Double     Christian 
Names  —  Pedigree   to   the    Time   of 
Alfred  _  Palace  of  Lucifer  —  Monal- 
dtschi  —  Anna  Lightfoot  —  Lode,  &c.     230 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.      -  234 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted       -    234 
Motices  to  Correspondents       -          -    235 


VOL.  IX.— No.  228. 


Now  ready,  No.  VI.,  2s.  6cZ.,  published 
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4.  Saul  -,  or,  Humanity  Consciously  Deserted 

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214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  228, 


HISTORICAL  WORKS 

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THE  HISTORY  OF  EUROPE 

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19 

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215 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  11,  1834. 
WHERE    ARE    THE    TVIIXS    TO    BE    DEPOSITED  ? 

The  difficulties  thrown  in  the  way  of  all  literary  and 
historical  inquiries,  by  the  peculiar  constitution  of  the 
Prerogative  Office,  Doctors'  Commons,  have  long  been 
a  subject  of  just  complaint.  An  attempt  was  made  by 
THE  CAMDEN  SOCIETY,  in  1848,  to  procure  their  re- 
moval, by  a  Memorial  addressed  to  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  which  we  now  print,  because  it  sets 
forth,  plainly  and  distinctly,  the  nature  and  extent  of 
those  difficulties. 

"  To  the  Most  Rev.  and  the  Right  Hon.  The  Lord 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

"  The  humble  Memorial  of  the  President  and  Council 
of  the  Camden  Society,  respectfully  show'etb, 

'  "  That  the  Camden  Society  was  instituted  in  the 
year  1838,  for  the  publication  of  early  historical  and 
literary  remains. 

"  It  has  the  honour  to  be  patronised  by  H.  R.  H. 
the  Prince  Albert ;  and  was  supported,  from  its  insti- 
tution, by  the  countenance  and  subscription  of  your 
Grace's  predecessor  in  the  See  of  Canterbury. 

"  The  Society  has  published  forty  volumes  of  works 
relating  to  English  History,  and  continues  to  be  ac- 
tively engaged  in  researches  connected  with  the  same 
important  branch  of  literature. 

"  In  the  course  of  its  proceedings,  the  Society  has 
had  brought  under  its  notice  the  manner  in  which  the 
regulations  of  the  Prerogative  Office  in  Doctors'  Com- 
mons interfere  with  the  accuracy  and  completeness  of 
works  in  the  preparation  of  which  the  Council  is  now 
engaged,  and  with  the  pursuits  and  labours  of  all  other 
historical  inquirers  ;  and  they  beg  leave  respectfully  to 
submit  to  your  Grace  the  results  of  certain  investiga- 
tions which  they  have  made  upon  the  subject. 

"  Besides  the  original  wills  deposited  in  the  Office 
of  the  Prerogative  Court,  there  is  kept  in  the  same 
repository  a  long  series  of  register  books,  containing 
copies  of  wills  entered  chronologically  from  A.D.  1383 
to  the  present  time.  These  registers  or  books  of  entry 
fall  practically  into  two  different  divisions  or  classes. 
The  earlier  and  the  latter  books  contain  information 
suited  to  the  wants  of  totally  different  kinds  of  persons, 
and  applicable  to  entirely  different  purposes.  Their 
custody  is  also  of  very  'different  importance  to  the 
office.  The  class  which  is  first  both  in  number  of 
books  and  in  importance  contains  entries  of  modern 
wills.  These  are  daily  consulted  by  relatives  of  tes- 
tators, by  claimants  and  solicitors,  principally  for  legal 
purposes,  and  yield  a  large  revenue  to  the  office  in  fees 
paid  for  searches,  inspections,  and  copies.  The  second 
class,  which  comprises  a  comparatively  small  number 
of  volumes,  contains  entries  of  ancient  wills,  dated  be- 
fore the  period  during  which  wills  are  now  useful  for 
legal  purposes.  These  are  never  consulted  by  lawyers 
or  claimants,  nor  do  they  yield  any  revenue  to  the 
office,  save  an  occasional  small  receipt  from  the  Camden 
Society,  or  from  some  similar  body,  or  private  literary 
inquirer. 


"  With  respect  to  the  original  wills,  and  the  entries 
of  modern  wills,  your  memorialists  beg  to  express 
clearly  that  this  application  is  not  designed  to  have  any 
reference  to  them.  Your  memorialists  confine  their 
remarks  exclusively  to  the  books  of  entries  of  those 
ancient  wills  which  have  long  and  unquestionably 
ceased  to  be  useful  for  legal  purposes. 

"  These  entries  of  ancient  wills  are  of  the  very  highest 
importance  to  historical  inquirers.  They  abound  with 
illustrations  of  manners  and  customs ;  they  exhibit  in 
the  most  authentic  way  the  state  of  religion,  the  con- 
dition of  the  various  classes  of  the  people,  and  of  so- 
ciety in  general ;  they  are  invaluable  to  the  lexicogra- 
pher, the  genealogist,  the  topographer,  the  biographer, 
—  to  historical  writers  of  every  order  and  kind.  They 
constitute  the  most  important  depository  in  existence 
of  exact  information  relating  to  events  and  persons  of 
the  period  to  which  they  relate. 

"  But  all  this  information  is  unavailable  in  conse- 
quence of  the  regulations  of  the  office  in  which  the 
wills  are  kept.  All  the  books  of  entry,  both  of  ancient 
and  modern  wills,  are  kept  together,  and  can  only  be 
consulted  in  the  same  department  of  the  same  office,  in 
the  same  manner  and  subject  to  precisely  the  same  re- 
strictions and  the  same  payments.  No  distinction  is 
made  between  the  fees  to  be  paid  by  a  literary  person, 
who  wishes  to  make  a  few  notes  from  wills,  perhaps 
three  or  four  hundred  years  old,  in  order  to  rectify  a 
fact,  a  name,  a  date,  or  to  establish  the  proper  place  of 
a  descent  in  a  pedigree,  or  the  exact  meaning  of  a 
doubtful  word,  and  the  fees  to  be  paid  by  the  person 
who  wants  a  copy  of  a  will  proved  yesterday  as  evidence 
of  a  right  to  property  perhaps  to  be  established  in  a 
court  of  justice.  No  extract  is  allowed  to  be  made,' 
not  even  of  a  word  or  a  date,  except  the  names  of  the 
executors  and  the  date  of  the  will.  Printed  statements 
in  historical  books,  which  refer  to  wills,  may  not  be 
compared  with  the  wills  as  entered ;  even  ancient 
copies  of  wills  handed  down  for  many  generations  in 
the  families  of  the  testators,  may  not  be  examined  with 
the  registered  wills  without  paying  the  office  for 
making  new  and  entire  copies. 

"  No  such  restrictions  exclude  literary  inquirers 
from  the  British  Museum,  where  there  are  papers 
equally  valuable.  The  Public  Record  Offices  are  all 
open,  either  gratuitously  or  upon  payment  of  easy  fees. 
The  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department 
grants  permission  of  access  to  Her  Majesty's  State 
Paper  Office.  Your  Grace's  predecessor  gave  the 
Camden  Society  free  access  to  the  registers  of  wills  at 
Lambeth  —  documents  exactly  similar  to  those  at 
Doctors'  Commons.  The  Prerogative  Office  is,  pro- 
bably, the  only  public  office  in  the  kingdom  which  is 
shut  against  literary  inquirers. 

"  The  results  of  such  regulations  are  obvious.  The 
ancient  wills  at  Doctors'  Commons  not  being  acces- 
sible to  those  to  whom  alone  they  are  useful,  yield 
scarcely  any  fees  to  the  office  ;  historical  inquirers  are 
discouraged ;  errors  remain  uncorrected  ;  statements  of 
facts  in  historical  worfcfe  are  obliged  to  be  left  uncer- 
tain and  incomplete;  the  researches  of  the  Camden 
Society  and  other  similar  societies  are  thwarted  ;  and 
all  historical  inquirers  regard  the  condition  of  the  Pre- 
rogative Office  as  a  great  literary  grievance. " 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


[No.  228. 


"  The  President  and  Council  of  the  Camden  Society 
respectfully  submit  these  circumstances  to  your  Grace 
with  a  full  persuasion  that  nothing  which  relates  to  the 
welfare  of  English  historical  literature  can  be  unin- 
teresting either  to  your  Grace  personally,  or  to  the 
Church  over  which  you  preside ;  and  they  humbly 
pray  your  Grace  that  such  changes  may  be  made  in 
the  regulations  of  the  Prerogative  Office  as  may  assi- 
milate its  practice  to  that  of  the  Public  Record  Office, 
so  far  as  regards  the  inspection  of  the  books  of  entry 
of  ancient  wills,  or  that  such  other  remedy  may  be 
applied  to  the  inconveniences  now  stated  as  to  your 
Grace  may  seem  fit. 

"(Signed)     BRAYBROOKE,  President. 

THOMAS  AMYOT,  Director.     THOS.  STAPLETON. 

HENRY  ELLIS.  WM.  DURRANI  COOPER. 

J.  PAYNE  COLLIER,  Treas.      PETER  LEVESQUE. 

HARRY  VERNEY.  THOS.  J.  PETTIGREW. 

H.  H.  MILMAN.  JOHN  BRUCE. 

*  JOSEPH  HUNTER.  BERIAH  BOTFIELD. 

WILLIAM  J.  THOMS,  Sec,       BOLTON  CORNEY. 

CHS.  PURTON  COOPER. 

25.  Parliament  Street,  Westminster, 
13  April,  1848." 

.  As  the  Archbishop  stated  his  inability  to  afford  any 
relief,  THE  CAMDEN  SOCIETY  availed  themselves  of  the 
appointment  of  the  Commission  to  inquire  into  the 
Law  and  Jurisdiction  of  the  Ecclesiastical  and  other 
Courts  in  relation  to  Matters  Testamentary,  to  address 
to  those  Commissioners,  in  the  month  of  January,  1853, 
a  Memorial,  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy  : 

"  To  the  Right  Honourable  and  Honourable  the 
Commissioners  appointed  by  Her  Majesty  to 
inquire  into  the  Law  and  Jurisdiction  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  and  other  Courts  in  relation  to 
Matters  Testamentary. 

"  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, 

"We,  the  undersigned,  being  the  President  and 
Council  of  the  Camden  Society,  for  the  Publication  of 
Early  Historical  and  Literary  Remains,  beg  to  submit 
to  your  consideration  a  copy  of  a  Memorial  presented 
on  the  13th  April,  1848,  by  the  President  and  then 
Council  of  this  Society,  to  his  Grace  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  praying  that  such  changes  might  be 
made  in  the  regulations  of  the  Prerogative  Office  as 
might  assimilate  its  practice  to  that  of  the  Public  Re- 
cord Office,  so  far  as  regards  the  inspection  of  the  books 
of  entry  of  ancient  Wills,  or  that  such  other  remedy 
might  be  applied  to  the  inconveniences  stated  in  that 
Memorial  as  to  his  Grace  might  seem  fit. 

"  In  reply  to  that  Memorial  his  Grace  was  pleased 
to  inform  the  Memorialists  that  he  had  no  control 
whatever  over  the  fees  taken  in  the  Prerogative  Office. 

"  The  Memorialists  had  not  adopted  the  course  of 
applying  to  his  Grace  the  Archbishop  until  they  had 
in  vain  endeavoured  to  obtain  from  the  authorities  of 
the  Prerogative  Office,  Messrs.  Dyneley,  Iggulden, 
and  Gostling,  some  modification  of  their  rules  in  favour 
of  literary  inquirers.  The  answer  of  his  Grace  the 
Archbishop  left  them,  therefore,  without  present 
remedy. 


"  The  grievance  complained  of  continues  entirely 
unaltered  up  to  the  present  time. 

"  Jn  all  other  public  repositories  to  which  in  the 
course  of  our  inquiries  we  have  had  occasion  to  apply, 
we  have  found  a  general  and  predominant  feeling  of 
the  national  importance  of  the  cultivation  of  literature, 
and  especially  of  that  branch  of  it  which  relates  to  the 
past  history  of  our  own  country.  Every  one  seems 
heartily  willing  to  promote  historical  inquiries.  The 
Public  Record  Offices  are  now  opened  to  persons  en- 
gaged in  literary  pursuits  by  arrangements  of  the  most 
satisfactory  and  liberal  character.  His  Grace  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  gives  permission  to  literary  men 
to  search  such  of  the  early  registers  of  his  See  as  are  in 
his  own  possession  at  Lambeth.  Access  is  given  to  the 
registers  of  the  Bishop  of  London;  and  throughout 
the  kingdom  private  persons  having  in  their  possession 
historical  documents  are  almost  without  exception  not 
only  willing  but  anxious  to  assist  our  inquiries.  The 
authorities  of  the  Prerogative  Office  in  Doctors'  Com- 
mons, perhaps,  stand  alone  in  their  total  want  of  sym- 
pathy with  literature,  and  in  their  exclusion  of  literary 
inquirers  by  stringent  rules,  harshly,  and  in  some  in- 
stances even  offensively,  enforced. 

"  We  have  the  honour  to  be, 

'<  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, 
"  Your  most  obedient  and  very  humble  servants, 

(Signed)     BRAYBROOKE,  President. 
JOHN  BRUCE,  Director.          W.  H.  BLAAUW. 
C.  PURTON  COOPER.  W.  DURRANT  COOPER. 

J.  PAYNE  COLLIER,  Treas.     BOLTON  CORNEY. 
W.  R.  DRAKE.  HENRY  ELLIS. 

EDWD.  Foss.  LAMBERT  B.  LARKING. 

PETER  LEVESQDE.  FREUK.  OUVRY. 

STRANGFORD.  WM.  J.  THOMS,  Sec. 

25.  Parliament  Street,  Westminster, 

January,  1853." 

A  Report  from  that  Commission  has  been  laid  before 
Parliament ;  and  a  Bill  for  carrying  into  effect  the  re- 
commendations contained  in  such  Report,  and  trans- 
ferring the  powers  of  the  Prerogative  Court  to  the 
Court  of  Chancery,  has  been  introduced  into  the 
House  of  Lords.  The  Bill  contains  no  specific  enact- 
ments as  to  the  custody  of  the  Wills. 

Now,  therefore,  is  the  time  for  all  who  are  interested 
in  Historical  Truth  to  use  their  best  endeavours  to  pro- 
cure the  insertion  of  such  clauses  as  shall  place  the  Wills 
under  the  same  custody  as  the  other  Judicial  Records 
of  the  country,  namely,  that  of  Her  Majesty's  Keeper 
of  Records. 

With  Literature  represented  in  the  House  of  Lords 
by  a  Brougham  and  a  Campbell,  in  the  Commons  by 
a  Macaulay,  a  Bulwer,  and  a  D'Israeli,  let  but  the 
real  state  of  the  case  be  once  made  public,  and  we  have 
no  fear  but  that  the  interests  of  English  Historical  Li- 
terature will  be  cared  for  and  maintained. 


MAK.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


217 


"  J.  R.  or  CORK. 

My  gifted  and  lamented  countryman  "The 
Roscoe  of  Cork  "  *  deserves  more  notice  in  these 
pages,  which  he  has  enriched  by  his  contributions, 
than  the  handsome  obituary  of  our  Editor  (Vol. 
vii.,  p.  394.)  ;  so  a  few  words  with  reference  to  him 
may  be  acceptable. 

MR.  JAMES  ROCHE  was  born  in  Limerick  some 
eighty-three  years  ago,  of  an  ancient  and  wealthy 
family.  At  an  early  period  of  his  life  he  was  sent 
to  France,  and  educated  in  the  Catholic  College  of 
Saintes.  After  completing  his  studies,  and  paying 
a  short  visit  to  Ireland,  he  settled  in  Bordeaux, 
where  he  became  acquainted  with  the  most  dis- 
tinguished leaders  of  the  Girondists. 

MR.  ROCHE  was  in  Paris  during  the  horrors  of 
the  first  Revolution,  and  in  1793  was  arrested 
there  as  a  British  subject,  but  was  released  on  the 
death  of  Robespierre.  For  some  years  after  his 
liberation,  he  passed  his  time  between  Paris  and 
Bordeaux.  At  the  close  of  the  last  century,  he 
returned  to  Ireland ;  and  commenced  business  in 
Cork  as  a  banker,  in  partnership  with  his  brother. 
He  resided  in  a  handsome  country  seat  near  the 
river  Lee,  and  there  amassed  a  splendid  library. 

About  the  year  1816,  a  relative  of  mine,  a 
wealthy  banker  in  the  same  city,  got  into  diffi- 
culties, and  met  with  the  kindest  assistance  from 
MR.  ROCHE.  In  1819  his  own  troubles  came  on, 
and  a  monetary  crisis  ruined  him  as  well  as  many 
others.  All  his  property  was  sold,  and  his  books 
were  brought  to  the  hammer,  excepting  a  few  with 
which  his  creditors  presented  him.  I  have  often 
tried,  but  without  success,  to  get  a  copy  of  the 
auction  catalogue,  which  contained  many  curious 
lots,  —  amongst  others,  I  am  informed,  Swift's 
own  annotated  copy  of  Gulliver's  Travels,  which 
MR.  ROCHE  purchased  in  Cork  for  a  few  pence, 
but  which  produced  pounds  at  the  sale.  MR. 
ROCHE,  after  this,  resided  for  some  time  in  London 
as  parliamentary  agent.  He  also  spent  several 
years  in  Paris,  and  witnessed  the  revolution  of 
1830.  Eventually  he  returned  to  Cork,  where  he 
performed  the  duties  of  a  magistrate  and  director 
of  the  National  Bank,  until  his  death  in  the  early 
part  of  1853. 

MR.  ROCHE  was  intimately  acquainted  with 
many  of  the  great  men  and  events  of  his  time, 
especially  with  everything  concerning  modern 
French  history  and  literature. 

MR.  ROCHE  was  remarkable  for  accurate  scholar- 
ship and  extensive  learning :  the  affability  of  his 
manners,  and  the  earnestly-religious  tone  of  his 
mind,  enhanced  his  varied  accomplishments. 

*  MR.  ROCHE  is  thus  happily  designated  by  the 
Rev.  Francis  Mahony  in  The  Front  Papers. 


For  a  number  of  years  he  contributed  largely 
to  various  periodicals,  such  as  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  the  Dublin  Review,  and  the  Literary 
Gazette;  and  the  signature  of  "  J.  R.  of  Cork" 
was  welcome  to  all,  while  it  puzzled  many. 

In  1851  he  printed/or  private  circulation,  Essays 
Critical  and  Miscellaneous,  by  an  Octogenarian, 
2  vols. ;  printed  by  G.  Nash,  Cork.  Some  of  these 
Essays  are  reprints,  others  are  printed  for  the  first 
time.  The  work  was  reviewed  in  the  Dublin  Re- 
view for  October,  1851. 

A  "  Sketch  of  J.  R.  of  Cork"  was  published  in 
July,  1848,  in  Duffy's  Irish  Catholic  Magazine, 
which  I  have  made  use  of  in  this  Note.  My  object 
in  the  present  Note  is  to  suggest  that  MR.  ROCHE'S 
Reminiscences  and  Essays  should  be  given  to  the 
public,  from  whom  I  am  well  assured  they  would 
receive  a  hearty  welcome.  EIRIONNACH. 


MARMORTINTO,    OR   SAND-PAINTING. 

There  appeared  in  a  late  number  of  The  Family 
Friend,  an  article  on  the  above  process.  The 
writer  attributes  its  invention  to  Benjamin  Zobel 
of  Bavaria;  and  states,  that  although  some  few 
persons  have  attempted  its  revival,  in  no  instance 
has  success  attended  such  efforts.  This  is  not 
correct.  There  was  a  German  confectioner  to 
King  George  III.  whom  I  knew  well.  His  name 
was  Haas  ;  and  those  acquainted  with  Bristol  will 
recollect  his  well-frequented  shop,  nearly  opposite 
the  drawbridge  on  the  way  to  College  Green, 
where  he  resided  forty  years  ago,  after  retiring 
from  his  employment  at  Court.  There  he  was 
often  engaged  in  decorating  ceilings,  lying  on  his 
back  for  weeks  together  on  a  scaffold  for  the  pur- 
pose. He  also  ornamented  the  plateaus  for  the 
royal  table ;  and  he  understood  the  art  of  sand- 
painting,  and  practised  it  in  the  highest  perfec- 
tion. Whether  he  preceded  Zobel,  or  came  after 
him,  at  Windsor  Castle,  I  cannot  tell ;  but  I  can 
testify  that  he  was  perfect  master  of  the  art  in 
question.  I  have  seen  him  at  work  upon  his  sand- 
pictures.  He  had  the  marble  dust  of  every  gra- 
dation of  colour  in  a  large  box,  divided  into  small 
compartments  ;  and  he  applied  it  to  the  picture 
by  dropping  it  from  small  cones  of  paper. 

The  article  in  The  Family  Friend  describes  the 
process  of  Zobel  to  have  consisted  of  a  previous 
coating  of  the  panel  for  the  picture  with  a  gluti- 
nous solution,  over  which  the  marble  dust  was 
strewed  from  a  piece  of  cord.  Haas  used  small 
cones  of  paper ;  and  my  impression  from  seeing 
him  at  work  was,  that  he  sprinkled  the  sand  on 
the  dry  panel,  and  fixed  the  whole  finally  at  once 
by  some  process  which  he  kept  a  secret.  For  I 
remember  how  careful  he  was  to  prevent  the 
window  or  door  from  being  opened,  so  as  to  cause 
a  draught,  before  he  had  fixed  his  picture  ;  and  I 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  228. 


have  heard  him  lament  the  misfortune  of  having 
had  one  or  two  pictures  blown  away  in  this 
manner. 

The  effect  of  his  sand -pictures  was  extraordi- 
nary.    They  stood  out  in  bold  relief,  and  with  a  ; 
brilliancy  far  surpassing  any  oil  painting.    As  may  ; 
be  supposed,  this  style  of  painting  was  particularly  j 
adapted  for  landscapes  and  rocky  scenery ;  and  it  j 
enabled  the  artist  to  finish  foliage  with  a  richness 
which  nothing  could  surpass.     Mr.  Haas'  collec-  j 
tion  of  his    sand-paintings   was   a  rich  treat   to 
inspect.     After  his  death,  they  were  sold  and  dis-  ; 
persed;  but  many  must  be  found  in  the  collec-  | 
tions  of  gentlemen  in  Bristol  and  its  neighbour- 
hood. F.  C.  H.  l 


THE    SOLDIER  S    DISCIPLINE,    FROM    A   BROADSIDE 
OF    THE    YEAR    1642. 

*'  The  Grounds  of  Military  Discipline  :  or,  Certain  Brief 
Rules  for  the  Exercising  of  a  Company  or  Squadron. 

Observed  by  all. 

In  march,  in  motion,  troop  or  stand, 

Observe  both  leader  and  right  band  ; 

With  silence  note  in  what  degree 

You  in  the  body  placed  be  : 

That  so  you  may,  without  more  trouble, 

Know  where  to  stand,  and  when  to  double. 

Distances. 

True  distance  keep  in  files,  in  ranks 

Open  close  to  the  front,  reare,  flanks, 

Backward,  forward,  to  the  right,  left,  or  either, 

Backward  and  forward  both  together. 

To  the  right,  left,  outward  or  in, 

According  to  directions  given. 

To  order,  close,  open,  double, 

Distance,  distance,  double,  double  : 

For  this  alone  prevents  distraction, 

And  giveth  lustre  to  the  action. 

Facings. 

Face  to  the  right,  or  to  the  left,  both  wayes  to  the 

reare, 

Inward,  outward,  and  as  you  were  : 
To  the  front,  reare,  flanks,  and  peradventure 
To  every  angle,  and  to  the  centre. 

Doublings. 

To  bring  more  hands  in  the  front  to  fight, 

Double  ranks  unto  the  righil, 

Or  left,  or  both,  if  need  require, 

Direct  divisionall  or  intire  : 

By  doubling  files  accordingly, 

Your  flanks  will  strengthened  be  thereby. 

Halfe  files  and  bringers-up  likewise 

To  the  front  may  double,  none  denies  ; 

Nor  would  it  very  strange  appear 

For  th'  front  half  files  or  double  the  reare  : 

The  one  half  ranks  to  double  the  other, 

Thereby  to  strengthen  one  the  other. 


Countermarches. 

But  lest  I  should  seem  troublesome, 
To  countermarches  next  I  come. 
Which,  though  they  many  seem  to  be, 
Are  all  included  in  these  three  : 
Maintaining,  gaining,  losing  ground, 
And  severall  wayes  to  each  is  found  : 
By  which  their  proper  motion  's  guided, 
In  files,  in  ranks,  in  both  divided. 

Wheeling. 

Wheel  your  battell  ere  you  fight, 

For  better  advantage  to  the  right, 

Or  left,  or  round  about 

To  either  angle,  or  where  you  doubt 

Your  enemie  will  first  oppose  you  ; 

And  therefore  unto  their  Foot  close  you. 

Divisionall  wheeling  I  have  seen. 

In  sundrie  places  practis'd  been, 

To  alter  either  form  or  figure, 

By  wheeling  severall  wayes  together. 

And,  had  I  time  to  stand  upon  't, 

I'de  wheele  my  wings  into  the  front. 

By  wheeling  flanks  into  the  reare, 

They'll  soon  reduce  them  as  they  were. 

Besides,  it  seems  a  pretty  thing 

To  wheel,  front,  and  reare  to  either  wing  : 

Wheele  both  wings  to  the  reare  and  front ; 

Face  to  the  reare,  and  having  done  't, 

Close  your  divisions ;  even  your  ranks, 

Wheel  front  and  reare  into  both  flanks : 

And  thus  much  know,  cause,  note  I'll  smother, 

To  one  wheeling  doth  reduce  the  other. 

Conversion  and  Inversion. 

One  thing  more  and  I  have  done  ; 

Let  files  rank  by  conversion  : 

To  th'  right,  or  th'  left,  to  both,  and  then 

Ranks  by  conversion  fill  again  : 

Troop  for  the  colours,  march,  prepare  for  fight, 

Behave  yourselves  like  men,  and  so  good  night. 

The  summe  of  all  that  hath  been  spoken  may  be 
comprised  thus : 
Open,  close,  face,  double,  countermarch,  wheel,  charge, 

retire ; 

Invert,   convert,   reduce,   trope,  march,  make   readie, 
fire." 

ANON. 


LEADING   ARTICLES    OF    FOREIGN    NEWSPAPERS. 

The  foreign  correspondence  of  the  English  press 
is  an  invaluable  feature  of  that  mighty  engine  of 
civilisation  and  progress,  for  which  the  world  cannot 
be  too  thankful ;  but  as  the  agents  in  it  at  Paris, 
Berlin,  Vienna,  &c.,  are  more  or  less  imbued  with 
the  insular  views  and  prejudices  which  they  carry 
with  them  from  England,  Scotland,  or  Ireland,  it 
were  well  if  the  daily  journals  devoted  more  at- 
tention than  they  do  to  the  leading  articles  of  the 
Continental  press,  which  is  frequently  distin- 
guished by  great  ability  and  interest,  and  would 


MAK.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


enable  Englishmen,  not  versed  in  foreign  lan- 
guages, to  judge,  from  another  point  of  view,  of 
Continental  affairs  —  now  becoming  of  surpassing 
interest  and  importance.  Translations  or  ab- 
stracts of  the  leading  articles  of  The  Times,  Morn- 
ing Chronicle,  Morning  Post,  &c.,  are  constantly 
to  be  met  with  in  the  best  foreign  papers.  Why 
should  not  our  great  London  papers  more  fre- 
quently gratify  their  readers  with  articles  from 
the  pens  of  their  Continental  brotherhood  ?  This 
would  afford  an  opportunity  also  of  correcting  the 
false  statements,  or  replying  to  the  erroneous 
judgments  put  forth  and  circulated  abroad  by 
writers  whose  distinguished  position  enables  them, 
unintentionally  no  doubt,  to  do  the  more  mischief. 
A  surprising  change  for  the  better,  however,  as 
respects  Great  Britain,  is  manifest  in  the  tone  and 
information  of  the  foreign  press  of  late  years. 
Let  us  cherish  this  good  feeling  by  a  correspond- 
ing demeanour  on  our  part.  ALPHA. 


Materials  for  a  History  of  Druidism. — 

"  It  would  be  a  commendable,  useful,  and  easy  task 
io  collect  what  the  ancients  have  left  us  on  the  subject 
of  Druidism.  Such  a  collection  would  form  a  very 
small  but  interesting  volume.  It  would  supersede,  in 
every  library,  the  idle  and  tedious  dreams  and  con- 
jectures of  the  Stukeleys,  the  Borlases,  the  Rowlands, 
the  Vallanceys,  the  Davies's,  the  Jones's,  and  the 
Whitakers.  Toland's  work  on  the  Druids,  though 
far  from  unexceptionable,  has  more  solid  intelligence 
than  any  other  modern  composition  of  its  kind.  It  is 
Q,  pity  that  he  or  some  other  person  has  not  given  as 
faithful  translations  of  the  Irish  Christian  MSS.  which 
he  mentions,  as  these  have,  no  doubt,  preserved  much 
respecting  Druidical  manners  and  superstitions,  of 
which  many  vestiges  are  still  existing,  though  not  of 
the  kind  usually  referred  to." 

"  The  Roman  history  of  Britain  can  only  be  col- 
lected from  the  Roman  writers ;  and  what  they  have 
left  is  very  short  indeed.  It  might  be  disposed  of  in 
the  way  recommended  for  the  History  of  the  Druids." 
—  Douce's  notes  on  Whitaker's  History  of  Manchester, 
vol.  i.  p.  136.  of  Corrections  in  Book  i.,  ibid.  p.  148. 

ANON. 

Domestic  Chapels.  —  There  is  an  interesting 
example  of  a  domestic  chapel,  with  an  upper 
chamber  over  it  for  the  chaplain's  residence,  and 
a  ground  floor  underneath  it  for  some  undiscover- 
able  purpose,  to  be  seen  contiguous  to  an  ancient 
farm-house  at  Ilsam,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Wary 
Church,  in  the  county  of  Devon. 

The  structure  is  quite  ecclesiastical  in  its  cha- 
racter, and  appears  to  have  been  originally,  as 
now,  detached  from  the  family  house,  or  only  con- 
nected with  it  by  a  short  passage  leading  to  the  floor 
on  which  the  chapel  itself  stood.  JOHN  JAMES. 


Ordinary. — The  following  is  a  new  meaning  for 
the  word  ordinary  :  —  "  Do  ye  come  in  and  see  my 
poor  man,  for  he  is  piteous  ordinary  to-day."  This 
speech  was  addressed  to  me  by  a  poor  woman  who 
wished  me  to  go  and  see  her  husband.  He  was 
ordinary  enough,  although  she  had  adorned  his 
head  with  a  red  night-cap  ;  but  her  meaning  was 
evidently  that  he  was  far  from  well ;  and  Johnson's 
Dictionary  does  not  give  this  signification  to  the 
word. 

A  cottage  child  once  told  me  that  the  dog 
opened  his  mouth  "  a  power  wide."  ®2J.  $. 

Thorn's  Irish  Almanac  and  Official  Directory 
for  1854.  —  In  the  advertisement  prefixed  to  this 
valuable  compilation,  which,  according  to  the 
Quarterly  Review,  "  contains  more  information 
about  Ireland  than  has  been  collected  in  one 
volume  in  any  country,"  we  may  find  the  follow- 
ing words : 

"  All  parliamentary  and  official  documents  pro- 
curable, have  been  collected ;  and  their  contents,  so  far 
as  they  bore  on  the  state  of  the  country,  carefully 
abstracted  ;  and  where  any  deficiencies  have  been  ob- 
servable, the  want  has  been  supplied  by  applications  to 
private  sources,  which,  in  every  instance,  have  been 
most  satisfactorily  answered.  He  [Mr.  Thorn]  is  also 
indebted  to  similar  applications  to  the  ruling  authori- 
ties of  the  several  religious  persuasions  for  the  undis- 
puted accuracy  of  the  ecclesiastical  department  of  the 
Almanac" 

I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  latter  words  j 
and  in  so  doing,  I  assure  you,  I  feel  only  a  most 
anxious  desire  to  see  some  farther  improvements 
effected  by  Mr.  Thorn. 

I  cannot  allow  "  the  undisputed  accuracy  of  the 
ecclesiastical  department,"  inasmuch  as  I  have  de- 
tected, even  on  a  cursory  examination,  very  many 
inaccuracies  which  a  little  care  would  certainly 
have  prevented.  For  example,  in  p.  451.  (Eccle- 
siastical Directory,  Established  Church  and  Dio- 
cese of  Dublin),  there  are  at  least  five  grave 
mistakes,  and  four  in  the  following  page.  These 
pages  I  have  taken  at  random.  1  could  easily 
point  out  other  pages  equally  inaccurate ;  but  I 
have  done  enough  I  think  to  prove,  that  while  I 
willingly  accord  to  the  enterprising  publisher  the 
full  meed  of  praise  he  so  well  deserves,  a  little 
more  attention  should  be  paid  in  future  to  the 
preparation  of  the  ecclesiastical  department. 

ABHBA. 

Antiquity  of  the  Word  "  Snub"— 

"  Beware  we  then  euer  of  discontente,  and  snubbe  it 
betimes,  least  it  overthrowe  us  as  it  hath  done  manie." 

"Such  snubs  as  these  be  little  cloudes."  —  Comfort- 
able Notes  on  Genesis,  by  Gervase  Babington,  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  1596. 

J.  R.  P. 

Charles  I.  at  Little  Woolford.  —There  is  an 
ancient  house  at  Little  Woolford  (in  the  south- 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


east  corner  of  Warwickshire)  connected  with 
which  is  a  tradition  that  Charles  I.,  after  the 
battle  of  Edge  Hill,  which  is  not  far  distant, 
secreted  himself  in  an  oven  there.  This  oven  is 
preserved  for  the  inspection  of  the  curious. 

B.  H.  C. 

Coincidences  between  Sir  Thomas  Browne  and 
Bishop  Ken.  —  Sir  Thomas  Browne  wrote  his  Ke- 
ligio  Medici  in  1533-5  ;  and  in  it  suggested  some 
familiar  verses  of  the  "  Evening  Hymn  "  of  his 
brother  Wykehamist  Bishop  Ken.  The  lines  are 
as  follows : 

Sir  Thomas  Browne. 

"  Guard  me  'gainst  those  watchful  foes, 
"Whose  eyes  are  open,  while  mine  close  ; 
Let  no  dreams  my  head  infest, 
But  such  as  Jacoh's  temples  blest : 
Sleep  is  a  death  :  oh,  make  me  try, 
By  sleeping,  what  it  is  to  die  ! 
And  as  gently  lay  my  head 
On  my  grave,  as  now  my  hed. 
Howe'er  I  rest,  great  God,  let  me 
Awake  again  at  last  with  Thee." 

Bishop  Ken. 

u  Let  no  ill  dreams  disturb  my  rest ; 
No  powers  of  darkness  me  molest. 
Teach  me  to  live,  that  I  may  dread 
The  grave  as  little  as  my  bed  : 
Teach  me  to  die,  that  so  I  may 
Rise  glorious  at  the  awful  day. 
Oh,  may  my  soul  on  Thee  repose, 
And  with  sweet  sleep  mine  eyelids  close; 
Sleep  that  may  me  more  vigorous  make, 
To  serve  my  God  when  I  awake." 

I  have  never  seen  this  curious  coincidence 
noticed  by  any  of  the  good  bishop's  biographers, 
Hawkins,  Bowles,  or  Mr.  Anderdon. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

The  English  School  of  Painting.  —  In  a  note  to 
a  volume  of  poems  by  Victor  Hugo,  published  in 
1836,  occur  these  remarks  : 

"  M.  Louis  Boulanger,  ii  qui  ces  deux  ballades  sont 
dediees,  s'est  place  bien  jeune  au  premier  rang  de 
cette  nouvelle  generation  de  peintres,  qui  promet 
d'elever  notre  ecole  au  niveau  des  magnifiques  ecoles 
d'ltalie,  d'Espagne,  de  Flandre,  et  d'Angleterre." 

Does  this  praise  of  the  English  school  of  paint- 
ing show  a  correct  appreciation  of  its  claims  to 
distinction  ?  or  am  I  in  error  in  supposing,  as  I 
have  done,  that  our  school  of  painting  is  not  en- 
titled to  the  pompous  epithet  of  "  magnifique," 
nor  to  be  named  in  the  same  category  with  the 
Italian,  Spanish,  and  Flemish  schools  ?  I  am 
aware  of  the  hackneyed  and  somewhat  hyperbolical 
employment,  by  French  writers  and  speakers,  of 
such  terms  as  magnifique,  superbe,  grandiose ;  and 
that  they  do  not  convey  to  a  French  ear  the  same 
idea  of  superiority,  as  they  do  to  our  more  sober 


English  judgment ;  but  making  every  allowance 
on  this  score,  I  confess  I  was  not  a  little  startled 
to  find  such  a  term  as  magnifique,  even  in  its 
most  moderate  acceptation,  applied  to  our  efforts 
in  that  branch  of  art.  Magnifique,  in  truth,  must 
be  our  school,  when  the  French  can  condescend 
to  speak  of  it  in  such  language  ! 

HENRY  II.  BREEN. 
St.  Lucia, 

"  A  Feather  in  your  Cap."  —  My  good  friend 
Dr.  Wolff  mentioned  in  conversation  a  circum- 
stance (also  stated,  I  fancy,  in  his  Journey  to 
Bokhara)  which  seemed  to  afford  a  solution  of  the 
common  expression,  "  That's  a  feather  in  your 
cap."  I  begged  he  would  give  it  me  in  writing, 
and  he  has  done  so.  "  The  Kafir  Seeyah  Poosh 
(meaning  the  infidels  in  black  clothing)  living 
around  Cabul  upon  the  height  of  the  mountains 
of  the  Himalaya,  who  worship  a  god  called 
Dagon  and  Imra,  are  great  enemies  of  the  Mu- 
hamedans ;  and  for  each  Muhamedan  they  kill, 
they  wear  a  feather  in  their  heads.  The  same  is 
done  among  the  Abyssinians  and  Turcomans." 

Has  the  feather  head-dress  of  the  American 
Indian,  and  the  eagle's  feather  in  the  bonnet  of 
the  Highlander,  any  connexion  with  keeping  a 
score  of  the  deaths  of  the  enemies  or  game  they 
have  killed  ?  ALFRED  GATTT. 

CUtterioS. 

DOMESTIC   ARCHITECTURE  :     LICENCES   TO   CRENEL- 
LATE. 

Previous  to  the  publication  of  the  second  volume 
of  the  Domestic  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages> 
you  were  kind  enough  to  insert  some  Queries  for 
me  respecting  existing  remains  of  houses  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  which  elicited  some  useful 
Notes,  partly  through  your  columns  and  partly 
from  private  friends  who  were  thus  reminded  of 
my  wants.  I  am  now  preparing  for  the  press  the 
third  and  concluding  volume  of  that  work,  com- 
prising the  period  from  the  reign  of  Richard  II. 
to  that  of  Henry  VIII.  inclusive.  I  shall  be  glad 
of  information  of  any  houses  of  that  period  re- 
maining in  a  tolerably  perfect  state,  in  addition  to 
those  mentioned  in  the  Glossary  of  Architecture. 
I  have  reason  to  believe  that  there  are  many ;  and 
one  class,  the  halls  of  the  different  guilds,  seem  to 
have  been  generally  overlooked. 

With  the  kind  assistance  of  Mr.  Duffus  Hardy, 
I  have  obtained  a  complete  list  of  the  licences  to 
crenellate  contained  in  the  Patent  Rolls,  and  some 
other  records  preserved  in  the  Tower.  Most  of 
these  have  the  name  of  the  county  annexed ;  but 
there  are  a  few,  of  which  I  add  a  list,  in  which  no 
county  is  mentioned,  and  local  information  is  ne- 
cessary in  order  to  identify  them.  Perhaps  some 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


221 


of  your  numerous  readers  will  be  able  to  assist 
me. 

Licences  to  Crenellate. 


When  granted. 

Name  of  Place. 

To  whom  granted. 

22  Edward  I. 

Melton. 

John  de  Cokefeld. 

17  Edward  II. 
5  Edward  III. 
9  Edward  II  f. 

Molun. 
Newton  in  Makerfeld. 
Esselyngton. 

Raymond  de  Grismak. 
Robert  de  Langeton. 
Robert  de  Esselyngton. 

12  Edward  III. 

Cublesdon. 

John  Trussell. 

Ditto. 

La  Beche. 

Nicholas  de  la  Beche. 

Ditto 

Beaumes. 

Ditto. 

15  Edward  III. 

Prin<*ham. 

Reginald  de  Cobham. 

Ditto. 

Orkesdene. 

Ditto. 

Ditto. 

Stanstede. 

Robert  Burghchier. 

16  Edward  III. 

Credonio. 

Bernard  de  Dalham. 

Ditto. 
18  Edward  III. 

Chevelyngham. 

William  Lengleys. 
Thomas  de  Aeton. 

J.  H.  PAEKEB. 


DIXON   OF   BEESTON. 

Will  the  Editor  be  kind  enough  to  insert  the 
accompanying  letter,  for  if  true  it  is  worthy  of  a 
place  in  the  heraldic  portion  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  and 
if  not  true,  its  imposture  should  stand  recorded  ? 
On  receiving  it  I  sent  a  copy  to  my  brother,  Mr. 
J.  H.  Dixon,  an  able  antiquary,  and  late  of  the 
council  of  the  Percy  Society,  who,  somewhat  too 
hastily  I  think,  and  without  sufficient  proof,  re- 
jected the  information  offered.  That  the  family 
which  my  brother  represents  is  a  "  good  old  "  one, 
is  sufficiently  attested  by  the  pedigree  furnished 
by  Thoresby  in  the  Ducatus  Leodiensis,  and  thence 
copied  by  Mr.  Burke  in  his  Landed  Gentry ;  but 
of  its  earlier  history  there  is  no  reliable  account, 
unless  that  by  Mr.  Spence  can  be  considered 
Buch. 

I  shall  feel  very  much  obliged  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  learned  in  the  genealogies  of  York- 
shire and  Cheshire  could  either  corroborate  the 
genuineness  of  the  information  tendered  by  Mr. 
Spence,  or  prove  the  reverse ;  and  it  is  only  fair 
to  that  gentleman  to  add  that  he  is  entitled  to 
credibility  on  the  written  testimony  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Knox,  Incumbent  of  Birkenhead. 

R.  W.  DIXON,  J.  P. 

Seaton  Carew,  co.  Durham. 

Sir, 

Having  been  engaged  by  Miss  Cotgreave,  of  No- 
therlegh  House,  near  Chester,  to  inspect  and  arrange 
the  title-deeds  and  other  documents  which  belonged  to 
her  father,  the  late  Sir  John  Cotgreave,  I  find  a  very 
ancient  pedigree  of  the  Cotgreaves  de  Hargrave  in  that 
county  ;  which  family  became  extinct  in  the  direct 
male  line  in  the  year  1724,  but  which  was  represented 
through  females  by  the  above  Sir  J.  C. 

It  is  the  work  of  the  great  Camden,  anno  1598,  from 
documents  in  the  possession  of  the  Cotgreave  family, 
and  contains  the  descents  of  five  generations  of  the 
Dixons  of  Beeston,  in  the  county  of  York,  and  Con- 
gleton,  Cheshire,  together  with  their  marriages  and 
armorial  bearings,  commencing  with  "  Ralph  Dixon, 
Esq.,  de  Beeston  and  Congleton,  living  temp.  Hen.  VI., 


who  was  slain  whilst  fighting  on  the  part  of  the  York- 
ists, at  the  battle  of  Wakefield,  A.D.  1460." 

Presuming  that  you  are  descended  from  this  ancient 
family,  I  will  (if  you  think  proper)  transmit  to  you 
extracts  from  the  aforesaid  pedigree,  as  far  as  relates  to 
your  distinguished  progenitors,  conditionally  that  you 
remunerate  me  for  the  information  and  definition  of 
the  armorial  bearings,  there  being  five  shields,  contain- 
ing twelve  quarterings  connected  with  the  family  of 
Dixon. 

Miss  Cotgreave  will  allow  me  to  make  the  extracts, 
and  has  kindly  consented  to  attest  the  same. 

The  arms  of  Dixon,  as  depicted  in  the  Cotgreave 
pedigree,  are  "  Sable,  a  fleur-de-lis  or,  a  chief  ermine," 
quartering  the  ensigns  of  the  noble  houses  of  "  Robert 
Fitz-Hugh,  Baron  of  Malpas  in  the  county  of  Chester, 
temp.  William  the  Conqueror ;  Eustace  Crewe  de 
Montalt,  Lord  of  Hawarden,  Flintshire,  during  the 
said  reign  ;  Robert  de  Umfreville,  Lord  of  Tours,  and 
Vian,  and  Reddesdale,  in  Northumberland,  who  flou- 
rished in  the  same  reign  also  ;  Pole,  Talboys,  Welles, 
Latimer,"  and  others. 

In  the  pedigree,  Camden  states  that  the  aforesaid 
"  Ralph  Dixon  quartered  the  ensigns  of  the  above 
noble  families  in  right  of  his  mother  Maude,  daughter 
and  co-heiress  of  Sir  Ralph  Fitz-Hugh  de  Congleton 
and  Elton  in  the  county  palatine  of  Chester." 
I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir, 

Your  very  obedient  humble  servant, 

WILLIAM  SIDNEY  SPENCE. 

Priory  Place,  Birkenhead, 

Chester. 
Dec.  14.  1848. 


Aiherstone  Family.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
oblige  me  with  information  concerning  the  Ather- 
stone  family  ?  Is  it  an  old  name,  or  was  it  first 
given  some  three  or  four  generations  back  to  a 
foundling,  picked  up  near  the  town  of  Atherston  ? 

M.  A.  B. 

Classic  Authors  and  the  Jews. — Where  can  I 
find  a  complete  or  full  account  of  passages  in. 
Greek  and  Latin  authors,  which  refer  to  Judea 
and  the  Jews  ?  It  has  been  said  that  these  refer- 
ences are  very  few,  and  that  in  Cicero,  for  in- 
stance, there  is  not  one.  This  last  is  wrong,  I 
know.  (See  e.  g.  Cic.  Pro  L.  Flacco,  28.,  and  De 
Prov.  Consul  5.)  B.  H.  C. 

Bishop  Hooper's  Argument  on  the  Vestment 
Controversy.  —  Glocester  Ridley,  in  his  Life  of 
Bishop  Ridley,  p.  315.,  London,  1763,  states,  in 
reference  to  Bishop  Hooper's  Book  to  the  Council 
against  the  use  of  those  Habits  which  were  then  used 
by  the  Church  of  England  in  her  sacred  Ministries, 
written  October,  1550,  "  Part  of  Hooper's  book  I 
have  by  me  in  MS."  Could  any  one  state  whe- 
ther that  MS.  is  now  in  existence,  or  where  it  is 
to  be  found  ?  It  is  of  much  importance  to  obtain 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228, 


an  answer  to  this  inquiry,  as  Bishop  Ridley's  MS. 
Reply  to  Bishop  Hooper  is,  for  the  first  time, 
about  to  be  printed  by  the  Parker  Society, 
through  the  kind  permission  of  its  possessor,  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart,  in  the  second  volume  of 
the  Writings  of  Bradford  which  I  am  editing  ; 
and,  to  make  Ridley's  reply  fully  intelligible,  ac- 
cess is  needed  to  Bishop  Hooper's  Book  to  the 
Council.  A.  TOWN  SEND. 

Weston  Lane,  Bath, 
February  23. 

The  Title  of  "  J)ominus" — How  is  it  that  at 
Cambridge  the  title  of  Dominus  is  applied  to 
B.  A.'s,  while  at  Oxford  it  is  confined  to  the  doc- 
torate ?  W.  FRASER. 

Tor-Mohun. 

The  De  Rons  Family.  —  Hugh  Rufus,  or  De 
Rous,  was  Bishop  of  Ossory,  A.i>.  1202.  He  had 
been  previously  an  Augustinian  Canon  of  Bodmin, 
in  Cornwall.  Query,  Was  he  a  cadet  of  the  an- 
cient family  of  De  Rous ;  and  if  so,  what  was  his 
descent  ?  JAMES  GRAVES. 

Where  was  the  Fee  of  S.  Sanxon  ?  —  At  the 
end  of  "  Ordericus  Vitalis,"  in  the  Gesta  Norman- 
norum,  is  a  list  called  the  "  Feoda  Normannias," 
wherein,  under  the  title  "  Feoda  Ebroic.,"  occurs 
the  entry : 

"  S.  Sanxon  dim.  f.  in  friche." 

Francis  Drake,  in  his  Antiquities  of  York,  Lon- 
don, 1736,  p.  70.,  speaks  of  "  Sampson,  or  Sanxo" 
the  archbishop  of  that  see ;  and  elsewhere  men- 
tions the  parish  church  of  S.  Sampson,  "  called  by 
some  Sanxo." 

What  I  wish  to  ask  is,  Where  was  this  half  fee 
of  S.  Sanxon  ?  Whether  it  had  any  connexion 
with  Sanson  sur  Rille  ?  And  whether  it  was  the 
place  from  which  "Ralph  de  S.  Sanson"  or  "  San- 
son  Clericus"  of  the  Domesday  Booh,  who  was 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Worcester,  derived  his 
name? 

Russian  Emperors.  —  Is  there  any  truth  in  a 
rumour  that  was  current  two  or  three  years  since 
respecting  the  limited  period  that  was  placed 
upon  the  reign  of  any  Russian  monarch  ?  Twenty- 
five  years  was  the  time  stated,  at  the  termination 
of  which  the  Emperor  had  to  abdicate.  As  this 
period  has  elapsed,  and  nq,  abdication  has  taken 
place  by  the  present  Autocrat,  some  one  may 
perhaps  be  able  to  state  how  such  a  statement 
originated,  and  upon  what  grounds  ? 

THOS.  CROSFIELD. 

Episcopal  Insignia  of  the  Eastern  Church.  — 
Having  seen  in  a  late  number  of  the  Illustrated 
London  News  (Feb.  11,  1854)  a  peculiarly  shaped 
episcopal  staff,  with  a  cross  rising  from  between 
two  in-curved  dragons'  heads,  which  is  repre- 


sented in  the  hand  of  the  metropolitan  of  Walla^ 
chia,  I  would  be  glad  to  know  whether  this  form 
is  peculiar  to  any  branch  of  the  Eastern  Church. 
A  reference  to  a  work  of  authority  on  the  subject 
will  oblige  a  provincialist.  JAMES  GRAVES. 

Amontillado  Sherry.  —  What  is  the  real  meaning 
of  this  epithet  ?  A  friend,  who  had  travelled  in 
Spain,  and  visited  some  famous  cellars  at  Xeres, 
told  me  that  the  peculiar  flavour  of  the  Amontil- 
lado Sherry  was  always  an  accidental  result  of 
mixing  butts  of  wine  brought  to  the  merchant  by 
a  variety  of  growers.  I  mentioned  this  to  another 
friend  who  had  the  wine  on  his  table;  and  he 
ridiculed  the  account,  saying  that  the  Amontil- 
lado Sherry  was  from  a  grape  peculiar  to  the  dis- 
trict. What  district,  I  could  not  ascertain. 

ALFRED  GATTY. 

Col.  Michael  Smith's  Family. — Perhaps  some 
of  your  readers  may  be  enabled  to  give  me  some 
information  of  the  family  of  Smith,  to  which  Col. 
Michael  Smith,  Lieut.-Governor  of  Nevis  about 
1750,  belongs.  A  WEST  INDIAN. 

Pronunciation  of  Foreign  Names.  —  How  shall 
we  pronounce  Sinope,  Citate,  and  many  other 
words  which  are  now  becoming  familiar  to  our 
eyes  ?  I  think  ^the  bookseller  who  should  give  us 
a  vocabulary  of  proper  names  of  foreign  persons 
and  places,  with  the  correct  pronunciation  at- 
tached, would  be  encouraged  by  an  extensive  sale. 
So  far  as  my  knowledge  extends,  such  a  work  is  a 
desideratum.  THINKS  I  TO  MYSELF. 

Artesian  Wells.  —  One  who  is  about  to  dig  a 
well  on  his  land  would  be  glad  to  know  :  —  1 . 
Whether,  in  all  cases,  artesian  wells  are  preferable  ? 
2.  If  yes,  why  they  are  not  universally  adopted, 
and  whether  they  are  more  expensive  than  the 
common  sort  ?  3.  If  not  preferable  in  all  cases,  in 
what  cases  they  are  preferable  ?  STYLITES. 

Norman  Towers  in  London.  —  Can  you  inform 
me  if  there  is  any  other  church  in  the  city  of 
London  with  a  Norman  tower,  besides  Allhallows, 
Mark  Lane  ?  which,  by  the  bye,  has  been  colour- 
washed :  I  suppose,  to  preserve  it !  J.  W.  BROWN. 

Papyrus. — Where,  or  of  whom,  can  a  specimen 
of  Papyrus  be  obtained  ?  R.  H. 

Islington. 

Mathew,  a  Cornish  Family. — I  am  anxious  to 
know  the  connexion  of  a  family  of  Mathew,  late 
of  Tresungar,  co.  Cornwall,  with  any  stock  in 
Wales ;  and  I  will  gladly  defray  any  necessary 
expense  of  search,  if  I  can  attain  this  object.  The 
descent  of  a  family  of  the  name,  apparently  the 
same  from  the  arms,  in  an  old  recueil  of  Devon- 
shire families,  is  headed  "nuper  de  Wallia;"  and 
a  visitation  of  that  county  ascribes  their  bearing 


MAE.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


223 


(a  stork)  to  a  marriage  with  an  heir  of  Starkey, 
which  I  have  been  unable  to  verify.  A  Visitation 
of  Cornwall,  to  which  I  have  had  access,  gives  a 
grant,  or  probably  a  confirmation  of  the  arms  by 
Cooke.  If  this  celebrated  Herald's  grants  are  on 
record,  some  clew  would  probably  be  found ;  but 
I  doubt  not  that  many  of  your  readers  well  versed 
in  genealogical  research  can  readily  answer  my 
Query,  and  I  trust  to  their  kindness  to  do  so.  B. 
Birkenhead. 


Bunyan's  Descendants.  —  As  a  recent  Query  re- 
specting John  Bunyan  may  lead  to  some  notices 
of  his  descendants,  perhaps  I  may  be  informed  in 
what  edition  of  his  works  it  is  stated  that  a  branch 
of  his  family  settled  in  Nottingham  ?  for  I  find 
in  the  burgess-roll  of  that  borough  that  George 
Bunyan  was  entered  freeman  in  1752.  William 
Bunyan,  lieutenant  in  the  navy,  1767;  Thomas 
Bunyan,  hosier,  1776.  In  event  of  the  above 
story  being  verified,  a  pedigree  may  possibly  be 
extracted  hereafter  from  the  parish  registers  of 
the  town.  As  far  as  my  own  examination  goes, 
the  editions  in  the  British  Museum  afford  no  cor- 
roboration  to  what  I  have  heard.  FURVUS. 

Plumstead  Common. 

[We  have  been  favoured  with  the  following  article 
on  this  subject  from  George  Offbr,  Esq.,  of  Hackney  : 

*'  Where  are  John  Bunyan's  Descendants  ? — It  is  na- 
tural to  inquire  after  the  ancestors  and  descendants  of 
great  men,  although  experience  proves  that  intellectual 
greatness  runs  not  in  blood,  for  earth's  great  and  most 
illustrious  sons  descended  from  and  left  descendants 
who  merged  among  the  masses  of  her  little  ones.  Of 
his  ancestors  Bunyan  boasted  not,  but  pleaded  with 
the  readers  of  the  first  edition  of  his  Sighs  from  Hell, 
1  Be  not  ashamed  to  own  me  because  of  my  low  and 
contemptible  descent  in  the  world.'  From  the  life  of 
the  great  dreamer,  appended  to  my  second  edition  of 
Bunyan's  works  (Blackie,  Glasgow),  it  appears  that 
he  left  three  children:  Thomas,  a  valuable  member  of 
his  church  ;  Joseph,  who  settled  in  Nottingham  ;  and 
Sarah.  Joseph  is  named  by  one  of  Bunyan's  earliest 
biographers,  who  told  his  father  that  'a  worthy  citizen 
of  London  would  take  him  apprentice  without  money, 
which  might  be  a  great  means  to  advance  him ;  but  he 
replied  to  me,  God  did  not  send  him  to  advance  his  family, 
but  to  preach  the  Gospel* 

"  The  Rev.  J.  H.  A.  Rudd  of  Bedford  and  Elstow  has 
most  kindly  searched  the  registers  of  Elstow  and  Gold- 
ington,  and  has  discovered  some  interesting  entries  ; 
and,  as  his  numerous  engagements  will  permit,  he  will 
search  the  registry  of  the  parish  churches  in  Bedford 
and  its  vicinity.  Information  would  be  most  accept- 
able relative  to  Bunyan's  father  and  mother,  his  two 
wives,  and  his  children,  John,  Elizabeth,  arid  Mary, 
who  died  in  his  life-time  ;  and  also  as  to  Joseph.  If 
your  correspondent  FURVUS  would  search  the  registers 
at  Nottingham,  he  might  discover  some  valuable  re- 


cords of  that  branch  of  the  family.  Bunyan  is  said  to 
have  been  baptized  about  1653  ;  and  in  the  Elstow  re- 
gister it  appears  that  his  daughter  Mary  was  registered 
as  baptized  July  20,  1650,  while  his  next  daughter, 
Elizabeth,  is  on  the  register  as  born  April  14,  1654, 
showing  the  change  in  his  principles,  as  to  infant  bap- 
tism, to  have  taken  place  between  those  periods.  The 
family  Bible  given  by  John  Bunyan  to  his  son  Joseph, 
now  in  my  possession,  confirms  the  statement  verbally 
communicated  to  me  by  his  descendant  Mrs.  Senegar, 
that  her  great-grandfather  Joseph,  having  conformed  to 
please  his  rich  wife,  was  anxious  to  conceal  his  affinity 
to  the  illustrious  tinker.  The  registers  contained  in  it 
begin  with  Joseph's  son  Thomas  and  Susannah  his  wife, 
and  it  is  continued  to  Robert  Bunyan,  born  1775,  and 
who  was  lately  living  at  Lincoln.  I  should  be  most 
happy  to  show  the  Bible  and  copies  of  registers  in  my 
possession  to  any  one  who  will  undertake  to  form  a 
genealogy."  GEORGE  OFFOR.] 

Epigram  on  Dennis.  — 

"  Should  Dennis  publish  you  had  stabb'd  your  brother, 
Lampoon'd  your  monarch,  or   debauch'd  your  mo- 
ther," &c. 

is  printed  as  by  Savage  in  Johnson's  Life  of 
Savage.  In  the  notes  to  The  Dunciad,  \.  106.,  it 
is  said  to  be  by  Pope.  Utri  credemus  f 

s.  z.  z.  s. 

[From  the  fact,  that  this  epigram  was  not  only  at- 
tributed to  Pope,  in  the  notes  to  the  second  edition 
of  The  Dunciad,  published  in  1729,  but  also  in  those  of 
1 743,  the  joint  edition  of  Pope  and  Warburton,  and 
both  published  before  the  death  of  Pope,  it  seems  ex- 
tremely probable  that  he  was  the  author  of  it ;  more 
especially  as  he  had  been  exasperated  by  a  twopenny 
tract,  of  which  Dennis  was  suspected  to  be  the  writer, 
called  A  True  Character  of  Mr.  Pope  and  his  Writings ': 
printed  for  S.  Popping,  1716.  D'Israeli  however,  in 
his  Calamities  of  Authors,  art.  "  The  Influence  of  a  bad 
Temper  in  Criticism,"  quoting  it  from  Dr.  Johnson, 
conjectures  it  was  written  on  the  following  occasion : 
"  Thomson  and  Pope  charitably  supported  the  veteran 
Zoilus  at  a  benefit  play,  and  Savage,  who  had  nothing 
but  a  verse  to  give,  returned  them  very  poetical  thanks 
in  the  name  of  Dennis.  He  was  then  blind  and  old, 
but  his  critical  ferocity  had  no  old  age ;  his  surliness 
overcame  every  grateful  sense,  and  he  swore  as 
usual,  '  They  could  be  no  one's  but  that  fool  Sa- 
vage's,' an  evidence  of  his  sagacity  and  brutality.  This 
perhaps  prompted  '  the  fool '  to  take  this  fair  revenge 
and  just  chastisement."  After  all,  Dr.  Johnson,  who 
was  at  the  time  narrating  Savage's  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  Pope,  may  have  attributed  to  the  former 
what  seems  to  have  been  the  production  of  the  latter.] 

Football  played  on  Shrove  Tuesday. — The  people 
of  this  and  the  neighbouring  towns  invariably  play 
at  football  on  Shrove  Tuesday.  What  is  the  ori- 
gin of  the  custom  ?  and  does  it  extend  to  other 
counties  ?  J.  P.  S> 

["  Shrove-tide,"  says  Warton,  "  was  formerly  a  season 
of  extraordinary  sport  and  feasting.  There  was  an- 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


ciently  a  feast  immediately  preceding  Lent,  which 
lasted  many  days,  called  Garni  acapium.  In  some  cities 
of  France  an  officer  was  annually  chosen,  called  Le 
Prince  d' Amoreux,  who  presided  over  the  sports  of  the 
youth  for  six  days  before  Ash  Wednesday.  Some 
traces  of  these  festivities  still  remain  in  our  Univer- 
sities." In  these  degenerate  days  more  is  known,  we 
suspect,  of  pancakes  and  fritters,  than  of  a  football 
match  and  a  cock-fight:  — the  latter,  we  are  happy  to 
say,  is  now  almost  forgotten  among  us.  As  to  the 
pancake  custom,  no  doubt  that  is  most  religiously 
observed  by  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q,.,"  in  obedience  to 
the  rubric  of  the  Oxford  Sausage  : 

"  Let  glad  Shrove  Tuesday  bring  the  pancake  thin, 
Or  fritter  rich,  with  apples  stored  within." 
According  to  Fitz-Stephen,  "  After  dinner,  all  the 
youths  go  into  the  fields  to  play  at  the  ball.  ^  The 
scholars  of  every  school  have  their  ball  and  bastion  in 
their  hands.     The  ancient  and  wealthy  men  of  the  city 
come  forth  on  horseback  to  see  the  sport  of  the  young 
men,  and  to  take  part  of  the  pleasure,  in  beholding 
their  agility."     And  till  within  the  last  few  years  ; 
".         .         .         .        The  humble  play 
Of  trap  or  football  on  a  holiday, 
In  Finsbury  fields,"  — 

was  sufficiently  common  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
London  and  other  places.  See  Brande's  Popular  An- 
tiquities, vol.  i.  pp.  63 — 94.  (Bonn's  edition),  and 
Hone's  Every-Day  Book,  vol.i.  pp.  244.  255—260.] 

Vossioner;  its  Meaning. — In  looking  over  a  par- 
cel of  brass  rubbings  made  some  years  since,  I 
find  the  word  vossioner  used,  and  not  knowing  its 
signification,  I  should  be  glad  to  be  enlightened 
on  the  subject ;  but,  in  order  to  enable  your 
readers  to  judge  more  correctly,  I  think  it  better 
to  copy  the  whole  of  the  epitaph  in  which  the 
word  occurs.  The  plate  is  in  Ufton  Church,  near 
Southam,  county  Warwick  ;  it  measures  eighteen 
inches  in  width  by  sixteen  deep. 

"  Here  lyeth  the  boddyes  of  Richard  Hoddomes, 
Parsson  and  Pattron  and  Vossioner  of  the  Churche  and 
Parishe  of  Oufton,  in  the  Countie  of  Warrike,  who 
died  one  Mydsomer  Daye,  1587.  And  Margerye  his 
WifFe  wth  her  seven  Child ryn,  as  namelye,  Richard, 
John,  and  John,  Anne,  Jane,  Elizabeth,  Ayles,  his  iiii 
•  Daughters,  whose  soule  restethe  with  God." 

I  give  the  epitaph  verbatim,  with  its  true  or- 
thography. There  are  some  curious  points  in  this 
epitaph.  First,  the  date  of  the  death  of  the  clergy- 
man only  is  given ;  second,  the  children  are  called 
Tiers,  while  the  four  daughters  are  his;  and  two  of 
the  sons  bear  the  same  Christian  name,  whilst  only 
one  soul  is  said  to  rest  with  God.  The  family  is 
represented  kneeling.  Above  the  inscription,  and 
between  the  clergyman  and  his  lady,  is  a  desk,  on 
which  is  represented  two  books  lying  open  before 
them.  J.  B.  WHITBORNE. 

[Vossioner  seems  to  be  a  corruption  of  the  Italian 
voseignor,  your  lord,  or  the  lord,  i.e.  owner  or  pro- 


prietor. Many  similar  words  were  introduced  by  the 
Italian  ecclesiastics  inducted  into  Church  livings  during 
the  sixteenth  century.  The  inscription  is  given  in  Dug- 
dale's  Warwickshire,  vol.  i.  p.  358.] 

The  Game  of  Chess.  —  At  what  period  was  the 
noble  game  of  chess  introduced  into  the  British 
Isles  ;  and  to  whom  are  we  indebted  for  its  intro- 
duction among  us  ?  B.  ASHTON. 

[The  precise  date  of  the  introduction  of  this  game 
into  Britain  is  uncertain.  What  has  been  collected 
respecting  it  will  be  found  in  the  Hon.  Daines  Bar- 
rington's  paper  in  Archceologia,  vol.  ix.  p.  28.;  and  in 
Hyde's  treatise,  Mandragorias,  seu  Historia  Shahiludii. 
Oxonia?,  1694.] 

A  Juniper  Letter.  —  Fuller,  in  describing  a  letter 
written  by  Bishop  Grosthead  to  Pope  Innocent  IV., 
makes  use  of  a  curious  epithet,  of  which  I  should 
be  glad  to  meet  with  another  instance,  if  it  be  not 
simply  a  "  Fullerism  "  : 

"  Bishop  Grouthead  offended  thereat,  wrote  Pope 
Innocent  IV.  such  a  juniper  letter,  taxing  him  with 
extortion  and  other  vicious  practices."  —  Church  His- 
tory, book  jn.,  A.D.  1254. 

J.  M.  B. 

["  A  juniper  lecture,"  meaning  a  round  scolding 
bout,  is  still  in  use  among  the  canting  gentry.] 


CLARENCE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  85.) 

Clarence  is  beyond  all  doubt  the  district  com- 
prehending and  lying  around  the  town  and  castle 
of  Clare  in  Suffolk,  and  not,  as  some  have  fanci- 
fully supposed,  the  town  of  Chiarenza  in  the 
Morea.  Some  of  the  crusaders  did,  indeed,  ac- 
quire titles  of  honour  derived  from  places  in 
eastern  lands,  but  certainly  no  such  place  ever 
gave  its  name  to  an  honorary  feud  held  of  the 
crown  of  England,  nor,  indeed,  has  ever  any 
English  sovereign  to  this  day  bestowed  a  territorial 
title  derived  from  a  place  beyond  the  limits  of  his 
own  nominal  dominions  ;  the  latest  creations  of  the 
kind  being  the  earldoms  of  Albemarle  and  Tan- 
kerville,  respectively  bestowed  by  William  III. 
and  George  I.,  who  were  both  nominally  kings  of 
Great  Britain,  France,  and  Ireland.  In  ancient 
times  every  English  title  (with  the  exception  of 
Aumerle  or  Albemarle,  which  exception  is  only  an 
apparent  one)  was  either  personal,  or  derived  from 
some  place  in  England.  The  ancient  earls  of 
Albemarle  were  not  English  peers  by  virtue  of 
that  earldom,  but  by  virtue  of  the  tenure  of  lands 
in  England,  though,  being  the  holders  of  a 
Norman  earldom,  they  were  known  in  England 
by  their  higher  designation,  just  as  some  of  the 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225 


Barons  De  Urafravill  were  styled,  even  in  writs 
of  summons,  by  their  superior  Scottish  title  of 
Earl  of  Angos.  If  these  earls  had  not  held  En- 
glish fees,  Ihey  would  not  have  been  peers  of 
England  any  more  than  were  the  ancient  Earls  of 
Tankerville  and  Eu.  In  later  times  the  strictness 
of  the  feudal  law  was  so  far  relaxed,  that  in  two 
or  three  instances  English  peers  were  created  with 
territorial  titles  derived  from  places  in  the  Duchy 
of  Normandy. 

As  to  the  locality  of  Clarence,  see  Sandford's 
Genealogical  History,  1707,  p.  222.  There  is  a 
paper  on  the  subject  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  November,  1850.  The  king  of  arms  called 
Clarenceux,  or  in  Latin  Clarentius,  was,  as  it  has 
been  very  reasonably  conjectured,  originally  a 
herald  retained  by  a  Duke  of  Clarence.  (Noble's 
History  of  the  College  of  Arms,  p.  61.)  Hoping 
ere  long  to  send  you  some  notes  respecting  certain 
real  or  seeming  anomalies  amongst  our  English 
dignities,  I  reserve  some  particulars  which  may, 
perhaps,  farther  elucidate  the  present  question. 

GOLDENCROSS. 

Your  correspondent  HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE 
Las  wandered  too  far  in  going  to  the  Morea  to 
search  for  this  title.  Clare  in  Suffolk  was  one  of 
the  ninety-five  manors  in  that  county  bestowed  by 
the  Conqueror  upon  Richard  Fitzgilbert,  who  (as 
well  as  his  successor  Gilbert)  resided  at  Tunbridge, 
and  bore  the  surname  of  De  Tonebruge.  His 
grandson  Richard,  the  first  Earl  of  Hertford,  fixed 
his  principal  seat  at  Clare,  and  thenceforth  the 
family  took  the  surname  of  De  Clare  ;  and  in  the 
Latin  documents  of  the  time  the  several  members 
of  it  were  styled  Ricardus  (or  Gilbertus),  Dominus 
Clarensis,  Comes  Hertfordiensis.  The  name  of 
the  lordship  thus  becoming  the  family  surname,  it 
is  easy  to  see  how  in  common  usage  the  formal 
epithet  Clarensis  soon  became  Clarence,  and  why 
Lionel,  the  son  of  Edward  III.,  upon  his  mar- 
riage with  Elizabeth  de  Burgh,  the  grand-niece 
and  heiress  of  the  last  Gilbertus  Clarensis,  should 
choose  as  the  title  for  his  dukedom  the  surname 
of  the  great  family  of  which  he  had  now  become 
the  representative.  VOKAROS. 


MILTON  S    WIDOW, 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  12.  134.  200.  375.  452.  471.  544. 
594.) 

GARLICIIITHE  is  again  on  the  wrong  scent.  In 
his  first  communication  on  this  subject,  he  allowed 
himself  to  go  astray  by  mistaking  Randle  Min- 
shull  the  grandfather  for  Randle  Minshull  the  son; 
and  now,  with  the  like  fatality,  he  fails  to  dis- 
criminate between  Richard  Minshull  the  uncle, 
and  Richard  Minshull  the  brother,  of  Elizabeth 
Milton.  A  second  examination  of  my  Reply  in 


Vol.  viii.,  p.  200.,  will  suffice  to  show  him  that 
Richard  Minshull,  the  party  to  the  deed  there 
quoted,  was  named  by  me  as  the  brother,  and  not 
the  uncle,  of  Milton's  widow,  and  that  therefore 
his  argument,  based  on  disparity  of  age,  &c.,  falls 
to  the  ground.  On  the  other  hand,  Richard 
Minshuli  of  Chester,  to  whom  the  letter  alluded 
to  was  addressed,  was  the  brother  of  Randle 
Minshull  of  Wistaston,  and  by  the  same  token, 
uncle  of  Elizabeth  Milton,  and  of  Richard  Min- 
shull, her  brother  and  co-partner  in  the  deed 
already  referred  to. 

GARLICHITHE,  and  all  others  who  have  taken  an 
interest  in  this  discussion,  will  now,  I  trust,  see 
clearly  that  there  has  been  nothing  adduced  by 
either  MR.  MARSH  or  myself  inconsistent  with 
ages  or  dates ;  but  that,  on  the  contrary,  all  our 
premises  and  conclusions  are  borne  out  by  evi- 
dence clear,  irreproachable,  and  incontestable. 

All  objections  being  now,  as  I  conceive,  fully 
combated  and  disposed  of,  the  substance  of  our 
investigations  may  be  summed  up  in  a  very  few 
words.  The  statement  of  Pennant,  adopted  by 
all  succeeding  writers,  to  the  effect  that  Elizabeth, 
the  widow  of  John  Milton,  was  a  daughter  of  Sir 
Edward  Minshull  of  Stoke,  is  clearly  proved  to  be 
a  fiction.  It  has  been  farther  proved,  from  the 
parish  registers,  as  well  as  from  bonds  and  other 
documentary  evidence,  that  she  was,  without 
doubt,  the  daughter  of  Randle  Minshull  of  Wis- 
taston, a  village  about  three  miles  from  Nantwich ; 
that  she  was  the  cousin  of  Milton's  familiar  friend, 
Dr.  Paget,  and  as  such  became  entitled  to  a 
legacy  under  the  learned  Doctor's  will,  and  that 
she  is  expressly  named  by  Richard  Minshull  as 
his  sister  in  the  deed  before  quoted.  T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 


THREE    FLEURS-DE-LYS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  35.  113.) 

DEVONIENSIS  is  informed  that  an  example  of 
this  occurs  in  the  arms  of  King  James's  School, 
Almondbury,  Yorkshire.  The  impression,  as  taken 
from  the  great  seal  of  the  school,  in  which  how- 
ever the  colours  are  not  distinguished,  may  be 
imperfectly  described  as  follows  :  Three  lions  (two 

over  one)  passant  gardant  ,  on  a  chief , 

three  fleurs-de-lys . 

As  it  is  not  unlikely  that  some  other  of  King 
James's  foundations  may  have  the  same  arms,  it 
would  be  considered  a  favour  if  any  reader  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  possessing  the  information  would  com- 
municate the  proper  colours  in  this  case,  or  even 
the  probable  ones.  CAMELODUNENSIS. 

DEVONIENSIS  is  quite  right  in  supposing  that 
the  bearing  of  three  fleurs-de-lys  alone,  horizontal, 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  shield, — in  other  words, 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


in  chief,  fess-ways, — is  a  very  rare  occurrence. 
I  know  of  no  instance  of  it  in  English  blazon. 
Coupled  with  another  and  principal  charge,  as  a 
fess,  a  chevron,  a  lion,  &c. ;  or  in  a  chief,  it  is 
common  enough.  Nor  have  I  ever  met  with  an 
example  of  it  in  French  coat-armour.  An  En- 
glish family,  named  Rothfeld,  but  apparently  of 
German  extraction,  gives  :  Gules,  two  fleurs-de- 
lys,  in  chief,  ermine.  Du  Guesclin  bore  nothing 
like  a  fleur-de-lys  in  any  way.  The  armorial 
bearings  of  the  famous  Constable  were :  Argent, 
a  double-headed  eagle,  displayed,  sable,  crowned, 
or,  debruised  of  a  bend,  gules. 

JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 
Malta. 

P.  S.  —  Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  read 
three  replies  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  84.),  which  do  not  ap- 
pear to  me  to  exactly  meet  the  Query  of  DEVO- 

NIENSIS. 

I  understand  the  question  to  be,  does  any 
English  family  bear  simply  three  fleurs-de-lys,  in 
chief,  fess-ways — without  any  additional  charge? 
And  in  that  sense  my  reply  above  is  framed. 

The  first  example  given  by  ME.  MACKENZIE  WAL- 
COTT  would  be  most  satisfactory  and  conclusive 
of  the  existence  of  such  a  bearing,  .could  it  be 
verified  ;  but,  unfortunately,  in  the  Heraldic  Dic- 
tionaries of  Berry  and  Burke,  the  name  even  of 
Trilleck  or  Trelleck  does  not  occur.  And  in 
Malta,  I  have  no  opportunity  of  consulting  Ed- 
mondson  or  Robson. 

Your  correspondent  A.  B.  (p.  113.)  has  "mis- 
taken the  three  white  lilies  for  fleurs-de-lys  in 
the  arms  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  Waynflete, 
the  founder,  was  also  Provost  of  Eton,  and  adopted 
the  device  from  the  bearings  of  that  illustrious 
school ;  by  which  they  were  borne  in  allusion  to 
St.  Mary,  to  whom  that  College  is  dedicated. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 


BOOKS    BURNED   BY    THE    COMMON    HANGMAN. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  272.  346.  625. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  78.) 

The  well-known  law  dictionary,  entitled  The 
Interpreter,  by  John  Cowel,  LL.D.,  was  burned 
(1610)  under  a  proclamation  of  James  I.  (D'ls- 
raeli's  Calamities  of  Authors,  ed.  1840,  p.  133.) 

In  June,  1622,  the  Com«aentary  of  David  Pare, 
or  Parseus  On  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  was  burned 
at  London,  Oxford,  and  Cambridge,  by  order  of 
the  Privy  Council.  (Wood's  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Univ.  of  Oxford,  ed.  Gutch,  vol.  ii.  pp.  341 — 345. ; 
Cooper's  Annals  of  Cambridge,  vol.iii.  pp.  143, 144.) 

On  the  12th  of  February,  1634,  Elenchus  Re- 
ligionis  Papisticce,  by  John  Bastwicke,  M.D.,  was 
ordered  to  be  burned  by  the  High  Commission 
Court.  (Prynne's  New  Discovery  of  the  Prelates' 
Tyranny,  p.  132.) 


On  the  10th  of  February,  1640-1,  the  House  of 
Lords  ordered  that  two  books  published  by  John 
Pocklington,  D.D.,  entitled  Altare  Christianum, 
and  Sunday  no  Sabbath,  should  be  publicly  burned 
in  the  city  of  London  and  the  two  Universities, 
by  the  hands  of  the  common  executioner ;  and  on 
the  10th  of  March  the  House  ordered  the  Sheriffs 
of  London  and  the  Vice-Chancellors  of  both  the 
Universities,  forthwith  to  take  care  and  see  the 
order  of  the  House  carried  into  execution.  (Lords1 
Journals,  vol.  iv.  pp.  161.  180.) 

On  the  13th  of  August,  1660,  Charles  II.  issued 
a  proclamation  against  Milton's  Defensio  pro  Po- 
pulo  Anglicano,  his  Answer  to  the  Portraiture  of 
his  Sacred  Majesty  in  his  Solitude  and  Sufferings, 
and  a  book  by  John  Goodwin,  late  of  Coleman 
Street,  London,  Clerk,  entitled  The  Obstructors 
of  Justice.  All  copies  of  these  books  were  to  be 
brought  to  the  sheriffs  of  counties,  who  were  to 
cause  the  same  to  be  publicly  burned  by  the  hands 
of  the  common  hangman  at  the  next  assizes. 
(Kennett's  Register  and  Chronicle,  p.  207.)  This 
proclamation  is  also  printed  in  Collet's  Relics  of 
Literature,  with  the  inaccurate  date  1672,  and  the 
absurd  statement  that  no  copy  of  the  proclamation 
was  discovered  till  1797. 

In  January4  1692-3,  a  pamphlet  by  Charles 
Blount,  Esq.,  entitled  King  William  and  Queen 
Mary,  Conquerors,  frc.,  was  burned  by  the  common 
hangman  in  Palace  Yard,  Westminster.  (Bohun's 
Autobiography,  ed.  S.  W.  Rix,  vol.  xxiv.  pp.  108, 
109.  113.  ;  Wilson's  Life  of  De  Foe,  vol.  i. 
p.  179  w.) 

The  same  parliament  consigned  to  the  flames 
Bishop  Burnet's  Pastoral  Letter,  which  had  been 
published  1689.  (Wilson's  Life  of  De  Foe,  vol.  i. 
p.  179.) 

On  the  31st  of  July,  1693,  the  second  volume  of 
Anthony  a  Wood's  Athence  Oxonienses  was  burned 
in  the  Theatre  Yard  at  Oxford  by  the  Apparitor 
of  the  University,  in  pursuance  of  the  sentence  of 
the  University  Court  in  a  prosecution  for  a  libel 
on  the  memory  of  Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of  Cla- 
rendon. (Life  of  Mr.  Anthony  a  Wood,  ed.  1772, 
p.  377.) 

On  the  25th  of  February,  1702-3,  the  House  of 
Commons  ordered  De  Foe's  Shortest  Way  with  the 
Dissenters  to  be  burned  by  the  hands  of  the  com- 
mon hangman  on  the  morrow  in  New  Palace  Yard. 
(Wilson's  Life  of  De  Foe,  vol.  ii.  p.  62.) 

In  or  about  1709,  John  Humphrey,  an  aged 
non- conformist  minister,  having  published  a 
pamphlet  against  the  Test,  and  circulated  it 
amongst  the  members  of  parliament,  was  cited 
before  a  committee,  and  his  work  was  ordered  to 
be  burned  by  the  common  hangman.  (Wilson's 
Life  of  De  Foe,  vol.  iii.  p.  52.) 

The  North  Briton,  No.  45.,  was  on  the  3rd  of 
December,  1763,  burned  by  the  common  hangman 
at  the  Royal  Exchange,  by  order  of  the  House  of 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


227 


Commons.     The  following  account  is  from  Mal- 
colm's Anecdotes  of  London,  4to.,  1808,  p.  282. : 

"  The  3rd  of  December  was  appointed  for  this  silly 
ceremony,  which  took  place  before  the  Royal  Ex- 
change, amidst  the  hisses  and  execrations  of  the  mob, 
not  directed  at  the  obnoxious  paper,  but  at  Alderman 
Harley,  the  sheriffs,  and  constables,  the  latter  of  whom 
were  compelled  to  fight  furiously  through  the  whole 
business.  The  instant  the  hangman  held  the  work  to 
a  lighted  link  it  was  beat  to  the  ground,  and  the  po- 
pulace, seizing  the  faggots  prepared  to  complete  its 
destruction,  fell  upon  the  peace-officers  and  fairly 
threshed  them  from  the  field ;  nor  did  the  alderman 
escape  without  a  contusion  on  the  head,  inflicted  by  a 
bullet  thrown  through  the  glass  of  his  coach  ;  and  se- 
veral other  persons  had  reason  to  repent  the  attempt 
to  burn  that  publicly  which  the  sovereign  people  deter- 
mined to  approve,  who  afterwards  exhibited  a  large 
jack-loot  at  Temple  Bar,  and  burnt  it  in  triumph,  un- 
molested, as  a  species  of  retaliation." 

I  am  not  aware  that  what  Mr.  Malcolm  terms  a 
"silly  ceremony  "  has  been  repeated  since  1763. 

C.  H.  COOPER. 
Cambridge. 

I  know  not  whether  you  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  Droit  le  Roy ;  or,  A  Digest  of  the  Rights  and 
Prerogatives  of  the  Imperial  Crown  of  Great  Britain. 
By  a  Member  of  the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  *  Dieu 
et  Mon  Droit.'  [Royal  Arms,  with  G.  R.]  London: 
printed  and  sold  by  W.  Griffin,  in  Fetter  Lane, 
MDCCLXIV." 

Lord  Mahon  (History  of  England,  vol.  v. 
p.  175.)  says: 

"  It  was  also  observed,  and  condemned  as  a  shallow 
artifice,  that  the  House  of  Lords,  to  counterbalance 
their  condemnation  of  Wilkes's  violent  democracy,  took 
similar  measures  against  a  book  of  exactly  opposite 
principles.  This  was  a  treatise  or  collection  of  pre- 
cedents lately  published  under  the  title  of  Droit  le  Roy, 
to  uphold  the  prerogative  of  the  crown  against  the 
rights  of  the  people.  The  Peers,  on  the  motion  of 
Lord  Lyttleton,  seconded  by  the  Duke  of  Grafton, 
voted  this  book  «  a  false,  malicious,  and  traitorous  libel, 
inconsistent  with  the  principles  of  the  Revolution  to 
which  we  owe  the  present  happy  establishment;'  they 
ordered  that  it  should  be  burned  by  the  hands  of  the 
common  hangman,  and  that  the  author  should  be  taken 
into  custody.  The  latter  part  of  the  sentence,  however, 
no  one  took  any  pains  to  execute.  The  author  was 
one  Timothy  Brecknock,  a  hack  scribbler,  who,  twenty 
years  afterwards,  was  hanged  for  being  accessary  to  an 
atrocious  murder  in  Ireland." 

A  copy  of  the  book  (an  octavo  of  xii.  and  95 
pages)  is  in  my  possession.  It  was  apparently  a 
presentation  copy,  and  formerly  belonged  to  Dr. 
Disney  ;  at  whose  sale  it  was  purchased  by  the 
late  Kich ard  Heber,  as  his  MS.  note  testifies. 
Against  the  political  views  which  this  book  advo- 


cates, I  say  not  one  word  ;  as  a  legal  treatise  it  is 
simply  despicable.  H.  GOUGH. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

The  following  extract  is  at  the  service  of  BAL- 
IIOLENSIS  : 

"  In  the  seventh  year  of  King  James  I.,  Dr.  Cowel's 
Interpreter  was  censured  by  the  two  Houses,  as  asserting 
several  points  to  the  overthrow  and  destruction  of 
Parliaments,  and  of  the  fundamental  laws  and  govern- 
ment of  the  kingdom.  And  one  of  the  articles  charged 
upon  him  to  this  purpose  by  the  Commons,  in  their 
complaint  to  the  Lords,  was,  as  Mr.  Petyt  says,  out  of 
the  Journal,  this  that  follows : 

" '  4thly.  The  Doctor  draws  his  arguments  from 
the  imperial  laws  of  the  Roman  Emperors,  an  argu- 
ment which  may  be  urged  with  as  great  reason,  and 
with  as  great  authority,  for  the  reduction  of  the  state 
and  the  clergy  of  England  to  the  polity  and  laws  in 
the  time  of  those  Emperors ;  as  also  to  make  the  laws 
and  customs  of  Rome  and  Constantinople  to  be  binding 
and  obligatory  in  the  cities  of  London  and  York.' 

"  The  issue  of  which  complaint  was,  that  the  author, 
for  these  his  outlandish  politics,  was  taken  into  custody, 
and  his  book  condemned  to  the  flames  :  nor  could  the 
dedication  of  it  to  his  then  grace  of  Canterbury  save 
it." —  Atterbury's  Rights,  Powers,  and  Privileges  of 
Convocation,  p.  7.  of  Preface. 

WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Tor-Mohun. 

I  possess  a  copy  of  The  Case  of  Ireland  being 
bound  by  Acts  of  Parliament  in  England  stated,  by 
William  Molyneux  of  Dublin,  Esq.,  which  appears 
to  have  been  literally  "  plucked  as  brand  from  the 
burning,"  as  a  considerable  portion  of  it  is  con- 
sumed by  fire.  I  have  cut  the  following  from  a 
sale  catalogue  just  sent  to  me  from  Dublin  : 

"  Smith's  (Matthew)  Memoirs  of  Secret  Service, 
Lond.  1696.  Written  by  Charles,  Earl  of  Peterbo- 
rough, and  is  very  scarce,  being  burnt  by  the  hangman. 
MS.  note." 

JAMES  GBAVES. 

Kilkenny. 

A  decree  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  made 
July  21,  1683,  condemning  George  Buchanan's 
treatise  De  jure  regni  apud  Scotos,  and  certain 
other  books,  the  names  of  which  I  do  not  know, 
was  on  March  25,  1710,  ordered  by  the  House  of 
Lords  to  be  burned  by  the  hangman.  This  was 
shortly  after  the  trial  of  Dr.  Sacheverel. 

W.  P.  STORER. 

Olney,  Bucks. 


DIFFERENT  PRODUCTIONS  OF  DIFFERENT  CARCASES. 

(Vol.  vi.,  p.  263.) 

Up  to  a  very  recent  period,  it  was  held,  even 
by  philosophers,  that  each  of  the  four  elements, 
as  well  as  every  living  plant  and  animal,  both 


228 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


brute  and  human,  generated  insects ;  but  of  all 
sources  of  this  equivocal  generation,  none  was 
considered  more  potent  than  the  putrefaction  or 
corruption  of  animal  matter  :  as  Du  Bartas  says  : 

"  God,  not  contented  to  each  kind  to  give, 
And  to  infuse  the  virtue  generative, 
;By  His  wise  power,  made  many  creatures  breed, 
Of  lifeless  bodies  without  Venus'  deed." 

Sixth  Day. 

Pliny,  after  giving  Virgil's  receipt  for  making 
bees,  gives  similar  instances  : 

"  Like  as  dead  horses  will  breed  waspes  and  hornets  ; 
and  asses  carrion,  turne  to  be  beetle-flies  by  a  certaine 
metamorphosis  which  Nature  maketh  from  one  creature 
to  another." —  Lib.  xi.  c.  xx. 

And  soon  after  he  says  of  wasps  : 

"  All  the  sorte  of  these  live  upon  flesh,  contrarie  to 
the  manner  of  bees,  which  will  not  touch  a  dead  carcasse." 

This  brings  Shakspeare's  lines  to  mind  : 

"  'Tis  seldom  when  the  bee  doth  leave  her  comb 
Jn  the  dead  carrion." 

Henry  IV.,  Part  II.  Act  IV.  Sc.  4. 

The  Belfast  News  Letter  of  Friday,  Aug.  10, 
1832,  gives  one  of  these  rare  occurrences  : 

"  A  few  days  ago,  when  the  sexton  was  digging  a 
grave  in  Temple  Cranney  (a  burying-place  in  Porta- 
ferry,  co.  Down),  he  came  to  a  coffin  which  had  been 
there  two  or  three  years :  this  he  thought  necessary  to 
remove.  In  this  operation,  he  was  startled  by  a  great 
quantity  of  wild  bees  issuing  forth  from  the  coffin  ; 
and  upon  lifting  the  lid,  it  was  found  that  they  had 
formed  their  combs  in  the  dead  man's  skull  and  mouth, 
which  were  full.  The  nest  was  made  of  the  hair  of 
the  head,  together  with  shavings  that  had  been  put  in 
the  coffin  with  the  corpse." 

This  quotation  is  given  in  an  interesting  work  of 
Mr.  Patterson's,  Letters  on  the  Natural  History 
of  the  Insects  mentioned  in  Shakspeare's  Plays  : 
London,  1838. 

Your  correspondent  R.  T.  shows  that  serpents 
were  supposed  to  be  generated  by  human  car- 
cases. Pliny  says  : 

"  I  have  heard  many  a  man  say  that  the  marrow  of  a 
man's  backebone  will  breed  to  a  snake." — Hist.  Nat., 
x.  66. 

The  story  of  the  "fair  young  German  gentleman" 
reminds  me  of  one  of  a  gentle  shepherd  and  his 
beloved  Amarante,  told  in  De  Britaine's  Human 
Prudence,  12th  edit.,  Dublin,  1726,  Part  I.  p.  171. 
The  corpse  of  the  "  Caesar,"  seen  by  St.  Augustine 
and  Monica,  was  most  probably  that  of  Maximus, 
Emperor  of  the  West,  slain  by  the  soldiers  of 
Theodosius,  A.D.  388. 

Sir  Thos.  Browne — treating  of  the  conceit  that 
the  mandrake  grows  under  gallowses,  and  arises 


from  the  fat,  or  o<5/>oj/,  of  the  dead  malefactor,  and 
hence  has  the  form  of  a  man  —  says  : 

"  This  is  so  far  from  being  verified  of  animals  in 
their  corruptive  mutations  into  plants,  that  they  main- 
tain not  this  similitude  in  their  nearer  translation  into 
animals.  So  when  the  ox  corrupteth  into  bees,  or  the 
horse  into  hornets,  they  come  not  forth  in  the  image  of 
their  originals.  So  the  corrupt  and  excrementitious 
humours  in  man  are  animated  into  lice :  and  we  may 
observe  that  hogs,  sheep,  goats,  hawks,  hens,  and  others, 
have  one  peculiar  and  proper  kind  of  vermin."  — 
Works,  Bonn's  edit.,  vol.  i.  p.  197. 

The  editor  furnishes  the  following  note : 

"  The  immortal  Harvey,  in  his  De  Generatione, 
struck  the  first  blow  at  the  root  of  the  irrational  system 
called  equivocal  generation,  when  he  laid  down  his  brief 
but  most  pungent  law,  Omnia  ex  ovo.  But  the  belief 
transmitted  from  antiquity,  that  living  beings  generated 
spontaneously  from  putrescent  matter,  long  maintained 
its  ground,  and  a  certain  modification  of  it  is  even  still 
advocated  by  some  naturalists  of  the  greatest  acuteness. 
The  first  few  pages  of  the  volume  entitled  Insect 
Transformations  (in  The  Library  of  Entertaining  Know- 
ledge) are  occupied  by  a  very  interesting  investigation 
of  this  subject."  —  See  also  Sir  T.  Browne's  Works, 
vol.  i.  p.  378.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  523, 524.  ;  and  Izaak  Walton's 
Complete  Angler,  passim. 

The  equivocal  generation  of  bees  is  copiously 
dwelt  on  in  Bochart's  Hierozoicon,  London,  1663, 
fol.,  Part  II.  p.  502.  Instances  of  their  attaching 
themselves  to  dead  bodies,  in  spite  of  their  ordi- 
nary antipathy,  are  given  at  p.  506.  EIRIONNACH. 


VANDYKE    IN   AMERICA. 

(Vol.viii.,  pp.  182.  228.) 

To  your  correspondent  C.  I  would  say,  that  his 
observation  —  that  the  Query  was  as  to  an  en- 
graving, whilst  my  answer  was  as  to  a  picture  — 
is  not  true  ;  as  I  am  sure,  from  memory,  that  MK. 
WESTMACOTT  used  the  word  "  portraits."  But  I 
plead  in  extenuation  of  my  pretended  grave 
offence,  1.  That  the  Query  was  not  propounded 
by  C.,  but  by  a  gentleman  to  whom  the  informa- 
tion given  might  be,  as  I  supposed,  of  some  in- 
terest ;  more  particularly  as  I  referred  to  the 
Travels  of  an  Englishman,  both  of  which,  author 
and  work,  were  accessible.  2.  That,  in  common 
with  the  American  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  re- 
garded it  as  "  a  journal  of  inter-communication," 
through  whose  columns  information  might  be 
asked  for,  the  request  to  be  treated  with  the  same 
consideration  and  courtesy  as  though  addressed  to 
each  individual  subscriber.  I  may  add  that  LORD 
BRAYBROOKE  and  MR.  WODDERSPOON  (Vol.  iv., 
p.  17.)  have  urged  "the  necessity  for  recording 
the  existence  of  painted  historical  portraits,  scat- 
tered, as  we  know  they  are,"  &c. 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


229 


Now,  as  to  the  expression  "  worthies,  famous  in 
English  history."  I  presume  I  need  do  no  more 
concerning  its  application  to  Lord  Orrery,  Sh 
Robert  Walpole,  &c.,  than  say,  it  was  used  as  sig- 
nifying "  men  of  mark,"  without  intending  to  en- 
dorse their  "  worth  "  either  morally,  mentally,  or 
politically ;  its  application  to  Colonel  Hill  anc 
Colonel  Byrd,  as  meaning  "  men  of  worth,"  might 
did  your  limits  permit,  be  defended  on  high 
grounds. 

Then  as  to  the  possibility  of  Vandyke's  having 
painted  the  portraits.  If  C.  will  have  the  kind- 
ness to  look  at  C.  Campbell's  History  of  Virginia 
he  will  find,  — 

"1654.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Assembly,  William 
Hatchin,  having  been  convicted  of  having  called 
Colonel  Edward  Hill  '  an  atheist  and  blasphemer, 
was  compelled  to  make  acknowledgment  of  his  offence 
upon  his  knees  before  Colonel  Hill  and  the  Assembly." 

This  Colonel  Hill,  generally  known  as  Colonel 
Edward  Hill  the  Elder,  a  gentleman  of  great 
wealth,  built  the  mansion  at  Shirley,  where  his 
portrait,  brought  from  England,  hangs  in  the 
same  place,  in  the  same  hall  in  which  he  had  it 
put  up.  It  represents  a  youth  in  pastoral  costume, 
crook  in  hand,  flocks  in  the  background.  By  a 
comparison  of  dates,  C.  will  find  it  possible  for 
Vandyke  to  have  painted  it.  (See  Bryan's  En- 
gravers and  Painters.}  It  has  descended,  along  with 
the  estate,  to  his  lineal  representative,  the  present 
owner.  Its  authenticity  rests  upon  tradition 
coupled  with  the  foregoing  facts,  as  far  as  I  know 
(though  the  family  may  have  abundant  docu- 
mentary proof),  and  I  doubt  very  much  whether 
many  "  Vandykes  in  England  "  are  better  ascer- 
tained. I  would  add  that  several  English  gen- 
tlemen, among  them,  as  I  have  heard,  a  distin- 
guished ambassador  recently  in  this  country,  re- 
cognised it  as  a  Vandyke.  This  picture,  amongst 
others,  was  injured  by  the  balls  fired  from  the 
vessels  which  ascended  the  James  river,  under 
command  of  General  Arnold,  then  a  British 
officer.  On  the  younger  Mr.  Hill's  tomb  at 
Shirley  is  a  coat  of  arms,  a  copy  of  which,  had  I 
one  to  send,  would  probably  point  out  his  family 
in  England.* 

As  to  Colonel  Byrd's  portrait.     There  were,  I 
believe,  three  gentlemen  of  this  name  and  title, 

*  It  is  curious  to  observe  how  matters  of  history 
appear  and  disappear  as  it  were.  "  The  migbty  Totti- 
pottimoy,"  says  Hudibras  (part  ii.  cant.  ii.  1. 421.), — on 
which  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nash  has  this  note :  "  I  don't 
know  whether  this  is  a  real  name  or  only  an  imitation 
of  North- American  phraseology  ;  the  appellation  of  an 
individual,  or  a  title  of  office  :  "  —  Tottipottimoy  was 
king  of  the  warlike  and  powerful  Parnunkies,  and  was 
efeated  and  slain  by  the  Virginians,  commanded  by 
Colonel  Hill,  in  the  action  from  which  Bloody  Run 
takes  its  name. 


more  or  less  confounded  in  reputation,  the  second 
of  whom,  generally  known  as  "  Colonel  Byrd  the 
Elder,"  by  reason  of  his  son's  history,  was  born 
in  1674.     The  picture  is  of  his  father,  that  is,  of 
"  old,"  or  "  the  first  Colonel  Byrd,"  and  is  in  the 
same  style  as  that  of  Colonel  Hill's,  representing 
a  shepherd  lad.     He  was  an  English  gentleman  of 
great  wealth,  and  certainly  of  some  benevolence. 
In  Campbell's    Virginia,  p.  104.    (see  also  Old- 
mixon,  vol.  i.  p.  427.),  it  is  stated,  1690,  a  large 
body  of  Huguenots  were  sent  to  Virginia.     "  The 
refugees  found  in  Colonel  Byrd,  of  Westover,  a 
generous  benefactor.     Each  settler  was  allowed  a 
strip  of  land  running  back  from  the  river  to  the 
foot  of  the  hill   (Henrico  County).     Here   they 
raised  cattle,"  &c.     He  sent  his  son  to  England  to 
be  educated  under  the  care  of  a  friend,  Sir  Ro- 
bert Southwell.     The  son  became  a  Fellow  of  the 
Eoyal   Society,    "  was   the    intimate   and  bosom 
friend  of  the  learned  and  illustrious  Charles  Boyle, 
Earl  of  Orrery,"  was  the  author  of  the  Westover 
MSS.  (mentioned  in  Oldmixon's  preface,  2nd  ed.), 
portions   of   which,    "Progress    to    the  Mines," 
"  History  of  the  Dividing  Line,"  &c.,  have  been 
printed,  others  are  in  the  library  of  the  American 
Philosophical    Society.*     His    portrait    is    "  by 
Kneller,  a  fine  old  cavalier  face,"  says  Campbell. 
The  letters  received  at  Westover  might  prove  not 
uninteresting  even  to  C.,  seeing  that  there  were 
so  many  titled  people  among  the  writers  ;  and  to 
a  gentleman  of  education  and  intelligence,  the 
Westover  library  would  have  been  a  treasure- 
house.     In  the  Loganian  Library  in  this  city  is  a 
large  MS.  folio,  whose  title-page  declares  it  to  be 
"  a  catalogue  of  books  in  the  library  at  Westover, 
belonging  to  William  Byrd,  Esq.,"  from  which  it 
appears  that  in  Law  there  were  the  English  re- 
porters (beginning  with  Y.  B.)  and  text-writers, 
laws  of  France,  Scotland,  Rome  (various  editions 
of  Pandects,  &c.)  ;  Canon  Law,  with  numerous  ap- 
proved commentators  on  each.    In  Physic  a  great 
many  works,  which,  as  I  am  told,  were,  and  some 
still  are,  of  high  repute :  I  note  only  one,  Poor 
Planters  Physician  interleaved.     This,   to   every 
one  who  has  been  upon  a  great  Virginia  plant- 
ation, bespeaks  the  benevolence  characteristic  of 
the  proprietors  of  Westover.     In  Divinity,  besides 
pages  of  orthodox  divines,  Bibles  in  various  lan- 
guages (several  in  Hebrew,  one  in  seven  vols.), 
are  Socinius,  Bellarmine,  &c.     The  works  on  Me- 
tallurgy, Natural  History,  Metaphysics,  Military 
Science,  Heraldry,  Navigation,  Music,  &c.,  are  very 
numerous  ;  and  either  of  the  collections  of  history, 
or  entertainment,  or  classics,  or  political  science, 
would  form  no   inconsiderable   library  of  itself. 


*  There  is  a  curious  passage  in  the  Westover  MSS. 
concerning  William  Penn,  of  which  Mr.  Macaulay 
hould  have  a  copy,  unless  one  has  been  already  sent 
o  him. 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


An  impression  of  Colonel  Byrd's  book-plate,  given 
by  a  friend,  is  enclosed.  I  must  add  that  the 
pictures  at  Brandon  are  at  that  mansion,  through 
the  marriage  of  Mr.  Harrison  (a  signer  of  the  De- 
claration of  Independence)  with  the  daughter  of 
the  third  Colonel  Byrd. 

I  have  occupied  much  more  space  than  I  in- 
tended, but  I  have  said  enough  I  hope  to  show, 
1.  That  it  is  possible,  from  dates,  from  the  cha- 
racter, wealth,  and  position  of  Mr.  Byrd  and  Mr. 
Hill,  together  with  the  length  of  time  the  pictures 
have  remained  in  the  respective  families,  for  Van- 
dyke to  have;painted  these  portraits.  2.  That  as 
men  who  directed  the  energies,  developed  the  re- 
sources, of  our  infant  settlements,  who  brought 
hither  the  products  of  science,  literature,  and  art, 
who  exhibited  the  refinements  of  birth,  the  graces 
of  good  breeding,  yet  'were  always  ready  to  serve 
their  country  in  thej,  field  or  in  the  council,  Mr. 
Byrd  and  Mr.  Hill  are  vastly  more  worthy  of  com- 
memoration and  reverence  than  all  the  Earls  of 
Dredlington  that  ever  sat  at  his  majesty's  Board 
of  Green  Cloth.  J.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Cyanide  of  Potassium.  —  It  may  be  interesting  to 
your  photographic  friends  to  know  that  cyanide  of 
potassium  is  capable  of  replacing  hyposulphite  of  soda 
in  all  collodion  processes.  If  used  of  the  strength  of 
five  grains  to  one  ounce  of  water,  no  danger  need  be 
apprehended  from  it.  Its  merits  are  cleanliness,  quick- 
ness of  operation,  and  the  minute  quantity  of  water  re- 
quired for  washing  the  picture  fixed  therewith. 

J.  B.  HOCKIN. 

,  Mode  of  exciting  Calotype  Paper.  —  I  forgot  inserting 
this  plan  of  exciting  in  my  paper  :  it  is  very  clean  and 
convenient,  simple  and  sure.  Obtain  a  piece  of  plate 
glass,  two  or  three  inches  larger  than  your  paper,  level 
it  on  a  table  with  a  few  bits  of  wood,  pour  on  it  your 
exciting  mixture  (say  aceto-nitrate  and  gallic  acid, 
solution  of  each  20  minims,  distilled  water  1  ounce), 
and  spread  it  evenly  over  with  a  scrap  of  blotting- 
paper.  Float  your  paper  two  minutes,  remove  and 
blot  off;  this  ensures  perfect  evenness,  especially  if  the 
paper  is  large.  You  may  thus  excite  half  a  dozen  papers 
with  little  more  trouble  than  one. 

THOS.  L.  MANSELL. 

The  Double  Iodide  Solution  —  Purity  of  Photographic 
Chemicals.  —  The  observations  of  Ma.  LEACHMAK  upon 
the  solvent  powers  of  iodide  of  potassium  (Vol.  ix., 
P.  182.)  are  perfectly  correct,  but  I  believe  our  photo- 
graphic chemicals  are  often  much  adulterated.  The 
iodide  of  potassium  is  frequently  mixed  with  the  car- 
bonate. DR.  MANSELL  writes  me  word,  in  a  comment 
upon  your  note  upon  his  communication,  "  What  I 
used  was  very  pure,  having  been  prepared  by  Mr.  Ar- 
nold with  great  care  :  it  was  some  that  had  gone  to  the 
Great  Exhibition  as  a  sample  of  Guernsey  make,  and 


obtained  a  medal."  I  have  this  day  used  exactly  seven 
ounces  avoirdupois  to  make  a  pint  of  the  iodizing 
solution,  which,  within  a  few  grains,  agrees  with  my 
former  results.  Nitrate  of  silver,  I  am  informed  upon 
a  most  respectable  authority,  has  been  adulterated 
thirty  percent.,  and  without  careful  testing  has  eluded 
detection  ;  but  I  am  inclined  to  think  our  cheapest 
article  has  come  in  for  its  largest  share  of  mixture.  I 
have  lately  perfectly  failed  in  the  removal  of  the  iodide 
of  silver  with  a  saturated  solution  of  what  I  purchased 
as  hyposulphite  of  soda,  but  which  could  have  been 
little  else  than  common  Glauber's  salts ;  for  upon  ap- 
plying a  similar  solution  of  some  which  was  made  by 
M.  Butka  of  Prague,  and  supplied  me  by  Messrs. 
Simpson  and  Maule,  the  effect  was  almost  immediate, 
demonstrating  how  much  we  are  misled  in  our  con- 
clusions, from  believing  we  are  manipulating  with  the 
same  substances,  when  in  fact  they  are  quite  different. 

HUGH  W.  DIAMOND. 

Hyposulphite  of  Soda  Baths. —  Is  there  any  objec- 
tion to  using  the  same  bath  (saturated  solution  of 
hyposulphite)  for  fixing  both  paper  calotype  negatives 
and  positives  printed  on  albumenized  paper  from  glass 
collodion  negatives  ?  C.  E.  F. 


to  ^luurr 

Daughters  taking  their  Mothers'  Names  (Vol. 
viii.,  p.  586.).  —  BURIENSIS  asked  for  instances  of 
temp.  Edvv.  L,  II.,  III.,  of  a  daughter  adding  to 
her  own  name  that  of  her  mother :  as  Alice, 
daughter  of  Ada,  &c.  Though  I  am  not  able  to 
furnish  an  instance  of  a  daughter  doing  so,  I  can 
refer  him  to  a  few  of  sons  using  that  form  of  sur- 
name some  years  earlier,  but  the  practice  seems1 
very  limited.  Thus  in  Liber  de  Antiquis  Legibus, 
published  by  the  Camden  Society,  we  have,  among 
the  early  sheriffs  of  London  in  1193,  Willielinus 
films  Ysabelis,  or,  as  in  the  appendix  222,  Ysabel ; 
in  1200,  Willielmus  films  Alicie;  in  1213,  Mar- 
tinus  films  Alicie ;  and  in  1233  and  1246,  Symon 
filius  Marie, — the  same  person  that,  as  Simon 
Fitz-Mary,  is  known  as  the  founder  of  the  Hos- 
pital of  St.  Mary  Bethlehem  Without,  Bishops- 
gate.  W.  S.  VV. 

Middle  Temple. 

The  Young  Pretender  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  177.).— Will 
CEYREP,  or  any  other  correspondent,  furnish  me 
with  particulars  of  the  Young  Pretender's  marriage 
with  a  daughter  of  the  House  of  Stolberg ;  her 
name,  place  of  burial,  £c.  ?  She  was  descended 
maternally  from  the  noble  House  of  Bruce,  through 
the  marriage  of  Thomas,  second  Earl  of  Aylesbury 
and  third  Earl  of  Elgin,  with  Charlotte  (his  second 
wife)  Countess  of  Sannu,  or  Sannau,  of  the  House 
of  Argenteau.  They  had  a  daughter,  Charlotte 
Maria,  I  suppose  an  only  child,  who  was  married 
in  the  year  1722  to  the  Prince  of  Horn.  These 
had  issue  Mary  and  Elizabeth,  whom  also  I  suppose 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


231 


to  have  been  only  children.  One  of  them  married 
the  Prince  of  Stolberg,  and  the  other  the  Prince 
of  Salm.  One  of  the  descendants  of  this  family 
was  an  annuitant  on  the  estate  of  the  Marquis  of 
Aylesbury,  as  recently  as  twelve  or  fourteen  years 
ago.  Information  on  any  part  of  this  descent 
would  confer  an  obligation  on  PA.TONCE. 

A  Legend  of  the  Hive  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  167.).— With 
every  feeling  of  gratitude  to  EIRIONNACH,  I  cannot 
receive  praise  for  false  metre  and  erroneous  gram- 
mar. In  the  fifth  line  of  the  first  stanza  of  the 
quoted  verse,  the  first  of  the  above  legend,  "  are  " 
is  redundant :  and  in  the  first  line  of  the  next 
stanza,  "bore"  should  be  "bare."  I  remember 
that  in  more  cases  than  one  the  printer  of  my 
published  rhymes  has  perpetrated  this  latter  mis- 
take. 

Suffer  me  to  reply  to  a  question  of  the  same 
courteous  critic  EIRIONNACH,  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  162., 
about  a  "  Christ-cross-row."  This  name  for  the 
alphabet  obtained  in  the  good  old  Cornish  dame- 
schools  when  I  was  a  boy.  In  a  book  that  I  have 
seen,  there  is  a  vignette  of  a  monk  teaching  a  little 
boy  to  read,  and  beneath 

UA  Christ- Cross  Rhyme. 


"  Christ  his  cross  shall  be  my  speed  I 
Teach  me,  Father  John,  to  read : 
That  in  church,  on  holy-day, 
I  may  chant  the  psalm  and  pray. 

ii. 

"  Let  me  learn,  that  I  may  know 
What  the  shining  windows  show  ; 
Where  the  lovely  Lady  stands, 
With  that  bright  Child  in  her  hands. 

in. 

"  Teach  me  letters  one,  two,  three, 
Till  that  I  shall  able  be 
Signs  to  know  and  words  to  frame, 
And  to  spell  sweet  Jesu's  name  ! 

IV. 

"  Then,  dear  master,  will  I  look 
Day  and  night  in  that  fair  book, 
Where  the  tales  of  saints  are  told, 
With  their  pictures  all  in  gold. 

v. 

"  Teach  me,  Father  John,  to  say 
Vesper- verse  and  matin-lay; 
So  when  I  to  God  shall  plead, 
Christ  his  cross  will  be  my  speed  !" 

H.  OF  MORWENSTOW. 

Holy  Family  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  244. ;  Vol.ix.,  pp.  19. 
58.). —  Sir  Philip  Hoby,  or  Hobbie,  who  was  born 
in  1505,  and  died  in  1558,  was  not  only  Gentle- 
man of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  Henry  VIII.,  but, 
while  he  held  that  office,  was  attached  to  the 
embassy  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  to  the  Emperor 


Charles  V.  in  .1538.  He  was  himself  ambassador 
to  the  same  Emperor  in  1548,  being  sent  by  the 
Protector  Somerset  to  replace  the  Bishop  of  West- 
minster. It  may  be  interesting  to  state  that  two 
volumes  of  papers  containing  instructions  and  other 
letters  transmitted  to  Sir  Philip  during  these  em- 
bassies, and  copies  of  his  replies,  together  with  his 
correspondence  with  some  eminent  reformers,  were 
in  the  possession  of  Wm.  Hare,  Esq.,  M.  P.  for 
the  city  of  Cork  in  1796.  An  account  of  them, 
drawn  up  by  the  Rev.  T.  D.  Hincks,  was  read 
before  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  on  December  17 
in  that  year,  and  printed  in  the  sixth  volume  of 
its  Transactions.  It  is  probable  that  these  papers 
had  formerly  belonged  to  Rev.  Sir  Philip  Hoby, 
Bart.,  who  was  Dean  of  Ardfert  and  Chancellor  of 
St.  Patrick's ;  and  died  without  an  heir  in  1766. 
He  was  descended  from  Sir  Thomas  Hoby,  younger 
brother  of  Sir  Philip  ;  who  was  born  in  1530,  and 
died  in  1566.  The  father  of  these  two  knights 
was  William  Hobbie  of  Leominster.  I  presume 
the  two  volumes  of  papers  referred  to  are  in  the 
possession  of  the  Earl  of  Listowel,  great-grandson 
of  the  gentleman  who  possessed  them  in  1796. 

E.  H.  D.  D. 

Anticipatory  Use  of  the  Cross  (Vol.  viii.  pas- 
sim).— 

"  It  is  strange,  yet  well  authenticated,  and  has  given 
rise  to  many  theories,  that  the  symbol  of  the  Cross  was 
already  known  to  the  Indians  before  the  arrival  of 
Cortez.  In  the  island  of  Cozumel,  near  Yucatan, 
there  were  several  ;  and  in  Yucatan  itself  there  was  a 
stone  cross.  And  there  an  Indian,  considered  a  pro- 
phet amongst  his  countrymen,  had  declared  that  a 
nation  bearing  the  same  as  a  symbol  should  arrive 
from  a  distant  country  !  More  extraordinary  still  was 
a  temple,  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Cross  by  the  Toltec 
nation  in  the  city  of  Cholula.  Near  Tulansingo  there 
is  also  a  cross  engraved  on  a  rock  with  various  charac- 
ters, which  the  Indians  by  tradition  ascribe  to  the 
Apostle  St.  Thomas.  In  Oajaca,  also,  there  existed  a 
cross,  which  the  Indians  from  time  immemorial  had 
been  accustomed  to  consider  as  a  divine  symbol.  By 
order  of  the  Bishop  Cervantes  it  was  placed  in  a  sump- 
tuous chapel  in  the  cathedral.  Information  concern- 
ing its  discovery,  together  with  a  small  cup,  cut  out  of 
its  wood,  was  sent  to  Rome  to  Paul  V.  ;  who  received 
it  on  his  knees,  singing  the  hymn  '  Vexilla  regis,'  &c." 
—  Life  in  Mexico,  by  Madame  Calderon  de  la  Barca, 
Letter  xxxvii. 

E.  H.  A. 

Longevity  (Vols.  vii.,  viii.,  passim).  — 

"  Amongst  the  fresh  antiquities  of  Cornwall,  let  not 
the  old  woman  be  forgotten  who  died  about  two  years 
since ;  who  was  one  hundred  and  sixty-four  years  old, 
of  good  memory,  and  healthful  at  that  age ;  living  in 
the  parish  of  Gwithian  by  the  charity  of  such  as  came 
purposely  to  see  her,  speaking  to  them  (in  default  of 
English)  by  an  interpreter,  yet  partly  understanding  it. 
She  married  a  second  husband  after  she  was  eighty, 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


and  buried  him  after  he  was  eighty  years  of  age."  — 
Scawens'  Dissertation  on  the  Cornish  Tongue,  written 
temp.  Car.  II. 

ANON. 

As  very  many,  if  not  all,  the  instances  men 
tioned  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of  those  who  have  reached 
a  very  advanced  age,  were  people  of  humble 
origin,  may  we  not  now  refer  to  those  of  noble 
birth  ?  To  commence  the  list,  I  would  name  Sir 
Ralph  de  Vernon,  "  who  is  said  to  have  lived  to 
the  age  of  one  hundred  and  fifty,  and  thence 
generally  was  called  the  Old  Liver."  My  authority 
is,  Burke's  Peerage  and  Baronetage,  edit.  1848, 
p.  1009.  W.  W. 

Malta. 

"Nugget"  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  375.  481.).— A  note 
from  Mundy's  Our  Antipodes : 

"  The  word  nugget,  among  farmers,  signifies  a  small 
compact  beast,  a  runt :  among  gold-miners,  a  lump,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  scale  or  dust-gold." 

CLERIC  us  RUSTICUS. 

^  The  fifth  Lord  Byron  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  18.).— I  be- 
lieve it  to  be  an  acknowledged  fact,  that  an  old 
man's  memory  is  generally  good  of  events  of  years 
past  and  gone  :  and  as  an  octogenarian  I  am  not 
afraid  to  state  that,  from  the  discussions  on  the 
subject,  I  feel  myself  perfectly  correct  as  to  the 
main  point  of  my  observations  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  2.), 
viz.  the  error  committed  in  the  limitation  of  the 
ultimate  reversion  of  the  estate;  but  as  to  the 
secondary  point  to  which  MR.  WARDEN  alludes, 
I  may  perhaps  be  in  error  in  placing  it  on  the 
settlement  of  the  son,  inasmuch  as  the  effect  would 
be  the  same  if  it  occurred  in  the  settlement  of 
the  father  ;  and  MR.  WARDEN'S  observations  leave 
an  inference  that  the  mistake  may  have  there 
occurred ;  as,  in  such  case,  if  the  error  had  been 
discovered, — and  by  any  altercation  the  son  had 
refused  to  correct  the  mistake,  which  he  could 
and  ought  to  have  consented  to,  after  the  failure 
of  his  own  issue, — this  alone,  between  two  hasty 
tempers,  would  have  been  a  sufficient  cause  of 
quarrel,  without  reference  to  the  question  of 
marrying  an  own  cousin,  which  is  often  very  justly 
objectionable.  WM.  S.  HESLEDEN. 

Wapple,  or  Whapple-way  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  125.).  — 
This  name  is  common  in  "the  south,  and  means 
a  bridle-way,  or  road  in  which  carriages  cannot 
pass.  In  Sussex  these  ways  are  usually  short  cuts 
through  fields  and  woods,  from  one  road  or  place 
to  another.  (See  Halliwell's  Dictionary ',  and 
Cooper's  Sussex  Glossary.)  The  derivation  is  not 
given  by  either  writer.  D. 

In  Manning's  Surrey,  I  find  not  any  mention  of 
this  term ;  but  apprehend  it  to  be  a  corruption  of 
the  Norman  -French,  vert  plain,  "a  green  road  or 


alley:"  which,  as  our  Saxon  ancestors  pronounced 
the  v  as  a  wt  easily  slides  into  war  plain  or  warple. 
(See  Du  Cange,  Supp.,  in  voce  "  Plain.")  C.  H. 

The  Ducking-stool  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  315.).  —  As 
late  as  the  year  1824,  a  woman  was  convicted  of 
being  a  common  scold  in  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions  of  Philadelphia  County,  and  sentenced 
"  to  be  placed  in  a  certain  instrument  of  correction 
called  a  cucking  or  ducking-stool,"  and  plunged 
three  times  into  the  water ;  but  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania,  upon  the  removal  of  the 
case  by  writ  of  error,  decided  that  this  punish- 
ment was  obsolete,  and  contrary  to  the  spirit  of 
the  age. 

Our  fathers  held  the  ducking-stool  in  higher 
respect,  as  appears  from  the  following  present- 
ments of  the  grand  juries  of  Philadelphia,  the 
originals  of  which  have  been  lately  discovered. 
In  January,  1717,  they  say  (through  William 
Fishbourne,  their  foreman),  — 

"  Whereas  it  has  been  frequently  and  often  presented 
by  several  former  grand  juries  for  this  city,  the  ne- 
cessity of  a  ducking-stool  and  house  of  correction  for 
the  just  punishment  of  scolding,  drunken  women,  as 
well  as  divers  other  profligate  and  unruly  persons  in 
this  place,  who  a^e  become  a  public  nuisance  and  dis- 
turbance to  this  town  in  general  ;  therefore  we,  the 
present  grand  jury,  do  earnestly  again  present  the  same 
to  this  court  of  quarter  sessions  for  the  city,  desiring 
their  immediate  care,  that  those  publick  conveniences  may 
not  be  any  longer  delayed,  but  with  all  possible  speed 
provided  for  the  detection  and  quieting  such  disorderly 
persons." 

Another,  the  date  of  which  is  not  given,  but 
which  is  signed  by  the  same  foreman,  presents 
"  Alsoe  that  a  ducking-stoole  be  made  for  publick 
use,  being  very  much  wanting  for  scolding  wo- 
men," &c.  And  in  1720,  another  grand  jury,  of 
which  Benjamin  Duffield  was  foreman,  say : 

"  The  Grand  Inquest,  we  taking  in  consideration 
the  great  disorders  of  the  turbulent  and  ill-behaviour 
of  many  people  in  this  city,  we  present  the  great  ne- 
cessity of  a  ducking-stool  for  such  people  according  to 
their  deserts." 

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Double  Christian  Names  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  45.).  —  It 
is  surely  not  correct  to  say  that  the  earliest  in- 
stance of  two  Christian  names  is  in  the  case  of  a 
person  born  in  1635.  Surely  Henry,  Prince  of 
Wales,  the  son  of  James  L,  is  an  earlier  instance. 
Sir  Thomas  Strand  Fairfax  was  certainly  born 
before  that  date.  Sir  Edmund  Berry  Godfrey 
was  probably  an  earlier  instance  ;  and  Sir  Robert 
Bruce  Colton,  the  antiquary,  certainly  so.  Writing 
at  a  distance  from  my  books,  I  can  only  appeal  to 
memory  ;  but  see  Southey's  Common-place  Book, 
vol.  i.  p.  510.  Venables,  in  his  Travels  in  Russia, 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


233 


tells  us  that  "  a  Russian  has  never  more  than  one 
Christian  name,  which  must  be  always  that  of  a 
saint."  To  these  a  patronymic  is  often  added  of 
the  father's  name,  with  the  addition  vich,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  present  Czar,  Nicholas  Paulovich,  the 
son  of  Paul.  W.  DENTON. 

Torquay. 

Pedigree  to  the  Time  of  Alfred  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  586.)- 
—  Some  ten  or  twelve  years  since  I  was  staying 
at  the  King's  Head  Inn,  Egham,  Surrey  (now 
defunct),  when  a  fresh-looking,  respectable  man 
was  pointed  out  to  me  as  Mr.  Wapshot,  who  had 
held  an  estate  in  the  neighbourhood  from  his  an- 
cestors prior  to  the  Conquest.  He  was  not  re- 
presented as  a  blacksmith,  but  as  farming  his  own 
estate.  I  am  not  connected  with  Egham  or  the 
neighbourhood,  or  I  would  make  farther  inquiry. 

S.D. 

Palace  of  Lucifer  (Vol.  v.,  p.  275.).  —  If  R.  T. 
has  not  observed  it,  I  would  refer  him  to  the  note 
in  the  Aldine  edition  of  Milton,  vol.  iii.  p.  263., 
where  I  find  "  Luciferi  domus  "  is  the  palace  of 
the  sun  (see  Prolusiones,  p.  120.)  ;  and  not,  as 
T.  WARTON  conjectured,  the  abode  of  Satan. 

LB.B. 

Monaldesclii  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  34.). — Relation  du 
Meurtre  de  Monaldeschi,  poignarde  par  ordre  de 
Christine,  reine  de  Suede,  by  Father  de  Bel,  is  to 
be  found  in  a  collection  of  curious  papers  printed 
at  Cologne,  1664,  in  12mo.  It  is  given  at  length 
in  Christina's  Revenge,  and  other  Poems,  by  J.  M. 
Moffatt.  London,  printed  for  the  author,  1821. 

E.  D. 

Anna  Lightfoot  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  595.).— T.  H.  H.  is 
referred  to  an  elegantly  printed  pamphlet  called 
An  Historical  Fragment  relative  to  her  late  Ma- 
jesty Queen  Caroline,  printed  for  J.  &  N.  L.  Hunt, 
London,  1824,  which,  from  p.  44.  to  p.  50.,  contains 
a  very  circumstantial  account  of  this  extraordinary 
occurrence.  E.  D. 

Lode  (Vol.  v.,  p.  345.).  — It  would  not  appear 
that  this  word  means  "  an  artificial  watercourse," 
at  least  from  its  use  at  Tewkesbury,  where  there 
is  still  the  Lower  Lode,  at  which  a  ferry  over  the 
Severn  still  exists  ;  and  there  was  also  the  Upper 
Lode,  until  a  bridge  was  erected  over  the  river  at 
that  place.  Will  this  help  to  show  its  proper 
meaning  ?  I.  R.  R. 

"  To  try  and  get"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.).~UNEDA 
inquires  the  origin  of  this  erroneous  mode  of 
expression  ?  Doubtless  euphony,  to  avoid  the 
alliteration  of  so  many  T's  :  "  to  die  theatre  to  try 
and  get,"  &c.  But  evidently  the  word  to  is  under- 
stood, though  not  supplied  after  the  word  and. 
Thus,  "  to  try  and  (to)  get,"  &c.  CELCRENA. 


Abbott  Families  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  105.).  —  In  reply 
to  MR.  ABBOTT'S  Query,  I  have  a  pedigree  of 
Samuel -Abbott,  born  in  1637  or  1638  ;  second  sou 
of  Wm.  Abbott  of  Sudbury,  who  was  born  1603, 
and  who  was  son  to  Charles  Abbott  of  Hawkden 
and  Sudbury,  an  alderman,  which  Charles  was 
son  to  Wm.  Abbott  of  Hawkden.  This  Samuel 
married  Margaret,  daughter  to  Thomas  Spicer. 
Should  MR.  ABBOTT  wish  it,  I  would  forward  him 
a  copy  of  the  pedigree.  I  can  trace  no  connexion 
between  this  family  and  that  of  Archbishop  Ab- 
bott, whose  father,  Maurice  Abbott  of  Guildford, 
was  son  of Abbott  of  Farnham,  co.  Surrey. 

I  wish  especially  to  know  what  became  of 
Thomas  Abbott,  only  son  of  Robert,  Bishop  of 
Sarum ;  which  Thomas  dedicated  his  father's 
treatise  against  Bellarmine  in  1619  to  his  uncle 
the  Archbishop,  calling  himself  in  the  preface, 
"  imbellis  homuncio."  His  sister  was  wife  to  Sir 
Nathaniel  Brent,  whose  younger  son  Nathaniel 
left  all  his  property  to  his  cousin  Maurice  Abbott, 
of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  Gent.,  in  1688  ;  which 
Maurice  was  possibly  son  to  Thomas. 

G.  E.  ADAMS. 

36.   Lincoln's  Inn  Fields. 

"Mairdil"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  411.). — Is  there  any 
affinity  between  the  word  mairdil,  which  is  used 
in  Forfarshire,  to  be  overcome  with  fatigue  by 
any  pppressive  or  intricate  piece  of  work,  and  the 
word  mardel  or  mardle,  which  signifies  to  gossip 
in  Norfolk,  as  stated  by  MR.  J.  L.  SISSON  ?  What 
will  H.  C.  K.  say  to  this  subject  ?  Jamieson  con- 
fines mairdil  to  an  adjective,  signifying  unwieldy ; 
but  I  have  often  heard  work-people  in  Forfarshire 
declare  they  were  "perfectly  mairdiled"  with  a 
piece  of  heavy  work,  using  the  word  as  a  passive 
verb.  Trachled  has  nearly  the  same  meaning,  but 
it  is  chiefly  confined  to  describe  fatigue  arising 
from  walking  a  long  distance.  HEKRY  STEPHENS. 

Bell  at  Rouen  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  448.). — Your  va- 
luable correspondent  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON,  B.A., 
has  probably  taken  his  account  of  the  great  bell 
in  the  cathedral  at  Rouen  from  a  note  made 
before  the  French  Revolution  of  1792-3,  because 
the  George  d'Ambois,  which  was  once  considered 
the  largest  bell  in  Europe  (it  was  thirteen  feet 
high,  and  eleven  feet  in  diameter),  excepting  that 
at  Moscow,  shared  the  destructive  fate  of  many 
others  at  that  eventful  period,  and  was  melted 
down  for  cannon.  In  1814  the  bulb  of  its  clapper 
was  outside  the  door  of  a  blacksmith's  shop,  as 
you  go  out  of  the  city  towards  Dieppe.  It  was 
pointed  out  to  me  by  a  friend  with  whom  I  was 
then  travelling  —  a  gentleman  of  the  neighbour- 
bood,  who  was  at  Rouen  at  the  time  it  was  brought 
there  —  and  there,  if  I  mistake  not,  but  I  cannot 
find  my  note,  I  saw  it  again  within  the  last  ten 
years.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George. 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  228. 


Smiths  and  Robinsons  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.).  — 
Arms  of  Smith  of  Curdley,  co.  Lancaster :  Argent, 
a  cheveron  sable  between  three  roses  gules, 
barbed,  vert  seeded,  or. 

Robinson  (of  Yorkshire)  :  Vert,  a  cheveron  be- 
tween three  roebucks  trippant  or.  Crest,  a  roe- 
buck as  in  the  arms.  Motto,  "Virtute  non 
verbis." 

Robinson  of  Yorkshire,  as  borne  by  Lord 
Rokeby :  Vert,  on  a  cheveron  or,  between  three 
bucks  trippant  of  the  last,  as  many  quatrefoils 
gules.  Crest,  a  roebuck  trippant  or.  CID. 

Churchill's  Grave  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  123.).  —  If  I  am 
not  mistaken,  there  is  a  tablet  to  the  memory  of 
Churchill,  with  a  more  lengthy  inscription,  within 
the  church  of  St.  Mary,  Dover,  towards  the 
western  end  of  the  south  aisle. 

W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

Before  proceeding  to  notice  any  of  the  books  which 
we  have  received  this  week,  we  will  call  the  attention 
of  the  publishing  world  to  two  important  works  which 
we  know  to  be  now  wanting  a  publisher,  namely, 
I.  A  Syriac- English  Lexicon  to  the  New  Testament  and 
Book  of  Psalms,  arranged  alphabetically,  with  the  de- 
rivatives referred  to  their  proper  roots,  and  a  com- 
panion of  the  principal  words  in  the  cognate  lan- 
guages ;  and  II.  A  Syriac- English  Grammar,  translated 
and  abridged  from  Hoffman's  larger  work. 

Samuel  Pepys  is  the  dearest  old  gossip  that  ever 
lived ;  and  every  new  edition  of  his  incomparable 
Diary  will  serve  but  to  increase  his  reputation  as  the 
especial  chronicler  of  his  age.  Every  page  of  it 
abounds  not  only  in  curious  indications  of  the  tone 
and  feelings  of  the  times,  and  the  character  of  the 
writer,  but  also  in  most  graphic  illustrations  of  the 
social  condition  of  the  country.  It  is  this  that  renders 
it  a  work  which  calls  for  much  careful  editing  and  il- 
lustrative annotation,  and  consequently  gives  to  every 
succeeding  edition  new  value.  Well  pleased  are  we, 
therefore,  to  receive  from  Lord  Braybrooke  a  fourth 
edition,  revised  and  corrected,  of  the  Diary  and  Cor- 
respondence of  Samuel  Pepys,  and  well  pleased  to  offer 
our  testimony  to  the  great  care  with  which  its  noble 
editor  has  executed  his  duties.  Thanks  to  his  good 
judgment,  and  to  the  greafe  assistance  which  he  ac- 
knowledges to  have  received  from  Messrs.  Holmes, 
Peter  Cunningham,  Yeowell,  &c.,  his  fourth  edition  is 
by  far  the  best  which  has  yet  appeared,  and  is  the  one 
which  must  hereafter  be  referred  to  as  the  standard  one. 
The  Index,  too,  has  been  revised  and  enlarged,  which 
adds  no  little  to  the  value  of  the  book. 

Mr.  Murray  has  broken  fresh  ground  in  his  British 
Classics  by  the  publication  of  the  first  volume  of 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  with 
Notes  and  Preface  by  Dean  Milman  and  M.  Guizot, 


and  edited,  with  Notes,  by  Dr.  Smith.  If  the  pub- 
lisher showed  good  tact  in  selecting  Mr.  P.  Cunning- 
ham for  editor  of  Goldsmith,  he  has  shown  no  less  in 
entrusting  the  editing  of  his  new  Gibbon  to  Dr.  Smith, 
whose  various  Dictionaries  point  him  out  as  peculiarly 
fitted  for  such  a  task.  In  such  well  practised  hands, 
therefore,  there  can  be  little  doubt  as  to  the  mode  in 
which  the  labour  of  editing  will  be  conducted  ;  and  a 
very  slight  glance  at  the  getting  up  of  this  first  volume 
will  serve  to  prove  that,  for  a  library  edition  of  Gibbon, 
while  this  is  the  cheapest  it  will  be  also  the  hand- 
somest ever  offered  to  the  public. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED. — Macaulay's  Critical  and  His- 
torical Essays,  People's  Edition,  Part  I.  The  first  issue 
of  an  edition  of  these  admirable  Essays,  which  will, 
when  completed,  cost  only  Seven  Shillings  !  Can  cheap- 
ness go  much  lower?  —  Adventures  in  the  Wilds  of 
North  America,  by  Charles  Lanman,  edited  by  C.  R. 
Wild,  forming  Parts  LV.  and  LVI.  of  Longman's 
Traveller's  Library.  These  adventures,  partly  pisca- 
torial, are  of  sufficient  interest  to  justify  their  publica- 
tion even  without  the  imprimatur,  which  they  have 
received,  of  so  good  a  critic  as  Washington  Irving. — 
Darling's  Cyclopaedia  Biblinyraphica,  Part  XVII.,  ex- 
tends from  Andrew  Rivet  to  William  Shepheard. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

'•WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

LONDON  LABOUR  AND  LONDON  POOR.    Nos.  XLIV.  and  LXIV. 

to  End  of  Work. 
MRS.  GORE'S  BANKER'S  WIFE. 
TALES  BY  A  BARRISTER. 
SCHILLER'S    WALLENSTEIN,  translated  by  Coleridge.      Smith's 

Classical  Library. 

GOETHE'S  FAUST  (English).    Smith's  Classical  Library. 
THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.    London,  1828.    12mo. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent,  to  MB.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "NOTES  AND 
QUERIES,"  186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

A  MEMOIR  OF  THE  LIFE  OF  JAMES  STANLEY,  Seventh  Earl  of 
Derby,  by  W.  H.  Whatton,  Esq.  Published  by  Fisher, 
Newgate  Street. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  WESTMINSTER  ELECTION.  London,  1784. 
1  Vol.  4to. 

Wanted  by  G.  Cornewall  Lewis,  Kent  House,  Knightsbridge. 

A  MAP,  PLAN,  and  REPRESENTATIONS  of  Interesting  and  Remark- 
able Places  connected  with  ANCIENT  LONDON  (large  size). 

A  Copy  of  an  early  number  of  "  The  Times  "  Newspaper,  or  of 
the  "  Morning  Chronicle,"  "  Morning  Post,"  or  "  Morning 
Herald."  The  nearer  the  commencement  preferred. 

Copies  or  Fac-simi!es  of  other  Old  Newspapers. 

A  Copy  of  THE  BREECHES  or  other  Old  Bible. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Joseph  Simpson,  Librarian,  Literary  and 
Scientific  Institution,  Islington,  London. 


PERCY  SOCIETY'S  PUBLICATIONS.    Nos.  XCIII.  and  XCIV. 
Wanted  by  G.  J.  Hargreaves,  Stretford,  near  Manchester. 

CAMBRIDGE   INSTALLATION    ODE,   1835,    by    Chr.   Words\vorth. 

4to.  Edition. 

KITCHENER'S  ECONOMY  OF  THE  EYES.     Part  II. 
BROWN'S  ANECDOTES  OF  DOGS. 
. OF  ANIMALS. 

Wanted  by  Fred.  Dinsdale,  Esq.,  Leamjngton. 


MAR.  11.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


235 


•ENQUIRY  AFTER  HAPPINESS.     The   Third   Part. 
Lucas,  D.D.     Sixth  Edition.     1734. 


By    Richard 
Wanted  by  Rev.  John  James,  Avington  Rectory,  Hungerford. 


to 


.   M.    "Scarborough    Warning."  —  This    expression    has    been 
fully  explained  in  our  First  Volume,  p.  138. 

•J.  C.  B.,  who  writes  respecting  The  Gregorian  Tones,  is  re- 
ferred to  our  Sixth  Volume,  pp.  99.  178.,  and  our  Seventh  Volume, 
p.  136. 

R.  N.  (  Liverpool).  There  are  many  letters  of  Charles  I.  among 
the  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum.  We  do  not  know  where  the 
Cabinet  taken  at  Naseby  is  preserved. 

OXON.  Entire,  as  applied  to  beer,  signifies  that  it  is  drawn 
entirely/roTM  one  butt.  Formerly  the  favourite  beer  was  a  mix- 
ture of  ale  or  beer  and  twopenny,  until  a  brewer  named 
Harwood  produced  a  beer  with  the  same  flavour,  which  he  called 
entire  or  entire  butt. 

G.  W.  T.  Old  Rowley  was  the  name  of  a  celebrated  stallion 
belonging  to  Charles  II. 

C.  H.  N.,  who  writes  respecting  Royal  Arms  in  Churches,  is 
referred  to  our  Sixth  Volume  passim. 

TOM  TELL-TALE  is  thanked.  We  are  in  possession  of  inform- 
ation respecting  the  drawings  in  question  ,•  but  shall  be  glad  to 
know  of  any  other  purchasers. 


CAVEAT  EMPTOR.  We  have  lately  seen  a  curious  pseudo-letter 
of  Cromwell,  the  history  of  which  we  may  perhaps  lay  before  our 
readers. 

FRANCIS  BEAUFORT.  The  copy  of  the  Biblia  Sacra  Latina  to 
which  our  Correspondent  refers,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
Brown,  bookseller,  130.  Old  Street. 

J.  O.  We  have  forwarded  the  book  you  so  kindly  sent  to  the 
gentleman  for  whom  you  intended  it. 

COMUS  may  have  a  copy  of  the  Epitome  of  Locke  on  applying 
to  Mr.  Olive  Lasbury,  bookseller,  Bristol. 

HUGH  HENDERSON  (Glasgow).  The  fault  must  be  in  the 
quality  of  your  pyrogallic.  You  need  have  no  difficulty  in 
obtaining  it  pure  of  some  of  the  photographic  chemists,  and  whose 
advertisements  appear  in  our  columns. 

A.  F.  G.  (March  1st).  All  papers  for  photographic  purposes 
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market,  which  we  prefer  not  to  indicate. 

Errata. — Vol.  ix.,  p.  75.,  col.  1.  9th  line,  for  "  previous  "  read 
"  precious  "  ;  p.  136.,  col.  1.  line  3  ,  for  "  carre  "  read  "  cane  ;  " 
p.  200.,  col.  1.  12th  line  from  bottom,  for  "  Richard  I."  read 
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p  ILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  Bolton, 

LT  Lancashire,  has  prepared  his  usual  large 
supply  of  SURPLICES,  in  Anticipation  of 
EASTER. 

PARCELS  delivered  FREE  at  Railway 

Stations. 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  228. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J    AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  Creates 
ease    and    certainty    by   using    BLAND 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer 
tainty  and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length 
ened  period,  combined  with  the  most  faithf 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho 
tographer. 

Albumenised  paper,  for  printing  from  glas 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de 
tail  unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  pe 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra 
phical  Instrument   Makers,   and  Operativ 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 
***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


fTHE  SIGHT   preserved  by  the 

L  Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  su't 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively-employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


"PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAMERAS. 

—  OTTEWILL  &  MORGAN'S  Manu- 
factory, 24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace,  Caledonian 
Road,  Islington.  OTTE  WILL'S  Registered 
Double  Body  Folding  Camera,  adapted  for 
Landscapes  or  Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A. 
ROSS,  Featherstone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the 
Photographic  Institution,  Bond  Street  :  and 
at  the  Manufactory  as  above,  where  every  de- 
scription of  Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may 
be  had.  The  Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 
&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
Of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

L  DTON.-.T.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producjng  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 

and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus,v 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  011  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


CHUBB'S  FIRE-PROOI 
SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  — These  safes  a 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire 
Chubb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve 
ments,  cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com 
plete  lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar 
ket  Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Field 
Wolverhampton. 


MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSURANCE 
by  MODERATE  PREMIUMS. 
The  SIXTEENTH  ANNUAL  REPORT 
of  the  SCOTTISH  PROVIDENT  INSTITU- 
TION   (the  only  Society  in  which  the  ad 
vantages  of  Mutual  Assurance  can  be  secured 
by  Moderate  Premiums)  is  now  Published,  an 
may  be  had  free,  on  application. 

THE   RESULTS    OF  BUSINESS    EF- 
FECTED IN  1853  ARE  :  — 

1.  Number  of  proposals  accepted      -       -    71 

2.  Amount  of  new  assurances  ex- 

clusive of  annuities       -       -  £309,393    0 

3.  Amount  of  annual  premiums 

on  new  assurances  -       -       -      .£8,038125 

4.  Amount  of  single  payments  on 

ditto 10,729    2  8 


— New  premiums  re- 
ceived during  the  year  -       -    .618,76715 


5.  Amount  of  claims  by  death 

during  the  year      ...    £23,526    5  0 

6.  Addition  to  realised  fund,  aris- 

ing entirely  from  accumu- 
lated premiums  during  the 
year £50,459  0  0 

BIENNIAL  PROGRESS  OF  BUSINESS 
DURING  THE  LAST  TEN  YEARSF 

Amount  of 


In 

Years. 


844-45 

815-47 
848-49 
850-51 
852-53 


Number 
of  New 
Policies. 


658 
8S8 
907 


Assurances. 

£ 

281,082 
404,734 
410,933 
535,137 


Accumulated 


£ 

69,009 
95,705 
134,406 
207,803 
305,134 


MUTUAL  LIFE  ASSURANCE. 

rTHE  SCOTTISH  PROVIDENT 

L  INSTITUTION  combines  the  advantage 
f  Participation  in  the  whole  Profits  with  mo- 
derate Premiums. 

The  premiums  are  as  low  as  those  of  the  non- 
articipating  scale  of  the  proprietary  comjia- 
lies.  They  admit  of  being  so  not  oniy  with 
afety,  but  with  ample  reversion  of  profits  to 
he  policy-holders,  being  free  from  the  burden 
f  payment  of  dividend  to  shareholders. 

At  the  first  division  of  surplus  in  the  present 

ear,  bonus  additions  were  made  to  policies 

which  had  come  within  the  participating  class, 

arying  from  20  to  54  per  cent,  on  their  amount. 

In  all  points  of  practice  —  as  in  the  provision 
or  the  indefeasibility  of  policies,  facility  of  li- 
ence  for  travelling  or  residence  abroad,  and  of 
btaining  advances  on  the  value  of  the  policies 
—  the  regulations  of  the  Society,  as  well  as  the 
dministration,  are  as  liberal  as  is  consistent 
pith  right  principle. 

Policies  are  now  issued  free  of  stamp  duty. 

Copies  of  the  last  annual  report,  containing 
ull  explanations  of  the  principles,  may  be  had 
n  application  to  the  Head  Office  in  Edin- 
urgh  ;  of  the  Society's  Provincial  Agent  ;  or 
f  the  Resident  Secretary,  London  Branch. 

JAMES  WATSON,  Manager. 
GEORGE  GRANT,  Resident  Secretary. 
London  Branch,  12.  Moorgate  Street. 
The  London   Branch  will  be  removed    on 
5th  March  to  the    Society's   New  Premises, 
6.  Gracechurch  Street,  corner  of  Fenchurch 
Street,  City. 


WH.  HART,  RECORD 
•  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  9f  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  m 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

1.  ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


ENNETT'S       MODEL 

WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
IBITION,  No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2Z..3Z.,  and  il.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
S.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


H.E.Bicknell.Esq. 
T.S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq.. 

.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
T.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


Directors. 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
J.  Hunt,  Esq. 


J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 


J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 

W.Whateley,Esq.,Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq. ; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 
ankers. —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
ome  void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ng  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
pplication  to  suspend-  the  payment  at  interest, 
ccording  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
pectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
00?..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
'rofits :  — 


If. 

22  - 


£  s.  d. 

-  1  14    4 

-  1  18    8 

-  2    4    5 


if- 

37- 
42- 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6<7.,  Second  Edition, 
ith  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
ESTMENT  and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
REATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
and  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
reehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
ound  Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
HUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
IB  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefleld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEORGE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 


City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.—  Saturday,  March  11.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OE  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

"  Wizen  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  229.] 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  18.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 
1  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES:—  Page 

Gossiping  History  -  -  -  -  239 

Works  on  Bells,  by  the  Rev.  H.  T. 

Ellaeombe  -  -  -  -  240 

Inedited  Letter  of  Lord  Nelson,  by 

E.W.Jacob  -  -  -  -  241 

FOLK  LORE  :  —  Herefordshire  Folk  Lore 

_  Greenock  Fair  —  Dragons'  Blood  — 

Charm  for  the  Ague  -  242 

Psalms  for  the  Chief  Musician  :  Hebrew 

Music,  by  T.  J.  Bucktou          -          -    242 

MINOR  NOTES  :  — "  Garble  "  —  Deaths  in 
the  Society  of  Friends  —  The  Eastern 
Question— Jonathan  Sivift,  Dean  of 
St. Patrick's.Dublin-English  Litera- 
ture —  Irish  Legislation  —  Anecdote 
of  George  IV.  aud  the  Duke  of  York  243 

QCERIES  :  — 

Anonymous  Works:  "  Posthumous  Pa- 
rodies," "  Adventures  in,  the  Moon," 

&c. 244 

Blind  Mackerel     -          -          -          -    245 

MINOR  QUERIES:— Original  Words  of 
old  Scotch  Airs  — Royal  Salutes  — 
"The  Negro's  Complaint "  —  "  The 
Cow  Doctor  "  —  Soomarokoff ' s  "  De- 
metrius "—Polygamy— Irish,  Anglo- 
Saxon,  Longobardic,  and  Old  English 
Letters  —  Description  of  Battles  _ 
Do  Martyrs  always  feel  Pain  ?_  Car- 
ronarle  —  Darcy,  of  Platteo,  co. 
MiT.th  — Dorset  —  "  Vanitatem  obser- 
vare  "  —  King's  Prerogative  —  Quota- 
tions in  Cowper— Cawley  the  Regicide  245 

JilfNOR        QrERIES      WITH       ANSWERS   :  — 

Dr.  John  Poc'tlington  — Last  Marquis 
of  Annandale  —  Heralds'  College  — 
Ted. ly  the  Tiler—  Duchess  of  Maza- 
rin's  Monument — Halcyon  Days  -  247 

REPLIES  :  — 

Dogs  in  Monumental  Brasses,  by  the 

Rev.  W.  S.  Simnson,&c.  -  -  249 

Sneezing,  by  C.  W.  Bingham      -  250 

Sir  John  de  Morant  -  250 

Inn  Signs     -  -  -  -  251 

-*'  Consilium  Delectorum  Cardinalium  252 
Pulpit  Hour-glasses,  by  Dr.  E.  F.  Rim 

bault,  &c.  -  -  -  -  252 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE:  —A 
Prize  for  the  best  Collodion  —Double 
Iodide  of  Silver  and  Potassium  — 
Albumenized  Paper  —  Cyanide  of  Po- 
tas.ium 254 

HEPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Saw- 
-dust  Recipe  —  Brydonc  the  Tourist  — 
Etymology  of  "  Page  "  —  Longfellow 

—  Canting  Arms  — Holy  Loaf  Money 
-  "  Could  we  with  Ink,"  &c.  —  Mount 
Mill,  and  the  Fortifications  of  London 

—  Standing  while  the  Lord's  Prayer 
is  read— A  dead  Sultan,  with  his  Shirt 
for  an  Ensign  —  "  Hovd  maet  of  laet  " 

—  Captr.in  Eyre's  Drawings— Sir  Thos. 
Browne  and  Bishop  Ken,  &c.  -          -    255 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted       -    258 
Notices  to  Correspondents       -  -    259 


VOL.  IX.  — No.  229. 


» 


Just  published,  price  6cf. 
OXFORD  REFORMERS. 

LETTER    TO    ENDEMUS 

AND   ECDEMTJS.    By   A   FELLOW 
ORIEL. 

Ovro*  SienrruxSfVTff  io<f,9r)<rav  xevoi. 

Oxford  and  London  : 
JOHN  HENRY  PARKER. 


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L  COLLEGE,  OXFORD  ;  in  a  Letter  ad- 
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Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer.  By  JOHN 
BARROW,  B.D.,  Fellow,  aud  formerly  Tutor, 
of  Queen's  College. 

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RECOMMENDATIONS     RE- 

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February,  1854. 

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Preparing  for  Publication, 

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VAUGIIAN'S  STRICTURES.    By  the  REV. 

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This  Day,  Cheaper  Edition,  Three  Volumes, 
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THE  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
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against  Martin  Mar-Prelate,  with  Notes  by 
DR.  RIMBAULT.  Also,  a  Notice  of  the 
Hardwicke  Manuscripts  ;  together  with  a  Ca- 
talogue of  Valuable  Books  (upwards  of  1000 
Articles)  in  all  Classes  of  Literature,  on  Sale 
by 

JOHN  PETHERAM,  94.  High  Holborn. 


/GRADUATES    of    the     UNI- 

VT    VERSITIES  and  PROPRIETORS  of 

SCHOOLS  who  are  desirous  of  becoming  Cor- 
responding Directors  of  this  Society,  will  be 
furnished  with  the  particulars  of  the  Remu- 
neration and  Duties  on  application,  addressed 
to  the  Head  Office,  18.  Basinghall  Street, 
London. 

English  and  Irish  Church  and  University 
Assurance  Office,  January  23,  1851. 

STEPHEN  J.  ALDRICH,  Secretary, 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


T 


Just  published,  No.  III.,  price  6s.,  of 

HE       LONDON       QUARTERLY 

CONTENTS : — 


REVIEW. 


I.  THIERSCH,      AS      THEOLOGIAN 

AND  CRITIC. 
TI.  MADAGASCAR. 

III.  LIFE     AND    EPISTLES     OF    ST. 

PAUL. 

IV.  THE  MORMONS. 

V.  METEOROLOGY  :  ITS  PROGRESS 
AND  PRACTICAL  APPLICA- 
TIONS. 


VI.  RESEARCHES  IN  PALESTINE. 
VII.  JUNCTION   OF   THE    ATLANTIC 

AND  PACIFIC  OCEANS. 
VIII.  RICHARD  WATSON. 
IX.  MODERN  POETRY  :   ITS  GENIUS 

AND  TENDENCIES. 
X.  AMERICA,  PAST  AND  FUTURE. 
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239 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  18,  1854. 


GOSSIPING    HISTORY. 

"  This  is  the  Jew 
That  Shakspeare  drew." 

I  do  not  know  by  whom  or  when  the  above 
couplet  was  first  imputed  to  Pope.  The  following 
extracts  will  show  how  a  story  grows,  and  the 
parasites  which,  under  unwholesome  cultivation, 
adhere  to  it.  The  restoration  of  Shakspeare's 
text,  and  the  performance  of  Shylock  as  a  serious 
part,  are  told  as  usual. 

"  In  the  dumb  action  of  the  trial  scene  he  was  amaz- 
ingly descriptive,  and  through  the  whole  displayed 
such  unequalled  merit,  as  justly  entitled  him  to  that 
very  comprehensive,  though  concise,  compliment  paid 
to  him  by  Mr.  Pope,  who  sat  in  the  stage-box  on  the 
third  night  of  the  reproduction,  and  who  emphatically 
exclaimed,  — 

'  This  is  the  Jew 

That  Shakspeare  drew.' 

Life  of  Macklin,  by  J.  T.  Kirkman,  vol.  i.  p.  264.  : 
London,  1799,  2  vols.  8vo. 

The  book  is  ill-written,  and  no  authorities  are 
cited. 

"  A  few  days  after,  Macklin  received  an  invitation 
to  dine  with  Lord  Bolingbroke  at  Battersea.  He  at- 
tended the  rendezvous,  and  there  found  Pope  and  a 
select  party,  who  complimented  him  very  much  on  the 
part  of  Shylock,  and  questioned  him  about  many  little 
particulars,  relative  to  his  getting  up  the  play,  &c. 
Pope  particularly  asked  him  why  he  wore  a  red  hat, 
and  he  answered,  because  he  had  read  that  Jews  in 
Italy,  particularly  in  Venice,  wore  hats  of  that  colour. 

«  And  pray,  Mr.  Macklin,'  said  Pope,  «  do  players  in 
general  take  such  pains  ?  '  «  I  do  not  know,  sir,  that 
they  do  ;  but  as  I  had  staked  my  reputation  on  the 
character,  I  was  determined  to  spare  no  trouble  in 
getting  at  the  best  information.'  Pope  nodded,  and 
said,  *  It  was  very  laudable.'"  —  Memoirs  of  Macklin, 
p.  94.,  Lond.  1804. 

The  above  work  has  not  the  author's  name,  and  is 
as  defective  in  references  as  Mr.  Kirkman's.  It 
is,  however,  not  quite  so  trashy.  Being  published 
five  years  later,  the  author  must  have  seen  the 
preceding  Life,  and  his  not  repeating  the  story 
about  the  couplet  is  strong  presumption  that  it 
was  not  then  believed.  It  appears  again  in  the 
BiograpJiia  Dramatica,  vol.  i.  p.  469.,  London, 
1812: 

"  Macklin's  performance  of  this  character  (Shylock) 
so  forcibly  struck  a  gentleman  in  the  pit,  that  he  as  it 
were  involuntarily  exclaimed,  '  This  is,'  &c.  It  has 
been  said  that  this  gentleman  was  Mr.  Pope." 

I  am  not  aware  of  its  alteration  during  the  next 


forty  years,  but  this  was  the  state  of  the  anecdote 
in  1853  : 

"  Macklin  was  a  tragedian,  and  the  personal  friend 
of  Alexander  Pope.  He  had  a  daughter,  a  beautiful 
and  accomplished  girl,  who  was  likewise  on  the  stage. 
On  one  occasion  Macklin's  daughter  was  about  to  take 
a  benefit  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  and  on  the  morning 
of  that  evening,  whilst  the  father  and  daughter  were  at 
breakfast,  a  young  nobleman  entered  the  apartment, 
and,  with  the  most  undisguised  ruffianism,  made  over- 
tures of  a  dishonourable  character  to  Macklin  for  his 
daughter.  The  exasperated  father,  seizing  a  knife 
from  the  table,  rushed  at  the  fellow,  who  on  the  instant 
fled,  on  which  Macklin  pursued  him  along  the  street 
with  the  knife  in  his  hand.  The  cause  of  the  tra- 
gedian's wild  appearance  in  the  street  soon  got  vent 
in  the  city.  Evening  came,  and  Old  Drury  seldom 
saw  so  crowded  a  house.  The  play  was  the  Merchant 
of  Venice,  Macklin  sustaining  the  part  of  Shylock,  and 
his  interesting  daughter  that  of  Jessica.  Their  re- 
ception was  most  enthusiastic  ;  but  in  that  scene  where 
the  Jew  is  informed  of  his  daughter  being  carried  off, 
the  whole  audience  seemed  to  be  quite  carried  away 
by  Macklin's  acting.  The  applause  was  iminense,  and 
Pope,  who  was  standing  in  the  pit,  exclaimed,  — 

'  That's  the  Jew  that  Shakspeare  drew.' 

Macklin  was  much  respected  in  London.  He  was  a 
native  of  Monaghan,  and  a  Protestant.  His  father 
was  a  Catholic,  and  died  when  he  was  a  child  ;  and  his 
mother  being  a  Protestant,  he  was  educated  as  such." 
—  Dublin  Weekly  Telegraph,  Feb.  9,  1853. 

One  more  version  is  given  in  the  Irish  Quarterly 
Review,  and  quoted  approvingly  in  The  Leader, 
Dec.  17,  1853. 

"  The  house  was  crowded  from  the  opening  of  the 
doors,  and  the  curtain  rose  amidst  the  most  dreadful  of 
all  awful  silence,  the  stillness  of  a  multitude.  The 
Jew  enters  in  the  third  scene,  and  from  that  point,  to 
the  famous  scene  with  Tubal,  all  passed  off  with  con- 
siderable applause.  Here,  however,  and  in  the  trial 
scene,  the  actor  was  triumphant,  and  iu  the  applause  of 
a  thousand  voices  the  curtain  dropped.  The  play  was 
repeated  for  nineteen  successive  nights  with  increased 
success.  On  the  third  night  of  representation  all  eyes 
were  directed  to  the  stage-box,  where  sat  a  little  de- 
formed man  ;  and  whilst  others  watched  his  gestures, 
as  if  to  learn  his  opinion  of  the  performers,  he  was 
gazing  intently  upon  Shylock,  and  as  the  actor  panted, 
in  broken  accents  of  rage,  and  sorrow,  and  avarice  — 
'  Go,  Tubal,  fee  me  an  officer,  bespeak  him  a  fortnight 
before  :  I  will  have  the  heart  of  him,  if  he  forfeit  ;  for 
were  he  out  of  Venice,  I  can  make  what  merchandise 
I  will :  go,  Tubal,  and  meet  me  at  our  synagogue ; 
go,  good  Tubal;  at  our  synagogue,  Tubal.' — the 
little  man  was  seen  to  rise,  and  leaning  from  the  box, 
as  Macklin  passed  it,  he  whispered,  — 

'  This  is  the  Jew, 
That  Shakspeare  drew.' 

The  speaker  was  Alexander  Pope,  and,  in  that  age, 
from  his  judgment  in  criticism  there  was  no  appeal." 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


No  reference  to  cotemporary  testimony  is  given 
by  these  historians. 

Gait,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Players,  Lond.  1831, 
does  not  notice  the  story. 

Pope  was  at  Bath  on  the  4th  of  February,  1741, 
as  appears  from  his  letter  to  Warburton  of  that 
date ;  but  as  he  mentions  his  intention  to  return 
to  London,  he  may  have  been  there  on  the  14th. 
That  he  was  not  in  the  pit  we  may  be  confident ; 
that  he  was  in  the  boxes  is  unlikely.  His  health 
was  declining  in  1739.  In  his  letter  to  Swift, 
quoted  in  Croly's  edition,  vol.  i.  p.  Ixxx.,  lie  says  : 

"  Having  nothing  to  tell  you  of  my  poetry,  I  come 
to  what  is  now  my  chief  care,  my  health  and  amuse- 
ment ;  the  first  is  better  as  to  headaches,  worse  as  to 
•weakness  and  nerves.  The  changes  of  weather  affect 
me  much  ;  the  mornings  are  my  life,  in  the  evenings  I 
am  not  dead  indeed,  but  sleepy  and  stupid  enough.  I 
love  reading  still  better  than  conversation,  but  my  eyes 
fail,  and  the  hours  when  most  people  indulge  in  com- 
pany, I  am  tired,  and  find  the  labour  of  the  past  day 
sufficient  to  weigh  me  down  ;  so  /  hide  myself  in  bed, 
as  a  bird  in  the  nest,  much  about  the  same  time,  and  rise 
and  chirp  in  the  morning." 

I  hope  I  have  said  enough  to  stop  the  farther 
growth  of  this  story ;  but  before  laying  down  my 
pen,  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  practice  of 
giving  anecdotes  without  authorities.  This  is  en- 
couraged by  the  newspapers  devoting  a  column  to 
"  varieties,"  which  are  often  amusing,  but  oftener 
stale.  A  paragraph  is  now  commencing  the  round, 
telling  how  a  lady  took  a  linendraper  to  a  barber's, 
and  on  pretence  of  his  being  a  mad  relative,  had 
his  head  shaved,  while  she  absconded  with  his 
goods.  It  is  a  bad  version  of  an  excellent  scene 
in  Foote's  Cozeners.  H.  B.  C. 

Garrick  Club. 


WORKS    ON    BELLS. 

I  have  a  Note  of  many  books  on  bell?,  which 
may  be  acceptable  to  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  Those 
marked  *,  Cancellieri,  in  his  work,  calls  Protestant 
writers  on-  the  subject. 

*Anon.   Recueil  curieux  et  edifiant  sur  les  Cloches  de 
1'Eglise,  avec  les  Ceremonies  de  leur  Benediction. 
Cologne,  1757. 
Barraud  (Abb.).   Notice  sur  les  Cloches.    8vo.,  Caen, 

1844. 
Boemeri  (G.  L.).   Programma  de  Feudo  Campanario. 

Gottingae,  1755.  v 

Buonmattci  (Ben.).    Declamazione  delle    Campane, 
dopo    le  sue    Cicalate   delle  tre   Sirocchie.      Pisa, 
1635. 
Campani  (Gio.  Ant.).    Opera.      The   frontispiece  a 

large  bell.      Roma,  1495. 
Cancellieri  (  F. ).    Descrizione  della  nuova   Campana 

Magiore  della  Basilica  Vaticana.      Roma,  1786. 
Cancellieri  (F. ).    Descrizione  delle  due  nuove  Cam- 
pane  di  Campidoglio  beneditte  del  Pio  VII.   Roma, 
1806,  4to. 


*Cave  (G.  G.).   An  Turrium  et  Campanarum  Usus  in 

Repub.  Christ.  Deo  displiceat  1    Leipsias,  1709,  4to. 
Conrad  (Dietericus).    De  Campanis.      Germanice. 
*Eggers  (Nic.).   Dissertatio  de  Campanarum  Materia 

et  Forma. 

Eggers  (Nic.).  Dissertatio  de  Origine  et  Nomine  Cam- 
panarum.     lence,  1  684. 
Escbenwecker.   De  eo  quod  justum  est  circa  Cam- 

panas. 
Fesc  (Labcranus  du).    Des  Cloches.     12mo.,  Paris, 

1607-19. 
*Goezii.  Diatriba  de  Baptismo  Campanarum.  Lubecajj 

1612. 
Grimaud  (Gilb.).   Liturgie  Sacree,  avec  un  Traite  des 

Cloches.     Lyons,  1666,  4to.      Pavia,  1678,  12mo. 
*Hilscben  (Gio.).    Dissertatio  de  Campanis  Templo- 

rum.     Leipsiae,  1690. 
*Homberg  (  Gas.).  De  Superstitiosis  Campanarum  pul- 

sibus,  ad  eliciendas  preces,  quibus  placentur  ful- 

mina,  excogitatis.     4to.,  Frank  forties,  1577. 
Lazzarini  (Alex.).     De  vario  Tintinnabulorum  Usu 

apud  veteres  Hebraeos  et  Ethnicos.     2  vols.  8vo., 

Romaj,  1822. 
Ludovici  (G.  F.).   De  eo  quod  justum  est  circa  Cam- 

panas.      Hala;,  1708  et  1739. 
Magii   (Hier.).     De    Tintinnabulis,    cum    notis    F. 

Swertii  et  Jungermanni.       12mo.,  Amstelodamas 

et     Hanovife,    1608,    1664,    1689.      "A    learned 

work." — Parr. 

Martene.    De  Ritibus  Ecclesiae. 
*Medelii  (Geo.).    An  Campanarum  Sonitus  Fulmina, 

Tonitura,  et  Fulgura  impedire  possit.     4to.  1703. 
Mitzler  (B.  A.).   De  Campanis. 
*Nerturgii    (Mar.).     Campanula    Penitentia?.       4to., 

Dresden,  1644. 
Paciaudi.  Dissertazione  su  due  Campane  di  Capua. 

Neapoli,  1750. 
Pacichelli  (Ab.  J.  B.).  De  Tintinnabulo  Nolano  Lu- 

cubratio  Autumnalis.      Neapoli,  1693.      Dr.  Parr 

calls  this  "  a  great  curiosity." 
Pagii.    De  Campanis  Dissertatio. 
Rocca  (Ang.).    De  Campanis   Commentarius.     4to., 

Romas,  1612. 
*Reimanni   (Geo.   Chris.).    De   Campanis    earumque 

Origine,  vario  Usu,  Abusu,  et  Juribus.  4to.,  Isenaci, 

1769. 
Saponti  (G.  M.).   Notificazione  per  la  solenne  Bene- 

dizione  della  nuova  Campana  da  Collocarsi  nella 

Metropolitana  di  S.  Lorenzo.     Geneva,  1750. 
Seligmann   (Got.   Fr.).      De    Campana    Urinatoria. 

Leipsiae,  1677,  4to. 
*Stockflet    (Ar.).    Dissertatio    de   Campanarum  Usu. 

4 to.,  Altdorfii,  1665,  1666. 
*Storius  (G.  M.).    De   Campanis  Templorum.     4to., 

Leipsia?,  1692. 
Swertius  (  Fran. ). 
Thiers  (G.  B.).  Des  Cloches.  12mo.,  Paris,  1602, 

1619. 

Thiers  (J.  B).   Traite  des  Cloches.     Paris,  1721. 
*Walleri  (Ar.).    De  Campanis  et  praecipuis  earum  Usi- 

bus.      8vo.,  Holmia2,  1694. 
Willietti  (Car.).    Ragguaglio  delle  Campane  di  Vili- 

glia.     4to.,  Roma,  1601. 
Zech  (F.  S.).   De  Campanis  et  Instruments  Musicis, 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


241 


Without  enumerating  any  Encyclopedias  (in 
most  of  which  may  be  found  very  able  and  inter- 
esting articles  on  the  subject),  in  the  following- 
works  the  best  treatises  for  all  practical  purposes 
will  be  found  : 

Pirotechnia,  del  Vannuccio  Biringuccio,  nobile  Se- 
nese,  1540,  1550,  1559,  1678.  There  is  a  French 
translation  of  it  by  Jasper  Vincent,  1556 — 1572,  1627. 
The  tenth  chapter  is  ahout  bells.  Magius  refers  to  it 
in  these  words  :  — "  In  ilia,  perscriptum  in  Italico  Ser- 
morie,  et  delineatum  quisque  reperiet,  quicquid  ad 
artem  ediscendam  conducit,  usque  adeo,  ut  et  quo 
pacto,  Campana?  in  turribus  constituantur  ac  move- 
antur,  edoceat,  optimeque  figuris  delineatis  common- 
stret." 

Ducange  in  Glossario,  in  vocibus  JEs,  Campana,  Co- 
don,  Cloca,  Crotalum,  Glogga,  Lebes,  Nola,  Petasus, 
Signum,  Squilla,  Tintinnahulum. 

Mersenni  (F.  M. ).  Harmonicorum  Lihri  XII. 
Paris,  1629,  1643.  (Liber  Quartus  de  Campanis.) 
This  and  Biringuccio  contain  all  the  art  and  mystery 
of  bell-casting,  &c.  &c. 

Puffendorff.  De  Campanarum  Usu  in  obitu  Paro- 
chiani  puhlice  sigmficando,  in  ejus  Observationibus. 
Jur.  Univers.,  p.  iv.  No.  104. 

And  now  with  regard  to  our  English  authors  ; 
their  productions  seem  to  be  confined  chiefly  to 
the  Art  of  Ringing,  as  the  following  list  will 
show  : 

Tintinalogia,  or  the  Art  of  Ringing  improved,  by 
T.  W[hite].  18mo.,  1668.  This  is  the  book  alluded 
to  by  Dr.  Burney,  in  his  History  of  Music,  vol.  iv. 
p.  413. 

Campanalogia,  or  the  Art  of  Ringing  improved. 
18mo.,  1677.  This  was  by  Fabian  Steadman. 

Campanalogia,  improved  by  I.  D.  and  C.  M.,  Lon- 
don scholars.  18mo.,  1702. 

Ditto  2nd  edition  18 mo.,  1705. 

Ditto  3rd  edition  18mo.,  1733. 

Ditto  4th  edition  18mo.,  1753. 

Ditto  5th  edition,  by  J.  Monk.    18mo.,  1766. 

The  School  of  Recreation,  or  Gentleman's  Tutor  in 
various  Exercises,  one  of  which  is  Ringing.  1684. 

Clavis  Campanalogia,  by  Jones,  Reeves,  and  Black- 
more.  12mo.,  1788.  Reprinted  in  1796  and  1800? 

The  Ringer's  True  Guide,  by  S.  Beaufoy.  12mo., 
1804. 

The  Campanalogia,  or  Universal  Instructor  in  the 
Art  of  Ringing,  by  William  Shipway.  12mo.,  1816. 

Elements  of  Campanalogia.  by  H.  Hubbard.  12mo., 
1845. 

The  Bell :  its  Origin,  History,  and  Uses,  by  Rev. 
A.  Gatty.  12mo.,  1847. 

Ditto,  enlarged.     1848. 

Blunt's  Use  and  Ahuse  of  Church  Bells.  8vo., 
1846. 

Ellacombe's  Practical  Remarks  on  Belfries  and 
Ringers.  8vo.,  1850. 

Ellacombe's  Paper  on  Bells,  with  Illustrations,  in 
the  Report  of  Bristol  Architectural  Society.  1850. 

Croome's  Few  Words  on  Bells  and  Bell-ringing. 
8vo.,  1851. 


Woolf's  Address  on  the  Science  of  Campanology. 
Tract.  1851. 

Plain  Hints  to  Bell-ringers.  No.  47.  of  Parochial 
Tracts.  1852? 

The  Art  of  Change-ringing,  by  B.  Thackrah. 
12mo.,  1852. 

To  these  may  be  added,  as  single  poetical  pro- 
ductions, 

The  Legend  of  the  Limerick  Bell   Founder,  pub- 
lished in  the  Dublin  University  Mag.,  Sept.  1847. 
The  Bell,  by  Schiller. 

Perhaps  some  courteous  reader  of  "N.  &  Q." 
may  be  able  to  correct  any  error  there  may  be  in 
the  list,  or  to  add  to  it. 

There  is  a  curious  collection  of  MSS.  on  the 
subject  by  the  late  Mr.  Osborn,  among  the  Addi- 
tional MSS.,  Nos.  19,368  and  19,373. 

H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George. 


INEDITEB  LETTER  OF  LORD  NELSON. 

I  have  in  my  possession  a  long  letter  written  by 
Lord  Nelson,  sixteen  days  before  the  battle  of 
Trafalgar,  to  the  Eight  Hon.  Lord  Barham,  who 
was  at  that  time  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 
As  an  autograph  collector,  I  prize  it  much  ;  and 
I  think  that  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  might  be 
glad  to  see  it.  It  has  not  yet,  as  far  as  I  am 
aware,  been  published : 

Victory,  Oct.  5th,  1805. 
My  Dear  Lord, 

On  Monday  the  French  and  Spanish  ships  took 
their  troops  on  board  which  had  been  landed  on 
their  arrival,  and  it  is  said  that  they  mean  to  sail 
the  first  fresh  Levant  wind.  And  as  the  Cartha- 
gena  ships  are  ready,  and,  when  seen  a  few  days 
ago,  had  their  topsail  yards  hoisted  up,  this  looks 
like  a  junction.  The  position  I  have  taken  for 
this  month,  is  from  sixteen  to  eighteen  leagues 
west  of  Cadiz  ;  for,  although  it  is  most  desirable 
that  the  fleet  should  be  well  up  in  the  easterly 
winds,  yet  I  must  guard  against  being  caught 
with  a  westerly  wind  near  Cadiz :  for  a  fleet  of 
ships,  with  so  many  three-deckers,  would  inevit- 
ably be  forced  into  the  Straits,  and  then  Cadiz 
would  be  perfectly  free  for  them  to  come  out  with 
a  westerly  wind — as  they  served  Lord  Keith  in 
the  late  war.  I  am  most  anxious  for  the  arrival 
of  frigates :  less  than  eight,  with  the  brigs,  &c.,  as 
we  settled,  I  find  are  absolutely  inadequate  for 
this  service  and  to  be  with  the  fleet ;  and  Spartel, 
Cape  Cantin,  or  Blanco,  and  the  Salvages,  must 
be  watched  by  fast- sailing  vessels,  in  case  any 
squadron  should  escape. 

I  have  been  obliged  to  send  six  sail  of  the  line 
to  water  and  get  stores,  &c.  at  Tetuan  and  Gi- 
braltar ;  for  if  I  did  not  begin,  I  should  very 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


soon  be  obliged  to  take  the  whole  fleet  into  the 
Straits.  I  have  twenty-three  sail  with  me,  and 
should  they  come  out,  I  shall  immediately  bring 
them  to  battle ;  but  although  I  should  not  doubt 
of  spoiling  any  voyage  they  may  attempt,  yet  I 
hope  for  the  arrival  of  the  ships  from  England, 
that,  as  an  enemy's  fleet,  they  may  be  annihilated. 
Your  Lordship  may  rely  upon  every  exertion  from 
Your  very  faithful  and  obedient  servant, 
NELSON  AND  BRONTE. 

I  find  the  Guerrier  is  reduced  to  the  command 
of  a  Lieutenant ;  I  hope  your  Lordship  will  allow 
me  to  seek  Sir  William  Bolton,  and  to  place  him 
in  the  first  vacant  frigate ;  he  will  be  acting  in  a 
ship  when  the  Captains  go  home  with  Sir  Robert 
Calder.  This  will  much  oblige  me. 


If  any  valuable  autographs  come  into  my  pos- 
session hereafter,  you  may  expect  to  receive  some 
account  of  them.  EUSTACE  W.  JACOB. 

Crawley,  Winchester. 


FOLK    LOBE. 

Herefordshire  Folk  Lore.  —  Pray  make  an  im- 
perishable Note  of  the  following  concentration  of 
Herefordshire  folk  lore,  extracted  from  the  "  Re- 
port of  the  Secretary  of  the  Diocesan  Board  of 
Education,"  as  published  in  The  Times  of  Jan.  28, 
1854: 

"  The  observation  of  unlucky  days  and  seasons  is  by 
no  means  unusual.  The  phases  of  the  moon  are  re- 
garded with  great  respect :  in  one  medicine  may  be 
taken  ;  in  another  it  is  advisable  to  kill  a  pig ;  over 
the  doors  of  many  houses  may  be  found  twigs  placed 
crosswise,  and  never  suffered  to  lose  their  cruciform 
position ;  and  the  horse-shoe  preserves  its  old  station 
on  many  a  stable-door.  Charms  are  devoutly  believed 
in.  A  ring  made  from  a  shilling  offered  at  the  Com- 
munion is  an  undoubted  cure  for  fits  ;  hair  plucked 
from  the  crop  of  an  ass's  shoulder,  and  woven  into  a 
chain,  to  be  put  round  a  child's  neck,  is  powerful  for 
the  same  purpose  ;  and  the  hand  of  a  corpse  applied  to 
a  neck  is  believed  to  disperse  a  wen.  Not  long 
since,  a  boy  was  met  running  hastily  to  a  neighbour's 
for  some  holy  water,  as  the  only  hope  of  preserving  a 
sick  pig.  The  'evil  eye,' so  long  dreaded  in  unedu- 
cated countries,  has  its  terrors  amongst  us  ;  and  if  a 
person  of  ill  life  be  suddenly  called  away,  there  are 
generally  some  who  hear  his  '  tokens,'  or  see  his  ghost. 
There  exists,  besides,  the  custom  of  communicating 
deaths  to  hives  of  bees,  in  the  belief  that  they  invari- 
ably abandon  their  owners  if  the  intelligence  be  with- 
held." 

May  not  any  one  exclaim  : 

"  O  miseras  hominum  mentes  !     O  pectora  caeca ! 
Qualibus  in  tenebris  vita?,  quantisque  periclis 
Degitur  hoc  ajvi,  quodcunque  est !" 

S.  G.  C. 


Greenoch  Fair.  —  A  very  curious  custom  existed 
in  this  town,  and  in  the  neighbouring  town  of 
Port-Glasgow,  within  forty  years  ;  it  has  now  en- 
tirely disappeared.  I  cannot  but  look  upon  it  as 
a  last  remnant  of  the  troublous  times  when  arms 
were  in  all  hands,  and  property  liable  to  be  openly 
and  forcibly  seized  by  bands  of  armed  men.  This 
custom  was,  that  the  whole  trades  of  the  town,  in 
the  dresses  of  their  guilds,  with  flags  and  music, 
each  man  armed,  made  a  grand  rendezvous  at  the 
place  where  the  fair  was  to  be  held,  and  with 
drawn  swords  and  array  of  guns  and  pistols,  sur- 
rounded the  booths,  and  greeted  the  baillie's  an- 
nouncement by  tuck  of  drum,  "  that  Greenock 
fair  was  open,"  by  a  tremendous  shout,  and  a 
straggling  fire  from  every  serviceable  barrel  in 
the  crowd,  and  retired,  bands  playing  and  flags 
flying,  &c.,  home.  Does  any  such  wapperischau 
occur  in  England  on  such  occasions  now  ? 

C,  D.  LAMONT. 

Greenock. 

Dragons'  Blood.  —  A  peculiar  custom  exists 
amongst  a  class,  with  whom  unfortunately  the 
schoolmaster  has  not  yet  come  very  much  in  con- 
tact, when  supposed  to  be  deserted  or  slighted 
by  a  lover,  of  procuring  dragons'  blood ;  which 
being  careful  I/  wrapped  in  paper,  is  thrown  on 
the  fire,  and  the  following  lines  said  : 

"  May  he  no  pleasure  or  profit  see, 
Till  he  comes  back  again  to  me." 

R.  J.  S. 
Charm  for  the  Ague.  — 

"  Cut  a  few  hairs  from  the  cross  marked  on  a  don- 
key's shoulders.  Enclose  these  hairs  in  a  small  bag, 
and  wear  it  on  your  breast,  next  to  the  skin.  If  you 
keep  your  purpose  secret,  a  speedy  cure  will  be  the 
result." 

The  foregoing  charm  was  told  to  me  a  short 
time  since  by  the  agent  of  a  large  landed  pro- 
prietor in  a  fen  county.  My  informant  gravely 
added,  that  he  had  known  numerous  instances  of 
this  charm  being  practised,  and  that  in  every  case 
a  cure  had  been  effected.  From  my  own  know- 
ledge, I  can  speak  of  another  charm  for  the  ague, 
in  which  the  fen  people  put  great  faith,  viz.  a 
spider,  covered  with  dough,  and  taken  as  a  pill. 
CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 


PSALMS    TOE    THE    CHIEF    MUSICIAN  -  HEBREW 
MUSIC. 


The  words  m^m  n¥3o?  at  the  head  of  Psalms 
iv.,  liv.,  lv.,  Ixvii.,  and  Ixxvi.,  are  rendered  in  the 
Septuagint  and  Vulgate  els  rb  reAoy,  infinem^  as  if 

they  had  read  H^7,  omitting  the  D  formative. 
The  Syriac  and  Arabic  versions  omit  this  su- 
perscription altogether,  from  ignorance  of  the 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


243 


musical  sense  of  the  words.  The  Chaldee  reads 
KJVJJn  ^y  NrafeA  "  to  be  sung  on  the  pipe."  The 
word  nSJDb  is  (from  n¥J,  to  overcome,  excel,  or 
accomplish)  a  performance,  and  Aquila  translates 
the  entire  title,  rtp  viKOTroiy  eV  i|/a\uo?s  ^eA^STjjtia  T<p 
Aau/5  ;  and  Jerome,  Victori  in  Canticis,  Psalmus 
David.  But  Symmachus,  eiuviiaos  Sia  vpuArTj^iW 
y5fy ;  and  Theodotius,  ets  rb  V!KOS  ev  V/J.VQIS,  who  must 
have  read  n¥Jp.  The  best  reading  is  that  of  the 
.present  text,  TOfiD?,  which  Jarchi,  Aben  Ezra, 
and  Kimchi  render  chief  singer,  or  leader  of  the 
band  (=.moderatorem  chori  musici),  as  appropriate 
for  a  psalm  to  be  sung  and  played  in  divine  ser- 
vice. Therefore  the  proper  translation  is,  "  For 
the  leading  performer  upon  the  neginoth."  The 
neginoth  appear  from  the  Greek  translations,  Sia 
$a\T-r)ptav  and  eV  ^aX/j.ols  ($d\\eiv  =  playing  on 
strings),  and  from  its  root,  pj,  to  strike,  to  be 
stringed  instruments,  struck  by  the  fingers  or 
hand. 

The  words  JWmn  btt  nVJD?  at  the  head  of 
Psalm  v.  (for  this  is  the  only  one  so  superscribed) 
should,  perhaps,  be  read  with  ^y  instead  of  ^&, 
meaning,  "  For  the  leading  performer  on  the  ne- 
hiloth."  The  nehiloth  appear  from  the  root  W>p|, 
to  bore  through,  and  in  Piel,  to  play  the  flute,  to  be 
the  same  instruments  as  the  nu-y  of  the  Arabs, 
similar  to  the  old  English  flute,  blown,  not  trans- 
versely as  the  German  flute,  but  at  the  end,  as 
the  oboe.  But  the  Septuagint,  Aquila,  Symma- 
chus, and  Theodotius  translate  virtp  njs  icXypovo- 
Hovatis :  and  hence  the  Vulgate  pro  ea,  quce  heredi- 
tatftm  consequitur ;  and  Jerome,  pro  hereditatibus. 
Suidas  explains  KX^povofjiovffa  by  €KK\r)<ria,  which  is 
the  sense  of  the  Syriac. 

Psalm  vi.  is  headed  JV^BfiJT!  ^  fll^m,  and 
Psalm  vi.  JVrO&y  i?y,  without  the  "neginoth;"  and 
the  "  sheminith "  is  also  mentioned  (Chron.  xv. 
21.).  The  Chaldee  and  Jarchi  translate  u  Harps 
of  eight  strings."  The  Septuagint,  Vulgate,  Aquila, 
and  Jerome,  inrep  rfjs  6y5or)s,  appear  also  to  have 
understood  an  instrument  of  eight  strings. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Birmingham, 


"  Garble"  —  MR.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY  has 
called  attention  to  a  growing  corruption  in  the 
use  of  the  word  "  eliminate,"  and  I  trust  he  may 
be  able  to  check  its  progress.  The  word  garble  has 
met  with  very  similar  usage,  but  the  corrupt 
meaning  is  now  the  only  one  in  which  it  is  ever 
used,  and  it  would  be  hopeless  to  try  and  restore 
it  to  its  original  sense. 

The  original  sense  of  "to  garble"  was  a  good 
one,  not  a  bad  one  ;  it  meant  a  selection  of  the 
good,  and  a  discarding  of  the  bad  parts  of  any- 


thing :  its  present  meaning  is  exactly  the  reverse 
of  tin's.  By  the  statute  1  Rich.  III.  c.  11.,  it  is 
provided  that  no  bow-staves  shall  be  sold  "  un- 
garbled:"  that  is  (as  Sir  E.  Coke  explains  it), 
until  the  good  and  sufficient  be  severed  from  the 
bad  and  insufficient.  By  statute  1  Jac.  I.  c.  19., 
a  penalty  is  imposed  on  the  sale  of  spices  and 
drugs  not  "garbled;"  and  an  officer  called  the 
garbler  of  spices  is  authorised  to  enter  shops,  and 
view  the  spices  and  drugs,  "  and  to  garble  and 
make  clean  the  same."  Coke  derives  the  word 
either  from  the  French  gather,  to  make  fine,  neat, 
clean  ;  or  from  cribler,  and  that  from  cribrare,  to 
sift,  &c.  (4  Inst.  264.) 

It  is  easy  to  see  how  the  corruption  of  this  word 
has  taken  place  ;  but  it  is  not  the  less  curious  to 
compare  the  opposite  meanings  given  to  it  at 
different  times.  E.  S.  T.  T. 

Deaths  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  1852-3. — In 
"  N".  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  488.,  appeared  a  com- 
munication on  the  great  longevity  of  persons  at 
Cleveland  in  Yorkshire.  I  send  you  for  com- 
parison a  statement  of  the  deaths  in  the  Society 
of  Friends  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  from  the 
year  1852  to  1853,  the  accuracy  of  which  may  be 
depended  on  ;  from  which  it  appears  that  one  in 
three  have  attained  from  70  to  100  years,  the 
average  being  about  74| ;  and  that  thirty-seven 
attain  from  80  to  90,  and  eight  from  90  to  100. 
It  would  be  useful  to  ascertain  to  what  the  lon- 
gevity of  the  inhabitants  of  Cleveland  may  be 
attributed,  whether  to  the  situation  where  they 
reside,  or  to  their  social  habits. 

The  total  number  of  the  Society  was  computed 
to  be  from  19,000  to  20,000,  showing  the  deaths 
to  be  rather  more  than  1£  per  cent,  per  annum. 
Great  numbers  are  total  abstainers  from  strong 
drink. 


Ages. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total 

Under  1  year 

13 

8 

21 

Under  5  years 

18 

13 

31 

From    5  to     10    - 

4 

2 

6 

,      10  to     15    - 

5 

6 

11 

,       15  to     20    - 

5 

3 

8 

,      20  to     30    - 

7 

10 

17 

,      30  to    40    - 

8 

8 

16 

,      40  to     50    - 

7 

14 

21 

,      50  to     60   - 

16 

14 

30 

,      60  to     70    - 

26 

34 

60 

,      70  to    80    - 

20 

46 

66 

,      80  to     90    - 

13 

24 

37 

,      90  to  100    - 

2 

6 

8 

All  ages 

144 

188 

332     I 

Plymouth. 


w.  c. 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


The  Eastern  Question.  —  The  following  extract 
from  Taller,  No.  155.,  April  6,  1710,  appears  re- 
markable, considering  the  events  of  the  present 
day : 

"  The  chief  politician  of  the  Bench  was  a  great 
assertor  of  paradoxes.  He  told  us,  with  a  seeming 
concern,  « that  by  some  news  he  had  lately  read  from 
Muscovy,  it  appeared  to  him  there  was  a  storm  gather- 
ing in  the  Black  Sea,  which  might  in  time  do  hurt  to 
the  naval  forces  of  this  nation.'  To  this  he  added, 
'that,  for  his  part,  he  could  not  wish  to  see  the  Turk 
driven  out  of  Europe,  which  he  believed  could  not  but 
be  prejudicial  to  our  woollen  manufacture.'  He  then 
told  us,  '  that  he  looked  upon  those  extraordinary  revo- 
lutions which  had  lately  happened  in  those  parts  of  the 
world,  to  have  risen  chiefly  from  two  persons  who  were 
not  much  talked  of;  and  those,'  says  he,  'are  Prince 
JVlenzicoff  and  the  Duchess  of  Mirandola.'  He  backed 
his  assertions  with  so  many  broken  hints,  and  such  a 
show  of  depth  and  wisdom,  that  we  gave  ourselves  up 
to  his  opinions." 

F.  B.  RELTON. 

Jonathan  Swift,  Dean  of  St.  Patrick's,  Dublin. — 
It  is  remarkable  (and  yet  it  has  not  been  noticed, 
I  believe,  by  his  biographers)  that  Dean  Swift  was 
suspended  from  his  degree  of  B.A.  in  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Dublin,  for  exciting  disturbances  within  the 
college,  and  insulting  the  junior  dean.  He  and 
another  were  sentenced  by  the  Board  to  ask  par- 
don publicly  of  the  junior  dean,  on  their  knees,  as 
having  offended  more  atrociously  than  the  rest. 
These  facts  afford  the  true  solution  of  Swift's  ani- 
mosity towards  the  University  of  Dublin,  and  ac- 
count for  his  determination  to  take  the  degree  of 
M.A.  at  Oxford ;  and  the  solution  receives  con- 
firmation from  this,  that  the  junior  dean,  for  in- 
sulting whom  he  was  punished,  was  the  same  Mr. 
Owen  Lloyd  (afterwards  professor  of  divinity  and 
Dean  of  Down)  whom  Swift  has  treated  with  so 
much  severity  in  his  account  of  Lord  Wharton. 

ABHBA. 

English  Literature.  —  Some  French  writer 
(Victor  Hugo,  I  believe)  has  said  that  English 
literature  consists  of  four  distinct  literatures, 
English,  American,  Scottish,  and  Irish,  each 
having  a  different  character.  Has  this  view  of 
our  literature  been  taken,  and  exhibited  in  all  its 
aspects,  by  any  English  writer ;  and  if  so,  b 
whom  ? 

Oxford. 

Irish  Legislation. — I  have  met  with  the  follow- 
ing statement :  is  it  to  be  received  as  true  ?  In 
May,  1784,  a  bill,  intended  to  limit  the  privilege 
of  franking,  was  sent  from  Ireland  for  the  royal 
sanction  ;  and  in  it  was  a  clause  enacting  that  any 
member  who,  from  illness  or  other  cause,  should 
be  unable  to  write,  might  authorise  some  other 
person  to  frank  for  him,  provided  that  on  the 
back  of  the  letter  so  franked  the  member  gave  at 


by 
.M. 


the  same  time,  under  his  hand,  a  full  certificate 
of  his  inability  to  write.  ABIIBA. 

Anecdote  of  George  IV.  and  the  Duke  of  York. — 
The  following  letter  was  written  in  a  boy's  round 
hand,  and  sent  with  some  China  cups  : 
Dear  Old  Mother  Batten, 

Prepare  a  junket  for  us,  as  Fred,  and  I  are 
coming  this  evening.  I  send  you  these  cups, 
which  we  have  stolen  from  the  old  woman  [the 
queen].  Don't  you  say  anything  about  it. 

GEORGE. 

The  above  was  found  in  the  bottom  of  one  of 
the  cups,  which  were  sold  for  five  guineas  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Nichols,  who  married  Mother  Batten. 
The  cups  are  now  in  possession  of  a  Mr.  Toby, 
No.  10.  York  Buildings,  St.  Sidwells,  Exeter. 

JULIA  K.  BOCKETT. 

Southcote  Lodge. 


Qutrtaf. 

ANONYMOUS  WORKS  I   "  POSTHUMOUS  PARODIES," 
"ADVENTURES  IN  THE  MOON,"  ETC. 

A  remote  correspondent  finds  all  help  to  fail 
him  from  bibliographers  and  cotemporary  re- 
viewers in  giving  any  clue  to  the  authorship  of 
the  works  described  below.  But  he  has  been 
conversant  enough  with  the  "  N.  &  Q."  to  per- 
ceive that  no  Query,  that  he  is  aware,  has  yet 
been  started  in  its  pages  involving  a  problem,  for 
which  somebody  among  its  readers  and  contri- 
butors has  not  proved  a  match.  Encouraged 
thereby,  he  tenders  the  three  following  titles,  in. 
the  full  faith  that  his  curiosity,  which  is  pretty 
strong,  will  not  have  been  transmitted  over  the 
waste  of  waters  but  to  good  result. 

1.  Posthumous  Parodies,  and  other  Pieces,  by 
several  of  our  most  celebrated  poets,  but  nofc 
before  published  in  any  former  edition  of  their 
works  :  John  Miller,  London,  12mo.,  1814.  This 
contains  some  twenty  imitations  or  over,  of  the 
more  celebrated  minor  poems,  all  of  a  political 
cast,  and  breathing  strongly  the  tone  of  the  anti- 
Jacobin  verse ;  executed  for  the  most  part,  and 
several  of  them  in  particular,  with  great  felicity. 
Among  that  sort  of  jeux  d"  esprit  they  hardly  take 
second  place  to  The  Knife  Grinder,  the  mention 
of  which  reminds  me  to  add  that  it  is  manifest 
enough,  from  half-a-dozen  places  in  the  volume^ 
that  Canning  is  the  "  magnus  Apollo  "  of  the  sa- 
tirist. The  final  piece  (in  which  the  writer  drops 
his  former  vein)  is  written  in  the  spirit  of  sad 
earnest,  in  odd  contrast  with  the  preceding 
facetice,  and  betokening,  in  some  lines,  a  disap- 
pointed man.  Yet,  strange  to  tell,  through  all 
the  range  of  British  criticism  of  that  year,  there 
is  an  utter  unconsciousness  of  its  existence. 
Whether  there  be  another  copy  on  this  side  the 
Atlantic,  besides  the  one  which  enables-  me  to 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


make  these  few  comments,  your  correspondent 
greatly  doubts.  One  living  person  there  is  on 
the  other  side,  it  is  believed,  who  could  throw 
light  on  this  question,  if  these  lines  should  be  so 
fortunate  as  to  meet  his  eye ;  since  he  is  referred 
to,  like  many  others,  by  initials  and  terminals,  if 
not  in  full  —  Mr.  John  Wilson  Croker. 

2.  Adventures  in  the  Moon  and  other  Worlds: 
Longman  &  Co.,  sin.  8vo.,  1836.     Of  this  work,  a 
friend  of  the  writer  (who  has  but  partially  read  it 
as  yet  himself),  of  keen  discernment,  says  :  "  It  is 
a  work  of  very  marked  character.     The  author  is 
an   uncommonly  skilful  and   practical  writer,   a 
philosophical  thinker,  and  a  scholar  familiar  with 
foreign  literature  and  wide  reaches  of  learning. 
He  has  great  ingenuity  and  fancy  withal ;  so  that 
he  is  at  the  same  time  exceedingly  amusing,  and 
suggestive  of  weighty  and  subtle  thoughts."     This, 
too,  is  neglected  by  all  the  reviews. 

3.  Lights,  Shadows,  and  Reflections   of  Whigs 
-and  Tories:  Lond.  12mo.,  1841.     This  is  a  retro- 
spective survey  of  the  several  administrations  of 
George  III.  from    1760    (his   accession)    to   the 
regency  in  1811  ;  evincing  much  political  insight, 
with  some  spirited  portraits,  and  indicative  both 
of  a  close  observation  of  public   measures   and 
events,  and  of  personal  connexion  or  intercourse 
•with  men  in  high  place.     There  is  a  notice  of  this 
in  the  London  Spectator  of  1841  (May  29th),  and 
in  the  old  Monthly  Review;  but  neither,  it  is  plain, 
had  the  author's  secret.  HARVARDIENSIS. 

Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  N.E. 

P.  S.  —  Two  articles  of  recent  time  in  the 
London  Quarterly  Review,  the  writer  would  fain 
trace  to  their  source  ;  "  The  Life  and  Correspond- 
ence of  Robert  Southey,"  edited  by  the  Rev. 
Charles  Cuthbert  Southey,  No.  175.  (1851),  and 
"Physiognomy,"  No.  179.  (1852),  having  three 
works  as  the  caption  of  the  article,  Sir  Charles 
Bell's  celebrated  work  being  one. 


BLIND    MACKEREL. 

Can  any  of  your  numerous  contributors,  who 
may  be  lovers  of  ichthyology,  inform  me  whether 
or  not  the  mackerel  is  blind  when  it  first  arrives 
on  our  coasts  ?  I  believe  it  to  be  blind,  and  for 
the  following  reasons:  —  A  few  years  ago,  while 
beating  up  channel  early  in  June,  on  our  home- 
ward-bound voyage  from  the  West  Indies,  some 
of  the  other  passengers  and  myself  were  endea- 
vouring to  kill  time  by  fishing  for  mackerel,  but 
without  success. 

When  the  pilot  came  on  board  and  saw  what 
we  were  about,  he  laughed  at  us,  and 'said,  "  Oh, 
gentlemen,  you  will  not  take  them  with  the  hook, 
because  the  fish  is  blind."  We  laughed  in  our 
tiarn,  thinking  he  took  us  for  flat-fish,  and  wished 
to  amuse  himself  at  our  expense.  Observing  this 


he  said,  "I  will  convince  you  that  it  is  so,"  and 
brought  from  his  boat  several  mackerel  he  had 
taken  by  net.  He  then  pointed  out  a  film  over 
the  eye,  which  he  said  prevented  the  fish  seeing 
when  it  first  made  our  coast,  and  explained  that 
this  film  gradually  disappeared,  and  that  towards 
the  middle  of  June  the  eye  was  perfectly  clear, 
and  that  the  fish  could  then  take  the  bait. 

I  have  watched  this  fish  for  some  years  past, 
and  have  invariably  observed  this  film  quite  over 
the  eye  in  the  early  part  of  the  mackerel  season, 
and  that  it  gradually  disappears  until  the  eye  is 
left  quite  clear.  This  film  appears  like  an  ill- 
cleared  piece  of  calf's-foot  jelly  spread  over  the 
eye,  but  does  not  strike  you  as  a  natural  part  of 
the  fish,  but  rather  as  something  extraneous.  I 
have  also  remarked  that  when  the  fish  is  boiled, 
that  this  patch  separates,  and  then  resembles  a 
piece  of  discoloured  white  of  egg.  This  film  may 
be  observed  by  any  one  who  takes  the  trouble  of 
looking  at  the  eye  of  the  mackerel. 

I  have  looked  into  every  book  on  natural  his- 
tory I  could  get  hold  of,  and  in  none  is  the 
slightest  notice  taken  of  this;  therefore  I  sup- 
pose my  conclusion  as  to  its  blindness  is  wrong ; 
but  I  do  not  consider  this  to  be  conclusive,  as  all 
we  can  learn  from  books  is,  '"'•Scomber  is  the  mac- 
kerel genus,  and  is  too  well  known  to  require 
description."  I  believe  less  is  known  about  fish 
than  any  other  animals;  and  should  you  think 
this  question  on  natural  history  worthy  a  place  in 
your  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  will  feel  obliged  by  your  giving 
it  insertion.  AN  ODD  FISH. 


Original  Words  of  old  Scotch  Airs.  —  Can  any 
one  tell  me  where  the  original  words  of  many  fine 
old  Scotch  airs  are  to  be  found  ?  The  wretched 
verses  of  Allan  Ramsay,  and  others  of  the  same 
school,  are  adapted  to  the  "  Yellow-haired  Laddie,'* 
"  Et  trick  Banks,"  "  The  Bush  aboon  Traquair," 
"  Mary  Scott,"  and  hundreds  of  others.  There 
must  exist  old  words  to  many  of  these  airs,  which 
at  least  will  possess  some  local  characteristics,  and 
be  a  blessed  change  from  the  "  nymphs "  and 
"  swains,"  the  "  Stephens  "  and  "  Lythias,"  which 
now  pollute  and  degrade  them.  Any  information 
on  this  subject  will  be  received  most  thankfully. 
I  particularly  wish  to  recover  some  old  words  to 
the  air  of  "  Mary  Scott."  The  only  verse  I  re- 
member is  this,  — 

"  Mary's  black,  and  Mary's  \fhite, 
Mary  is  the  king's  delight; 
The  king's  delight,  and  the  prince's  marrow, 
Mary  Scott,  the  Flower  of  Yarrow." 

L.  M.  M.  R. 

Royal  Salutes.  —  When  the  Queen  arrives  at 
any  time  in  Edinburgh  after  sunset,  it  has  been 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


remarked  that  the  Castle  guns  are  never  fired  in 
salute,  in  consequence,  it  is  said,  of  the  existence 
of  a  general  order  which  forbids  the  firing  of  sa- 
lutes after  sunset.  Is  there  such  an  order  in  ex- 
istence ?  I  would  farther  ask  why  twenty-one 
was  the  number  fixed  for  a  royal  salute  ?  S. 

"  The  Negro's  Complaint"  —  Who  was  the 
author  of  this  short  poem,  to  be  found  in  all  the 
earlier  collections  of  poetry  for  the  use  of  schools  ? 
It  begins  thus  : 

"  Wide  o'er  the  tremulous  sea, 

The  moon  spread  her  mantle  of  light ; 
And  the  gale  gently  dying  away, 

Breath'd  soft  on  the  bosom  of  night." 

HENRY  STEPHENS. 

"  The  Cow  Doctor."  —  Who  is  the  author  of 
the  following  piece  ? —  The  Cow  Doctor,  a  Comedy 
in  Three  Acts,  1810.  Dedicated  to  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Pennington,  Rector  of  Thorley,  Herts, 
and  Kingsdown,  Kent ;  author  of  Continental  Ex- 
cursions, &c. 

This  satire  is  addressed  to  the  Friends  of  Vac- 
cination.* S.  N. 

Soomarohoff' 's  "  Demetrius"  —  Who  translated 
the  following  drama  from  the  Russian  ? 

Demetrius,  a  Tragedy,  8vo.,  1806,  translated  by 
Eustaphiere.  This  piece,  which  is  a  translation 
from  a  tragedy  of  Soomarokoff,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  dramatic  authors  of  Russia,  is  said  to  be 
the  first  (and  I  think  it  is  still  the  only)  Russian 
drama  of  which  there  is  an  English  translation. 

S.K 

Polygamy.  —  1 .  Do  the  Jews  at  present,  in  any 
country,  practise  polygamy  ?  2.  If  not,  when 
and  why  was  that  practice  discontinued  among 
them  ?  3.  Is  there  any  religious  sect  which 
forbids  polygamy,  besides  the  Christians  (and 
the  Jews,  if  the  Jews  do  forbid  it)?  4.  Was 
Polygamy  permitted  among  the  early  Christians  ? 
Paul's  direction  to  Timothy,  that  a  bishop  should 
be  "  the  husband  of  one  wife,"  seems  to  show  that 
it  was  ;  though  I  am  aware  that  the  phrase  has 
.  been  interpreted  otherwise.  5.  On  what  ground 
has  polygamy  become  forbidden  among  Chris- 
tians ?  I  am  not  aware  that  it  is  directly  forbid- 
den by  Scripture.  STYLITES. 

[*  On  the  title-page  of  a  copy  of  this  comedy  now 
before  us  is  written^  "  With  the  author's  compliments 
to  Dr.  Lettsom  ; "  and  on  the  fly-leaf  occurs  the  follow- 
ing riddle  in  MS.  : 

"  Who  is  that  learned  man,  who  the  secret  disclos'd 
Of  a  book  that  was  printed  before  'twas  composed  ? 

Answer. 

He  is  harder  than  iron,  and  as  soft  as  a  snail, 

Has  the  head  of  a  viper,  and  a  file  in  his  tail." — En.] 


Irish,  Anglo-Saxon,  Longobardic,  and  Old  En- 
glish Letters. — I  would  be  glad  to  know  the 
earliest  date  in  which  the  Irish  language  has  been 
discovered  inscribed  on  stone  or  in  manuscript ; 
also  the  earliest  date  in  which  the  Anglo-Saxon, 
Longobardic,  and  Old  English  letter  has  been 
known  in  England  and  Ireland.  E.  F. 

Youghal. 

Description  of  Patties.  —  Judging  from  my  own 
experience,  historical  details  of  battles  are  com- 
paratively unintelligible  to  non-military  readers. 
Now  that,  unhappily,  we  shall  probably  be  com- 
pelled to  "  hear  of  battles,"  would  not  some  of  our 
enterprising  publishers  do  well  to  furnish  to  the 
readers  of  history  and  of  the  bulletins,  a  popular 
"  Guide  to  the  Battle  Field,"  drawn  up  by  some 
talented  military  officer  ?  It  must  contain  de- 
monstratively clear  diagrams,  and  such  explan- 
ations of  all  that  needs  to  be  known,  as  an  officer 
would  give,  on  the  spot,  to  his  nonprofessional 
friend.  The  effects  of  eminences,  rivers,  roads, 
woods,  marshes,  &c.,  should  be  made  plain;  in 
short,  nothing  should  be  omitted  which  is  neces- 
sary to  render  an  account  of  a  battle  intelligible 
to  ordinary  readers,  instead  of  being,  as  is  too 
often  the  case,  a  mere  chaotic  assemblage  of  words. 
THINKS  I  TO  MYSELF. 

Do  Martyrs  always  feel  Pain  ? — Is  it  not  pos- 
sible that  an  exalted  state  of  feeling — approaching 
perhaps  to  the  mesmeric  state — may  be  attained, 
which  will  render  the  religious  or  political  martyr 
insensible  to  pain  ?  It  would  be  agreeable  to  think 
that  the  pangs  of  martyrdom  were  ever  thus  al- 
leviated. It  is  certainly  possible,  by  a  strong 
mental  effort,  to  keep  pain  in  subjection  during 
a  dental  operation.  A  firmly  fixed  tooth,  under  & 
bungling  operator,  may  be  wrenched  from  the  jaw 
without  pain  to  the  patient,  if  he  will  only  deter- 
mine not  to  feel.  At  least,  I  know  of  one  such 
case,  and  that  the  effort  was  very  exhausting.  In 
the  excitement  of  battle,  wounds  are  often  not 
felt.  One  would  be  glad  to  hope  that  Joan  of 
Arc  was  insensible  to  the  flames  which  consumed 
her  :  and  that  the  recovered  nerve  which  enabled 
Cranmer  to  submit  his  right  hand  to  the  fire, 
raised  him  above  suffering.  ALFRED  G  ATTY. 

Carronade. — What  is  the  derivation  of  the  term 
carronade,  applied  to  pieces  of  ordnance  shorter 
and  thicker  in  the  chamber  than  usual  ?  Here 
the  idea  is  that  they  took  their  name  from  the 
Carron  foundries,  where  they  were  cast.  In  the 
early  years  of  the  old  war-time,  there  were  carron 
pieces  or  carron  guns,  and  only  some  considerable 
time  thereafter  carronades.  How  does  this  stand? 
and  is  there  any  likelihood  of  the  folk  story  being 
true?  C.  D.  LAMONT. 

Greenock. 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


247 


Darcy,  of  Flatten,  co.  Meafh.  —  It  is  on  record 
that,  in  the  year  1486,  the  citizens  of  Dublin,  en- 
couraged by  the  Earl  of  Kildare  and  the  Arch- 
bishop, received  Lambert  Simnel,  and  actually 
crowned  him  King  of  England  and  Ireland  in 
Christ's  Church  ;  and  that  to  make  the  solemnity 
more  imposing,  they  not  only  borrowed  a  crown 
for  the  occasion  from  the  head  of  the  image  of  the 
Virgin  that  stood  in  the  church  dedicated  to  her 
service  at  Dame's  Gate,  but  carried  the  young 
impostor  on  the  shoulders  of  "  a  monstrous  man, 
one  Darcy,  of  Flatten,  in  the  county  of  Meath." 

Did  this  "  monstrous  man "  leave  any  de- 
scendants ?  And  if  so,  is  there  any  representative, 
and  where,  at  the  present  day  ?  Flatten  has  long 
since  passed  into  other  hands.  ABHBA. 

Dorset.  — In  Byrom's  MS.  Journal,  about  to  be 
printed  for  the  Chetham  Society,  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing entry  : 

"May  18,  1725.  I  found  the  effect  of  last  night 
drinking  that  foolish  Dorset,  which  was  pleasant 
enough,  but  did  not  at  all  agree  with  me,  for  it  made 
me  very  stupid  all  day." 

Query,  What  is  Dorset  ?  R.  P. 

"  Vanitatem  observare."  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  explain  the  following  extract  from  the 
Council  of  Ancyra,  A.D.  314?  I  quote  from  a 
Latin  translation  : 

"  Mulieribus  quoque  Christianis  non  liceat  in  suis 
lanificiis  vanitatem  observare ;  sed  Deum  invocent  ad- 
jutorem,  qui  eis  sapientiam  texendi  donavit." 

What  is  meant  by  "  vanitatem  observare  ?  " 

R.  H.  G. 

King's  Prerogative.  — •  A  writer  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Review,  vol.  Ixxiv.  p.  77.,  asserts,  on  the  au- 
thority of  Blackstone  (but  he  does  not  refer  to 
the  volume  and  page  of  the  Commentaries,  and  I 
have  in  vain  sought  for  the  passages),  that  it  is  to 
this  day  a  branch  of  the  king's  prerogative,  at  the 
death  of  every  bishop,  to  have  his  kennel  of  hounds, 
or  a  compensation  in  lieu  of  it.  Does  the  writer 
mean,  and  is  it  the  fact,  that  if  a  bishop  die  with- 
out having  a  kennel  of  hounds,  his  executors  are 
to  pay  the  king  a  compensation  in  lieu  thereof? 
And  if  it  is,  what  is  the  amount  of  that  com- 
pensation ?  Is  it  merely  nominal  ?  I  can  under- 
stand the  king  claiming  a  bishop's  kennel  of 
hounds  or  compensation  in  feudal  times,  when 
bishops  were  hunters  (vide  Raine's  Auckland 
Castle,  a  work  of  great  merit,  and  abounding  with 
much  curious  information);  but  to  say,  to  this  day 
it  is  a  branch  of  the  king's  prerogative,  is  an  insult 
alike  to  our  bishops  and  to  religious  practices  in 
the  nineteenth  century.  Of  hunting  bishops  in 
feudal  times,  I  beg  to  refer  your  readers,  in  ad- 
dition to  Mr.  Raine's  work,  to  an  article  in  the 
fifty-eighth  volume  of  the  Quarterly  Review, 


p.  433.,  for  an  extract  from  a  letter  of  Feter  of 
Blois  to  Walter,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  who  at  the 
age  of  eighty  was  a  great  hunter.  Peter  was 
shocked  at  his  lordship's  indulgence  in  so  un- 
clerical  a  sport.  It  is  obvious  neither  Feter  nor 
the  Pope  could  have  heard  of  the  hunting  Bishops 
of  Durham.  FRA.  MEWBT^JST. 

Quotations  in  Cowper.  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents indicate  the  sources  of  the  following 
quotations,  which  occur  in  Cowper's  Letters 
(Hayley's  Life  and  Letters  of  Cowper,  4  vols., 
1812)  ?  In  vol.  iii.  p.  278.  the  following  verses, 
referring  to  the  Atonement,  are  cited  : 

"  Tou  8e  Ka0'  aljua  p/  ev  Kal  ao\  Kal  efj.ol  nal 
,  O.VTOV 


In  vol.  iv.  p.  240.  it  is  stated  that  Twining  ap- 
plied to  Pope's  translation  of  Homer  the  Latin 
verse  — 


"  Perfida,  sed  quamvis  perfida,  cara  tamen." 


L. 


Cawley  the  Regicide.  —  Mr.  Waylen,  in  his 
History  of  Marlborough,  just  published,  shows 
that  Cawley  of  Chichester,  the  regicide,  has  in 
Burke's  Commoners  been  confounded  with  Cawley 
of  Burderop,  in  Wiltshire  ;  and  he  adds,  "  the  fact 
that  a  son  of  the  real  regicide  (the  Rev.  John 
Cawley)  became  a  rector  of  the  neighbouring 
parish  of  Didcot,"  &c.  has  helped  to  confound  the 
families.  May  I  ask  what  is  the  authority  for 
stating  that  the  Rev.  J.  Cawley  was  a  son  of  the 
regicide  ?  C.  T.  R. 


Dr.  John  Pocldington. — Can  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents oblige  me  with  information  respecting 
the  family,  or  the  armorial  bearings  of  Dr.  John 
Pocklington  ?  He  wrote  Altare  Christianum  and 
Sunday  no  Sabbath.  The  parliament  deprived  him 
of  his  dignities  A.D.  1640 ;  and  he  died  Nov.  14, 
1642.  Dr.  Pocklington  descended  from  Ralph 
Pocklington,  who,  with  his  brother  Roger,  fol- 
lowed Margaret  of  Anjou  after  the  battle  of 
Wakefield,  A.D.  1460.  He  is  said  to  have  settled 
in  the  west,  where  he  lived  to  have  three  sons. 
The  family  is  mentioned  in  connexion  with  the 
county  of  York,  as  early  as  A.D.  1253.  X.  Y.  Z. 

[John  Pocklington  was  first  a  scholar  at  Sidney 
Sussex  College,  B.  D.  in  1621,  and  afterwards  a  Fel- 
low of  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge.  He  subsequently 
became  Rector  of  Yelden  in  Bedfordshire,  Vicar  of 
Waresley  in  Huntingdonshire,  prebend  of  Lincoln, 
Peterborough,  and  Windsor ;  and  was  also  one  of  the 
chaplains  to  Charles  I.  "On  the  15th  May,  161 1, 
the  Earl  of  Kent,  with  consent  of  Lord  Harington, 
wrote  to  Sidney  College  to  dispense  with  Mr.  Pock- 
lington's  holding  a  small  living  with  cure  of  souls. 


•248 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


See  the  original  letter  in  the  college  treasury,  box  1  or 
!6."  (Cole's  MSS.,  vol.  xlvi.  p.  207.).  Among 'the  King's 
Pamphlets  in  the  British  Museum  is  "  The  Petition 
and  Articles  exhibited  in  Parliament  against  John 
Pocklington,  D.  D.,  Parson  of  Yelden,  in  Bedfordshire, 
anno  1641."  The  petition  "humbly  shevveth,  That 
John  Pocklington,  D. D.,  Rector  of  the  parish  of 
Yelden  in  the  county  of  Bedford,  Vicar  of  Waresley  in 
the  county  of  Huntingdon,  Prebend  of  Lincoln,  Peter- 
borough, and  Windsor,  hath  been  a  chief  author  and 
ringleader  in  all  those  innovations  which  have  of  late 
flowed  into  the  Church  of  England."  The  Articles 
'exhibited  (too  long  to  quote)  are  singularly  illustrative 
-of  the  ecclesiastical  usages  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I., 
and  would  make  a  curious  appendix  to  the  RKV.  H.  T. 
ELLACOMBE'S  article  at  p.  257.  of  the  present  Number. 
Having  rendered  himself  obnoxious  to  the  popular 
faction  by  the  publication  of  his  Altare  Ckristianum  and 
Sunday  no  Sabbath,  the  parliament  that  met  on  Nov.  3, 
1640,  ordered  these  two  works  to  be  burnt  by  the  com- 
mon hangman  in  both  the  Universities,  and  in  the 
city  of  London.  He  died  on  November  14,  and  was 
buried  Nov.  16,  1642,  in  the  churchyard  of  Peter- 
borough Cathedral.  On  his  monumental  slab  is  the 
following  inscription:  "John  Pocklington,  S.S.  Theo- 
-logia  Doctor,  obiit  Nov.  14,  1642."  A  copy  of  his 
-will  is  in  the  British  Museum  (Lansdown,  990,  p.  74. ). 
It  is  dated  Sept.  6,  1642 ;  and  in  it  bequests  are  made 
•to  his  daughters  Margaret  and  Elizabeth,  and  his  sons 
John  and  Oliver.  His  wife  Anne  was  made  sole  exe- 
cutrix. He  orders  his  body  "  to  be  buried  in  Monk's 
churchyard,  at  the  foot  of  those  monks  martyrs  whose 
monument  is  well  known  :  let  there  be  a  fair  stone 
with  a  great  crossc  cut  upon  it  laid  on  my  grave."  For 
notices  of  Dr.  Pocklington,  see  Willis's  Survey  of 
Cathedrals,  vol.  iii.  p.  521.  ;  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the 
Clergy,  Part  II.  p.  95.  ;  and  Fuller's  Church  History, 
book  xi.  cent.  xvii.  sect.  30 — 33.] 

Last  Marquis  of  Annandale. —  1.  When  and 
where  did  he  die  ?  2.  Any  particulars  regarding 
his  history  ?  3.  When  and  why  was  Lochwood, 
the  family  residence,  abandoned  ?  4.  How  many 
marquisses  were  there,  and  were  any  of  them  men 
of  any  note  in  their  day  and  generation  ? 

ANNANDALE. 

[The  first  marquis  "was  William  Johnstone,  third 
Earl  of  Annandale  and  Hartfell,  who  was  advanced 
4th  June.  1701,  to  the  Marquisate  of  Annandale.  He 
died  at  Bath,  14th  January,  1721,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  James,  who  died  21st  February,  1730. 
George,  his  half-brother,  born  29th  May,  1720,  was 
the  third  and  last  Marquis  of  Annandale.  An  inquest 
from  the  Court  of  Chancery,  5th  March,  1748,  found 
this  marquis  a  lunatic,  and  incapable  of  "governing 
himself  and  his  estate,  and  that  he  had  been  so  from 
the  12th  December,  1744.  He  died  at  Turnham 
Green  on  the  29th  April,  1792,  in  the  seventy-second 
year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried  at  Chiswick,  7th  May 
following.  (Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1792,  p.  481.)  Since 
his  decease  the  honours  of  the  house  of  Annandale 
have  remained  dormant,  although  they  have  been 
claimed  by  several  branches  of  the  family.  (Burke's 


Extinct  Peerages.}  Before  the  union  of  the  two 
crowns  the  Johnstones  were  frequently  wardens  of  the 
west  borders,  and  were  held  in  enthusiastic  admiration 
for  their  exploits  against  the  English,  the  Douglasses, 
and  other  borderers.  During  the  wars  between  the 
two  nations,  they  effectually  suppressed  the  plunderers 
on  the  borders  ;  hence  their  device,  a  winged  spur,  and 
their  motto,  "  Alight  thieves  all,"  to  denote  their  au- 
thority in  commanding  them  to  surrender.  Loch- 
wood,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Marquisses  of  Annandale, 
was  inhabited  till  1724,  three  years  after  the  death  of 
the  first  marquis,  when  it  was  finally  abandoned  by 
the  family,  and  suffered  gradually  to  fall  into  decay. 
In  The  New  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  vol.  iv. 
p.  1 12.,  we  read  "  that  the  principal  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Moffat  has  descended  to  Mr.  Hope  Johnstone  of 
Annandale,  to  whom  it  is  believed  the  titles  also,  in  so 
far  as  claimed,  of  right  belong,  and  whose  restoration 
to  the  dormant  honours  of  the  family  would  afford 
universal  satisfaction  in  this  part  of  Scotland  ;  because 
it  is  the  general  feeling  that  he  has  a  right  to  them, 
and  that  in  his  family  they  would  not  only  be  sup- 
ported, but  graced."  Some  farther  particulars  of  the 
three  marquisses  will  be  found  in  Douglass'  Peerage  of 
Scotland  (by  Wood),  vol.  i.  p.  75.,  and  in  The  Scots 
Compendium,  edit.  1764,  p.  151.] 

Heralds'  College.  —  Richard  III.  incorporated 
the  College  of  j^rms  in  1483,  and  that  body  con- 
sisted ^of  three  kings  of  arms,  six  heralds,  and  four 
pursuivants.  Can  you  inform  me  of  the  names  of 
these  first  members  of  that  Heraldic  body  ? 

ESCUTCHEON. 

Vicarage. 

[Mark  Noble,  in  his  History  of  the  College  of  Arms, 
p.  57.,  remarks,  "  There  is  nothing  more  difficult  than 
to  obtain  a  true  and  authentic  series  of  the  heralds, 
previous  to  the  foundation  of  the  College  of  Arms,  or, 
to  speak  more  properly,  the  incorporation  of  that  body. 
Mr.  Lant,  Mr.  Anstis,  Mr.  Edmondson,  and  other 
gentlemen,  who  had  the  best  opportunities,  and  whose 
industry  was  equal  to  _their  advantage,  have  not  been 
able  to  accomplish  it ;  and  from  that  time,  especially 
in  Richard's  reign,  it  is  not  practicable.  Some  idea 
may  be  formed  of  the  heraldic  body  at  the  commence- 
ment of  this  reign,  by  observing  the  names  of  those 
who  attended  the  funeral  of  Edward  IV.  Sandford 
and  other  writers  mention  Garter,  Clarenceux,  Nor- 
roy,  March,  and  Ireland,  kings  at  arms ;  Chester,  Lei- 
cester, Gloucester,  and  Buckingham,  heralds  ;  and 
Rouge-Croix,  Rose-Blanch,  Calais,  Guisnes,  and  Har- 
rington, pursuivants."^ 

Teddy  the  Tiler. —Who  was  Teddy  the  Tiler  ? 

W.  P.  E. 

[This  is  a  fire-and- water  farce,  taken  from  the 
French  by  G.  Herbert  Rodwell,  Esq.,  ending  with 
one  element  and  beginning  with  the  other.  Mr. 
Power's  performance  of  Teddy,  as  many  of  our  readers 
will  remember,  kept  the  audience  in  one  broad  grin 
from  beginning  to  end.  It  will  be  found  in  Cumber- 
land's British  Theatre,  vol.  xxv.,  with  remarks,  biogra- 
phical and  critical.] 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


249 


Duchess  of  Mazarin  s  Monument.  —  I  read  yes- 
terday, in  an  interesting  French  work,  that  the 
"beautiful  Hortense  Mancini,  a  niece  of  Mazarin, 
and  sister  to  Mary  Mancini,  the  early  love  of 
Louis  XIV.,  after  various  peregrinations,  died  at 
Chelsea,  in  England,  on  July  2,  1699.  Although 
not  an  important  question,  I  think  I  may  venture 
to  ask  whether  any  monument  or  memorial  of 
this  remarkable  beauty  exists  at  Chelsea,  or  in  its 
neighbourhood  ?  W.  ROBSON. 

[Neither  Faulkner  nor  Lysons  notices  any  monu- 
mental memorial  to  the  Duchess  of  Mazarin,  whose 
finances  after  the  death  of  Charles  II.  (who  allowed 
her  a  pension  of  4,000/.  per  annum)  were  very  slender, 
so  much  so  that,  according  to  Lysons,  it  was  usual  for 
the  nobility  and  others,  who  dined  at  her  house,  to 
leave  money  under  the  plates  to  pay  for  their  enter- 
tainment. She  appears  to  have  been  in  arrear  for  the 
parish  rates  during  the  whole  time  of  her  residence  at 
Chelsea.] 

Halcyon  Days.  —  What  is  the  derivation  of 
"  halcyon  days  ?  "  W.  P.  E. 

[The  halcyon,  or  king's  fisher,  a  bird  said  to  breed 
in  the  sea,  and  that  there  is  always  a  calm  during  her 
incubation  ;  hence  the  adjective  figuratively  signifies 
placid,  quiet,  still,  peaceful :  as  Dryden  says,  — 

"  Amidst  our  arms  as  quiet  you  shall  be, 
As  halcyons  brooding  on  a  winter's  sea." 

"  The  halcyon,"  says  Willsford,  in  his  Nature's  Secrets, 
p.  134.,  "  at  the  time  of  breeding,  which  is  about  four- 
teen days  before  the  winter  solstice,  foreshews  a  quiet 
and  tranquil  time,  as  it  is  observed  about  the  coast  of 
Sicily,  from  whence  the  proverb  is  transported,  the 
halcyon  days."] 


DOGS    IN   MONUMENTAL   BRASSES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  126.) 

I  may  refer  MR.  B.  H.  ALFORD  to  the  Oxford 
Manual  of  Monumental  Brasses,  p.  56.,  for  an  an- 
swer to  his  Query  : 

"  Knights  have  no  peculiar  devices  besides  their 
arms,  unless  we  are  to  consider  the  lions  and  dogs  be- 
neath their  feet  as  emblematical  of  the  virtues  of 
courage,  generosity,  and  fidelity,  indispensable  to  their 
profession.  One  or  two  dogs  are  often  at  the  feet  of 
the  lady.  They  are  probably  intended  for  some  fa- 
vourite animal,  as  the  name  is  occasionally  inscribed," 
&c. 

Neither  dog  nor  lion  occurs  at  the  feet  of  the 
following  knights  represented  on  brasses  prior  to 
1460: 

"c.  1450.   Sir  John  Peryent,  Jun.,  Digswell,  Herts. 

(engd.  Boutell.) 

1455.  John  Daundelyon,  Esq.,  Margate,  (ditto.) 
c.  1360.    William    de     Aldeburgh,     Aldborough, 

Yorkshire,  (engd.  Mamial) 


c.  1380.  Sir  Edward  Cerue,  Draycot  Cerue,  Wilt- 
shire, (eng.  Boutell.) 

1413.  c.  1420.  John  Cressy,  Esq  ,  Dodford, 
Northants.  (ditto.) 

1445.  Thomas  de  St.  Quintin,  Esq.,  Harpham, 
Yorkshire,  (ditto.)  " 

Whilst  a  dog  is  seen  in  the  following  : 

"  1462.  Sir  Thomas  Grene,  Green's  Norton,  North- 
ants,  (ditto.) 

1510.  John  Leventhorpe,  Esq.,  St.  Helen's,  Bi- 
shopsgate.  (JfanwaZ.) 

1471.  Wife  of  Thomas  Colte,  Esq.,  Roydon, 
Essex. 

c.  1480.    Brass  at  Grendon,  Northants. 

c.  1485.   Brass,  Latton,  Essex. 

1501.   Robert  Baynard,  Esq.,  Laycock,  Wilts." 

These  examples  are  described  or  engraved  in 
the  works  of  the  Rev.  C.  Boutell,  or  in  the  Oxford 
Manual,  and  I  have  little  doubt  that  my  own. 
collection  of  rubbings  (if  I  had  leisure  to  examine 
it)  would  supply  other  examples  under  both  of 
these  sections.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 

It  is  usually  asserted  that  the  dog  appears  at 
the  feet  of  the  lady  in  monumental  brasses  as  a 
symbol  of  fidelity  ;  while  the  lion  accompanies  her 
lord  as  the  emblem  of  strength  and  courage. 
These  distinctions,  however,  do  not  appear  to  have 
been  much  attended  to.  The  dog,  in  most  cases 
a  greyhound,  very  frequently  appears  at  the  feet 
of  a  knight  or  civilian,  as  on  the  brasses  of  the 
Earl  of  Warwick,  1401,  Sir  John  Falstolf  at 
Oulton,  1445,  Sir  John  Leventhorpe  at  Saw- 
bridgeworth,  1433,  Sir  Reginald  de  Cobham  at 
Lingfield,  1403,  Richard  Purdaunce,  Mayor  of 
Norwich,  1436,  and  Peter  Halle,  Esquire,  at 
Herne,  Kent,  1420.  Sir  John  Botiler,  at  St. 
Bride's,  Glamorganshire,  1285,  has  a  dragon;  and 
on  the  brass  of  Alan  Fleming,  at  Newark,  1361, 
appears  a  lion  with  a  human  face  seizing  a  smaller 
lion.  On  a  very  late  brass  of  Sir  Edward  Warner, 
at  Little  Plumstead,  Norfolk,  1565,  appears  a 
greyhound ;  a  full  century  after  the  date  assigned 
by  B.  H.  ALFORD  for  the  cessation  of  these  sym- 
bolical figures. 

Sometimes  the  lady  has  two  little  dogs,  as  Lady 
Bagot,  at  Baginton,  Warwickshire,  1407 ;  and  in 
one  instance,  that  of  Lady  Peryent,  at  Digswell, 
Herts,  1415,  there  is  a  hedgehog,  the  meaning  of 
which  is  sufficiently  obvious.  B.  H.  ALFORD,  in 
noticing  the  omission  of  the  dog  in  the  brass  of 
Lady  Camoys,  at  Trotton,  1424,  has  not  men- 
tioned a  singular  substitute  which  is  found  for  it, 
namely,  the  figure  of  a  boy  or  young  man,  stand- 
ing by  the  lady's  right  foot :  but  what  this  means 
I  cannot  attempt  to  determine ;  perhaps  her  only 
son. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  add  that  some  brasses 
of  ecclesiastics  exhibit  strange  figures,  not  easy  to 
interpret,  if  meant  as  symbolical.  The  brass  at 


250 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  229. 


Oulton,  of  the  priest  de  Bacon,  1310,  has  a 

lion  ;  that  of  the  Abbot  Delamere,  at  St.  Albans, 
1375,  two  dragons;  that  of  a  priest  at  North 
Minims,  about  1360,  a  stag;  and,  still  more  ex- 
traordinary, that  of  Laurence  Seymour,  a  priest, 
at  Higham  Ferrers,  1337,  two  dogs  contending 
for  a  bone.  F.  C.  H. 


SNEEZING. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  366.  624. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  63.) 

I  can  add  another  item  of  the  folk  lore  to  those 
already  quoted.  One  of  the  salutations,  by  which 
a  sneezer  is  greeted  amongst  the  lower  class  of 
Romans  at  the  present  day,  is  Figli  maschi,  "  May 
you  have  male  children  ! " 

The  best  essay  on  sneezing,  that  I  am  acquainted 
with,  is  to  be  found  in  Strada's  Prolusions,  book  iii. 
Prol.  4.,  in  which  he  replies  at  some  length,  and 
not  unamusingly,  to  the  Query,  "Why  are  sneezers 
saluted  ? "  It  seems  to  have  arisen  out  of  an 
occurrence  which  had  recently  taken  place  at 
Rome,  that  a  certain  Pistor  Suburranus,  after 
having  sneezed  twenty-three  times  consecutively, 
had  expired  at  the  twenty-fourth  sneeze  :  and  his 
object  is  to  prove  that  Sigonius  was  mistaken  in 
supposing  that  the  custom  of  saluting  a  sneezer 
had  only  dated  from  the  days  of  Gregory  the 
Great,  when  many  had  died  of  the  plague  in  the 
act  of  sneezing.  In  opposition  to  this  notion,  he 
adduces  passages  from  Apuleius  and  Petronius 
Arbiter,  besides  those  from  Ammianus,  Athe- 
naeus,  Aristotle,  and  Homer,  already  quoted  in 
your  pages  by  MR.  F.  J.  SCOTT.  He  then  pro- 
ceeds to  give  five  causes  from  which  the  custom 
may^have  sprung,  and  classifies  them  as  religious, 
medical,  facetious,  poetical,  and  augural. 

Under  the  first  head,  he  argues  that  the  salu- 
tation given  to  sneezers  is  not  a  mere  expression 
of  good  wishes,  but  a  kind  of  veneration  :  "  for," 
says  he,  "  we  rise  to  a  person  sneezing,  and  hum- 
bly uncover  our  heads,  and  deal  reverently  with 
him."  In  proof  of  this  position,  he  tells  us  that 
in  Ethiopia,  when  the  emperor  sneezed,  the  salu- 
tations of  his  adoring  gentlemen  of  the  privy 
chamber  were  so  loudly  uttered  as  to  be  heard 
'and  re-echoed  by  the  whole  of  his  court;  and 
thence  repeated  in  the  streets,  so  that  the  whole 
city  was  in  simultaneous  commotion. 
_  The  other  heads  are  then  pursued  with  con- 
siderable learning,  and  some  humour  ;  and,  under 
the  last,  he  refers  us  to  St.  Augustin,  De  Doctr. 
Christ,  ii.  20.,  as  recording  that  — 
fl  When  the  ancients  were  getting  up  in  the  morning, 
if  they  chanced  to  sneeze  whilst  putting  on  their  shoes, 
they  immediately  went  back  to  bed  again,  in  order 
that  they  might  get  up  more  auspiciously,  and  escape 
the  misfortunes  which  were  likely  to  occur  on  that 
day." 


One  almost  wishes  that  people  now-a-days  would 
sometimes  consent  to  follow  their  example,  when 
they  have  "  got  out  of  bed  the  wrong  way." 

C.  W.  BlNGHAM. 


SIR    JOHN   DE    MOEANT. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  56.) 

In  answer  to  the  Query  of  H.  H.  M.,  I  beg  to 
state  that  the  Sir  John  de  Morant  chronicled  by 
Froissart  was  Jean  de  Morant,  Chevalier,  Seigneur 
d'Escours,  and  other  lordships  in  Normandy.  He 
was  fourth  in  descent  from  Etienne  de  Morant, 
Chevalier,  living  A.D.  1245,  and  son  of  Etienne  de 
Morant  and  his  wife  Marie  de  Pettier.  His  pos- 
terity branched  off"  into  many  noble  Houses  ;  as 
the  Marquis  de  Morant,  and  Mesnil- Gamier,  the 
Count  de  Panzes,  the  Barons  of  Fontenay,  Ru- 
pierre,  Bieville,  Coulonces,  the  Seigneurs  de  Cour- 
seulles,  Brequigny,  &c. 

The  Sire  Jean  de  Morant,  born  A.D.  1346,  was 
the  hero  of  the  following  adventure,  quoted  from 
an  ancient  chronicle  of  Brittany,  by  Chesnaye- 
Desbois.  It  appears  that  the  Sire  de  Morant  was 
one  of  five  French  knights,  who  fought  a  combat 
a  Voutrance  against  an  equal  number  of  English 
challengers,  with  the  sanction,  and  in  the  pre- 
sence, of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster, 
A.D.  1381-2.  The  result  was  in  favour  of  the 
French.  The  chronicle  proceeds  : 

"  Le  Sire  de  Morant  s'etant  principalement  distingue 
dans  cette  action,  un  Chevalier  Anglois  lui  proposa 
de  venger,  tete-a-tete,  la  defaite  de  ses  compatriotes, 
et  qu'ils  en  vinrent  aux  mains  ;  mais  que  1' Anglois, 
qu'une  indisposition  aux  genouils  avoit  forcd  de  com- 
battre  sans  bottes  garnies,  avoit  engage  son  adversaire 
de  quitter  les  siennes,  en  promettant,  parole  d'honneur, 
de  ne  point  abuser  de  cette  condescendance,  a  quoi  le 
Sire  de  Morant  consentit:  le  perfide  Anglois  ne  lui 
tint  pas  parole,  et  lui  porta  trois  coups  d'epee  dans  la 
jambe.  Le  Due  de  Lancastre,  qui  en  fut  temoin,  fit 
arreter  ce  lache,  et  le  fit  mettre  entre  les  mains  du  Sire 
de  Morant,  pour  tirer  telle  vengeance  qu'il  jugeroit  a 
propos,  ou  du  moins  le  contraindre  a  lui  payer  une 
forte  rai^on.  Le  Seigneur  de  Morant  remercia  ce 
Prince,  en  lui  disant  '  qu'il  etoit  venu  de  Bretagne 
non  pour  de  Tor,  mais  pour  1'honneur,'  et  le  supplia  de 
recevoir  en  grace  1' Anglois,  attribuant  a  son  peu  d'a- 
dresse  ce  qui  n'etoit  que  PefFet  de  sa  trahison.  Le  Due 
de  Lancastre,  charme  d'une  si  belle  reponse,  lui  envoya 
une  coupe  d'or  et  une  somme  considerable.  Morant 
refusa  la  somme,  et  se  contenta  de  la  coupe  d'or,  par 
respect  pour  le  Prince." 

There  is  a  short  account  of  the  branch  of  Mo- 
rant de  Mesnil- Gamier  in  the  Genealogie  de 
France,  by  Le  Pere  Anselme,  vol.  ix. ;  but  a  very 
full  and  complete  pedigree  is  contained  in  the 
eighth  volume  of  the  Diet,  de  la  Noblesse  Franqaise, 
by  M.  de  la  Chesnaye-Desbois. 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


As  the  Rev.  Philip  Morant  was  a  native  of 
Jersey,  it  is  more  than  probable  that  he  was  an 
offset  of  the  ancient  Norman  stock,  though  their 
armorial  bearings  are  widely  different.  The  latter 
bore,  Azure,  three  cormorants  argent ;  but  the 
family  of  Astle,  of  Colne  Park  in  Essex,  are  said 
to  quarter  for  Morant,  Gules,  on  a  chevron  argent, 
three  talbots  passant  sable. 

Having  only  a  daughter  and  heiress,  married 
to  Thomas  Astle,  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the 
Tower  of  London,  the  reverend  historian  of  Essex 
could  hardly  have  been  the  ancestor  of  the  Mo- 
rants  of  Brockenhurst. 

There  was  also  another  family  in  Normandy, 
named  Morant  de  Bois-ricard,  in  no  way  con- 
nected with  the  first,  who  bore  Gules,  a  bend 
ermine.  JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 

Malta. 


INN    SIGNS. 

'    (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.) 

ALPHEGE  will  find  a  good  paper  on  the  origin 
of  signs  in  the  Mirror,  vol.  ii.  p.  387. ;  also  an 
article  on  the  present  specimens  of  country  ale- 
house signs,  in  the  first  volume  of  the  same  in- 
teresting periodical,  p.  101.  In  Hone's  Every- 
Day  Book,  vol.  i.,  are  notices  of  curious  signs  at 
pp.  1262.  and  1385.  In  vol.  ii.  some  very  amusing 
specimens  are  given  at  p.  789.  Others  occur  in 
Hone's  Table-Book,  at  pp.  448.  504.  and  756. 

F.  C.  H. 

I  can  answer  ALPHEGE'S  Query,  having  some 
notes  by  me  on  the  subject.  He  will  pardon  my 
throwing  them,  in  a  shapeless  heap,  jolting  out  as 
you  unload  stones. 

The  Romans  had  signs  ;  and  at  Pompeii  a  pig 
over  the  door  represents  a  wine-shop  within.  The 
Middle  Ages  adopted  a  bush.  "  Good  wine  needs 
no  bush,"  &c.,  answering  to  the  gilded  grapes  at  a 
modern  vintner's.  The  bush  is  still  a  common 
sign.  At  Charles  I.'s  death,  a  cavalier  landlord 
painted  his  bush  black.  Then  came  the  modern 
square  sign,  formerly  common  to  all  trades.  Old 
signs  are  generally  heraldic,  and  represent  royal 
bearings,  or  the  blazonings  of  great  families.  The 
White  Hart  was  peculiar  to  Richard  II ;  the  White 
Swan  of  Henry  IV.  and  Edward  III. ;  the  Blue 
Boar  of  Richard  III. ;  the  Red  Dragon  came  in 
with  the  Tudors.  Then  we  have  the  Bear  and 
Ragged  Staff  of  Leicester,  &c.  Monograms  are 
common ;  as  Bolt  and  Tun  for  Bolton  ;  Hare  and 
Tun  for  Harrington.  The  Three  Suns  is  the  fa- 
vourite bearing  of  Edward  IV. ;  and  all  Roses, 
white  or  red  (as  at  Tewkesbury),  are  indications 
of  political  predilection.  Other  signs  commemo- 
rate historical  events  ;  as  the  Bull  and  Mouth, 
Bull  and  Gate  (the  Boulogne  engagement  in 


Henry  VIII.'s  time,  and  alluded  to  by  Shak- 
speare).  The  Pilgrim,  Cross  Keys,  Salutation, 
Catherine  Wheel,  Angel,  Three  Kings,  Seven 
Stars,  St.  Francis,  &c.,  are  medieval  signs.  Many 
are  curiously  corrupted  ;  as  the  Cceur  Dore 
(Golden  Heart)  to  the  Queer  Door ;  Bacchanals 
(the  Bag  of  Nails)  ;  Pig  and  Whistle  (Peg  and 
Wassail  Bowl)  ;  the  Swan  and  Two  Necks  (lite- 
rally Two  Nicks')  ;  Goat  and  Compasses  (God 
encompasseth  us)  ;  The  Bell  Savage  (La  Belle 
Sauvage,  or  Isabel  Savage) ;  the  Goat  in  the 
Golden  Boots  (from  the  Dutch,  Goed  in  der 
Gooden  Boote),  Mercury,  or  the  God  in  the 
Golden  Boots.  The  Puritans  altered  many  of  the 
monastic  signs ;  as  the  Angel  and  Lady,  to  the 
Soldier  and  Citizen.  In  signs  we  may  read  every 
phase  of  ministerial  popularity,  and  all  the  ebbs 
and  flows  of  war  in  the  Sir  Home  Popham,  Rod- 
ney, Shovel,  Duke  of  York,  Wellington's  Head,, 
&c.  At  Chelsea,  a  sign  called  the  "  Snow  Shoes," 
I  believe,  still  indicates  the  excitement  of  the  Ame- 
rican war. 

I  shall  be  happy  to  send  AJLPHEGE  more  in- 
stances, or  to  answer  any  conjectures. 

G.  W.  THORNBURY. 

A  century  ago,  when  the  houses  in  streets  were 
unnumbered,  they  were  distinguished  by  sign- 
boards. The  chemist  had  the  dragon  (some  astro- 
logical device)  ;  the  pawnbroker  the  three  golden 
pills,  the  arms  of  the  Medici  and  Lombardy,  as 
the  descendant  of  the  ancient  bankers  of  England ; 
the  barber-chirurgeon  the  pole  for  the  wig,  and 
the  parti-coloured  ribands  to  bind  up  the  patient's 
wounds  after  blood-letting ;  the  haberdasher  and 
wool-draper  the  golden  fleece ;  the  tobacconist 
the  snuff-taking  Highlander  ;  the  vintner  the 
bunch  of  grapes  and  ivy-bush ;  and  the  Church 
and  State  bookseller  the  Bible  and  crown.  The 
Crusaders  brought  in  the  signs  of  the  Saracen's 
Head,  the  Turk's  Head,  and  the  Golden  Cross. 
Near  the  church  were  found  the  Lamb  and  Flag, 
The  Bell,  the  Cock  of  St.  Peter,  the  Maiden's  Head, 
and  the  Salutation  of  St.  Mary.  The  Chequers 
commemorated  the  licence  granted  by  the  Earls 
of  Arundel,  or  Lords  Warrenne.  The  Blue  Boar 
was  the  cognizance  of  the  House  of  Oxford  (and 
so  The  Talbots,  The  Bears,  White  Lions,  &c.  may 
usually  be  reasonably  referred  to  the  supporters 
of  the  arms  of  noble  families,  whose  tenants  the 
tavern  landlords  were).  The  Bull  and  Mouth, 
the  hostelry  of  the  voyager  to  Boulogne  Harbour. 
The  Castle,  The  Spread  Eagle,  and  The  Globe 
(Alphonso's),  were  probably  adopted  from  the 
arms  of  Spain,  Germany,  and  Portugal,  by  inns 
which  were  the  resort  of  merchants  from  those 
countries.  The  Belle  Sauvage  recalled  some  show 
of  the  day  ;  the  St.  George  and  Dragon  comme^ 
morated  the  badge  of  the  Garter ;  the  Rose  and 
Fleur-de-Lys,  the  Tudors  ;  The  Bull,  The  Falcon, 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  229. 


.find  Plume  of  Feathers,  Edward  IV. ;  the  Swan 
;and  Antelope  were  the  arms  of  Henry  V. ;  the 
chained  or  White  Hart  of  Richard  II. ;  the  Sun 
and  Boar  of  King  Richard  III. ;  the  Greyhound 
and  Green  Dragon  of  Henry  VII.  The  Bag  o' 
Nails  disguised  the  former  Bacchanals;  the  Cat 
and  Fiddle  the  Caton  Fidele  ;  the  Goat  and  Com- 
passes was  the  rebus  of  the  Puritan  motto  "  God 
encompasseth  us."  The  Swan  with  Two  Nicks 
represented  the  Thames  swans,  so  marked  on  their 
bills  under  the  "conservatory"  of  the  Goldsmiths' 
Company.  The  Cocoa  Tree  and  Thatched  House 
tell  their  own  tale ;  so  the  Coach  and  Horses,  re- 
minding us  of  the  times  when  the  superior  inns 
were  the  only  posting-houses,  in  distinction  to 
such  as  bore  the  sign  of  the  Pack- Horse.  The 
Fox  and  Goose  denoted  the  games  played  within ; 
the  country  inn,  the  Hare  and  Hounds,  the  vicinity 
-of  a  sporting  squire. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

ALPHEGE  will  find  some  information  on  this 
subject  in  Lower's  Curiosities  of  Heraldry,  The 
Beaufoy  Tokens  (printed  by  the  Corporation  of 
London),  and  the  Journal  of  the  Archceological 
Association  for  April,  1853.  WILLIAM  KELLY. 

Leicester. 

There  are  a  series  of  articles  on  this  subject  in 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  Ixxxviii.,  parts  i. 
and  ii.,  and  vol.  Ixxxix.  parts  i.  and  ii.  Taylor 
the  Water-poet  wrote  A  Catalogue  of  Memorable 
Places  and  Taverns  within  Ten  Shires  of  England, 
London,  1636,  8vo.  Much  information  will  also 
be  found  in  Akerman's  Tokens,  and  Burn's  Cata- 
logue of  the  Beaufoy  Cabinet.  ZEUS. 


"  CONSILIUM   DELECTORUM    CARDINALIUM. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  54. ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  127-29.) 

Novus  did  not  require  correction  ;  but  MR. 
B.  B.  WOODWARD  has  elaborately  confounded  the 
genuine  Consilium  of  1537  with  Vergerio's  spu- 
rious Letter  of  Advice,  written  in  1549.  Four 
cardinals,  and  not  nine  (as  MR.  WOODWARD  sup- 
poses), subscribed  the  authentic  document;  but 
perhaps  novem  may  have  been  a  corruption  of 
novum,  applied  to  the  later  Bolognese  Consilium ; 
or  else  the  word  was  intended  to  denote  the  num- 
ber of  all  the  dignitaries  who  addressed  Pope 
Paul  III.  R.  G. 

"  This  Consilium  was  the  result  of  an  assembly  of 
four  cardinals,  among  whom  was  our  Pole,  and  five 
prelates,  by  Paul  III.  in  1537,  charged  to  give  him 
their  best  advice  relative  to  a  reformation  of  the  church. 
The  corruptions  of  that  community  were  detailed  and 
denounced  with  more  freedom  than  might  have  been 
e-xpected,  or  was  probably  desired  ;  so  much  so,  that 
*vhen  one  of  the  body,  Cardinal  Caraffu,  assumed  the 


tiara  as  Paul  IV.,  he  transferred  his  own  advice  into 
his  own  list  of  prohibited  books.  The  Consilium  be- 
came the  subject  of  an  animated  controversy.  M'Crie, 
in  his  History  of  the  Reformation  in  Italy,  has  given  a 
satisfactory  account  of  the  whole,  pp.  83,  &c.  The 
candid  Quirini  could  maintain  neither  the  spuriousness 
of  this  important  document,  nor  its  non-identity  with 
the  one  condemned  in  the  Index.  (See  Schelhorn's 
Two  Epistles  on  the  subject,  Tiguri,  1748.)  And  now 
observe,  gentle  reader,  the  pontifical  artifice  which  this 
discussion  has  produced.  Not  in  the  Index  following 
the  year  1748,  namely,  that  of  1750  (that  was  too  soon), 
but  in  the  next,  that  of  1758,  the  article  appears  thus: 
'  Consilium  de  emendanda  Ecclesia.  Cum  Notis  vel 
Prafationibus  Hcereticorum.  Ind.  Tnd.'  The  whole, 
particularly  the  Ind.  Trid.,  is  an  implied  and  real 
falsehood."  —  Mendham's  Literary  Policy  of  the  Church 
of  Rome,  pp.  48,  49. 

M.  Barbier,  in  his  Dictionnaire  des  Pseudonymes, 
has  given  his  opinion  of  the  genuineness  of  the 
Consilium  in  the  following  note,  in  reply  to  some 
queries  on  the  subject : 

"  Monsieur. —  Le  Consilium  quorundam  Episcoporum, 
8fc.,  me  parait  une  piece  bien  authentique,  puisque 
Brown  declare  1'avoir  trouve  non-seulement  dans  les 
ceuvres  de  Vergerio,  mais  encore  dans  les  Lectiones 
Memorabiles,  en  2  vol.  in  fol.  par  Wolphius.  Je  ne 
connais  rien  centre  cette  piece. 

"  J'ai  1'honneur,  &c. 

"  BARBIER." 

The  learned  Lorente  has  reprinted  the  "  Con- 
cilium" also  in  his  work  entitled  Monumens  His- 
toriques  concernant  les  deux  Pragmatiques  Sanc- 
tions. There  can,  therefore,  be  no  just  grounds 
for  doubting  the  character  of  this  precious  article. 

BlBLlOTHECAR.    CHETHAM. 


PULPIT    HOUR-GLASSES. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  82.  209.  279.  328.  454.  525.) 

I  should  be  glad  to  see  some  more  information 
in  your  pages  relative  to  the  early  use  of  the  pul- 
pit hour-glass.  It  is  said  that  the  ancient  fathers 
preached,  as  the  old  Greek  and  Roman  orators 
declaimed,  by  this  instrument ;  but  were  the  ser- 
mons of  the  ancient  fathers  an  hour  long  ?  Many 
of  those  in  St.  Augustine's  ten  volumes  might  be 
delivered  with  distinctness  in  seven  or  eight 
minutes;  and  some  of  those  of  Latimer  and  his  con- 
temporaries, in  about  the  same  time.  But,  Query, 
are  not  the  printed  sermons  of  these  divines  merely 
outlines,  to  be  filled  up  by  the  preacher  extempore  ? 
Dyos,  in  a  sermon  preached  at  Paul's  Cross,  in 
1570,  speaking  of  the  walking  and  profane  talking 
in  the  church  at  sermon  time,  also  laments  how 
they  grudged  the  preacher  his  customary  hour.  So 
that  an  hour  seems  to  have  been  the  practice  at 
the  Reformation. 


MAR.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


The  hour- glass  was  used  equally  by  the  Catho- 
lics and  Protestants.  In  an  account  of  the  fall  of 
the  house  in  Blackfriars,  where  a  party  of  Ko- 
manists  were  assembled  to  hear  one  of  their 
preachers,  in  1623,  the  preacher  is  described  as  — 

"  Having  on  a  surplice,  girt  about  his  middle  with  a 
linnen  girdle,  and  a  tippet  of  scarlet  on  both  his 
shoulders.  lie  was  attended  by  a  man  that  brought 
after  him  his  book  and  hour-glass" — See  The  Fatal 
Vespers,  by  Samuel  Clark,  London,  1657. 

In  the  Preface  to  the  Bishops'  Bible,  printed  by 
John  Day  in  1569,  Archbishop  Parker  is  repre- 
sented with  an  hour-glass  at  his  right  hand.  And 
in  a  work  by  Franchinus  Gaffurius,  entitled  Ange- 
licum  ac  Divinum  opus  Musice,  printed  at  Milan 
in  1508,  is  a  curious  representation  of  the  author 
seated  in  a  pulpit,  with  a  book  in  his  hand ;  an 
hour-glass  on  one  side,  and  a  bottle  on  the  other ; 
lecturing  to  an  audience  of  twelve  persons.  This 
woodcut  is  engraved  in  the  second  volume  of 
Hawkins'  History  of  Music,  p.  333. 

Hour-glasses  were  often  very  elegantly  formed, 
and  of  rich  materials.  Shaw,  in  his  Dresses  and 
Decorations  of  the  Middle  Ages,  has  given  an  en- 
graving of  one  in  the  cabinet  of  M.  Debruge  at 
Paris.  It  is  richly  enamelled,  and  set  with  jewels. 
In  the  churchwardens' accounts  of  Lambeth  Church 
are  two  entries  respecting  the  hour-glass :  the 
first  is  in  1579,  when  Is.  4</.  was  "payd  to  Yorke 
for  the  frame  in  which  the  Jiower  standeth  ; "  and 
the  second  in  1615,  when  6s.  Sd.  was  "payd  for 
an  iron  for  the  hour-glassed  In  an  inventory  of 
the  goods  and  implements  belonging  to  the  church 
of  All  Saints,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  taken  about 
1632,  mention  is  made  of  "  one  whole  hour-glasse," 
and  of  "  one  halfe  hour-glasse."  (See  Brand's 
Newcastle,  vol.  i.  p.  370.). 

Fosbroke  says,  "  Preaching  by  the  hour-glass 
•was  put  an  end  to  by  the  Puritans"  (Ency.  of 
Antiq.,  vol.  i.  pp.  273.  307.).  But  the  account 
given  by  a  correspondent  of  the  Gentleman's  Ma- 
gazine (1804,  p. 201.)  is  probably  more  correct: 

"  Hour-glasses,  in  the  puritanical  days  of  Cromwell, 
were  made  use  of  by  the  preachers  ;  who,  on  first  get- 
ting into  the  pulpit,  and  naming  the  text,  turned  up 
the  glass  ;  and  if  the  sermon  did  not  hold  till  the  glass 
was  out,  it  was  said  by  the  congregation  that  the 
preacher  was  lazy  :  and  if  he  continued  to  preach  much 
longer,  they  would  yawn  and  stretch,  and  by  these 
signs  signify  to  the  preacher  that  they  began  to  be 
weary  of  his  discourse,  and  wanted  to  be  dismissed." 

Butler  speaks  of  "  gifted  brethren  preaching  by 
a  carnal  hour-glass"  (Hudibras,  Part  I.,  canto  in., 
v.  1061.).  And  in  the  frontispiece  of  Dr.  Young's 
book,  entitled  England's  Shame,  or  a  Relation  of 
the  Life  and  Death  of  Hugh  Peters,  London,  1663, 
Peters  is  represented  preaching,  and  holding  an 
hour-glass  in  his  left  hand,  in  the  act  of  saying  : 
"  I  know  you  are  good  fellows,  so  let's  have  an- 


other glass"  The  same  words,  or  something  very 
similar,  are  attributed  to  the  Nonconformist  mi- 
nister, Daniel  Burgess.  Mr.  Maidment,  in  a  note 
to  "  The  New  Litany,"  printed  in  his  Third  Book 
of  Scottish  Pasquils  (Edin.,  1828,  p.  49.),  also  gives 
the  following  version  of  the  same  : 

"  A  humorous  story  has  been  preserved  of  one  of 
the  Earls  of  Airly,  who  entertained  at  his  table  a 
clergyman,  who  was  to  preach  before  the  Commis- 
sioner next  day.  The  glass  circulated,  perhaps  too 
freely  ;  and  whenever  the  divine  attempted  to  rise,  his 
Lordship  prevented  him,  saying,  *  Another  glass,  and 
then.'  After  'flooring'  (if  the  expression  may  be  al- 
lowed) his  Lordship,  the  guest  went  home.  He  next 
day  selected  a  text :  '  The  wicked  shall  be  punished, 
and  that  RIGHT  EARLY.'  Inspired  by  the  subject,  he 
was  by  no  means  sparing  of  his  oratory,  and  the  hour- 
glass was  disregarded,  although  repeatedly  warned  by 
the  precentor ;  who,  in  common  with  Lord  Airly, 
thought  the  discourse  rather  lengthy.  The  latter  soon 
knew  why  he  was  thus  punished  by  the  reverend  gen- 
tleman, when  reminded,  always  exclaiming,  not  sotto 
voce,  '  Another  glass,  and  then.'  " 

Hogarth,  in  his  "Sleeping  Congregation,"  has 
introduced  an  hour-glass  on  the  left  side  of  the 
preacher  ;  and  Mr.  Ireland  observes,  in  his  de- 
scription of  this  plate,  that  they  are  "  still  placed 
on  some  of  the  pulpits  in  the  provinces."  At 
Waltham,  in  Leicestershire,  by  the  side  of  the 
pulpit  was  (or  is)  an  hour-glass  in  an  iron  frame, 
mounted  on  three  high  wooden  brackets.  (See 
Nichols'  Leicestershire,  vol.  ii.  p.  382.)  A  bracket 
for  the  support  of  an  hour-glass  is  still  preserved, 
affixed  to  the  pulpit  of  Hurst  Church,  in  Berk- 
shire :  it  is  of  iron,  painted  and  gilt.  An  inte- 
resting notice,  accompanied  by  woodcuts,  of  a 
number  of  existing  specimens  of  hour-glass  frames, 
was  contributed  to  the  Journal  of  the  British  Ar- 
ch ceological  Association,  vol.  iii.,  1848,  by  Mr.  Fair- 
holt,  to  which  I  refer  the  reader  for  farther  in- 
formation. EDWARD  F.  KIMBAULT. 

I  remember  to  have  seen  it  stated  in  some  an- 
tiquarian journal,  that  there  are  only  three  hour- 
glass stands  in  England  where  any  portion  of  the 
glass  is  remaining.  In  Cowden  Church,  in  Kent, 
the  glass  is  nearly  entire.  Perhaps  some  of  your 
readers  will  be  able  to  mention  the  two  other 
places.  W.  D.  II. 

In  Salhouse  Church,  near  Norwich,  an  iron 
hour-glass  stand  still  remains  fixed  to  the  pulpit ; 
and  a  bell  on  the  screen,  between  the  nave  and 
the  chancel.  C— s.  T.  P. 

At  Berne,  in  the  autumn  of  last  year,  I  saw  an 
hour-glass  stand  still  attached  to  the  pulpit  in  the 
minster.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


FNo.  229. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

A  Prize  for  the  best  Collodion.  —  Your  "  Hint  to  the 
Photographic  Society"  (Feb.  25)  I  much  approve  of, 
but  I  have  always  found  more  promptness  from  indi- 
viduals than  from  associated  bodies  ;  and  all  photo- 
graphers I  deem  to  be  under  great  obligations  to  you 
in  affording  us  a  medium  of  communication  before  a 
Photographic  Society  was  in  existence.  During  the 
past  month  your  valuable  articles,  from  some  of  our 
most  esteemed  photographists,  show  that  your  pages 
are  the  agreeable  medium  of  publishing  their  re- 
searches. 1  would  therefore  respectfully  suggest  that 
.you  should  yourself  offer  a  prize  for  the  best  mode  of 
making  a  good  useful  collodion,  and  that  that  prize 
should  be  a  complete  set  of  your  valuable  journal, 
which  now,  I  believe,  is  progressing  with  its  ninth 
volume.  You  might  associate  two  independent  names 
.with  your  own,  in  testing  the  merits  of  any  sample 
supplied  to  you,  and  a  condition  should  be  that  the 
formula  should  be  published  in  "  N.  &  Q."  Your  ob- 
servations upon  the  manufacturers  of  paper,  respecting 
the  intrinsic  value  of  a  premium,  are  equally  applicable 
to  this  proposition,  because,  should  the  collodion  pre- 
pared by  any  of  the  various  dealers  who  at  present  ad- 
vertise in  your  columns  be  deemed  to  be  the  most  satis- 
factory, your  sanction  and  that  of  your  friends  alone 
Tvould  be  an  ample  recompense.  I  would  also  suggest 
that  samples  sent  to  you  should  be  labelled  with  a 
motto,  and  a  corresponding  motto,  sealed,  should  con- 
tain the  name  and  address,  the  name  and  address  of  the 
successful  sample  alone  to  be  opened  :  this  would  effec- 
tually preclude  all  preconceived  notions  entertained  by 
the  testing  manipulators  who  are  to  decide  on  the 
merits  of  what  is  submitted  to  them. 

A  READER  OF  "  N.  &  Q."  AND  A  PHOTOGRAPHER. 

[We  are  obliged  to  our  correspondent  not  only  for 
the  compliment  he  has  paid  to  our  services  to  photo- 
graphy, but  also  for  his  suggestion.  There  are  many 
reasons,  and  some  sufficiently  obvious,  why  we  should 
.not  undertake  the  task  proposed  ;  and  there  are  as  ob- 
vious reasons  why  it  should  be  undertaken  by  the 
Photographic  Society.  That  body  has  not  only  the 
'means  of  securing  the  best  judges  of  such  matters, 
.but  an  invitation  from  such  a  body  would  probably 
call  into  the  field  of  competition  all  the  best  photo- 
graphers, whether  professional  or  amateur.] 

Double  Iodide  of  Silver  and  Potassium.— -I  shall  feel 
greatly  indebted  to  you,  or  to  any  correspondent  of 
"  N.  &  Q,.,"  for  information  as  to  the  proportion  of 
iodide  of  silver  to  the  ounce  of  water,  to  be  afterwards 
taken  up  by  a  saturated  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium, 
and  converted  into  the  dwuble  iodide  of  silver  and 
potassium. 

I  generally  pour  all  waste  solution  of  silver  into  a 
jar  of  iodide  of  potassium  solution;  and  last  year, 
having  washed  some  of  the  precipitated  iodide  of  silver, 
I  redissolved  it  in  a  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium  of  an 
unknown  strength.  Paper  prepared  with  this  solution 
answered  very  satisfactorily,  kept  well  after  excitation, 
and  was  very  clear  and  intense;  but  this  was  purely 
accidental :  and  if  you  can  tell  me  how  to  insure  like 
success  this  summer,  without  a  series  of  experiments, 


for  which  I  have  but  little  time  just  now,  the  inform- 
ation will  be  very  acceptable  to  me,  and  probably  to 
many  others. 

I  excite  my  paper  with  equal  proportions  of  satu- 
rated solution  of  gallic  acid  and  aceto-nitrate  of  silver, 
one  or  two  drops  of  each  to  the  drachm  of  distilled 
water.  I  always  plunge  the  bottle  of  gallic  acid  solu- 
tion into  hot  water  when  first  made,  which  enables  it 
to  take  up  more  of  the  acid  ;  on  cooling,  the  excess 
crystallises  at  the  bottom.  This  ensures  an  even 
strength  of  solution  :  it  will  keep  any  length  of  time, 
if  a  small  piece  of  camphor  be  allowed  to  float  in  it. 

J.  W.  WALROND. 

Wellington. 

[The  resultant  iodide  from  fifteen  grains  of  nitrate 
of  silver,  precipitated  by  means  of  the  iodide  of  potas- 
sium, will  give  the  requisite  quantity  of  iodide  for 
every  ounce  of  water  ;  or  about  twenty-seven  grains 
of  the  dried  iodide  will  produce  the  same  effect.  It 
is  however  far  preferable,  and  more  economical,  to 
convert  all  waste  into  chloride  of  silver,  from  which 
the  pure  metal  may  be  again  so  readily  obtained. 
Iodide  of  silver,  collected  in  the  manner  described  by 
our  correspondent,  is  very  likely  to  lead  to  disappoint- 
ment.] 

Albumenized  Paper.  —  I  have  by  careful  observation 
found  that  the  cause  of  the  albumen  settling  and  dry- 
ing in  waving  lines  and  blotches  on  my  paper,  arose 
from  some  parts  of  the  paper  being  more  absorbent 
than  others,  the  gelatinous-like  nature  of  the  albumen 
assisting  to  retard  its  ready  ingress  into  the  unequal 
parts,  and,  consequently,  that  those  places  becoming 
the  first  dried,  prevented  the  albumen,  still  slowly 
dripping  over  the  now  more  wetted  parts,  from  running 
down  equally  and  smoothly,  thereby  causing  a  check 
to  its  progress ;  and  as  at  last  these  became  also  dry, 
thicker  and  irregular  patches  of  albumen  were  de- 
posited, forming  the  mischief  in  question. 

The  discovery  of  the  cause  suggested  to  me  the 
propriety  of  either  giving  each  sheet  a  prolonged  float- 
ing of  from  ten  to  fifteen  minutes  on  the  salted  albu- 
men, or  until  every  part  had  become  fully  and  equally 
saturated ;  or,  as  a  preliminary  to  the  floating  and 
hanging  up  by  one  corner  on  a  line,  of  putting  over- 
night between  eacli  sheet  a  damped  piece  of  bibulous 
paper,  and  placing  the  whole  between  two  smooth 
plates  of  stone,  or  other  non-absorbent  material. 

Either  method  produces  equally  good  results  ;  but 
I  now  always  use  the  latter,  thereby  avoiding  the 
necessity  of  otherwise  having  several  dishes  of  albu- 
men at  work  at  once.  HENRY  H.  HELE. 

Cyanide  of  Potassium  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  230.).  —  I  have 
for  a  long  time  been  in  the  habit  of  using  a  solution  of 
the  above-named  substance  for  fixing  collodion  positives, 
because  the  reduced  silver  has  a  much  whiter  appear- 
ance when  thus  fixed,  than  when  the  hyposulphite  of 
soda  is  used  for  the  same  purpose;  but  I  cannot  quite 
agree  with  MR.  HOCKIN  that  it  is  equally  applicable  to 
negatives,  though  in  many  cases  it  will  do  very  well.  I 
find  the  reduced  metal  is  more  pervious  to  light  when 
fixed  with  the  cyanide  solution,  particularly  in  weak 
negatives.  Lastly,  I  find  that  a  small  quantity  of  the 


MAE.  18.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


255 


silver  salts  being  added  to  the  solution  before  using, 
produces  less  injury  to  the  half-tones,  and  this  not  by 
merely  weakening  the  solution,  as  one  of  double  the 
strength  with  the  silver  is  better  than  one  without  it, 
though  only  half  as  powerful. 

Your  correspondent  C.  E.  F.  (ibid.)  will  find  his 
positives  will  not  stand  a  saturated  solution  of  hypo- 
sulphite of  soda,  unless  he  prints  them  so  intensely 
dark  that  all  traces  of  a  picture  by  reflected  light  are 
obliterated ;  but  I  have  sometimes  accidentally  exposed 
my  positives  a  whole  day,  and  retained  a  fair  proof  by 
soaking  the  apparently  useless  impressions  in  such  a 
solution.  GEO.  SHADBOLT. 


to 

Saw-dust  Recipe  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.).  —  See  Her- 
schel's  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Natural  Philo- 
sophy, published  in  Lardner's  Cyclopcedia,  p.  64., 
where  he  says  : 

«'  That  sawdust  itself  is  susceptible  of  conversion  into 
a  substance  bearing  no  remote  analogy  to  bread  ;  and 
though  certainly  less  palatable  than  that  of  flour,  yet 
no  way  disagreeable,  and  both  wholesome  and  di- 
gestible, as  well  as  highly  nutritive." 

To  which  passage  the  following  note  is  appended  : 

"  See  Dr.  Front's  account  of  the  experiments  of 
Professor  Autenrieth  of  Tubingen,  Phil.  Trans.,  1827, 
p.  381.  This  discovery,  which  renders  famine  next 
to  impossible,  deserves  a  higher  degree  of  celebrity  than 
it  has  obtained." 

J.  M.  W. 

Though  not  exactly  the  recipe  for  saw-dust  bis- 
cuits which  I  have  heard  of,  there  is  an  account  of 
the  process  of  making  bread  from  bark  in  Laing's 
"  Norway  "  (Longman's  Traveller's  Lib.),  part  ii. 
p.  219.,  where,  on  the  subject  of  pine-trees,  it  is 
stated : 

"  Many  were  standing  with  all  their  branches  dead, 
stripped  of  the  bark  to  make  bread,  and  blanched  by 
the  weather,  resembling  white  marble,  —  mere  ghosts 
of  trees.  The  bread  is  made  of  the  inner  rind  next  the 
wood,  taken  off  in  flakes  like  a  sheet  of  foolscap  paper, 
and  is  steeped  or  washed  in  warm  water,  to  clear  off  its 
astringent  principle.  It  is  then  hung  across  a  rope  to 
dry  in  the  sun,  and  looks  exactly  like  sheets  of  parch- 
ment. When  dry  it  is  pounded  into  small  pieces  mixed 
with  corn,  and  ground  into  meal  on  the  hand-mill  or 
quern.  It  is  much  more  generally  used  than  I  sup- 
posed. There  are  districts  in  which  the  forests  suffered 
very  considerable  damage  in  the  years  1812  and  1814, 
when  bad  crops  and  the  war,  then  raging,  reduced 
many  to  bark  bread.  The  Fjelde  bonder  use  it,  more 
or  less,  every  year.  It  is  not  very  unpalatable ;  nor  is 
there  any  good  reason  for  supposing  it  unwholesome, 
if  wt-11  prepared  ;  but  it  is  very  costly.  The  value  of 
the  tree,  which  is  left  to  perish  on  its  root,  would  buy  a 
sack  of  flour,  if  the  English  market  were  open." 

Now,  if  G.  D.,  or  any  enterprising  individual, 
could  succeed  in  converting  saw -dust  into  whole- 


some food,  or  fit  for  admixture  with  flour,  some- 
what after  the  above  manner,  it  would  indeed 
be  a  "  happy  discovery,"  considering  the  present 
high  price  of  "  the  staff  of  life."  Bread  has  also 
been  made  from  the  horse-chesnut ;  but  the  ex- 
pense of  preparation,  removing  the  strong  bitter 
flavour,  is  no  doubt  the  obstacle  to  its  success. 
What  could  be  done  with  the  Spanish  chesnut  ? 

WlLLO. 

The  saw-dust  recipe  is  to  be  found  in  the  Satur- 
day Magazine,  Jan.  3,  1835,  taken  from  Xo.  104. 
of  the  Quarterly  Review.  It  is  entitled,  "  How  to 
make  a  Quartern  Loaf  out  of  a  Deal  Board." 

J.C. 

Your  correspondent  G.  D.  may  find  something 
to  his  purpose  in  a  little  German  work,  entitled 
Wie  kann  man,  bey  grosser  Theuerung  und  Hun- 
gersnoth,  ohne  Getreid,  gesundcs  Brod  versckaffen  f 
Von  Dr.  Oberlechner  :  Xav.  Duyle,  Salzburg, 
1817.  W.  T. 

Brydone  the  Tourist  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  138.).  —  The 
literary  world  would  feel  obliged  to  J.  MAC  RAT  to 
tell  us  the  name  of  the  writer  of  the  criticism  who 
says,  "  Brydone  never  was  on  the  summit  of  Etna." 
Did  the  scholars  of  Italy  know  more  of  what  was 
done  by  Englishmen  in  Sicily  in  Brydone's  day 
than  they  do  at  present  ?  How  are  the  dates  re- 
conciled? Brydone  would  be  113  years  old. 
Mr.  Beckford,  I  think,  must  have  been  some 
thirteen  or  fourteen  years  younger.  Brydone  was 
always  considered  to  be  in  his  relations  in  life  a 
man  of  probity  and  honour.  I  used  to  hear  much 
of  him  from  one  nearly  related  to  me,  whose 
father  was  first  cousin  to  Brydone's  wife. 

H.  R.  NEE  F. 

Etymology  of  "Page"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  106.).— 
Paggio  Italian,  page  French  and  Spanish,  pagi 
Provencal,  is  derived  by  Diez,  Etymologisches 
Wdrterbuch  der  Romanischen  Sprachen  (Bonn, 
1853),  p.  249.,  from  the  Greek  weuSiW.  This  de- 
rivation is  evidently  the  true  one.  I  may  take 
this  opportunity  of  recommending  the  above-cited 
work  to  all  persons  who  feel  an  interest  in  the 
etymology  of  the  Romance  languages.  It  is  not 
only  more  scientific  and  learned,  but  more  com- 
prehensive, than  any  other  work  of  the  kind.  L. 

Longfellow  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  174.).  —  There  was  a 
family  of  the  name  of  Longfellow  resident  in 
Brecon,  South  Wales,  about  fifty  or  sixty  years 
ago,  who  were  large  landowners  in  the  county ; 
and  one  of  them  (Tom  Longfellow,  alluded  to  in 
the  lines  below)  kept  the  principal  inn,  "  The 
Golden  Lion,"  in  that  town.  His  son  occupied  a 
farm  a  few  miles  from  Brecon,  about  thirty  years 
ago  ;  and  two  of  his  sisters  resided  in  the  town. 
The  family  was  frequently  engaged  in  law  suits 
(perhaps  from  the  proverbially  litigious  disposition 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


of  their  Welsh  neighbours),  and  was  ultimately 
ruined.  Many  of  the  old  inhabitants  of  that  part 
of  the  Principality  could,  no  doubt,  give  a  better 
and  fuller  account  of  them. 

The  following  lines  (not  very  flattering  to  the 
landlord,  certainly),  said  to  have  been  written  by  a 
commercial  traveller  on  an  inside-window  shutter 
of  "  The  Golden  Lion,"  when  Mr.  Longfellow  was 
the  proprietor,  may  not  be  out  of  place  in  "  N. 
&Q.:" 

"  Tom  Longfellow's  name  is  most  justly  his  due, 
Long  his  neck,  long  his  bill,  which  is  very  long  too ; 
Long  the  time  ere  your  horse  to  the  stable  is  led, 
Long  before  he's  rubbed  down,  and  much  longer  till 

fed; 

Long  indeed  may  you  sit  in  a  comfortless  room, 
Till  from  kitchen,  long  dirty,  your  dinner  shall  come  ; 
Long  the  often-told  tale  that  your  host  will  relate, 
Long  his  face  whilst  complaining  how  long  people  eat ; 
Long  may  Longfellow  long  ere  he  see  me  again, — 
Long  'twill  be  ere  I  long  for  Tom  Longfellow's  inn." 

C.  H.  (2) 

Yesterday  I  happened  to  be  looking  over  an 
old  Bristol  paper  (Sarah  Farley's  Bristol  Journal, 
Saturday,  June  11,  1791),  and  the  name  of  Long- 
fellow, which  I  had  before  only  known  as  borne 
by  the  poet,  caught  my  eye.  At  the  end  of  the 
paper  there  is  a  notice  in  these  words  : 

"  Advertisements  are  taken  in  for  this  paper  by 
agents  in  various  places,  and  by  Mr.  Longfellow, 
Brecon,"  &c. 

HENRY  GEO.  TOMKINS. 

Park  Lodge,  Weston-super-Mare. 

There  is  now  living  at  Beaufort  Iron  Works, 
Breconshire,  a  respectable  tradesman,  bearing  the 
name  of  Longfellow.  He  himself  is  a  native  of 
the  town  of  Brecon,  as  was  his  father  also.  But 
his  grandfather  was  a  settler ;  though  from  what 
part  of  the  country  this  last-named  relative  ori- 
ginally came,  he  is  unfortunately  unable  to  say. 
lie  has  the  impression,  however,  that  it  was  from 
Cornwall  or  Devonshire.  Perhaps  this  information 
•will  partly  answer  the  question  of  OXONIENSIS. 

E.  W.  I. 

It  is  by  no  means  improbable  that  the  name  is 
a  corruption  of  Longvillers,  found  in  Northamp- 
tonshire as  early  as  the  reign  of  Edward  L,  and 
derived,  I  imagine,  from  the  town  of  Longueville 
in  Normandy.  There  is  a  Newton  Longville  in 
this  county.  W.  P.  STOKER. 

Olney,  Bucks. 

Canting  Arms  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  146.).  —  The  intro- 
duction to  the  collection  of  arms  alluded  to  was 
not  written  by  Sir  George  Naylor,  but  by  the 
Hev.  James  Dallaway,  who  had  previously  pub- 
lished his  Historical  Enquiries,  a  work  well  known. 

G. 


Holy  Loaf  Money  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  150.).  —  At 
some  time  before  the  date  of  present  rubrics,  it 
was  the  custom  for  every  house  in  the  parish  to 
provide  in  rotation  bread  (and  wine)  for  the  Holy 
Communion.  By  the  first  book  of  King  Ed- 
ward VI.,  this  duty  was  devolved  upon  those  who 
had  the  cure  of  souls,  with  a  provision  "  that  the 
parishioners  of  every  parish  should  offer  every 
Sunday,  at  the  time  of  the  offertory,  the  just  value 
and  price  of  the  holy  loaf  ...  to  the  use  of  the 
pastors  and  curates  "  who  had  provided  it ;  "  and 
that  in  such  order  and  course  as  they  were  wont 
to  find,  and  pay  the  said  holy  loaf."  This  is,  I 
think,  the  correct  answer  to  the  Query  of  T.  J.  W. 

J.  H.  B. 

"  Could  we  with  ink"  frc.  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  127. 
180.). — The  idea  embodied  in  these  lines  was 
well  known  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The 
following  "  rhyme,"  extracted  from  a  rare  miscel- 
lany entitled  Wits  Recreations,  12ino.,  1640,  has 
reference  to  the  subject. 

"  Interrogativa  Cantilena. 
"  If  all  the  world  were  paper, 

And  all  the  sea  were  inke  ; 
If  all  the  trees  were  bread  and  cheese, 
Hpw  should  we  do  for  drinke  ? 

"  If  all  the  world  were  sand'o, 

Oh  then  what  should  we  lack'o ; 
If  as  they  say  there  were  no  clay, 
How  should  we  take  tobacco  ? 

"  If  all  our  vessels  ran'a, 

If  none  but  had  a  crack'a  ; 
If  Spanish  apes  eat  all  the  grapes, 
How  should  we  do  for  sack'a? 

"  If  fryers  had  no  bald  pates, 

Nor  nuns  had  no  dark  cloysters  ; 

If  all  the  seas  were  beans  and  pease, 

How  should  we  do  for  oysters? 

"  If  there  had  been  no  projects, 

Nor  none  that  did  great  wrongs  ; 
If  fiddlers  shall  turne  players  all, 
How  should  we  doe  for  songs  ? 

"  If  all  things  were  eternall, 

And  nothing  their  end  bringing ; 

If  this  should  be,  then  how  should  we 

Here  make  an  end  of  singing  ?  " 

EDWARD  F.  BJMBATJLT. 

Mount  Mill,  and  the  Fortifications  of  London 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  174.).  — B.  R.  A.  Y.  will  find  that 
the  name  is  still  applied  to  an  obscure  locality  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Luke,  situated  close  to  the  west 
end  of  Seward  Street  on  the  north  side.  The 
parliamentary  fortifications  of  London  are  de- 
scribed in  Maitland's  Hist.,  and  Mount  Mill  is 
noticed  in  Cromwell's  Clerkenwell,  pp.  33.  396. 
This  writer  supposes  that  the  Mount  (long  since 
levelled)  originated  in  the  interment  of  a  great 
number  of  persons  during  the  plague  of  1665  ;  but 


MAE.  18.  1854.] 


XOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


257 


this,  I  think,  is  a  mistake,  for  the  Mount  is  men- 
tioned in  a  printed  broadside  which,  if  I  remember 
rightly,  bears  an  earlier  date.  I  cannot  furnish 
its  title,  but  it  will  be  found  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, with  the  press-mark  669.  f.  Tf^.  A  plan  of 
the  city  and  suburbs,  as  fortified  by  order  of  the 
parliament  in  1642  and  1643,  was  engraved  by 
George  Vertue,  1738  ;  and  a  small  plan  of  the 
same  works  appeared  in  the  Gentlemaris  Maga- 
zine a  few  years  afterwards  (1749  ?). 

W.  P.  STOKER. 
Olncy,  Bucks. 

Standing  while  the  Lord's  Prayer  is  read  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  127.). — A  custom  noted  to  prevail  at  Bristol: 
in  connexion  with  it,  it  would  be  interesting  to 
ascertain  in  what  churches  there  still  remain  any 
usages  of  by-gone  days,  but  which  have  generally 
got  into  desuetude.  It  is  probable  that  in  some 
one  or  other  church  there  may  still  exist  a  usage 
handed  down  by  tradition,  which  is  not  generally 
recognised  nor  authorised  in  the  present  day. 
Perhaps  by  means  of  our  widely  spread  "N.  &  Q.," 
and  the  notes  of  its  able  contributors,  this  may  be 
ascertained.  By  way  of  example,  and  as  a  be- 
ginning, I  would  mention  the  following  :  — 

At  St.  Sampson's,  Cricklade  (it  was  so  before 
1820),  the  people  say,  "Thanks  be  to  Thee,  O 
God ! "  after  the  reading  of  the  Gospel ;  a  usage 
said  to  be  as  old  as  St.  Chrysostom. 

At  Talaton,  Devon,  where  the  congregation 
turn  towards  the  singing  gallery  at  the  west  end, 
during  the  singing  of  the  "  Magnificat"  and  other 
psalms,  at  the  "Gloria"  they  all  turn  round  to 
the  east. 

At  Bitton,  Gloucestershire,  two  parishioners, 
natives  of  Lincolnshire,  always  gave  me  notice  be- 
fore they  came  to  Holy  Communion,  as  it  was  their 
custom  always  to  do. 

When  a  boy,  I  remember  an  old  gentleman, 
who  came  from  one  of  the  Midland  Counties,  al- 
ways stood  up  at  the  "Glory"  in  the  Litany.  In 
many  country  churches,  the  old  women  make  a 
courtesy. 

In  many  country  churches,  the  old  men  bow 
and  smooth  down  their  hair  when  they  enter  the 
church  ;  and  women  make  a  courtesy. 

II.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George. 

In  a  late  Number  of  your  miscellany,  you 
say  it  is  a  general  practice  for  congregations  in 
churches  to  stand  during  the  reading  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  when  it  occurs  in  the  order  of  Morning 
Lessons.  In  my  experience,  I  do  not  remember 
any  such  custom  prevalent  in  this  part  of  the 
country  ;  but  may  mention,  as  a  curious  and  (as 
far  as  I  know,  or  ever  heard  of)  singular  ex- 
ample of  kneeling  at  the  reading  of  St.  Matt.  vi. 
and  St.  Luke  xi.,  that  at  Formby,  a  retired  vil- 


lage on  the  Lancashire  coast,  my  first  cure,  the 
people  observed  this  usage.  The  children  in  the 
schools  were  instructed  to  kneel  whenever  they 
read  the  section  of  these  chapters  which  contains 
the  Lord's  Prayer.  And  at  the  "  Burial  of  the 
Dead,"  as  soon  as  the  minister  came  to  that  por- 
tion of  the  ceremony  where  the  use  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer  is  enjoined,  all  the  assembled  mourners 
(old  and  young,  and  however  cold  or  damp  the 
day)  would  devoutly  kneel  down  in  the  chapel 
yard,  and  remain  in  this  posture  of  reverence  until 
the  conclusion  of  the  service.  I  observed  that 
their  Roman  Catholic  neighbours,  who  often  at- 
tended at  funerals,  when  they  happened  to  be 
present,  did  the  same.  So  that  it  seemed  to  be 
"  a  tradition  derived  from  their  fathers,"  and 
handed  down  "  from  one  generation  to  another.'* 

R.L. 
Great  Lever,  Bolton. 

This  custom  is  observed  in  the  Cathedral  at 
Norwich,  but  not  (I  believe)  in  the  other  churches  - 
in  that  city.  I  remember  seeing  it  noticed  in  a 
very  old  number  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
and  should  be  glad  if  any  of  your  correspondents 
could  tell  me  which  num.ber  it  is.  I  have  looked 
through  the  Index  in  vain.  The  writer  denounced 
it  as  a  Popish  custom  !  W. 

A  dead  Sultan,  with  his  Shirt  for  an  Ensign 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  76.).  —  MR.  WARDEN  will  find  a  long 
and  interesting  description  of  Saladin  in  Knolles' 
Turkish  History,  pp.  33.  57.,  published  in  London 
by  Adam  Islip  in  1603.  I  take  from  this  learned 
work  the  following  curious  anecdote  : 

"  About  this  time  (but  the  exact  period  is  not  stated) 
died  the  great  Sultan  Saladin,  the  greatest  terrour  of 
the  Christians ;  who,  mindfull  of  man's  fragilitie,  and 
the  vanitie  of  worldly  honours,  commanded  at  the  time 
of  his  death  no  solemnitie  to  be  vsed  at  his  burial},  but 
only  his  shirt  in  manner  of  an  ensigne,  made  fast  vnto 
the  point  of  a  lance,  to  be  carried  before  his  dead  bodie 
as  an  cnsigne.  A  plaine  priest  going  before  and  cry- 
ing aloud  vnto  the  people  in  this  sort :  '  Saladin  Con- 
querour  of  the  East,  of  all  the  greatnesse  and  riches  hee 
had  in  this  life,  cnrrieth  not  with  him  after  his  death  any- 
thing  more  than  his  shirt.'" — "  A  sight  (says  Knolles) 
woorthie  so  great  a  king,  as  wanted  nothing  to  his 
eternall  commendation,  more  than  the  true  knowledge 
of  his  salvation  in  Christ  Jesu." 

W.  W. 

Malta. 

"  Hovd  maet  of  laet"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.)-  —  One 
of  your  correspondents  desires  an  explanation  of 
this  phrase,  which  he  found  in  the  corner  of  an 
old  Dutch  picture.  It  is  a  Flemish  proverb;  I 
translate  it  thus  : 

"  Keep  within  bounds,  though  'tis  late." 
It  may  either  be  the  motto  which  the  artist 
adopted  to  identify  his  work  while  he  concealed 


258 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


his  name  ;  or  it  may  be  descriptive  of  the  picture, 
which  then  would  be  an  illustration  of  this  pro- 
verb. Inscribed  either  by  the  artist  himself,  or 
by  some  officious  person,  who  thus  "  tacked  the 
moral  full  in  sight." 

I  think  I  have  seen  a  similar  inscription  some- 
where in  Flanders  on  an  antique  drinking-cup, 
a  very  appropriate  place  for  such  wholesome 
counsel. 

I  should  like  to  know  the  subject  of  the  picture 
your  correspondent  refers  to.  In  modern  Dutch 
the  proverb  reads  thus  : 

"  Houd  maat  of  laat." 

E.  F.  WOODMAN. 

The  above  Dutch  proverb  means,  in  English  : 
"  Keep  within  bounds,  or  leave  off." 


Captain  Eyre's  Drawings  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  207.).  — 
The  mention  of  Captain  Eyre's  drawings  of  the 
Fortifications  in  London,  and  the  editorial  note 
appended  thereto,  remind  me  of  an  inquiry  I  have 
long  been  desirous  of  making  respecting  the 
curious,  if  authentic,  drawings  by  this  same 
Captain  Eyre,  illustrative  of  Shakspeare's  resi- 
dence in  London,  described  in  one  of  your  earlier 
volumes  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  545.).  I  have  not  myself 
Lad  an  opportunity  of  consulting  Mr.  Halliwell's 
first  volume,  but  a  friend  who  looked  at  it  for  me 
says  he  could  not  find  any  account  of  them  there. 
In  whose  possession  are  they  now  ?  M.  A. 

Shrewsbury. 

Sir  Thomas  Browne  and  Bishop  Ken  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  220.).  —  Had  MR.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT  re- 
ferred to  a  preceding  volume  of  "N.  &  Q." 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  10.),  he  would  have  seen  that  the 
"  coincidences  "  between  these  writers  had  been 
already  noticed  in  your  pages  by  one  of  the 
bishop's  biographers. 

The  life  of  Ken,  from  the  pen  of  your  corre- 
spondent, is  omitted  in  MR.  MACKENZIE  WAL- 
COTT'S  list,  and  may  be  equally  unknown  to  that 
gentleman  as  the  note  before  mentioned  ;  but  in 
the  Quarterly  Review  (vol.  Ixxxix.  p.  278.),  and 
in  many  pages  of  Mr.  Anderdon's  valuable  vo- 
lume, MR.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT  will  find  ample 
mention  of  the  work  in  question. 

J.  H.  MARKLAND. 

Unfinished  Works  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.).—  J.  M.  is 
informed  that  Dr.  Shirley  Palmer's  Medical  Dic- 
tionary is  finished.  From  the  Preface  it  appears 
to  have  been  finished  in  1841  ;  but  not  published 
(in  a  complete  form)  till  1845,  with  the  title  A 
Pentaglot  Dictionary  of  the  Terms  employed  in 
Anatomy,  &c.  ;  London,  Longman  &  Co.  ;  Birming- 
ham, Langbridge.  M.  D. 


"  The  Lounger's  Common-place  Book"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  174.).  —  The  editor  of  this  publication  was 
Jeremiah  Whitaker  Newman,  who  died  July  27, 
1839,  aged  eighty  years.  Some  information  re- 
specting him  and  his  work,  supplied  by  me,  ap- 
peared in  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine,  June,  1846. 

J.  R.  W. 

Bristol. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


to 


We  are  unavoidably  compelled  to  postpone  our  usual  NOTES  ON 
BOOKS,  &c. 

MR.  FERGUSON,  of  the  Exchequer  Record  Office,  Dublin,  re- 
turns fit's  best  thanks  to  J.  O.  for  his  most  acceptable  present  of 
a  book  of  poems. 

'  Will  AN  OLD  F.S.A.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  who  writes  to  us  that 
the  "  Eyre  drawings  are  authentic,"  oblige  us  with  his  name  f  It 
is  obvious  that  anonymous  testimony  can  have  little  weight  in 
such  a  case,  when  opposed  to  that  of  known  and  competent 
authorities. 

WORKING  MAN  will  find  the  English  equivalents  for  French 
weights  and  measures,  and  much  of  the  information  he  desires,  in 
Wiilich's  Popular  Tables. 

Bb.  (Bradford)  will  probably  find  in  the  Journal  of  a  Naturalist, 
White's  Selborne,  and  the  valuable  series  of  works  illustrative  of 
the  Natural  History  of  England,  published  by  Van  Voorst  of 
Paternoster  Row,  the  materials  of  which  he  stands  in  need,  and 
references  to  other  authorities. 

C.  R.  will  find  scattered  through  our  Volumes  many  modern 
instances  of  the  mode  of  discovering  the  drowned,  to  which  his 
communication  refers. 

Ann  HA.  Our  Correspondent  should  procure  a  valuable  tract, 
entitled  An  Argument  for  the  Greek  Origin  of  the  Monogram 
IHS,"  published  by  the  Cambridge  Camden  Society  (Masters), 
which  clearly  shows  that  this  symbol  informed  out  of  the  first  two 
and  the  last  letter  of  the  Greek  word  IH2OT2. 

P.  H.  F.  The  communication  for  warded  on  "  Lines  attributed 
to  Hudibras,"  will  be  found  in  our  1st  Volume,  p.  210. 


F.  T.     The  Weekly  Pacquet  and  the  Popish  Courant  is   one 

and  the  same  periodical,  the  latter  being  merely  nn  appendix  to 

the  former,  and  printed  continuously,  as  shown  by  the  running 

'•  paginal  figures ;  so  that  when   Chief  Justice  Scroggs  prohibited 

\  the  publication  of  the  former,  he  at  the  same  time  suppressed  the 

|  latter. 

A  BEGINNER.  We  again  repeat  that  we  cannot  point  out 
particular  warehouses  for  the  purchase  of  photographic  materials. 
Our  advertising  columns  will  show  where  they  are  to  be  pur- 
chased at  every  variety  of  price. 

C.  K.  P.  (Newport).  From  the  specimen  forwarded,  we  doubt 
whether  the  paper  is  Turner's  ;  ij  it  is,  it  is  not  his  desirable 
make.  The  negative  it  is  evident,  from  Us  redness  and  want  of 
gradation  of  tint  throughout,  has  been  far  too  long  exposed. 
We  have  seen  the  brown  spots  complained  of  occur  when  the  paper 
has  been  too  long  excited  before  use. 

E.  Y.  (Rochester).  It  is  probable  that  the  spot  of  which  you 
complain  is  from  light  reflected  from  the  bottom  of  the  camera, 
not  from  the  interior  of  the  lens.  If  so,  the  application  of  a  piece 
of  black  velvet  would  remedy  this.  As  the  spot  is  always  in  one 
place,  it  must  depend  upon  light  reflected  from  some  one  spot. 

M.  DE  S.  (Tendring).  We  trust  to  be  able  to  send  a  very 
satisfactory  reply  in  the  course  of  a  few  days.  We  have  delayed 
answering  only  from  a  desire  to  accomplish  our  Correspondent's 
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rpO  NERVOUS  SUFFERERS.— 

_l  A  retired  Clergyman  having  been  restored 
to  health  in  a  few  days,  after  many  years  of 
great  nervous  suffering,  is  anxious  to  make 
known  to  others  the  MEANS  of  a  CURE  ;  will 
therefore  send  free,  on  receiving  a  stamped  en- 
velope, properly  addressed,  a  copy  of  the  pre- 
scription used. 

Direct  the  REV.  E.  DOUGLASS,  18.  Holland 
Street,  Brixton,  London. 


CERTIFICATES  IN  DRAW- 
ING are  granted  to  SCHOOLMASTERS 
SCHOOLMISTRESSES,  by  the  DE- 


md 


PARTMENT  OF  SCIENCE  AND  ART, 
•which  will  enable  the  holders  of  them  to  ob- 
tain an  Augmentation  of  Salary  from  the 
Committee  of  Council  for  Education. 

CLASSES  for  the  INSTRUCTION  of 
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Teachers  in  Freehand  and  Drawing,  Linear 
Geometry,  Perspective  and  Model  Drawing, 
are  formed  in  the  Metropolis  in  the  following 
places  : 

1.  MARLBOROUGH  HOUSE,  Pall  Mall 

Meeting  on  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday 
and  Friday  Evenings,  from  7  to  9  ;  and  Satur- 
days, from  1  to  3. 

2.  SPITALFIELDS,  Crispin  Street.  -Meet- 
ing on  Wednesday  and  Friday  Evenings,  from 
7  to  9. 

3.  GORE  HOUSE,  Kensington.  —  Meeting 
on  Monday  and  Thursday  Evenings,  from  7 
to  9. 

FEE  for  the  Session  of  Five  Months,  from 
March  to  August,  5s. 

For  information,  and  Specimens  of  the  Ex- 
amination Papers,  apply  to  the  Secretaries  of 
the  Department  of  Science  and  Art,  Marl- 
borough  House,  Pall  Mall,  London. 


PENNETT'S       MODEL 

I  >  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold.  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed, and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2Z.,3Z.,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  229. 


TMPERIAL    LIFE    INSTJ 

JL  RANGE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 

Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  IIIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 
WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman* 


The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth, 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  5007.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  507.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  term  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,0007.,  of  which  nearly 
140,0007.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 
On  the  31st  October,  1853,  the  sums 

Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  £2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -  800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 

same  source,  to 


Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  ING  ALL,  Actuary. 


pHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
8_aTes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  of 
sizes  and  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Cord  Street,  Liverpool  ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 

WH.  HART,  RECORD 
•  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indjces  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  ensraged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

1  .ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCH  AM,  SURREY. 


WESTERN    LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


eknell,Esq. 
iks.Jun.  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


M.P. 

G.  II.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustees. 

W.Whateley,Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ins  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectu_s. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
1007.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  — 


Age  £  s.  d.  I  Age 

17  -  -  -  1  14    4  |    32 

22  -  -  -  1  18    8       37 

27  -  -  -  2    4    5       42 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10*.  Bd.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAMERAS. 

1  - OTTE WILL  &  MORGAN'S  Manu- 
factory, 24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace,  Caledonian 
Road.  Islington.  OTTE  WILL'S  Registered 
Double  Body  Folding  Camera,  adapted  for 
Landscapes  or  Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A. 
ROSS,  Featherstone  Buildings.  Holborn  ;  the 
Photographic  Institution,  Bond  Street  :  and 
it  the  Manufactory  as  above,  where  erery  de- 
scription of  Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may 
be  had.  The  Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
;hree  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 

23.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKTN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
[odizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
nd  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 


ublished  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
_  roperties  and  appreciation    of  half-tin'  fi 
which  their  manufacture  lias  been  esteemed. 


for 


Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

ITIVE  PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Po-t,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHS, by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish   and    Continental     Artists,    is     OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 

*A  Portrait 'by "Mr.  TalbotV  Patent  *  ''  **' 

Process  -          ...          _          -  1  1    o 

Additional  Copies  (each)          -  -  0  5    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 
(small  size)      -  -  -  -330 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -          -          -          -  5  5    0 

Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour, and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho-' 
tographic  Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  and  other  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Viev  *.-*••  ...  .1  .  -..-,  .-. 

and 


Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
d  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in. 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    PAPERS 

L  manufactured  by  MESSRS.  TOW- 
GOOD,  of  St.  Neot's  Mills,  as  mentioned  in, 
"  Notes  and  Queries,"  No.  220.,  Jan.  14.  Com- 
mercial and  Family  Stationery.  &c. 

Depot  for  all  Works  on  Physiology.  Phreno- 
logy, Hydropathy,  &c.  Catalogues  sent  free  oa 
application. 

London  :  HORTELL  &  SHIRRESS, 
492.  New  Oxford  Street. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEOKOE  BELL,  of  No.  1«B.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
CHy  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid Saturday,  March  18.  1654. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTERCOMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  230.] 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  25.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 

t  Stamped  Edition,  Qd. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Original  Ensrlish  Royal  Letters  to  the 
Grand  Masters  of  Malta,  by  William 

Winthrop 263 

Fata  Morgana,  by  J.  Macray      -  -    267 

On   the   Destruction   of    Monumental 

Brasses 268 

Original  Letter  of  the  Countess  of 
Blessington  to  Sir  William  Drum- 
mond  -----  288 

MINOR  NOTES:— The  late  Judge  Tal- 
fourd  —  Authors'  Trustee  Society  — 
The  Old  Clock  at  Alderley  —  The 
Olympic  Plain,  &c.  —  Electric  Tele- 
graph—Irish  Law  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century  — Gravestone  Inscriptions  -  269 

QUERIES:  — 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Paintings  of  Our 
Saviour  —  Heraldic  —  Dedication  of 
Kemerton  Church  —  Consolato  del 
Mare— Consonants  in  Welsh- Atone- 
ment —  Sir  Stephen  Fox  —  "  Account 
of  an  Expedition  to  the  Interior  of 
New  Holland  " — Darwin  on  Steam  — 
Scottish  Female  Dress  — "The  Inno- 
cents," a  Drama— Waugh  of  Cum- 
berland —  Norton  —  De  La  Fond  — 
"  Button  Cap  "— Cobb  Family—Prince 
Charles'  Attendants  in  Spain  —  Sack  270 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Ralph  Ashtou  the  Commander  — 
Christ9pher  Hervie  —  Dannocks  — 
Brass  in  All  Saints,  Newcastle-uoon- 
Tyne  — Imperfect  Bible  —  The  Poem 
of  "  Helga  "  —  "  Merryweather's 
Tempest  Prognosticator  "  —  Edward 
Spencer's  Marriage  —  Yew-tree  at 
Crowhurst  -  -  -  -  272 

REPLIES:  — 


The  Electric  Telegraph  in  1753  - 
Factitious  Pedigrees  :  Dixon  of  Beeston, 

by  Lord  Monson,  E.  P.  Shirley,  &c.   - 
Licences  to  Creuellate,  by  the  Kev.  W. 

Sparrow  Simpson,  &c.    -  -  - 

Is  owspaper  Folk  Lore,  by  C.  Mansfield 

Ingleby,  &c. 


leby,  &c. 

French  Season  Rhymes  and  Weather 
Rhymes,  by  Edgar  MacCulloch 

Tault  Interments  :  Burial  in  an  Erect 
Posture  :  Interment  of  the  Troglo- 
ditte  -  278 

Do  Conjunctions  join  Propositions  only  ? 
by  H.  L.  Mansel,  ace.  -  -  279 

Has  Execution  by  Hanging  been  sur- 
vived ?  -  -  -  -  280 

THOTOORAPHJC    CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  A 
Stereoscopic      Note  —  Photographic 
Query  _  Deepening  Collodion  Nega- 
tives —  Caution  to  Photographers       -    282 
REPLIES    TO     MINOR     QCBRIES  :  —  Ar- 
tesian   Wells  —  Prior's    Epitaph    on 
Himself  _  Handwriting  _  "  Begging 
the    Question"  —When    and    where 
•  lay  begin  or  end  ?  —  Precious 
Grievance— "Corpora- 
:is  nave  no  Souls,"  &c.  —  Devereux 
B.nvly  _  Reversible   Names  - Duval 
!•  amily,  ic.  -  283 

MISCELLANEOUS  : 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.      -           -  2?8 

Books  mid  Odd  Volumes  wanted  -    289 

.Notices  to  Correspondents       -  -    i!89 

VOL.  IX — No.  230. 


A  New  Edition,  in  fcap.  8vo.,  price  10s.  cloth  ; 
12s.  bound  in  embossed  roan  ;  or  12s.  6d.  calf 
lettered. 

MAUNDER'S     HISTORICAL 
TREASURY  :   Comprising  a  General 
oductory  Outline   of  Universal  History, 
Ancient  and  Modern,  and  a  Series  of  separate 
Histories   of  every   piincipal  Nation.      New 
Edition,  revised. 

Also,  all  uniform  in  size  and  price, 

MAUNDER'S    BIOGRAPHI- 
CAL TREASURY ; 

MAUNDER'S       TREASURY 

OF  KNOWLEDGE  ; 

TREASURY  OF    NATURAL 

HISTORY ;  and 

SCIENTIFIC  and  LITERARY 

TREASURY. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


Just  published,  in  12mo.,  price  9s.  Gd.,  cloth, 

AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 
LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  CICERO, 
translated  from  the  German  of  ABEKEN. 
Edited  by  the  REV.  C.  MERIVALE,  B.U., 
late  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge  ; 
Author  of,"  History  of  the  Romans  under  the 
Empire,"  "The  Fall  of  the  Roman  Repub- 
lic," &c.  >j>  •+• 

London :  'LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
*  &  LONGMANS. 


A  RCH^EOLOGY      OF      THE 

±\.    STREETS  OF  DUBLIN,  and  CELTIC 
RECORDS  OF  IRELAND,  ETC. 

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D.D. 

ARTHUR  HALL,  VIRTUE,  &  CO., 


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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


263 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  25,  1854. 


OKIGJNAL  ENGLISH  ROYAL   LETTERS    TO  THE  GRAND 
MASTERS    OF    MALTA. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  101.) 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  last  English 
royal  letters  which  we  sent  were  translations  of 
those  from  Henry  VIII.  to  L'Isle  Adam  ;  and 
finding  none  recorded  of  Edward  VI.,  Mary  I., 
Elizabeth,  James  I.,  Charles  I.  (or  from  Crom- 
well), we  come  to  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  We 
have  now  before  us  ten  letters  bearing  the  auto- 
graph of  this  monarch,  all  of  which  we  hope  to 
forward  in  due  course  according  to  their  dates. 
The  two  of  the  earliest  date  are  as  follow.  The 
first  was  written  to  introduce  the  English  Admiral, 
Sir  Thomas  Allen,  who  had  been  sent  with  a 
squadron  into  the  Mediterranean  to  protect 
English  commerce  ;  and  the  second,  to  claim  from 
the  Order  a  large  amount  of  property  which  be- 
longed to  Roger  Fowke,  the  English  consul  at 
Cyprus,  and  had  been  seized  by  a  Maltese  com- 
mander in  one  of  his  cruises  against  the  Turks  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  that  island.  Their  perusal 
will  serve  to  show  the  deep  interest  taken  by 
Charles  II.  in  all  which  related  to  the  commercial 
affairs  or  legal  rights  of  his  subjects. 

WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 

Malta. 

No.  VII. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Nicholas  Cottoner,  Grand  Master  of  the 
Order  of  Malta,  our  well-beloved  cousin  and 
friend  —  Greeting  : 

Most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince,  our 
well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

Having  deemed  it  fitting  to  despatch  a  squadron 
of  ships  under  the  command  of  our  well-beloved 
and  valiant  Sir  Thomas  Allen,  Knight,  for  the 
protection  of  the  freedom  of  navigation  and  com- 
merce of  our  subjects  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea, 
which  is  never  too  sure,  and  sometimes  becomes 
endangered,  we  have  determined  to  request  your 
highness,  by  right  of  amity,  to  permit  him  and 
our  ships  under  his  command,  as  friends,  to  touch, 
in  case  of  need,  at  any  of  the  coasts  of  your 
highness1  dominions  ;  and  also  to  allow  our  ships 
to  inak'2  use  of  your  highness'  harbours,  whenever 
it  may  become  necessary  to  refit  or  re-victual 
them  ;  and  that  they  may  purchase  at  a  proper 
price  those  things  which  they  may  require,  and 
experience  such  other  offices  of  friendship  and 
humanity  as  may  be  needful  :  and  as  we  no  way 
doubt  of  your  highness'  amicable  feelings  towards 


us  and  ours,  we  are  desirous  that  your  highness 
should  be  assured  that  on  any  opportunity  offer- 
ing, we  will  reciprocate  with  equal  readiness  and 
benevolence. 

It  only  remains  for  us  to  express  our  wishes 
for  your  highness'  perfect  health  and  prosperous 
success  everywhere. 

Given  in  our  Palace  of  Westminster,  on  the 
17th  day  of  the  month  of  January,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1667-68. 

Your  Highness'  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 
No.  VIII. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Nicholas  Cottoner,  Grand  Master  of  the 
Order  of  Malta,  our  well-beloved  cousin  and 
friend  —  Greeting : 

Most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince,  our 
well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

Some  years  have  elapsed  since  we  first  addressed 
letters  to  your  highness  concerning  certain  goods 
and  merchandise,  to  the  value  of  4500  pieces  of 
eight,  which  had  been  unjustly  seized  by  some 
of  the  ships  which  it  is  customary  to  despatch 
annually  from  your  highness'  island  to  cruise 
against  the  Turks  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cy- 
prus, from  our  subject  Roger  Fowke,  a  person  for 
many  reasons  by  us  well  beloved,  and  our  consul 
in  the  island  of  Cyprus ;  and  also  concerning  the 
sentence  which,  after  many  delays  and  much 
trouble,  had  been  at  last  unjustly  given  in  favour 
of  your  people. 

Farther  complaints  have,  however,  been  re- 
ceived from  our  subject,  stating  that  our  letters 
have  had  little  effect  with  your  highness,  and  that 
he,  already  wearied  with  long  expectation,  has  not 
had  anything  restored,  that  his  expenses  are  in- 
creasing to  a  great  amount,  and  that  little  or  no 
hope  remains  of  reparation  for  his  loss. 

Painful,  indeed,  was  it  to  us  to  hear  our  subject 
relate  such  injustice  on  the  part  of  the  Knights  of 
Malta ;  we,  however,  thought  it  right  to  make  it 
clearly  appear  that  nothing  has  remained  untried 
to  bring  back  to  more  sane  counsels  the  generous 
minds  of  the  Maltese  ;  and  therefore,  under  the 
advice  of  our  Privy  Council,  we  deemed  proper  to 
refer,  without  loss  of  time,  the  complaint  of  our 
subject,  together  with  the  letters  which  we  for- 
merly addressed  to  your  highness,  and  those 
which  your  highness  latterly  wrote  to  us,  to  our 
advocate  in  our  High  Court  of  Admiralty,  Sir 
Robert  Wyseman,  Knight ;  who,  having  well 
considered  the  whole,  has  expressed  his  opinion  in 
the  following  terms : 

"  I  have  read  and  seriously  pondered  the  pe- 
tition of  Roger  Fowke,  transmitted  to  me  by  your 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


Majesty's  special  mandate ;  as  also  the  letters 
written  by  your  Majesty  to  the  Grand  Master  of 
the  Order  of  Malta  in  favour  of  the  above-men- 
tioned, and  those  from  the  said  Grand  Master  in 
reply ;  and  it  is  evident  to  me,  after  mature  ex- 
amination, that  your  Majesty  has  done  so  much, 
and  that  it  is  proved  that  the  sentence  of  the 
Maltese  Tribunal  against  the  said  Roger  Fowke 
was  pronounced  contrary  to  right  and  justice  (as 
is  clearly  shown  in  the  letters  written  by  your 
Majesty  to  the  Grand  Master)  ;  that  therefore  it 
appears  to  be  incumbent  on  me  only  to  set  forth 
to  your  Majesty,  and  to  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council,  whether  it  be  my  opinion  that  sufficient 
satisfaction  has  been  given  by  the  Grand  Master's 
letters  to  your  Majesty,  who  by  the  above-cited 
letters  demand  restitution  ;  and  if  not,  whether  in 
consequence  it  be  lawful  to  your  Majesty  to  grant 
the  so-called  letters  of  reprisal,  on  which  subject 
I  be<*  humbly  to  submit  to  your  Majesty,  and  to 
the  singular  prudence  and  judgment  of  the  above- 
mentioned  Lords,  this  my  opinion  ;  that  is  to  say, 
that  the  answers  of  the  Grand  Master  are  so  far 
from  being  in  any  way  satisfactory,  that  from  them 
it  may  be  easily  perceived  that  the  above-men- 
tioned Grand  Master,  although  he  does  not  deny 
in  express  terms  reparation  for  his  loss  to  the 
above  Roger,  nevertheless  does  not  decree  any- 
thing certain  on  this  head  ;  from  which  your  Ma- 
jesty may  reasonably  conclude  that  the  said  re- 
paration was  refused.  Nor  does  it  tend  to  his 
defence  that  he  asserts  that  all  that  was  done  by 
his  tribunal  was  done  by  solemn  sentence,  that 
the  judges  were  men  of  great  reputation,  and 
that  it  is  to  be  believed  that  the  reasons  pro- 
duced by  both  sides  were  justly  considered ;  for 
judicial  authority  is  not  of  the  same  value  as  re- 
gards foreigners  and  subjects.  It  is  not  lawful 
for  subjects  to  demand  a  re-examination  of  the 
sentence  pronounced  by  their  superiors,  although 
to  foreign  princes  it  entirely  appertains  to  make 
such  demand,  in  cases  interesting  themselves  or 
their  subjects ;  otherwise,  if  all  given  sentences 
were  considered  as  freeing  nations  from  reprisals, 
such  decrees  might  perhaps  be  obtained  in  any 
case,  even  though  manifestly  unjust ;  and  conse- 
quently it  is  by  all  agreed  to  be  a  just  cause  for 
reprisals,  not  only  when  justice  is  not  rendered, 
but  also  when  in  any  case,  not  of  a  doubtful 
nature,  judgment  may  have  been  given  against 
right ;  although  certainly,  in  cases  of  a  doubtful 
nature,  the  presumption  would  be  in  favour  of 
those  who  may  have  been  elected  as  public 
judges.  Had  the  Grand  Master  indicated  to 
your  Majesty  that  the  said  Roger  Fowke  might 
have  preferred  an  appeal  against  the  sentence 
pronounced  against  him  to  a  superior  tribunal, 
and  that  by  the  negligence  of  the  said  Roger  the 
first  sentence  had  become  affirmed,  in  that  case 
the  remedy  demanded  by  your  Majesty  would 


have  been  untenable ;  but  the  said  Grand  Master 
makes  no  mention  of  such  appeal :  I  am  therefore 
of  opinion  that  nothing  in  the  law  of  nations 
could  militate  against  the  lawfulness  of  your  Ma- 
jesty's granting  letters  of  reprisal  in  the  manner 
demanded. 

(Signed)  ROBERT  WYSEMAN." 

Without  doubt  the  law  of  nations  would  war- 
rant our  extorting  from  the  hands  of  your  high- 
ness' subjects,  by  issuing  letters  of  reprisal,  that 
which  we  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  after  so 
many  years  by  means  of  the  letters  written  in 
favour  of  our  beloved  subject  and  friend  ;  and  the 
deplorable  state  of  the  said  Roger  requires  that  we 
should  now  exact  by  our  own  authority  that  which 
we  have  in  vain  sought  to  obtain  by  means  of 
simple  communications.  But  taking  into  serious 
consideration  the  lamentable  present  state  of 
Christianity,  and  the  daily  augmentation  of  the 
large  empire  of  our  common  enemy,  and  how  dis- 
tinguished has  been  the  valour  of  the  Maltese 
knjghts,  always  constantly  exposing  themselves  as 
a  bulwark  to  so  pertinacious  an  enemy,  it  would 
be  very  painful  to  us  to  be  compelled  to  have  re- 
course to  reprisals,  or  to  any  such  severe  mode  of 
proceeding,  for  the  reparation  of  the  loss.  The 
glory  also  of  tjie  Christian  name,  so  often  valiantly 
defended,  has  caused  us  willingly  to  believe  that 
we  must  not  yet  despair  of  obtaining  from  your 
highness'  authority  that  reparation  for  his  loss 
which  our  subject  hopes  to  obtain  by  reprisal,  and 
therefore,  putting  aside  the  remedy  of  right,  and 
our  Privy  Council  persuading  us  to  milder  mea- 
sures, we  have  thought  proper  by  this  letter ^ to 
seriously  request  your  highness,  by  that  justice 
which  is  the  duty  of  princes,  and  of  the  defenders 
of  Christianity,  to  deign  to  procure  without  delay 
to  our  trustworthy  subject,  who  has  suffered  so 
great  an  injustice  from  the  Maltese  Tribunal,  and 
who  is  exhausted  by  the  delays  of  so  many  years, 
full  compensation  for  all  his  losses,  including  also 
the  amount  of  his  expenses  ;  so  that  we  may  never 
have  cause  to  regret  that  we,  putting  aside  the 
law  of  nations,  have  till  now  abstained  from  re- 
prisal, and  so  that  henceforth  the  world  may  eu- 
Ipgise  the  Maltese  as  not  being  less  just  than 
valiant. 

We  have  only  now  to  recommend  your  high- 
ness and  all  your  Knights  to  the  most  good  and 
most  great  God. 

Given  in  our  Palace  of  Whitehall  on  the  29th 
day  of  April,  of  the  year  of  Human  Redemption 
1668,  and  of  our  reign  the  twentieth. 
Your  Highness' 

Good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 

Raphael  Cottoner,  to  whom  the  last  letter  was 
addressed,  ascended  the  Maltese  throne  in  Octo- 
ber, 1663,  on  the  decease  of  his  brother  Raphael. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


All  historians  agree  in  stating  that  he  was  a  man 
of  a  noble  carriage,  high  and  honourable  charac- 
ter, and  withal  a  clever  diplomatist.  He  died  in 
March,  1680,  after  a  happy  and  glorious  rule,  in 
the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age,  and  seventeenth 
of  his  reign.  The  following  letter  written  by  him 
may  be  of  sufficient  interest  to  excuse  its  length. 
Its  perusal  will  show  the  great  respect  which  was 
paid  by  the  Order  of  St.  John  to  an  English  mon- 
arch, and  the  "incorruptible"  manner  in  which 
justice  was  administered  at  this  island  nearly  two 
centuries  ago. 

To  the  King  of  Great  Britain. 

Most  serene  and  invincible  King  : 
A  short  time  since  John  Ansely,  the  attorney 
of  Roger  Fowke,  delivered  to  us  your  most  serene 
Majesty's  gracious  letters,  in  reply  to  mine  regard- 
ing the  affair  of  the  said  Roger  ;  from  which,  not 
without  great  disturbance  of  mind,  I  perceived 
Low  incorrectly  what  had  taken  place  had  been 
reported  to  your  Majesty.  But  my  grief  was  in 
some  measure  assuaged  by  your  Majesty's  continued 
benignant  protection  of  this  my  Order ;  through 
•which  it  came  to  pass  that  it  was  determined  to 
abstain  from  granting  the  letters  of  reprisal  which 
it  was  the  opinion  of  your  Majesty's  advocate  in 
the  High  Court  of  Admiralty,  inserted  in  the 
above-mentioned  Eoyai  Letters,  might  have  been 
granted  to  the  aforenamed  Roger,  for  which  I 
truly  return  your  Majesty  my  most  sincere  and 
humble  thanks.  The  above  Roger  still  claims  of 
right  the  sum  of  4,500  pieces  of  eight,  which  he 
asserts  had  been  formerly  seized  by  some  armed 
ships  of  this  island ;  from  which  sum,  together 
with  the  expenses  incurred,  or  to  be  incurred,  he 
forms  another  greater  sum  of  about  24,500,  which 
he  also  claims. 

But  as  it  would  sufficiently  appear  from  your 
Majesty's  letter,  which  contains  the  above-men- 
tioned opinion  of  the  said  advocate,  and  also  from 
the  verbal  report  made  to  me  by  the  said  John 
Ansely,  that  your  Majesty  felt  persuaded  that  the 
said  Roger  had  both  lost  his  cause  before  the 
Judge  of  the  Prize  Court,  and  subsequently  been 
denied  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court,  and, 
lastly,  that  his  attorney  had  been  treated  with 
violence,  rather  than  under  any  order  of  right,  I, 
to  confess  the  truth,  being  much  mortified,  cannot 
but  endeavour,  with  all  due  respect  in  my  power, 
to  demonstrate  the  real  state  of  the  case  to  your 
Majesty ;  and  hope,  by  a  more  faithful  narrative 
of  all  that  occurred,  to  convince  your  Majesty  of 
that  equal  distribution  of  justice  which  in  this 
place  is  constantly  observed,  both  to  the  inhabit- 
ants and  foreigners,  with  incorruptible  honesty. 

Before,  however,  beginning  to  explain  the  affair 
from  its  commencement,  it  behoves  me  to  inform 
your  Majesty,  that  not  only  subjects  of  Christian 
Princes,  but  Greeks  and  Armenians,  and  other 


persons  subject  to  the  rule  of  the  Turks,  the  bit- 
terest enemies  of  this  Order,  are  continually 
coming  to  these  islands  for  the  purpose  of  insti- 
tuting or  continuing  suits  at  law  against  the  cap- 
tains of  our  ships  and  other  inhabitants,  yet  we 
have  never  heard  from  them  that  justice  is  either 
denied  or  refused.  I  therefore  humbly  beseech 
your  Majesty  to  consider,  and  with  benignant 
mind  to  reflect,  what  faith  ought  to  be  given  to 
those  who  have  dared  to  affirm  that  any  contrary 
course  had  been  pursued  or  tolerated  by  me 
against  the  said  Roger  ;  and  the  more  so,  as  it  has 
been  the  constant  wish  of  my  Order  to  deserve 
well  of  your  Majesty's  subjects,  and  to  take  par- 
ticular care  of  all  foreigners.  This  we  trust  will 
be  sufficiently  shown  from  the  fact  of  our  always 
having  employed  one  of  the  principal  lawyers  to 
undertake  the  defence  of  foreigners  ;  not  indeed 
altogether  gratuitously,  but  under  such  laws  and 
restrictions  that  he  must  remit  to  them  the  third 
part  of  the  usual  stipend  which  it  is  customary  to 
receive  from  the  inhabitants,  and  even  my  knights. 
From  which  it  may  be  concluded  how  well  and 
how  honourably  foreigners  are  treated  here,  and 
how  unlikely  it  is  that  justice  should  be  denied  to 
any  of  those  who  it  is  proved  are  favoured  with 
such  grace  and  love. 

But  to  return  to  the  affair  in  question,  I  hum- 
bly submit  to  your  Majesty,  that  in  the  year  of 
our  salvation  1661,  John,  called  De  St.  Amand, 
acting  as  attorney  in  the  name  of  the  above-men- 
tioned Roger,  appeared  before  the  aforesaid  judge 
of  the  Prize  Court,  demanding  the  restitution  of 
different  kinds  of  merchandise,  which  he  asserted 
had  been  seized  by  certain  captains  of  ships  ;  but 
it  not  appearing  to  the  said  judge  that  he  had 
produced  convincing  proofs  of  the  fact,  they  were 
declared  inadequate,  and  not  sufficiently  legal. 
From  this  decision  the  said  attorney,  as  is  usual 
in  such  controversies,  appealed,  on  the  10th  of 
July,  1662,  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Audience  in 
council,  at  which  I,  together  with  the  Chief  Grand 
Crosses  of  my  Order,  assist ;  but  he  afterwards  of 
his  own  accord  neglected  to  follow  up  said  appeal. 

Subsequently,  in  the  year  1665,  there  appeared 
another  attorney  of  the  said  Roger  furnished  with 
letters  from  your  most  serene  Majesty,  to  whom  I 
immediately  explained  that  I  had  no  right  to 
order  the  actual  restitution  of  the  money  de- 
manded ;  but  that  if  he  would  act  according  to 
law,  and  seek  it  by  a  judgment,  I  promised  to  give 
my  co-operation,  which  I  undoubtedly  would 
have  done  ;  so  that  he  might  have  been  permitted 
by  the  said  Court  of  Audience  to  recommence  the 
suit,  although  it  had  been  in  a  former  instance 
deserted.  But  the  attorney  having  replied  that 
he  was  not  furnished  with  this  authority,  left  the 
island  of  his  own  free  will  and  accord. 

From  that  time  no  other  person  has  appeared, 
except  the  above-mentioned  John  Ansely,  who 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


recently  delivered  to  me  your  Majesty's  above- 
mentioned  letter  ;  which  I  having  thought  proper 
to  communicate  to  my  Council,  I  procured  that 
the  venerable  brethren  Henry  de  Estampes  Va- 
lancay,  the  Grand  Prior  of  Campania,  and  Don 
Gregory  Caraffa,  Prior  of  Rocella,  should  be  de- 
puted commissioners  to  examine  this  case.  And 
they  having  heard  what  the  said  Ansely  had  to 
say,  offered  to  him  in  my  name,  and  in  that  of  all 
my  Order,  an  opportunity  to  make  an  appeal 
which  had  been  deserted ;  but  the  said  Ansely, 
for  want  of  proper  authority  as  he  stated,  did  not 
accept  the  proposition. 

Such  being  the  case,  I  reverently  submit  to 
your  most  serene  Majesty  the  following  argu- 
ments, to  which  I  earnestly  entreat  your  Majesty 
to  apply  your  Royal  attention,  and  your  Majesty's 
accustomed  serenity  and  clemency. 

In  the  first  place,  it  is  possible  that  the  said 
Roger  may  have  been  really  deprived  of  his 
property ;  but  it  does  not  follow  that  the  proofs 
adduced  by  him  of  that  fact  were  perfectly  con- 
vincing, or  entirely  in  accordance  with  the  law. 
And  even  if  they  had  been  such,  they  might  have 
appeared  otherwise  to  the  said  judge  of  the  Prize 
Court ;  and  it  is  on  this  account  that  the  Supe- 
rior of  Ten  rescind  the  decrees  of  the  Inferior 
Tribunals. 

Secondly,  the  omission  to  continue  the  above- 
cited  appeal,  can  in  no  way  be  attributed  to  the 
judges  of  this  island ;  neither  is  it  true  that  any 
threats  were  made  use  of  towards  the  above- 
mentioned  attorney.  Such  a  course  would  have 
been  diametrically  opposed  to  the  statutes  of  my 
Order  ;  neither  would  its  members  have  dared  to 
act  in  such  a  manner,  either  against  foreigners  or 
the  inhabitants  my  subjects,  without  incurring  a 
heavy  responsibility. 

Finally,  as  it  is  impossible  for  my  knights, 
putting  aside  the  order  of  right,  and  neglecting 
the  rule  of  our  statutes,  to  restore  to  the  above- 
mentioned  Roger  that  which  he  claims,  nothing 
remains  in  our  power  but  to  grant  him  the  faculty 
of  again  prosecuting  his  right  before  the  above- 
mentioned  Court  of  Audience  as  in  law  so  often 
and  earnestly  offered  to  the  aforenamed  attorney. 
Nor  certainly  can  it  be  presumed,  that  your  Ma- 
jesty in  your  clemency  and  justice  can  desire  any- 
thing farther.  To  this  conclusion  I  am  the  more 
drawn  from  the  decision  of  the  advocate  of  the 
Admiralty  himself,  for  he  proposes  the  granting 
of  letters  of  reprisal  not  for  any  other  reason  than 
that  he  supposed  justice  had  been  denied  to  the 
said  Roger,  and  that  he  had  been  precluded  from 
the  remedy  of  a  Court  of  Appeal.  This  having 
been  an  erroneous  conclusion,  the  entire  found- 
ation of  the  above-mentioned  opinion  is  wholly 
removed.  And  it  is  the  more  to  be  hoped  that 
this  decision  will  be  approved  of  by  your  most 
serene  Majesty,  as  my  necessary  subjection  to  the 


Apostolic  See  and  to  the  Roman  Pontiff  cannot 
be  unknown  to  your  Majesty.  From  which  it 
necessarily  results  that  so  large  a  sum  could  not 
be  taken  arbitrarily  or  by  force  from  the  parties 
concerned,  without  grave  reprehension  and  pre- 
judice, and  also  without  infringing  the  forms  of 
right  as  prescribed  in  the  statutes  above  alluded  to. 

Confiding  therefore  in  the  singular  clemency  of 
your  Majesty,  I  entertain  a  hope  that  your  Ma- 
jesty, moved  by  so  many  and  such  valid  reasons, 
and  considering  also  the  high  respect  of  this  my 
Order  towards  your  Majesty,  will  be  pleased  to 
direct  the  said  Roger  not  to  prosecute  his  right 
by  other  means  than  by  action  at  law  before  the 
said  Court  of  Audience.  And  that  he  at  length 
will  cease  to  excite  the  mind  of  your  Majesty 
against  the  innocent  by  any  such  vain  and  unjust 
complaints  ;  and  that  he  refrain  from  any  more 
seeking  so  inopportune  and  final  a  remedy  of 
right,  as  the  concession  of  letters  of  reprisal  against 
an  Order  obediently  subject  to  the  wishes  of  your 
Majesty,  and  most  ready  to  do  anything  for  the 
advantage  and  utility  of  your  Majesty's  subjects, 
as  those  who  daily  touch  at  these  islands  to  re- 
victual  or  refit  their  ships  can  testify.  And  now, 
in  my  own  name,  and  in  that  of  my  Order,  I 
humbly  submit  all  this  to  your  Majesty  by  these 
letters,  as  I  shall  also  do  shortly  by  a  Nuncio, 
whom  I  shall  send  to  your  Majesty  with  the 
necessary  documents,  in  order  mure  clearly  to  prove 
the  truth  of  my  statements. 

In  the  mean  time,  most  submissively  kissing 
your  Majesty's  most  serene  hands,  I  devotedly 
implore  the  benignity  of  the  Most  High  and  the 
Most  Great  God  to  grant  to  your  Majesty  pros- 
perity in  all  things. 

Given  at  Malta,  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  Feb- 
ruary, in  the  year  1669. 

Your  Serene  Majesty's 

Most  obedient  Servant, 

COTTONER. 

To  the  above  submissive  letter  the  following 
reply  was  sent : 

No.  IX. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith,  &c.  &c.  &c. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Nicholas  Cottoner,  Grand  Master  of  the 
Order  of  Malta.  Our  well-beloved  cousin  and 
friend,  Greeting: 

Most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince,  our 
well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

Your  highnesses  letters  of  February, 

having  been  delivered  to  us  by  the  Nuncio  selected 
by  your  highness  for  that  purpose,  we  caused 
Roger  Fowke,  our  subject  and  Consul  in  the  island 
of  Cyprus,  in  whose  favour  we  sometime  since 
addressed  your  highness,  to  be  summoned  before 


MAE.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


Us,  and  having  well  pondered  the  grounds  and 
reasons  in  which  your  highness'  replies  are  based, 
we  judged  it  right  to  announce  farther  to  our 
said  subject,  that  in  our  opinion  the  power  of 
appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Audience  offered 
to  him  by  your  highness,  after  his  attorney's  pre- 
vious neglect  in  the  first  instance,  ought  not  by 
any  means  to  be  slighted  ;  and  that  it  did  not  seem 
to  Us  there  remained,  all  things  considered,  any 
other  hope  of  future  remedy.  This  we  did  the 
more  willingly,  in  order  to  prove  to  your  highness 
jnore  clearly,  that  being  so  dear,  and  so  highly 
esteemed  by  Us,  as  is  your  highness  personally, 
and  all  your  knights,  that  we  have  preferred  ac- 
cepting any  mode  of  properly  settling  this  affair, 
rather  than,  by  recurring  to  any  harsher  measures, 
diminish  our  friendship  and  affection  towards  so 
celebrated  an  Order.  This,  our  determination, 
We  have  also  made  known  by  our  letters  to  the 
Grand  Prior  of  France  ;  and  of  which  testimony 
may  be  borne  by  the  bearer  of  the  present,  to 
whom  we  have  thought  proper  particularly  to  re- 
commend the  urging  of  your  highness,  in  Our 
name,  to  see  that  such  certain  and  speedy  method 
of  justice  be  established  in  the  affair  of  our  sub- 
ject as  may  be  lawful,  and  as  was  offered ;  and 
such  as  may  afford  new  and  sound  proof  of  our 
ancient  amity,  and  establish  and  affirm  a  mutual 
faith  worthy  of  the  Christian  name. 

In  the  mean  time,  We,  from  our  heart,  recom- 
mend your  highness,  and  all  your  knights,  to  the 
safeguard  of  the  Most  Good  and  Most  Great  God. 

Given  from  our  Palace  of  Westminster  on  the 
7th  day  of  June,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1669, 
and  of  our  reign  the  twenty-first. 

Your  Highness'  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 
No.  X. 
Charles  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain, 

France,   and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the 

Faith,  &c.  £c.  £c. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince,  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cottoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  very  dear  cousin  and  friend,  Greeting  : 

We  apprehend  that  long  since  it  must  have 
come  to  the  knowledge  of  your  eminence,  that  a 
vessel  of  war  of  our  Royal  fleet,  named  the  "  Sap- 
phire," went  ashore  some  months  ago  on  the  coasts 
of  Sicily;  and  was  so  much  damaged,  that  she 
became  entirely  unseaworthy.  We  have  however 
heard,  that  some  guns  which  belonged  to  the  said 
ship  have  been  taken  to  the  island  of  Malta,  and 
there  preserved.  Having,  in  consequence,  ordered 
our  well-beloved  and  faithful  subject  Rudolf 
Montague,  the  Master  of  the  Horse  of  our  most 
serene  Consort,  and  our  Minister  near  his  most 
Christian  Majesty,  to  send  there  some  fitting  per- 
son to  inquire  after  any  remains  of  the  said  wreck, 
and  to  dispose  of  them  in  a  manner  most  advan- 


tageous to  Us,  we,  as  friends,  beg  your  eminence 
to  be  pleased  to  interpose  your  authority ;  so  that 
the  persons  already  sent,  or  hereafter  to  be  sent 
by  our  said  Minister,  may  experience  no  delays 
nor  impediments,  but  rather  find  all  favour  and 
due  aid  from  each  and  every  chief  of  the  arsenal, 
ports  and  customs,  and  other  officers  to  whom  it 
may  appertain  ;  which  we,  in  a  similar  case,  will 
endeavour  fully  to  reciprocate  to  your  eminence. 

In  the  mean  time  we  recommend,  with  all  our 
heart,  your  eminence  to  the  protection  of  the 
Most  Good  and  Most  Great  God. 

Given  from  our  Palace  of  Whitehall,  on  the 
28th  day  of  November,  1670. 

Your  Eminence's  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 
CHARLES  REX. 


FATA    MORGANA. 


Not  having  met  with  the  following  account,  in 
any  English  newspaper,  of  a  phenomenon  said  to 
have  been  witnessed  quite  recently  in  Germany,  I 
beg  to  send  you  a  translation  from  the  Allgemeine 
Zeitung  (generally  quoted  in  England  by  the  name 
of  the  Augsburgh  Gazette)  of  February  13,  de- 
tailing, in  a  communication  from  Westphalia,  the 
particulars  of  a  phenomenon,  new,  perhaps,  to 
your  pages,  but  by  no  means  new  to  the  world. 

"  WESTPHALIA.  —  If  the  east  has  its  Fata  Morgana, 
we,  in  Westphalia,  have  also  quite  peculiar  natural 
phenomena,  which,  hitherto,  it  has  been  as  impossible 
to  explain  satisfactorily,  as  to  deny.  A  rare  and 
striking  appearance  of  this  description  forms  now  the 
subject  of  universal  talk  and  comment  in  our  province. 
On  the  22nd  of  last  month  a  surprising  prodigy  of 
nature  was  seen  by  many  persons  at  Biiderich,  a  village 
between  Unna  and  Werl.  Shortly  before  sunset,  an 
army,  of  boundless  extent,  and  consisting  of  infantry, 
cavalry,  and  an  enormous  number  of  waggons,  was  ob- 
served to  proceed  across  the  country  in  marching  order. 
So  distinctly  seen  were  all  these  appearances,  that  even 
the  flashing  of  the  firelocks,  and  the  colour  of  the  ca- 
valry uniform,  which  was  white,  could  be  distinguished. 
This  whole  array  advanced  in  the  direction  of  the 
wood  of  Schafhauser,  and  as  the  infantry  entered  the 
thicket,  and  the  cavalry  drew  near,  they  were  hid  all 
at  once,  with  the  trees,  in  a  thick  smoke.  Two  houses, 
also,  in  flames,  were  seen  with  the  same  distinctness. 
At  sunset  the  whole  phenomenon  vanished.  As 
respects  the  fact,  government  has  taken  the  evidence  of 
fifty  eye-witnesses,  who  have  deposed  to  a  universal 
agreement  respecting  this  most  remarkable  appearance. 
Individuals  are  not  wanting  who  affirm  that  similar 
phenomena  were  observed  in  former  times  in  this 
region.  As  the  fact  is  so  well  attested  as  to  place  the 
phenomenon  beyond  the  possibility  of  successful  dis- 
proof, people  have  not  been  slow  in  giving  a  meaning 
to  it,  and  in  referring  it  to  the  great  battle  of  the 
nations  at  Birkenbaum,  to  which  the  old  legend,  par- 
ticularly since  1848,  again  points." 

J.  MACRAY. 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230, 


ON  THE   DESTRUCTION   OF   MONUMENTAL   BRASSES. 

Any  person  might  naturally  be  led  to  suppose, 
on  seeing  the  many  costly  and  learned  works 
which,  within  the  last  few  years,  have  appeared 
on  the  subject  of  monumental  brasses,  that  their 
value  was  now  fully  appreciated,  and  that  all  due 
care  was  taken  to  ensure  their  preservation,  or  at 
least  prevent  their  wanton  destruction.  But,  un- 
happily, such  is  far  from  being  the  case;  and 
though  rubbings  of  brasses  are  to  be  found  in 
every  antiquarian  society,  and  in  the  possession 
of  very  many  private  individuals,  the  church- 
wardens and  otber  parties  on  whom  their  pre- 
servation principally  depends,  are  for  the  most 
part  wilfully  blind  to  their  importance  as  histo- 
rical memorials,  and  with  impunity  allow  them  to 
be  mutilated  or  stolen.  In  many  of  our  country, 
and  I  may  also  add  town  churches,  are  these  in- 
teresting records  of  the  dead  stowed  away  as  use- 
less lumber  in  the  vestry,  or  hidden  by  some  ugly 
modern  pew.  The  writer  wishes  to  make  known, 
through  the  medium  of  your  valuable  journal, 
some  "instances  which  have  fallen  under  his  own 
observation,  in  the  hope  that  those  who  read  may 
make  some  exertions  to  rectify  such  acts  of  dese- 
cration where  they  have  already  occurred,  and  to 
prevent  their  future  recurrence. 

To  begin,  then,  with  the  most  important  as  re- 
gards the  loss  incurred  by  the  antiquary,  though 
all  show  an  equal  want  of  good  feeling  and  neg- 
lect of  things  sacred,  I  will  first  offer  the  substance 
of  a  few  notes  taken  during  a  recent  excursion  to 
Cobham,  Kent.  The  brasses  in  this  church  have 
long  been  noted  as  presenting  some  of  the  most 
interesting  early  examples  of  this  species  of  mo- 
nument, extending  from  the  year  1320  to  1529. 
They  exemplify  almost  every  variety  of  costume 
that  prevailed  during  that  period,  executed  with 
the  most  artistic  skill,  and  accompanied  with  the 
most  elegant  accessories  in  the  shape  of  canopies, 
brackets,  and  allegorical  designs.  Imagine,  then, 
the  feelings  of  the  antiquary,  who,  upon  approach- 
ing the  chancel  where  most  of  these  brasses  lie, 
finds  that  it  is  flooded  with  water  !  The  roof  has 
gradually  fallen  to  decay,  and  the  Earl  of  Darn- 
ley,  whose  property  the  chancel  is,  has  refused  to 
repair  it.  And  yet  this  same  nobleman  can  spend 
thousands  of  pounds  in  adorning  his  seat,  Cobham 
Hall,  the  ancient  domain  of  the  family,  in  whose 
commemoration  most  of  these  brasses  are  laid 
down.  I  may  also  here  mention  that  part  of  the 
rood-screen  which  forms  the  back  of  the  earl's 
pew  has  been  glazed,  in  order,  I  suppose,  to  keep 
out  the  damp  of  the  chancel,  while  a  portion  on 
the  other  side  has  been  entirely  cut  away.  This 
is  by  far  the  most  flagrant  case  of  neglect  which  I 
have  ever  witnessed ;  but  there  are  several  minor 
instances  which  well  demand  exposure.  At  Men- 
cllesham,  Suffolk,  is  a  fine  large  figure  of  John 


Knyvet,  Esq.,  in  armour,  almost  entirely  con- 
cealed by  a  pew  passing  up  the  whole  length  of 
the  brass.  Now,  for  a  very  little  expense,  the 
slab  might  be  removed  and  laid  down  again  in 
the  chancel.  At  Polstead,  in  the  same  county,  is 
a  small  brass  of  a  civilian  and  family,  date  about 
1490,  hidden  in  the  same  manner  ;  and  a  figure  of 
a  priest  in  the  chasuble,  lying  Joose  in  the  Vestry.. 
Also  at  Little  Waldingfield  is  a  brass  in  memory 
of  Robert  Appleton  and  wife,  1526,  of  which  the 
male  figure  is  covered  by  a  pew.  In  Upminster 
Church,  Essex,  were  found,  not  very  long  since, 
during  the  progress  of  some  alterations,  two  loose 
female  figures  under  the  flooring  of  a  pew,  which 
are  still  left  to  be  tossed  about  in  the  vestry.  One 
is  an  elegant  figure  of  a  lady  in  heraldic  mantle 
and  horned  head-dress,  with  a  dog  at  her  feet, 
date  about  1450,  the  other  about  1630.  At  St. 
James's,  Colchester,  the  head  of  a  figure  was  long 
left  loose,  till  at  last  it  has  been  stolen.  And,  to 
conclude,  pews  have  lately  been  built  over  two 
brasses  at  Margate,  one  of  which  is  an  early  ex- 
ample of  a  skeleton.  To  these  instances,  which 
have  fallen  under  my  own  observation,  I  doubt 
not  that  every  collector  can  add  several  others  of 
the  same  description  ;  but  these  are  sufficient  to 
show  the  wide  extent  of  the  evil,  and  the  neces- 
sity of  correction.  F.  G. 


ORIGINAL   LETTER    OF    THE    COUNTESS    OF   BLES- 
SINGTON    TO    SIR    WILLIAM   DRUMMOND. 

Mr  DEAR  SIR  WILLIAM  DRUMMOND.  —  The 
perusal  of  your  beautiful  poem  Odin  has  delighted 
me  so  much,  that  I  cannot  deny  myself  the  grati- 
fication of  expressing  my  thanks  to  its  author ; 
and  at  the  same  time  demanding,  why  so  exquisite 
a  poem  remains  unfinished  ? 

It  is  cruel  to  your  readers,  and  unjust  to  Eng- 
land, to  leave  such  a  work  incomplete ;  it  is  like 
the  unfinished  statues  of  Michael  Angelo,  which 
no  hand  has  ever  been  found  hardy  enough  to 
touch,  for  I  am  persuaded  that  we  have  no  living 
poet  who  could  write  a  sequel  to  Odin. 

Do  not  think  me  presumptuous  for  venturing 
to  give  my  opinion  on  poetry ;  I  have  studied  it 
from  my  infancy,  and  my  admiration  for  it  is  so 
enthusiastic,  that  I  feel  more  strongly  than  I  can 
reason  on  the  subject.  With  this  passion  foi? 
poetry,  you  can  more  easily  imagine  than  I  can 
describe,  the  delight  that  Odin  gave  me.  I  have 
copied  many  passages  from  it  in  my  Album  under 
different  heads :  such  as  Contemplation  ;  Love  of 
Country  ;  Liberty ;  Winter  ;  Morning  ;  Medi- 
tation on  a  Future  State ;  Immortality  of  the 
Soul ;  Superstition  ;  Vanity  of  Life  ;  Jealousy  ; 
and  many  others  too  numerous  to  mention.  And 
they  are  of  such  transcendent  merit,  as  to  be 
above  all  comparison,  except  with  Shakspeare  or 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


Milton.  In  the  sublimity  and  harmony  of  your 
verses,  you  have  equalled,  if  not  surpassed,  the 
latter;  and  in  originality  of  ideas  and  variety, 
you  strikingly  resemble  the  former ;  but  neither 
can  boast  of  anything  superior  to  your  beautiful 
episode  of  "  Skiold  and  Nora." 

Hitherto,  my  dear  Sir  William  Drummond,  I 
have  looked  on  you  as  one  of  the  first  scholars  and 
most  elegant  prose  writers  of  the  age  ;  but,  at  pre- 
sent, permit  me  to  say  that  I  regard  you  as  the 
first  poet. 

When  I  have  been  charmed  with  the  produc- 
tions of  writers,  who  were  either  personally  un- 
known to  me,  or  unhappily  dead,  how  have  I 
regretted  not  being  able  to  pour  out  my  thanks 
for  the  pleasure  they  had  afforded  me  :  in  this 
instance  I  rejoice  that  I  have  the  happiness  of 
knowing  you,  and  of  being  able  to  express,  though 
feebly,  the  admiration  with  which  your  genius 
inspires  me  ;  and  of  offering  up  my  fervent  prayers 
that  you  may  be  long  spared  to  adorn  and  do 
honour  to  the  age  which  is,  and  ought  to  be, 
proud  to  claim  you.  In  writing  to  you  I  abandon 
rny  pen  to  the  guidance  of  my  heart,  which  feels 
with  all  the  warmth  for  which  Irish  hearts  are  so 
remarkable.  A  poet  can  understand  and  pardon 
this  Irish  warmth,  though  a  philosopher  might 
condemn  it ;  but  in  addressing  you,  I  forget  that 
I  am  writing  to  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  the 
last  class,  and  only  remember  that  I  am  talking  of 
Odin  to  the  most  admirable  of  the  first. 

I  am  at  present  reading  Academical  Questions, 
which,  if  7  dare  take  possession  of,  should  not 
again  find  their  way  to  Chiaja;  Odin  I  shall  most 
unwittingly  resign,  as  I  find  it  belongs  to  Lady 
Drummond ;  but  if  you  have  any  other  of  your 
works  by  you,  will  you  have  the  goodness  to  lend 
them  to  me  ?  Pray  name  what  day  you  will  dine 
•with  us,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Stewart,  to  whom  I 
owe  my  best  acknowledgments  for  having  lent  me 
Odin. 

Believe  me, 

My  dear  Sir  William  Drummond,  to  be 
With  unfeigned  esteem, 

Sincerely  yours, 
MARGUERITE  BLESSINGTOW. 

Villa  Gallo,  April  24th,  1825. 

The  above  Letter  is  copied  from  the  original  in 
my  possession.  A.  G. 

Edinburgh. 


The  late  Judge  Talfourd. —  Some  years  since  I 
ventured  to  request  information  as  to  the  proper 
way  of  pronouncing  the  word  _E7/«,  from  the  ta- 
lented and  kind-hearted  Judge  Talfourd,  whose 
days  have  just  been  brought  to  a  close  under  such 
truly  awful  circumstances.  The  ready  reply  which 


he  gave  to  an  unknown  inquirer,  whilst  it  illus- 
trates the  courtesy  and  cordiality  of  his  character, 
may  prove  interesting  to  your  readers. 


Sir, 


Temple,  June  15,  1838. 


I  have  the  honour  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of 
your  letter  of  the  llth,  and  to  express  my  plea- 
sure at  finding  that  you  sympathise  with  me  in. 
genial  admiration  of  the  delightful  person  to 
whom  it  refers.  All  I  know  respecting  the  sig- 
nature of  Elia  will  be  found  at  p.  65  of  the  second 
volume  of  Lamb's  Letters.  It  was  the  real  name 
of  a  coxcombical  clerk  thirty  years  dead,  whom 
Lamb  remembered  at  the  South  Sea  House,  and 
prefixed  to  his  first  essay  (which  was  on  the  "  Old 
South  Sea  House ")  in  the  London  Magazine.  The 
editor  afterwards  used  it  to  distinguish  Lamb's 
articles,  and  he  finally  adopted  it.  The  i  is  short 
(Elia).  It  is  an  Italian  name. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be, 

Sir, 
Your  obedient  and  faithful  servant, 

T.  N.  TALFOURD. 

C.  W.  B. 

Authors'  Trustee  Society.  —  Authors,  as  a  class, 
are  perhaps  the  most  unfit  men  in  the  world  to 
make  the  most  of  their  own  property ;  and  were 
they  ever  so  competent,  it  will  often  happen  that 
their  works  do  not  attain  to  any  great  value  as 
copyrights  till  after  the  poor  author  is  laid  in  his 
grave.  It  is  then,  when  his  family  are  sometimes 
exposed  to  severe  distress,  that  more  favourable 
terms  might  be  obtained  from  publishers ;  but 
there  is  no  one  left  who  is  capable  of  acting  for 
the  benefit  of  the  widow  or  children. 

A  Society  might  be  formed  to  take  charge  as 
trustees  of  the  property  of  an  author  in  his  works, 
to  make  engagements  with  booksellers  for  the 
privilege  of  publishing  future  editions  as  they  may 
be  required,  and  to  take  care  that  the  honorarium 
for  each  edition  be  duly  paid  into  the  hands  of 
the  person  who  is  entitled  to  receive  it. 

No  expense  would  attend  the  formation  of  such 
a  Society.  Its  meetings  could  be  held  at  scarcely 
any  cost.  The  advertisements,  to  announce  from 
time  to  time  what  works  are  open  for  offers  from 
printers,  booksellers,  and  publishers,  would  amount 
to  a  very  small  sum  in  the  course  of  the  year  — 
I  dare  say  the  Editor  of  "  N".  &  Q."  would  insert 
them  gratuitously.  But,  if  necessary,  a  small  per- 
centage on  the  fees  paid  would  cover  all  the  dis- 
bursements of  the  Society.  L.  P.  K. 

The  Old  Clock  at  Alderley.  —  In  the  investiga- 
tion of  this  very  old  and  curious  piece  of  mecha- 
nism by  the  Kev.  Joseph  Bockett,  in  the  year 
1833,  an  inscription  was  found  signifying  that  it 
was  presented  to  the  church  of  Alderley  by  the 
great  Sir  Matthew  Hale.  It  was  copied,  verbatim 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


et  literatim,  by  tbe  said  reverend  gentleman,  and 
is  as  follows : 

"  This  is  the  Guift  of  the  Right  Honourahle  the 
Lord  Cheif  Justice  Heale  to  the  Parish  Church  of 
Alderly.  John  Mason,  Bristol,  Fecit,  Novem.  1st 
1673." 

It  appears,  by  this  inscription,  to  have  been 
presented  on  his  birth-day  ;  which,  from  his  tomb, 
was  found  to  be  November  1.  Alderley  is  the 
family  place  of  the  Hale  family  to  this  day. 

JULIA  R.  BOCKETT. 
Southcote  Lodge. 

The  Olympic  Plain,  &fc. — The  success  which 
has  attended  the  excavations  of  Dr.  Layard  at 
Nineveh,  has  rekindled  the  curiosity  of  the  anti- 
quary and  the  classical  scholar  with  regard  to  the 
buried  remains  of  ancient  Greece  and  Rome  : 

"  The  Tiber  at  Rome,"  Dodwell  says,  "  is  supposed 
to  contain  a  vast  assemblage  of  ancient  sculpture  ;  and 
thoughts  are  entertained  of  turning  its  course,  in  order 
to  explore  its  hidden  treasures." 

The  same  distinguished  traveller  remarks  (Clas- 
sical and  Topog.  Tour  through  Greece)  that  — 

<*It  was  a  favourite  plan  of  the  learned  Winkelmann  to 
raise  a  subscription  for  the  excavation  of  the  Olympic 
plain.  If  such  a  project  should  ever  be  consummated, 
we  may  confidently  hope  that  the  finest  specimens  of 
sculpture,  as  well  as  the  most  curious  and  valuable 
remains,  will  be  brought  to  light.  No  place  abounded 
with  such  numerous  offerings  to  the  gods,  and  with 
such  splendid  and  beautiful  representations  in  marble 
and  in  bronze." 

ALPHA. 
Oxford. 

Electric  Telegraph.  —  Might  not  the  telegraph 
be  made  serviceable  in  remote  country  districts, 
by  connecting  detached  residences  with  the  near- 
est police  station ;  to  which  an  alarm  might  be 
conveyed  in  cases  of  danger  from  thieves  or  fire  ? 
There  are  many  who  would  willingly  incur  the 
expense  for  the  sake  of  the  security,  and  no  doubt 
all  details  could  be  easily  arranged. 

THINKS  I  TO  MYSELF. 

Irish  Law  in  the  Eighteenth  Century. — I  send, 
for  the  information  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.," 
the  following  extract  from  Reilly's  Dublin  News 
Letter,  Aug.  9,  1740  : 

"  Last  week,  at  the  assizes  of  Kilkenny,  a  fellow  who 
was  to  be  tried  for  robbery  not  pleading,  a  jury  was 
appointed  to  try  whether  he  was  wilfully  mute,  or  by 
the  hands  of  God  ;  and  they  giving  a  verdict  that  he 
was  wilfully  mute,  he  was  condemned  to  be  pressed  to 
death.  He  accordingly  suffered  on  Wednesday,  pur- 
suant to  his  sentence,  which  was  as  follows  :  that  the 
criminal  shall  be  confined  in  some  low  dark  room, 
where  he  shall  be  laid  on  his  back,  with  no  covering 
except  round  his  loins,  and  shall  have  as  much  weight 


laid  upon  him  as  he  can  bear,  and  more  ;  that  he  shall 
have  nothing  to  live  upon  but  the  worst  bread  and 
water;  and  the  day  that  he  eats,  he  shall  not  drink; 
and  the  day  that  he  drinks,  he  shall  not  eat;  and  sa 
shall  continue  till  he  dies." 

Is  it  to  be  believed  that,  so  late  as  the  year 
1740,  such  barbarity  (to  call  it  nothing  worse) 
was  practised  according  to  law  within  the  limits 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  ?  I  would  be  glad 
to  hear  from  some  correspondent  upon  the  subject. 

ABHBA. 

Gravestone  Inscriptions.  —  In  the  churchyard  of 
Homersfield  (St.  Mary,  Southelmham),  Suffolk, 
was  the  gravestone  of  Robert  Crytoft,  who  died 
Nov.  17,  1810,  aged  ninety,  bearing  the  following 
epitaph  : 

"  Myself. 

As  I  walk'd  by  myself  I  talk'd  to  myself, 

And  thus  myself  said  to  me, 
Look  to  thyself  and  take  care  of  thyself, 

For  nobody  cares  for  thee. 
So  I  turn'd  to  myself,  and  I  answer'd  myself 

In  the  self-same  reverie, 
Look  to  myself  or  look  not  to  myself, 

The  self-same  thing  will  it  be." 

This  stone  was  some  years  since  taken  up,  and 
has  remained  Standing  in  the  church  tower.  I 
know  not  whether  the  lines  be  original,  but  I  have 
never  seen  them  elsewhere. 

The  following  were  and  may  be  now  in  St. 
Stephen's  churchyard,  Ipswich,  on  the  stone  of 
one  Stephen  Manister,  clerk  to  Mr.  Baron  Thomp- 
son, who  died  in  1731,  and  by  his  will  desired  the 
following  words  to  be  there  inscribed : 

"  What  I  gave  I  have,  w*  I  spent  I  had, 
What  I  left  I  lost  for  want  of  giving  it." 

G.  A.  C. 


Paintings  of  Our  Saviour.  —  In  Mrs.  Jameson's 
Legends  of  the  Monastic  Orders,  it  is  stated  that 
"  The  painter,  Andrea  Vanni,  was  among  the 
devout  admirers  of  St.  Catherine ; "  and  that 
"  among  his  works  was  a  head  of  Christ,  said  to 
have  been  painted  under  the  immediate  instruc- 
tion of  St.  Catherine ;  representing  the  Saviour  as 
she  had,  in  her  visions,  beheld  him.  Unhappily 
this  has  perished."  Also,  on  the  authority  of  Mr. 
Sterling,  that  St.  Juan  de  la  Cruz,  the  friend  of 
St.  Theresa,  "  on  one  occasion  when  the  Saviour 
appeared  to  him,  made  an  uncouth  sketch  of  the 
divine  apparition  ;  which  was  long  preserved  as 
a  relique  in  the  Convent  of  the  Incarnation  at 
Avila." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  supply  particulars  of, 
or  references  to,  other  similar  portraitures,  espe- 
cially of  any  still  in  existence  ?  J.  P. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


Heraldic.  —  Can  any  of  your  heraldic  corre- 
spondents inform  me  to  what  families  the  follow- 
ing coat  of  arms  belongs  : — Gules,  a  fess  sanguine 
between  three  trefoils  slipped  proper  ?  There  is 
in  this  the  not  very  frequent  occurrence  of  a 
coloured  charge  upon  a  coloured  field.  The  only 
similar  instance  I  now  remember  is  Denham, 
Suffolk  :  Gules,  a  cross  vert.  LOCCAN. 

Dedication  of  Kemerton  Church.  —  The  church 
at  Kemerton,  Gloucestershire,  was,  until  a  few 
years  ago,  marked  by  the  authorities  with  a  blank, 
just,  as  the  church  of  Middleton  ("  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  v.,  p.  372.)  ;  but  it  has  now  been  discovered, 
it  would  appear,  to  have  been  dedicated  to  St. 
Nicholas.  How,  or  where  ?  I.  R.  R 

Comolato  del  Mare.  —  The  maritime  code  of 
the  Venetians  derived  from  Barcelona,  observed 
also  by  the  Genoese  and  Pisans,  was  called  "  Con- 
so!  ato  del  Mare,"  A.D.  1200.  Why  was  it  so 
called  ?  R.  H.  G. 

Consonants  in  Welsh. — It  has  often  been  as- 
serted that  the  Welsh  language  is  remarkable  for 
the  number  of  its  consonants.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  acquainted  with  that  language  inform  me 
whether  there  is  a  larger  proportion  of  consonants 
in  Welsh  than  in  English  ?  Messrs.  Chambers, 
in  a  recent  number  of  their  Repository,  say  : 

"On  the  road  to  Merthyr,  we  heard  a  drunken 
Welshman  swear ;  oh  for  words  to  describe  the  effect ! 
His  mouth  seemed  full  of  consonants,  which  cracked 
and  cracked,  and  ground  and  exploded,  in  an  extraor- 
dinary way,"  &c. 

Is  this  a  true  representation  of  the  case  ?      J.  M. 

"  Initiative  "  and  "  Psychology."  — 

"...  a  previous  act  and  conception  of  the 
mind,  or  what  we  have  called  an  initiative,  is  indis- 
pensably necessary,  even  to  the  mere  semblance  of 
method." —  Coleridge's  Treatise  on  Method. 

Am  I  to  understand  from  this  sentence  that  this 
word  was  an  original  adaptation  of  Coleridge's  ? 
If  not,  when  was  it  first  introduced,  and  by  whom  ? 

In  the  same  treatise,  Coleridge  employs  the 
word  psychological,  and  apologises  for  using  an 
insolens  verbum.  Was  this  the  first  occasion  of 
the  familiar  use  of  this  word  ?  I  find  psychology 
in  Bailey.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 

Atonement.  —  Can  you  or  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  when  the  word  "  atonement  "  first  came 
into  use,  and  when  it  was  first  applied  to  the  work 
of  reconciliation  wrought  by  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  ?  It  is  used  once  only  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment (Romans  v.  11.),  and  there  the  word  does 
not  quite  convey  the  meaning  of  the  original 
Ka.Ta\\ayrj.  The  etymology  of  it  seems  so  purely 


English,  that  one  would  hardly  expect  to  find  the 
present  use,  or  rather  adaptation,  of  the  word,  so 
very  modern  as  it  appears  to  be.  J.  II.  B. 

Sir  Stephen  Fox. — Chambers'  Journal,  No.  515., 
Nov.  12,  1853,  p.  320.,  says  : 

"  Charles  James  Fox,  who  died  in  1806,  at  the  age 
of  fifty-seven,  had  an  uncle  who  was  paymaster  of  the 
forces  in  1679,  the  year  of  the  battle  of  Bothwell 
Bridge,  and  his  grandfather  was  on  the  scaffold  with 
Charles  I." 

After  consulting  several  books  on  the  subject,  I 
find  that  this  latter  statement  is  just  possible ;  but 
I  cannot  learn  under  what  circumstances  Sir 
Stephen  Fox  accompanied  Charles  I.  to  the  scaf- 
fold. Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  the 
desired  information  ?  N.  J.  A. 

"Account  of  an  Expedition  to  the  Interior  of  New 
Holland." — Can  any  one  tell  me  the  name  of  the 
writer  of  a  book  with  the  title  I  have  here  given  ? 
It  was  edited  by  Lady  Mary  Fox,  and  published, 
in  one  vol.  8vo.,  by  Bentley,  in  the  year  1837.  I 
may  be  mistaken,  but  I  think  I  can  recognise  the 
style  of  a  well-known  writer.  ABHBA. 

Darwin  on  Steam. — Where  are  the  prophetic 
lines  by  Dr.  Darwin  to  be  found,  commencing  : 

"  Soon  shall  thy  power,  unrivalled  steam,  from  far 
Drag  the  slow  barge,  and  urge  the  rapid  car." 

UMEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Scottish  Female  Dress. — When  did  ladies  cease 
to  use  hair-powder,  face-patches,  hoops,  and  high- 
heeled  shoes  ?  An  old  lady  of  about  seventy  re- 
collects perfectly  that  her  mother  wore  them  all 
(so,  she  thinks,  did  her  visitors,  who  came  to  a 
dish  of  tea)  except  the  hoop,  which  was  reserved 
for  grand  occasions.  On  the  introduction  of  the 
new-fangled  low-heeled  shoes,  she  recollects  her 
mother  tottering  about  on  them  like  a  novice  on 
skates,  and  groaning  with  pains  in  her  legs,  a 
victim  to  a  change  of  fashion  !  At  this  time,  she 
adds,  was  in  every- day  use  the  milk  tally  and 
bread-nick-stick.  The  first,  that  represented  in 
Hogarth's  picture ;  the  second,  a  stick  about  a 
foot  long,  four-sided,  on  which  each  loaf  was  re- 
gistered by  a  notch  or  nick  in  the  stick ;  the  ser- 
vant kept  a  similar  nick-stick  as  a  check  on  the 
baker ;  but  during  the  flirtation,  common  then  as 
now  on  such  occasions,  the  old  lady  slyly  remarks, 
the  baker  often  gallantly  nicked  the  check-stick, 
as  well  as  his  own,  with  a  couple  of  notches  for 
one.  Hence,  possibly,  the  decline  and  fall  of  the 
use  of  this  wooden  system  of  book-keeping  by 
double  notch.  Is  any  date  assigned  to  the  ceasing 
of  the  practice  of  using  the  wooden  tally  and  nick- 
stick  ?  C.  D.  LAMONT. 

Greenock. 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


"  The  Innocent*"  a  Drama. — Who  is  the  au- 
thor of  a  small  volume  of  poetry,  published  anony- 
mously about  the  year  1825,  and  which  is  very 
favourably  noticed  in  the  New  Monthly  Magazine 
for  January,  1826,  vol.  xviii.  The  title  of  the 
volume  is,  The  Innocents,  a  Sacred  Drama ;  Ocean 
and  the  Earthquake  at  Aleppo,  Poems.  S.  N. 

Waugh  of  Cumberland.  —  Can  you  inform  a 
Waugh,  the  family  arms  of  Waugh  of  Cumber- 
land ;  to  whom  they  were  first  granted,  and  why  ? 

A  SUBSCRIBER. 

Norton. — Wanted,  the  origin  of,  or  the  sources 
of  information  respecting,  this  name,  the  appella- 
tion of  so  many  villages,  &c.  in  Oxfordshire.  A 
family  of  the  name  of  Norton,  after  residing  in 
those  districts  for  many  generations,  have  long 
moved  to  London,  and  are  not  possessed  of  the 
information  sought  by  the  inquirer.  N". 

De  La  Fond.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  ex- 
plain the  following  inscription  on  an  engraving  by 
P.  Lombart  of  De  La  Fond,  and  its  application  ? 

"  In  effigiera  De  La  Fond,  Galli 

Festivissimi,  apud    Batavos,    Ephemeridum   Histori- 

carum  Scriptoris, 

Distichon. 

Mille  oculis  videt  hie  Fondus  mille  auribus  audit ; 
Plus  audit  naso,  plus  videt  ille,  suo." 

A.F.B. 
Diss. 

"  Button  Cap"  —  In  the  north  of  Ireland  there 
is  a  belief  that  just  before  a  war  breaks  out,  the 
spirit  of  an  ancient  warder  of  Carrickfergus 
Castle  is  heard  examining  the  arms  stored  there, 
and,  if  they  are  not  entirely  to  his  satisfaction,  he 
shows  his  displeasure  by  making  an  awful  clatter 
among  them.  Has  old  "  Button  Cap  "  (for  that 
is  his  name)  been  inspecting  the  arms  lately  ? 
What  is  the  legend  connected  with  him  ?  If  I 
mistake  not,  he  is  said  to  be  the  spirit  of  a  warder 
who  was  drowned  in  the  castle  well  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth.  FRAS.  CROSSLET. 

Cobb  Family.  —  Richard  Cobb,  Esq.,  and  his 
wife  Joan,  were  painted  by  Sir  Peter  Lely  be- 
tween 1641  and  1680.  These  portraits  are  now 
in  my  possession.  Elizabeth  Cobb,  granddaughter 
of  the  above,  married,  circa  1725,  the  Rev.  Thos. 
Pagefc,  at  that  time  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi,  Ox- 
ford. Thus,  Richard  Cobb  would  be  born  circa 
1634,  his  son  circa  1667,  and  his  granddaughter 
circa  1700.  I  shall  be  obliged  for  any  clue  to  the 
arms,  residence,  &c.  of  this  Mr.  Cobb. 

ARTHUR  PAGET. 

Prince  Charles'  Attendants  in  Spain.  —  The 
assistance  of  your  antiquarian  correspondents  is 
particularly  requested  towards  the  making  out  of 
a  complete  list  of  all  the  persons  who  were  in 


attendance  on  Prince  Charles  on  his  romantic 
visit  to  Spain.  Of  course  it  is  well  known. that 
the  Prince  and  Buckingham  started  accompanied 
only  by  Sir  Francis  Cottington,  Endymion  Porter, 
and  Sir  R.  Graham.  Of  the  members  of  his 
household  who  afterwards  joined  him,  the  principal 
of  course  are  also  well  known.  But  of  the  gentle- 
men and  grooms  of  the  Privy  Chamber,  pages,  &c., 
I  have  been  unable  to  discover  a  complete  list, 
although  notices  of  individuals  are  occasionally 
met  with.  Any  references  to  such  notices  are 
much  desired.  E.  O.  P. 

Sack.  — What  wine  was  this  ?  Is  it  still  existing 
and  known  to  the  wine  trade  by  any  other  name  ? 
If  so,  when  and  why  was  the  name  changed  ? 

FALSTAFF. 


CHuertcrf  toft!) 

Ralph  Ashton  the  Commander. — In  an  ancient 
record  I  met  with  a  year  or  two  ago  (two  centu- 
ries old,  I  suppose),  the  name  of  a  Ralph  Ashton, 
"  Commander,"  occurred.  The  record  related  to 
Lancashire,  and  it  spoke  of  "  Isabella,  the  wife  of 
Ralph  the  Commander."  I  believe  that  a  gentle- 
man of  this  name  was  commander  of  the  Lanca- 
shire forces  under  the  Commonwealth.  Will  any 
of  your  readers  oblige  me  (should  they  have  access 
to  any  ancient  pedigree  of  the  Ashton  family)  by 
saying  whether  any  mention  is  made  of  this  "  Isa- 
bella," and  what  her  name  was  before  her  marriage 
to  Ralph  the  Commander  ?  JAYTEE. 

[The  pedigree  of  the  family  of  Ashton,  or  Assheton, 
of  Middleton,  is  given  in  Baines's  Lancaster,  vol.  ii. 
p.  596.,  which  states  that  Ralph  Ashton,  Esq.,  M.P. 
for  Clithero,  temp.  Chas.  L,  for  the  county,  16  Chas.  I., 
died  17th  Feb.  1650,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
John  Kaye  of  Woodsome,  co.  York.  In  old  documents 
Isabella  and  Elizabeth  are  used  for  one  and  the  same 
name.] 

Christopher  Hervie.  —  M.  ZACHARY  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  1 84.)  obligingly  replies  to  my  question  as  to  the 
quotation  — 

"  One  while  I  think,  and  then  I  am  in  pain, 
To  think  how  to  unthink  that  thought  again." 

Would  he  be  kind  enough  to  say  where  I  may  find 
any  notice  of  Christopher  Hervie  ?  as  I  have  been 
unable  to  find  mention  of  him  or  his  work  in  any 
biography  to  which  I  have  access.  W.  M.  M. 

[A  biographical  notice  of  Christopher  Harvie, 
or  Harvey,  is  given  by  Anthony  a  Wood  in  his 
Athena  Oxonienses,  vol.  iii.  p.  538.  (Bliss),  from  which 
it  appears  he  was  "  a  minister's  son  of  Cheshire,  was 
born  in  that  county,  became  a  batler  of  Brasen-nose 
College  in  1613,  aged  sixteen  years,  took  the  degrees 
in  Arts,  that  of  Master  being  completed  1620,  holy 
orders,  and  at  length  was  made  vicar  of  Clifton  in 
Warwickshire."  Wood,  however  (Ath.  Oxon.,  vol.  i. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


p.  628.).  attributes  The.  Synagogue  to  Thomas  Harvey, 
first  Master  of  Kington  School  in  Herefordshire. 
"  There  can  be  no  doubt,"  adds  Mr.  Bliss,  "  but  a  Ch. 
Harvie  was  the  author  of  this  poem,  particularly  as 
Walton  contributed  some  commendatory  verses  to  it, 
which  were  repaid  by  another  copy  prefixed  to  the 
Compkat  Angler  by  Harvie ;  but  whether  this  was 
Christopher  Harvey,  the  vicar  of  Clifton,  or  some 
other,  remains  to  be  decided.  If  it  was,  it  is  at  least 
singular  that  Wood,  who  was  so  inquisitive  in  these 
matters,  should  have  been  ignorant  of  the  circum- 
stance." Harvey  died  before  the  4th  Sept.  1663,  as 
on  that  day  Samuel  Bradwall  was  instituted  to  the 
vicarage  of  Clifton,  void  by  the  death  of  the  last  in- 
cumbent. —  See  Sir  John  Hawkins'  edition  of  The 
Complete  Angler,  p.  186.;  also  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vi., 
pp.  463.591.] 

Dannochs.  —  Hedging-gloves  made  of  whit-lea- 
ther (untanned  leather),  and  used  by  workmen  in 
cutting  and  trimming  fences,  are  called  in  this 
part  of  Norfolk  dannochs.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents say  whence  the  word  is  derived  ? 

J.  L.  S. 

Edingthorpe. 

["  It  should  rather  be  Dornechs"  says  Forby,  "which 
is  the  proper  Flemish  name  of  Tournai,  a  Frenchified 
name,  long  since  universally  substituted.  Two  hun- 
dred years  ago  it  was  celebrated  for  its  coarse  woollen 
manufactures,  principally  of  carpets  and  hangings, 
mentioned  in  some  of  our  old  comedies.  Probably 
thick  gloves  were  another  article  of  importation.  Our 
modern  dannocks,  indeed,  are  of  thick  leather,  and 
made  at  home  by  our  own  glovers.  Dan.  dorneck"~\ 

Brass  in  All  Saints,  Newcastle -upon- Tyne. —  In 
the  Church  of  All  Saints,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
(an  erection  dating  at  some  period  of  the  Protes- 
tant dark  ages),  there  is  a  magnificent  Flemish 
brass,  of  which  the  incumbent  refuses  to  allow  a 
rubbing  to  be  taken,  on  the  ground  that  the  pro- 
cess would  injure  it !  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents tell  me  if  it  has  been  engraved,  and 
where  ?  J.  H.  B. 

[There  is  a  beautiful  representation  of  the  very 
curious  plate  of  brass  inlaid  on  the  table  monument  of 
Roger  Thornton,  the  celebrated  patron  of  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  temp.  Henry  IV.,  and  still  preserved  in 
the  Church  of  All  Saints  in  that  town,  engraved  in 
Brand's  History  of  Newcastle-upon-  Tyne,  vol.  i.  p.  382. 
Mention  is  also  made  by  that  author  of  another  work 
containing  it,  entitled  Monuments  in  the  Churches  of  St. 
Nicholas  and  All  Saints.  ] 

Imperfect  Bille. — A  Bible  has  lately  come  into 
my  possession  in  an  imperfect  state.  It  is  in 
black  letter,  4to.,  with  the  capitals  commencing 
the  chapters  in  Roman  letters.  I  wish  to  know 
the  date  and  printer.  It  begins  at  fol.  7.,  at  the 
end  of  the  6th  verse  of  xvth  chapter  of  Genesis, 
"  counted  that  to  him  for  righteousness."  There 
are  a  number  of  engravings  representing  the  in- 

VOL.  IX. -No.  230. 


strurnents  used  in  the  temple  and  tubernacle,  at 
fol.  36.  38.  40.  62.  160.  &c.  There  is  no  date,  but 
I  think  it  is  about  1590  or  1600. 

AN  IGNORAMUS  ON  THE  SUBJECT. 
[This  imperfect  Bible  is  one  of  the  very  numerous 
series  of  editions  of  the  Genevan  or  Puritan  version, 
commonly  called  the  Breeches  Bible.  It  is  not  a  4to. 
but  a  pot  folio,  having  six  leaves  to  the  sheet  or  signa- 
ture, "  Imprinted  at  London  by  the  Deputies  of  Chris- 
topher Barker,  printer  to  the  Queen's  most  excellent 
Maiestie,  Anno  Dom.  1595.  Cum  privilegio."  Our 
correspondent's  copy  wants  the  title  and  preface  (three 
leaves),  six  leaves  of  Genesis,  the  title  to  the  N.  Testa- 
ment, and  at  the  end  eleven  leaves,  including  the  two 
tables.  The  translation  may  be  identified  by  the  last 
word  of  1  Cor.  vi.  9.,  or  by  1  Tim.  i.  10.  There  is 
another  edition  by  the  same  printer,  and  of  similar 
size,  in  the  year  1602  ;  but  the  title  to  the  second  part 
has  "  conteineth,"  instead  of  "  conteining."] 

The  Poem  of  "  Helga"  —  At  what  date  was  this 
poem,  by  Herbert,  written  ?  SELEUCUS. 

[This  poem  was  commenced,  as  the  author  states  in 
his  preface,  "  soon  after  the  publication  of  the  trans- 
lations which  he  made  from  the  relics  of  ancient  Ice- 
landic and  Scandinavian  poetry,"  issued  in  1805.] 

"  Merryweather  s  Tempest  Progrtosticator"  —  I 
wish  to  know  if  there  be  a  book  published  en- 
titled "  Merryweather's  Weather  Prognostica~ 
tion  ?"  I  think,  if  I  mistake  not,  I  saw  it  among 
the  nautical  instruments,  &c.  in  the  naval  depart- 
ment of  the  London  Exhibition  in  1851.  I  can- 
not find  here  if  there  be  any  such  book  extant. 

J.  T.  C. 

Dublin. 

[The  work  is  entitled  An  Essay  explanatory  of  the 
Tempest  Prognosticator  in  the  Building  of  the  Great  Ex- 
hibition for  the  Works  of  Industry  of  all  Nations,  read 
before  the  Whitby  Philosophical  Society,  Feb.  27, 1851, 
by  George  Merryweather,  M.  D.,  the  Designer  and 
Inventor :  London,  John  Churchill,  Princes  Street, 
Soho,  1851.] 

Edward  Spencer's  Marriage.  —  Can  any  reader 
supply  me  with  particulars  of  the  marriage  of 
Edward  Spencer  of  Rendlesham,  co.  Suffolk,  and 
Grosvenor  Square,  who  lived  in  the  early  part  of 
the  last  century,  and  whose  daughters  married  the 
Duke  of  Hamilton  and  Sir  James  Dash  wood  ? 

CHARLES  BRIDGER. 

Keppel  St.,  Russell  Sq. 

[The  following  entry  is  given  in  Davy's  Suffolk 
Collections  (Add.  MSS.  19,097.,  p.  272.):  "Edward 
Spencer,  son  of  John  Spencer,  Esq.,  ob.  1718.  Edward, 
now  living  at  Naunton  Hall,  is  a  barrister-at-law.  He 
married  Anne,  the  only  daughter  of  William  Baker  of 
Layham,  clerk,  by  whom  he  had  issue  Henry  Spencer, 
who  died  an  infant,  and  Anne  Spencer,  their  only 
daughter,  and  now  living."  This  extract  is  copied 
from  Hawes's  MSS.,  the  date  of  which,  unfortunately, 
is  not  given.] 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


Yew-tree  at  Crowhurst.  —  Could  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  of  the  age  of  the  yew-tree  in 
Crowhurst  Churchyard,  Sussex  ?  C.  BOWMER. 

[Decandolle  assigns  an  antiquity  of  fourteen  and  a 
half  centuries  to  this  remarkable  yew.  See  a  valuable 
article  on  the  "  Age  of  Trees  "  in  our  fourth  volume, 
p.  401.] 


THE    ELECTRIC    TELEGRAPH    IN    1753. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  364.) 

As  no  reply  has  yet  been  given  to  the  Query  of 
INQUIRENDO  as  to  who  was  C.  M.,  who  described 
in  the  Scots  Magazine,  vol.  xv.  p.  73.,  as  long  since 
as  1753,  the  electric  telegraph,  and  as  the  article 
itself  is  one  of  great  interest  in  the  history  of  an 
invention  which  is  justly  considered  one  of  the 
greatest  wonders  of  our  own  times,  I  send  a  tran- 
script of  it,  by  way  of  satisfying  the  natural  cu- 
riosity of  many  readers  who  may  not  have  an 
opportunity  of  consulting  it  in  the  magazine  in 
which  it  originally  appeared,  and  also  because  the 
doing  so  may  stimulate  farther  inquiry,  and  lead 
to  the  discovery  of  its  ingenious  writer,  C.  M.  of 
Renfrew. 

"  Renfrew,  February  1,  1753. 
«  Sir, 

"  It  is  well  known  to  all  who  are  conversant  in  elec- 
trical experiments,  that  the  electric  power  may  be  pro- 
pagated along  a  small  wire,  from  one  place  to  another, 
without  being  sensibly  abated  by  the  length  of  its 
progress.  Let,  then,  a  set  of  wires,  equal  in  number 
to  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  be  extended  horizontally 
between  two  given  places,  parallel  to  one  another,  and 
each  of  them  about  an  inch  distant  from  that  next  to 
it.  At  every  twenty  yards'  end  let  them  be  fixed  in 
glass,  or  jeweller's  cement,  to  some  firm  body,  both  to 
prevent  them  from  touching  the  earth,  or  any  other 
non-electric,  and  from  breaking  by  their  own  gravity. 
Let  the  electric  gun-barrel  be  placed  at  right  angles 
with  the  extremities  of  the  wires,  and  about  an  inch 
below  them  ;  also  let  the  wires  be  fixed  in  a  solid  piece 
of  glass  at  six  inches  from  the  end  ;  and  let  that  part 
of  them  which  reaches  from  the  glass  to  the  machine 
have  sufficient  spring  and  stiffness  to  recover  its  situ- 
ation after  having  been  brought  in  contact  with  the 
barrel.  Close  by  the  supporting  glass  let  a  ball  be 
suspended  from  every  wire,  and  about  a  sixth  or  an 
eighth  of  an  inch  below  the  ball  place  the  letters  of  an 
alphabet,  marked  on  bits  of  paper,  or  any  other  sub- 
stance that  may  be  light  enough  to  rise  to  the  electri- 
fied ball,  and  at  the  same  time  let  it  be  so  contrived 
that  each  of  them  may  reassume  its  proper  place  when 
dropt.  All  things  constructed  as  above,  and  the 
minute  previously  fixed,  I  begin  the  conversation  with 
my  distant  friend  in  this  manner  :  —  Having  set  the 
electrical  machine  a-going,  as  in  ordinary  experiments, 
suppose  I  am  to  pronounce  the  word  sir;  with  a  piece 
of  glass,  or  any  other  electric  per  se,  I  strike  the  wire  s, 
so  as  to  bring  it  in  contact  with  the  barrel,  then  i, 


then  r,  all  in  the  same  way  ;  and  my  correspondent, 
almost  in  the  same  instant,  observes  these  several  cha- 
racters rise  in  order  to  the  electrified  balls  at  his  end  of 
the  wires.  Thus  I  spell  away  as  long  as  I  think  fit, 
and  my  correspondent,  for  the  sake  of  memory,  writes 
the  characters  as  they  rise,  and  may  join  or  read  them 
afterwards  as  often  as  he  inclines.  Upon  a  signal 
given,  or  from  desire,  I  stop  the  machine,  and  taking 
up  the  pen,  in  my  turn  I  write  down  whatever  my 
friend  at  the  other  end  strikes  out. 

"  If  anybody  should  think  this  way  tiresome,  let 
him,  instead  of  the  balls,  suspend  a  range  of  bells  from 
the  roof,  equal  in  number  to  the  letters  of  the  alphabet, 
gradually  decreasing  in  size  from  the  bell  a  to  2;  and 
from  the  horizontal  wires  let  there  be  another  set 
reaching  to  the  several  bells  ;  one,  viz.,  from  the  hori- 
zontal wire  a  to  the  bell  a,  another  from  the  horizontal 
wire  b  to  the  bell  6,  &c.  Then  let  him  who  begins 
the  discourse  bring  the  wires  in  contact  with  the  barrel, 
as  before,  and  the  electric  spark,  breaking  on  bells  of 
different  size,  will  inform  his  correspondent  by  the 
sound  what  wires  have  been  touched.  And  thus,  by 
some  practice,  they  may  come  to  understand  the  lan- 
guage of  the  chimes  in  whole  words,  without  being  put 
to  the  trouble  of  noting  down  every  letter. 

"  The  same  thing  may  be  otherwise  effected.  Let 
the  balls  be  suspended  over  the  characters,  as  before, 
but  instead  of  bringing  the  ends  of  the  horizontal  wires 
in  contact  with  the  barrel,  let  a  second  set  reach  from 
the  electrificato^,  so  as  to  be  in  contact  with  the  hori- 
zontal ones;  and  let  it  be  so  contrived,  at  the  same 
time,  that  any  of  them  may  be  removed  from  its  cor- 
responding horizontal  by  the  slightest  touch,  and  may 
bring  itself  again  into  contact  when  left  at  liberty. 
This  may  be  done  by  the  help  of  a  small  spring  and 
slider,  or  twenty  other  methods  which  the  least  in- 
genuity will  discover.  In  this  way  the  characters 
will  always  adhere  to  the  balls,  excepting  when  any  of 
the  secondaries  is  removed  from  contact  with  its  hori- 
zontal ;  and  then  the  letter  at  the  other  end  of  the 
horizontal  will  immediately  drop  from  its  ball.  But 
I  mention  this  only  by  way  of  variety. 

"  Some  may  perhaps  think  that,  although  the  elec- 
tric fire  has  not  been  observed  to  diminish  sensibly  in 
its  progress  through  any  length  of  wire  that  has  been 
tried  hitherto  ;  yet,  as  that  has  never  exceeded  some 
thirty  or  forty  yards,  it  may  be  reasonably  supposed, 
that  in  a  far  greater  length  it  would  be  remarkably 
diminished,  and  probably  would  be  entirely  strained  off 
in  a  few  miles  by  the  surrounding  air.  To  prevent 
this  objection,  and  save  longer  argument,  lay  over  the 
wires,  from  one  end  to  the  other,  with  a  thin  coat  of 
jeweller's  cement.  This  may  be  done  for  a  trifle  of 
additional  expense  ;  and  as  it  is  an  electric  per  se,  will 
effectually  secure  any  part  of  the  fire  from  mixing  with 
the  atmosphere. 

"  I  am,  &c., 

"  C.  M." 

Surely  among  the  numerous  readers  of  "  N.  & 
Q."  some  one  will  be  found  to  tell  us  who  C.  M. 
was.  J.  Y. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


FACTITIOUS    PEDIGREES  :    DIXON    OF    BEESTON. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  221.) 

The  inquiry  of  MR.  R.  W.  DIXON  is  one  that  I 
feel  should  not  remain  unanswered ;  and  a  few 
circumstances  that  I  can  detail  will  be  sufficient 
to  prove  that  his  brother  Mr.  J.  H.  Dixon  only 
exercised  a  just  discretion  in  rejecting  the  in- 
formation offered  by  William  Sidney  Spence. 

On  4th  March,  1848  (a  few  months,  therefore, 
earlier  than  the  letter  which  has  been  quoted),  a 
communication  was  forwarded  to  me  by  Mr. 
Spence  so  similar,  as  to  warrant  the  supposition 
that  a  set  form  was  kept  on  hand  to  be  copied  in 
different  applications  with  such  variations  as  each 
case  might  demand,  though  even  then  a  discre- 
pancy has  crept  in  that  wou-ld  render  the  evidence 
suspicious. 

The  first  paragraph  is  the  same,  except  that 
Mr.  Spence  states  he  was  engaged  by  the  "  widow 
of  Sir  John  Cotgreave,"  instead  of  the  "  sister" 

In  the  second  the  pedigree  is  said  to  be  the 
"work  of  Randle  Holme,:  1672,  from  documents 
by  William  Camden,"  instead  of  the  work  of  "  the 
great  Camden."  Monsons,  of  course,  are  substi- 
tuted instead  of  Dixons.  Four  generations  from 
Sir  John  Monson  temp.  Edward  IILT  instead 
of  five  generations  from  Ralph  Dixon  temp. 
Henry  VI.  And  this  Sir  John  is  slain  fighting 
under  Lord  Audley  at  the  battle  of  Poictiers, 
1356,  as  a  counterpart  to  Ralph  Dixon,  slain  at 
the  battle  of  Wakefield,  1460. 

The  third  paragraph  is  word  for  word  the 
same,  except  that,  to  be  consistent  with  the  de- 
scents, four  shields  with  sixteen  quarterings  are 
offered  instead  of  five  shields  with*twelve. 

Lady  Cotgreave  is  to  vouch  for  the  authenticity 
instead  of  Miss  Cotgreave. 

The  quarterings  promised  in  the  next  paragraph 
are  only  partially  the  same,  and  the  conclusion 
merely  differs  in  wording  by  the  substitution  of 
the  names  of  "  Sir  John  Monson  "  and  "  his  mo- 
ther Elinor,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  John 
Sutton,  de  Sutton  and  Congleton,"  in  place  of 
"  Ralph  Dixon  and  his  mother  Maude,  daughter 
and  coheiress  of  Sir  Ralph  Fitz  Hugh,"  &c. 

I  acknowledge  that  from  the  first  1  did  not  be- 
lieve a  word  of  this  ingenious  tale ;  in  fact  I  was 
rather  an  unfortunate  subject  for  Mr.  Spence's 
purpose,  having  for  years  made  the  early  history 
of  my  family  my  especial  study  ;  but  having  a 
friend  resident  at  Birkenhead  (a  clergyman),  I 
applied  to  him  out  of  curiosity  to  find  out  some- 
thing of  my  informant,  who  at  least  had  shown 
some  ingenuity.  The  answer  was  by  no  means  in 
favour  of  Mr.  Spence ;  and  one  fact  was  decidedly 
ascertained,  that  he  neither  lived  nor  was  known  in 
Priory  Place,  whence  his  letters  were  dated.  I 
answered  his  letter,  declining  to  give  the  remu- 
neration of  five  pounds  which  he  had  asked  ;  and 


on  taxing  him  with  the  falsity  of  his  residence,  he 
said  he  had  his  letters  left  there  for  convenience. 

MR.  DIXON  must  now  himself  judge  of  the 
credit  to  be  placed  on  the  informant.  As  for  the 
information  in  my  own  case,  it  bore  internal 
proofs  of  being  worthless  ;  and  if  such  a  pedigree 
as  is  described  should  exist,  I  feel  assured  it  is  not 
the  work  of  Camden,  but  more  probably  of  a 
cotemporary,  of  rather  discreditable  notoriety 
among  genealogists,  of  the  name  of  Dakyns. 

MONSON. 

Gatton  Park. 

I  can.  give  no  information  on  the  Dixon  family, 
but  having  some  years  ago  received  a  letter  from 
the  same  Mr.  Spencey  with  an  account  of  my  own 
family,  every  word  of  which  is  not  only  entirely 
without  authority,  but  a  gross  invention  opposed 
to  the  facts,  I  thought  MR.  DIXON  might  like  to 
know  that  Mr.  Spence  founds  the  romance  in 
question  on  a  "  Pedigree  of  Cotgreave  de  Har- 
grave,  the  work  of  the  celebrated  Randle  Holme, 
anno  1672,  from  documents  compiled  by  that 
learned  antiquary  William  Camden,  in  the  year 
1598,"  evidently  the  same  veracious  authority 
with  that  mentioned  in  the  letter  to  MR.  DIXON. 

Ev.  PH.  SHIRLEY. 

Eatington  Park,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

The  following  note  will,  I  think,  satisfy  your 
correspondent  R.  W.  DIXON  that  the  letter  of 
William  Sidney  Spence  which  you  inserted  for 
him  was  an  imposture,  and  that  Mr.  J.  H.  Dixon 
was  not  without  reason  in  rejecting  the  informa- 
tion offered. 

A  friend  of  mine, ' assuming  descent  from  "a 
good  old  "  family  of  the  same  name,  which  he  was 
unable  to  prove,  received,  about  the  same  time  as 
MR.  DIXON  did,  a  communication  from  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Sidney  Spence  to  precisely  the  same  effect, 
and  having  no  cautious  brother  to  consult,  readily 
took  the  bait,  and  paid  some  pounds  for  a  specious 
pedigree,  setting  forth  his  "distinguished  pro- 
genitors," with  their  armorial  bearings,  £c.,  pur- 
porting to  be  authenticated  as  a  true  copy  of  one 
in  Miss  Cotgreave's  possession  under  that  lady's 
own  hand.  The  information  so  received  being 
subsequently  submitted  to  a  genealogical  friend, 
some  doubt  was  excited  of  its  genuineness  in 
proving  too  much ;  and  an  inquiry,  which  I  made 
through  a  correspondent  in  Cheshire,  tending  to 
confirm  this  suspicion,  a  reference  was  had  to  Miss 
Cotgreave  herself,  when  it  turned  out  that  the 
whole  was  an  ingenious  fabrication.  Mr.  Spence 
was  then  dead,  and  my  friend,  whose  name  I  do 
not  mention,  as  the  subject  is  rather  a  sore  one, 
was  obliged  to  be  content  with  the  practical  ex- 
perience he  had  bought. 

The  probability  is,  that  whenever  Mr.  Spence 
read  in  Burke's  Landed  Gentry  that  Mr.  A.  or 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  230. 


Mr.  B.,  in  preference  to  being  considered  as  the 
founder  of  a  new  family,  supposed  himself,  or 
wished  to  be  supposed  by  others,  to  be  descended 
from  an  old  stock  of  the  same  name,  he  kindly 
offered  to  supply  the  desired  information,  and  was 
ready  to  execute  a  pedigree  to  order.  G.  A.  C. 

£The  Editor  has  been  informed  by  a  person  on 
whose  accuracy  he  can  rely,  that  a  lady  who  received  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Spence  offering  certain  information 
respecting  his  family  taken  from  the  Cotgreave  pe- 
digree, and  who  imprudently  sent  money  for  the  same, 
got  nothing  but  the  most  absurd  rubbish  in  return, 
and  having  been  induced  to  make  inquiries  into  the 
subject,  was  fully  satisfied  that  the  whole  thing  was  a 
fraud.] 


LICENCES    TO    CRENELLATE. 

-     (Yol.  ix.,  p.  220.) 

The  subjoined  list  of  names  and  places  will 
supply  MR.  PARKER  with  the  counties  of  all  the 
places  named  in  his  inquiry,  except  two  in  which 
I  suspect  some  error.  If  farther  references  to 
authorities  are  desired,  they  will  be  given  with 
pleasure  in  reply  to  a  private  application,  but 
would  crowd  your  pages  inconveniently. 

1.  Cokefield   for  Melton — Cokefeud  for  Moulton, 
Suffolk. 

2.  Grisnak  for  Molun — Query  this  ? 

3.  Langeton    for    Newton    in    Makerfield  —  L.    for 
Newton  Hall  or  Castle,  the  .head  of  the  Palatine  Ba- 
rony of  Newton,  in  Lancashire. 

4.  Esselynton  for  Esselynton  —  E.  in  Northumber- 
land. 

5.  Trussel  for  Cubleston — C.  in  Staffordshire. 

6.  De   la   Beche  for  De  la    Beche  — De  la  Beche 
Castle,  Aldworth,  Berks. 

7.  The  same  for  Beaumes  —  Beaumys  Castle,  Shin- 
field,  Berks. 

8.  Cobham  for   Pringham  —  P.  alias    Sterborongh 
Castle,  Surrey. 

9.  The  same  for  Orkesdene — O.  in  Kent. 

10.  "  Burghchier"  for   Stanstede  —  Bourchier   for 
Stansted,  Essex. 

1 1.  Dalham  for  "  Cr«donk>"  —  "  Fortalicium  in  loco 
de  Crodonio."     Printed  Cal.  Rot.  Pat.  p.  143. 

12.  Lengleys  for  Heyheved  —  Highhead  Castle,  irr 
Cumberland. 

13.  Aeton  for  Chevelyngham — -Heton  for  Chilling- 
ham,  Northumberland. 

GEO.  O. 
Sedbury  Park,  Chepstow. 

There  can,  I  think,  be  little  doubt  that  Stans- 
stede,  in  MR.  J.  H.  PARKER'S  list,  is  Stanstead 
Hall,  near  Halstead  in  Essex.  I  have  never  seen 
Stanstead  Hall,  but  about  a  month  since  I  was  in 
company  with  the  late  occupant ;  from  whom  I 
learned,  in  casual  conversation,  that  it  was  an 
ancient  house,  with  moat  and  fortifications.  In 
addition  to  this  I  may  state,  that  there  are  monu- 


ments in  the  old  church  (St.  Andrew)  of  Halstead 
to  some  of  the  Bourchier  family.  These  facts, 
taken  together,  seem  to  fix  the  locality  with  suffi- 
cient precision.  One  of  the  monuments  just  re- 
ferred to  is  a  brass,  commemorating  Sir  Bartho- 
lomew Bourchier  and  his  two  wives ;  which,  when 
I  copied  it  in  1847,  was  under  the  flooring  of  a 
pew  in  the  south  aisle.  He  died  May  8,  1409; 
and  was  previously  the  possessor  of  Stanstead 
Hall :  so  I  learn  from  my  own  MS.  Catalogue  of 
brass  rubbings  in  my  collection,  but  I  am  not  able 
to  give  any  better  reference  to  authenticate  the 
statement.  W,  SPARROW.  SIMPSON. 

Heyheved,  mentioned  in  MR.  PARKER'S  list,  is 
Highhead  Castle  in  Cumberland.  In  the  reign  of 
Edward  II.  it  was  a  peel  house  (pel um  de  Hey- 
heved) possessed  by  Harcla,  Earl  of  Carlisle.  In 
modern  times  it  became  the  property  of  a  family 
named  Richmond,  one  of  whom  erected  the  pre- 
sent house,  after  a  plan  by  Inigo  Jones.  But  he 
died  before  it  was  finished,  leaving  co- heirs,  who 
quarrelled  about  the  partition  of  the  estate,  and 
actually  put  a  hedge  through  the  centre  of  the 
house.  Eventually  one-half  came  into  the  hands 
of  Lord  Brougham,  who  is  understood  to  have 
purchased  the  other,  and  will  probably  restore  the 
whole.  L  K. 


NEWSPAPER    FOLK    LORE. 

(Vol.  vi.,  pp.  221.  338.  466. ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  29.  84 

It  may  be  instructive  to  collate  the  four  stories 
recorded  in  the  above  references,  and  compare  them, 
with  a  case  that  was  brought  before  Mr.  Jardine  at 
Bow  Street  Police  Court;  and  which  was  reported 
in  The  Times  for  February  22,  1854.  Let  the 
following  extract  suffice  :  it  is  descriptive  of  the 
operation  of  extracting  a  worm  from  the  body  of 
one  Harriet  Gunton,  by  a  female  quack  of  the 
name  of  Jane  Browning  : 

"  I  laid  myself  on  the  bed  as  she  desired,  and  she 
told  Mrs.  Jones  to  hold  my  mouth  to  prevent  my 
breathing.  Mrs.  Jones  held  me  from  behind,  and 
nearly  suffocated  me.  She  kept  me  down,  while  the 
prisoner  tried  to  get  the  worms  out  of  my  body  with 
her  hands.  This  lasted  for  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour, 
and  caused  me  dreadful  pain.  The  prisoner  told  me 
that  one  of  the  worms  had  bit  her  finger,  and  slipped 
away  again,  and  she  could  not  get  at  it.  She  tried  a 
second  time,  and  said  the  worm  had  bit  her  again.  I 
then  begged  her  to  leave  off,  if  she  could  not  succeed 
in  getting  it  away  ;  for  I  believed  I  should  die  under 
the  operation.  She  tried  a  third  time,  and  said  she 
had  broken  two  skins  of  it,  which  would  prevent  it 
getting  up  my  body  .... 

She  then  put  her  hand  under  the  clothes.  I  felt  some- 
thing touch  me  like  a  cloth,  and  she  drew  away  her 
hand  ;  throwing  something  into  the  pan,  which  sounded 


) 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


with  a  heavy  splash.  She  said  she  had  been  trying  at 
it  all  night,  and  had  got  it  away  at  last." 

Mr.  Robert  Biggs,  the  medical  attendant,  pro- 
nounced the  "reptile"  to  be  a  fine  conger  eel, 
which  he  believed  had  often  done  duty  in  the  same 
way.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 

It  would  be  well  if  every  popular  error  were 
liunted  down,  as  your  correspondents  have  done 
in  the  case  of  the  snake-vomiting  at  Portsmouth. 
The  public  need  to  be  told,  that  no  animal  can 
live  in  the  alimentary  canal  but  the  parasites  which 
belong  to  that  part  of  the  animal  economy.  Of 
these,  the  Lumbricus  intestinalis  is  the  largest,  and 
is  discharged  by  children  even  of  the  size  men- 
tioned in  the  case  of  Jonathan  Smith. 

Two  years  ago  I  met  with  a  curious  illustration 
of  the  popular  ignorance  of  that  branch  of  natural 
history  which  treats  of  our  own  reptiles,  as  well 
as  of  the  mode  of  growth  of  a  popular  marvel. 
During  the  hot  weather  of  the  summer  before  last, 
I  was  asked  by  a  respectable  farmer,  if  I  had  seen 
the  "serpent"  which  was  lately  killed  in  an  ad- 
joining parish.  "  Serpent ! "  I  replied  ;  "  I  suppose 
you  mean  some  overgrown  common  snake — per- 
haps a  female  full  of  eggs?"  "Well,  it  might 
have  been  a  snake  at  first,  but  it  was  grown  into 
a  serpent ;  and  pursued  a  boy  through  the  hedge, 
but  was  fortunately  encountered  and  killed  by  the 
father." 

It  is  a  moot  point,  whether  the  parasites  of 
animals  are  engendered  or  not  within  the  body. 
In  the  case  of  the  bots  of  horses,  they  are  known 
to  be  the  larvse  of  a  fly  which  deposits  its  eggs  on 
the  skin  ;  from  whence  they  are  licked  off,  and 
conveyed  into  the  animal's  stomach,  where  they 
are  hatched  and  prepared  for  their  other  meta- 
morphoses. 

I  believe  the  only  parasite  taken  in  with  water 
in  tropical  climates  is  the  Guinea  Worm ;  an 
animal  which  burrows  under  the  skin  of  the  arms 
or  legs,  and  is  extremely  difficult  of  extraction, 
and  often  productive  of  great  inconvenience. 
But  whether  the  egg  of  this  worm  be  taken  into 
the  stomach,  and  conveyed  by  the  blood  into  the 
limbs,  there  to  be  hatched  into  life,  or  whether 
it  enter  through  the  pores  of  the  skin,  I  believe  is 
not  determined. 

The  popular  delusion  respecting  the  swallowing 
of  young  snakes,  and  of  their  continuance  in  the 
stomach,  is  a  very  old  one,  and  is  still  frequent. 
A  medical  friend  of  mine,  not  long  since,  was 
called  on  to  treat  a  poor  hysterical  woman,  who 
had  exhausted  the  skill  of  many  medical  men  (as 
she  asserted)  to  rid  her  of  "  a  snake  or  some  such 
living  creature,  which  she  felt  confident  was  and 
had  been  for  a  long  time  gnawing  in  her  stomach." 
I  suggested  the  expediency  of  working  on  the 
imagination  of  this  poor  hypochondriac,  as  was 


done  in  the  well-known  facetious  story  of  the 
man  who  fancied  he  had  swallowed  a  cobbler  ;  and 
who  was  cured  by  the  apparent  discharge  first  of 
the  awls  and  strap,  then  of  the  lapstone,  and, 
finally,  of  Crispin  himself.  M.  (2) 


FRENCH    SEASON    RHYMES    AND    WEATHER    RHYMES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  9.) 

The  following  weather  rules  are  taken  from  a 
work  which  is  probably  but  little  known  to  the 
generality  of  English  readers.  It  is  entitled  : 

"  Contes  populaires,  Prejuges,  Patois,  Proverbes, 
Noms  de  Lieux,  de  I'Arrondissement  de  Bayeux,  re- 
cueillis  et  publics  par  Frederic  Pluquet,  &c. :  Rouen, 
1834." 

Where  saints'  days  are  mentioned,  I  have  added 
the  day  of  the  month  on  which  they  fall,  as  far  as 
I  have  been  able  to  ascertain  it ;  but  as  it  some- 
times happens  that  there  is  more  than  one  saint  of 
the  same  name,  and  that  their  feasts  fall  on  differ- 
ent days,  I  may  perhaps,  in  some  cases,  have  fixed 
on  the  wrong  one  : 

"  Annee  venteuse, 
Annee  pommeuse." 

"  Annee  hannetonneuse, 
Annee  pommeuse." 

"  L'hiver  est  dans  un  bissac  ;  s'il  n'est  dans  un  bout, 
il  est  dans  Pautre." 

"  Pluie  du  matin 
N'arrete  pas  le  pelerin." 

"  A  No'e'l  au  balcon, 
A  Paques  au  tison." 

"  A  Noel  les  moucherons, 
A  Paques  les  gla9ons." 

"  Paques  pluvieux, 
An  fromenteux." 

"  Le  propre  jour  des  Rameaux 
Seme  oignons  et  poreaux." 

"  Apres  Paques  et  les  Rogations, 
Fi  de  pretres  et  d'oignons." 

"  Feves  fleuries 
Temps  de  folies." 

"  Rouge  ros^e  au  matin, 
C'est  beau  temps  pour  le  pelerin." 

««  Pluie  de  Fevrier 
Vaut  jus  de  fumier." 

*'  Fevrier  qui  donne  neige 
Bel  ete  nous  plege." 

«  Fevrier 
L'anelier  "  [anneauj. 

This  saying  has  probably  originated  in  the  number 
of  marriages  celebrated  in  this  month  ;  the  season  of 
Lent  which  follows  being  a  time  in  which  it  is  not 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No  230. 


usual,  in  Roman  Catholic  countries,  to  contract  mar- 
riage. 

"  Fevrier  emplit  les  fosses  ; 
Mars  les  seche." 

"  Mars  martelle, 
Avril  coutelle." 

An  allusion  to  the  boisterous  winds  of  March,  and 
the  sharp,  cutting,  easterly  winds  which  frequently 
prevail  in  April. 

"  Nul  Avril 
Sans  epi." 

"  Avril  le  doux, 
Quand  il  se  fache,  le  pis  de  tout." 

"  Bonne  ou  mauvaise  poirette> 
II  faut  que  Mars  la  trouve  faite." 

Poirette,  in  the  dialect  of  Bayeux,  means  a  leek. 

"  Froid  Mai  et  chaud  Juin 
Donnent  pain  et  vin." 

"  En  Juignet  [Juillet], 
La  faucille  au  poignet." 

"  A  la  Saint- Vincent  [Jan.  22], 
Tout  degele,  ou  tout  fend." 

"  Saint-Julien  brise  glace  [Jan.  27], 
S'il  ne  la  brise,  il  I'embrasse." 

"  A  la  Chandeleur  [Feb.  2], 
La  grande  douleur." 

Meaning  the  greatest  cold. 

"  A  la  Chandeleur, 
Oii  toutes  betes  sont  en  horreur." 

Probably   alluding  to  the  rough  state  of  their  coats 
at  this  season. 

"  A  la  Saint- George  [April  23], 
Seme  ton  orge." 

"  Quand  il  pleut  le  jour  Saint- Marc  [April  25], 
II  ne  faut  ni  pouque  ni  sac." 

"A  la  Saint-Catherine  [April  29], 
Tout  bois  prend  racine." 

"  A  la  Saint-Urbain  [May  25], 
Le  froment  porte  grain." 

"A  la  Saint. Loup  [May  28?], 
La  lampe  au  clou." 

"  S'il  pleut  le  jour  Saint- Medard  [June  8], 
II  pleuvra  quarante  jours  plus  tard." 

"A  la  Saint- Barnabe  [June  II] 
La  faux  au  pre." 

"  A  la  Saint- Sacrement  [this  year,  June  15] 
L'epi  est  au  froment." 

"  Quand  il  pleut  a  la  Saint-Gervais  [June  19], 
II  pleut  quarante  jours  apxes." 

"  A  la  Madeleine  [July  22]. 
Les  noix  sont  pleines." 

"A  la  Saint- Laurent  [Aug.  10], 
La  faucille  an  froment." 


«  Passe  la  Saint- Clement  [Nov.  23  ?], 
Ne  seme  plus  le  froment." 

"  Si  le  soleil  rit  le  jour  Sainte-Eulalie  [Dec.  10], 
II  y  aura  pommes  et  cidre  a  folie." 

"A  la  Sainte-Luce  [Dec.  13?], 
Les  jours  croissent  du  saut  d'une  puce." 

"A  la  Saint- Thomas  [Dec.  21], 
Les  jours  sont  au  plus  bas." 

EDGAR  MAcCuLLocn. 
Guernsey. 


VAULT    INTERMENTS    (Vol.  H.,    p.  21.)  :     BURIAL   IN 

AN  ERECT  POSTURE  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  329.  630.)  : 

INTERMENT      OF       THE      TROGLODIT2E      (Vol.      il., 

p.  187.). 

In  the  4th  book  of  Evelyn's  Sylva  there  is  much 
interesting  matter  on  this  subject,  besides  what  has 
been  quoted  above ;  and,  to  those  herein  interested, 
the  following  extract  from  Burn's  History  of  Parish 
Registers  in  England  will  doubtless  be  acceptable : 

"  Many  great  and  good  men  have  entertained  scru- 
ples on  the  practice  of  interment  in  churches.  The 
example  of  the  virtuous  and  primitive  confessor,  Arch- 
bishop Sancroft,  who  ordered  himself  to  be  buried  iu 
the  churchyard^of  Fresingfield  in  Suffolk,  thinking  it 
improper  that  the  house  of  God  should  be  made  the 
repository  of  sinful  man,  ought  to  command  the,  imi- 
tation of  less  deserving  persons :  perhaps  it  had  an  in- 
fluence over  the  mind  of  his  successor,  Archbishop 
Seeker,  who  ordered  himself  to  be  buried  in  the  church- 
yard of  Lambeth.  The  Bishops  of  London  in  succes- 
sion, from  Bishop  Compton  to  Bishop  Hayter,  who 
died  in  1762,  inclusive,  have  been  buried  in  Fulham 
Churchyard."  * 

Of  the  same  opinion  were  Dr.  Edward  Rainbow, 
Bishop  of  Carlisle ;  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  who  used 
to  say  that  churches  were  for  the  living  and  the 
churchyards  for  the  dead  f ;  Joseph  Hall,  Bishop 
of  Norwich,  who  "  did  not  hold  God's  house  a 
meet  repository  for  the  greatest  saint ;"  and  Wil- 
liam Bedell,  Bishop  of  Kilmore,  who  made  a  canon 
in  his  synod  to  the  following  effect : 

"  IX.  Ut  corpora  defunctorum  deinceps  in  Ecclesiis 
non  humentur,  sed  nee  intra  quintum  pedem  a  pariete 
extrorsum." 

Sir  Thomas  Latymer,  of  Braibroke  in  North- 
amptonshire, by  his  will  directed  thus  : 

"  I,  Thomas  Latymer  of  Braybroke,  a  fals  knyghte  to 
God,  &c.,  my  wrecchyd  body  to  be  buried  where  that 
ever  I  die  in  the  next  chirche  yerde,  God  vouchsafe, 
and  naut  in  the  chirche,  but  in  the  utterist  corner,  as 
he  that  is  unworthy  to  lyn  therein,  save  the  merci  of 
God." 

*  Cole's  MSS.,  vol.  iv.  p.  100. 

f  The  Assembly  at  Edinburgh,  in  1588,  prohibited 
the  burying  in  kirks. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


279 


Dr.  Isaac  Barrow,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  was 
buried  in  a  churchyard,  although,  from  his  having 
generously  repaired  and  endowed  his  cathedral,  he 
might  be  considered  to  have  a  claim  of  interment 
within  its  walls ;  and  Baldwin,  the  great  civilian, 
severely  censures  this  indecent  liberty,  and  ques- 
tions whether  he  shall  call  it  a  superstition  or 
an  impudent  ambition.  Lanfranc,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  was  the  first  who  made  vaults  under 
the  chancel,  and  even  under  the  altar,  when  he 
rebuilt  the  choir  of  Canterbury,  about  1075.* 

"  The  Irish  long  retained  an  attachment  to  their 
ancient  customs  and  pagan  superstitions ;  and  the  cus- 
tom of  burying  in  consecrated  ground  was  not  uni- 
versal in  Ireland  in  the  twelfth  century  on  the  arrival 
of  the  English,  as  we  find  it  enjoined  in  the  Council  of 
Cashel,  held  in  1172,  mentioned  by  Cambrensis.  A 
short  time  since  some  small  earthen  tumuli  were  opened 
on  the  Curragh  of  Kildare,  under  which  skeletons  were 
found  standing  upright  on  their  feet,  and  in  their 
hands,  or  near  them,  spears  with  iron  heads.  The 
custom  of  placing  their  dead  erect  was  general  among 
all  the  northern  nations,  and  is  still  retained  in  Lap- 
land and  some  parts  of  Norway ;  and  the  natives  of 
North  America  bury  their  dead  sitting  in  holes  in  the 
ground,  and  cover  them  with  a  mound  of  earth."  — 
Transactions  of  the  R.  Irish  Academy,  vol.  iii. 

A  Query  I  proposed  (Yol.  ii.,  p.  187.)  in  refer- 
ence to  the  Trogloditae  never  having  been  an- 
swered, I  shall,  perhaps,  be  allowed  to  use  this 
opportunity  myself  to  furnish  an  apposite  and 
explanatory  quotation,  viz. — 

"  Troglodyta?  mortui  cervicem  pedibus  alligabant  et 
raptim  cum  risu  et  jocis  ejfferebant,  nullaque  loci  habita 
cura  mandabant  terrae ;  ac  ad  caput  cornu  caprinum 
affigebant."  —  Ccelii  Rhodigini,  Lectiones  Antiquee, 
p.  792. 

I  shall  conclude  with  the  rationale  of  the  erect 
posture,  as  illustrated  by  Staveley  in  his  History 
of  Churches  in  England : 

"  It  is  storied  to  be  a  custom  among  the  people  of 
Megara  in  Greece,  to  be  buried  with  their  faces  down- 
wards ;  Diogenes  gave  this  reason  'why  he  should  be 
buried  after  the  same  way,  that  seeing  all  things  were 
(according  to  his  opinion)  to  be  turned  upside  down 
in  succeeding  times,  he,  by  this  posture,  would  at  last 
be  found  with  his  face  upwards,  and  looking  towards 
heaven" 

BlBLIOTHECAB.  CflETHAM. 

In  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  Act  III.  Sc.  2., 
Don  Pedro  says : 

"  She  shall  be  buried  with  her  face  upwards." 
Theobald,  Johnson,  and  Steevens  have  left  notes 
upon  this  line.     The  following  passage  is  part  of 
Steevens'  note : 

"  Dr.  Johnson's  explanation  may  likewise  be  coun- 
tenanced by  a  passage  in  an  old  black-letter  book, 


*  Cole's  MSS.,  vol.  iv. 


without  date,  intitled,  «  A  merye  Jest  of  a  Man  that 
was  called  Howleglas,  &c.  :  How  Howleglas  was 
buryed  : 

"  '  Thus  as  Howleglas  was  deade,  then  they  brought 
him  to  be  buryed.  And  as  they  would  have  put  the 
coffyn  into  the  pytte  with  2  cordes,  the  corde  at  the 
fete  brake,  so  that  the  fote  of  the  coffyn  fell  into  the 
botome  of  the  pyt,  and  the  coffyn  stood  bolt  upryght 
in  the  middes  of  the  grave.  Then  desired  y6  pe'ople 
that  stode  about  the  grave  that  tyme,  to  let  the  coffyn 
to  stande  bolt  upryght.  For  in  his  lyfe  tyme  lie,  was 
a  very  marvelous  man,  §•<:.,  and  shall  be  buryed  as  mar- 
vailously.  And  in  this  maner  they  left  Howleglas,'  &c, 

"  Were  not  the  Claphams  and  Mauleverers  buried 
marvailously,  because  they  were  marvelous  men  ?  "  — 
Johnson  and  Steevens'  Shakspeare,  vol.  ii.  p.  310. 

J.  W.  FARRER. 

"  In  Oliver  Hey  wood's  Register  is  the  following 
entry  [Oct.  28,  1684]: 

'  Capt.  Taylor's  wife  of  Brig  House,  buried  in  her 
garden  with  head  upwards,  standing  upright,  by  her 
husband:  daughter,  &c.  Quakers.'" — Watson's  History 
of  Halifax,  p.  233. 

CERVUS. 

"Some  Christians  [Russians?]  decline  the  figure  of 
rest,  and  make  choice  of  an  erect  posture  in  burial."— 
Browne's  Hydriotaphia,  ch.  iv.  p.  246. 

Query,  With  the  desire  of  meeting  the  Judge, 
face  to  face,  when  He  cometh  ? 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 


DO    CONJUNCTIONS    JOIN    PROPOSITIONS    ONLY  ? 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  180.) 

PROFESSOR  BOOLE'S  communication  on  the 
above  question  reminds  me  of  some  remarks  of 
mine,  published  in  an  article  on  Sir  John  Stod- 
dart's  Philosophy  of  Language,  in  the  North 
British  Review  for  November,  1850.  In  reference 
to  the  opinion  maintained  by  Sir  John  Stoddart 
and  Dr.  Latham,  that  the  conjunction  always  con- 
nects sentences,  the  preposition  words,  it  is  ob- 
served : 

"  It  does  not  apply  to  cases  where  the  conjunction 
unites  portions  of  the  predicate,  instead  of  the  subject, 
of  a  proposition.  If  I  assert  that  a  gentleman  of  my 
acquaintance  drinks  brandy  and  water,  he  might  not 
relish  the  imputation  of  imbibing  separate  potations  of 
the  neat  spirit  and  the  pure  element.  Stradling  rersus 
Stiles  is  a  case  in  point :  «  Out  of  the  kind  love  and 
respect  I  bear  to  my  much  honoured  and  good  friend, 
Mr.  Matthew  Stradling,  Gent.,  I  do  bequeath  unto 
the  said  Matthew  Stradling,  Gent,  all  my  black  and 
white  horses.'  The  testator  had  six  black  horses,  six 
white  horses,  and  six  pied  horses.  The  whole  point 
at  issue  turns  upon  the  question  whether  the  copulative 
and  joins  sentences  or  words.  If  the  former,  the 
plaintiff  is  entitled  to  the  black  horses,  and  also  to  the 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


white,  but  not  to  the  pied.  If  the  latter,  he  has  a 
right  to  the  pied  horses,  but  must  forego  his  claim  to 
the  rest.  And  if  the  latter  interpretation  be  adopted, 
must  we  say  that  and  is  a  preposition,  not  a  conjunction, 
or  must  we  modify  the  definitions  of  these  two  parts 
of  speech  ?  " 

The  following  definitions  are  finally  proposed  in 
place  of  the  ordinary  ones  : 

"  A  preposition  is  a  part  of  speech  annexed  to  a  noun 
or  verb  in  a  proposition,  and  serving  to  connect  it  with 
a  noun  or  pronoun  by  which  it  is  limited,  as  the  sub- 
ject or  predicate  of  that  proposition." 

".A  conjunction  is  a  part  of  speech  serving  to  unite 
two  propositions  as  parts  of  the  same  complex  assertion, 
or  two  words  as  similar  parts  of  the  subject  or  predicate 
of  one  proposition.  By  similar  parts  it  is  meant  that 
the  words  so  united  stand  in  similar  relations  to  the 
term  to  which  they  belong.  For  example,  1.  As  at- 
tributes, both  qualifying  a  subject,  '  Sic  bonus  et 
sapiens  dignis  ait  esse  paratus.'  2.  As  prepositions, 
both  introducing  limiting  nouns,  '  without  money  and 
without  price.'  3.  As  substantives,  both  forming  parts 
of  a  collective  subject,  'two  and  three  are  five.' 
Whereas  with  the  preposition,  the  words  united  are 
not  similar,  but  opposed,  the  limiting  and  the  limited 
notion." 

While  differing  from  some  of  PROFESSOR 
BOOLE'S  views  on  the  relation  of  logic  to  mathe- 
matics, I  fully  agree  with  him  that  the  true 
functions  of  the  several  parts  of  speech  must  be 
determined  by  an  analysis  of  the  laws  of  thought. 
Both  grammar  and  logic  might  be  considerably 
improved  by  an  accurate  development  on  psycho- 
logical principles.  H.  L.  MANSEL,  B.D. 

St.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

Has  not  your  correspondent  G.  BOOLE  fallen 
into  an  inaccuracy  whilst  contending  about  the 
accuracy  of  another's  logic  ?  He  seems  to  employ 
the  proposition,  all  trees  are  endogens  or  exogens, 
as  an  example  of  an  accurate  proposition. 

I  forget  the  technicalities  in  which  the  objection 
to  such  a  proposition  would  be  properly  expressed ; 
but  it  cannot  well  be  denied  that  all  comprehends 
the  whole  genus,  and  expresses  that  whole  col- 
lectively. If  so,  the  proposition  affirms  that  tl\e 
whole  genus  of  trees  must  either  be  acknowledged 
to  be  endogens,  or  else  to  be  all  exogens.  Does 
not  such  an  affirmation  require  the  word  every  to 
clear  it  from  ambiguity  ?  Will  it  be  cleared  of 
ambiguity  by  saying,  "  Every  tree  is  endogen  or 
exogen  ?  "  Or  must  we  say  "  Every  tree  is  either 
endogen  or  exogen  ?  " 

If  your  correspondents  should  happen  to  take 
down  the  second  volume  of  Locke  on  Human  Un- 
derstanding, b.  in.  ch.  iii.  §11.,  on  "  Universals," 
his  note  will  supply  them  with  another  knot  to 
unravel,  of  which  I  would  gladly  see  their  solution. 
For  he  has  there  said,  "  Three  Bobaques  are  all 
true  and  real  Bobaques,  supposing  the  name  of 


that  species  of  animals  belongs  to  them."  Is  this 
name  formed  in  jest  ?  For  the  philosopher  some- 
times puts  on  an  awkward  affectation  of  humour 
in  his  replies  to  Bishop  Stillingfleet,  to  whom  this 
note  is  addressed.  H.  W. 


HAS    EXECUTION    BY    HANGING    BEEN    SURVIVED  f 

(Vol.ix.,  p.  174.) 

Two  instances  of  criminals  being  restored  to 
life  after  having  been  hanged  are  recorded,  on 
good  authority,  to  have  occurred  in  this  town. 
Henry  of  Knighton  (who  was  a  Canon  of  Lei- 
cester Abbey)  relates  in  his  Chronicle  (col.  2627), 
under  the  year  1363,  that  — 

"  One  Walter  Wynkeburn,  having  been  hanged  at 
Leicester,  on  the  prosecution  of  Brother  John  Dingley, 
Master  of  Dalby,  of  the  order  of  Knights  Hospitallers, 
after  having  been  taken  down  from  the  gallows  as  a 
dead  man,  was  being  carried  to  the  cemetery  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre  of  Leicester,  to  be  buried,  began  to 
revive  in  the  cart,  and  was  taken  into  the  church  of 
the  Holy  Sepulchre  by  an  ecclesiastic,  and  there  dili- 
gently guarded  by  this  Leicester  ecclesiastic  to  pre- 
vent his  being  seized  for  the  purpose  of  being  hanged 
a  second  time.  To  this  man  King  Edward  granted 
pardon  in  Leicester  Abbey,  and  gave  him  a  charter  of 
pardon,  thus  saying  in  my  hearing,  '  Deus  tibi  dedit 
vitam,  et  nos  dabimus  tibi  Cartam  ?  " 

We  learn,  on  the  authority  of  a  cotemporary 
record,  preserved  in  the  archives  of  this  borough, 
and  quoted  in  Thompson's  History  of  Leicester, 
p.  110.,  that  in  June,  1313,  Matthew  of  Enderby, 
a  thief,  was  apprehended  and  imprisoned  in  the 
king's  gaol  at  Leicester ;  and  that  being  after- 
wards convicted,  he  was  sentenced  by  Sir  John 
Digby  and  Sir  John  Daungervill,  the  king's 
justices,  to  be  hanged;  that  he  was  led  to  the 
gallows  by  the  frankpledges  of  Birstall  and  Bel- 
grave,  and  by  them  suspended  ;  but  on  his  body 
being  taken  down,  and  carried  to  the  cemetery  of 
St.  John's  Hospital  for  interment,  he  revived,  and 
was  subsequently  exiled.  Three  instances  are 
narrated  in  Wanley's  Wonders  of  Man,  vol.  i. 
pp.  125, 126.,  and  another  will  be  found  in  Seward's 
Spirit  of  Anecdote  and  Wit,  vol.  iii.  p.  88.,  quoted 
from  Gamble's  Views  of  Society,  frc.  in  the  North 
of  Ireland ;  whilst  in  vol.  ii.  p.  220.  of  the  same 
work,  another  restoration  to  life  is  stated  to  have 
taken  place  in  the  dissecting-room  of  Professor 
Junker,  of  Halle :  but  I  know  not  how  far  these 
last-mentioned  anecdotes  are  susceptible  of  proof. 

WILLIAM  KELLY. 

Leicester. 

There  appears  to  be  no  reason  to  doubt  the 
truth  of  individuals  having  survived  execution  by 
hanging. 

Margaret  Dickson  was  tried,  convicted,  and  ex- 
ecuted in  Edinburgh,  in  the  year  1728.  After 


MAE.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


281 


the  sentence  had  been  accomplished,  her  body  was 
cut  down  and  delivered  to  her  friends,  who  placed 
it  in  a  coffin,  and  conveyed  the  same  in  a  cart 
towards  her  native  place  for  the  purpose  of  inter- 
ment. On  her  journey  the  dead  came  to  life 
again,  sat  up  in  her  coffin,  and  alarmed  her  at- 
tendants. She  was,  however,  promptly  bled,  and 
by  the  next  morning  had  perfectly  recovered. 
She  lived  for  twenty-five  years  afterwards,  and 
had  several  children. 

In  1705  one  John  Smith  was  executed  at  Ty- 
burn ;  after  he  had  hung  fifteen  minutes  a  reprieve 
arrived.  He  was  cut  down  and  bled,  and  is  said 
to  have  recovered.  (Paris  and  Fonblanque,  Med. 
Jur.,  vol.  ii.  p.  92.) 

When  it  is  considered  that  death  takes  place 
after  hanging,  in  most  cases  by  asphyxia,  in  very 
rare  instances  by  dislocation  of  the  spine,  we  can 
understand  the  possibility  of  recovery  within 
certain  limits. 

That  artificial  means  have  been  adopted  to 
ensure  recovery,  the  case  of  Gordon,  which  oc- 
curred in  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, satisfactorily  establishes. 

This  evil-doer  had  been  condemned  for  highway 
robbery,  and  with  a  view  to  escape  from  his 
penalty,  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  following 
friendly  assistance. 

A  young  surgeon  named  Chovell  (concerning 
whose  motives  we  will  not  inquire  too  curiously) 
introduced  a  small  tube  through  an  opening  which 
he  made  in  the  windpipe.  The  hangman,  having 
accomplished  his  part  of  the  tragedy,  Gordon's 
body  was  handed  over  to  his  friends.  Chovell 
bled  him,  and  the  highwayman  sighed  deeply,  but 
subsequently  fainted  and  died.  The  want  of 
success  was  attributed  to  the  great  weight  of  the 
culprit,  who  consequently  dropped  with  unusual 
violence.  {Memoirs  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Surgery  in  France,  Sydenham  Society  Publications, 
p.  227.) 

How  far  the  mechanical  contrivance  by  which 
Bouthron,  in  Scott's  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  was 
kept  alive  after  hanging,  was  founded  on  success- 
ful experience,  I  know  not.  Nor  do  I  know 
whether  Hook,  in  his  Maxwell,  had  any  farther 
authority  than  his  imagination  for  his  story  of 
resuscitation,  though  I  have  heard  it  said  to  be 
founded  on  the  supposed  recovery  of  a  distin- 
guished forger,  who  had  paid  the  last  penalty  for 
his  offences,  and  who  was  said  to  have  really  died 
only  a  short  time  since.  OLIVER  PEMBEKTON. 

Birmingham. 

The  Cork  Remembrancer,  a  chronicle  of  local 
events,  which  I  recollect  seeing  among  my  late 
father's  (a  Cork  man)  books,  relates  the  fact  of  a 
man  who  was  hanged  in  that  city,  arid  on  the 
evening  of  the  same  day  appeared,  not  in  the 
spirit,  but  in  body,  in  the  theatre.  I  regret  I 


have  not  the  book,  but  it  is  to  be  had  somewhere. 
Undoubtedly  your  late  venerable  correspondent, 
James  Roche,  Esq.,  could  have  authenticated  my 
statement,  and  with  fuller  particulars,  as  I  only 
relate  the  record  of  it  from  memory,  after  a  lapse 
of  many  years.  I  think  the  occurrence,  of  which 
there  is  no  doubt,  took  place  somewhere  about 
the  year  1782  or  1784;  and  after  all  there  is 
nothing  very  extraordinary  about  it,  for  the 
mode  of  execution  by  hanging  at  that  time  pre- 
sented many  chances  to  the  culprit  of  escaping 
death ;  he  ascended  a  ladder,  upon  which  he  stood 
until" all  the  arrangements  were  completed,  and 
then  was  quietly  turned  off,  commonly  in  such  a 
manner  as  not  to  break  the  neck  or  hurt  the 
spinal  marrow.  It  was  most  likely  so  in  the  case 
I  relate ;  and  the  man  having  been  suspended  the 
usual  time,  and  not  having  been  a  murderer,  was 
handed  over  to  his  friends,  who  took  prompt  mea- 
sures, and  successfully,  to  restore  animation,  and 
so  effectually,  that  the  man,  upon  whom  such 
little  impression  by  the  frightful  ordeal  he  had 
passed  was  made,  mixed  in  the  world  again,  and 
was  at  the  theatre  that  evening. 

Little  chance  is  there  of  escaping  death  by  the 
present  mode  of  executing.  UMBRA. 

Dublin. 

The  Gentleman 's  Magazine,  vol.  x.  p.  570.,  after 
giving  the  names  of  those  executed  on  Nov.  24, 
says : 

"  And  William  Duell,  for  ravishing,  robbing,  and 
murdering  Sarah  Griffin  at  Acton.  The  body  of  this 
last  was  brought  to  Surgeons'  Hall  to  be  anatomised  ; 
but  after  it  was  stripped  and  laid  on  the  board,  and 
one  of  the  servants  was  washing  him  in  order  to  be 
cut,  he  perceived  life  in  him,  and  found  his  breath  to 
come  quicker  and  quicker  ;  on  which  a  surgeon  took 
some  ounces  of  blood  from  him  :  in.  two  hours  he  was 
able  to  sit  up  in  his  chair,  and  in  the  evening  was 
again  committed  to  Newgate." 

And  at  p.  621.  of  the  same  volume,  — 

"  Dec.  9th.  Wm.  Duell  (p.  570.)  ordered  to  be 
transported  for  life." 

Other  instances  will  be  found  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  vol.  i.  p.  172.,  and  vol.  xxxvii. 
p.  90. ;  and  in  vol.  Ixx.  pt.  i.  p.  107.  is  the  very 
curious  case  of  Anne  Green  of  Oxford,  quoted 
from  Dr.  Plot's  Natural  History  of  Oxfordshire, 
p.  197.,  which  is  well  worth  reading.  Also,  in 
vol.  Ivii.  pt.  i.  p.  33.,  is  a  letter,  containing  the  two 
following  quotations  from  Cardan,  in  explanation 
of  the  phenomenon  of  surviving  death  by  hanging : 

"  Is  qui  diu  suspensus  Bononise  jacuit,  vivus  in- 
ventus  est,  quod  asperam  arteriam  non  cartilagineam 
sed  osseam  habuit."  —  Cardamis,  lib.  ii.  tr.  2.  contr.  7. 

"  Constat  quendam  bis  suspensum  servatum  miraculi 
specie ;  inde  cum  tertio  Judicis  solertia  periisset,  in- 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.'  230. 


ventam  osseam  asperam  arteriam." —  Cardanus,  lib.  xiv., 
De  rerum  variet.,  cap.  76. 

In  the  Newgate  Calendar,  or  Malefactors' 
Bloody  Register,  vol.  ii.  p.  233.,  is  the  account  of 
Margaret  Dickson,  who  was  executed  for  child- 
murder  at  Edinburgh,  June  19,  1728,  with  an 
engraving  of  her  "  rising  from  her  coffin  near 
Edinburgh,  as  she  was  carrying  from  the  place  of 
execution  in  order  for  interment." 

"  By  the  Scottish  law,"  says  the  author,  « every 
person  on  whom  the  judgment  of  the  court  has  been 
executed  has  no  more  to  suffer,  but  must  be  for"  ever 
discharged  ;  and  the  executed  person  is  dead  at  law,  so 
that  the  marriage  is  dissolved.  This  was  exactly  the 
case  with  Margaret  Dickson,  for  the  king's  advocate 
could  not  pursue  her  any  farther,  but  filed  a  bill  in  the 
High  Court  of  Justiciary  against  the  sheriff  for  not 
seeing  the  judgment  executed.  And  her  husband 
being  a  good-natured  man,  was  publicly  married  to 
her  within  a  few  days  after  the  affair  happened." 

ZEUS. 

For  the  information  of  your  correspondent  I 
send  an  extract  from  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
for  February,  1767  : 

«*  Saturday  24th  (Jan.).  —  One  Patrick  Redmond 
having  been  condemned  at  Cork,  in  Ireland,  to  be 
hanged  for  a  street  robbery,  he  was  accordingly  ex- 
ecuted, and  hung  upwards  of  twenty-eight  minutes, 
when  the  mob  carried  off  the  body  to  a  place  appointed, 
where  he  was,  after  five  or  six  hours,  actually  reco- 
vered by  a  surgeon,  and  who  made  the  incision  in  his 
windpipe  called  bronchotomy,  which  produced  the  de- 
sired effect.  The  poor  fellow  has  since  received  his 
pardon,  and  a  genteel  collection  has  been  made  for 
him." 

C.R. 

I  would  refer  your  correspondent  5.,  who  has 
put  a  Query  whether  persons  who  have  suffered 
execution  by  hanging  have  outlived  the  infliction, 
to  a  case  of  a  woman  named  Anne  Green,  which 
appears  to  be  authenticated  upon  the  most  un- 
equivocal testimony  of  two  very  estimable  au- 
thors. The  event  to  which  I  allude  is  described 
in  Dr.  Robert  Plot's  History  of  Oxfordshire,  folio, 
Oxford,  1705,  p.  201. ;  and  also  in  the  Physics- 
Theology  of  Rev.  W.  Derham,  F.R.S.,  3rd  edit., 
Svo.,  London,  1714,  p.  157.  The  above-mentioned 
Anne  Green  was  executed  at  Oxford,  December  14, 
1650. 

I  will  not  trespass  upon  your  space,  which 
appears  pretty  well  occupied,  with  a  lengthened 
detail  from  the  authors  pointed  out,  as  their 
works  are  to  be  found  in  most  libraries ;  and 
thinking  Polonius's  observation  that  "  brevity  is 
the  soul  of  wit "  may  be  more  extensively  applied 
than  to  what  relates  to  fancy  and  imagination.  I 
would,  however,  crave  one  word,  which  is,  that 
you  would  suggest  to  your  correspondents  gene- 
rally, that  in  referring  to  works  they  would  give, 


as  distinctly  as  possible,  the  heads  of  the  title,  the 
name  of  the  author,  the  edition,  if  more  than  one, 
the  place  of  publication,  date,  and  page.  I  have 
experienced  much  loss  of  time  from  incorrect  and 
imperfect  references,  not  to  mention  complete  dis- 
appointment in  many  instances,  which  I  trust  may 
plead  my  apology  for  this  remark.*  r. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

A  Stereoscopic  Note.  — I  possess  a  small  volume  en- 
titled A  Disquisition  about  the  Final  Causes  of  Natural 
Things,  by  T.  H.,  B.B.,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society, 
1688.  "  To  which  are  subjoined,  by  way  of  Appendix, 
some  uncommon  observations  about  vitiated  sight." 
In  this  strange  appendix,  one  of  the  uncommon  ob- 
servations is  worth  the  notice  of  your  correspondents 
who  write  on  stereoscopic  subjects.  I  give  you  an  ex- 
tract from  it : 

"  It  has  been  of  late  the  opinion  of  very  learned  men,, 
that  though  both  our  eyes  are  open,  and  turned  to- 
wards an  object,  yet  'tis  but  one  of  them  at  a  time  that 
is  effectually  employed  in  giving  us  the  representation 
of  it :  which  opinion,  in  this  place  where  I  am  writing: 
but  observations,  it  were  not  proper  to  discuss,  espe- 
cially because  what  is  suppos'd  to  be  observed  will 
not  always  uniformly  happen,  but  may  vary  in  par- 
ticular personstaccording  to  their  several  customs,  and 
the  constitution  of  their  eyes  :  for  I  have,  by  an  experi- 
ment purposely  made,  several  times  found,  that  my 
two  eyes  together  see  an  object  in  another  situation 
than  either  of  them  apart  would  do."  And  in  giving 
instances  for  and  against  binocular  vision,  the  author 
says  :  "  A  yet  more  considerable  instance  of  such  mis- 
takes I  afterwards  had  from  a  noble  person,  who, 
having  in  a  fight,  where  he  play'd  the  hero,  had  one  of 
his  eyes  strangely  shot  out  by  a  musquet  bullet,  that 
carne  out  at  his  mouth,  answered  me,  that  not  only  he 
could  not  well  pour  drink  out  of  one  vessel  into  another,. 
but  had  broken  many  glasses  by  letting  them  fall  out 
of  his  hand,  when  he  thought  he  had  put  them  into 
another's,  or  set  them  down  upon  a  table."  The  whole 
book  is  a  very  curious  one,  and  I  should  be  obliged  if 
the  Editor  of  "  N.  &  Q,."  could  tell  me  who  T.  H. 
was?f  J.  LAWSON  SISSON. 

Edingthorpe. 

Photographic  Query.  —  I  think  many  amateur  pho- 
tographers would  be  thankful  for  plain  and  simple 
directions  how  to  mount  their  positives  on  cardboard. 
Would  the  Editor  of"  N.  &  Q."  assist  us  in  this? 

J.  L.  S. 

Deepening  Collodion  Negatives. —  I  have  lately  been 
trying  a  method  of  deepening  collodion  negatives,  so 
as  to  render  instantaneous  impressions  capable  of  being 
printed  from,  which  I  have  found  to  answer  admirably  ^ 

[*  As  our  pages  are  frequently  consulted  for  literary 
purposes,  the  suggestion  of  F.  is  extremely  valuable, 
and  we  trust  his  hints  Avill  be  adopted  by  our  nume- 
ous  correspondents.  —  En.] 

[f  The  Hon.  Robert  Boyle.] 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


and  although  it  is  but  a  slight  modification  of  MR. 
LYTE'S  process  described  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  it  is  a  very 
important  one,  and  will  be  found  to  produce  far  better 
results.  The  picture  having  been  developed  in  the  usual 
way,  with  a  solution  of  pyrogallic  acid,  is  whitened  by 
means  of  MR.  ARCHER'S  solution  of  bichloride  of  mer- 
cury. The  plate  is  then  washed  with  water  and  a 
solution  of  iodide  of  cadmium  poured  on.  This  con- 
verts the  white  chloride  of  mercury,  which  constitutes 
the  picture,  into  the  yellow  iodide,  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium  recommended  by 
MR.  LYTE;  but  is  much  to  be  preferred,  as  it  pro- 
duces a  more  uniform  deposit.  The  solution  of  iodide 
of  potassium  dissolves  the  iodide  of  mercury  as  soon  as 
it  is  formed,  and  therefore  cannot  be  left  on  the  plate 
until  the  decomposition  of  the  chloride  is  complete, 
without  injury  resulting  to  the  picture,  as  the  half- 
tones are  thereby  lost,  and  those  parts  over  which  the 
solution  first  flows  become  bleached  before  the  other 
parts  have  attained  their  highest  tone ;  whereas  the 
solution  of  iodide  of  cadmium  may  be  allowed  to  re- 
main for  any  length  of  time  on  the  plate,  without  any 
fear  of  its  injuring  the  negative.  J.  LEACHMAN. 

Caution  to  Photographers.  —  About  six  months  since, 
I  procured  some  gun  cotton  from  a  chemist  which 
appeared  very  good,  being  quite  soluble,  and  the  col- 
lodion produced  by  it  was  excellent.  That  which  I 
did  not  use  I  placed  in  what  I  believed  to  be  a  clean 
dry -stopped  bottle,  and  put  the  bottle  in  a  dark  cup- 
board. I  was  much  surprised  the  other  day,  upon 
going  to  the  cupboard,  to  find  the  stopper  blown  out, 
and  the  cotton  giving  out  dense  red  fumes  of  nitrous 
acid.  It  appears  to  me  to  be  almost  upon  the  point 
of  combustion,  and  I  have,  accordingly,  placed  it  under 
a  bell-glass  in  a  porcelain  dish  to  watch  the  result. 
I  feel  satisfied,  however,  that  there  is  some  risk,  and, 
as  it  may  often  be  near  ether,  spirits  of  wine,  or  other 
inflammable  chemicals,  that  caution  is  necessary  not 
only  in  preserving  it  at  home,  but  especially  in  its 
transmission  abroad,  which  is  now  done  to  some  extent. 

AN  AMATEUR. 


'  Artesian  Wells  (Yol.  ix.,  p.  222.).  —  Wells  are 
often  so  called  without  just  pretence  to  a  similarity 
with  those  in  Artois,  whence  this  name  is  derived. 
There  are  some  natural  springs  in  the  northern 
slope  of  the  chalk  in  Lincolnshire,  near  the 
Humber,  called  blow-wells,  which  may  be  consi- 
dered naturally  Artesian.  The  particular  cha- 
racter by  which  an  Artesian  well  may  be  known 
is,  that  the  water,  if  admitted  into  a  tube,  will 
rise  above  the  level  of  the  ground  in  its  immediate 
vicinity  up  to  the  level  of  its  sources  in  the  basin 
of  the  district ;  this  basin  being  usually  gravel, 
lying  betwixt  two  strata  impervious  to  water, 
formed  by  the  surrounding  hills,  and  extending 
often  over  many  miles  of  the  earth's  surface.  If 
we  conceive  the  figure  of  a  large  bowl,  inclosing  a 
somewhat  smaller  one,  the  interstice  being  filled 
with  gravel,  and  the  rain  falling  on  the  earth 


being  collected  within  such  interstice,  then  this 
interstice  being  tapped  by  boring  a  well,  the  water 
will  rise  up  from  the  well  to  the  same  height  as 
it  stands  in  the  interstice,  or  rim  of  the  natural 
basin.  Such  is  an  Artesian  well.  Supposing  this 
hu^e  mineral  double  bowl  to  be  broken  by  a  geo- 
logical fault,  the  same  hydrostatic  principle  will 
act  similarly. 

The  question  of  preferable  put  by  STTLITES 
must  be  governed  by  the  cui  bono.  Universal 
adoption  is  forbidden,  first,  by  the  absence  of  a 
gravelly  stratum  betwixt  two  strata  impervious  to 
water ;  and  secondly,  by  the  excessive  expense  of 
boring  to  such  great  depths.  Where  expense  is 
not  in  excess  of  the  object  to  be  attained,  and 
where  the  district-  is  geologically  favourable,  the 
Artesian  wells  are  preferable  to  common  ones  de- 
rived from  natural  tanks  or  water  caverns,  first, 
for  the  superabundant  supply ;  secondly,  for  the 
height  to  which  the  water  naturally  rises  above 
the  ground ;  and  thirdly,  because  boring  Artesian 
wells,  properly  so  called,  does  not  rob  a  neigh- 
bour's well  for  your  own  benefit,  afterwards  to  be 
lost  when  any  neighbour  chooses  to  dig  a  little 
deeper  than  you.  This  is  a  matter  with  which 
London  brewers  are  familiar.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Prior's  Epitaph  on  Himself  (Vol.  i.,  p.  482.). — 
MR.  SINGER  quotes  an  epitaph  on  "  John  Carne- 
gie," and  says  it  is  the  prototype  of  Prior's  epitaph 
on  himself.  I  have  looked  among  Prior's  poems 
for  this  epitaph,  and  have  not  been  able  to  dis- 
cover anything  that  can  be  said  to  answer  MR. 
SINGER'S  description  of  it.  Would  your  corre- 
spondent oblige  me  with  a  copy  of  the  epitaph  to 
which  he  alludes  ?  My  edition  of  Prior  is  a  very 
old  one ;  and  this  may  account  for  the  omission,  if 
such  it  be.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

[The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  epitaph : 

"  Nobles  and  heralds,  by  your  leave, 

Here  lies  what  once  was  Matthew  Prior, 
The  son  of  Adam  and  of  Eve  ; 

Can  Bourbon  or  Nassau  claim  higher?"] 

Handwriting  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  639.).  —  In  your 
concluding  Number  of  last  year,  E.  B.  requested 
information  as  to  any  work  in  English,  French, 
German,  or  Spanish,  giving  a  standard  alphabet 
for  the  various  kinds  of  writing  now  in  use,  with 
directions  for  teaching  the  same.  I  fear  I  shall 
not  satisfy  all  your  correspondent's  inquiries ;  but 
the  following  may  be  of  some  service.  I  have  in 
my  possession  a  German  work,  nearly  of  the  kind 
he  requires.  The  title  is,  Grundliche  Anweisung 
zum  Schonschreiben,  by  Martin  Schussler,  Wies- 
baden, 1820.  It  is  of  an  oblong  shape,  and  con- 
sists entirely  of  engraved  plates,  in  number  thirty- 
two.  It  begins  -with  some  directions  for  the  form 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No,  230. 


tmd  inclination  of  letters  ;  then  follows  an  explan- 
ation of  five  rules  for  writing,  which  are  given  in 
the  German  handwriting.  After  exhausting  the 
"German,  the  author  proceeds  to  English  letters 
-and  handwriting,  followed  by  engrossing  hand. 
Then  he  gives  the  fractur,  or  black-letter  charac- 
ters, with  some  elaborate  and  beautiful  capitals. 
He  next  gives  specimens  of  French  handwriting, 
and  ends  with  Greek  current  hand,  and  plates  of 
large  capitals  of  ornamental  patterns  ;  all  different. 
If  this  work  would  at  all  answer  the  purpose  of 
E.  B.,  and  he  would  wish  to  see  it,  it  shall  be  sent 
to  him  by  post  on  his  giving  his  address  to  the 
writer,  whose  card  is  enclosed.  F.  C.  H. 

I  have  in  my  possession  for-  sale,  a  scarce  old 
•work,  folio,  a  good  clean  copy  of  Geo.  Bickman's 
Universal  Penman,  1733  ;  with  numerous  engrav- 
ings. D.  H.  STEAHAN. 

10.  Winsly  Street,  Oxford  Street. 

;"  Begging  the  Question "  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  640. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  136.). — It  may  interest  your  logical 
readers  to  be  informed  of  the  fact  that  this  fallacy 
was  called  the  petition  of  the  principle,  this  being, 
of  course,  a  literal  rendering  of  the  Latin  phrase. 
The  earliest  English  work  on  logic  in  which  I 
have  found  this  Latinism  is,  The  Arte  of  Logike, 
plainelie  set  foorth  in  our  English  Tongue,  easie 
both  to  be  understoode  and  practised,  1584.  Here 
occurs  the  following  passage  : 

"  Now  of  the  default  of  Logike,  called  Sophisme. 
It  is  eyther  {^SsfJjJJ-  The  generall  are  those  which 
cannot  he  referred  to  any  part  of  Logike.  They  are 

evthpr  /"Begging  of  the  question,  called  the  petition  of  the  principle. 
eyuier  \Bragg}ng  Of  no  prpof. 

Begging  of  the  question  is  when  nothing  is  hrought 
to  prooue,  but  the  question,  or  that  which  is  as 
doubtfull." 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBT. 
Birmingham. 

When  and  where  does  Sunday  begin  or  endf 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  198.). — The  Christian  festival,  com- 
monly called  Sunday,  named  by  the  ancient  church 
"  The  Lord's  Day,"  because  that  thereon  the  re- 
surrection was  accomplished,  and  the  new  cre#- 
tion,  the  work  of  Messias,  commenced,  this  feast, 
I  say,  begins  at  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  of 
Saturday,  the  last  day  of  the  week,  at  the  close  of 
that  Hebrew  fast ;  and  the  end  of  Sunday  arrives 
at  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  that  first  day  of 
the  week.  When  time  was  measured  out,  the 
count  began  with  "the  evening,"  which  was 
created  first;  and  which,  with  the  succeeding 
morning,  reckoned  as  the  first  day. 

H.  OF  MoRWENSTOW. 

This  "question  has  been,  to  a  certain  extent, 
"before  debated  by  Mr.  Johnson  in  his  addenda  to 
his  Clergyman's  Vade  Mecum,  pp.  106,  107.,  and 
Ecclesiastical  Law,  as  quoted  by  Wheatly,  who 


combated  his  reasoning  of  Sunday  beginning  at 
six  o'clock  on  the  Saturday  evening.  Johnson 
rests  his  argument  upon  Deuteronomy  xvi.  6., 
where  the  sacrifice  of  the  passover  is  ordered  "  at 
even,  on  the  going  down  of  the  sun ; "  upon 
Exodus  xii.  6.,  where  the  whole  "  congregation  of 
Israel  shall  kill  it  in  the  evening;"  and  I  think 
he  might  have  also  taken  Genesis  i.  5.,  "  And  the 
evening  and  the  morning  were  the  first  day." 
Johnson  says  that 

"  The  Church  of  England  has  divided  her  nights 
and  days  according  to  the  Scriptural,  not  the  civil 
account :  and  that  though  our  civil  day  begins  from, 
midnight,  yet  our  ecclesiastical  day  begins  at  six  in 
the  evening  .  .  .  The  proper  time  for  vesper,  or  even- 
ing song,  is  six  of  the  clock,  and  from  that  time  the 
religious  day  begins." 

Wheatly  admits  that  "  the  festival  is  not  past 
till  evensong  is  ended,"  but  does  not  agree  to 
its  commencing  on  the  preceding  evensong;  for 
if  it  does,  he  cannot  reconcile  the  rubric  at  the 
end  of  the  Table  of  Vigils. 

On  the  whole,  I  think  Johnson  has  the  best  of 
the  argument :  and  that  Sunday  begins  ecclesi- 
astically at  six  in  the  evening  on  Saturday ;  civilly, 
at  midnight.  R.  J.  S. 

t 

Precious  Stones  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  539. ;  Vol.  ix., 
pp.  37.  88.).  —  Respecting  precious  stones,  some 
information  may  be  gleaned  from  the  notes  to 
Sir  John  Hill's  translation  of  Theophrastus'  His- 
tory of  Stones  (8vo.,  2nd  edit.,  London,  1774). 

J.  M. 

Oxford. 

Scotch  Grievance  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  160.).  — Your 
correspondents  refer  to  coins  of  a  period  when  the 
Scotch  do  not  complain.  Their  grievance,  as 
alleged,  is  as  to  the  mode  of  bearing  the  lion  since 
the  Union  in  1707  ;  to  which  the  instances  quoted, 
between  the  time  of  James  I.  and  William  III., 
have  no  reference.  G. 

"  Corporations  have  no  Souls"  fyc.  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  587.). — The  following,  which  I  extract  from 
Hone's  Table-Book,  is  probably  the  remark  to 
which  your  correspondent  B.  alludes : 

"  Mr.  Howel  Walsh,  in  a  corporation  case  tried  at 
the  Tralee  assizes,  observed  that  a  corporation  cannot 
blush.  It  was  a  body,  it  was  true ;  had  certainly  a 
head  —  anew  one  every  year  —  an  annual  acquisition, 
of  intelligence  in  every  new  lord  mayor.  Arms  he 
supposed  it  had,  and  long  ones  too,  for  it  could  reach 
at  anything.  Legs,  of  course,  when  it  made  such  long 
strides.  A  throat  to  swallow  the  rights  of  the  com- 
munity, and  a  stomach  to  digest  them  !  But  who  ever 
yet  discovered,  in  the  anatomy  of  any  corporation, 
either  bowels  or  a  heart  ?  " 

HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


MAE.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


Devereux  Bowly  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  173.).  —  In  reply 
to  UNEDA'S  inquiry,  Devereux  Bowly,  watch- 
maker, of  Lombard  Street,  London,  died  Mar.  15, 
1773,  in  his  seventy-eighth  year. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
and  being  at  the  time  of  his  decease  a  widower, 
and  without  family,  he  left  a  large  portion  of  his 
property  to  their  school,  then  at  Clerkenwell,  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  which  he  resided.  T.  S.  N. 

Reversible  Names  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  244.  655.).  — 
There  is  a  gentleman  in  this  island  who  bears  the 
name  and  surname  of  Xuaved  Devaux,  which  are 
mutually  reversible.  HENRY  H.  BBEEN. 

St.  Lucia. 

Your  correspondent  BALLIOLENSIS,  in  speaking 
of  reversible  or  palindromic  English  names,  seems 
to  have  overlooked  the  names  of  Hannah  and 
Anna.  X. 

Duval  Family  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  318.  423.).  —  A 
grant  was  made  by  the  crown  in  Ireland  on  the 
4th  July,  1  James  II.,  to  Garret  Wall,  alias  Du- 
vall,  sen.,  Esq. ;  Garret  Wall,  alias  Duvall,  jun. ; 
Jas.  Wall,  alias  Duvall;  and  Michael  Wall  of  the 
manor,  town,  and  lands  of  Culenemucky,  co.  Wa- 
terford.  J.  F.  FERGUSON. 

Member  of  Parliament  electing  Himself  (Vol. 
viii.,  p.  586.).  —  In  the  article  forwarded  by 
H.  M.  are  many  gross  errors.  William  M'Leod 
Bannatyne,  Esq.,  was  Sheriff  of  Buteshire  from 
Dec.  22,  1775,  till  May  28,  1799  ;  during  which 
period  there  were  only  two  county  elections  in 
Buteshire,  viz.  April  22,  1784,  and  June  27,  1796 
(the  counties  of  Bute  and  Caithness  being  repre- 
sented only  in  alternate  parliaments),  and  on 
neither  of  those  occasions  was  he  the  sole  free- 
holder present.  The  statement  in  question  can 
therefore  only  refer  to  the  election  on  Nov.  13, 
1806,  when,  owing  to  some  accidental  circum- 
stances, he  was  the  only  freeholder  present.  In 
1799  he  was  raised  to  the  Bench  of  the  Court  of 
Session  by  the  title  of  Lord  Bannatyne  ;  and  con- 
sequently he  neither  did  nor  could  act  as  sheriff 
seven  years  after  he  ceased  to  hold  that  office.  It 
is  true  that,  as  a  technical  formality,  he  nominated 
himself  chairman  of  the  meeting  to  enable  him  to 
sign  the  minute  of  the  election  in  that  capacity ; 
but  it  is  not  true  that  he  either  administered  the 
oaths  to  himself,  or  signed  the  return  of  the  elec- 
tion as  sheriff.  I  was  then  a  lad,  and  was  present 
as  a  spectator  on  that  occasion,  when  I  saw  Mr. 
Blain  the  sheriff-substitute  administer  the  oaths  to 
Lord  Bannatyne ;  and,  of  course,  Mr.  Blain  also 
made  the  election  return,  certifying  that  "the 
Honorable  James  Stuart  Wortley  Mackenzie  of 
Rosehaugh,  &c.  (a  relation  of  the  family  of  Bute) 
had  been  duly  elected."  Thus  you  see  that  the 
title  of  the  article  is  quite  erroneous,  and  is  not 


even  borne  out  by  the  original  account,  as  the 
freeholder  did  not  elect  himself,  but  another  per- 
son ;  and  he  did  not  act  in  any  other  capacity  than 
that  of  a  freeholder  :  the  case  being  extraordinary 
enough  of  only  one  freeholder  attending  at  a 
county  election,  without  the  addition  of  those 
marvellous  circumstances.  J.  M'K. 

Gresebroh,  in  Yorkshire  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  389.). — 
To  assist  your  correspondent  'Hpa\5£fcos,  I  may 
tell  him  that  the  family  he  inquires  about  now 
resides  at  Horton  Castle  and  Audenham  in  Staf- 
fordshire. Many  years  ago,  when  I  took  some 
interest  in  genealogy,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  being- 
a  guest  of  this  family ;  and  I  then  heard  it  saidr 
that  they  could  trace  a  very  ancient  and  brilliant 
line  from  one  Osbert,  who  married  a  great  heiress 
at  the  Conquest,  and  that  they  were  direct  de- 
scendants of  the  ancient  kings  of  England.  Some 
of  Mr.  Burke's  publications  I  think  would  assist 
'UpaXdiKos  ;  not  having  them  by  me,  I  cannot  give 
the  exact  reference ;  but  some  months  ago  I  saw, 
either  in  the  Landed  Gentry,  or  in  the  Visitations, 
a  note  of  the  family.*  But  I  think,  if  your  cor- 
respondent could  by  any  means  see  Mr.  Graze- 
brooke's  papers  (as  above  noted),  he  would  obtain 
all  the  particulars  he  may  require.  HOSPES. 

Charlotte  Street,  London. 

Sir  Anthony  Fitzhe-rbert  not  Chief  Justice  (Vol. 
viii.,  pp.  576.  631.). — The  accompanying  extract 
will  resolve  the  difficulty  which  M.  W.  K.  pro- 
poses : 

"  But  here  our  author  objects  against  himself:  That 
once  upon  a  time  the  archbishop  called  a  synod  by  his 
own  authority,  without  the  king's  licence  ;  and  was- 
thereupon  prohibited  by  Fitzherbert,  Lord  Chief  Jus- 
tice ;  but  the  archbishop  regarded  not  his  prohibition. 
What  this  is  to  his  purpose  I  cannot  tell,  nor  do  I  see 
wherefore  he  brought  it  in,  unless  it  were  to  blame 
Rolle  for  quoting  Speed  for  it.  And  therefore,  in  be- 
half of  both,  I  shall  take  the  liberty  to  say  thus  much. 
That  I  know  not  what  harm  it  is  for  a  man  in  his  own 
private  collections  —  for  such  Rolle's  Abridgment  was, 
though  afterwards  thought  worthy  of  a  public  view-— 
to  note  a  memorable  passage  of  history,  and  make  a 
remark  of  his  own  upon  it,  out  of  one  of  the  most 
faithful  and  judicious  of  all  our  modern  historians. 

"  I  have  before  taken  notice  of  this  passage,  and  that 
not  from  Speed,  but  from  Roger  Hoveden ;  from 

[*  Ferdinando  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Halesowen,  born 
March  26,  1779,  a  magistrate  and  deputy-lieutenant, 
and  Lieut.- Colonel  of  the  Worcester  Militia,  married 
first,  in  July,  1802,  Eloisa  Knudson,  who  died  s.p. 
Sept.  14,  1805  ;  and,  secondly,  Oct.  5,  1830,  Elizabeth, 
fourth  daughter  of  Michael  Grazebrook,  Esq.,  of  Aud- 
nam,  co.  Stafford,  by  whom  he  left  two  surviving  sons, 
Ferdinando  Dudley  Lea,  now  of  Halesowen,  and  Wil- 
liam Lea,  born  Feb.  27,  1836.  Colonel  Smith  died 

July  20,  1841 Burke's  Landed  Gentry,  p.  1248.— 

ED.] 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


•whom  I  suppose  Speed  may  also  have  taken  the  rela- 
tion. I  shall  therefore  only  beg  to  set  this  gentle- 
man, to  whom  all  our  historians  are  I  doubt  equally 
unknown,  right  in  two  particulars;  by  telling  him, 
that  neither  was  Filzherbert  the  man  who  jjrohibited  the 
archbishop,  neither  was  he  Chief  Justice  when  he  did  it. 
His  name  was  Geoffrey  Fitz-Peter.  He  was  Earl  of 
Essex,  and  a  very  eminent  man  in  those  days  ;  and  his 
place  was  much  greater  than  this  author  represents  it  ; 
even  Lord  Justice  of  England,  which  he  was  first 
made  by  King  Richard,  anno  1198;  and  held  in  the 
King's  absence  to  his  death,  anno  1213;  in  which 
year  King  John,  going  over  into  France,  constituted 
Peter,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Lord  Justice  in  his 
place."  —  Wake's  Authority  of  Christian  Princes  as- 
serted, pp.  284-6. 

WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 
Tor-Mohun. 

The  Privileges  of  the  See  of  Canterbury 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  56.).  —  As  no  one  has  yet  volun- 
teered to  solve  MR.  FBASER'S  question,  How  the 
letter  of  Pope  Boniface  ordaining  that,  however 
human  circumstances  might  be  changed,  the  city  of 
Canterbury  should  ever  thereafter  be  esteemed 
the  metropolitan  see,  can  be  reconciled  with  the 
creation  of  the  archiepiscopal  see  of  Westminster, 
—  I  may  suggest  as  a  solution  this  maxim  : 

"  Nihil  tarn  conveniens  est  naturali  asquitati,  unum- 
quodque  dissolvi  eo  ligamine  quo  ligatum  est." 

It  is  possible,  too,  that  Pope  Pius  IX.  may  have 
considered  that  a  case  had  arisen  for  applying  this 
principle,  — 

"  Necessitas  publica  major  est  quam  privata." 

But  be  this  as  it  may  (and  you  will  excuse  me  in 
observing,  by  the  way,  that  I  do  not  concur  in  the 
correctness  of  this  hypothetical  view  if  taken  by 
his  holiness),  I  hope  we  shall  hear  from  MR. 
FRASER  whether  the  former  of  the  above  maxims  j 
has  been  effectual  to  remove  his  difficulties,  which, 
as  I  presume  from  their  insertion  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
are  not  of  a  purely  theological  nature. 

RESPONDENS. 

Chauncy  or  Chancy  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  126.).  —  Your 
correspondent  J.  Y.  will  find  an  account  of  Chartes  j 
Chauncey,  B.D.,  and  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  born  in  1589,  and  died  in  1671,  in 
vol.  iii.  p.  451.  of  Brook's  Lives  of  the  Puritans. 
See  also  Chalmers's  Biographical  Dictionary. 


Dublin. 

"  Three  cats"  frc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  173.).  —Miss 
BOCKETT  wishes  for  the  remainder  of  the  "old 
ballad"  beginning  with  "  Three  cats;"  and  I  beg 
to  inform  her,  that  there  never  was  any  more  than 
what  she  mentions.  The  object  of  the  singer  was, 
to  cause  fun  by  an  elaborately  modulated  cadenza 
on  the  word  coal-dust,  and  then  to  call  on  the  com- 


pany to  join  in  chorus.  He  next  continued  with 
some  significant  word,  as  "  notwithstanding  ;"  and, 
after  a  pause  of  some  bars  rest,  he  went  on  with 
"  Three  cats,"  as  before,  ad  infinitum,  changing  the 
initial  word  each  time.  It  required  some  tact  to 
give  it  effect ;  but,  if  sung  by  a  clever  humorist, 
was  sure  to  keep  the  room  in  a  roar  of  laughter. 
But  its  day  is  gone  by.  GRIMALKIN. 

Halliweil,  in  his  Collection  of  Nursery  Rhymes, 
does  not  mention  "  Three  cats  by  the  fire-side," 
&c. ;  but  I  have  in  my  possession  several  not 
named  by  him,  and  "Three  cats,"  &c.  amongst 
the  number,  which  I  have  much  pleasure  in  tran- 
scribing for  the  benefit  of  JULIA  R.  BOCKETT'S 
ancient  friend : 

"  Three  cats  sat  by  the  fire-side, 
In  a  basket  full  of  coal-dust, 
One  cat  said  to  the  other 
In  fun,  pell  mell,  '  Queen  Anne's  dead.' 
« Is  she,'   said   Grimalkin,   '  then  I'll  reign  queen  in 

her  stead,' 
Then  up,  up,  up,  they  flew  up  the  chimney." 

ANON. 

Probably  this  is  the  song  of  "  The  Turnspits  :  " 

"  Two  little  dogs  sat  by  the  fire-side, 

In  adbasket  full  of  coal-dust; 
Says  one  little  dog  to  the  other  little,  dog, 
•  If  you  don't  go  in,  I  must.'  " 

N.B.  —  Into  the  wheel.  SMOKEJACK. 

Officers  of  Charles  I.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  74.).— SIR 
T.  METCALFE  mentions,  as  among  the  "  curious 
stray  sheets "  in  his  possession,  "  a  list  of  all  the 
gentlemen  and  officers  who  fell  in  the  cause  of 
Charles  I."  As  I  have  long  wished  to  see  a  list  of 
King  Charles's  officers,  but  have  never,  as  yet, 
met  with  anything  like  a  complete  catalogue  of 
those  who  fell,  or  of  those  who  survived,  it  would 
be  interesting  to  me,  as  I  doubt  not  it  would  be 
interesting  to  many  of  your  readers,  to  see  this 
"  curious  stray  sheet "  transferred  to  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q." 

Can  you  refer  me  to  any  published,  or  other- 
wise accessible,  list  of  the  officers  who  fought 
against  Charles  I.,  whether  by  sea  or  land  ? 

Is  there  any  printed  list  of  officers  at  the  time 
of  the  Restoration  ? 

D.  O.  M.  (Vol.  iii.,  p.  173.;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  137.). 
—  Would  R.  W.  D.  state  his  reasons  for  rendering 
these  letters  "  Datur  omnibus  mori  ?  "  Such  an 
inscription  would  of  course  be  a  propos  in  the  case 
of  a  tombstone ;  but  the  ordinary  interpretation, 
"  Deo  Optimo  Maximo,"  would  likewise  be  fitting, 
and  it  is  not  probable  that  the  same  initials  should 
have  two  distinct  meanings.  W.  M.  N". 

Whitewashing  in  Churches  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.). — 
Mr.  Hudson  Turner  informs  us  {Domestic  Archi» 


MAB.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


lecture  in  England,  vol.  i.  p.  246.)  that  as  early  as 
the  thirteenth  century  the  practice  of  white- 
washing buildings  was  universal ;  and  that  "  the 
process,  so  vehemently  denounced  by  modern  an- 
tiquaries, was  liberally  applied  also  to  ecclesias- 
tical edifices."  WILLIAM  KELLY. 
Leicester. 

Mr.  Hudson  Turner  says  : 

"  We  are  not  to  consider  the  practice  of  whitewash- 
ing stonework  as  a  vice  peculiar  to  modern  times.  Our 
ancestors  had  as  great  an  objection  to  the  natural  sur- 
face of  stone,  whether  in  churches  or  other  buildings, 
as  any  churchwardens  or  bricklayers  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  Several  writs  of  Henry  III.  are  extant,  di- 
recting the  Norman  Chapel  in  the  Tower  to  be  white- 
'washed.  Westminster  Hall  was  whitewashed  for  the 
coronation  of  Edward  I.  ;  and  many  other  ancient 
examples  might  be  cited.  In  fact  it  seems  to  have 
been  the  rule  to  plaster  ordinary  stonework." — Do- 
mestic Architecture  in  England,  p.  xxvi. 

A  far  earlier  instance  of  the  practice  appears  in 
Deuteronomy  xxvii.  2. 

K.'s  question,  however,  is  scarcely  answered  by 
the  above,  as  it  cannot  be  supposed  that  delicate 
sculpture  was  clogged  with  whitewash  until  it  be- 
came obnoxious  on  religious  grounds.  C.  K.  M. 

Enfield  Church  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  352.).  —  Your  cor- 
respondent is  quite  wrong  as  to  the  date  of  this 
building.  The  nave  is  separated  from  the  north 
and  south  aisles  by  an  arcade  of  five  arches  of 
undoubted  Middle  Pointed  work ;  not  later  than 
the  beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century,  to  which 
date  also  belongs  the  east  window  of  the  chancel : 
the  "  clere-story,"  which  has  the  device  of  a  rose 
and  wing  (not  ring),  is  probably  of  the  date 
assigned  to  the  whole  church  by  your  correspon- 
dent. The  south  aisle  was  much  altered  about 
forty  years  ago,  the  windows  of  which  are  a  bad 
imitation  of  those  in  the  north  aisle.  In  making 
alterations  to  the  chancel  in  1852,  the  piscina,  and 
a  portion  of  the  sedilia,  a  drawing  of  which  is 
given  in  The  Builder,  vol.  x.  p.  797.,  with  a  win- 
dow over,  were  brought  to  light.  They  belong  to 
the  First  Pointed  period,  or  about  the  latter  part 
of  the  twelfth  century ;  clearly  showing  that  a 
portion,  at  least,  of  the  church  is  of  the  last-men- 
tioned date. 

I  have  always  understood  that  the  wing  and 
rose,  on  the  walls  of  the  clere-story,  was  the  cog- 
nizance of  Abbot  AVingrose  of  Waltham. 

JAS.  P.  ST.  AOBYN. 

Coin  of  Carausius  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.).  —  C.  G.  is 
right  in  considering  his  coin  as  of  Carausius,  who 
reigned  from  1040  to  1046  A.U.C.  I  would  sug- 
gest p.  F.  for  Pius  Felix,  as  preferable  to  p.  p. 

The  dates  will  show  that  the  letters  MLXXI 
have  nothing  to  do  with  the  year  1071.  On  other 
coins  of  Carausius  we  find  the  signs  ML,  Moneta 


Londinensis,  or  Moneta  Londini  (percussa)  ;  and 
MSL,  Moneta  signata  Londini.  These  interpre- 
tations are  justified  by  analogy  with  the  Roman 
coins,  and  by  the  signs  on  coins  of  Constantine, 
MSL,  which  must  be  interpreted  as  on  the  coins  of 
Carausius,  MLON,  and  MLN,  Moneta  Londini  (per- 
cussa).  The  abbreviation  LN  for  LON  is  analogous 
to  RV  for  Ravenna,  which  is  undoubted. 

As  for  the  letters  xxi,  they  occur  very  fre- 
quently, either  alone  or  with  others,  on  coins  of 
Aurelian  and  his  successors.  They  have  evi- 
dently relation  to  the  value  of  the  coin,  and  are 
replaced  by  the  Greek  letters  KA,  which  have  the 
same  numerical  value,  on  coins  of  Diocletian,  &c. 
As  analogous  signs,  I  may  quote  LXXII  and  OB, 
the  corresponding  Greek  letters,  on  amei  respec- 
tively of  Constantine  and  Valentinian,  showing 
the  ameus  —  TaT  of  a  pound ;  LX  on  silver  coins  of 
Constantius  =  ^  of  a  pound  ;  and  xcvi  on  denarii 
of  Diocletian  =  ^  of  a  pound. 

It  has  not  yet  been  explained,  however,  in  what 
relation  these  copper  coins  stood  to  the  others,  so 
as  to  justify  the  xxi,  unless  Mommsen  may  have 
done  so  in  a  book  I  have  not  seen,  Ueber  den 
Verfall  des  Munzwesens  in  der  Kaiser zeit,  1851. 
See  for  the  particulars  of  the  above-cited  coins, 
Pinder  and  Friedlander's  Beitragc  zur  Munz- 
kunde,  p.  17.  and  following.  W.  H.  SCOTT. 

Torquay. 

Society  for  Burning  the  Dead  (Vol.ix.,  p.  76.). — 

"  The  Pioneer  Metropolitan  Association  for  Pro- 
moting the  Practice  of  Decomposing  the  Dead  by  the 
Agency  of  Fire.  W.  H.  Newman,  Hon.  Sec.,  to 
whom  all  communications  are  to  be  addressed,  post 
paid,  at  the  City  of  London  Mechanics'  Institute, 
Gould  Square,  Crutched  Friars,  or  at  7.  Cleveland 
Street,  Mile  End  Road. 

"  January,  1850. 
"  ARTHUR  TREVELVAN, 
"  Associate." 

ANON. 

Map  of  Dublin  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  171.).  —  Your 
querist  C.  H.  will  be  shown  with  pleasure,  at  my 
house,  a  very  ancient  map  of  Dublin,  styled  "  An 
Exact  Copy  of  a  Map  of  the  City  and  Harbour  of 
Dublin,  from  a  Survey  by  John  R6cque."  There 
is  no  date  to  it,  but  I  observe  that  the  street 
I  live  in  was  called  "  Fleet  Alley." 

JOHN  H.  POWELL. 

15.  Westmoreland  Street,  Dublin. 

Pettifogger  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  354.).  —  One  who 
"  would  cast  a  mist  before,"  and  around,  his 
clients.  He  makes  it  his  constant  practice  to  raise 
a  "  petty-fog." 

"  And  thus  much  for  this  cloud,  I  cannot  say  rather 
than  petty-fog  of  witnesses,  with  which  Episcopal  men 
would  cast  a  mist  before  us,  to  deduce  their  exalted 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


Episcopacy  from  Apostolick  Times."  —  Milton,  of  Pre- 
latical  Episcopacy,  Ed.  Col.  Amst.,  1698,  vol.  i.  p.  245. 

Is  not  this  a  more  probable  origin  of  the  word 
than  the  pettivogueur  of  our  etymologists  ?  And 
MR.  KEIGHTLEY  will,  I  am  sure,  permit  me  to 
suggest  that  it  is  a  derivation  at  least  as  obvious 
and  expressive  as  petty folker.  WILLIAM  BEAL. 

Brooke  Vicarage,  Norfolk. 

Views  in  London  by  Canalctto  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  106.). 

—  In  reply  to  the  Query  of  your  correspondent 
GONDOLA,  I  beg  to  say  that  I  have  long  had  the 
pleasure  of  possessing  one  of  Canaletto's  London 
views,   that   of    the   Thames   from    the   Temple 
Gardens,  in  which  the  hand  that  painted  gondolas 
and  masks  may  be  traced  in  Thames  wherries  arid 
grave  Templars.     I  believe  there  are  others  in  the 
collections  of  the  Dukes  of  Buccleugh  and  Nor- 
thumberland. EDMUND  PHIPPS. 

Park  Lane. 

During  the  residence  of  Antonio  Canaletto  at 
Venice,  he  painted  a  number  of  pictures,  at  low 
prices,  for  Joseph  Smith,  Esq.,  the  British  consul ; 
but  that  gentleman  retailed  those  paintings  at  an 
enormous  profit  to  English  travellers.  Canaletto 
finding  this  out,  was  induced  to  visit  a  country 
where  his  talents  were  so  much  appreciated.  He 
accordingly  came  to  England  in  the  year  1746, 
being  then  about  fifty  years  of  age.  He  remained 
with  us  six  or  seven  years  (not  two,  as  stated  by 
Walpole),  and  during  that  period  received  great 
encouragement  from  the  English  nobility.  His 
delineations  of  London  and  its  environs,  especially 
those  of  Thames  scenery  (of  which  he  seems  to 
have  been  very  fond),  are  deservedly  admired. 
Two  of  these  are  at  Goodwood,  and  another  (Par- 
liament Street,  looking  towards  Charing  Cross)  is 
in  the  Buccleuch  Collection.  Several  London 
paintings  were,  at  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  in  the  possession  of  the  Hon.  Percy 
Wyndham.  Some  others  are  to  be  found  in  the 
royal  collections,  and  in  those  of  many  noblemen 
and  gentlemen  of  fortune. 

EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 

London  Fortifications   (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  174.  207.). 

—  During  the  last  civil  war  a  fortification  was 
erected  at  the  Brill  Farm,  near  old  St.  Pancras 
Church,  where,  120  years  after,  Somers  Town  was 
built.     A  view  of  it  is  extant,  and  may  be  obtained 
for  a  few  shillings.     The  Brill  is  also  stated  to 
have  been  a  Roman  station,  but,  I  believe,  without 
foundation.  G.  J.  S. 

Tavistock  Terrace,  Holloway. 

What  Day  is  it  at  our  Antipodes  ?  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  102.  649.).  —  After  the  able  way  in  which  this 
subject  has  been  treated  by  A.  E.  B.,  I  will  only 


add  an  extract  from  A  Complete  System  of  Geo- 
graphy, by  Emanuel  Bowen,  London,  1747,  vol.  Hi. 
p.  250.: 

"  One  thing  more  is  worth  observing  concerning 
this  place  (Macao),  namely,  that  the  Portuguese 
Sunday  here  is  the  Saturday  with  the  Spaniards  of  the 
Philippine  Islands,  and  so  forward  through  all  the 
days  of  the  week,  although  there  be  scarce  any  differ- 
ence in  the  longitude  of  both  places.  But  the  reason 
is,  the  Portuguese,  in  coming  to  Europe,  pass  east- 
ward, whereas  the  Spaniards,  coming  from  America, 
pass  westward  ;  so  that  between  both,  they  have  sailed 
round  the  globe  :  in  doing  which  there  is  necessarily 
one  day  lost,  as  we  have  taken  occasion  to  show  in  the 
introduction  to  this  work." 

JOHN  P.  STILAVELL. 

Dorking. 


NOTES   ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

When  Dr.  Ure  tells  us  that  from  the  year  1804, 
when  he  conducted  the  schools  of  chemistry  and  ma- 
nufactures in  the  Andersonian  Institution,  up  to  the 
present  day,  he  has  been  assiduously  engaged  in  the 
study  and  improvement  of  most  of  the  chemical,  and 
many  of  the  mechanical,  arts ;  that  during  that  period 
he  has  been  habitually  consulted  professionally  by 
proprietors  of  factories,  workshops,  and  mines,  to 
rectify  what  was  amiss  in  their  establishments,  and  to 
supply  what  was  wanting,  he  shows  clearly  how  great 
were  his  qualifications  for  the  preparation  of  A  Dic- 
tionary of  Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Mines,  containing  a 
clear  exposition  of  their  principles  and  practice  :  and  it 
is  therefore  little  wonder  that  a  work  undertaken  with 
such  advantages  should  have  reached  what  is  now 
before  us,  a  "  fourth  edition,  corrected  and  greatly  en- 
larged." Dr.  Ure  has,  in  this  edition,  turned  to  good 
account  the  many  novelties  of  an  interesting  and  useful 
nature  first  displayed  in  the  Great  Exhibition,  and 
his  two  portly  volumes  may  be  consulted  with  ad- 
vantage not  only  by  manufacturers  and  professional 
men,  but  by  lawyers,  legislators,  and,  in  short,  all  who 
take  an  interest  in  those  achievements  of  science  to 
which  this  great  country  owes  its  pre-eminence. 

Unnoticed  by  reviewers,  and  unaided  by  favour  or 
influence,  Mr.  Keightley  tells  us  that  his  Mythology  of 
Ancient  Greece  and  Italy  has  reached  its  third  edition. 
So  much  the  better,  for  it  proves  that  the  book  has 
merits  of  its  own,  and  those  merits  have  won  for  it  a 
place  which  will  keep  Mr.  Keightley's  name  in  me- 
mory as  long  as  a  love  for  classical  literature  and  taste- 
ful learning  remains;  and  this,  we  suspect,  will  be 
longer  than  Mr.  Keightley  anticipates.  As  the  success 
which  has  attended  this  valuable  and  original  exposition 
of  classical  mythology  renders  it  unnecessary  to  say 
one  word  as  to  its  merits,  we  may  content  ourselves 
with  stating  that  this  edition  has  been  carefully  re- 
vised, has  received  numerous  additions,  and,  although 
it  is  beautifully  got  up,  is  published  at  a  lower  price 
than  its  predecessor. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


289 


The  children  of  Lady  Fal mouth  are  blessed  with  a 
mother  who  possesses  that  invaluable  gift,  the  art  of 
making  learning  a  pleasure ;  and  we  doubt  not  many 
a  loving  mother  will  be  glad  to  find  her  labours  light- 
ened by  the  recently  published  Conversations  on  Geo- 
graphy, or  the  Child's  first  introduction  to  where  He  is, 
what  He  is,  and  what  else  there  is,  by  Viscountess  Fal- 
mouth,  Baroness  Le  Despencer.  These  conversations 
strongly  remind  one  of  Mrs.  Marcet's,  and  we  can  give 
them  no  higher  praise. 

Whatever  difference  of  opinion  may  exist  as  to  the 
partial  or  impartial  character  of  M.  de  Custine's  work 
upon  Russia,  it  contains  much  matter  which  will  be 
read  at  the  present  important  crisis  with  considerable 
interest ;  and  in  reprinting  it  in  their  Traveller's  Li- 
brary, at  a  price  which  will  place  it  within  the  reach  of 
all  classes  of  readers,  Messrs.  Longman  have  taken 
steps  for  securing  to  Russia  by  M.  De  Custine  a 
wide-spread  popularity. 

Our  valued  correspondent  MR.  SINGER  has  kindly 
sent  us  a  copy  of  a  little  offering  to  the  manes  of 
Shakspeare  and  Tieck,  of  which  he  has  printed  a  few 
copies  for  private  distribution.  It  is  The  Midsummer 
Night,  or  Shakspeare  and  the  Fairies,  from  the  German 
of  Ludwig  Tieck,  by  Mary  C.  Rumsay.  The  work, 
one  of  exuberant  fancy,  was  written  when  Tieck  was 
only  sixteen,  but  only  published  by  his  friend  Bulow 
in  1851.  It  is  translated  with  great  ability;  and  we 
regret,  for  the  sake  of  the  many  who  would  wish  to 
possess  it,  that  MR.  SINGER  did  not  carry  out  his 
original  intention,  and  publish  it  in  aid  of  the  funds 
for  the  monument  to  Tieck. 

The  Journal  of  Classical  and  Sacred  Philology,  No.  I., 
March,  1854,  is  the  first  of  a  very  valuable  periodical, 
the  nature  and  object  of  which  are  plainly  indicated 
by  its  title.  One  very  useful  feature  is  its  Con- 
tents of  Foreign  Journals,  in  which  it  records  all  the 
important -contributions  on  sacred  and  classical  philo- 
logy inserted  in  the  chief  periodicals  of  the  Continent. 

We  have  before  us  the  publications  of  The  Arundel 
Society,  or  Society  for  Promoting  the  Knowledge  of  the  Fine 
Arts,  for  the  fourth  year  :  and  they  are  indeed  of  a  na- 
ture to  effect  the  great  object  for  which  the  Society  was 
instituted.  They  consist  of  eight  engravings  on  wood 
from  drawings  made  by  Mr.  Williams,  who  was  sent  by 
the  Society  to  Padua  expressly  for  the  purpose,  from 
the  frescos  of  Giotto  in  the  Arena  Chapel.  The 
woodcuts  have  been  executed  by  Messrs.  Dalziel.  With 
the  rest  of  these  prints  will  be  issued  a  short  descrip- 
tion of  the  chapel  and  its  frescos,  prepared  by  Mr. 
Ruskin. 

The  Second  Part  of  Mr.  Netherclift's  Autograph 
Miscellany  contains  fac-similes  of  the  original  deposi- 
tions of  their  marriage  by  James  II.  and  Anne  Hyde  ; 
of  an  original  letter  from  Luther  to  Cromwell,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Essex  ;  of  a  letter  from  Glover,  Somer- 
set Herald,  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester ;  and  of  that 
portion  of  Sterne's  Sentimental  Journey  in  which  is 
related  the  episode  of  "  The  Dead  Ass." 

The  success  which  has  attended  the  publication  of 
Miss  Barney's  Diary,  or,  to  give  the  work  its  more 
correct  title,  The  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'Ar- 
blny,  has  induced  Mr.  Colburn  to  commence  a  new 
edition  of  it  in  seven  three-shilling  volumes. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.    London,  1828.    l'2mo. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent  to  M«.  BELL,  Publisher  ot  "  NOTES  AND 
QUKIIIES."  186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

LONDON  LABOUR  AND  THE  LONDON  POOR.    44  various  Numbers, 

several  of  many  of  them. 
KNIGHT'S  NATIONAL  CYCLOPEDIA.    32  Parts. 
ALMANACK,  oy  THK  MONTH,  by  Gilbert  A.  A'Beckett.  Jan.,  Feb., 

June,  Sept.,  and  Dec.,  1846. 

Wanted  by  Geo.  Newbold,  8.  Regent  Street,  Vauxhall  Road. 


AN  ESSAY  EXPLANATORY  OF  THE  TEMPEST  PIIOGNOSTICATOR  IN 
THE  BUILDING  OF  GREAT  EXHIBITION.    The  last  edition. 

Wanted  by  J.  T.  C.,  care  of  Messrs.  M'Gee  &  Co.,  Nassau 
Street,  Dublin. 


THE  FAMILY  INSTRUCTOR,  by  De  Foe.    2  Vols.    1841.    Oxford, 

Talboys. 

ALLAN  RAMSAY'S  TEA-TABLE  MISCELLANY.    1724. 
HAZLITT'S  SELECT  POETS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN.    1825. 
THE  LADY'S  POETICAL  MAGAZINE,  or  Beauties  of  British  Poets. 

4  Vols.    London,  1781. 

THE  HIVE,  containing  Vol.  I.    First  Edition.     1724. 
LONDON  MAGAZINE.     Vols.  after  the  year  1763. 

Wanted  by  Fred.  Dinsdalc,  Esq.,  Leamington. 


EVANS'S  OLD  BALLADS.    Vol.  I.    1810. 

Any  of  the  Sermons,  Tracts,  &c.,  by  the  late  Rev.  A.  G.  Jewitt. 
HISTORY  OF  LINCOLN,  by  A.  Jewitt. 

HOWITT'S  GIPSY  KING,  and  other  Poems.     Either  one  or  two 
copies. 

Wanted  by  R.  Keene,  Bookseller,  Irongate,  Derby. 


HENRY'S  (Philip)  LIFE,  by  Sir  J.  B.  Williams.    Royal  8vo. 
Wanted  by  T.  Barcham,  Bookseller,  Reading. 

FRESKNHTS'  QUANTITATIVE  ANALYSIS.    Last  Edition. 
Wanted  by  Smith,  Elder,  Sf  Co.,  65.  Cornhiil. 

Two   Volumes   of   PLATES  TO  GLOSSARY  OF   ARCHITECTURE. 
Parker,  Oxford.    1850. 

Wanted  by  Ed.  Appleton,  Torquay. 


In  consequence  of  the  great  length  of  MR.  WINTHROP'S  valuable 
communication,  and  of  the  number  of  articles  waiting  for  inser- 
tion, we  have  this  week  the  pleasure  of  presenting  our  readers 
with  an  extra  eight  pages. 

We  are  compelled  to  postpone  until  next  week  Replies  to  several 
Correspondents  and  Notices  of  several  books. 

AN  OLD  F.A.S..  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.  We  have  not  yet  been 
favoured  with  a  reply  to  our  request  for  the  name  of  this  Corre- 
spondent, who  states  that  "  he  selected  the  Eyre  drawings  from  a 
large  mass  of  papers'"  in  1847,  and  "  is  satisfied  they  are  authentic 
drawings."  We  therefore  repeal  our  request. 

MATIIEW,  A  COKNISH  FAMILY  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  22.) — Excuse  my 
troubling  you  again  about  real  names,  but  it  is  extraordinary- 
how  shy  some  men  seem  to  be  of  their  cognomen  and  habitat. 
In  a  late  Number,  p.  222.,  B.  of  Birkenliead  asks  about  the 
family  of  Mathew.  A  great-great-gramlmother  of  mine  was  of 
that  Devon  family,  and  I  should  be  delighted  to  learn  more  than, 
1  know  of  her,  and  perhaps  B.  of  Birkenhead  might  instruct  me. 
Do  try  to  draw  him  from  his  cover.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George,  Topsham,  Devon. 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  230. 


ZETA.  For  notices  of  Mother  Shipton,  see  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v., 
p.  419. 

C.  W.  B.  7s  our  Correspondent  quite  certain  (here  was  a 
naval  engagement,  as  the  words  of  the  pedigree  simply  state  that 
he  was  on  board  when  he  died,  in  command  of  a  body  of  Marines  ? 

J.  D .  The  wedge-shaped  baths  of  glass,  originally  recommended 
by  MR.  ARCHER,  are  certainly  the  best.  They  are  economical  in 
use  and  very  cleanly.  They  >»ay,  no  doubt,  be  procured  from  MK. 
ARCHER.  The  one  we  have  in  use  we  got  at  Hockin'  s.  There  is 
little  doubt  that  if,  when  properly  constructed,  they  were  *old  at 
a  reasonable  price,  they  would  entirely  supersede  baths  of  gutta 
percha. 

B.  P.  (Warrington).  We  have  often  answered  the  question 
before.  Precipitate  the  silver  in  the  form  of  a  chloride  by  means 
of  common  salt ;  put  this  into  a  crucible  with  twice  or  thrice  the 
quantity  of  common  carbonate  of  soda.  The  crucible  being  ex- 
posed to  a  strong  heat,  the  metallic  silver  will  form,  in  a  button  at 
the  bottom  of  the  crucible.  2.  Use  a  bath  of  thirty  grains  of 
nitrate  of  silver  to  the  ounce,  and  drop  into  it  a  few  drops  of  nitric 
acid,  sufficient  to  turn  litmus  paper  red.  5.  A  glass  bath  is  far 
preferable  to  gutta  percha. 


E.W.  (A  Beginner).  1.  In  all  printing  of  positives  it  is  needful 
to  salt  the  paper  ;  when  albumenized  paper  is  used,  it  is  combined 
with  the  albumen.  2.  We  have  for  many  reasons  entirely  dis- 
carded the  ammonia-nitrate  of  silver.  We  have  seen  very  few 
positives  produced  by  it  which  are  permanent.  3.  Sel  d'or  causes 
a  sort  of  plum  colour,  which  is  much  admired  by  some  ;  intensity 
of  light  alme  will  not  produce  certain  tints.  We  have  met  with 
uniform  success  by  trusting  to  the  formula  given  in  "N.  &  Q." 
by  DR.  DIAMOND  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  324.),  and  its  ease  in  manipula- 
tion has  alone  much  to  recommend  it.  4.  Proofs  should  be  left 
in  the.  hypo,  until  they  are  quite,  clear  and  transparent  when  held 
up  to  the  light,  looking  like  a  piece  of  Chinese  rice-paper.  They 
at  first  change  to  a  reddish-brown  upon  immersion,  but  if  suffi- 
ciently printed  that  soon  departs  nnd  becomes  a  very  rich  tint . 
the  thin  Canson's  paper  giving  the  best.  As  a  beginner  we  will 
forward  you  a  small  specimen  of  the  colour  obtained. 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
price  10*.  6d.,  cloth,  boards.  A  few  sets  of  the  whole  Eight  Vo- 
lumes are  being  made  up,  price  4 /.  4s For  these  early  application 

is  desirable. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


This  Day  is  published,  fcp.  8vo.,  2s.  6d.  cloth. 

/THE     GREAT     SACRIFICE ; 

or.   THE  GOSPEL    ACCORDING  TO 


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MING,  D.D. 

***  This  forms  the  First  COMPANION 
VOLUME  to  the  SABBATH  MORNING 
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HAMILTON  and  the  PIANO- 
FORTE.-Just  published,  the  Fifty- 
Second  Edition  of  this  extraordinarily  popular 
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the  PIANOFORTE,  newly  revised  andtrreatly 
enlarged  by  CARL  CZERNY  (pupil  of  Beet- 
hoven). Large  music  folio,  62  pages,  price 
only  4s. 

Also,  by  the  Same, 

HAMILTON'S         MODERN 

INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  SINGING.  Large 
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May .  he  ordered  of  all  music-sellers  and 
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London  :  ROBERT  COCKS  &  CO.,  New  Bur- 
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Queen. 

OIR  HENRY  BISHOP'S  NEW 

O  BALLADS.  Word*  by  J.  E.  CARPEN- 
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Still,"  "  He  deems  that  I  can  love  again," 
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•\TOTES  ON  AQUATIC  Mi- 
ll CROSOOPIC  SUBJECTS  OF  NA- 
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croscopic Cabinet."  By  ANDREW  PRIT- 
CHARD,  M.R.I. 

Also-,  in  8vo.,  pp.  720,  plates  24,  price  21s.,  or 
coloured,  36s., 

A    HISTORY    OF    INFUSO- 

HIAL  ANIMALCULES,  Living  and  Fossil, 
containing  Descriptions  of  every  species.  British 
and  Foreisn,  the  methods  or  procuring  and 
riewinz  them,  &c.,  illustrated  by  numerous 
Engravings.  By  ANDREW  PRITCHARD, 
AC. R.I. 

"  There  is  no  work  extant  in  which  so  much 
Taluable  information  concerning  Infusoria 
(Animalcules)  can  be  found,  and  every  Micro- 
scopist  should  add  it  to  his  library."  —  Silli- 
ma?i's  Journal. 
London  :  WHITTAKER  &  CO,  Ave  Maria 


OLIVER 


CROMWELL.  —  A 

,  Fac-simile  of  a  Newspaper,  published 
during  the  Commonwealth,  announcing  the 
Death  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  reviewing  his 
Public  and  Private  Life.  Price  6d.,  or  Free  (by 
Post)  on  Receipt  of  Six  Stamps. 

KING    CHARLES.  — A   Fac- 

simile  of  a  very  Curious,  Interesting,  and 
Droll  Newspaper  of  Kine:  Charles's  Reign, 
with  a  Sheet  of  Extraordinary  Gleanings  from 
numerous  Ancient  Newspapers.  Price  6d.,  or 
Free  (by  Post)  on  Receipt  of  Six  Stamps. 

J.  H.  FENNELL,  1.  Warwick  Court, 
Holborn,  London. 


CLASSICAL     MUSICAL    LI- 

\  ;  BRARY Subscribers  are  liberally  sup- 
plied, on  loan,  with  every  description  of  New 
Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music,  and  have  also 
at  their  disposal  upwards  of  3.000  volumes, 
including  the  Standard  Operas,  Italian,  Ger- 
man, French,  and  English  Songs,  and  all 
kinds  of  Instrumental  Music.  During  the 
Term  of  Subscription,  each  Subscriber  has  the 
privilege  of  selecting  —  for  his  own  property  — 
from  100,000  different  pieces,  3  Guineas'  worth 
of  Music.  Prospectuses  forwarded  Free  on 
application. 

JULLIEN  &  CO.,  214.  Regent  Street. 


TO  TOPOGRAPHICAL  AND  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN PRINT  COLLECTORS. 

THAR  WOOD  begs  to  inform 
•     the  above,  that  he  has  a  large  Collection 
of  Prints,   ToposraphicaL    and    Biographical 
Cuttings,  Portraits,  Arms,  and  Pedigrees,  to 
Illustrate  any  County  in  England  and  Wales. 
Lists  are  now  ready,  and  can  be  had  Gratis,  for 
the  Counties  of  Cumberland,  Gloucester,  and 
North  and  South  Wales,  by  addressing  to 
30.  MANSFIELD  STREET,   KINGSLAND 
ROAD,  LONDON. 


"DENNETT'S       MODEL 

D  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  sruineas  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2l.,3L,  and  il.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


CERTIFICATES   IN   DRAW- 

\J  ING  are  granted  to  SCHOOLMASTERS 
and  SCHOOLMISTRESSES,  by  the  DE- 
PARTMENT OF  SCIENCE  AND  ART, 
which  will  enable  the  holders  of  them  to  ob- 
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CLASSES  for  the  INSTRUCTION  of 
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Geometry,  Perspective  and  Model  Drawing, 
are  formed  in  the  Metropolis  in  the  following 
places  : 

1.  MARLBOROUGH  HOUSE,  Pall  Mall.- 
Meeting  on  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday 
and  Friday  Evenings,  from  7  to  9  ;  and  Satur- 
days, from  1  to  3. 

2.  SPITALFIELDS,  Crispin  Street.  -Meet- 
ing on  Wednesday  and  Friday  Evenings,  from 
7  to  9. 

3.  GORE   HOUSE,  Kensington.  —  Meeting 
on  Monday  and  Thursday  Evenings,  from  7 
to  9. 

FEE  for  the  Session  of  Five  Months,  from 
March  to  August,  5s. 

For  information,  and  Specimens  of  the  Ex- 
amination Papers,  apply  to  the  Secretaries  of 
the  Department  of  Science  and  Art,  Marl- 
borough  House,  Pall  Mall,  London. 


Entire  Stock  of  the  Publications  of  the 
Shaksncare  Society  ;  County  Histories,  and 
other  Important  Works. 

PUTTICK  AND  SIMPSON, 
Auctioneers  of  Literary  Property,  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Boom, 
191.  Piccadilly,  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  29, 
and  two  following  days,  the  ENTIRE  RE- 
MAINING STOCK  of  PUBLICATIONS  of 
the  SHAKSPEARE  SOCIETY,  consisting  of 
complete  sets,  and  the  separate  Volumes  ar- 
ranged in  series  and  otherwise  ;  also,Ormerod's 
Cheshire,  3  vols.  large  paper,  subscription  copy. 
uncut ;  Hutchins's  Dorsetshire,  4  vols.  calf, 
gilt ;  Gough's  Sepulchral  Monuments,  3  vols. 
in  5,  superb  copy,  russia  extra ;  Whitaker's 
Leeds  and  Richmonrtshire,  4  vols.  large  paper; 
Nichols'sBibliothecaBritannicaTopographicft. 
8  vols.  fine  copy,  uncut,  very  rare  ;  Nichols's 
Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genealoirica,  8 
vols.  ;' Nichols's  Leicestershire.  7  vols.  uncut ; 
Manning  and  Bray's  Surrey, 3  vols.  ;  J.  M.  W. 
Turner's  Yorkshire  Views,  proofs,  eight  copies, 
half-bound  ;  Stothard's  Monumental  Effigies. 

2  vols.  largest  paper,  the  arms  finely  painted 
by  Dowse  :  Dibdin's  Spencer  Catalogue,  7  vols. 
complete,  large  paper  :  Clarendon's  Rebellion, 

3  vols.  large  paper,  splendidly  illustrated  with 
rare  Engravings  (from  the  Stowe  Library) : 
Rogers's  Imitations  of  Drawings,  2  vo's.  half 
russia  ;  Gentleman's  Magazine,  complete   to 
1850,  and  several  sets  from  1808  to  1851  :  a  few 
Remainders  of  interesting  Works,  including 
the  privately  printed  Catalogue  of  5  vols.  of 
valuable  Manuscripts,  late  in  the  Collection  of 
Dawson  Turner,  Esq.  ;  Haweis's  Sketches  of 
the  Reformation,  &c. 

Catalogues  will  be  sent  on  application  ;  if  in 
the  Country,  on  receipt  of  four  stamps. 


MAR.  25.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

XHE  EXHIBITION  OF  PPIO- 
TOORAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 
ih    and    Continental     Artists,    is    OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 
£  s.  d. 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -  1  1  0 
Additional  Copies  (each)  -  -050 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)      -  -  -  -    3    3    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -  -  -  -550 

Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour,  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 

168.  New  Bond  Street. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  CAMERAS. 

JL  —  OTTEWILL  &  MORGAN'S  Manu- 
factory, 24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace,  Caledonian 
Road.  Islington.  OTTE  WILL'S  Registered 
Double  Body  Folding  Camera,  adapted  for 
Landscapes  or  Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A. 
ROSS,  Featherstone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the 
Photographic  Institution,  Bond  Street  :  and 
at  the  Manufactory  as  above,  where  every  de- 
scription of  Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may 
be  had.  The  Trade  supplied. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  H.ORNE 

.  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


flOLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albuniotiized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 

QuirenaUamed  Djr  aUy  °ther  method'  ^  l*r 
Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 
Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phies! Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


nHUEB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

J  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  -  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
pU-te  lists,  with  prises,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 

CIIUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.-Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
AVolverhampton. 


A  RUNDEL    SOCIETY.  —  The 

J3L  Publication  of  the  Fourth  Year  (1352-3), 
consisting  of  Eight  Wood  Engravings  by 
MESSRS.  DALZIEL,  from  Mr.  W.  Oliver 
Williams'  Drawings  after  GIOTTO'S  Frescos 
at  PADUA,  is  now  ready  :  and  Members  who 
have  not  paid  their  Subscriptions  are  requested 
to  forward  them  to  the  Treasurer  by  Post- 
Office  Order,  payable  at  the  Charing  Cross 

°ffiCe'  JOHN  J.  ROGERS, 

Treasurer  and  Hon.  Sec. 
13.  &  14.  Pall  Mall  East. 
March,  1854. 


SURPLICES. 

p  ILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  Bolton, 

\3T  Lancashire,  has  prepared  his  usual  large 
Supply  of  SURPLICES,  in  Anticipation  of 
EASTER. 

PARCELS  delivered  FREE  at  Railway 
Stations. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhort,  Esq. 


T.Grissell.Esq. 
J.  Hunt,  Esq. 
J.  A.Lethbridge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 


J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 

W.Whateley,Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 
T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician,  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100Z..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  — 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

I  JnL  ALE.  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
I  are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
1  Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
1  18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments  : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 

LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 

MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 

PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

JT  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D,  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  — "We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse', 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Lefner,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &e. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


Alf- 
22  - 
27- 


Age 


£  s.  d.  I 

-  1  14    4  | 

-  1  18    81     37  - 

-  2    4    5  |     42  - 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6d.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


A 

I\. 
and 


LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 

WH.     HART,     RECORD 
.     AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 
1.  ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS. 
HATCH  AM,  SURREY. 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  230. 


WEW 


IMPORTAKTT 

WORKS    FOR    THE    YOUNG, 

PUBLISHED   BY 

VARTY    AND    OWEN, 

EDUCATIONAL   DEPOSITORY,  31.  STRAND,  LONDON. 


PRECEPTIVE  ILLUSTRA- 
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New  Coloured  Prints  to  aid  Scriptural  In- 
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"A  valuable  help  in  home  education." 
*'  Admirably  adapted  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
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"  To  aid  parents  on  the  Sunday  they  are  in- 
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CHRONOLOGICAL  PIC- 
TURES OF  ENGLISH  HISTORY,  from  the 
Ancient  Britons  to  Queen  Victoria.  Designed 
and  Lithographed  by  JOHN  GILBERT.  In 
Eight  Parts.  Every  Part  contains  Five  Plates, 
with  Fac-similes  of  the  Autographs  of  the  So- 
vereigns and  most  distinguished  characters, 
accompanied  with  Tabular  Sheets  of  Letter- 
press, carefully  compiled.  Each  Plate  illus- 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 
TOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  231.] 


SATURDAY,  APF.IL  1.  1854. 


("Price  Fourpence. 
i  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

OTES  :  —  Page 

Kennington  Common,  by  the  Rev.  W. 

Sparrow  Simpson  -  -  -    295 

Life  and  Death        ...  -    296 

Battle  of  Trafalgar  and  Death  of  Nel- 
son 


Heraldic  Anomaly  - 

LOBE: —  Three    Maids-  Mother 


Russel's  Post  —  Shrove  Tuesday  Cus- 
tom   299 

Stornello      -  -  -  -  -.299 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —Perspective  —  "  That " 
—Corporation  Enactments  —  Jncobite 
Club -Dean  Novell's  first  Wife  — 
*'Oxoniana" — An  Epigram  falsely 
ascribed  to  George  Herbert— Ingulph: 
Bohnls  "Antiquarian  Library  "  -  300 

•QOKRIES:  — 

Quotations  wanted  ...    301 

Sir  Edmund  Plowden,  by  S.  F.  Streeter     301 
Ancient  Clock,  and  Odevaere's  History 
of  it,  by  Octavius  Morgan         -          -    302 

WINOR  QUERIES:  —  Spielberg,  when 
built '?-"  Ded.  Pavli  "  —  Mantelpiece: 
Mantelshelf:  Mantleboard :  Mantell 
«nd  Brace  —  Passage  in  Job  —  Pro- 
vincial Glossaries  _  Chadderton  of 
Nuthurst,  co.  Lancaster  —  A  marvel- 
lous Combat  of  Birds  — Battle  of  the 
Gnats— Sandford  of  Thorpe  Salvine, 
co.  York  — "Outlines  of  the  History 
of  Theology  "  _  "  Mawkin  "  _ "  Plain 
Dealer"— Hymn  attributed  to  Handel 
—Degrees  in  Arts— "Goloshes:"  "  Kut- 
chin-kutchu  "  _  Cornwalls  of  London 
_  Flasks  for  Wine-bottles  —  Frox- 
halmi,  Prolectricus,  Phytacus,  Tuleus, 
Ciindos,  Gracianus,  and  Tounu  or 
Tonnu  -  -  -  -  -  soz 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS:  — 
Postmaster  at  Merton  College — "  Lyra 
Apostolica  "  — East  Dereham  Manor 

—  QuaVers  executed  in  North  Ame- 
rica  —  Inscription  in  Fulham  Church 

—  Hero  of  the  "  Spanish  Lady's  Love" 

—  "  Bothy  "  —  "  Children    in    the 
Wood" 304 

EEt'r.ii-s  :  — 

Bvydone  the  Tourist,  by  John  Macrav       305 
"The    Red    Cow "_  Cromwell's   Car- 
riages, &c.  -  -  -  -    306 
Fox-hunting,  by  F.  M.  Middleton         -    307 
Weather  Rules,  by  10.  MacCulloch,  &c.      307 
Bingham  *  Antiquities      -  308 
Ancient  Tenure  of  Lands-           -           -    309 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :_Spots 
•  MI    CoUndion    Pictures,    &c.  -  The 
Double    Io,\;,i(.    s.,ii, ti,,u_  Mounting 
Photographs                     _                            3JO 

HEPI.IFS    TO    MINOR   QUERIES  «       Books 
-Medal  in  Honour  ofCheva- 
Dcan  SwiitVSuspen- 
'   Vanitatem     observare  "  — 
Bulhna  Castle,  Mayo- Dorset -Ju- 
dicial Rank  hereditary  — Tolling  the 
Bel    on  leaving  Church -Arehpriest 
Hi   the    Diocese  of  Exeter— Do"s  in 
Monumental   Brasses -The    Lalt  of 

:olo(ti_  Long  Names,  &c.       -    310 

MISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Noti-i  on  Books,  kc..      .  313 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  wanted        -    314 
JNotices  to  Correspondents       -  -    314 


VOL.  IX— No.  231. 


Just  published,  with  ten  coloured  Engravings, 
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OTES    ON    AQUATIC    MI- 

CROSCOPIC  SUBJECTS  OF  NA- 
'RAL  HISTORY,  selected  from  the  "  Mi- 
cr^scopic  Cabinet."  By  ANDREW  PRIT- 
CIIARD,  M.R.I. 

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UfQTICE. 
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J  J  A  New  and  Thoroughly  Revised  Edition 
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294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


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SURREY,      MINOR      CON- 

TEMPORANEOUS  POETS,  and  SACK- 
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On  the  First  of  May,  the  Third  and  Con- 
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WORKS. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  1,  1854. 


KENSINGTON    COMMON. 

Before  all  traces  be  lost  of  Kennington  Com- 
mon, so  soon  to  be  distinguished  by  the  eupho- 
nious epithet  of  Park,  let  me  put  a  Query  to  some 
of  your  antiquarian  readers  in  relation  thereunto  ; 
and  suffer  me  to  make  the  Query  a  peg,  whereon 
to  hang  sundry  and  divers  little  notes.  And  pray 
let  no  one  ridicule  the  idea  that  Kennington  has 
its  antiquities ;  albeit  that  wherever  you  look, 
new  buildings,  new  bricks  and  mortar,  plaster  and 
cement,  will  meet  your  eye;  yet,  does  not  the 
manor  figure  in  Domesday  Book  ?  Is  it  not  dig- 
nified by  the  stately  name  of  Chenintune  ?  Was 
it  not  held  by  Theodoric  of  King  Edward  the 
Confessor  ?  And  did  it  not,  in  times  gone  by, 
possess  a  royal  residence  ? 

Here,  at  a  Danish  marriage,  died  Hardi  Knute 
in  1041.  Here,  Harold,  son  of  Earl  Godwin,  who 
seized  the  crown  after  the  death  of  the  Confessor, 
is  said  to  have  placed  it  on  his  own  head.  Here, 
in  1231,  King  Henry  III.  held  his  court,  and 
passed  a  solemn  and  a  stately  Christmas.  And 
here,  says  Matthew  Paris,  was  held  a  Parliament 
in  the  succeeding  year.  Hither,  says  good  old 
Stow,  anno  1376,  came  the  Duke  of  Lancaster  to 
escape  the  fury  of  the  populace  of  London,  on 
Friday,  February  20,  the  day  following  that  on 
which  Wicliffe  had  been  brought  before  the 
bishops  at  St.  Paul's.  The  Duke  was  dining  "  with 
one  John  of  Ipres"  when  the  news  arrived,  borne 
by  a  breathless  messenger,  that  the  people  sought 
his  life.  When  the  Duke  "leapt  so  hastily  from 
his  oysters,  that  he  hurt  both  his  legges  against 
the  foarme  :  wine  was  offered  to  his  oysters,  but 
Lee  would  not  drinke  for  haste ;  he  fledde  with 
his  fellowe  Syr  Henry  Percy,  no  man  following 
them ;  and  entring  the  Thamis,  neuer  stinted 
rowing  vntill  they  came  to  a  house  neere  the 
manor  of  Kenington  (besides  Lambeth),  where  at 
that  time  the  Princesse  was,  with  the  young  Prince, 
before  whom  hee  made  his  complaint."  Doubt- 
less, Lambeth  Marsh  was  then  what  its  name  im- 
ports. Hither  also  came  a  deputation  of  the 
chiefest  citizens  to  Richard  II.,  June  21,  1377, 
"before  the  old  King  was  departed,"  " to  accept 
iim^  for  their  true  and  lawfull  King  and  Gouer- 
But  the  royal  residence  was  destroyed 

jfore  1607.  "  The  last  of  the  long  succession  of 
royal  tenants  who  inhabited  the  ancient  site," 
says  a  writer  in  the  Illustrated  London  News  not 
long  since  (I  have  the  cutting,  but  neglected  to 
te  the  date  of  the  paper),  "  was  Charles  I.,  when 
Prince  of  Wales  :  his  lodging,  a  house  built  upon 
a  part  of  the  site  of  the  old  palace,  is  the  only 
existing  vestige,  as  represented  in  the  accompany- 


ing engraving  (in  the  Illus.  Lond.  News),  unless 
earlier  remains  are  to  be  found  in  the  lower  parts 
of  the  interior."  But  I  believe  that  the  identity 
of  the  site  of  this  ancient  mansion  (which  is 
situated  on  the  western  side  of  Lower  Kennington 
Lane),  with  part  of  the  site  of  the  old  palace,  is 
not  quite  so  certain  as  the  writer  appears  to  in- 
timate. In  1720,  however,  the  manor  gave  the 
title  of  Earl  to  William  Augustus,  Duke  of  Cum- 
berland, second  son  to  George  II. 

Kennington  Common  acquired  an  unenviable 
notoriety  from  being  the  place  of  execution  for 
malefactors  tried  in  this  part  of  the  county. 
"  After  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  in  Scot- 
land in  1745,  many  of  the  insurgents  having  been 
convicted  of  treason  at  Southwark,  here  suffered 
the  sentence  of  the  law"  (Dugdale's  England  and 
Wales,  p.  1015.).  "Seventeen  officers  of  the  rebel 
army  were  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered"  on  this 
spot.  (Goldsmith's  History,  continued  by  Morell, 
4to.,  1807,  vol.  ii.  p.  165.) 

**  One  of  the  last  executions  which  took  place  on 
Kennington  Common  was  that  of  seven  men ;  three 
of  whom  belonged  to  a  notorious  gang  of  house- 
breakers, eighteen  in  number.  These  men  kept  shops, 
and  lived  in  credit :  of  the  three  who  were  executed, 
one  made  over  a  sum  of  20001.  to  a  friend,  previous  to 
his  trial.  They  confessed  that  the  profits  of  their 
practices,  for  the  five  years  past,  had  been  upwards  of 
15001.  a  year  to  each.  This  was  in  the  year  1765."  — 
From  a  cutting,  sent  me  by  a  friend,  from  the  Sun- 
day Times'  "Answers  to  Correspondents,"  March  13, 
1853. 

Here  too  occurred  the  Chartist  meeting,  on  the- 
memorable  10th  of  April,  1848. 

Now  comes  my  Query.  Was  there  ever  a  theatre 
on  Kennington  Common  ?  In  the  Biographia 
Dramatica  of  David  Erskine  Baker  (edit.  1782, 
vol.  ii.  p.  239.),  we  are  told,  that  the  "  satyrical 
comical  allegorical  farce,"  The  Mock  Preacher,  pub- 
lished in  8vo.  in  1739,  was  "Acted  to  a  crowded 
audience  at  Kennington  Common,  and  many  other 
theatres,  with  the  humours  of  the  mob."  Was  it 
acted  in  a  booth,  or  in  a  permanent  theatre? 
The  words,  "  many  other  theatres,"  almost  give 
one  the  impression  that  the  latter  is  indicated. 

Many  more  notes  might  be  added,  but  I  fear 
lest  this  paper  should  already  be  too  local  to  in- 
terest general  readers.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that 
Clayton  Street,  close  to  the  Common,  takes  its 
name  from  the  Clayton  family;  one  member 
of  which,  Sir  Robert  Clayton,  was  sometime 
Master  of  the  Drapers'  Company,  in  whose  Hall 
a  fine  portrait  of  him  is  preserved.  Bowling 
Green  Street  derives  its  name  from  a  bowling 
green  which  existed  not  very  many  years  since. 
And  White  Hart  Street  from  a  field,  which  was 
so  called  certainly  as  early  as  1785.  On  the  Com- 
mon was  "  a  bridge  called  Merton  Bridge,  which 
formerly  was  repaired  bv  the  Canons  of  Merton 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


Abbey,  who  had  lands  for  that  purpose."  (Lysons' 
Environs,  edit.  4to.,  1792,  vol.  i.  p.  327.) 

It  is  due  to  your  readers  to  state,  that  the 
authorities  for  the  statements  made  in  the  former 
part  of  this  paper  are  these  :  Lysons'  Environs,  ut 
supra,  vol.  i.  pp.  325.  327. ;  Manning  and  Bray's 
Surrey,  Lond.,  1809,  fol,  vol.  iii.  pp.  484—488.; 
Stow,  Annales,  edit.  4to.,  1601,  pp.  432,  433. :  and 
BiU.  Top.  Brit,  4to.,  1790,  vol.  ii.  "History  and 
Antiq.  of  Lambeth,"  p.  89. 

W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 

Kenningtoru 


LIFE    AND    DEATH. 

I  have  thrown  together  a  few  paralled  passages 
for  your  pages,  which  may  prove  acceptable. 
1.  "To  die  is  letter  than  to  live" 

"  I  praised  the  dead  which  are  already  dead  more 
than  the  living  which  are  yet  alive.  Yea,  better  is  he 
than  both  they,  which  hath  not  yet  been,  who  hath  not 
seen  the  evil  work  that  is  done  under  the  sun."  — 
Eccles.  iv.  2,  3. 

*'  Great  travail  is  created  for  every  man,  and  a 
heavy  yoke  upon  the  sons  of  Adam,  from,  the  day  that 
they  go  out  of  their  mothers  womb,  till  the  day  that 
they  return  to  the  mother  of  all  things" —  Ecclus.  xl.  1. : 
cf.  2  Esdr.  vii.  1  2,  1 3. 

"  Never  to  have  been  born,  the  wise  man  first 
Would  wish ;  and,  next,  as  soon  as  born  to  die." 
Anth.  Grcec.  (Posidippus). 

In  the  affecting  story  of  Cleobis  and  Biton,  as 
related  by  Herodotus,  we  read, — 

"  The  best  end  of  life  happened  to  them,  and  the 
Deity  showed  in  their  case  that  it  is  better  for  a  man  to 
die  than  to  live." 

"  Aie'5e£e  re  eV  TOUTOKTI  6  ©ebs  us  autivov  efy  avSpwircp 
TfOdvai  juaAAoj/  v)  £a>eu/." — Herod.,  KAEIH.  i.  32. 

"  As  for  all  other  living  creatures,  there  is  not  one 
but,  by  a  secret  instinct  of  nature,  knoweth  his  owne 

good  and  whereto  he  is  made  able Man  onely 

knoweth  nothing  unlesse  hee  be  taught.  He  can 
neither  speake  nor  goe,  nor  eat,  otherwise  than  he  is 
trained  to  it :  and,  to  be  short,  apt  and  good  at  nothing 
he  is  naturally,  but  to  pule  and  crie.  And  hereupon 
it  is  that  some  have  been  of  this  opinion,  that  better  it 
had  beent  and  simply  best,  for  a  man  never  to  have  been 
born,  or  else  speedily  to  die." — Pliny's  Nat.  Hist,  by 
Holland,  Intr.  to  b.  vii. 

"  Happy  the  mortal  man,  who  now  at  last 
Has  through  this  doleful  vale  of  misery  passed; 
"Who  to  his  destined  stage  has  carry'd  on 
The  tedious  load,  and  laid  his  burden  down ; 
Whom  the  cut  brass  or  wounded  marble  shows 

;    Victor  o'er  Life,  and  all  her  train  of  woes. 
He,  happier  yet,  who,  privileged  by  Fate 
To  shorter  labour  and  a  lighter  weight, 
Received  but  yesterday  the  gift  of  breath, 
Order'd  to-morrow  to  return  to  death. 


But  O  !  beyond  description,  happiest  he 

Who  ne'er  must  roll  on  life's  tumultuous  sea  ; 

Who  with  bless'd  freedom,  from  the  general  doom 

Exempt,  must  never  face  the  teeming  womb, 

Nor  see  the  sun,  nor  sink  into  the  tomb  ! 

Who  breathes  must  suffer  ;   and  who  thinks  must 

mourn ; 
And  he  alone  is  blessed  who  ne'er  was  lorn." 

Prior's  Solomon,  b.  iii. 

The  proverbs,  "  God  takes  those  soonest  whom 
He  loveth  best,"  and,  "  Whom  the  gods  love  die 
young,"  have  been  already  illustrated  in  "N.  & 
Q."  (Vol.  iii.,  pp.  302. 377.).  "I  have  learned  from 
religion,  that  an  early  death  has  often  been  the 
reward  of  piety,"  said  the  Emperor  Julian  on  his 
death-bed.  (See  Gibbon,  ch.  xxiv.) 

2.  "  Judge  none  blessed  before  his  death."  * 

"  Ante  mortem  nelaudes  hominem,"  saith  the  son  of 
Sirach,  xi.  28. 

Of  this  sentiment  St.  Chrysostom  expresses  his  ad- 
miration, Horn.  li.  in.  S.  Eustath. ;  and  heathen 
writers  afford  very  close  parallels  : 

"  Uplv  5'   &V  T€\fVrfl(TT]  67T(Cr%e6iV  )W7j5e    Ka\f€lV    KO)    oA- 

€iov  ecAA.'  curi^e'cc,"  says  Solon  to  Croesus  (Herod., 
KAEin.  i.  32.)  :  cf.  Aristot.,  Eth.  Nic.  ch.  x.,  for  a  com- 
ment on  this  passage. 

Sophocles,  in  the  last  few  lines  of  the  OSdipus 
Tyrannus,  thus  draws  the  moral  of  his  fearful 
tragedy : 

""Ho-re  Sv77rbv  OJ/T',  e/cetVTjv  TIJV  reXfvratav  t5etit> 
'Hfjiepav  fTTHTKOTrovvTa,  /UTjSeV  o\€i^€iv,  irplv  av 
Tepua  rov  jSiou  irspaarj,  /UTjSev  n\yftvbv  TraQwv." 

Elmsley,  on  this  passage,  gives  the  following  re- 
ferences :  Trach.  I.  Soph.  Tereo,  fr.  10. ;  ibid. 
Tyndar.  fr.  1.;  Agam.,  937.;  Androm.,  100.; 
Troad.,  509. ;  Heracl.,  865. ;  Dionys.  ap.  Stob., 
ciii.  p.  560. ;  Gesn.,  cv.  p.  431. ;  Grot.  To  which 
I  may  add  the  oft-quoted  lines, — 

"  Ultima  semper 

Expectanda  dies,  homini  dicique  beatus 
Ante  olitum  nemo  supremaque  funera  debet." 

In  farther  illustration  of  this  passage  from  Ec- 
clus.,  let  us  consider  the  Death  of  the  Righteous. 

"  Let  me  die  the  death  of  the  righteous,  and  let 
my  last  end  be  like  his,"  exclaims  the  truth-com- 
pelled and  reluctant  prophet,  Numb,  xxiii-  10. 

The  royal  Psalmist,  after  reflecting  ^n  the  pros- 
perity of  the  wicked  in  this  world,  adds  : 
"  Then  thought  I  to  understand  this, 
But  it  was  too  hard  for  me, 
Until  I  went  into  the  sanctuary  of  God  : 
Then  understood  I  the  end  of  these  men." 

Ps.  Ixxiii. 
And  again  : 

"  I  have  seen  the  wicked  in  great  power, 
And  spreading  himself  like  a  green  bay-tree; 

. . • 

*  Cf.  Sir  Thos.  Browne's  Christian  Morals,  sect.  ix. 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


Yet  he  passed  a\vay,  and,  lo,  he  was  not ; 
Yea,  I  sought  him,  but  he  could  not  be  found. 

Mark  the  perfect  man, 
And  behold  the  upright, 
For  the  end  of  that  man  is  peace." 
Ps.  xxxvii.  35-37.:  cf.  the  Prayer-Book  version. 

The  prophet  Isaiah  declares : 

"  The  righteous  man  is  taken  away  because  of  the  evil; 
He  shall  go  in  peace,  he  shall  rest  in  his  bed  ; 
Even  the  perfect  man,  he  that  walketh  in  the  straight 
path." —  Ch.  Ivii.,  J3p.  Lowth's  Trans. 

"  Sure  the  last  end 

Of  the  good  man  is  peace  !     How  calm  his  exit ! 
Night-dews  fall  not  more  gently  to  the  ground, 
Nor  weary  worn-out  wind.s  expire  so  soft. 
Behold  him  !  in  the  evening  tide  of  life, 
A  life  well  spent,  whose  early  care  it  was 
His  riper  years  should  not  upbraid  his  green : 
By  unperceived  degrees  he  wears  away  ; 
Yet,  like  the  sun,  seems  larger  at  his  setting ! 
High  in  his  faith  and  hopes,  look  how  he  reaches 
After  the  prize  in  view !  and,  like  a  bird 
That's  hamper'd,  struggles  hard  to  get  away  ! 
Whilst  the  glad  gates  of  sight  are  wide  expanded 
To  let  new  glories  in,  the  first  fair  fruits 
Of  the  fast-coming  harvest." — Blair's  Grave. 

t(  How  blest  the  righteous  when  he  dies  ! 

When  sinks  the  weary  soul  to  rest ! 
How  mildly  beam  the  closing  eyes  ! 

How  gently  heaves  the  expiring  breast! 

"  So  fades  the  summer  cloud  away  ; 

So  sinks  the  gale  when  storms  are  o'er; 
So  gently  shuts  the  eye  of  day  ; 
So  dies  a  wave  upon  the  shore. 

*'  Life's  duty  done,  as  sinks  the  clay, 

Light  from  its  load  the  spirit  flies  ; 
While  heaven  and  earth  combine  to  say, 
*  How  blest  the  righteous  when  he  dies  !' " 

Mrs.  Barlauld. 
*'  An  eve 

Beautiful  as  the  good  man's  quiet  end, 
When  all  of  earthly  now  is  passed  away, 
And  heaven  is  in  his  face." —  Love's  Trial. 

"He  sets 

As  sets  the  Morning  Star,  which  goes  not  down 
Behind  the  darken'd  West,  nor  hides  obscured 
Among  the  tempests  of  the  sky,  but  melts  away 
Into  the  light  of  heaven." 

"  As  sweetly  as  a  child, 

Whom  neither  thought  disturbs  nor  care  encumbers, 
Tired  with  long  play,  at  close  of  summer's  day 
Lies  down  and  slumbers." 

A  holy  life  is  the  only  preparation  to  a  happy 
leath,  says  Bishop  Taylor.  And  we  have  seen 
how  much  importance  even  heathen  minds  at- 
tached to  peace  at  the  last.  Truly,  as  Kettlewell 
said  while  expiring,  "There  is  no  life  like  a 
happy  death." 

"Consider,"  says  that  excellent  writer,  Norris  of 
Bemertoa,  -'that  this  life  is  wholly  in  order  to  another, 


and  that  time  is  that  sole  opportunity  that  God  has 
given  us  for  transacting  the  great  business  of  eternity  : 
that  our  work  is  great,  and  our  day  of  working  short ; 
much  of  which  also  is  lost  and  rendered  useless  through 
the  cloudiness  and  darkness  of  the  morning,  and  the 
thick  vapours  and  unwholesome  fogs  of  the  evening ; 
the  ignorance  and  inadvertency  of  youth,  and  the  dis- 
ease and  infirmities  of  old  age :  that  our  portion  of 
time  is  not  only  short  as  to  its  duration,  but  also  un- 
certain in  the  possession  :  that  the  loss  of  it  is  irrepar- 
able to  the  loser,  and  profitable  to  nobody  else  :  that  it 
shall  be  severely  accounted  for  at  the  great  judgment, 
and  lamented  in  a  sad  eternity."  —  "Of  the  Care  and 
Improvement  of  Time,"  Miscel,  6th  edit.,  p.  1J8. 

ElRIONNACH. 


BATTLE  OF  TRATALGAR  AND  DEATH  Or  NELSON. 

The  following  unpublished  letter,  as  a  historical 
document,  is  worth  preserving  in  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  It  relates  to  the  important  national 
events  of  the  battle  of  Trafalgar  and  death  of 
Nelson.  The  writer  was,  at  the  time,  a  signal 
midshipman  in  the  service,  and  only  about  thir- 
teen years  of  age.  He  was  a  native  of  Glasgow, 
and  died  many  years  since,  much  respected. 

H.M.S.  Defence, 
At  anchor  off  Cadiz,  28  Oct.  1805. 
My  dear  Betty  [the  writer's  sister], 
I  have  now  the  pleasure  of  writing  you,  after  a 
noble  victory  over  the  French  and  Spanish  fleets, 
on  the  21st  October,  off  Cape  Spartel.  We  have 
taken,  burnt  and  sunk,  gone  on  shore,  &c.,  twenty- 
one  sail  of  the  line.  The  names  I  will  let  [you] 
know  after.  On  the  19[th]  our  frigates  made  the 
signal ;  the  Combined  Fleets  were  coining  out;  so 
as  we  were  stationed  between  the  frigate  and  our 
fleet,  we  repeated  ditto  to  Lord  Nelson.  It  being 
calm  we  could  not  make  much  way,  but  in  the 
course  of  the  night  we  got  a  strong  breeze,  and 
next  morning  our  frigate  made  the  signal  for 
them,  being  all  at  sea.  So  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
20[th]  we  saw  them  to  leeward  ;  but  it  was  blow- 
ing fresh  and  very  hazy,  so  Lord  Nelson  made 
our  signal  for  a  captain ;  so  our  captain  went  on 
board,  and  Lord  Nelson  told  Captain  Hope  he 
expected  he  would  keep  sight  of  them  all  night. 
So  on  the  morning  of  the  21st  we  observed  them 
to  leeward  about  two  miles,  so  we  made  the  signal 
to  Lord  Nelson  how  many  the  bearings,  and 
everything  ;  so  brave  Nelson  bore  down  imme- 
diately ;  and  at  twelve  o'clock  Lord  Nelson  broke 
the  south'1  line,  and  brave  Admiral  Collin[g]wood 
the  north  ;  and  at  two  o'clock  we  were  all  in 
action.  We  were  the  last  station' d  ship  ;  so  when 
we  went  down  we  had  two  Frenchmen  and  one 
Spaniard  on  us  at  one  time.  We  engag'd  them 
forty-six  minutes,  when  the  "  Achille"  and  "Poly- 
phemus "  came  up  to  our  assistance.  The  Spaniard 
ran  away  ;  we  gave  him  chase,  and  fought  him 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  231. 


one  hour  and  forty-six  minutes,  when  he  struck, 
and  we  boarded  him,  and  have  him  safe  at  anchor, 
as  we  have  not  had  a  good  wind.  I  am  sorry  to 
say  poor  Lord  Nelson  was  wounded  the  second 
broadside.  He  went  down  and  got  his  wounds 
dress'd,  and  he  was  wound'd  a  second  time,  and 
he  just  lived  to  hear  of  the  victory.  The  ship  we 
took,  her  name  is  the  "  San  Ildifonzo,"  eighty-two 
guns,  and  a  very  fine  ship,  new.  I  don't  think  we 
will  save  more  than  twelve  sail  of  them :  but  we 
have  sunk,  burnt,  drove  on  shore,  twenty-one  sail 
of  the  line  in  all ;  and  if  we  had  not  had  a  gale  of 
wind  next  day  we  would  have  taken  every  one  of 
them.  We  were  riding  close  in  shore  with  two 
anchors  a-head,  three  cables  on  each  bower,  and 
all  our  sails  were  shot  to  pieces,  ditto  our  rudder 
and  stern,  and  mainmast,  and  everything;  but, 
thank  good,  I  am  here  safe,  though  there  was  more 
shot  at  my  quarters  than  any  other  part  of  the 
ship.  We  are  now  at  anchor,  but  expect  to  go  to 
Gibraltar  every  day.  I  hope  in  good  you  are  all 
in  health  :  I  was  never  better  in  all  my  life.  My 

compts  to  all  friends  [&c ]  and  my  dear 

father  and  mother. 

I  am 
Your  affectionate  brother, 

(Signed)     CHARLES  REID. 

You  must  excuse  this  letter,  as  half  our  hands 
are  on  board  our  prize,  and  have  had  no  time.  I 
have  been  two  days  writing  this ;  five  minutes  one 
time  and  ten  minutes  another  time,  and  so  on. 
We  are  just  getting  under  way  for  Gibraltar. 

Now  for  the  French  and  Spanish  ships  taken, 
burnt,  run  on  shore,  &c.  &c. : 

Bucentaure,  80,  taken.     French. 

Santiss'  Trinidada,  130,  sunk.     Spanish. 

Santa,  taken,  but  afterwards  got  into  Cadiz. 

Kayo,  110,  sunk.     French. 

Bahama,  74,  taken.     French. 

Argonauta,  80,  sunk  and  burnt. 

Neptuna,  90,  on  shore. 

San  Ildifonzo,  80,  taken  by  the  Defence. 

Algazeras,  74,  on  shore;  Swiftsure,  74,  Gib.; 
Berwick,  74,  Gib.  All  English  ships  taken  by  the 
French  last  war. 

Intrepid,  74,  burnt. 

Aigle,  80,  on  shore. 

Tonguer,  80,  on  shore  [MS.  uncertain]. 

De  .  .  .  .  ,  74,  Gibraltar  [ditto]. 

Argonauta,  74,  Gib, 

Redoubtable,  74,  sunk. 

Achell,  74,  burnt. 

Manareo,  74,  on  shore. 

San  Augustino,  74,  Gibraltar. 

There  is  not  one  English  ship  lost,  but  a  num- 
ber lost  their  masts.  (Signed)  C.  R. 

The  writer  had  a  brother,  Andrew  Reid,  who 
bore  a  commission  in  the  ships  of  Captain  Parry 
in  the  first  Arctic  expedition.  G.  N. 


HERALDIC    ANOMALY. 

I  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  the  heraldic 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  to  a  singular  custom  of  dis- 
playing their  coats  of  arms,  peculiar  to  the  Knights 
of  St.  John,  of  the  venerable  Language  of  England. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  members  of  this  valiant 
brotherhood,  throughout  Europe,  bear  their  pa- 
ternal shield  alone,  surmounted,  as  the  badge  of 
their  profession,  with  the  particular  device  of  the 
order,  that  is,  On  a  chief,  gules,  a  cross  argent. 
The  English  knights,  with  their  paternal  coat,  bore 
also,  party-per-pale,  that  of  their  mothers,  with 
the  chief  of  the  order  over  both,  a  strange  he- 
raldic anomaly ! 

I  have  somewhere  read,  but  where,  for  lack  of 
a  "  note,"  I  cannot  recollect,  that  in  making  their 
proofs  of  nobility  previous  to  their  admission  into 
the  order,  unlike  the  other  Languages,  the  cavaliers 
of  England  gave  in  only  the  names  of  their  father 
and  mother,  but  at  the  same  time  it  was  requisite 
that  these  two  names  should  be  able  to  prove  a 
nobility  of  two  hundred  years  each. 

Perhaps  the  custom  of  bearing  the  paternal 
shield  impaled  with  the  maternal  sprung  from 
these  proofs. 

In  the  British  Museum,  Harl.  MSS.  1386.,  may 
be  seen  three  examples  of  this  custom,  in  a  paper 
entitled,  A  Note  of  certain  Knights  of  Rhodes,  "  in 
prioratu  Sancti  Johannis  Jerusalem." 

1.  Sir  Thomas  Docwra,  Grand  Prior  of  Eng- 
land, A.D.  1504,  a  knight  not  more  renowned  as  a 
valiant  man-at-arms,  "  preux  et  hardi,"  than  as 
a  skilful  diplomatist;  and  who,  on  the  death  of 
Fabrioio  Caretto,  A.D.  1520-1,  was  thought  worthy 
to  be  put  in  competition  for  the  Grand  Master- 
ship with  the  celebrated  Villiers  de  L'Isle  Adam, 
and,  as  Vertot  tells  us,  only  lost  that  dignity  by  a 
very  trifling  majority.    His  paternal  coat  —  Sable, 
a  cheveron  engrailed  argent,  between  three  plates, 
on  each  a  pale,  gules  —  is  impaled  with  that  of  his 
mother,    Alice,    daughter   of  Thomas    Green,    of 
Gressingham,  in  Yorkshire  ;  Argent,  a  bugle-horn 
sable,  stringed  gules,  between  three  griffins'  heads, 
erased,  of  the  second ;  over  all,  the  chief  of  the 
order. 

2.  Sir  Lancelot  Docwra,  near  kinsman  to  Sir 
Thomas,  and  son  of  Robert  Docwra,  of  Docwra- 
Hall,  in  Cumberland.     His  arms  are  impaled  with 
—  Or,  a  cross  flory  sable  —  the  coat  armour  of  bis 
mother,  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Lamplugh,  of 
Lamplugh,  in  the  same  county  ;  one  "  of  a  race," 
as  Denton  says,  "  of  valorous  gentlemen,  succes- 
sively for  their  worthiness  knighted  in  the  field, 
all,   or  most  part  of  them."     The  chief  of  the 
order  also  surmounts  his  shield. 

3.  The  third  is  the  shield  of  Sir  John  Randon  ; 
Gules,  a  bend   checquy  or  and   azure,  impaling 
Argent,  a  frette,  and  on  a  chief,  gules,  three  es- 
callops of  the  field;  over  all,  the  chief  of  the  order. 


1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


299 


,     Tf  any  readers  of  "  1ST.  &  Q."  could  furnish  me 
with  more  examples,  I  should  be  much  obliged. 

JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 
Malta. 


FOLK    LORE. 

Three  Maids.  —  There  is  a  spot  on  the  road 
from  Winchester  to  Andover  called  the  "  Three 
Maids."  They  are  I  believe  nameless.  Tradition 
says  that  they  poisoned  their  father,  and  were  for 
that  crime  buried  alive  up  to  their  necks.  Travel- 
lers passing  by  were  ordered  not  to  feed  them; 
but  one  compassionate  horseman  as  he  rode  along 
threw  the  core  of  an  apple  to  one,  on  which  she 
subsisted  for  three  days.  Wonderful  is  it  to  state 
that  three  groups  of  firs  sprung  up  miraculously 
from  the  graves  of  the  three  maids.  Thus  their 
memories  have  been  perpetuated.  The  peasantry 
of  Winchester  and  its  neighbourhood  for  the  most 
part  accredit  the  story,  and  I  see  no  reason  for 
disbelieving  the  first  part  of  it  myself.  Does  any 
one  know  of  a  like  punishment  being  awarded  in 
olden  times,  when  the  tender  mercies  of  the  law- 
were  cruel  and  arbitrary  ? 

Mother  RusseVs  Post.  —  Whilst  I  am  on  the  sub- 
ject of  folk  lore  I  may  as  well  add,  that  on  the 
•road  to  Kings  Sombourn,  of  educational  renown, 
there  is  a  spot  where  four  roads  meet.  Report 
*ays  that  a  certain  Mother  Russel,  who  committed 
suicide,  was  buried  there.  A  little  girl  in  this 
village  was  afraid  to  pass  the  spot  at  night  on 
Account  of  the  ghosts,  which  are  supposed  to  haunt 
it  in  the  hours  of  darkness.  The  rightful  name  of 
•the  place  is  "  Mother  Russel's  Post." 

EUSTACE  W.  JACOB. 

Crawley. 

Shrove  Tuesday  Custom  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  65.).  —  The 
Shrove  Tuesday  custom  mentioned  by  MR.  EL- 
IOTT  as  existing  at  Leicester,  and  an  account  of 
rhich  he  quotes  from  Hone's  Year-Booh,  has  been 
Wished  within  the  last  few  years.     There  is,  I 
jlieve,  still  a  curious    custom    on  that   day   at 
judlow,  the  origin   and  meaning  of  which  has 
irer,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  been  discovered  and 
tated. 

"  The  corporation,"  I  quote  from  a  history  of  the 
town,  "provide  a  rope,  three  inches  in  thickness,  and 
in  length  thirty-six  yards,  which  is  given  out  at  one  of 
the  windows  of  the  Market  House  as  the  clock  strikes 
four,  when  a  large  body  of  the  inhabitants,  divided 
.into  two  parties,  commence  an  arduous  struggle,  and 
as  soon  as  either  party  gains  the  victory  by  pulling  the 
rope  beyond  the  prescribed  limits,  the  pulling  .ceases, 


"  \\  ithout  doubt  this  singular  custom  is  symbolical 
of  some  remarkable  event,  and  a  remnant  of  that  an- 
cient language  of  visible  signs,  which,  says  a  celebrated 


writer,  *  imperfectly  supplies  the  want  of  letters  to 
perpetuate  the  remembrance  of  public  or  private 
transactions.'  The  sign  in  this  instance  has  survived 
the  remembrance  of  the  occurrence  it  was  designed  to 
represent,  and  remains  a  profound  mystery.  It  has 
been  insinuated  that  the  real  occasion  of  this  custom  is 
known  to  the  corporation,  but  that,  for  some  reason  or 
other,  they  are  tenacious  of  the  secret." 

The  local  historian  then  mentions  an  "obscure 
tradition,"  but  as  it  is  not  in  agreement  with  my 
own  opinion,  I  omit  it.  S.  P.  Q. 


STORNELLO. 

Verses,  the  rhymes  of  which  return  after  the 
fashion  of  those  printed  in  "  N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  vi., 
p.  603.,  and  Vol.  vii.,  p.  174.),  are  commonly  cur- 
rent among  the  peasants  of  Tuscany,  and  in 
many  instances  form  the  materials  of  their  popu- 
lar songs.  It  is  probable  that  this  description  of 
rhyme  originated  in  the  "  bel  paese  la  dove  '1  si 
suona."  They  usually  turn  on  a  combination  of 
three  words,  as  in  those  quoted  in  Vol.  vii.  of 
"  ~N.  &  Q."  And  the  name  stornello,  as  will  be 
readily  perceived,  is  derived  from  tornare,  to  re- 
turn. I  send  you  a  specimen  of  one  of  them, 
which  has  a  certain  degree  of  historical  interest 
attached  to  it,  from  its  connexion  with  the  move- 
ment of  1848.  It  was  difficult  to  walk  through 
the  streets  of  Florence  in  those  days  without  hear- 
ing it  carolled  forth  by  more  than  one  Florentine 
Tyrtasus.  Now,  I  need  hardly  say,  "we  never 
mention  it  —  its  name  is  never  heard."  The  pa- 
triot-flag was  a  tricolor  of  white,  red,  and  green, 
a  nosegay  of  which  colours  a  youth  has  brought  to 
his  mistress.  She  sings  as  follows  : 

"  E  gli  diro  che  il  verde,  il  rosso,  il  bianco 
Gli  stanno  ben  con  una  spada  al  fianco. 
E  gli  diro  che  il  bianco,  il  verde,  il- rosso, 
Vuol  dir  che  Italia  il  duro  giogo  ha  scosso. 
E  gli  diro  che  il  rosso,  il  bianco,  il  verde 
E  un  terno  che  si  giuoca  e  non  si  perde." 

Of  which  the  following  rough  version  may  serve 
to  give  a  sufficiently- accurate  idea  of  the  mean- 
ing, for  the  benefit  of  your  "country  gentlemen" 
readers : 
"  And   I'll  tell  him  the  green,  and  the  red,  and  the 

white 
Would   look   well  by  his  side  as  a  sword-knot  so 

bright. 
And  I'll  tell  him  the  white,  and  the  green,  and  the 

red 
Mean,  our  country  has  flung  the  vile  yoke  from  her 

head. 
And  I'll  tell  him  the  red,  and  the  white,  and  the 

green 
Is  the  prize  that  we  play  for,  a  prize  that  we'll  win." 

"  Un  terno   che   si    giuoca "   is   a   phrase  which 
refers  to  the  system  of  the  public  lotteries,  esta- 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


Wished  (so  much  to  their  shame)  by  the  Italian 
governments ;  and  a  page  of  explanation  of  that 
system  would  be  needful,  to  make  any  literal 
translation  of  it  intelligible  to  an  English  reader. 

In  conclusion  I  may  say,  in  reply  to  the  Query 
of  HENRY  H.  BBEEN,  that  the  Popes  alluded  to  in 
the  epigram  cited  by  him  as  above  referred  to 
(Vol.  vi.,  p.  603.),  seem  evidently  to  have  been 
Julius  II.  (Rovere),  Leo  X.  (Medici),  Cle- 
ment VII.  (Medici),  and  Paul  III.  (Farnese). 
And  the  epigram  in  question  says  no  more  than 
the  truth,  in  asserting  that  they  all  four  occasioned 
infinite  mischief  to  France.  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 


Perspective.  —  There  is  a  very  common  error  in 
drawing  walls,  the  plane  of  which  is  parallel  to  the 
plane  of  the  picture.  An  instance  of  it  occurs  in 
the  fagade  of  Sennacherib's  Palace,  Layard's  2nd 
book  on  Nineveh,  frontispiece.  All  the  horizontal 
lines  in  the  plane  of  the  picture  are  drawn  paral- 
lel. The  fact  is,  that  every  line  above  or  below 
the  line  of  the  horizon,  though  really  parallel  to  it, 
apparently  approaches  it,  as  it  is  produced  to  the 
right  or  left.  The  reason  is  obvious.  One  point 
in  the  wall,  viz.  that  on  which  you  let  fall  a  perpen- 
dicular from  your  eye,  is  nearest  to  your  eye.  The 
perpendicular  height  of  the  wall,  as  drawn  through 
this  point,  must  therefore  appear  greater  than  as 
drawn  through  any  other  point  more  to  the  right 
or  left.  The  lines  which  are  really  parallel  do 
therefore  apparently  converge  on  some  point  more 
or  less  distant,  according  to  the  distance  of  the 
wall  from  your  eye.  Every  drawing  in  which 
this  principle  is  not  considered  must,  I  think, 
appear  out  of  perspective.  G.  T.  HOARE. 

Tandridge. 

"  That" — I  lately  met  with  the  following  gram- 
matical puzzle  among  some  old  papers.  I  forget 
from  what  book  I  copied  it  many  years  ago. 
Perhaps  it  may  be  new  to  some  of  your  readers. 

"  I'll  prove  the  word  that  I  have  made  my  theme, 
Is  that  that  may  be  doubled  without  blame, 
And  that  that  that  thus  trebled  I  may  use, 
And  that  that  that  that  critics  may  abuse, 
May  be  correct.  —  Farther,  the  Dons  to  bother, 
Five  thats  may  closely  follow  one  another — 
For,  be  it  known  that  we  may  safely  write 
Or  say  that  that  that  that  that  man  writ  was  right  ; 
Nay,  e'en  that  that  that  that  that  that  has  followed 
Through  six  repeats,  the  grammar's  rule  has  hallowed, 
And  that  that  that  (that  that  that  that  began), 
Repeated  seven  times  is  right !     Deny't  who  can." 

McC. 

Corporation  Enactments. — In  the  town  books 
of  the  Corporation  of  Youghal,  co.  Cork,  among 


other  singular  enactments  of  that  body  are  two 
which  will  now  be  regarded  as  curiosities.  In  the 
years  1680  and  1703,  a  cook  and  a  barber  re- 
ceived their  freedom,  on  condition  that  they 
would  respectively  dress  the  mayor's  feasts,  and 
shave  the  Corporation,  gratis  !  ABHBA. 

Jacobite  Club.  —  The  adherents  of  the  Stuarts 
are  now  nearly  extinct ;  but  I  recollect  a  few 
years  ago  an  old  gentleman,  in  London,  who  was 
then  upwards  of  eighty  years  of  age,  and  who  was 
a  stanch  Jacobite.  I  have  heard  him  say  that, 
"when  he  was  a  young  man,  his  father  belonged  to 
a"  society  in  Aldersgate  Street,  called  the  'Mourning 
Bush  ;'  and  this  Bush  was  to  be  always  in  mourn- 
ing until  the  Stuarts  were  restored."  A  member 
of  this  Society  having  been  met  in  mourning 
when  one  of  the  reigning  family  had  died,  was 
asked  by  one  of  the  members  how  it  so  happened  ? 
His  reply  was,  that  he  was  "  not  mourning  for  the 
dead,  but  for  the  living."  The  old  gentleman 
was  father  of  the  Mercers'  Company,  and  his 
brother  of  the  Stationers'  Company:  they  were 
bachelors,  and  citizens  of  the  old  school,  hos- 
pitable, liberal,  and  charitable.  An  instance 
occurred,  that  the  latter  had  a  presentation  to 
Christ's  Hospital :  he  was  applied  to  on  behalf  of 
a  person  who  had  a  large  family ;  but  the  father 
not  being  a  freeman,  he  could  not  present  it  to 
the  son.  He  immediately  bought  the  freedom  for 
the  father,  and  gave  the  son  the  presentation  I 
This  is  a  rare  act. 

The  brothers  have  long  gone  to  receive  the 
reward  of  their  goodness,  and  lie  buried  in  the 
cemetery  attached  to  Mercers'  Hall,  Cheapside. 

JAMES  REED* 

Sunderland. 

Dean  NoweWs  first  Wife.  —  Churton,  in  his 
Life  of  Alexander  Nowell,  dean  of  St.  Paul's, 
p.  368.,  is  at  a  loss  to  know  the  name  of  the  deanV 
first  wife.  He  says  : 

"  Of  his  first  wife  nothing  farther  is  known  but  that 
he  was  married,  either  to  her  or  to  his  second  wife,  ia 
or  before  the  year  1561.  His  surviving  wife,  Eliz. 
Nowell,  had  been  twice  married  before,  and  had  chil- 
dren by  both  her  former  husbands.  Laurence  Ball 
appears  to  have  been  her  first  husband,  and  Thomas 
Blount  her  second." 

The  pedigree  of  Bowyer,  in  the  Visitation  of 
Sussex,  in  1633-4,  gives  the  name  of  the  dean's 
first  wife : 
"  Thomas  =  Jane,  da.  and  heir  of  =  Alexander  Nowell, 

Bowyer          Robert  Merry,  son       dean  of  St.  Paul's. 

of  Lon-          of  Thomas  Merry       2nd  husband." 

don.  of  Hatfield. 

T.-& 

"  Oxoniana"  —  To  your  list  of  desirable  re- 
prints, I  beg  to  add  the  very  amusing  work  under 
this  title,  and  originally  published  in  four  small 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


301 


volumes  about  fifty  years  since,  and  now  become 
scarce.  Additions  and  corrections  would  add  to 
the  value  and  interest  of  a  work  which  preserves 
many  curious  traits  of  past  times  and  of  Oxford 
Dons.  ALPHA. 

An  Epigram  falsely  ascribed  to  George  Herbert. 
—  The  recent  editors  of  George  Herbert  have 
printed  as  his,  among  his  Latin  poems,  the  last 
two  lines  of  the  76th  epigram  of  Martial's  eighth 
book  : 

"  Vero  verius  ergo  quid  sit,  aucli: 
Verum,  Galilee,  non  libenter  audis." 

J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Ingulph  :  Bohns  "Antiquarian  Library" — Will 
you  kindly  allow  me  to  avail  myself  of  your  columns 
to  correct  an  error  in  my  translation  of  "Ingulph," 
in  Bonn's  Antiquarian  Library  f  In  the  note  to 
page  2,  the  Abbey  of  Bardney,  in  Lincolnshire,  is 
-confounded  with  Partney,  which  was  one  of  its 
cells.  The  mistake  was  not  observed  till,  unfor- 
tunately, the  sheet  had  been  printed;  and  it  was 
accidentally  omitted  among  the  errata.  My  au- 
thority had,  I  rather  think,  been  misled  by  Cam- 
den.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

31.  St.  Peter's  Square,  Hammersmith. 


fiurrfe*. 

QUOTATIONS    WANTED. 

Quid  levius  calamo  ?    Pulvis.     Quid  pulvcre  ?    Ven- 

tus. 

Quidvento?    Meretrix.     Quid  meretrice?    Nihil." 
«  What  is  lighter  than  a  feather  ? 
Dust.     The  wind  more  light  than  either. 
What  is  lighter  than  the  wind  ? 
Airy,  fickle,  womankind. 
What  than  womankind  is  lighter  ? 
Nothing,  nothing — but  the  writer."          X.  Y. 


"  The  knights  are  dust, 
Their  good  swords  are  rust, 
Their  souls  are  with  the  saints,  we  trust.'* 

C.  M.  O'CAOIMH. 

*'  Circles  are  prized,  not  that  abound 
In  greatness,  but  the  exactly  round. 
Thus  men  are  honoured,  who  excel, 
Not  in  high  state,  but  doing  well."        G.  C.  H. 


*  111  habits  gather  by  unseen  degrees, 
As  brooks  to  rivers,  rivers  run  to  seas." 

:  The  clanging  trumpet  sounds  to  arms, 
And  calls  rne  forth  to  battle  : 
Our  banners  float  'midst  war's  alarms, 


The  signal  cannons  rattle." 


T.  W. 


Of  whose  omniscient  and  all-spreading  love, 
Aught  to  implore  were  impotence  of  mind."       Q, 


"  He  no  longer  shall  dwell 

Upon  that  diity  ball, 
But  to  heaven  shall  come, 
And  make  punch  for  us  all." 

A  SEPTUAGENARIAN. 

Sometimes,  indeed,  an  acre's  breadth  half  green, 
And  half  strewed  o'er  with  rubbish,  may  be  seen. 
When  Jo  !  a  board,  with  quadrilateral  grace, 
Stands  stiff  in  the  phenomenon  of  space, 
Proposing  still  the  neighbourhood's  increase, 
By,  *  Ground  to  let  upon  a  building  lease.'"  H.W. 


Then  what  remains,  but  well  our  parts  to  chuse, 
And  keep  good  humour  whatsoe'er  we  lose." 

F.  W.  J. 


"  Bachelors  of  every  station, 
Listen  to  my  true  relation." 

Also  a  ballad  describing  the  visit  of  a  countryman 
and  his  wife  to  Oxford.    Both  of  Berkshire  origin.    L. 


*'  A  fellow  feeling  makes  us  wond'rous  kind."   W.  V. 


41  Sir  John  once  said  a  good  thing.' 


Ecwflos. 


SIR   EDMUND   PLOWDEN. 

In  your  publication  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  319.),  one  of 
your  correspondents  has  given  some  interesting 
particulars  relative  to  Sir  Edmund  Plowden,  New- 
Albion,  &c.,  and  expresses  the  hope  that  Ameri- 
cans will  hereafter  do  justice  to  the  memory  of 
one  really  deserving  their  respect.  I  am  desirous 
of  doing  something  to  vindicate  his  memory  and 
claims  ;  and  to  this  end  should  be  greatly  obliged 
if  your  correspondent  would  favour  me  with  some 
additional  facts.  To  get  at  these,  I  will  put  some 
of  them  in  the  interrogative  form. 

When  and  where  was  Sir  Edmund  born  ? 

What  is  the  evidence  that  he  was  in  America 
from  1620  to  1630?  If  so,  where  (in  what  locali- 
ties), and  what  capacity  ? 

He  says  that  his  sister  married  a  son  of  Secre- 
tary Lake,  then  in  office ;  but  Lake  was  turned 
out  several  years  before  1630,  and  Lord  Balti- 
more took  his  place,  I  think.  Nor  was  Wentworth 
made  Earl  of  StrafTord  till  after  the  time  of  the 
petition. 

He  is  said  to  have  served  five  years  in  Ireland : 
in  what  capacity  ? 

Who  were  Viscount  Musherry,  Lord  Monson, 
Sir  Thomas  Denby,  (Claiborne  I  know  of),  Capt. 
Balls;  besides  Sir  John  Laurence,  Sir  Bowyer 


30? 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


•[No.  231. 


Worstley,  Barrett,  &c.  ?     Where  did  these  parties 
"  die,  in  America,"  in  1634  ? 

Is  the  Latin  original  of  the  charter  in  existence  ? 
There  is  an  omission  in  the  bounds  given  in  the 
paper  referred  to  :  can  I  get  an  extract  from  the 
original  entry  of  limits  ? 

Did  the  charter  ever  pass  the  Great  Seal? 

Would  it  be  valid,  if  only  passed  under  the 
private  seal  ? 

Can  the  date  of  the  grant  to  Danby  be  ascer- 
tained ? 

Are  there   any  memoranda   of  Plowden's  six 
years'  residence  as  Governor  of  New  Albion  (I 
have  some  of  his  residence  in  Virginia)  ? 
.  Can  I  get  more  definite  facts  about  the  miscon- 
duct of  Francis  ? 

The  license  for  alienation,  &c.  is  stated  to  have 
been  obtained  15th  of  Charles,  1646  ;  but  the  15th 
of  Charles  was  1640.  When  did  he  arrive-  to 
attend  to  his  property,  and  when  was  he  impri- 
soned in  the  Fleet  ? 

Who  was  Beauchamp  Plantagenet,  the  author  of 
the  tract  on  New  Albion,  published  in  1 648  ? 

Who  were  Robert  Evelin,  Captain  Young,  and 
Master  Miles,  mentioned  in  that  tract  ? 

Can  you  give  me  any  additional  facts,  dates 
especially,  of  events  and  births,  deaths,  &c.  ? 

I  know  not  into  whose  hands  these  Queries  will 
come ;  but  I  can  say  that,  if  they  are  answered, 
the  cause  of  historic  truth  and  justice  will  be 
served ;  and  I  shall  have  the  aid  I  want  towards 
correcting  the  misrepresentations  and  errors  that 
have  been  accumulating  for  years  on  this  point. 

S.  F.  STREETER,  Sec.  Md.  Hist.  Soc. 

Baltimore  Md.,  March  2,  1854. 

P.  S. — I  should  like  to  inquire,  through  your 
publication,  if  any  one  can  give  me  the  family  of 
Mr.  Claiborne ;  and  any  facts  in  his  history  not 
stated  in  our  works  ? 


stories  contain  the  dials  in  the  front.  The  upper 
story  exhibits  the  groups  of  moving  silver  figures, 
which  strike  the  quarters,  hours,  and  move  in 
procession  whilst  a  tune  is  played  by  a  chime  of 
bells.  The  whole  is  surmounted  by  a  dome,  on 
which  is  placed  a  silver  cock,  which  flaps  his- 
wings  and  crows  when  the  clock  strikes.  It  was 
made  by  Isaac  Hahrecht  (the  artist  who  made  the 
great  clock  in  the  cathedral  at  Strasburg),  ac- 
cording to  the  inscription  on  it,  in  the  year  1589  ; 
and  is  evidently  a  model  of  that  celebrated  work , 
condensed  into  a  single  tower,  since  it  performs 
all  the  feats  of  that  clock.  Its  reputed  history,  as 
given  in  a  printed  account  of  it,  is,  that  it  was 
made  for  Pope  Sixtus  V.,  and  was  for  more  than 
two  hundred  years  in  the  possession  of  the  Court 
!  of  Rome.  It  afterwards  came  into  the  possession 
of  William  I.,  King  of  the  Netherlands,  who- 
authorised  Odevaere  the  antiquary,  now  de- 
ceased, to  investigate  everything  concerning  itt 
and  to  give  a  description  of  it.  What  I  should 
wish  to  know  is,  who  was  this  Odevaere,  and 
where  is  his  description  of  it  to  be  found  ?  With 
regard  to  the  history  of  the  clock,  I  should  wish 
to  know  the  authority  for  the  statement  of  its 
having  been  made  for  the  Pope,  when  and  how  it ' 
came  to  leave  the  Vatican ;  how  it  became  the 
property  of  thetKing  of  Holland  ;  when  and  why 
it  ceased  to  belong  to  the  crown  of  Holland  ;  and 
under  what  circumstances  it  came  over  to  this 
country,  where  it  was  exhibited  in  1850? 

If  any  of  the  readers  of  "  X.  &  Q.,"  or  the- 
Navorscher,  can  give  me  any  information  respect-  • 
ing  it,  I  shall  feel  greatly  obliged. 

OCTAVIUS 

9.  Pall  Mall. 


ANCIENT  CLOCK,  AND    ODEVAERE  S    HISTORY    OF  IT. 

As  a  portion  of  the  history  of  the  magnificent 
clock,  which  came  into  my  possession  last  year,  is, 
connected  with  Holland,  I  think  it  probable  that 
I  may,  through  the  means  of  "  N.  &  Q."  and  the 
Navorscher,  be  able  to  obtain  the  information  re- 
specting it  which  I  desire.  I  shall  therefore  be 
very  much  obliged  if  you  will  give  this  commu- 
nication a  place. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  give  a  brief  description 
of  the  clock,  so  as  to  enable  parties  on  the  other 
side  of  the  water  to  recognise  and  identify  it. 
The  clock,  which  is  of  copper  richly  gilt,  and 
elaborately  engraved,  stands  about  four  feet  high, 
independent  of  the  pedestal.  It  is  of  architectural 
design,  and  is  divided  into  three  stories,  having 
detached  columns  at  each  corner.  The  two  lower 


Spielberg,  when  built? — When  and  by  whom 
was  the  prison  of  Spielberg,  in  Moravia,  built  ? 
Has  it  been  used  exclusively  as  a  state  prison  ? 

M.  J.  S. 

"  Ded.  Pavli"  —  Can  you  give  me  any  inform- 
ation respecting  a  tract  entitled  — 

"  Ded.  Pavli  Antiquarius,  Theologia,  et  contra 
Perciocas  Thologo  Rvmaetatis  nostrse  scholas  PhiHppi 
Melanchthonls  declamativncvla.  Et  quaedam  alia  lectv 
dignissima." 

F.  COLEMAN. 

16.  Great  St.  Helens. 

Mantelpiece :  Mantelshelf:  Mantelboard :  Man- 
tell  and  Brace.  — What  is  the  origin  of  this 
word,  and  whence  came  the  thing  ?  It  must  ori- 
ginally have  had  a  use  and  a  meaning,  before  it 
became  a  haven  of  rest  for  hyacinth-glasses,  china 
monsters,  Bohemian  glass  vases,  and  a  thousand 
nick-nacks  and  odds  and  ends  of  drawing-room 


APRIL  "l.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


furniture,  as  it  now  is  with  us.     It  had,  no  doubt, 
some  real  work  to  do  before  it  became  what  we 
are  pleased  to  term  ornamental.      C.  D.  LAMONT. 
Greenock. 

Passage  in  Job.  —  ThQ  KEV.  MOSES  MARGO- 
MOUTH  will  much  oblige  the  writer,  and  some  of 
his  friends,  by  giving  in  "  N.  &  Q."  a  literal  trans- 
lation of  Job  xix.  26.  The  authorised  version  is  : 

"  And  though  after  my  skin  worms  destroy  this 
body,  yet  in  my  flesh  I  shall  see  God." 

The  marginal  reference  gives  : 

«  After  I  shall  awake,  though  this  body  be  destroyed, 
yet  out  of  my  flesh  shall  I  see  God." 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 

Provincial  Glossaries. — In  an  article  in  the 
79th  volume  of  the  Edinburgh  Review,  on  the 
provincialisms  of  the  European  languages,  the 
writer  says  : 

"  There  are  some  very  copious  early  English  voca- 
bularies lying  in  manuscript  in  the  Cathedral  libraries 
of  Durham,  Winchester,  and  Canterbury  ;  in  the 
British  Museum,  King's  College,  and  other  deposi- 
tories, deserving  collection." 

Will  any  of  your  learned  readers  inform  me  of 
the  dates  of  the  MSS.  referred  to,  and  by  whom 
the  collections  were  made  ?  I  would  recommend 
them  to  the  notice  of  the  Camden  Society. 

FRA.  MEWBURN. 

Chadderton  of  Nutliurst,  co.  Lancaster.  — What 
crest  did  this  family  bear,  and  when  did  the  family 
become  extinct  ?  J.  B. 

A  marvellous  Combat  of  Birds. — In  the  Phoenix 
Britannicus,  by  J.  Morgan,  London,  4to.,  p.  250.*, 
there  is  an  account  of — 

"  The  wonderful  battle  of  stares  (or  starlings), 
fought  at  Cork  on  Saturday  12th,  and  Monday  14th, 
October,  1621." 

And  this  narration  relates,  that  on  the  Sunday, 
October  13,  the  intervening  day,  the  starlings 
absented  themselves  to  fight  at  Woolwich,  in 
Kent!! 

Without  vouching  for  the  fact,  or  calling  in 
question  the  prowess  of  this  "  Irish  Brigade,"  I 
leave  it  to  be  confirmed  or  refuted  by  any  reader 
of  the  "  N.  &  Q." — comme  bon  lui  semblera.  2. 

P.  S. — I  would,  apropos  to  the  above  subject, 
thank  any  reader  of  your  miscellany  to  point  out 
to  me  a  work  by  a  M.  Hanhart  (I  believe  is  the 
name),  which  I  think  is  upon  Les  Mwurs  des 
Fourmis  indigenes,  in  which  are  given  some  par- 

[*  At  p.  252.  of  the  same  article  is  an  account  of 
the  battle  of  the  gnats,  noticed  by  Ma.  E.  W.  JACOB. — 

ED.] 


ticulars  of  regular  conflicts  between  ants.  I  am 
not  aware  of  the  exact  title  of  the  book,  but  I 
have  seen  an  account  of  it  in  some  Edinburgh 
periodical,  if  I  am  not  mistaken. 

Battle  of  the  Gnats. — In  reading  Stow's  Chro- 
nicles of  England,  I  lit  upon  the  following  passage 
recorded  in  the  reign  of  King  Kichard  II.,  p.  509. : 

"  A  fighting  among  gnats  at  the  King's  Maner  of 
Shine,  where  they  were  so  thicke  gathered,  that  the 
ayre  was  darkned  with  them:  they  fought  and  made 
a  great  battaile.  Two  partes  of  them  being  slayne, 
fel  downe  to  the  grounde  ;  the  thirde  parte  hauing  got 
the  victorie,  flew  away,  no  man  knew  whither.  The 
number  of  the  deade  was  such  that  might  be  swepte 
uppe  with  besomes,  and  bushels  filled  weyth  them." 

This  is  a  curious  incident,  and  I  have  never 
heard  of  anything  of  the  sort  taking  place  in 
modern  times.  Would  some  of  your  readers  who 
study  natural  history  be  good  enough  to  give  me 
another  instance?  I  am  at  present  inclined  to 
think  that  the  account  is  one  of  the  many  myths 
which  Stow  doubtless  believed. 

EUSTACE  W.  JACOB. 

Sandford of  Thorpe  Salvine,  Co.Yorh. — Wanted, 
the  arms  and  crest  of  the  Sandfords  of  Thorpe 
Salvine.  Also  any  particulars  of  the  family,  from 
the  commencement  of  their  residence  at  High 
Ashes,  in  the  parish  of  Ashton-under-Lyne,  cp. 
Lancashire,  until  the  termination  of  that  resi- 
dence. Were  they  of  the  same  family  with  Sand- 
ford,  Baron  Mount  Sandford  ?  J.  B. 

"  Outlines  of  the  History  of  Theology,"  8vo., 
London,  1844,  said  to  be  privately  printed.  Any 
information  as  to  the  author,  &c.  will  oblige 

JOHN  MARTIN. 

Woburn  Abbey. 

"  Mawhin" — Is  this  word,  which  signifies  here 
"  a  scarecrow,"  merely  a  Norfolk  pronunciation  of 
mocking?  i.  e.  an  imitation  of  a  man  —  composed 
of  coat,  hat,  &c.  hung  upon  a  cross  bar  of  wood  ? 

J.  L.  S. 

"  Plain  Dealer."  —  Can  any  one  of  your  readers 
inform  me  where  I  can  see  a  copy  of  Aaron  Hill's 
Plain  Dealer,  as  originally  published,  and  before 
it  was  collected  and  printed  in  two  volumes  ?  D. 

Hymn  attributed  to  Handel.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  information  concerning  a  hymn  which 
commences  thus : 

*'  We'll  proclaim  the  wond'rous  story 

Of  the  mercies  we  receive, 
From  the  day-spring's  dawn  in  glory, 
To  the  fading  hour  of  eve." 

It  has  been  attributed  to  Handel.  On  what 
authority  ?  W.  P.  STORER. 

Olney,  Bucks. 


304: 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  231. 


Degrees  in  Arts. — In  the  diploma  of  Master  of 
Arts  which  I  obtained  from  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  occur  the  words  : 

"  Cunctaque  consecutum  esse  Privilegia,  Immuni- 
tates,  Jura,  qua?  hie  aut  nsquam  alibi  Bonarurn  Artium 
Magistris  concedi  solent." 

What  are  (or  rather  were,  for  I  suppose  they  do 
not  now  exist)  these  privilegia,  immunitates,  and 
jura  ?  ANNANDALE. 

"  Goloshes"  —  "KutchiJi-Jiutchu"— What  is  the 
•origin  of  goloshes,  as  the  name  of  water-proof 
shoes  ?  It  is,  of  course,  of  American  derivation. 
But  has  it  any  connexion  with  the  tribe  of  North 
American  Indians,  the  Goloshes  ?  They  are  the 
immediate  neighbours  of  those  tribes  of  Esqui- 
maux who  form  water-proof  boats  and  dresses 
from  the  entrails  of  the  seal ;  and  a  confusion  of 
•names  may  easily  have  occurred. 

The  expedition  of  Sir  John  Richardson  to  the 
Arctic  shores,  which  suggests  the  above  Query, 
also  gives  rise  to  another.  Did  any  of  your 
readers  ever  amuse  themselves,  as  children,  by 
performing  the  dance  known  as  kutchin  kutchu-'mg ; 
which  consists  in  jumping  about  with  the  legs 
bent  in  a  sitting  posture  ?  If  so,  have  they  not 
been  struck  with  a  philological  mania,  on  seeing 
his  picture  of  the  Kutchin-Kutcha  Indians  dan- 
cing ;  in  which  the  principal  performer  is  actually 
figuring  in  the  midst  of  the  wild  circle  in  the  way 
described.  Is  not  the  nursery  term  something 
more  than  a  mere  coincidence  ?  SELEUCUS. 

Cornwalls  of  London.— Perhaps  some  reader  of 
"N.  &  Q."  may  be  able  to  inform  me  what  were 
the  arms,  crest,  and  motto  of  the  Cornwalls  of 
London  ?  One  of  the  family,  John  Cornwall,  was 
a  Director  of  the  Bank  of  England  in  1769.  F.  C. 

Beverley. 

Flasks  for  Wine-bottles.  — When,  and  under 
what  circumstances,  did  the  common  use  of  flasks 
in  this  country,  for  holding  wine,  go  out?  Hogarth 
died  in  1764,  and  in  none  of  his  pictures,  I  believe, 
is  the  wine-bottle,  in  its  present  shape,  to  be  seen. 
On  the  other  hand,  I  have  never  found  any  person 
'able  to  remember  the  use  of  flasks,  or  indeed  any 
other  than  the  wine-bottle  in  its  present  shape. 
The  change  must  have  been  rapidly  effected  be- 
tween 1760  and  1790.  Of  course  I  am  aware  that 
certain  wines,  Greek,  I  believe,  are  still  imported 
in  flasks.  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

Froxhalmi,  Prolectricus,  Phytacus,  Tuleus,  Can- 
dos,  Gracianus,  and  Tounu  or  Tonnu.  —  Can  any 
of  your  correspondents  suggest  the  meaning  of 
these  words,  or  either  them  ?  They  are  not  in 
the  recent  Paris  edition  of  Ducange. 

HENRY  T.  RILEY. 


fot'ffj 

Postmaster  at  Merton  College.  —  Can  you  tell 
me  whether  there  is  any  known  derivation  for  the 
terra  "Postmaster,"  as  applied  to  part  of  the  mem- 
bers on  the  Foundation  of  Merton  College,  Ox- 
ford? Also,  What  connexion  there  is  between 
this  word  and  the  Latin  for  it,  which  is  seen  on 
the  college  plate,  in  the  words  "In  usum  Por- 
tionistarum  ?  "  J.  G.  T. 

Ch.  Ch. 

[It  seems  probable  that  these  postmasters  formerly 
occupied  one  of  the  postern  gates  of  the  college.  Hence 
we  find  Anthony  a  Wood,  in  his  Life,  August  1,  1635, 
says,  "  A  fine  of  80/t.  was  set  by  the  warden  and  fel- 
lowes  of  Merton  College.  When  his  father  renewed  his 
lease  of  the  old  stone-house,  wherein  his  son  A.  Wood 
was  borne  (called  antiently  Portionists'  or  Postmasters' 
Hall),  for  forty  yeares,"  &c.  Again,  April  13,  1664: 
"  A  meeting  of  the  warden  and  fellowes  of  Merton: 
College,  where  the  renewing  of  the  leases  belonging  to 
the  family,  concerning  the  housing  (Portionists'  Hall 
and  its  appurtenances)  against  Merton  College,  was  by 
them  proposed."  Fuller,  in  his  Church  Hist.,  book  in. 
cent.  xiii.  sect.  8.,  has  given  the  origin  of  postmasters. 
"  There  is,"  says  he,  "  a  by- foundation  in  Merton  Col-' 
lege,  a  kind  of  college  in  the  college,  and  this  tradition 
goeth  of  their  original:  —  Anciently  there  was, 'over 
against  Merton  College,  a  small  unendowed  hall, 
•whose  scholars  had  so  run  in  arrears,  that  their  op- 
posite neighbours,  out  of  charity,  took  them  into  their 
college  (then  but  nine  in  number)  to  wait  on  the  fel- 
lows. But  since,  they  are  freed  from  any  attendance, 

and  endowed  with  plentiful  maintenance 

Bishop  Jewel  was  a  postmaster,  before  removed  hence 
to  be  fellow  of  Corpus  Christi."  Consult  also  Oxo- 
niana,  vol.  ii.  pp.  15-22.  The  Portionista,  or  Post- 
masters, did  not  reside  in  the  college  till  the  latter  end 
of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  but  in  a  hall  opposite 
to  it,  which  had  been  provided  for  the  use  of  the  col- 
lege by  Peter  de  Habinton,  or  Habendon,  the  first 
warden.  It  afterwards  became  the  property  of  the 
father  of  Anthony  a  Wood,  and  beneath  its  roof  that 
distinguished  antiquary  was  born,  December  17,  1632. 
The  second  brother  of  Anthony  became  one  of  the 
postmasters  of  Merton  College.] 

.  "  Lyra  Apostolical  —  Can  you  inform  me  who 
were  the  writers  in  the  Lyra  Apostolica  who 
assumed  the  letters  a,  /3,  7,  5,  e,  f  ?  TYRO. 

[We  have  heard  the  initials  attributed  to  the  follow- 
ing writers  :  —  a,  Bowden  ;  ft,  R.  H.  Froude  ;  7,  John 
Keble;  5,  J.  H.  Newman;  e,  Isaac  Williams  ;  f,  Wil- 
berforce.] 

East  Dereham  Manor.  —  Is  it  true  that  "  the 
manor  of  East  Dereham  of  the  Queen "  was 
wrested  from  the  See  of  Ely  by  Queen  Elizabeth's 
celebrated  threat  of  "  unfrocking  ?  "  S.  Z.  Z.  S. 

[The  memorable  unique  epistle  from  the  maiden 
Majesty  of  England  only  deprived  Dr.  Cox,  at  that 
time,  of  his  town-house  and  fair  gardens,  called  Ely 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


Place,  on  Holborn  Hill,  reserving  to  himself  and  his 
successors  free  access,  through  the  gate-house,  of  walk- 
ing in  the  garden,  and  leave  to  gather  twenty  bushels 
of  roses  yearly  therein !  During  the  life  of  Dr.  Cox 
an  attempt  was  made  by  Elizabeth  on  some  of  the  best 
manors  belonging  to  the  See  of  Ely ;  but  it  was  not 
till  that  of  his  successor,  Dr.  Martin  Heton,  that  Dere- 
ham  Grange,  with  other  manors,  were  alienated  to  the 
Crown.  See  Dugdale's  Monasticon,  vol.  i.  p.  466.] 

Quakers  executed  in  North  America.  —  Were 
there  not  several  Quakers  handed  in  North 
America  on  account  of  their  religious  opinions  ? 
And  can  you  inform  me  where  an  account  of  the 
circumstances  attending  this  persecution  (if  there 
ever  was  such  an  one)  can  be  found  ? 

ALFRED  CONDER. 

[Three  Quakers  were  executed  at  Boston  in  1659' 
viz.  William  Robinson,  merchant  of  London  ;  Mar- 
maduke  Stevenson  of  Yorkshire;  and  Mary  Dyar. 
An  account  of  the  cruelties  inflicted  upon  them  is 
given  in  Sewell's  History  of  the  Quakers,  edit.  1725, 
pp.  219 — 227. ;  also  in  a  pamphlet  entitled  A  Declara- 
tion of  the  sad  and  great  Persecution  and  Martyrdom  of 
the  People  of  God,  called  Quakers,  in  New  England,  for 
the  Worshipping  of  God:  London,  printed  for  Robert 
Wilson,  in  Martin's-lc- Grand,  1661.  It  will  be  found 
among  the  King's  Pamphlets  in  the  British  Museum.] 

Inscription  in  Fulham  Church. — I  should  esteem 
it  a  favour  if  any  one  of  your  numerous  corre- 
spondents would  furnish  me  with  a  correct  copy 
of  the  inscription  to  the  memory  of  the  son  of 
Colonel  Win.  Carlos,  who  so  nobly  defended 
Charles  II.  at  the  battle  of  Worcester. 

J.  B.  WHITBORNE. 

["  Here  lieth  William  Carlos  of  Stafford,  who  de- 
parted this  life,  in  the  twenty-fifth  yeare  of  his  age,  the 
19th  day  of  May,  1668. 

'Tis  not  bare  names  that  noble  fathers  give 

To  worthy  sonnes  :    though  dead,  in  them  they  live  ; 

For  in  his  progeny,  'tis  Heaven's  decree, 

Man  only  can  on  earth  immortall  bee : 

But   Heaven  gives  soules  wh  grace  doth  sometymes 

bend 

Early  to  God  their  rice  and  Soveraigne  end. 
Thus,  whilst  that  earth,  concern'd,  did  hope  to  see 
Thy  noble  father  living  still  in  thee, 
Careless  of  earth,  to  heaven  thou  didst  aspire, 
And  we  on  earth,  Carlos  in  thee  desire." 

Arms  :  an  oak  on  a  fesse,  three  regal  crowns.] 

Hero  of  the  "  Spanish  Ladys  Love."  —  Was  Sir 
John  Bolle,  of  Thorpe  Hall,  near  Louth,  the  hero 
of  the  Spanish  Ladys  Love  f  The  Bolle  pedigree 
is  in  Illingworth's  History  of  Scampton. 

s.  z.  z.  s. 

[According  to  Ormerod's  Cheshire'  vol.  iii.  p.  333., 
Sir  Urian  Legh,  of  Adlington,  disputes  the  fact  of 
being  the  hero  of  that  romantic  affair.  "  Sir  Urian 
Lcgh  was  knighted  by  the  Earl  of  Essex  at  the  siege 


of  Cadiz,  and  during  that  expedition  is  traditionally  said 
to  have  been  engaged  in  an  adventure  which  gave  rise 
to  the  well-known  ballad  of  «  The  Spanish  Lady's 
Love.'  A  fine  original  portrait  of  Sir  Urian,  in  a 
Spanish  dress,  is  preserved  at  Bramall,  which  has  been 
copied  for  the  family  at  Adlington."  So  that  between 
these  two  chivalrous  knights  it  is  difficult  to  decide 
which  is  the  famed  gallant.  From  the  care  exercised 
by  Mr.  Illingworth  in  collecting  all  the  anecdotes  and 
notices  of  the  Bolle  family,  the  presumptive  evidence 
seems  to  favour  his  hero.] 


—  In  the  March  Number  of  Black- 
wood's  Magazine,  1854,  the  word  "bothy"  is  fre- 
quently used  in  an  article  called  "  News  from  the 
Farm."  Will  some  one  of  your  numerous  corre- 
spondents give  me  a  little  account  of  "  the  bothy 
system  ?  "  F.  M.  MIDDLETON. 

[A  bothy  is  a  cottage  or  hut  where  labouring  ser- 
vants are  lodged,  and  is  sometimes  built  of  wood,  as 
we  read  in  the  Jacobite  Relics,  ii.  189.: 

"  Fare  thee  well,  my  native'cot, 

Bothy  of  the  birken  tree  ! 
Sair  the  heart,  and  hard  the  lot, 
O'  the  lad  that  parts  wi'  thee." 

Bothies,  or  detached  houses,  in  which  the  unmarried 
farm-servants  sleep  and  prepare  their  victuals,  and  of 
which  there  is  a  considerable  number  in  Perthshire, 
though  convenient  and  beneficial  in  some  respects,  have 
not,  certainly,  contributed  to  the  formation  of  virtuous 
habits.  These  servants  are  often  migratory,  removing 
frequently  at  the  expiration  of  the  year,  according  as 
humour  or  caprice  may  dictate,  and,  like  birds  of  pas- 
sage, taking  their  departure  to  other  lands.] 

"  Children  in  the  Wood."—  Was  Weyland  Wood 
in  Norfolk  the  scene  of  the  "  Children  in  the 
Wood?"  S.  Z.  Z.  S. 

[The  following  account  of  this  tradition  is  given  in 
Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  vol.  xi.  p.  269.,  Nor- 
folk :  —  "  Near  the  town  of  Watton  is  Weyland  Wood, 
vulgarly  called  Wailing  Wood,  from  a  tradition  that 
two  infants  were  basely  murdered  in  it  by  their  uncle; 
and  which  furnished  the  story  of  a  beautifully  pathetic 
and  well-known  ancient  ballad,  entitled  "  The  Children 
in  the  Wood,  or  the  Norfolk  Gentleman's  Last  Will 
and  Testament,"  preserved  in  Percy's  Reliques.'] 


BRYDONE    THE    TOURIST. 

(Vol.ix.,pp.  138.  255.) 

In  reply  to  II.  R.  NEB  F.,  I  beg  to  state  that 
the  writer  of  the  remarks  alluded  to,  on  Brydone's 
Tour  in  Sicily  and  Malta,  was  the  Rev.  Robert 
Finch,  M.A.,  formerly  of  Balliol  College  in  this 
University,  and  who  died  about  the  year  1830. 
When  I  met  with  Mr.  Finch's  honest  and  some- 
what blunt  expression  of  opinion,  recorded  in  a 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


copy  which  once  belonged  to  him,  of  Brydone's 
Tour,  I  was  quite  ignorant  of  the  hostile  criticisms 
that  had  appeared  at  different  times  on  that  once 
popular  work ;  but  knowing  Mr.  Finch's  high  cha- 
racter for  scholarship,  and  a  knowledge  of  Italy,  I 
thought  his  remark  worth  sending  to  a  publication 
intended,  like  "N.  &  Q.,"  as  "A  Medium  of  In- 
tercommunication for  Literary  Men,  Antiquaries," 
£c.,  who  are  well  able  to  examine  a  Note  of  the 
kind ;  and  either  to  accept  it  as  valid,  or  to  reject 
it  as  untenable.  On  referring  now  to  some 
standard  works,  in  order  to  discover  the  opinions 
of  learned  men  respecting  Mr.  Brydone's  Tour, 
the  first  work  I  looked  into  was  the  Biographic 
Universelle  (in  eighty-three  volumes,  and  not  yet 
completed,  Paris,  1811 — 1853),  in  vol.  lix.  of 
which  the  following  observations  occur,  under  the 
name  of  BRYDONE  (Patrice)  : 

"  On  lui  a  reproche  d'avoir  saerifie  la  verite  an 
plaisir  de  raconter  des  choses  piquantes.  On  1'avait 
accuse  aussi  d'avoir,  par  son  indiscretion,  suscite  a 
1'Abbe  Recupero,  Chanoine  de  Catane,  une  persecution 
de  la  part  de  son  eveque.  Cette  indiscretion  n'eut 
pas  heureusement  un  resultat  aussi  facheux  ;  mais  ses 
erreurs  sur  plusieurs  points  sont  evidentes  ;  il  donne 
4000  toises  de  hauteur  a  PEtna  qui  n'en  a  que  1662  ; 
il  coramet  d'autres  fautes  qui  ont  ete  relcvees  par  les 
voyageurs  venus  apres  lui.  Bartels  (Briefe  uber  Ka- 
Idbrien  und  Sicilien,  2te  Auflage,  3  Bd.,  8vo.,  Gotting. 
1791-92)  est  meme  persuade  que  le  voyage  au  sommet 
de  1'Etna,  chef-d'oeuvre  de  narration,  n'est  qu'un  roman, 
et  cet  avis  est  partage  par  d'autres." 

Gothe  says  (Werke,  Band  xxviii.  pp.  189, 190. : 
Stuttgart,  1830)  that  when  he  inquired  at  Catania 
respecting  the  best  method  of  ascending  Mount 
Etna,  Chevalier  Gioeni,  the  professor  of  natural 
history  there,  gave  him  the  following  advice  and 
information  : 

"  Als  wir  den  Ritter  ura  die  Mittel  befragten  wie 
man  sich  benehmen  miisse  urn  den  Aetna  zu  besteigen, 
wollte  er  von  einer  Wagniss  nach  dem  Gipfel,  be- 
sonders  in  der  gegenwartigen  Jahreszeit  gar  nichts 
horen.  Ueberhaupt,  sagte  er,  nachdem  er  uns  ura  Ver- 
zeihung  gebeten,  die  hier  ankommenden  Fremden 
sehen  die  Sache  fur  allzuleicht  an ;  wir  andern  Nach- 
barn  des  Berges  sind  schon  zufrieden,  wenn  wir  ein- 
paarmal  in  unserm  Leben  die  beste  Gelegenheit  abge- 
passt  und  den  Gipfel  erreicht  haben.  Brydone,  der 
zuerst  durch  seine  Beschreibung  die  Lust  nach  diesem 
Feuergipfel  entziindet,  ist  gar  nicht  hinauf  gekommen." 

^From  these  quotations  it  is  evident,  that  Mr. 
Finch  was  not  singular  in  the  belief  he  enter- 
tained; and  certainly  the  scepticism  of  men  so 
eminent  as  Professor  Gioeni,  Dr.  Barthels,  and 
Messrs.  Eyries  and  Parisot  (the  French  writers 
whose  names  are  attached  to  the  Memoir  in  the 
Biog.  Univ.},  must  be  grounded  on  reasons  de- 
serving of  attention.  An  ordinary  reader  of 
Brydone  would  accept  the  account  of  his  ascent 
with  implicit  confidence  j  but  when  veteran  pro- 


fessors, scientific  men,  and  experienced  travellers 
and  scholars  refuse  to  believe  that  he  reached  the 
summit  of  Etna,  the  most  probable  mode  of  ac- 
counting for  their  incredulity  is,  perhaps  to  sup- 
pose, that  in  their  opinion  he  had  mistaken  some 
other  part  of  the  mountain  for  the  real  summit. 
Not  having  met  with  any  detail  of  their  reasons 
for  disbelief,  I  am  only  able  to  state  their  bare 
assertion.  In  my  opinion,  the  beautifully  glow- 
ing and  poetical  description  of  the  magic  scene 
beheld  by  Brydone  from  the  mountain  —  a  de- 
scription, the  perusal  of  which,  in  youth,  remains 
for  ever  after  imprinted  on  the  memory,  like  a 
passage  from  Addison  or  Gibbon,  could  only  have 
been  written  by  an  actual  spectator. 

JOHN  MACBAY. 
Oxford. 


"THE  BED  cow    — CEOMWELLS  CABBIAGES,  ETC. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  87.) 

I  have  known  "  The  Red  Cow,"  at  the  top  of 
Granham  Hill,  near  Marlborough,  for  fifty  years, 
but  do  not  recollect  ever  to  have  heard  of  any 
particular  origin  for  the  sign. 

The  old  carriages  at  Manton  were  built  about  a 
century  and  a  half  ago,  perhaps  not  so  much,  for  one 
of  the  Baskerville  family,  on  the  occasion  of  his 
being  sheriff  of  the  county  to  which  he  belonged, 
probably  Wilts  or  Hereford.  There  are  two  of 
them :  one  a  square  coach,  and  the  other  a  very 
high  phaeton.  The  Baskerville  arms — Ar.  a 
chevron  gu.  between  three  hurts,  impaling,  quar- 
terly, one  and  four,  or,  a  cross  moline  az,  two 
and  three,  gu.  a  chevron  ar.  between  three  mul- 
lets or — are  painted  on  the  panels.  As  I  have  no 
ordinary  of  arms  at  hand,  I  cannot  ascribe  this  im- 
palement ;  but  will  trust  to  some  more  learned 
herald  among  your  correspondents  to  determine 
who  the  lady  was?  When  her  name,  perhaps 
Moleyns  or  Molyneaux,  is  ascertained,  reference 
to  a  Baskerville  pedigree  would  probably  deter- 
mine the  husband,  and  the  precise  date  of  the 
carriages,  which  could  not  have  belonged  to  the 
Protector. 

O.  Cromwell's  arms  were,  Sable,  a  lion  rampant 
ar.  There  were  also  two  families  styled  Williams 
alias  Cromwell :  one  of  which  bore,  Gu.  three 
cheverons  ar.  between  as  many  lions  rampant  or  ; 
the  other,  Sa.  a  lion  rampant  ar.,  the  same  as  Oli- 
ver's coat,  and  probably  derived  by  him  from  the 
Williams  family. 

I  have  wandered  from  "  The  Red  Cow,"  but  I 
will  not  omit  to  hazard  an  idea  for  the  consider- 
ation of  GI.YWYSYDD.  Marlborough  has  changed 
its  armorial  bearings  several  times ;  but  the  pre- 
sent coat,  containing  a  white  bull,  was  granted  by 
Harvey,  Clarenceux  in  A.D.  1565.  Cromwell  was 
attached  to  Cowbridge  and  its  cow  by  family  de- 


APEIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


scent ;  so  he  was  to  Marlborough  by  congeniality 
of  sentiment  with  the  burghers.  Query,  Whether, 
in  affection  to  the  latter,  he  granted  to  the  town 
a  new  coat,  some  such  as  the  following  :  Gules,  a 
bull  passant  argent,  armed  or,  impaling  a  cow 
passant  regardant  gules  :  and  so  might  originate 
"  The  Red  Cow"  upon  Granham  Hill.  History  is 
entirely  silent  upon  this  point ;  but  if  such  a  com- 
bination were  ever  given  to  Marlborough,  it  is 
quite  certain  that  Harvey's  grant  was  resumed  at 
the  Restoration.  I  have  quite  forgotten  to  remark, 
that  there  is  a  suburb  at  Marlborough  called 
Cowbridge —  a  fact  which  seems  to  strengthen  my 
hypothesis. 

A  cow  may  be  borne  by  some  name,  but  at 
present  I  only  recollect  that  of  Vach  :  to  which  is 
accorded,  Ar.  three  cows'  heads  erased  sable. 
Bulls  and  oxen  occur  frequently;  as  in  Fitz- 
Geffrey,  Cowley,  Bull,  Oxley,  Oxcliffe,  Oxendon, 
&c.  Bulls'  heads  belong  to  the  families  of  Bul- 
lock, Hillesdon,  Fleming,  Barbor,  Frend,  Gornay, 
Bullman,  and  Williams,  a  baronet,  &c. 

PATONCE. 


rOX-HUNTING. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  172.) 

As  no  answer  to  the  Query  on  "  Fox-hunting  "  has 
yet  appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  venture  to  send  the 
following  extracts  from  an  article  in  the  Quarterly 
Review,  March  1832,  on  "The  Management  of 
Hounds  and  Horses,"  by  Nimrod.  It  appears  that 
"  the  first  public  notice  of  fox-hunting"  occurs  in 
the  reign  of  Richard  II.,  who  gave  permission  to 
the  Abbot  of  Peterborough  to  hunt  the  fox  : 

"  In  Twice's  Treatise  on  the  Craft  of  Hunting,  Rey- 
nard is  thus  classed: 

*  And  for  to  sette  young  hunterys  in  the  way 

To  venery,  I  cast  me  fyrst  to  go  ; 
Of  which  four  bestes  be,  that  is  to  say, 

The  Hare,  the  Herte,  the  Wulf,  and  the  wild  Boar  : 
But  there  ben  other  bestes,  five  of  the  chase, 

The  Buck  the  first,  the  seconde  is  the  Do ; 
The  Fox  the  third,  which  hath  hard  grace, 

The  ferthe  the  Martyn,  and  the  last  the  Roe.' 

"It  is  indeed  quite  apparent,  that  until  at  most  a 
hundred  and  fifty  years  ago,  the  fox  was  considered  as 
an  inferior  animal  of  the  chase;  the  stag,  buck,  and 
even  hare,  ranking  before  him.  Previously  to  that 
period,  he  was  generally  taken  in  nets  or  hays,  set  on 
the  outside  of  his  earth  :  when  he  was  hunted,  it  was 
among  rocks  and  crags,  or  woods  inaccessible  to  horse- 
men :  such  a  scene  in  short,  or  nearly  so,  as  we  have 
drawn  to  the  life  in  Dandie  Dinmont's  primitive  chasse 
in  Giiy  Manneriny.  It  is  difficult  to  determine  when 
the  first  regularly  appointed  pack  of  hounds  appeared 
among  us.  Dan  Chaucer  gives  the  thing  in  embryo  : 

1  Aha,  the  fox  !  and  after  him  they  ran  ; 
And  eke  with  staves  many  another  man. 


Ran  Coll  our  dogge,  and  Talbot,  and  Gerlond, 
And  Malkin  with  her  distaff  in  her  bond. 
Ran  cow  and  calf,  and  eke  the  very  hogges, 
So  fered  were  for  the  barking  of  the  dogges, 
And  shouting  of  the  men  and  women  eke, 
They  ronnen  so,  hem  thought  her  hertes  brake.' 
"  At  the  next  stage,  no  doubt,  neighbouring  farmers 
kept  one  or  two  hounds  each  ;  and,  on  stated  days,  met 
for  the  purpose  of  destroying  a  fox  that  had  been  doing 
damage  to  their  poultry  yards.     By  and  bye,  a  few 
couple  of  strong  hounds  seem  to  have  been  kept  by 
the  small  country  esquires  or  yeomen  who  could  afford 
the  expense,  and  they  joined  packs.      Such  were  called 
trencher  hounds,  implying   that   they  ran  loose  about 
the  house,  and  were  not  confined  in  kennel." 

These  are  but  short  extracts,  but  they  comprise 
the  whole  of  what  is  said  on  the  first  origin  of 
fox-hunting.  The  rest  of  the  article  treats  of  the 
quality  and  breed  of  horses  and  hounds. 

FREDERICK  M.  MIDDLE-TON. 


WEATHER    RULES. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  50.  535.) 

St.  Vincent's  Day,  Jan.  22.  —  In  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities,  Bohn's  edition,  vol.  i.  p.  38.,  is  to  be 
found  the  following  notice  of  this  day  : 

"  Mr.  Douce's  manuscript  notes  say :  <  Vincenti  festo 
si  Sol  radiet,  memor  esto ; '  thus  Englished  by  Abraham 
Fleming : 

*  Remember  on  St.  Vincent's  Day, 
If  that  the  Sun  his  beams  display.' 

"  [Dr.  Foster  is  at  a  loss  to  account  for  the  origin 
of  this  command,  &c.]" 

It  is  probable  that  the  concluding  part  of  the 
precept  has  been  lost ;  but  a  curious  old  manu- 
script, which  fell  into  my  hands  some  years  since, 
seems  to  supply  the  deficiency.  The  manuscript 
in  question  is  a  sort  of  household  book,  kept  by  a 
family  of  small  landed  proprietors  in  the  island  of 
Guernsey  between  the  years  1505  and  1569.  It 
contains  memoranda,  copies  of  wills,  settlements 
of  accounts,  recipes,  scraps  of  songs  and  parts  of 
hymns  and  prayers  ;  some  Romanist,  some  An- 
glican, some  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  France. 
Among  the  scraps  of  poetry  I  find  the  following, 
rhymes  on  St.  Vincent's  Day ;  the  first  three  lines 
of  which  are  evidently  a  translation  of  the  Latin 
verse  above  quoted,  the  last  containing  the  fact 
to  be  remembered : 

"  Prens  garde  au  jour  St.  Vincent, 
Car  sy  ce  jour  tu  vois  et  sent 
Que  le  soleil  soiet  cler  et  biau, 
Nous  erons  du  vin  plus  que  d'eau." 

These  lines  follow  immediately  after  the  rhymed 
prognostications  to  be  drawn  from  the  state  of, 
the  weather  on  St.  Paul's  Day,  Jan.  28.  As  these 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


verses  differ  from  those  quoted  in  Brand,  from  an 
Almanack  printed  at  Basle  in  1672,  I  here  give 
the  Guernsey  copy  : 

"  Je  te  donneray  ugne  doctryne 
Qui  te  vauldra  d'or  ugne  myne ; 
Et  sordement  sur  moy  te  fonde, 
Car  je  dure  autant  que  ce  monde : 
Et  sy  te  veulx  byen  advertir 
Et  que  je  ne  veulx  point  mentir. 
De  mortaylle  guerre  on  chertey. 
£A  line  appears  to  be  lost  here]) 
Si  le  jour  St.  Paul  le  convers 
Se  trouve  byaucob  descouvert, 
I/on  aura  pour  celle  sayson 
Du  bled  et  du  foyn  a  foyson  ; 
Et  sy  se  jour  fait  vant  sur  terre, 
Ce  nous  synyfye  guerre ; 
S'yl  pleut  ou  nege  sans  fallir 
!Le  chier  tans  nous  doet  asalir; 
Si  de  nyelle  faict,  brunes  ou  brouillars, 
Selon  le  dyt  de  nos  vyellars, 
Mortal itey  nous  est  ouverte." 

Another  line  appears  to  be  omitted  here ;  then 
follow  immediately  the  lines  on  St.  Vincent's 
Day.  EDGAR  MAcCuLLocn. 

Guernsey. 

The  following  is  copied  from  an  old  manuscript 
collection  of  curiosities  in  my  possession.  I  should 
fae  glad  to  know  the  author's  name,  and  that  of 
the  book*  from  which  it  is  taken  :  — 

"  Observations  on   Remarkable    Days,  to   know    how  the 
whole  Year  will  succeed  in   Weather,  Plenty,  Sfc. 

"If  it  be  lowering  or  wet  on  Childermas  or  Innocence 
Day,  it  threatens  scarcity  and  mortality  among  the 
weaker  sort  of  young  people  ;  but  if  the  day  be  very 
fair,  it  promiseth  plenty. 

"  If  New  Year's  Day,  in  the  morning,  open  with 
dusky  red  clouds,  it  denotes  strifes  and  debates  among 
great  ones,  and  many  robberies  to  happen  that  year. 

"  It  is  remarkable  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  that  as  the 
sun  shine  little  or  much  on  that  day,  or  as  other  wea- 
ther happens,  so  shall  every  day  participate  more  or 
less  of  such  weather  till  the  end  of  Lent. 

"  If  the  sun  shines  clear  on  Palm  Sunday,  or  Easter 
Day,  or  either  of  them,  there  will  be  great  store  of. 
fair  weather,  plenty  of  corn,  and  other  fruits  of  the 
earth. 

"  If  it  rains  on  Ascension  Day,  though  never  so 
little,  it  foretells  a  scarcity  to  ensue  that  year,  and  sick- 
ness particularly  among  cattle ;  but  if  it  be  fair  and 
pleasant,  then  to  the  contrary,  and  pleasant  weather 
mostly  till  Michaelmas. 

"  If  it  happen  to  rain  on  Whitsunday,  much  thun- 
der and  lightning  will  follow,  blasts,  *  mildews,  &c. 
But  if  it  be  fair,  great  plenty  of  corn. 


[*  The  Shepherd's  Kalend'ir,  by  Thomas  Passenger. 
See  "  N.  &  Q,.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  50.,  where  many  of  his 
observations  are  quoted ED.] 


"  If  Midsummer  Day  be  never  so  little  rainy,  the 
hazel  and  walnut  will  be  scarce,  corn  smitten  in  many 
places  ;  but  apples,  pears,  and  plums  will  not  be  hurt. 

"  If  on  St.  Swithin's  Day  it  proves  fair,  a  temperate 
winter  will  follow  ;  but  if  rainy,  stormy,  or  windy, 
then  the  contrary. 

"  If  St.  Bartholomew  Day  be  misty,  the  morning 
beginning  with  a  hoar  frost,  then  cold  weather  will 
soon  ensue,  and  a  sharp  winter  attended  with  many 
biting  frosts. 

"  If  Michaelmas  Day  be  fair,  the  sun  will  shine 
much  in  the  winter  ;  though  the  wind  at  north-east 
will  frequently  reign  long,  and  be  very  sharp  and  nip- 
ping." 

KUBY. 


BINGHAM  S    ANTIQUITIES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  197.) 

I  beg  to  send  to  your  correspondent  ME.  RI- 
CHARD BINGHAM  the  following  replies  to  his  seven 
Queries. 

1.  If  there  be  any  use  in  verifying  so  slight  a 
verbal   reference   to  Panormitan,   one   of  whose 
huge  folios,  Venet.  1473,  I  have  examined  in  vain, 
perhaps  the  object  might  be  attained  by  the  as- 
sistance of  such  a  book  as  Thomassin's  Vetus  et 
Nova  JEcclesice  Disciplina,  fin  the  chapter  "  De 
Episcopis  Titularibus,"  torn.  i. 

2.  Bishop  Bale's  description  of  the  monks  of 
Bangor  is  to  be  found  in  his  Scriptor.  Britann. 
Catal.     Compare  Richard  Broughton's  True  Me- 
morial of  the    ancient  State    of    Great  Britain^ 
pp.  39.  40,  ed.  an.  1650. 

3.  I  should  think  in  his  Colloquies,  and  most 
probably    in    the   Peregrinatio   Religionis    ergo. 
Erasmus,  in  his  Modus  orandi  Deum,  also  observes 
that    "  quidam   in   concionibus   implorant    opem. 
Virginis,"    and   condemns  the   "  vestigia   veteris 
Paganismi."  (sigg.  u  and  s  2,  Basil,  1551.) 

4.  Respecting  the  existence  of  what  is  called 
the  Epistle  of  St.  Athanasius  to  Eustathius,  Car- 
dinal Bona  was   right   and   Bingham    in    error. 
Vide  St.  Athan.,  Opp.  ii.  560,  ed.  Bened. 

5.  Bingham  was  seriously  astray  in  consequence 
of  his  misunderstanding  Bona,  who  does  not  by 
any  means  refer  to  Pamelius,  but  to  the  anony- 
mous author   of  the   Antiquitatum   Liturgicarum 
Syntagma,  who  is  believed  to  have  been  Floren- 
tius  Vanderhaer.     If  Pamelius  is  to  be  introduced 
at  all,  the  reference  in  Bingham  should  be,  not  to 
"  torn.  iii.  p.  307.,"  but  to  i.  328-30.     I  would  re- 
mark too  that,  in  the  heading  of  one  of  the  ex- 
tracts subjoined,  "ex  Vita  Ambrosiana,"  should 
be  "  ex  Ritu  Ambrosiano." 

6.  Joannes  Semeca  did  not  flourish  A.D.  1250, 
but   died   in    1243.      Suicer   wrongly  refers    to 
"  Dist.  iv.  cap.  iv.,"  and  Harding,  more  inaccu- 
rately, to  "  Dist.  iv.  can.  iv.  (Bp.  Jewel's  Works, 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


309 


ed.  Jelf,  i.  419.)     Cap.  xxviii.  is  the  one  intended, 
and  there  is  no  corruption  whatsoever. 

7.  Joseph  Bingham  was  only  closely  following  : 
Barrow.     The  first  edition  of  I)e  la  Bigne's  Bib- 
liotheca  Patrum,  torn,  i.,  also   has    the   evidently 
senseless  reading,  "  ista  quidam  ego"  instead  of 
"  nego"  about  which  see  Comber's  Roman  For-  \ 

f  cries,  ii.  187.  For  MSS.  of  the  Epistles  of  Pope  i 
ymmachus,  your  correspondent  may  consult  the 
Carmelite  Lud.  Jacob  a  S.  Carolo's  Bibliotheca 
Pontifaia,  p.  216. ;  or,  much  more  successfully, 
De  Montfaucon's  Bibliotheca  Bibliothecarum  Ma- 
nuscriptoruni)  Paris,  1739.  R.  G. 


Should  MR.  RICHARD  BINGHAM  not  yet  have 
verified  the  reference  to  Erasmus,  I  beg  to  furnish 
him  with  the  means  of  doing  so ;  but  I  am  toler- 
ably certain  that  I  recollect  having  met  with  an- 
other place  in  which  this  admirable  writer  more 
fully  censures  those  preachers  of  his  Church  who, 
at  the  commencement  of  their  sermons,  called 
upon  the  Virgin  Mary  for  assistance,  in  a  manner 
somewhat  similar  to  that  in  which  heathen  poets 
used  to  invoke  the  Muses.  The  following  passage, 
however,  may  be  quite  sufficient  for  your  corre- 
spondent's purpose : 

"  Sed  si  est  fons  gratia?,  quid  opus  est  illi  dicere  Ora 
pro  nobis  ?  Non  est  probabile  earn  consuetudinem  a 
gravibus  viris  inductam,  sed  ab  inepto  quopiam,  qui, 
quod  didicerat  apud  Poetas  proposition!  succedere  in- 
vocationem,  pro  Musa  supposuit  Mariam."  —  Des. 
Erasmi  Koterod.  Apologia  adversus  H/iapsodias  ca- 
lumniosarum  querimoniarum  Alberti  Pit,  quondam  Car- 
porurn  Principis,  p.  168.  Basil,  in  off.  Froben.  1531. 

R.G. 


ANCIENT  TENURE  OF  LANDS. 

(Vol.ix.,  p.  173.) 

About  the  close  of  the  tenth  century  (and 
perhaps  much  earlier)  there  began  to  arise  two 
distinct  modes  of  holding  or  possessing  land  :  the 
one  a  feud,  i.  e.  a  stipendiary  estate ;  the  other 
allodium,  the  phrase  applied  to  that  species  of 
property  which  had  become  vested  by  allotment 
in  the  conquerors  of  the  country.  The'stipendiary 
held  of  a  superior ;  the  allodialist  of  no  one,  but 
enjoyed  his  land  as  free  and  independent  property. 
The  interest  of  the  stipendiary  did  not  originally 
extend  beyond  his  own  life,  but  in  course  of  time 
it  acquired  an  hereditary  character  which  led  to 
the  practice  of  subinfeudation  ;  for  the  stipendiary 
or  feudatory,  considering  himself  as  substantially 
the  owner,  began  to  imitate  the  example  of  his 
lord  by  carving  out  portions  of  the  feud  to  be 
held  of  himself  by  some  other  person,  on  the 
terms  and  conditions  similar  to  those  of  the  ori- 
ginal grant.  Here  B.  must  be  looked  upon  as  only 
vassal  to  A.,  his  superior  or  lord ;  and  although 


feuds  did  not  originally  extend  beyond  the  life 
of  the  first  vassal,  yet  in  process  of  time  they  were 
extended  to  his  heirs,  so  that  when  the  feudatory 
died,  his  male  descendants  were  admitted  to  the 
succession,  and  in  default  of  them,  then  such  of 
his  male  collateral  kindred  as  were  of  the  blood 
of  the  first  feudatory,  but  no  others ;  therefore, 
in  default  of  these,  it  would  consequently  revert 
to  A.,  who  had  a  reversionary  interest  in  the  feud 
capable  of  taking  effect  as  soon  as  B.'s  interest 
should  determine.  If  the  subinfeudatory  lord 
alienated,  it  would  operate  as  a  forfeiture  to  the 
person  in  immediate  reversion.  W.  T.  T. 


As  a  very  brief  reply  to  the  queries  of  J.  B., 
!  permit  me  to  make  the  following  observations. 

The  Queen  is  lady  paramount  of  all  the  lands 

|  in  England ;   every  estate  in  land  being  holden, 

i  immediately  or  mediately,   of  the  crown.      This 

|  doctrine  was   settled   shortly  after  the  Norman 

Conquest,  and  is  still  an  axiom  of  law. 

Until  the  statute  Quia  Emptores,  18  Edw.  I.,  a 
tenant  in  fee  simple  might  grant  lands  to  be  holden 
by  the  grantee  and  his  heirs  of  the  grantor  and  his 
heirs,  subject  to  feudal  services  and  to  escheat ; 
and  by  such  subinfeudation  manors  were  created. 

The  above-named  statute  forbade  the  future  sub- 
infeudation of  lands,  and  consequently  hindered 
the  further  creation  of  manors.  Since  the  statute 
a  seller  of  the  fee  can  but  transfer  his  tenure. 
There  are  instances  in  which  one  manor  is  holden 
of  another,  both  having  been  created  before  the 
statute. 

In  the  instance  mentioned  by  J.  B.  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  the  hamlet  escheated  to  the  heirs  of 
A.  on  failure  of  the  heirs  of  B.  (See  the  statute 
De  Donis  Conditionalibus,  13  Edw.  I.) 

It  is  not,  and  never  was,  necessary,  or  even 
possible,  that  the  lord  of  a  manor  should  be  the 
owner  of  all  the  lands  therein ;  on  the  contrary, 
if  he  were,  there  would  be  no  manor;  for  a  manor 
cannot  subsist  without  a  court  baron,  and  there 
can  be  no  such  court  unless  there  are  freehold 
tenants  (at  least  two  in  number)  holding  of  the 
lord.  The  land  retained  by  the  lord  consists  of 
his  own  demesne  and  the  wastes,  which  last  com- 
prise the  highways  and  commons.  If  the  lord 
should  alienate  all  the  lands,  but  retain  his  lord- 
ship, the  latter  becomes  a  seignory  in  gross. 

Such  was  and  is  the  tenure  of  lands  in  England, 
so  far  as  concerns  the  queries  of  J.  B.  He  will 
find  the  subject  lucidly  explained  at  great  length 
in  the  second  volume  of  Blackstone's  Commen- 
taries. I.  CTUS. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

I  think  that  J.  B.  will  find  in  Blackstone,  or  any 
elementary  book  on  the  law  of  real  property,  all 
the  information  which  he  requires.  The  case 
which  he  puts  was,  I  suppose,  the  common  case 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


of  subinfeudation  before  the  statute  of  Quia  Em- 
ptores,  18  Ed\v.  I.  A.,  the  feoffor,  reserved  to 
himself  no  estate  or  reversion  in  the  land,  but  the 
seignory  only,  with  the  rent  and  services,  by 
virtue  of  which  he  might  again  become  entitled 
to  the  land  by  escheat,  as  for  want  of  heirs  of  the 
feoffee,  or  by  forfeiture,  as  for  felony.  If  the 
feoffment  were  in  tail,  the  land  would  then,  as 
now,  revert  on  failure  of  issue,  unless  the  entail 
had  been  previously  barred.  The  right  of  aliena- 
tion was  gradually  acquired ;  the  above  statute 
of  Quia  Emptores  was  the  most  important  enact- 

•  ment  in  that  behalf.  With  this  exception,  and 
the  right  to  devise  and  to  bar  entails,  the  lords  of 

•manors  have  the  same  interest  in  the  land  held  by 
freeholders  of  the  manor  that  they  had  in  times 
of  subinfeudation.  (Blackstone's  Comm,,  vol.  ii. 

•ch.  287.,  may  be  carefully  consulted.)  H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Spots  on  Collodion  Pictures,  §-c.  —  The  principal  dif- 
ficulty I  experience  in  the  collodion  process  is  occa- 
sioned by  the  appearance  of  numberless  very  minute 

"spots  or  points  over  the  whole  extent  of  the  picture. 
These  occurring  on  the  whites  of  my  pictures  (posi- 
tives) give  them  a  rough,  rubbed,  appearance  and  want 
of  density,  which  I  should  feel  obliged  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  can  teach  me  how  to  overcome. 

One  of  your  photographic  querists  inquires  the  re- 
medy for  his  calotype  negatives  darkening  all  over 
before  the  minor  details  are  brought  out.  I  had  for 

-a  long  time  been  troubled  in  the  same  way,  but  by 
diminishing  the  aperture  of  my  three-inch  lens  to  half 

_an  inch,  and  reducing  the  strength  of  my  sensitising 
solution  to  that  given  by  DR.  DIAMOND,  and,  in  addi- 
tion, by  developing  with  gallic  acid  alone  until  the 
picture  became  tolerably  distinct  in  all  its  parts,  and 
then  applying  the  gallo-nitrate,  I  have  quite  succeeded 
in  obtaining  first-rate  negatives.  It  is  well  to  prepare 
only  a  small  quantity  of  aceto-nitrate  at  once,  as  the 
acetic  acid  is  of  a  sufficiently  volatile  nature  to  escape 
from  the  solution,  which  is  a  not  unfrequent  cause  of 
the  general  darkening  of  the  picture.  It  would  be 
well  to  substitute  a  more  fixed  acid  for  the  acetic  if 
this  be  practicable,  as  it  is  in  the  collodion  process, 
where  tartaric  is  recommended.  H.  C.  COWLEVV 

Devizes,  Wilts. 

The  Double  Iodide  Solution — The  great  difference  in 
the  quantity  of  iodide  of  potassium  ordered  by  different 
persons,  to  dissolve  a  given  weight  of  iodide  of  silver  in 
,a  given  volume  of  water,  has  induced  me  to  make 
some  experiments  on  the  subject.  I  find  that  using 
pure  nitrate  of  silver,  and  perfectly  pure  iodide  of 
potassium  (part  of  a  parcel  for  which  Mr.  Arnold,  who 
manufactures  iodine  on  a  large  scale  in  this  island,  got 
a  medal  at  the  Exhibition  of  1851),  the  quantity  of 
iodide  of  potassium  required  varies,  c&teris  paribus,  to 
the  extent  of  15  per  cent.,  with  the  quantity  of  water 
added  to  the  iodide  of  silver  before  adding  the  iodide 


of  potassium  ;  the  minimum  required  being  when  the 
two  salts  act  on  each  other  in  as  dry  a  form  as  possible. 
Take  the  precipitate  of  iodide  of  silver,  got  by  decom- 
posing 100  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver  with  97'66  grains 
of  iodide  of  potassium ;  drain  off  the  last  water  com- 
pletely, so  that  the  precipitate  occupies  not  more  than 
five  or  six  drachms  by  measure ;  throw  on  it  640  grains 
of  iodide  of  potassium  ;  rapid  solution  ensues  ;  when 
perfectly  clear,  add  water  up  to  four  ounces:  the  solu- 
tion remains  unclouded.  But  if  two  or  three  ounces 
of  water  had  been  first  poured  on  the  iodide  of  silver, 
680  grains,  as  I  stated  in  my  former  paper,  would  have 
been  required,  and  perhaps  734.  The  rationale  is,  I 
suppose,  that  in  a  concentrated  form  the  salts  act  on 
each  other  with  greater  energy,  and  a  smaller  quantity 
of  the  solvent  is  required  than  if  it  is  diluted.  Many 
analogous  cases  occur  in  chemistry.  I  hope  this  little 
experiment  will  be  useful  to  others,  as  a  saving  of 
15  per  cent,  on  the  iodide  of  potassium  is  gained.  As 
a  large  body  of  precipitated  iodide  of  silver  can  be 
more  completely  drained  than  a  smaller  quantity,  in 
practice  it  will  be  found  that  small  precipitates  require 
a  few  grains  more  than  I  have  stated  :  thus,  throw  on 
the  precipitate  of  iodide  of  silver  (got  from  150  grains 
of  nitrate),  drained  dry,  960  grains  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium ;  solution  rapidly  ensues,  which,  being  made  up 
to  six  ounces,  the  whole  remains  perfectly  clear  ; 
whereas  the  iodide  of  silver  thrown  down  from 
50  grains  of  nitrate,  similarly  treated  with  320  grains 
of  iodide  of  potassium,  and  made  up  to  two  ounces 
(the  proportional  quantities),  will  probably  require 
10  or  15  grains  more  of  iodide  to  effect  perfect  solu- 
tion, the  reason  being  that  it  contained  a  greater  quan- 
tity of  water  pro  raid  than  the  first. 

The  following  table,  showing  the  exact  quantities  of 
iodide  of  potassium  required  to  decompose  50,  100, 
and  150  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver,  the  resulting  weight 
of  iodide  of  silver,  and  the  weight  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium to  make  a  clear  solution  up  to  2, 4,  and  6  ounces, 
will  often  be  found  useful : 

Grs.          Grs.          Grs. 

Nitrate  of  silver     -     -       50          100          150 
Iodide  of  potassium    -       48*83       97-66     146*49 
Iodide  of  silver       -     -       6S-82     137'64     206-46 
Iodide  of  potassium    -     320  640  960 

Water  up  to      -     -     -     2  oz.         4  oz.        6  oz. 

T.  L.  MANSELL,  A.B.,  M.D. 
Guernsey. 

Mounting  Photographs  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  282.). —  J.  L.  S. 
will  find  the  "  Indian-rubber  glue,"  which  is  sold  in 
tin  cases,  the  simplest  and  cleanest  substance  for 
mounting  positives  ;  it  also  possesses  the  advantage  of 
being  free  from  the  attacks  of  insects.  SELEUCUS. 


ta 

Books  on  Sells  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  240.).  — Add  to 
MR.  ELLACOMBE'S  curious  list  of  books  on  bells 
the  following : 

"  Duo  Vota  consultiva,  unum  de  Campanis,  alterum. 
de  Ccemeteriis.  In  quibus  de  utriusque  antiquitate, 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


consecratione,  usu  et  effectibus  plene  agitur,  pluraque 
scitu  dignissima  ad  propositi  casus,  aliorumque  in  praxi, 
hac  de  re  occurrentium  decisionem,  non  injucunde  ad- 
ducuntur.  Auctore  D.  Augustino  Barbosa,  Proto- 
notario  Apostolico,  Eminentissimorum  DD.  Cardina- 
lium  Sacrje  Congregationis  Indicis  Consultore,  Abbate 
de  Mentrestido,  ac  insignis  Ecclesiee  Vimarensis  The- 
saurario  majore."  [4to.,  no  place  nor  date.] 

I  have  here  given  the  full  title  of  a  pamphlet  of 
112  pages,  exclusive  of  title,  which  I  purchased 
about  twenty  years  since  of  Rodd,  the  honour- 
able and  intelligent  bookseller  of  Great  Newport 
Street.  It  came  from  the  library  of  Professor 
J.  F.  Vandevelde  of  Louvaine.  Some  former  pos- 
sessor has  written  before  the  title,  "  Quamvis  tan- 
turn  libellus  tamen  rarissimus,"  and  it  is,  perhaps, 
the  only  copy  in  this  country.  It  is  not  in  the 
Bodleian  catalogue,  nor  was  it  in  Mr.  Douce's 
library.  P.  B. 

Medal  in  Honour  of  Chevalier  St.  George 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  105.).  —  A.  S.  inquires  about  a  medal 
supposed  to  have  been  struck  in  honour  of  Prince 
James  (Chevalier  St.  George)  ;  but  his  account  of 
it  is  so  vague,  that  I  am  unable  to  answer  his 
question.  If  he  will  describe  the  medal,  or  state 
the  grounds  upon  which  he  supposes  such  a  medal 
to  have  existed,  I  will  endeavour  to  solve  his 
doubts.  H. 

Dean  Swift's  Suspension  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  244.).  — 
I  am  surprised  that  ABHBA  should  express  a 
belief  that  the  circumstances  of  Swift's  college 
punishment  have  not  been  noticed  by  any  of  his 
biographers,  when  every  syllable  of  his  commu- 
nication is  detailed  (with  original  documentary 
proofs)  in  Dr.  Barrett's  Early  Life  of  Swift,  and 
is  in  substance  repeated  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
Life,  prefixed  to  Swift's  works.  C. 

"  Vanitatem  observare"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  247.).  —  I 
am  sorry  to  have  given  your  correspondent  F.  C.  H. 
a  wrong  reference,  and  I  am  not  quite  sure  about 
the  right  one  ;  but  I  think  it  is  to  a  Latin  trans- 
lation of  the  Council  of  Laodicea,  A.D.  366,  c.  36. 

R.  H.  G. 

Ballina  Castle,  Mayo   (Vol.  viii.,   p.  411.). I 

have  no  idea  to  what  place  O.  L.  R.  G.  can  allude 
as  Ballina  Castle;  there  is  no  place,  ancient  or 
modern,  about  that  town,  that  has  that  name  ;  and 
the  only  place  with  the  title  of  castle  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, is  a  gentleman's  modern  residence  of 
no  great  pretensions  either  as  to  size  or  beauty. 
He  perhaps  alludes  to  Belleck  Abbey,  which  is  a 
fine  building ;  but,  notwithstanding  its  title,  is  of 
still  more  modern  date  than  the  so-called  castle. 
I  am  not  aware  of  any  recent  historical  or  descrip- 
tive work  on  the  county  generally.  Csesar  Otway, 
Maxwell,  and  the  Saxon  in  Ireland,  have  confined 
their  descriptions  to  the  "Wild  West;"  and  the 


crowd  of  tourists  appear  to  follow  in  their  track, 
leaving  the  far  finer  central  and  eastern  districts 
untouched.  The  first-named  tourist  appears  to 
have  projected  another  work  on  the  county,  but 
never  published  it.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Dorset  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  247.). — NARES  gives  various 
spellings,  as  douset,  dowset,  doulcet,  but  in  all 
equally  derived  from  dulcet,  "  sweet;"  and  Halli- 
well  has  "  doucet  drinkes;"  so  that  the  great 
Manchester  philosopher  had  probably  been  in- 
dulging in  a  too  copious  libation  of  some  sweet 
wine,  which  he  styles  "  foolish  Dorset."  F.  R.  R. 

Dorchester  beer  had  acquired  a  very  great 
name,  and  was  sent  about  England.  Out  of  the 
shire  it  was  called  "  Dorset  Beer,"  or  "  Dorset." 
That  town  has  lost  its  fame  for  brewing  beer. 

G.  R.  L. 

Judicial  Rank  hereditary  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  384.).  — 
Such  a  list  as  your  correspondent  gives  is  not 
easily  paralleled,  it  is  true,  in  the  judicial  annals 
of  England  or  Ireland ;  but  in  Scotland  he  might 
have  found  cases  in  considerable  number  to  equal 
or  surpass  those  which  he  mentions :  for  instance, 
in  the  family  of  Dundas  of  Arniston,  respecting 
which  I  find  the  following  note  in  the  Quarterly 
Review,  vol.  Ivii.  p.  462. : 

"  The  series  is  so  remarkable,  that  we  subjoin  the 
details:  —  Sir  James  Dundas,  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Session,  1662;  Robert  Dundas,  son  of  Sir  James, 
judge  of  the  Court  of  Session  from  1689  to  1727; 
Robert  Dundas,  son  of  the  last,  successively  Solicitor- 
General  and  Lord  Advocate,  M.  P.  for  the  county  of 
Edinburgh,  judge  of  the  Court  of  Session  1737,  Lord 
President  1748,  died  in  1753  (father  of  Henry,  Viscount 
Melville)  ;  Robert  Dundas,  son  of  the  last,  successively 
Solicitor- General  and  Lord  Advocate,  and  member  for 
the  county,  Lord  President  from  1760  to  1787  ;  Robert 
Dundas,  son  of  the  last,  successively  Solicitor- General 
and  Lord  Advocate,  Lord  Chief  Baron  from  1801  to 
1819;  all  these  judges,  except  the  Chief  Baron,  had 
been  known  in  Scotland  by  the  title  of  Lord  Arniston. 
They  were,  we  need  hardly  add,  all  men  of  talents,  but 
the  two  Lords  President  Arniston  were  of  superior 
eminence  in  legal  and  constitutional  learning." 

The  Hope  family,  and  some  other  Scottish  ones, 
present  as  numerous  a  display  of  legal  dignitaries 
as  the  above ;  but  the  hereditary  succession  from 
father  to  son  is  perhaps  not  equalled,  certainly  not 
excelled,  in  any  age  or  country.  In  fact,  let  the 
opponents  of  hereditary  honours  say  what  they 
will,  there  is  no  description  of  talent  except  the 
poetical  that  has  not  frequently  remained  in  the 
same  family  for  several  generations  unabated. 

J.  S.  WARDED 

Tolling  the  Bell  on  leaving  Church  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  125.).  —  In  reply  to  J.  H.  M.'s  Query,  I  beg  to 
state  that  the  chief  reason  for  tolling  the  bell 
while  the  congregation  is  leaving  church,  is  to 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  231. 


inform  the  parishioners  who  have  not  been  able 
to  attend  in  the  morning,  that  divine  service  will 
be  celebrated  in  the  afternoon.  In  scattered 
villages,  or  where  a  single  clergyman  had  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  more  than  one  church,  this  was 
formerly  quite  requisite.  At  a  neighbouring 
village  of  Ty therly,  the  custom  is  still  observed, 
though  no  longer  necessary.  W.  S. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  priests  in  olden  times 
\vere  fond  of  hot  dinners,  and  the  bell  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  service  must  have  been  intended  as 
a  warning  to  their  cooks  (and  many  others)  to 
make  ready  the  repast.  This  is  merely  a  sup- 
position ;  but  I  shall  cherish  the  idea  in  the  want 
of  a  better  explanation.  The  custom  has  been, 
until  very  lately,  observed  in  our  little  country 
church.  There  are  other  customs  which  are  still 
kept  up,  namely,  that  of  tolling  the  church  bell  at 
eight  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  and  again  at 
nine,  as  well  as  that  of  ringing  a  small  bell  when 
the  clergyman  enters  the  reading-desk.  E.  W.  J. 

Crawley,  Winchester. 

I  believe  that  the  custom  of  tolling  the  bell 
when  the  congregation  is  leaving  the  church,  is  to 
notify  that  there  will  be  another  service  in  the 
day.  This  is  certainly  the  reason  in  this  parish 

ga  Leicestershire)  ;  for  after  the  second  service 
e  bell  is  not  tolled,  nor  if,  on  any  account,  there 
is  no  afternoon  service.  S.  S.  S. 

When  I  was  Lecturer  of  St.  Andrew's,  Enfield, 
the  bells  rang  out  a  short  peculiar  peal  immedi- 
ately after  Sunday  Morning  Prayer.  I  always 
thought  it  was  probably  designed  to  give  notice  to 
approaching  funeral  processions  that  the  church 
service  was  over,  as  in  the  country  burials  — 
usually  there  always  on  Sundays  —  immediately 
follow  the  celebration  of  morning  service. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

I  beg  to  inform  your  correspondent  J.  H.  M. 
that  this  is  often  done  at  Bray,  near  Maidenhead. 

NEWBURIENSIS. 

The  custom  observed  at  Olney  Church  after 
the  morning  service,  I  have  'heard,  is  to  apprise 
the  congregation  of  a  vesper  service  to  follow. 

W.  P.  STOEEE. 

Olney,  Bucks. 

Arclipriest  in  the  Diocese  of  Exeter  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  185.).  —  Besides  the  archpriest  of  Haccombe, 
there  were  others  in  the  same  diocese ;  but,  to 
quote  the  words  of  Dr.  Oliver,  in  his  Monasticon, 
J)ioc.  Exon.,  p.  287., 

"  He  would  claim  no  peculiar  exemption  from  the 
jurisdiction  of  his  ordinary,  nor  of  his  archdeacon;  he 
was  precisely  on  the  same  footing  as  the  superiors 
of  the  nrchpresbyteries  at  Penkivell,  Beerferris,  and 
"VVhitchurch,  which  were  instituted  in  this  diocese  in 


the  early  part  of  the  fourteenth  century.  The  found- 
ation deed  of  the  last  was  the  model  in  founding  that  of 
Haccomhe." 

In  the  same  work  copies  of  the  foundation 
deeds  of  the  archipresbytery  of  Haccombe  and 
Beer  are  printed. 

One  would  suppose  that  wherever  there  was  a 
collegiate  body  of  clergymen  established  for  the 
purposes  of  the  daily  and  nightly  offices  of  the       , 
church,  as  chantry  priests,  that  one  of  them  would 
be  considered  the  superior,  or  archipresbyter. 

Godolphin,  in  Rep.  Can.,  56.,  says  that  by  the 
canon  law,  he  that  is  archipresbyter  is  also  called 
dean.  Query,  Would  he  then  be  other  than 
"  Primus  inter  pares  ?  " 

Prince,  in  his  Worthies,  calls  the  Rector  of 
Haccombe  "  a  kind  of  chorepiscopus  ; "  and  in  a 
note  refers  to  Dr.  Field  Of  the  Church,  lib.  v.  c.  37. 

With  regard  to  the  Vicar  of  Bibury  (quoted  by 
MR.SANSOM,  "N.  &  Q-,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  185.),  he 
founded  his  exemption  from  spiritual  jurisdiction, 
I  believe,  upon  his  holding  a  Peculiar,  and  not  as 
an  archpriest.  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst  St.  George. 

Dogs  in  Monumental  Brasses  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  126.). 
— I  have  always  understood  (but  I  cannot  say  on 
any  authority)  that  the  dogs  at  the  feet  of  monu- 
mental effigies  of  knights  were  symbolical  of 
fidelity.  That  signification  would  certainly  be 
very  appropriate  in  monuments  of  crusaders, 
where,  I  believe,  they  are  generally  found.  And 
I  would  suggest  to  MR.  ALFORD,  that  the  idea 
might  not  have  been  confined  to  fidelity  in  keep- 
ing the  vow  of  the  Cross,  but  might  have  been 
expended  to  other  religious  vows :  in  which  case 
the  ladies  undoubtedly  might  sometimes  claim  the 
canine  appendage  to  their  effigies.  The  lion  might 
perhaps  symbolise  courage,  in  which  ladies  are  not 
commonly  supposed  to  excel.  M.  H.  K. 

The  Last  of  the  Palaologi  (Vol.v.,  pp.  173.  280. 
357.). — The  following  scrap  of  information  may 
be  useful  to  L.  L.  L.  and  others,  if  too  long  a 
time  has  not  gone  by  since  the  subject  was  under 
discussion.  In  The  List  of  the  Army  raised  under 
the  Command  of  his  Excellency  Robert  Earle  of 
Essex,  &c. :  London,  printed  for  John  Partridge, 
1642,  of  which  I  have  seen  a  manuscript  copy,  the 
name  of  Theo.  Palioligus  occurs  as  Lieutenant  in 
"  The  Lord  Saint  John's  Regiment." 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors,  Kirton  in  Lindsey. 

Long  Names  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.539.  651.).  — Allow 
me  to  add  the  following  polysyllabic  names  to 
those  supplied  by  your  correspondents: — Llanvair- 
pwllgivyngyll,  a  "living  in  the  diocese  of  Bangor, 
became  vacant  in  March,  1850,  by  the  death  of 
its  incumbent,  the  Rev.  Richard  Prichard,  set. 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


ninety -'three.  The  labour  of  writing  the  name  of 
his  benefice  does  not  seem  to  have  shortened  his 
days. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  two  employes  in 
the  finance  department  at  Madrid  : — Dan  Epifanio 
Mirurzururdundua  y  Zertgotita  ;  Don  Juan  Nepo- 
muceno  de  Burionagonatotorecagogeazcoecha. 

There  was,  until  1851,  a  major  in  the  British 
army  named  Teyoninhokarawen  (one  single  name). 

G.  L.  S. 

Elizabeth  Seymour  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  174.).  —  Ac- 
cording to  Collins,  — 

««  Sir  E.  Seymour,  first  baronet,  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Sir  Arthur  Champeirion,  of  Darlington, 
co.  Devon,  by  whom  he  had,  besides  other  issue,  a 
daughter  Elizabeth,  who  married  George  Gary,  of 
Cockington,  co.  Devon.  Sir  Edward  Seymour,  third 
baronet,  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Port- 
man,  and  left,  besides  sons,  a  daughter,  also  named 
Elizabeth,  who  married  Sir  Joseph  Tredenham,  of 
Tregony  in  Cornwall,  Knight." 
These  two  ladies,  whose  similarity  of  name  pro- 
bably caused  the  confusion,  must  have  lived  at 
least  half  a  century  apart.  A.  B. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

Those  who  share  the  well-grounded  opinion  of  Mr. 
Petit,  that  we  cannot  fully  enter  into  the  character  of 
English  architecture  unless  we  give  some  attention  also 
to  French,  German,  and  Italian,  will  gladly  turn  to 
the  very  profusely  and  handsomely-illustrated  volume 
which  he  has  just  issued,  under  the  modest  title  of 
Architectural  Studies  in  France,  by  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit, 
M.  A.,  F.  S.  A.,  with  Illustrations  from  Drawings  by  the 
Author  and  P.  H.  Delamotte.  It  is  of  course  impos- 
sible, within  the  limits  of  our  brief  notice,  to  enter  into 
any  examination  of  Mr.  Petit's  views  upon  the  subject 
of  Gothic  architecture,  the  principles  of  which  he  be- 
lieves to  have  been  more  completely  developed  at  an 
early  period  in  England  than  anywhere  else  ;  and  we 
must  therefore  content  ourselves  with  directing  atten- 
tion to  the  book  itself,  which  will  in  no  small  degree 
supply  to  the  architectural  student  desirous  of  study- 
ing French  buildings,  the  opportunity  of  doing  so  ; 
Jind  that  too  under  the  guidance  of  one  well  qualified 
to  direct  his  steps.  Mr.  Petit  has  long  been  known  to 
the  antiquarian  world  as  one  of  our  greatest  authori- 
ties on  the  subject  of  Gothic  architecture  ;  and  his 
various  papers,  illustrated  by  his  own  bold  yet  effective 
sketches  in  the  Archaeological  Journal,  may  have  pre- 
pared some  of  our  readers  for  a  volume  of  great  im- 
portance ;  yet  we  think  even  they  will  be  surprised  at 
the  interest  and  beauty  of  the  present  book.  Mr.  Petit, 
who  has  had  on  this  occasion  the  assistance  of  Mr.  De- 
lamotte as  a  draughtsman,  expresses  his  hope  that  at 
some  future  time  lie  may  avail  himself  of  that  gentle- 
man's skill  as  a  photographer. 

There  Is,  perhaps,  no  man  of  letters,  no  man  of 
science,  of  whom  the  world  possesses  so  unsatisfactory 


an  account  as  Jerome  Cardan.  The  author  of  Palissy 
the  Potter  has  therefore  done  good  service,  and  exe- 
cuted a  task  worthy  of  himself,  by  The  Life  of  Girolamo 
Cardano,  of  Milan,  Physician.  In  two  small  readable 
volumes,  rich  in  all  the  characteristics  of  his  own  pe- 
culiar mode  of  treatment,  Mr.  Morley  has  given  us  not 
only  a  clear  view  of  the  life  and  character  of  Cardan, 
based  on  a  diligent  and  careful  examination  of  his  vo- 
luminous writings —  for  Cardan  reckoned  that  he  had 
published  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  books,  and  left 
in  MS.  nearly  as  many  —  but  also  a  striking  picture 
of  the  age  in  which  he  lived  ;  and  the  work,  which  is 
one  of  great  interest  to  the  general  reader,  is  made  still 
more  valuable  to  the  literary  antiquary  by  the  accuracy 
with  which  Mr.  Morley  quotes  his  authorities. 

Some  interesting  manuscripts  were  sold  by  Messrs. 
Puttick  and  Simpson  on  Wednesday,  the  22nd  ultimo, 
including  original  letters  by  Blake,  Penn,  Monk,  Nel- 
son, and  other  of  our  most  renowned  admirals  ;  and  of 
Charles  I.  and  Charles  II.,  Oliver  and  Richard  Crom- 
well, Desborough  ;  and  numerous  autographs  of  Com- 
monwealth celebrities.  The  chief  lot  was  a  letter  from 
Cromwell  to  Pastor  Cotton,  in  New  England,  written 
shortly  after  the  battle  of  Worcester,  in  which  he  al- 
ludes to  the  difficulties  he  has  experienced  in  treating 
with  some  of  the  Scotch  party.  Mr.  Carlyle  had  not 
seen  the  original,  but  used  the  copy  among  the  Arun- 
del  MSS.  It  was  knocked  down  to  Mr.  Stevens,  the 
American  agent,  for  3G/.  A  printed  broadsheet  of  the 
Peace  of  Breda  sold  for  37.  7s.  A  letter  of  Richard 
Cromwell  brought  41.  An  autograph  of  Queen  Bess 
brought  27. ;  and  one  of  Edward  VI.  brought  27.  8s. 
Autographs  of  Mary  are  less  common  :  one  in  this  col- 
lection realised  37. 7s.  One  of  Nelson's  letters  to  Lady 
Hamilton  brought  27.  2s.  Altogether,  the  prices  re- 
alised were  good. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England, 
by  Agnes  Strickland,  Vol.  III.  This  new  volume  of 
the  cheaper  edition  of  Miss  Strickland's  popular  regal 
biographies  comprises  the  Lives  of  Jane  Seymour, 
Anne  of  Cleves,  Katherine  Howard,  Katherine  Parr, 
and  Mary.  —  The  Works  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Joseph  Ad- 
disnn,  with  Notes  by  Bishop  Hurd,  Vol.  II.,  is  the  new 
volume  of  Bonn's  British  Classics,  and  comprises  Ad- 
dison's  contributions  to  the  Toiler  and  Spectator.  —— 
In  the  same  publisher's  Standard  Library,  we  have  the 
third  volume  of  his  edition  of  Southey's  Works  and 
Correspondence  of  Cowper,  which  embraces  his  Letters 
between  the  years  1783  and  1788. —  Cydopcedia  Bib- 
liographica,  Part  XVII I.,  which  extends  from  Shepherd 
(Rev.  E.  J.)  to  Surtees  (Rev.  Scott  F.). —  Whitaker's 
Educational  Register,  1854.  The  work,  which  has 
undergone  some  modifications,  is  now  confined  alto- 
gether to  Educational  Statistics,  of  which  it  is  a  most 
valuable  compendium.  —  Remains  of  Pagan  Saxondom, 
by  J.  Y.  Ackerman,  Parts  VIII.  and  IX.  The  con- 
tents of  these  numbers  are:  —  Fragments  from  a  Tu- 
mulus at  Caenby,  Lincolnshire  ;  Fibula  from  Ingarsby, 
Leicestershire;  Glass  Drinking-vessels  from  Ceme- 
teries in  Kent ;  Fibula?  from  Rugby,  Warwickshire. 
The  great  peculiarity  of  this  Series  is,  that  the  objects 
are  drawn  of  the  size  of  the  originals  ;  thus  affording 
great  facilities  for  comparing  them  with  remains  of  a 
similar  character. 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  231. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

The  Volume  of  the  LONDON  POLYGLOTT  which  contains  the 

Prophets.     Imperfection  in  other  parts  of  no  consequence. 
CARLISLE  ON  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS. 
THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.  London,  1828.  12mo.  Two  copies. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "  NOTES  AND 
QUERIES,"  186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

ALLISTER'S  PARADIGMA  CHESS  OPENINGS. 

NATT'S  SERMONS  PREACHED  AT  ST.  SEPULCHRE. 

ARMYTAGE'S  (Rev.  J.,  of  Tidenham)  SERMONS. 

MAYHEW'S  LONDON  LIFE  AND  LABOUR.     Complete. 

NICHOLSON'S  LECTURES  ON  HEZBKIAH. 

WALTON  AND  COTTON'S  ANGLER.    Edited  by  Sir  H.  Nicolas. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Hay  ward,  Bookseller,  Bath. 


PENNY  CYCLOPAEDIA.    Part  92.    (For  September,  1840  ) 
Wanted  by  A.  Baden,  Jun.,  1.  Old  Broad  Street. 

LONDON  LABOUR  AND  THE  LONDON  POOR.    44  various  Numbers, 

several  of  many  of  them. 
KNIGHT'S  NATIONAL  CYCLOPAEDIA.    32  Parts. 
ALMANACK  OF  THE  MONTH,  by  Gilbert  A.  A'Beckett.  Jan.,  Feb., 

June,  Sept.,  and  Dec.,  1846. 

"Wanted  by  Geo.  Newbold,  8.  Regent  Street,  Vauxhall  Road. 


AN  ESSAY  EXPLANATORY  OF  THE  TEMPEST  PROGNOSTICATOR  IN 
THE  BUILDING  OF  GREAT  EXHIBITION.    The  last  edition. 

,  Wanted  by  J.  T.  C.,  care  of  Messrs.  M'Gee  &  Co.,  Nassau 
Street,  Dublin. 


THE  FAMILY  INSTRUCTOR,  by  De  Foe.    2  Vols.    1841.    Oxford, 

Talboys. 

ALLAN  RAMSAY'S  TEA-TABLE  MISCELLANY.    1724. 
HAZLITT'S  SELECT  POETS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN.    1825. 
THE  LADY'S  POETICAL  MAGAZINE,  or  Beauties  of  British  Poets. 

4  Vols.    London,  1781. 

THE  HIVE,  containing  Vol.  I.    First  Edition.     (3  Vols.) 
THE  HIVE.     Vol.  III.    4th  Edition.    (Edition  in  4  Vols.) 
LONDON  MAGAZINE.    Vols.  after  the  year  1763. 

Wanted  by  Fred.  Dinsdale,  Esq.,  Leamington. 


EVANS'S  OLD  BALLADS.    Vol.  I.    1810. 

Any  of  the  Sermons,  Tracts,  &c.,  by  the  late  Rev.  A.  G.  Jewitt. 
HISTORY  OF  LINCOLN,  by  A.  Jewitt. 

HOWITT'S  GIPSY  KING,  and  other  Poems.     Either  one  or  two 
copies. 

Wanted  by  E.  Keene,  Bookseller,  Irongate,  Derby. 


THE  EPICURE'S  ALMANACK  FOR  1815. 

Wanted  by  George  R.  Corner,  19.  Tooley  Street. 


to 

A.  J.  N.  (Birmingham).     Will  this  Correspondent  let  us  see  the 
papers  respecting  John  Henderson  ? 

J.  C.  K.     The  coin  is  a  penny  of  Henry  III.,  struck  in  London. 
Ma.  PINKERTON'S  letter  has  been  forwarded  to  EIRIONNACH. 

F.  C.  J.  We  cannot  discover  that  James  Murray,  the  second 
and  last  Earl  of  Annandale,  was  executed.  The  Earl  joined 
Montrose  ajter  the  battle  of  Kilsyth,  and  upon  that  heroic  chief- 
tain's defeat  retired  to  England,  where  he  died  in  1658.  At  his 
death  the  tides  of  Annandale,  Annand,  and  Murray  of  Lochina- 
ben,  became  extinct,  and  those  of  Stormont  and  Scoon  devolved  on 
David,  setond  Lord  Balvaird,  who  married  the  Earl's  widow. 
See  the  Earldom  of  Mansfield  in  Burke's  Peerage. 

SANDBRS'S  HISTORY  OF  SHENSTONE.  —  Will  any  reader  of  "N. 
&  Q."  oblige  me  by  lending  me  a  copy  of  Sanders's  History  of 
Shenstone  ?  Of  course  I  would  pay  the  carriage  and  expenses. 
A  letter  would  find  me  directed,  CID,  Post  Office,  Stourbridge, 
Wo  rcestershire. 

B.  H.  A.    For  the  derivation  of  Crar,  see  our  last  Volume, 
pp.  150.  226.  422. 

T.  H.  On  the  Lord  Mayor  being  a  Privy  Councillor,  see  our 
Fourth  Volume  passim. 

S.  C.  (Norwich).     The  line  — 

"  When  Greeks  joined  Greeks  then  was  the  tug  of  war  "  — 
is  from  Lee's  Alexander  the  Great. 

PISCATOR  will  find  ample  illustration  of  "  ampers  and  and  the 
character  St  "  in  our  last  Volume  (8th),  pp.  173.  223.  254.  327. 
376.  524.  L 

A.  BADEN,  Jun.,  will  find  that  his  Query  respecting  the  pro- 
nunciation of  Tea  in  Queen  Anne's  time,  has  already  been  treated 
of  in  the  curious  discussion  on  Irish  Rhymes  in  our  6th,  7th,  and 
8th  Volumes. 

X.  Y.  Z.  Brother-german  is  a  brother  by  the  father's  or 
\  mother's  side,  in  contradistinction  to  a  uterine  brother,  or  by  the 
|  mother  only. 

E.  H.  M'L.  Some  examples  of  wage,  the  singular  of  wages,. 
!  are  given  in  Todd's  Johnson  :  consult  also  Richardson,  s.  v. 

GALLO-NITRATR. — 1 .  We  advise  you  to  try  the  formula  given  in 
our  former  Number  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  324.)  for  positives  ;  30  grains 
of  nitrate  of  silver  may  do.  but  it  is  not  very  active.  2.  A  glass 
rod  is  inappropriate ; '  it  works  up  the  albumen  into  a  lather. 
3.  Towgood's  paper  will  take  the  albumen  very  excellently.  As 
we  have  often  said  before,  when  you  mny  obtain  certain  excellent 
results  from  known  good  formula,  why  waste  your  time  upon 
uncertainties  f 


T.  D.  L.  If  your  bath  contains  the  smallest  portion  of  hypo.T 
or  any  salt  of  iron,  it  is  useless.  Precipitate  the  silver  with  salt  / 
collect  and  reduce  it  to  its  metallic  state. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  to  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcel*, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


GROSJEAN'S 

CELEBRATED   TROWSERS, 

16s.  per  Pair. 
109.  REGENT  STREET. 

NE    THOUSAND     BED- 

STEADS      TO     CHOOSE     FROM.— 

SAL  &  SON'S  Stock  comprises  handsomely 
Japanned  and  Brass-mounted  Iron  Bedsteads, 
Children's  Cribs  and  Cots  of  new  and  elegant 
designs,  Mahogany,  Birch,  and  "Walnut-tree 
Bedsteads,  of  the  soundest  and  best  Manufac- 
ture, many  of  them  fitted  with  Furnitures, 
complete.  A  large  Assortment  of  Servants' 
and_  Portable  Bedsteads.  They  have  also  every 
variety  of  Furniture  for  the  complete  furnish- 
ing of  a  Bed  Room. 

HEAL,  &  SON'S  ILLUSTRATED   AND 
PRICED  CATALOGUE   OF  BEDSTEADS 
AND  BEDDING,  sent  Free  by  Post. 
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consisting  of 


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Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 


PORTMANTEAUS  ,TR  AVELLING-BAGS , 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
bcx  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


SURPLICES. 

r\  ILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  Boltonr 

\JT  Lancashire,  has  prepared  his  usual  large 
Supplv  of  SURPLICES,  in  Anticipation  of 
EASTER. 

PARCELS  delivered  FREE  at  Railway 

Stations. 


THE  EMPRESS  OF  CHINA'S 
TEA. —  Recommended  by  the  Faculty 
for  its  purity,  by  the  nobility  and  gentry  for 
its  choice  quality  (which  is  always  the  same\ 
and  by  the  trade  for  its  general  superiority  and 
moderate  price. 

MOORE  &  CO.,  14.  Little  Tower  Street. 
London.  Sold  retail  at  27.  COVENTRY 
ST.,  HAYMARKET,  and  by  their  Agents 
throughout  the  kingdom.  Price  4s.  4rf.  per 
lb.,  in  tins  of  various  sizes.  A?ents  wanted 
(tea-dealers  only)  where  none  are  appointed. 


APRIL  1.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


A  RCHER'S         REGISTERED 

J±  FOLDING  CAMERA.  -  This  new  form 
of  Camera  combines  portability  with  the  power 
of  expansion,  and  is  capable  of  taking  pictures 
from  3X4  to  10X8,  in  the  open  air  without  a 
tent. 

It  is  made  to  contain  the  lens,  baths,  bottles, 
&c.,  necessary  for  an  excursion,  packed  up  and 
ready  for  use,  in  an  upright  position. 

It  is  applicable  to  all  the  known  processes  in 
Photography. 

Further  particulars  can  be  obtained  of  MR. 
ARCHER,  105.  Great  Russell  Street,  Blooms- 
bury,  who  supplies  all  other  Apparatus  neces- 
sary in  Photography,  Collodion,  pure  Chemi- 
cals, &c.  Portraits  on  Glass. 

An  assortment  of  Prints  on  Sale,  Works  of 
Art  copied,  &c.  &c. 

CLASSICAL     MUSICAL    LI- 

\  )  BRARY — Subscribers  are  liberally  sup- 
plied, on  loan,  with  every  description  of  New 
Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music,  and  have  also 
at  their  disposal  upwards  of  3,000  volumes, 
including  the  Standard  Operas,  Italian,  Ger- 
man, French,  and  English  Songs,  and  all 
kinds  of  Instrumental  Music.  During  the 
Term  of  Subscription,  each  Subscriber  has  the 
privilege  of  selecting  —  for  his  own  property  — 
from  100,000  different  pieces,  3  Guineas'  worth 
of  Music.  Prospectuses  forwarded  Free  on. 
application. 

JULLIEN  &  CO.,  214.  Regent  Street. 

ENNETT'S       MODEL 

t ,  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  -4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2f.,3Z.,  and  \l.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 

PIANOFORTES,  25  Guineas 
each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  ioudoir,or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Ulew- 
itt,  J.  Brlz/.i,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.Lanza 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  LefRer.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry  ,H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Kodwell 
E.  Rockel.  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  II.  Wright,"  &c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 

nHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
safes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  of 

zesand  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 
CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 

London  ;  L'S.  Lord  Street,  Liv>  rpool  ;  16.Mar- 
l  mchester  ;  andHorseley  Fields, 

AVyiverhampton. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHS, by  the  most  eminent  En- 
gush    and    Continental     Artists,     is    OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 
£  s.  d. 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process 110 

Additional  Copies  (each)         -          -    0    5    0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)      -          -  -          -    3    3    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 
(larger  size)     -          -          -          -    5    5    0 
Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water- Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.    Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


)       PHOTOGRAPHERS.  — 

Secondhand    Camera    for    Sale,    with 

i*s  2J  inch  lens,  capable  of  taking  pictures 

8J  by  6J.  Two  double  Shutters  for  paper,  and 
one  for  Collodion,  adjusting  Front,  &c.  Price, 
71.  10s.  For  farther  particulars  apply  to  MR. 
DIXEY,  King's  Road,  Brighton. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

4  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode,  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattaiued  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
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[No.  231 


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Kb.  232.] 


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i  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 


.NOTES  :- 


Page 


Arabian  Tales  and  their    Sources,  by 

J.  W.  Thomas     -           -           -           -    319 
La  Rochefoucauld,  by  J.  Macray           -    320 
Shropshire  Ballad  -           -           -           -    320 
"  Of  the  Benefit  of  the  Death  of  Christ," 
by  Aonio  Paleario,  by  the   Rev.  J. 
Ayre 321 

MINOR  NOTES  : —Stone  Chisels  —  Acros- 
tic—  Simmels  —  Ogborne's  History  of 
Essex  — Fleas  and  Bugs  —  Zeuxis  and 
Parrhasius  —Cure  for  Hydrophobia  — 
The  "Fusion"  -  -  -  -  321 

^QUERIES  :  — 

Lyra's  Commentary,  by  Edw.  Peacock  323 
MINOR  QUERIES  :— Barristers'  Gowns 
— "Charta  Hen.  2.  G.  G.  n.  2.  q."_ 
Albany  Wallace  —  Leslie  and  Dr. 
Middleton  _  Star  and  Garter.  Kirk- 
stall  —  Shrove  Tuesday  —  "  Tarbox 
for  that "  —  De  Gurney  Pedigree  — 
"  n«7«e,"  unde  deriv —  Snush  —  John 

t>      Bale,  Bishop  of  Ossory  — Proxies  for 


absent  Sponsors  —  Heraldic  Query  — 
ead  Recipe 
\  of  Scots 
'  Refuge  in  the 


Christmas  Ballad—  Hay-brei 

—  Te  Deum  —  Mary  Queen 

at  Auchincas  —  Right  of  Ref^v,  »u  *.,^ 
Church  Porch  —  Christopher  Lemying 
of  Burneston  —  Ralph  Ashton  the 
Commander  -  -  -  323 

"'Ml  NOR         QUERIES       WITH        ANSWERS   :  - 

Roman  Hoads  in  England  —  Inscrip- 
tion on  the  Brass  of  Sir  G.  Felbridge 

—  Skipwith  —  College  Battel  —  Origin 
of  Clubs  _  Royal  Arms  in  Churches 

—  Odd  .Fellows  —  Governor-General 

of  India  -Precedence  -          -          -    325 


Mnrmortinto,  or  Sand-painting,  by  John 

Mummery  -          -          -          -  327 

O'Brien  of  Thosmond       -          -  -  328 

Coronation  Stone    -  328 
Polygamy,  hy  T.  J.  Buckton  and  the 

Rev.  A.  Gatty      -  -  -  -  329 

Poetical  Tavern  Signs      '-  330 

"  Behemoth,"  by  C.  H.  Cooper    -          -  332 

"PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :—  Pho- 
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Grave  —  "  Cissle  "  —  Contributors  to 
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in  ancient.  Families—  Poets  Laureate 

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ton  —  Amontillado  —  "  Mairdil  "  — 
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MISCELLANEOUS  :  _ 

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VOL.  IX.  — Xo.  232. 


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LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  8,  1854. 


ARABIAN    TALES    AND    THEIR    SOURCES. 

The  Arabians  have  been  the  immediate  instru- 
ments in  transmitting  to  us  those  Oriental  tales, 
of  which  the  conception  is  so  brilliant,  and  the 
character  so  rich  and  varied,  and  which,  after 
having  been  the  delight  of  our  childhood,  never 
lose  entirely  the  spell  of  their  enchantment  over 
our  maturer  age.  But  while  many  of  these  tales 
are  doubtless  of  Arabian  origin,  it  is  not  to  be 
supposed  that  all  are  equally  so.  If  we  may  be- 
lieve the  French  translator  of  the  Thousand  and 
One  Tales,  that  publication  does  not  include  the 
thirty-sixth  part  of  the  great  Arabian  collection, 
which  is  not  confined  to  books,  but  has  been  the 
traditional  inheritance  of  a  numerous  class,  who, 
like  the  minstrels  of  the  West,  gained  their  liveli- 
hood by  reciting  what  would  interest  the  feelings 
of  their  hearers.  This  class  of  Eastern  story- 
tellers was  common  throughout  the  whole  extent 
of  Mahomedan  dominion  in  Turkey,  Persia,  and 
even  to  the  extremity  of  India. 

The  sudden  rise  of  the  Saracen  empire,  and  its 
rapid  transition  from  barbarism  to  refinement,  and 
from  the  deepest  ignorance  to  the  most  extensive 
cultivation  of  literature  and  science,  is  an  extra- 
ordinary phenomenon  in  the  history  of  mankind. 
A  century  scarcely  elapsed  from  the  age  of  Am- 
rou,  the  general  of  Caliph  Omar,  who  is  said  to 
have  burned  the  great  Alexandrian  library,  to  the 
period  when  the  family  of  the  Abbasides,  who 
mounted  the  throne  of  the  Caliphs  A.D.  750,  in- 
troduced a  passionate  love  of  art,  science,  and 
even  poetry.  The  celebrated  Haroun  Al  Raschid 
never  took  a  journey  without  at  least  a  hundred 
men  of  science  in  his  train.  But  the  most  muni- 
ficent patron  of  Arabic  literature  was  Al  Mamoun, 
the  seventh  Caliph  of  the  race  of  the  Abbasides, 
and  son  of  Harouu  Al  Raschid.  Having  suc- 
ceeded to  the  throne  A.D.  813,  he  rendered  Bag- 
dad the  centre  of  literature  :  collecting  from  the 
subject  provinces  of  Syria,  Armenia,  and  Egypt 
the  most  important  books  which  could  be  disco- 
vered, as  the  most  precious  tribute  that  could  be 
rendered,  aud  causing  them  to  be  translated  into 
Arabic  for  general  use.  When  Al  Mamoun  dic- 
tated the  terms  of  peace  to  Michael,  the  Greek 
emperor,  the  tribute  which  he  demanded  from  him 
was  a  collection  of  Greek  authors. 

The  Arabian  tales  had  their  birth  after  this 
period ;  and  when  the  Arabians  had  yielded  to 
the  Tartars,  Turks,  and  Persians,  the  empire  of 
the  sword.  Soldiers  are  seldom  introduced  ;  the 
splendours  of  the  just  Caliph's  reign  are  dwelt 
upon  with  fond  remembrance;  the  style  is  that 
of  a  mercantile  people,  while  riches  and  artificial 


luxuries  are  only  rivalled  by  the  marvellous  gifts 
of  the  genii  and  fairies.  This  brilliant  mythology, 
the  offspring  of  the  Arabian  imagination,' together 
with  the  other  characteristics  of  the  Arabian  tales, 
has  had  an  extensive  influence  on  our  own  litera- 
ture. Many  of  these  tales  had  found  their  way 
into  our  poetry  long  before  the  translation  of  the 
Arabian  Nights ;  and  are  met  with  in  the  old 
Fabliaux,  and  in  Boccacio,  Ariosto,  and  Chaucer. 
But  while  these  tales  are  Arabian  in  their  struc- 
ture, the  materials  have  been  derived,  not  only 
from  India,  Persia,  and  China,  but  also  from 
ancient  Egypt,  and  the  classical  literature  of 
Greece. 

I  shall  content  myself  at  present  with  adducing 
one  example  of  such  probable  derivation  from  the 
source  last  mentioned.  The  stories  to  be  com- 
pared are  too  long  for  quotation,  which,  as  they 
are  well  known,  will  not  be  necessary.  I  shall 
therefore  merely  give,  in  parallel  columns,  the 
numerous  points  of  resemblance,  or  coincidence,, 
between  the  two.  The  Arabian  tale  is  that  of 
"Ali  Baba  and  the  Forty  Robbers ;"  the  corre- 
sponding story  will  be  found  in  Herodotus,  b.  u. 
c.  cxxi. ;  it  is  that  of  Rhampsinitus  and  the  rob- 
bery of  his  royal  treasury  : 


THE  EGYPTIAN  TALE. 

1.  The  king  constructs  a  stone 
edifice  for  the  security  of  his  vast 
riches. 


2.  In  the  wall  of  this  treasury  is 
a  stone  so  artfully  disposed  that  a 
single  person  can  move  it,  so  as  to 
enter  and  retreat  •without  leaving 
any  trace  of  his  having  done  so. 

3.  Two    brothers    become    ac- 
quainted with  the  secret  opening 
into  the  treasury,  and  enter  it  for 
the  purpose  of  enriching  them- 
selves. 

4.  One  of  the  brothers  becomes 
rich  by  abstracting  large  sums  of 
money  from  the  royal  treasury. 

5.  The  other  brother  is  caught 
in  the  snare  which  the  king  had 
laid  within  the  treasury,  for  the 
detection  and  apprehension  of  the 
intruders. 

6.  At  his  own  request  the  brother 
thus   caught  is  beheaded  by  the 
other  to  avoid  recognition,  and  to 
secure  the  escape  of  one.  The  dead 
body  is  hung  from  the  wall  of  the 
treasury,  for  the  purpose  of  dis- 
covering his  accomplice. 

7.  The  surviving  brother,  at  his 
mother's  earnest   request,  carries 
off  the  dead  body,  and  brings  it 
home  on  the  back  of  one  of  his 
asses. 

8.  The  king,  unable  to  ascertain 
how  his  treasury  had  been  entered, 
is  enraged  .at  the  removal  of  the 
body,  and  alarmed  at  finding  that 
some  one  who  possesses  the  secret 
still  survives. 

9.  The  king  has  recourse  to  stra- 
tagem, for  the  purpose  of  detect- 
ing the  depredator,  but  without 

10.  The  surviving  brother  baffles 
the  king's  first  attempt  to  detect 
him,   by   means    of   some    asses, 
which,  in  the  character  of  a  wine- 
seller,  he  had  loaded  with  wine- 
flasks,  making  the  king's  guards 
drunk,  and  leaving  them  all  fast 
asleep. 


THE  ARABIAN  TALE. 

1.  In  a  rock  so  steep  and  craggy 
that  none  can  scale  it,  a  cave  has 
been    hewn    out,  in    which    the 
robbers  deposit    their  prodigious 
wealth. 

2.  In  this  rock  is  a  door  which 
opens  into  the  cave,  by  means  of 
two   magical  words,  "  Open   Se- 
same ; "  and  closes  again  in  like 
manner  by  pronouncing  the  words 
"  Shut  Sesame." 

3.  Two    brothers    become    ac- 
quainted with  the   door  of  the 
cave,  and  the  means  of  opening 
and  shutting  it ;  and  they  enter  it 
for  the  purpose  of  enriching  them- 
selves. 

4.  AH  Baba,  one  of  the  two  bro- 
thers, becomes  rich  by  carrying  off" 
a  great  quantity  of  gold  coin  from 
the  robbers'  cave. 

5.  Cassim,  the  other  brother,  is 
caught  as  in  a  snare,  by  forgetting, 
when  in   the   cave,  the    magical 
words  by  which  alone  an    exit 
could  be  obtained. 

6.  Cassim,  in  his  attempt  to  es- 
cape, is  killed  by  the  robbers,  and 
his  dead  body  is  quartered,  and 
hung  up  within  the  door  of  the 
cave,  to  deter  any  who  might  be 
his  accomplices. 

7.  Ali  Baba,  at  the  instance  of 
Cassim's  widow,  carries  off  his  re- 
mains from  the  cave,  and  brings 
them  home  on  the  back  of  one  of 
his  asses. 

8.  The  robbers,  unable  to  guess 
how  their  cave  had  been  entered, 
are  alarmed  at    the  removal  of 
Cassim's  remains,  which  proves  to 
them  that  some  one  who  possesses 
the  secret  still  survives. 

9.  The  robbers  have  recourse  t» 
stratagem,  for  the  purpose  of  dis- 
covering the  depredator,  but  with- 
out success. 

10.  Ali  Baba,  assisted  by  his  fe- 
male slave,  baffles  the  robber  cap-r 
tain's  first  attempt  upon  him,  by 
means  of  some  oil  in  a  j  ar,  his  men 
being  concealed  in  the  other  jars, 
with  which  the   captain,   in   the 
character  of  an  oil-merchant,  had 
loaded  some  asses :  thus  the  latter, 
who  thought  his  men  asleep,  finds 
them  all  dead. 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  232 


THE  EGYPTIAN  TAI.E. 

11.  In  the  darkness  of  the  night, 
the    Burviving    brother   tells  the 
king's  daughter,  whom  her  father 
had  employed  to  detect  him,  the 
itory  of  his  exploits  iu  baffling  the 
guards  and  carrying  off  the  body 
of  his  brother. 

12.  The  king's  daughter  attempts 
to  seize  the  brother,  but  he  baffles 
her,  by  leaving  in  her  hand  a  dead 
arm  instead  of  his  own. 


13.  The  king,  who  admires  the 
audacity  and  ingenuity  of  the  sur- 
viving brother,  offers  him,  by  pro- 
clamation, pardon  and  reward  ; 
and,  on  his  coming  forward,  gives 
him  his  daughter  iu  marriage. 


THE  ARABIAN  TAJ.E. 

11.  In  the  dusk  of  the  evening, 
Baba  Mustapha  relates  to  the  two 
robbers   in   succession,  who    had 
been  employed  to  dete_ct  Ali  Baba, 
the   story  of  his  having  sewed  a 
dead  body  together  ;   and,  blind- 
fold, himself  conducts  each  of  them 
to  Ali  Baba's  door. 

12.  The  two  robbers  successively 
mark  the  house  of  Ali  Baba  with 
chalk  ;  but  his  female  slave  baffles 
them  by  putting  a  similar  mark  on 
the  other  houses,  in  consequence 
of  which  they  are  put  to  death  in- 
stead of  her  master. 

13.  Ali   Baba,   saved   from   the 
robber  captain's   designs   by   the 


female  slave,  gives  her 
freedom,  and  marries  her  to  his 
son. 


courage  and  ingenuity  of  Morgi- 
aua,  his 


Here,  then,  are  above  a  dozen  striking  coin- 
cidences in  this  one  example ;  and  they  are  given 
with  but  slight  dislocation  or  transposition.  Other 
examples  might  be  adduced,  but  I  must  reserve 
them  for  another  communication. 

J.  W.  THOMAS. 

Dewsbury. 


LA.  ROCHEFOUCAULD. 

Meeting  occasionally,  in  reading  new  French 
works  and  journals,  with  sentiments  and  criticisms 
by  eminent  living  writers  on  the  characteristic 
peculiarities  of  some  of  the  most  distinguished 
French  authors  of  the  age  of  Louis  XIV.  and 
subsequently,  perhaps  you  will  allow  me  to  send 
you,  from  time  to  time,  "  notes  "  or  extracts  from 
the  criticisms  alluded  to,  in  case  you  should  be  of 
opinion  that  they  may  be  agreeable  to  some  of 
your  readers,  who  may  not  be  aware  of  the 
healthier  and  more  Christian  tone  that  now  per- 
vades one,  at  least,  of  the  most  influential  organs 
of  public  opinion  in  France.  Let  us  begin  with 
La  Rochefoucauld,  as  recently  reviewed  in  the 
Journal  des  Debate.  J.  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 

"  La  Rochefoucauld. 

"  Pourquoi  La  Rochefoucauld  m'inspire-t-il  une  re"- 
pugnance  invincible?  Pourquoi  cette  souffrance  en  le 
lisant  ?  Ah  !  le  voici,  je  crois.  La  morale  de  La 
Rochefoucauld  c'est  la  morale  Chretienne,  moins,  si  je 
puis  m'exprimer  ainsi,  le  Christianisme  lui-meme ; 
e'est  tout  ce  qui  pent  humilier  et  abattre  le  coeur  dans 
la  severe  doctrine  de  1'Evangile,  moins  ce  qui  le  re- 
leve  ;  c'est  toutes  les  illusions  de"truites  sans  les  espe- 
rances  qui  remplacent  les  illusions.  En  un  mot,  dans 
le  Christianisme  La  Rochefoucauld  n'a  pris  que  le 
dogme  de  la  chute  ;  il  a  laisse  le  dogme  de  la  redemp- 
tion. En  faisant  briller  un  cote  du  flambeau,  celui 
qui  desenchante  1'homme  de  lui-meme,  il  eclipse 
1'autre,  celui  qui  montre  a  1'homme  dans  le  ciel  sa 
force,  son  appui,  et  1'espoir  d'une  regeneration.  La 
Rochefoucauld  ne  croit  pas  plus  a  la  saintete  qu'a  la 
sagesse,  pas  plus  a  Dieu  qu'a  1'homme.  Le  penitent 
n'est  pas  moins  vain  a  ses  yeux  que  le  philosophe. 
Partout  1'orgueil,  partout  le  moi,  sous  la  haire  du 
Trappiste,  comme  sous  le  manteau  du  cynique. 


"  La  Rochefoucauld  n'est  Chretien  que  pour  pour- 
suivre  notre  pauvre  cocur  j usque  dans  ses  derniers  re- 
tranchemens;  il  n'est  Chretien  que  pour  Terser  son 
poison  sur  nos  joies  et  sur  nos  reves  les  plus  chers.  .  .  . 
Que  reste-t-il  done  a  1'homme  ?  Pour  les  ames  fortes, 
il  ne  reste  rien  qu'un  froid  et  intrepide  mepris  de 
toutes  choses,  un  sec  et  sto'ique  contentement  a  en- 
visager  le  neant  absolu  ;  pour  les  autres,  le  desespoir 
ou  les  jouissances  brutales  du  plaisir  comme  derniere 
fin  de  la  vie  ! 

"  Et  voila  ce  que  je  deteste  dans  La  Rochefoucauld  t 
Get  ideal  dont  j'ai  soif,  il  le  detruit  partout.  Ce  bien, 
ce  beau,  dont  les  faibles  images  me  ravissent  encore 
sous  la  forme  imparfaite  de  nos  vertus,  de  notre  science, 
de  notre  sagesse  humaine,  il  le  reduit  a  un  sec  interet." 
—  S.  De  Sacy,  Journal  des  Debuts,  Janv.  28. 


SHROPSHIRE    BALLAD. 

Your  correspondent  B.  H.  C.  (Vol.viii.,  p.  614.) 
gives,  from  recollection,  a  Northamptonshire  ver- 
sion of  the  old  "Ballad  of  Sir  Hugh  of  Lincoln."  It 
reminded  me  of  a  similar,  though  somewhat  varied, 
version  which  I  took  down,  more  than  forty  years 
ago,  from  the  lips  of  a  nurse-maid  in  Shropshire. 
It  may  interest  the  author  of  The  Celt,  the  Roman, 
and  the  Saxon,  to  know  that  it  was  recited  in  the 
place  of  his^birth.  Its  resemblance  to  the  ballad 
in  Percy's  Reliques  was  my  inducement  to  commit 
it  to  paper  : 

It  hails,  it  rains,  in  Merry- Cock  land, 

It  hails,  it  rains,  both  great  and  small, 

And  all  the  little  children  in  Merry-Cock  land, 

They  have  need  to  play  at  ball. 

They  toss'd  the  ball  so  high, 

They  toss'd  the  ball  so  low, 

Amongst  all  the  Jews'  cattle 

And  amongst  the  Jews  below. 

Out  came  one  of  the  Jews'  daughters 

Dressed  all  in  green. 

"  Come,  my  sweet  Saluter, 

And  fetch  the  ball  again." 

"  I  durst  not  come,  I  must  not  come, 

Unless  all  my  little  playfellows  come  along, 

For  if  my  mother  sees  me  at  the  gate, 

She'll  cause  my  blood  to  fall." 

She  show'd  me  an  apple  as  green  as  grass, 

She  show'd  me  a  gay  gold  ring, 

She  show'd  me  a  cherry  as  red  as  blood, 

And  so  she  entic'd  me  in. 

She  took  me  in  the  parlour, 

She  took  me  in  the  kitchen, 

And  there  I  saw  my  own  dear  nurse 

A  picking  of  a  chicken. 

She  laid  me  down  to  sleep, 

With  a  Bible  at  my  head,  and  a  Testament  at  my 

feet ; 

And  if  my  playfellows  come  to  quere  for  me, 
Tell  them  I  am  asleep.  S.  P.  Q- 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


321 


"OF    THE    BENEFIT    OF    THE    DEATH   OF    CHRIST, 
BY    AONIO   PALEARIO. 

The  total,  or  almost  total,  disappearance  of 
books  at  one  time  largely  circulated,  is  a  curious 
fact  in  the  history  of  literature.  One  cause  of  it 
may  be  found  in  the  efforts  made  by  the  Church  of 
Rome  to  suppress  those  works  which  were  sup- 
posed to  contain  unsound  doctrine. 

"  Heretical  books,"  says  Mr.  T.  B.  Macaulay,  "  were 
sought  out  and  destroyed  with  unsparing  rigour. 
Works  which  were  once  in  every  house,  were  so  effec- 
tually suppressed,  that  no  copy  of  them  is  now  to  be 
found  in  the  most  extensive  libraries.  One  book  in 
particular,  entitled  Of  the  Benefit  of  the  Death  of  Christ, 
had  this  fate.  It  was  written  in  Tuscan,  was  many 
times  reprinted,  and  was  eagerly  read  in  every  part  of 
Italy.  But  the  inquisitors  detected  in  it  the  Lutheran 
doctrine  of  justification  by  faith  alone.  They  proscribed 
it ;  and  it  is  now  as  utterly  lost  as  the  second  decade  of 
Livy" 

This  book  was  published  without  a  name.  But 
the  author  was  Aonio  Paleario.  It  was  trans- 
lated into  various  languages,  as  French,  Spanish, 
English,  and  possibly  others ;  and  within  six  years 
after  its  first  appearance,  40,000  copies  are  said  to 
have  been  circulated. 

A  few  years  ago  I  was  fortunate  enough  to 
meet  with  a  copy  of  the  English  version,  which 
was  made  from  the  French,  not  from  the  original. 
This  copy  was  printed  in  1638,  and  was,  according 
to  the  title-page,  the  fourth  (English)  edition. 
From  it  I  edited  the  work,  prefixing  a  short  notice 
of  the  author,  and  verifying  the  references  to  the 
Fathers.  It  was  subsequently  retranslated  into 
Italian,  and  has,  I  am  informed,  been  much  read  in 
Italy.  Some  time  after  this  publication,  I  became 
aware  of  the  existence  of  a  copy  (in  private  hands) 
of  the  apparently  first  English  edition,  bearing  the 
date  of  1573.  This  I  was  allowed  to  inspect :  and 
I  hope  hereafter  to  put  forth  another  edition,  in 
which  the  text  of  this  copy  will  be  followed,  and 
two  or  three  inaccuracies  which  had  crept  into 
the  former  impression  will  be  corrected. 

I  was,  however,  ignorant  that  a  single  copy  of 
the  original  Italian  existed;  and  all  inquiry  for  it 
seemed  to  be  vain.  But  one  was  near  at  hand, 
preserved  with  diligent  care  among  the  literary 
treasures  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  by  the 
authorities  there,  who  were  well  aware  of  its 
rarity  and  value.  By  their  obliging  permission,  I 
was  a  few  days  ago  permitted  to  examine  it. 

It  is  a  small  square  16mo.,  bound,  in  beautiful 
condition,  measuring  about  4£  inches  by  3,  and 
containing  seventy-two  pages.  The  following  is 
the  title-page : 

"  Trattato  vtilissimo  del  beneficio  di  Giesv  Christo 
crocifisso,  verso  i  Christian!.  Venetiis,  Apud  Ber- 
nardinum  de  Bindonis.  Anno  Do.  M.D.XXXXIII." 

From  the  date,  it  seems  to  be  the  first  edition. 


There  is  an  address 

"  Alii  Lettori  Christian!. 

"  Essendoci  venuta  alle  mani  un'  opera  delle  piu  pi* 
e  dotte,  che  a  nostri  tempi  si  siano  fatte,  il  titolo  dell*, 
quale  e,  Del  beneficio  di  Giesu  Christo  crocifisso  verso 
i  Christiani  :  ci  e  paruto  a  consolatione  e  utilita 
vostra  darla  I  istampa,  e  senza  il  nome  dello  scrittore, 
accioche  piu  la  cosa  vi  muova,  che  1*  autorita  dell' 
autore." 

This  most  curious  volume  has  been  for  upwards 
of  a  century  in  the  library  of  St.  John's  College, 
as  the  following  printed  notice,  pasted  within  the 
cover,  will  show : 

"  In  grati  animi  testificationem,  ob  plurima  Huma- 
nitatis  officia,  a  Collegio  Divi  Joannis  Evangelistae 
apud  Cantabrigienses  rnultifariam  collata,  librum  hunc 
inter  alios  lectissimos  eidem  collegio  legavit  Illustris- 
simus  Vir,  Dominicus  Antonius  Ferrari,  J.  U.  D. 
Neapolitanus,  1744. 

"  Teste, 

"J.  CREYK." 

But  this  is  not  all.  The  College  is  happy  enough 
to  possess  a  copy  of  the  rare  French  translation  of 
the  same  book.  This  is  somewhat  larger  in  size 
than  the  original  Italian,  and  consists  of  sixty-four 
leaves.  It  contains,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  title- 
page,  some  additional  matter : 

"  Dv  benefice  de  lesvs  Christ  crvcifie,  envers  les 
Chrestiens.  Traduict  de  vulgaire  Italien,  en  langage 
Fran£oys.  Plus,  Vne  Traduction  de  la  huytiesme 
Homelie  de  sainct  lean  Chrysostome,  De  la  femme 
Cananee  :  mise  de  Latin  en  Fran9oys.  Venez  a  moy 
vous  tous  qui  trauaillez  et  estes  chargez,  et  ie  vous  sou- 
lageray,  1552." 

There  is  an  address  by  the  French  translator : 
"Le  traducteur  a  tous  les  Chrestiens  qui  sont 
dessoubz  le  ciel,  Salut;"  and  at  the  end  of  the 
volume  is  a  "  Traduction  du  Psalme  xxxiv."  The 
French  version  is  said  to  have  been  first  published 
in  1545.  This  therefore  is  not,  it  would  seem,  the 
earliest  edition. 

This  volume  also,  it  may  be  added,  was  given 
to  the  College  by  Ferrari.  J.  AYRE. 

Hampstead. 


gfttun: 


Stone  Chisels. — I  saw  recently  an  oviform  stone 
implement  which  had  been  found  on  the  granite 
moors  of  North  Cornwall,  and  apparently  had  been 
used  as  a  pickaxe  in  mining.  The  following  no- 
tice shows  that  such  implements  were  used  by  the 
ancient  miners  in  the  Lake  Superior  district : 

"  The  explorers  are  now  much  aided  by  these  guiding 
features,  also  by  pits,  which  indicate  where  an  ancient 
race — probably  the  Aztecs  or  Toltecs — have  carried 
on  their  superficial  operations  on  the  veins.  Some  of 
those  I  saw  were  twenty  or  thirty  feet  deep,  which 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  232. 


must  have  been  the  result  of  much  labour,  considering 
their  tools  —  the  only  trace  of  which  we  find  in  the  shape 
of  oviformed  stones,  with  a  groove  round  the  centre  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  a  handle,  then  to  be  used  as  a  ham- 
mer to  shatter  the  vein  stone  after  it  probably  had  been 
reduced  by  the  action  of  fire  and  water  on  the  calca- 
reous matter  entering  into  its  composition.  In  favour 
of  this  conjecture,  quantities  of  charcoal  have  been 
found  in  the  bottom  of  some  of  these  pits,  which  are 
almost  effaced  by  the  accumulation  of  timber  decayed 
and  foliage  of  ages  past." — •  From  a  letter  in  the  Mining 
Journal,  Jan.  7,  1854. 

S.  R.  PATTISON. 

Acrostic. — I  send  you  a  very  curious  acrostic, 
copied  from  a  monument  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Germans,  Cornwall.  You  will  perceive  that  it 
is  in  memory  of  "  Johannes  Glanvill,  Minister  ;" 
and  it  is  surmounted  with  the  arms  of  that  ancient 
family  : 


A.D. 

1599. 
24to 
Novembr 
natus  est. 

ARMS. 

A.D. 

1631. 

20mo 

Octob' 
denatus. 

I  nditur  in  gelidum 
O  mnibus  irriguus 
H  ujus  erit  vivax 
A  rtibus  et  linguis 
N  obis  ille  novae 
N  aviter  et  graviter 
E  rgo  relanguenti 
S  piritus  ',    aeternum 

G  regis  hujus  opilio  bustu     M, 
L  achrymis  simul  urbis  et  agr  I. 
A  tque  indelebile,  nome           N, 
N  ecnon  virtute  probat             I. 
V  atem  (pro  munere)  legi       S 
I  ucunde  et  suaviter  egi         T. 
L  icet  eluctetur  ab  or              E 
L  ucebit  totus  ut  aste             R. 

W.  D.  F. 


Walton. 


Simmels.  —  The  Vienna  correspondent  of  The 
Times,  whose  letter  from  "  Vienna,  March  5th," 
appeared  in  that  paper  on  Friday  the  10th,  men- 
tions a  Viennese  loaf,  the  name  of  which  so 
strongly  resembles  the  simmel  of  our  ancestors  as 
to  deserve  a  Note  : 

"  The  Viennese  witlings,  who  are  much  inclined  to 
abuse  the  hyperbole,  affirm  that  a  magnifying  glass  will 
soon  be  requisite  in  order  to  discover  the  whereabouts 
of  the  semmeln,  the  little  wheaten  loaves  for  which 
Austria  is  famous." 

W.  J.  T, 

Ogborne's  History  of  Essex. — I  lately  fell  in 
with  (at  a  marine  store-shop  in  Somers  Town) 
some  scattered  materials  in  Mrs.  Ogborne's  hand- 
writing for  the  above  highly  interesting  but  un- 
finished work.  I  have  not  yet  sorted  them,  but 
I  perceive  that  the  MSS.  contain  some  informa- 
tion that  was  never  published,  relating  to  Roch- 
ford  Hundred,  &c.  The  shopkeeper  stated  that 
she  had  used  the  greater  part  of  Mrs.  Ogborne's 
papers  as  waste-paper,  but  I  am  not  without 
hopes  that  she  will  find  more.  There  is  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Leman  of  Bath,  which  is  published  in 
the  work.  I  am  aware  that  Mr.  Fossett  has  Mrs. 


Ogborne's  MSS. ;  but  those  now  in  my  possession 
are  certainly  interesting,  and  might  be,  to  some 
future  historian  of  Essex,  even  valuable.  Should 
I  discover  anything  worth  inserting  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
on  examining  the  MSS.  I  will  send  it.  G.  I.  S. 

Fleas  and  Bugs.  —  Has  the  following  explana- 
tion of  an  old  saying  ever  been  brought  forward, 
and  is  it  satisfactory  ?  When  a  person  is  sent  off 
"  with  a  flea  in  his  ear,"  the  luckless  applicant  is 
peremptorily  dismissed  with  an  imperative  "  flee," 
with  the  word  "flee"  sounding  in  his  ear,  or,  face- 
tiously, "  with  &  flea  in  his  ear." 

Apropos  of  proverbial  domestic  entomology,  is 
there  more  than  lies  on  the  surface  in  the  elegant 
simile  "  As  snug  as  a  bug  in  a  rug  ?"  A  rough 
variety  of  dog  was  termed  a  "  rug"  in  Shakspeare's 
time ;  quartered  on  which,  the  insect  might  find 
good  entertainment — a  plentiful  board,  as  well  as  a 
snug  lodging.  It  appears,  however,  that  the  name 
has  not  long  been  applied  to  the  Cimex,  so  that 
the  saying  may  be  of  greater  antiquity,  and  relate 
to  bugbears.  C.  T. 

Zeuxis  and  Parrhasius. — In  the  Preface  to  Mr. 
Grote's  History  of  Greece,  there  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing passage  : 

"  If  the  reader  blame  me  for  not  assisting  him  to 
determine  this  —  if  he  ask  me  why  I  do  not  undraw 
the  curtain,  and  disclose  the  picture?  —  I  reply  in  the 
words  of  the  painter  Zeuxis,  when  the  same  question 
was  addressed  to  him  on  exhibiting  his  master-piece 
of  imitative  art :  '  The  curtain  is  the  picture.'  " 

Compare  this  with  Pliny,  Nat.  Hist.  xxxv.  36. 
§  3. ;  from  which  it  appears  that  Parrhasius,  not 
Zeuxis,  painted  the  curtain.  ARCH.  WEIR. 

Cure  for  Hydrophobia.  —  A  gentleman  named 
Monsell,  who  lived  at  Kilrush  in  the  county  Clare, 
possessed  a  cure  for  hydrophobia  which  was  never 
known  to  fail.  He  required  that  the  patient 
should  be  brought  to  him  within  nine  days  from 
the  time  of  being  bitten,  and  his  first  proceeding 
was  to  cause  the  person  to  look  in  a  looking-glass 
or  pail  of  water  :  if  the  patient  bore  that  trial 
without  showing  any  uneasiness,  he  declared  that 
there  was  no  doubt  of  his  being  able  to  effect  a 
cure.  He  then  retired  to  another  room,  leaving 
the  patient  alone  for  a  short  time ;  and  when  he 
returned,  he  brought  two  bits  of  cheese  which  he 
said  contained  the  remedy,  and  caused  the  person 
to  swallow  them.  He  then  desired  that  the  pa- 
tient should  return  home,  and  for  nine  days  fre- 
quently drink  a  few  sips  of  water ;  and  also  take 
opportunities  to  look  at  water  or  a  looking-glass, 
so  as  to  accustom  the  nerves  to  be  under  control. 
I  knew  a  case  of  a  peasant  girl,  who  was  bitten  by 
a  mad  dog,  and  who  had  to  be  brought  to  him 
tied  on  a  car,  whom  he  cured.  The  dog,  before 
he  was  killed,  bit  several  valuable  dogs,  all  of 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


323 


which  had  to  be  destroyed ;  he  also  bit  two  pigs,  | 
which,  after  showing  most  frightful  symptoms  of  : 
hydrophobia,  had  to  be  shot  and  their  flesh  burned. 
Mr.  Monsell  always  refused  to  declare  what  his 
remedy  was,  "  lest  it  might  be  used  for  anything 
but  a  human  being."     It  would  appear  that  in  a  j 
great  measure  he  worked  on  the  imagination  of 
his  patients :    still  some  other  means  may  have 
been  used,  and,  as  he  has  been  dead  some  time,  it 
is  to  be  hoped  he  did  not  let  his  secret  die  with 
him.     He  never   would   take   any   remuneration 
from  those  he  cured,  or  their  friends.     I  never 
heard  any  person  in  that  part  of  the  country  ex- 
press the  least  doubt  of  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy 
he  used.  FRANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 

The  "  Fusion."  —  Is  it  generally  known  that 
there  exists,  between  the  two  branches  of  the 
Bourbons,  a  much  nearer  relationship  than  that 
which  arises  from  their  common  descent  from 
Louis  XIII.  ?  The  Duchess  de  Berri  was  niece 
to  Louis-Philippe's  queen  :  so  that  the  Due  de 
Bordeaux  and  the  Comte  de  Paris  are  second 
cousins.  E.  H.  A. 


tihttrCnt. 

LYRA'S  COMMENTARY. 

I  possess  a  copy  of  the  Textus  biblie  cu  Glossa 
ordinaria  Nicolai  de  lyra  postilla  Pauli  Brugesis 
Additioibus  Matthie  Thoring  Replicis,  in  6  volumes 
folio,  printed  at  Basle  in  the  years  1506-8.  The 
binding  is  of  oak  boards  and  calf  leather,  stamped 
with  a  very  spirited  design  composed  of  foliated 
borders,  surrounding,  on  the  right  cover,  six  im- 
pressions from  a  die  three  inches  high  by  one  and 
three  quarters  wide,  consisting  of  a  narrow  border 
enclosing  a  human  figure,  who  bears  in  his  left 
hand  a  knotted  staff  as  high  as  himself,  while  in 
the  right  he  holds  a  bag  or  scrip  containing  many 
balls  (perhaps  stones  or  fruit),  which  hangs  over 
his  shoulder.  Under  the  right  arm  he  carries  a 
sword,  and  on  the  wrist  a  wicker  basket.  The 
lower  limbs  of  this  strange  being  are  clad  in  loose 
garments,  like  to  a  modern  pair  of  trousers,  with 
a  large  ragged  hole  on  each  knee.  The  feet  are 
not  seen,  as  he  is  behind  a  fence  composed  of  in- 
terlaced branches  of  trees.  To  complete  the  pic- 
ture, the  head,  which  is  much  too  large  for  the 
body,  has  no  other  covering  but  crisped  hair. 

On  the  left  cover  are  four  impressions  of  a  die 
three  inches  high  by  two  wide,  on  which  are  six 
animals  whose  kinds  it  is  difficult  to  determine 
with  certainty ;  the  two  upper  possibly  may  be 
horses,  the  middle  a  bird  and  a  monkey,  the  lower 
a  lion  and  a  dog.  The  animals  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  running  pattern  composed  of 
branches,  leaves,  and  flowers,  and  are  surrounded 


by  a  frame,  on  which  is  the  following  in  black- 
letter  : 

"  DEUS    DET    NOBIS    SUAM    PACEM 

ET    POST    MORTEM    U1TAM    ETERNAM." 

The  clasps  have  engraven  on  them,  in  the  same 
character,  — 

"  LIB    DNS    ET    MGER    JOANN1S    VAM    MERE." 

On  the  title-page,  slightly  varied  in  each  volume, 
is  the  following  inscription,  in  a  hand  not  much 
later  than  the  publication  of  the  book  : 

"  Liber  M.  Joachimi  Moller  ex  testamento  M.  Jo- 
lianis  vain  mer  optim  et  maximus  deus  illius  anime 
misereatur.  Amen." 

I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any  one  who  will 
explain  to  me  the  figures  on  the  cover,  which, 
doubtless,  have  some  legendary  or  symbolic  mean- 
ing ;  and  also  give  me  any  notes  or  references 
concerning  either  of  the  former  possessors  of  the 
book,  both  of  whom  have,  I  believe,  enriched  it 
with  manuscript  notes.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors,  Messingham, 
Kirton-in-Lindsev. 


jHmor 

Barristers'  Gowns. — What  is  the  meaning  of 
the  lapel,  or  piece  which  hangs  from  the  back  of 
the  barrister's  gown  ?  Has  it  any  particular 
name  ?  In  shape  it  is  very  similar  to  the  repre- 
sentations we  see  in  pictures  of  the  "  cloven, 
tongues."  It  is  not  improbable  that  it  may  be 
intended  figuratively  to  bear  reference  to  them. 

HENRY  T.  RJLEY. 

«  Charta  Hen.  2.  G.  G.  n.  2.  q."— In  Cowell's 
Law  Dictionary  (ed.  1727),  under  the  word  Lus- 
GUL,  I  find  the  following  reference:  "Charta 
Hen.  2.  G.  G.  n.  2.  q."  I  should  be  much  obliged 
to  any  person  who  would  suggest  for  what  "  G.  G. 
n.  2.  q."  stands.  K. 

Albany  Wallace.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents, familiar  with  the  drama,  tell  me  who  this 
gentleman  was  ?  In  1827,  there  appeared  The 
Death  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  an  historic  drama 
in  five  acts,  by  A.  W.,  Esq.  :  Worthing,  printed 
for  the  author  by  W.  Verrall.  His  name  occurs 
again  on  the  title-page  of  The  Reigns  of  the 
Stuarts  in  England  dramatised.  The  First  Part 
of  King  James  the  First,  a  play  in  five  acts :  Lon- 
don, printed  by  the  author,  at  his  private  press, 
Queen  Ann  Street,  1835. 

I  naturally  turned  up  Mr.  Martin's  Privately 
Printed  Books,  but  neither  our  dramatist  nor  his 

Sess  is  there  alluded  to.     Touching  the  latter, 
r.  Wallace  says  in  his  preface,  — 

"  A  certain  picture  was  said  by  a  connoisseur  to  be 
'  very  well  painted  for  a  gentleman  /'  a  species  of  nega- 


324 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  232. 


tive  praise  which  gave  but  little  satisfaction  to  the 
artist.  Should  the  amateur  printer,  however,  meet 
with  as  much,  he  will  be  very  well  contented.  All  he 
can  himself  say  for  his  work  is  'that  it  is  legible  ;'  and 
his  type  being  of  a  pretty  tolerable  rotundity,  he  does 
not  think  it  will  need  an  additional  pair  of  spectacles 
to  be  made  out." 

I  am  farther  desirous  of  knowing  if,  in  pursu- 
ance of  his  plan,  Mr.  Wallace  dramatised  any  more 
of  the  Stuarts  ?  J.  D. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton.  —  In  Dr.  M'Neile's 
Lecture  on  the  Jews  and  Judaism,  Feb.  14,  1854, 
the  four  rules  given  by  Leslie  as  a  test  of  his- 
torical truth  are  thus  quoted  : 

"  1.  That  the  matter  of  fact  be  such  that  men's  out- 
ward senses,  their  ears  and  eyes,  may  be  judges  of  it. 

"  2.  That  it  be  done  publicly,  in  the  face  of  the  world. 

"  3.  That  not  only  public  monuments  be  kept  in 
memory  of  it,  but  also  that  some  outward  actions  be 
statedly  performed. 

"4.  That  such  observances  be  instituted,  and  do 
commence,  from  the  time  at  which  such  matter  of  fact 
is  done. 

"  It  is  said  that  Dr.  Middleton  endeavoured  for 
twenty  years  to  find  out  some  pretended  fact  to  which 
Mr.  Leslie's  four  rules  could  be  applied,  but  in  vain." 

"  It  is  said."     Where ;  when  ;  by  whom  ? 

H.  B.  C. 
U.  U.  Club. 

Star  and  Garter,  Kirbstatt. — What  is  now  a 
large  hotel,  at  Kirkstall  Bridge,  near  to  Kirkstall 
Abbey  in  Yorkshire,  was  many  years  ago  a  mere 
village  roadside  hostel,  under  whose  sign  (the  Star 
and  Garter)  was  inscribed  in  Greek  capitals  "  TO 
nPEHON."  How  could  such  an  inscription  have 
got  into  such  a  place  ?  Could  it  have  been  the 
suggestion  of  some  "  learned  clerke"  of  the  neigh- 
bouring monastery,  as  more  suited  to  the  genius 
of  the  vicinity  than  the  ordinary  announcement  of 
*'  Good  Entertainment  for  Man''and  Horse  ?  " 

J.  L.  S.,  Sen. 

Shrove  Tuesday. — Happening  to  be  at  New- 
bury  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  I  was  struck  with  the 
tolling  of  the  church  bell  as  for  a  death,  and,  on 
Inquiry,  was  informed  that  such  was  the  custom  o£ 
the  place  on  this  day.  Does  such  a  custom  exist 
anywhere  else,  and  what  is  the  origin  of  it  ? 

NEWBURIENSIS. 

"  Tarbox  for  that" —  On  reading  a  book  of  funny 
stories  some  years  ago  in  the  British  Museum  (a 
sort  of  Joe  Miller  of  Charles  II.'s  time),  when- 
ever any  story  was  given  that  seemed  "  too  good 
to  be  true,"  the  anecdote  ended  with  the  words 
"Tarbox  for  that."  Am  I  right  in  suspecting 
that  this  is  equivalent  to  the  expression,  "  Tell 
that  to  the  marines,"  so  well  known  in  our  day  ? 
"  Tarbox  "  was  probably  a  nickname  for  a  bump- 
kin, or  guardian  of  the  tarbox,  in  which  was 


kept  the  tar  composition  used  for  anointing  sheep. 
Can  anybody  suggest  another  solution  of  the 
meaning  of  this  expression  ?  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 

De  Gurney  Pedigree.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  whether  the  following  pedigree  is  cor- 
rect, so  far  as  it  goes  ? 

1170.  Robert  Fitzhardinge  =  Eva. 
I 


Maurice 


Robert  =  Ha  wisia  de  Gurney. 


1230.  Maurice  =  Alice  de 
Gaunt. 


Henry.*         Matthew  =- 


1269.  Robert  de  Gurney.f 

Who  was  the  father  of  Simon  de  Gaunt,  Bishop, 
of  Salisbury  in  1300  ?  E.  W.  GODWIN. 

"  n«rrw,M  unde  deriv.  —  Scapula  and  Hederic1 
both  give  irtiQw  as  the  root ;  but  by  what  process 
is  TTLCTTIS  so  obtained  ?  What  objection  is  there  to- 
taking  la-T'wi  as  the  root  ?  whence  e^ia-ra/jiai,  tiaras, 
TTHTTOS.  No  doubt  one  of  your  learned  readers  will 
kindly  aid  the  inquiry.  "V. 

Snush. — Wlien  did  this  name  cease  to  be  used 
for  snuff  f  I  think  I  have  met  with  it  as  late  as 
the  reign  of  Queen  Anne.  I  believe  the  Scotch 
call  snuff  snish,  or  snishen.  HENRY  T.  RILEY- 

John  Bale,  Bishop  of  Ossory.  —  A  complete  list 
of  the  works  of  this  voluminous  writer,  giving  the 
titles  in  full,  will  be  thankfully  acknowledged ;. 
also  any  facts  as  to  his  life,  not  generally  known.. 
There  is  a  very  imperfect  list  of  Bale's  Worhs 
given  in  Harris's  Ware's  Bishops,  and  most  of  the 
Biographical  Dictionaries.  JAMES  GRAVES. 

Kilkenny. 

Proxies  for  absent  Sponsors.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  mention  earlier  instances  than  the  follow- 
ing of  the  attendance  of  proxies  in  behalf  of  absent 
sponsors  ? 

"  My  daughter,  Elizabeth  Burrell,  was  born  on, 
Thursday,  25th  June,  1696  .  .  .  She  was  baptized  on 
Monday,  15th  February.  My  brother,  P.  Burrell 
(by  Wm.  Board,  Esq.),  Godfather,  my  Lady  Gee  (by 
my  sister  Parker),  and  my  niece  Jane  Burrell,  God- 
mothers."—  "  Extracts  from  the  Journal  and  Account- 
Book  of  Timothy  Burrell,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law  of 
Ockenden  House,  Cucktield"  (Sussex  Archaeological 
Collections,  vol.  iii.  p.  131.). 

E.  M. 

Hastings. 


*  First    Master   of  the    Hospital   of   St.  Mark    in 
Bristol. 

•{•  Heir  to  Maurice,  his  uncle. 


APEIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


Heraldic  Query.  —  Names  of  the  families  bear- 
ing the  following  coats  of  arms  are  requested : 

1.  Ermine,  on  a  chief  sable,  two  griffins  segre- 
ant  combatant  argent.  Crest,  a  demylyon  affrontee 
or. 

2.  Azure,  a  bend  or,  between  three  spear-heads 
argent.     Crest,  an  armed  arm,  embowed,  grasp- 
ing a  broken  spear. 

3.  Barry  of  six  or  and  sable  (with  quarterings). 
Crest,   on  a   coil   of  rope   a   dog   sable  collared 
argent.  E.  D. 

Christinas  Ballad.  — Perhaps  some  of  your  cor- 
respondents may  be  able  to  throw  some  light 
upon  the  following  verses,  which  are  sung  by  the 
waits  at  Christmas  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Fal- 
jnouth  : 

•*'  Twelve  is  twelve  as  goes  to  hell, 
Eleven  is  eleven  as  goes  to  heaven, 
Ten  is  the  Ten  Commandments, 
Nine  is  nine  so  bright  to  shine, 
Eight  is  the  gable  angels, 
Seven  is  the  seven  stars  of  the  sky, 
.And  six  is  the  six  bold  waiters, 
Five  is  the  flamboys  under  the  bough,  , 

And  four  is  the  Gospel  preachers  ; 
Three  of  them  is  thrivers  (shrivers?), 
T\vo  of  them  is  lilywhite  babes,  and  clothed  all  in 

green  oh  ! 
And  One  is  One,  and  all  alone,  and  ever  more  shall 

be  so." 

That  the  first  line  alludes^  to  the  fate  of  the 
twelfth  apostle  is  evident.  The  meaning  of  the 
second,  third,  sixth,  ninth,  and  last  lines,  is  also 
apparent.  The  others  I  am  quite  at  a  loss  to  ex- 
plain. C.  M.  G. 

Hay-bread  Recipe.  —  The  Query  of  your  cor- 
respondent G.  D.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.)  has  reminded 
me  of  a  question  which  I  wish  to  ask.  By  what 
chemical  process  may  hay  be  converted  into 
bread?  E.  W.  J. 

Te  Deum.  —  We  read  frequently  of  this  hymn 
being  sung  in  the  Russian  Church  after  victories. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  in  what 
language  it  is  used  in  the  Eastern  Churches  ?  It  is, 
I  believe,  generally  admitted  that  it  was  originally 
composed  in  Latin  for  the  use  of  the  Western 
Church;  but  if  the  Emperor  Nicholas,  in  his 
famous  manifesto  (vide  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  585.  655.), 
quotes  from  this  hymn  and  not  from  the  Psalms, 
the  one  being  quite  as  likely  as  the  other,  it 
would  almost  appear  that  the  Latin  version,  is  the 
one  whh.  which  he  is  the  most  familiar. 

HONOKE  DE  MABEVILLE. 

Guernsey. 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots  at  Aucliincas.  —  Auchin- 
cas  is  an  interesting  ruin  on  the  bank  of  the 
Evan  in  Dumfriesshire,  the  residence  of  Randolph, 


Earl  of  Murray,  Regent  of  Scotland  in  1329.  I 
have  heard  a  tradition  to  the  effect  that  when 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots  was  fleeing  towards  Eng- 
land, she  paused  to  rest  here.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  confirm  or  contradict  this  tradition  ? 

And  can  any  of  them  furnish  farther  particu- 
lars regarding  the  history  of  the  same  castle,  in 
addition  to  those  given  in  the  ordinary  gazetteers, 
and  in  Black's  Guide  to  Moffat  ¥  ANNANDALE. 

Right  of  Refuge  in  the  Church  Porch.  —  In  one 
of  J.  H.  Parker's  Parochial  Tales,  a  custom  is 
spoken  of  as  existing  at  the  present  time  in  Nor- 
folk, by  which  every  parishioner  has  a  right  to 
make  the  church  porch  his  temporary  home  until 
he  can  find  a  lodging  elsewhere.  Is  this  a  fact  ? 
In  the  parish  register  of  Flamstead,  Herts,  is  an 
entry  under  the  year  1578,  of  the  burial  of  a  child 
and  its  father,  "wh  bothe  died  in  ye  church 
porche."  CHEVERELLS. 

Christopher  Lemying  of  Burneston. — The  un- 
dersigned would  be  obliged  to  any  of  the  readers 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  who  would  furnish  him  with  the 
names  of  the  children  and  grandchildren  of  Chris- 
topher Lemying  of  Burneston,  nigh  Lemying,  in 
Richmondshire,  com.  York,  who  lived  about 
A.D.  1600  and  1640  ?  And  also  with  any  informa- 
tion concerning  the  births  and  deaths  of  the  same  ? 
The  Heralds'  Visitations  for  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury would  probably  afford  the  information,  but 
the  writer  has  no  access  to  them  at  present. 

C.  P.  L. 

Ralph  Ashton  the  Commander. — Your  answer 
to  my  inquiry  relative  to  "  Isabella,  the  wife  of 
Ralph  the  Commander"  (Ashton,  Vol.  ix.,  p.  272.), 
induced  me  to  refer  to  the  work  you  quoted, 
Baines's  Lancashire ;  but  in  the  list  of  her  sons  I 
did  not  find  named  one  who  is  mentioned  in  the  an- 
cient document  I  have  spoken  of,  namely,  "James, 
the  son  of  Isabel,  the  wife  of  Ralph  the  Com- 
mander." Did  she  survive  her  husband  and  marry 
a  second  time  ;  and,  if  so,  what  was  his  name  ?  I 
ask  this  because,  probably,  that  would  be  the  name 
of  the  son  here  alluded  to.  A  reply  to  this  Query 
would  oblige  *  JAYTEE. 


foftf) 

Roman  Roads  in  England.  —  Whose  is  the  best 
treatise  on  the  Roman  roads  in  England  ? 

PRESTONIENSIS. 

[Although   the   credit   and   fidelity    of  Richard  of 
Cirencester   have  frequently    been   attacked,    still,   as 


[*  We  cannot  discover  that  Elizabeth  Kaye,  the  wife 
of  Ralph  the  Commander,  married  the  second  time. 
See  Burke's  Extinct  Baronetcies,  pp.  21.  285.,  ed.  1838. 
—  En.] 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Mo.  232. 


Gibbon  remarks,  "  he  shows  a  genuine  knowledge  of 
antiquity  very  extraordinary  for  a  monk  of  the  four- 
teenth century."  In  1809,  an  edition  was  published 
in  London,  entitled  The  Description  of  Britain,  trans- 
lated from  Ricardus  of  Cirencester,  with  the  original 
treatise  De  Situ  Britannia,  with  a  map  and  a  fac-simile 
of  the  MS.,  as  well  as  a  Commentary  on  the  Itinerary. 
It  has  been  reprinted  in  the  Six  Old  English  Chro- 
nicles in  Bohn's  Antiquarian  Library,  but  without  the 
map.  The  Itinerary  contains  eighteen  journeys,  which 
Richard  says  he  compiled  from  certain  fragments 
written  by  a  Roman  general,  and  from  Ptolemy  and 
other  authors.  He  mentions  176  stations,  while  An- 
toninus has  only  113.Q 

Inscription  on  the  Brass  of  Sir  G.  Felbrigge.  — 
Can  any  of  your  numerous  correspondents  afford 
me  an  explanation  of  the  following  fragment  of  an 
inscription  from  the  brass  of  Sir  George  Felbrigge, 
Playford,  Suffolk?  Each  word  is  separated  by 
the  letter  ;jtH,  and  a  demi-rose  conjoined.  The 
part  enclosed  in  brackets  is  now  lost,  but  was  re- 
maining in  Gough's  time  : 

"  Futida  de  per  a  dieu  loange  et  dieu  pur  lalme  de 
lui  al  [dieu  quil  est  pete  ei(t)  ceste]." 

This  is  the  order  in  which  the  words  now  stand ; 
but  as  they  are  quite  unintelligible,  and  the  fillet 
shows  evident  signs  of  having  been  broken  in 
several  places,  we  may  reasonably  suppose  that 
they  were  misplaced  when  the  brass  was  moved 
from  its  original  slab.  The  principal  word,  about 
which  I  am  in  difficulty,  is  pete.  Can  it  be  the 
same  as  "  pitie  ?"  If  so,  I  venture  to  suggest  the 
following  explanation,  till  some  one  may  offer  me 
a  better : 

"  .  .  .  Jils  de  pere  qui  funda  ceste  place,  a  dieu 
est  loange  et  qu'il  eit  pitie,  priez  pur  Palme  de  lui  a 
dieu." 

The  words  printed  in  Italics  are  supplied  to  com- 
plete the  sense.  F.  G. 

[Perhaps  the  following  words  in  Italics  may  be  sup- 
plied for  those  obliterated  :  "  Ceste  Chaunterie  estait 
fonde  de  part  de  George  Felbrigge,  Chr.  A  Dieu  soit 
loange  et  gloire  .  .  .  priez  pur  1'asme  de  lui  a  Dieu  quil 
eit  pite  ..." 

The  following  notice  of  the  destruction  of  this  beau- 
tiful brass  is  given  in  Davy's  Suffolk  Collections,  Add: 
MSS.  19,086.  p.  342.  :  "  The  brass  in  memory  of  Sir 
George  Felbrigge,  which  had  for  a  long  time  been 
covered  by  the  pews,  was  three  or  four  years  ago,  in 
consequence  of  some  repairs,  uncovered,  when  the  in- 
cumbent and  his  curate  had  it  torn  from  the  stone,  and 
it.  was  for  some  time  lying  in  pieces  at  the  mercy  of 
any  pilferer.  Mr.  Albert  Way,  the  Director  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  in  Feb.  1844,  wrote  to  me,  to 
ask  what  was  become  of  the  figure;  and,  in  conse- 
quence, as  1  had  not  an  opportunity  of  visiting  the 
church  myself,  I  wrote  to  Mr.  Arthur  Biddell  for  in- 
formation ;  and  the  following  is  a  copy  of  his  answer, 
dated  Feb.  23,  1844  :  '  Felbrigge's  monument  was 
removed,  much  against  my  wishes,  from  its  former 


place  in  the  N.  E.  corner  of  the  church  to  the  chancel 
under  the  communion  table,  where  it  is  fixed  ;  forming 
part  of  the  pavement.  The  broken  pieces  of  brass  are 
again  fixed  in  the  stone ;  but  so  many  of  the  pieces 
were  long  ago  lost,  and  I  think  those  which  were^ 
lately  separated  from  the  stone  are  not  placed  in  their 
original  position  :  so,  except  the  figure,  there  is  little 
remains  to  convey  an  idea  of  the  ornamental  and  beau~ 
tiful  work  by  which  the  figure  was  surrounded.' "] 

Sliipwith.  — 

" «  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  William  Skipwith,  Ba- 
ronet, who  deceased  the  25th  of  February,  1764,  aged 
fifty-six  years.  He  descended  from  Sir  Henry  Skip- 
with of  Prestwould,  in  Leicestershire,  created  baronet 
by  King  James  I.,  was  honoured  with  King  Charles  I.'s 
commission  for  raising  men  against  the  usurping 
powers,  and  proved  loyal  to  his  king,  so  that  he  was 
deprived  of  his  estate  by  the  usurper,  which  occasioned 
his  and  his  sons'  death,  except  Sir  Gray  Skipwith, 
grandfather  of  the  abovesaid  Sir  William  Skipwith, 
who  was  obliged  to  come  to  Virginia  for  refuge,  where 
the  family  hath  continued  ever  since.' 

"  Inscription  copied  from  tombstone  of  Sir  William, 
who  lies  buried  at  Greencroft,  near  Petersburg,  Vir- 
ginia."—  See  South.  Messenger,  vol.  ix.  p.  591. 

I  should  be  obliged  for  information  as  to  Sir 
Henry.  T.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia^. 

[Sir  Henry  Skipwith  was  created  a  baronet 
Dec.  20,  1622,  and  in  1629  obtained,  jointly  with  Sir 
Thomas  Walsingham,  Knt.,  a  grant  of  lands  in  the 
counties  of  Leicester,  Derby,  &c.  ;  in  1631  a  grant  of 
free-warren  for  his  lands  in  Leicestershire;  in  1636 
was  high  sheriff  for  the  county  ;  and  in  1637  certain 
amerciaments  against  him  on  account  of  that  office, 
which  had  been  returned  into  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
were  certified  to  the  Court  of  Exchequer.  Heartily 
espousing  the  cause  of  Charles  I.,  he  was  one  of  the 
Commissioners  of  Array  for  this  county,  and  on 
May  28,  1645,  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  his  so- 
vereign at  Cotes,  after  which  he  was  fined  1114Z.  by 
the  parliamentary  sequestrators.  He  was  the  last  of 
the  family  who  resided  at  Cotes ;  and  amongst  his 
poems  is  "  An  Elegy  on  the  Death  of  my  never  enough 
lamented  master,  King  Charles  I."  The  others  are 
chiefly  of  a  melancholy  turn.  Sir  Henry,  his  second 
son,  died  soon  after  his  father,  unmarried  ;  whereupon 
his  title  and  estate  went  to  his  next  brother  Sir  Gray, 
who,  after  the  death  of  the  king,  went  with  several 
other  gentlemen,  to  avoid  the  usurpation,  over  to  Vir- 
ginia, and  there  married,  and  left  one  son.  —  Nichols's 
Leicestershire,  vol.  iii.  p.  367.,  which  also  contains  a 
pedigree  of  the  family.  Consult  also  Lloyd's  Worthies, 
p.  649.] 

College  Battel.  —  What  is  the  derivation  of  a 
word  peculiar  to  the  universities,  battels :  is  it  con- 
nected with  batten  ?  S.  A. 

[In  Todd's  Johnson  we  read,  "  BATTEL,  from  Sax. 
Caelan  or  tellan,  to  count,  or  reckon,  having  the  pre- 
fix be.  The  account  of  the  expenses  of  a  student  in 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


327 


any  college  in  Oxford."  In  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  Aug. 
1792,  p.  716.,  a  correspondent  offers  the  following  pro- 
bable etymology  :  "  It  is  probably  derived  from  the 
German  bezahlen ;  in  Low  German  and  Dutch  bettah- 
len ;  in  Welsh  talz ;  which  signifies  to  pay;  whence 
may  be  derived  likewise  the  English  verb  to  tale,  and 
the  noun  a  tale,  or  score,  if  not  the  corrupted  expres- 
sions to  tell  or  number,  and  to  tally  or  agree""] 

Origin  of  Cluls.  —  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents inform  me  from  whence  the  cognomen 
of  "  club  "  came  to  be  applied  to  select  companies, 
and  which  was  the  first  society  that  bore  that 
title?  F.R.B. 

[Club  is  defined  by  Johnson  to  be  "an  assembly  of 
good  fellows,  meeting  under  certain  conditions."  The 
present  system  of  clubs  may  be  traced  in  its  progres- 
sive steps  from  those  small  associations,  meeting  (as 
clubs  of  a  lower  grade  still  do)  at  a  house  of  public 
entertainment ;  then  we  come  to  a  time  when  the  club 
took  exclusive  possession  of  the  house,  and  strangers 
could  be  only  introduced,  under  regulations,  by  the 
members  ;  in  the  third  stage,  the  clubs  build  houses, 
or  rather  palaces,  for  themselves.  The  club  at  the 
Mermaid  Tavern  in  Friday  Street  was,  according 
to  all  accounts,  the  first  select  company  established, 
and  owed  its  origin  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  who  had 
here  instituted  a  meeting  of  men  of  wit  and  genius, 
previously  to  his  engagement  with  the  unfortunate 
Cobham.  This  society  comprised  all  that  the  age  held 
most  distinguished  for  learning  and  talent,  numbering 
amongst  its  members  Shakspeare,  Ben  Jonson,  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  Selden,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  Donne, 
Cotton,  Carew,  Martin,  and  many  others.  There  it 
was  that  the  "  wit-combats  "  took  place  between  Shak- 
speare and  Ben  Jonson,  to  which,  probably,  Beaumont 
alludes  with  so  much  affection  in  his  letter  to  the  old 
poet,  written  from  the  country  : 

"  What  things  have  we  seen 

Done  at  the  Mermaid  !  heard  words  that  have  been 
So  nimble  and  so  full  of  subtle  flame, 
As  if  that  every  one  from  whom  they  came 
Had  meant  to  put  his  whole  wit  in  a  jest." 

Ben  Jonson  had  another  club,  of  which  he  appears  to 
have  been  the  founder,  held  in  a  room  of  the  old  Devil 
Tavern,  distinguished  by  the  name  of  the  "Apollo." 
It  stood  between  the  Temple  Gates  and  Temple  Bar. 
It  was  for  this  club  that  Jonson  wrote  the  "  Leges 
Convivales,"  printed  among  his  works.] 

Royal  Arms  in  Churches.  —  When  were  the 
Royal  Arms  first  put  up  in  churches  ? 

Are  churchwardens  compelled  to  place  them 
over  the  chancel  arch,  or  in  any  part  of  the  build- 
ing over  which  their  jurisdiction  extends  ? 

In  a  church  without  an  heraldic  coat  of  Royal 
Arms,  can  a  churchwarden,  or  the  incumbent,  refuse 
legally  to  put  up  such  a  decoration,  it  being  the 
gift  of  a  parishioner  ?  AZURE. 

[For  replies  to  AZURE'S  first  Query,  see  our  Sixth 
Volume  passim.  The  articles  at  pp.  227.  and  248.  of 
the  same  volume  incidentally  notice  his  other  queries.] 


Odd  Fellows.  —  What  is  the  origin  of  Odd 
Fellowship  ?  What  gave  rise  to  the  title  of  Odd 
j  Fellows  ?  Are  there  any  books  published  on  the 
subject,  and  where  are  they  to  be  had  ?  Is  there 
any  published  record  of  the  origin  and  progress 
of  the  Manchester  Unity  ?  C.  F.  A.  W. 

[Our  correspondent  should  consult  The  Odd  Fellows 
Magazine,  New  Series,  published  Quarterly  by  order 
of  the  Grand  Master  and  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Manchester  Unity  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows.  We  have  only  seen  vols.  i.  to  vii.,  which  ap- 
peared between  1828  and  1842.  Perhaps  some  of  our 
readers  may  wish  to  know  what  is  an  Odd  Fellow. 
Take  the  following  description  of  one  as  given  in 
vol.  iv.  p.  287. :  "  He  is  like  a  fox  for  cunning  ;  a  dove 
for  tameness  ;  a  lamb  for  innocence  ;  a  lion  for  bold- 
ness ;  a  bee  for  industry  ;  and  a  sheep  for  usefulness. 
This  is  an  Odd  Fellow  according  to  Odd  Fellow- 
ship."] 

Governor- General  of  India.  —  Will  some  of 
your  learned  readers  be  good  enough  to  inform 
me  upon  what  authority  the  present  Governor- 
General  of  India  is  styled,  in  all  official  notices, 
"  The  Most  Noble  ?"  I  have  always  understood 
the  style  of  a  Marquis  to  be  "  Most  Honorable." 

NOVICE. 

[Official  notices  from  public  departments  are  fre- 
quently incorrect  in  reference  to  the  styles  of  persons. 
The  style  of  a  Marquis  is  only  Most  Honorable,  that  of 
Duke  'Most  Noble.'} 

Precedence.  —  Supposing  an  earl's  daughter 
marries  a  commoner,  do  her  children  by  him  take 
precedence  as  the  earl's  grandchildren  ?  SNOB. 

[The  children  take  only  the  precedence  derived 
from  their  paternal  status.] 


MARMOBTINTO,    OB    SAND-PAINTING. 

(VoLix.,  p.  217.) 

Mr.  Haas,  a  native  of  Bibrach,  in  Germany, 
was  accustomed  to  lay  claim  to  the  invention  of 
sand-painting ;  and  would  often  with  a  little  pride 
repeat  to  his  friends  the  way  in  which  it  was  first 
suggested  to  his  mind.  Simply  this  :  —  Once,  while 
he  was  engaged  ornamenting  a  plateau  with  an 
elaborate  and  rich  design,  King  George  III.  en- 
tered the  apartment ;  and  after  having  regarded 
the  design  and  modum  operandi  for  some  con- 
siderable time  in  silence,  exclaimed,  in  an  impa- 
tient manner,  as  if  vexed  that  so  much  beauty 
should  be  so  short-lived :  "  Haas  !  Haas  !  you 
-ought  to  fasten  it."  From  that  moment,  the  artist 
turned  his  ingenuity  to  the  subject:  and  how 
successfully,  his  pictures  show. 

The  remarks  of  F.  C.  H.  as  to  the  mode  of 
painting  are  quite  correct.  The  fixing  of  the 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  232. 


sand  was  the  last  operation,  inasmuch  as  I  have 
heard  of  the  artist's  wrath  visiting  a  poor  pussy 
because  she  had  shaken  a  picture,  and  thereby 
disturbed  the  sand  not  yet  fixed.  The  secret  died 
with  him  and  a  friend,  a  contemporaneous  artist,  to 
whom  I  believe  he  had  communicated  the  secret ; 
this  friend's  name  I  do  not  know.  Mr.  Haas 
painted  landscapes,  the  friend  painted  cattle  pieces. 
I  have  in  my  possession  some  of  Mr.  Haas'  work. 
It  is  beautifully  soft  and  quiet.  The  foliage  is 
fine  in  the  extreme,  withal  a  rich  depth  of  colour- 
ing. The  Welsh  scenery  he  felt  most  at  home  in, 
he  threw  into  it  a  spirit  of  repose :  while  it  was 
bold,  there  was  nothing  harsh  or  offensive  to  the 
eye.  I  have  tried  many  experiments  with  one  of 
his  pictures :  amongst  other  things,  I  find  the 
least  moisture  will  remove  the  sand.  Mr.  Haas 
tad  a  gallery  in  London  for  some  time  (I  believe 
in  Regent  Street),  where  there  were  portraits 
done  in  sand.  A  portrait  of  himself  was  con- 
sidered the  gem  of  the  pictures  :  such  a  vitality 
and  delicacy  of  colouring  did  it  possess.  I  men- 
tion this  merely  to  show  that  sand  could  be  ap- 
plied to  other  branches  of  art  besides  landscapes. 
The  history  of  the  pictures  at  Windsor  Castle  is 
to  be  seen  in  one  of  the  old  Windsor  Guides. 
Mr.  Haas  died  at  Bibrach,  where  doubtless  many 
of  his  pictures  are. 

Sand-paintings  cannot  last  long ;  they  have  in 
themselves  the  element  of  their  own  destruction, 
"  their  rough  surface,"  which  very  soon  collects 
and  retains  the  dust.  I  never  heard  of  their  being 
cleaned.  JOHN  MUMMERY. 

Queenwood  College,  Stockbridge,  Hants. 


O  BRTEN    OF    THOSMOND. 


(Vol.  ix.,  p.  125.) 

In  corroboration  of  my  former  suggestion,  that 
Nicholas  Thosmound  of  Somersetshire  was  an 
O'Brien  of  Thomond,  I  beg  to  add  some  farther 
facts.  Cotemporary  with  him  was  William  Tout- 
mound,  who  obtained  in  the  sixth  year  of  Henry  IV. 
a  grant  of  the  office  (in  England)  of  chief  car- 
penter of  the  king  for  his  life.  This  singular 
office,  "  Capitalis  Carpentarius  Regis,"  must,  I 
suppose,  be  called  Lord  High  Carpenter  of  Eng- 
land, in  analogy  with  the  offices  of  steward,  butler, 
&c.  It  is  mentioned  in  the  Calendar  of  Patent 
Rolls  of  England  at  the  6  Henry  IV. ;  and  in  the 
same  repository  is  mention  of  a  grant  long  before 
by  Henry  III.  of  the  land  of  Tosmond  in  Ireland, 
to  A.  R.  Tosmond  (R  standing,  I  presume,  for 
"Regi,"  for  the  Irish  Toparchs  were  then  thus 
designated  by  the  English  government).  In  this 
case  then  we  have  the  letter  s  used  for  £,  as  in  the 
Inq.  P.  M.  of  Alicia,  wife  of  the  before-mentioned 
Nicholas  Thosmound.  In  the  Abbreviatio  Ro- 
tulorum  Originalium  of  England^  in  15  Edw.  II., 


is  the  expression  "  Regalitatem  de  Totamon,"  ap- 
plied to  the  district  of  Thomond  in  Ireland.  It 
seems  not  unlikely  that  the  two  cotemporary  in- 
dividuals mentioned  above  were  sons  or  grandsons 
of  Turloch,  or  Tirrelagh,  O'Brien,  sovereign  of 
Thomond  from  1367  to  1370,  when  he  was  sup- 
planted by  his  nephew  Brien  O'Brien,  ancestor  of 
the  Marquis  of  Thomond.  For  this  Turloch  was 
in  some  favour  with  the  government,  by  whom  his 
distress  was  sometimes  relieved.  Thus  it  appears 
from  the  printed  calendar  of  Irish  Chancery  Rolls, 
that  a  writ  of  liberate  issued  in  the  4th  Rich.  II. 
for  the  payment  to  him  of  forty  marks ;  and  again, 
5  Rich.  II.,  of  twenty  marks,  "  ei  concord,  p  re- 
compens.  labor."  He  was  much  befriended  by 
the  Earl  of  Desmond,  whose  successor  being  high 
in  favour  with  the  kings  Henry  V.  and  VI.,  ob- 
tained a  large  grant  of  land  in  the  county  of  Wa- 
terford,  which  he  immediately  conferred  on  the 
sons  of  Turloch.  Yet  some  of  those  sons  may, 
through  his  interest,  have  been  established  in 
England.  It  becomes,  therefore,  a  matter  of  con- 
siderable interest  to  ascertain  whether  the  Inq. 
P.  M.  2  Henry  IV.  contains  any  proof  that  Ni- 
cholas Thosmound  was  an  O'Brien. 

While  on  this  subject,  may  I  inquire  the  reason 
why  the  O'Briens  quarter  with  their  own  arms 
the  bearing  @f  three  piles  meeting  in  a  point  ? 
These  latter  were  the  arras  of  the  English  baronial 
family  of  Bryan,  not  at  all  connected  with  the 
Irish  family.  I  suspect  the  Irish  were  late  in  their 
assumption  of  arms,  and  borrowed  in  many  cases 
the  arms  of  English  families  of  nearly  similar 
names.  A.  B. 


CORONATION    STONE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  123.) 

Possibly  the  following  authorities  may  tend  to 
throw  light  upon  the  question  started  by  your 
correspondent. 

In  Ant.  Univ.  Hist,  vol.  xvii.  p.  287.,  4to.  ed., 
London,  1747,  it  is  said : 

"  St.  Austin  tells  us  that  some  of  the  Carthaginian 
divinities  had  the  name  of  Ahaddires,  and  their  priests 
that  of  Eucaddires.  This  class,  in  all  probability,  was 
derived  from  the  stone  which  Jacob  anointed  with  oil, 
after  it  had  served  him  for  a  pillow  the  night  he  had 
his  vision ;  for  in  the  morning  he  called  the  place 
where  he  lay  Bethel.  Now  it  is  no  wonder  this  should 
have  been  esteemed  as  sacred,  since  God  himself  says, 
he  was  the  GOD  OF  BETHEL,  the  place  where  Jacob 
anointed  the  pillar.  From  Bethel  came  the  baetylus 
of  Damascius,  which  we  find  called  Abaddir  by  Pris- 
cian.  This  Abaddir  is  the  Phoenician  Aban-dir,  that 
is,  the  spherical  stone,  exactly  answering  to  the  de- 
scription of  the  baetylus  given  us  by  Damascius  and 
others.  The  case  seems  to  have  been  this  ;  the  Ca- 
naanites  of  the  neighbourhood  first  worshipped  the 
individual  stone  itself,  upon  which  Jacob  had  poured 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


oil ;  afterwards  they  consecrated  others  of  that  form, 
and  worshipped  them;  which  false  worship  was  per- 
petuated even  to  the  time  of  St.  Austin."  —  See  note 
(N),  Ant.  Univ.  Hist.,  vol.  i.  p.  3 10. 

Now  if  such  stones  were  an  object  of  worship 
among  the  Phoenicians,  nothing  is  more  probable 
than  that  they  should  take  such  a  stone  along  with 
them  in  their  migrations  to  new  settlements ;  and 
it  may  therefore  well  be  that  the  Phoenicians, 
who  first  settled  in  Ireland,  did  bring  such  a 
stone  with  them  ;  and  hence  possibly  the  tradition 
in  question  may  have  originated. 

There  is  abundant  evidence  that  the  Phoenicians 
fled  from  Palestine  in  very  early  times  (Ant.  Univ. 
Hist.,  vol.  iii.  p.  479.),  and  probably  some  of  the 
Jews  also  about  the  time  when  Samaria  was  taken  ; 
and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  some  Phoenicians, 
if  not  some  Jews,  settled  in  these  islands  at  a  very 
remote  period ;  and  it  is  a  very  remarkable  fact 
that  the  Welsh  spoken  in  North  Wales  is  said  to 
be  nearer  to  the  old  Hebrew  than  any  other  ex- 
isting language,  and  varying  no  more  from  it  than 
the  great  length  of  time  which  has  passed  would 
lead  any  one  to  expect.  (Ant.  Univ.  Hist.,  vol.  vi. 
p.  31.  note.) 

It  should  seem  that  some  at  least  of  the  bsetyli 
were  round,  and  of  such  a  size  that  they  might 
be  carried  about  by  their  votaries  either  by  hang- 
ing at  the  neck  or  in  some  other  way  (Ant.  Univ. 
Hist,  vol.  xvii.  p.  287.  x.}.  But  probably  they  were 
originally  in  the  shape  of  a  pillow.  In  Gen.  xxviii. 
18.,  it  is  said  that  Jacob  "took  the  stone  that 
he  had  put  for  his  pillow,  and  set  it  up  for  a 
pillar,  and  poured  oil  upon  the  top  of  it ; "  from 
which  it  is  plain  that  the  stone  was  not  a  sphere, 
but  oblong  and  flat  at  the  top  and  bottom ;  and 
probably  not  with  square  edges,  as  that  would  be 
most  uncomfortable  to  lay  the  head  upon.* 

S.  G.  C. 

Thirty  years  ago,  the  coronation  stone  in  West- 
minster Abbey  stood  under  a  very  old  chair  ;  and 
was  a  bluish  irregular  block  of  stone,  similar  both 
in  colour  and  shape  to  stepping-stones  in  the  shal- 
low rivers  of  the  north  of  England.  It  is  now  a 
very  nice  hewn  block,  nicely  fitted  into  the  frame 
under  the  seat  of  a  renovated  chair.  It  does  not 
look  at  all  like  the  old  stone  of  former  days.  Is 


*  Query  whether  from  these  bzetyli  our  ancestors  de- 
rived the  word  beetle,  which  denotes  a  wooden  maul  or 
hammer  for  driving  wedges.  Its  head  is  about  a  foot 
long,  flat  at  each  end,  and  the  rest  round ;  so  that  it 
nearly  resembles  a  pillow  in  shape,  and  the  head,  to- 
gether with  its  handle,  would  well  resemble  a  stone  of 
similar  shape  suspended  by  a  cord  in  the  middle. 
Bailey  derives  the  word  in  this  sense,  and  as  denoting 
the  insect,  from  Sax.  Bytel.  If  a  handle  was  ever 
put  in  a  baetylus,  which  was  of  the  form  I  have  sug- 
gested, it  would  form  an  excellent  instrument  for 
driving  wedges  or  the  like. 


the  geological  formation  of  the  present  block  very 
difficult  to  ascertain  ?  H.  R.  NEE  F. 


POLYGAMY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  246.) 

In  answer  to  the  various  Queries  of  STYLITES  I 
have  to  observe  : 

1.  That  the  Jews  do  not  at  present,  in  any 
country,  practise  polygamy,  it  being  contrary,  not 
to  the  letter,  but  to  the  spirit  of  the  law  of  Moses, 
which   nevertheless   provides  for   cases  where   a 
man  has  two  wives  at  the  same  time  ;  the  incon- 
venience of  which  practice  is  several  times  pointed 
out,  and  which  was  also  inconsistent  with  the  Le- 
virate  law.     (See  Jahn,  §151.;  and  the  Mishna, 
D"1^  "HD,  which  designates  more  wives  than  one 
TTn^j  trouble,  adversaries.) 

2.  The  practice  was,  however,  allowed  expressly 
to  the  Jewish  kings  only,  perhaps  to  the  extent  of 
four  wives,  which  is  the  Rabbinic  exposition,  and 
coincides  with  the  Koran. 

3.  Marriage    being  a  civil    contract  in  most 
heathen  countries,  as  also  amongst  the  Jews  and 
early  Christians,  polygamy  is   not  forbidden   or 
allowed  on  religious  grounds.     Marriage  was  in- 
cluded under    the    general  head  of  covenants, 
rTQIfiD,  in  the  Mishna.     Barbarous  nations  ge- 
nerally practised  polygamy,  according  to  Tacitus 
(Germ.  18.);  excepting  the  Germans,  who,  like 
the  Greeks  and  Romans,  "  were  content  with  a 
single  wife,"  although  some  exceptions  were  found 
in  this  respect,  non  libidine,  sed  ob  Jiobilitatem. 

4.  Polygamy  was  not  practised    amongst    the 
early  Christians,  who  followed  the  Jews  in  this 
matter. 

5.  Clement  of  Alexandria   (Stromata,  lib.  iii. 
p.  461.,  edit.  1629)  says: 

"  'AAX'  6  avrbs  avyp  Kai  Kvpios,  Tra\aik  Kaivifav,  ov 
iro\vya/Ji.ia,v  ert  ffvyx^P^'  T^T€  70^  cwHjret  6  &ebs,  tire 
avj-dveffQai  Kal  Tr\f}Qvvsiv  exp^'  fJ.ovoya/j.iav  8e  curcfyer, 

5t«  TTaitiOTTOliaV,  KOL  TT]V  TOU  ofrcOU    KTjSejUOJ'iaJ',   flS  V  )807]- 

j]  yvvy." 


Whence  it  appears  that  to  have  progeny  and^a 
helpmate  at  home  were  the  objects  proposed  in 
matrimony,  for  which  polygamy  was  unfavorable. 
He  then  remarks  on  the  privilege  conceded  to 
some  to  form  a  second  marriage,  after  the  death 
of  the  first  wife,  which  St.  Paul  forbids  to  a 
bishop,  who  was  to  be,  in  the  modern  sense  of 
the  word,  a  monogamist.  Two  wives  at  the  same 
time  were  wholly  repugnant  to  Jewish,  as  well 
as  Greek  and  Roman,  sentiment.  Ignatius  (ad 
Polyc.  5.)  says  it  is  proper  (^eVei)  for  married 
persons  to  unite  under  the  bishop's  advice,  so  that 
the  marriage  may  be  Kara  ®ebv,  and  not  /car'  CTTI- 
;  whence  it  is  inferred  that  a  marriage  was 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  232. 


valid  in  his  time,  although  no  religious  sanction 
•was  obtained. 

It  appears  from  Our  Lord's  remarks,  Matt.  xix. 
8.,  Mark  x.  5.,  that  the  consuetudinary  law  of 
marriage  was  not  wholly  abrogated,  but  was  ac- 
commodated to  the  Jews  by  the  Mosaic  code.  To 
understand  this  subject,  therefore,  the  ancient 
usages  and  existing  practices  must  be  weighed, 
as  well  from  ancient  authors  as  from  modern  tra- 
vellers. Whence  it  appears  that  the  contract  of 
marriage,  whereby  a  man  received  a  wife  in  con- 
sideration of  a  certain  sum  of  money  paid  to  her 
father,  contemplated  progeny  as  its  special  object.* 
In  default  of  an  heir  the  Jew  took  a  second  wife, 
it  being  assumed  that  the  physical  defect  was  on 
the  wife's  part.  If  the  second  had  no  child  he 
took  a  third,  and  in  like  default  a  fourth,  which 
was  the  limit  as  understood  by  the  rabbins,  and  is 
now  the  limit  assigned  by  the  Mahometan  doctors. 
But  the  Mosaic  law  proceeded  even  beyond  this, 
and  allowed,  on  the  husband's  death,  the  right  of 
Iboom,  usually  called  the  Levirate  law,  so  that  in 
case  of  there  being  no  child,  some  one  of  the  de- 
ceased's brothers  had  a  right  to  take  some  one  of 
the  deceased's  wives  :  and  their  progeny  was 
deemed  by  the  Mosaic  code  to  be  his  deceased 
brother's,  whose  property  indeed  devolved  in  the 
line  of  such  progeniture.  It  would  appear  that 
it  was  usual  for  the  eldest  brothers  to  marry,  the 
younger  brothers  remaining  single.  This  was  a 
remnant,  as  modified  by  Moses,  of  the  custom  of 
polyandry,  several  brothers  taking  one  wife,  — a 
sort  of  necessary  result  of  polygamy,  since  the 
number  of  males  and  females  born  is  equal  in  all 
countries,  within  certain  limits  of  variation.  The 
best  authorities  on  this  subject  are  the  Mishna, 
Selden,  Du  Halde,  Niebuhr,  Siismilch,  and  Mi- 
chalis,  the  last  in  Dr.  Smith's  translation,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  2nd  volume.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

STYLITES  says,  "  On  what  ground  has  polygamy 
become  forbidden  among  Christians  ?  I  am  not 
aware  that  it  is  directly  forbidden  by  Scripture." 
In  reply  to  this  I  venture  to  say,  that  the  Divine 
will  on  this  matter  was  sufficiently  indicated  at, 
the  creation,  when  one  woman  was  appointed  for 
one  man,  as  expressed  in  Gen.  ii.  24.,  and  quoted 
by  Our  Lord,  with  the  significant  addition  of  the 
word  twain:  "They  twain  shall  be  one  flesh" 
(Matt.  xix.  5.).  Twain,  i.e.  two  ;  not  twenty,  nor 
any  indefinite  number.  Moreover,  the  law  of 
nature  speaks,  in  the  nearly  equal  numbers  of 
men  and  women  that  are  born,  or,  as  in  this 
parish,  by  making  the  men  the  more  numerous. 

But  STYLITES  starts  a  most  interesting  question 
in  a  practical  point  of  view.  It  is  admitted  that 


*  In  the  recent  ceremony  of  the  French  emperor's 
marriage,  money  was  presented  to  the  bride. 


the  Gospel  is  not  very  explicit  respecting  poly- 
gamy ;  and  why  so  ?  Possibly  the  Gospel  was 
purposely  kept  silent;  and  the  Church  allowed 
some  latitude  in  judgment  upon  a  very  difficult 
point,  because  it  was  foreseen  that  the  custom  of 
polygamy  would  prove  one  of  the  greatest  ob- 
stacles to  a  reception  of  pure  Christianity.  This 
difficulty  is  of  constant  occurrence  in  heathen 
lands  at  the  present  day.  The  Christian  mis- 
sionary insists  upon  the  convert  abandoning  all 
his  wives,  except  the  one  whom  he  first  married. 
This  woman  was  probably  childless ;  and  because 
she  was  so,  he  formed  other  and  legal  connexions. 
But  before  he  can  be  received  as  a  Christian,  he 
must  dissolve  all  these  later  ties,  and  bastardise 
children  who  were  innocently  born  in  lawful  wed- 
lock. The  conditions  are  very  awful.  An  act  of 
cruelty  and  injustice  has  to  be  performed  by  one 
who  is  on  the  point  of  entering  the  threshold  of 
Christianity  ! 

Perhaps  these  considerations  may  serve  to  ac- 
count for  the  comparative  silence  of  the  Gospel 
upon  a  subject  which  seemed  to  require  the  ex- 
pression of  a  direct  command,  whilst  they  will  in 
no  way  obscure  its  universally- admitted  meaning. 

ALFRED  GATTY. 

Ecclesfield. 


POETICAL    TAVERN    SIGNS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  58.) 

The  subjoined  lines  address  themselves  to  the 
traveller,  as  he  looks  on  the  sign  of  "  The  Rod- 
ney's Pillar"  inn  at  Criggirn,  a  hamlet  on  the 
borders  of  Montgomeryshire  and  this  county  : 

"  Under  these  trees,  in  sunny  weather, 
Just  try  a  cup  of  ale,  however  ; 
And  if  in  tempest  or  in  storm, 
A  couple  then  to  make  you  warm  ; 
But  when  the  day  is  very  cold, 
Then  taste  a  mug  a  twelvemonth  old." 

Reverse  side. 
"  Rest,  and  regale  yourself:  'tis  pleasant. 

Enough  is  all  the  prudent  need. 
That's  the  due  of  the  hardy  peasant, 
Who  toils  all  sorts  of  men  to  feed. 
"  Then  '  muzzle  not  the  ox  when  he  treads  out  the 

corn,' 
Nor  grudge  honest  labour  its  pipe  and  its  horn." 

G.  H.  BlLLINGTON. 

The  following,  although  not  a  tavern  sign,  may 
be  worth  preserving.     I  saw  it  under  a  painting 
of  an  ox,  which  adorned  a  butcher's  shop  at  Ischl, 
in  Upper  Austria,  A.D.  1835  : 
"  Der  Ochs  besteht  aus  Fleisch  und  Bein  zum  laufen, 

Darum  kann  ich  das  Fleisch  nicht  ohne  Bein  ver- 


J.C.E. 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


331 


In  the  parlour  of  the  "  Three  Pigeons,"  Brent- 
ford, is  an  old  painting,  dated  1704,  representing 
a  landlord  attending  to  his  guests  seated  at  a  table 
in  the  open  air,  with  these  lines  above : 
"  Wee  are  new  beginners, 

And  thrive  wee  would  faine ; 
I  am  Honest  Ralf  of  Reading, 
My  wife  Susand  to  name." 

Wright,  in  his  Historia  Histronica,  1699,  tells  us 
that  — 

"  Lowin  (one  of  the  original  actors  in  Shakspeare's 
plays),  in  his  latter  days,  kept  an  inn,  the  '  Three 
Pigeons,'  at  Brentford,  where  he  died  very  old." 

At  the  "  Old  Parr's  Head,"  Aldersgate  Street, 
was,  in  1825,  a  sign  of  an  ancient  gentleman,  with 
these  lines  under : 

"  Your  head  cool, 

Your  feet  warm ; 
But  a  glass  of  good  gin 
Would  do  you  no  harm." 

The  author  of  Tavern  Anecdotes,  12mo.,  1825, 
records  the  following : 

"  Rhyming  Host  at  Stratford. 

At  the  Swan  Tavern,  kept  by  Lound, 

The  best  accommodation's  found  — 

Wine,  spirits,  porter,  bottled  beer, 

You'll  find  in  high  perfection  here. 

If,  in  the  garden  with  your  lass, 

You  feel  inclin'd  to  take  a  glass, 

There  tea  and  coffee,  of  the  best, 

Provided  is  for  every  guest ; 

And,  females  not  to  drive  from  hence, 

His  charge  is  only  fifteen  pence. 

Or,  if  dispos'd  a  pipe  to  smoke, 

To  sing  a  song,  or  crack  a  joke, 

You  may  repair  across  the  green, 

Where  nought  is  heard,  tho'  much  is  seen : 

There  laugh,  and  drink,  and  smoke  away, 

And  but  a  mod'rate  reck'ning  pay,  — 

Which  is  a  most  important  object, 

To  every  loyal  British  subject. 

In  short, 

The  best  accommodation's  found, 
By  those  who  deign  to  visit  Lound." 

EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 

1.  At  a  public-house  near  Cambridge,  known 
to  the  natives  of  Cambridgeshire  as  "  Tew-Pot 
House,"  formerly  kept  by  one  Cooper,  there  used 
to  be,  I  cannot  say  decidedly  is,  as  I  have  not 
passed  the  place  for  ten  years  and  more,  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  Rest,  traveller,  rest ;  lo  !  Cooper's  hand 
Obedient  brings  two  pots  at  thy  command. 
Rest,  traveller,  rest,  and  banish  thoughts  of  care. 
Drink  to  thy  friends,  and  recommend  them  here." 

2.  The  Robin  Hood  inscription  is  found,  with 
a  very  little  variation,  in  front  of  a  public-house 


at  Cherryhinton,  at  the  corner  of  the  road  to  Ful- 
bourn,  in  this  county. 

3.  Who  can  forget  the  suggestion  by  Walter 
Scott,  of 

"  Drink,  weary  traveller,  drink  and  pay" 

as  a  motto  for  the  public-house  at  Flodden  ?  (See 
Lockhart's  Life  of  Scott,  cap.  xxv.) 

I  remember  seeing  the  following  in  the  parlour 
of  a  house  at  Rancton,  I  believe  in  Norfolk  : 

"  More  beer  score  clerk 

For  my  my  his 

Do  trust  pay  sent 

I  I  must  have 

Shall  if  I  brewer 

What  and  and  my."* 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

In  Deansgate,  Manchester,  under  an  artistic 
representation  of  Llangollen  Castle,  is  the  follow- 
ing : 

"  Near  the  above  place,  in  a  vault, 

There  is  such  liquor  fixed, 
You'll  say  that  water,  hops,  and  malt 
Were  never  better  mixed." 

As  a  parallel  to  the  case  cited  by  NEWBURIENSIS, 
I  may  mention  the  sign  of  the  "  Brown  Cow,"  near 
the  village  of  Glodwick,  Oldham  : 

"  This  cow  gives  such  liquor, 
'Twould  puzzle  a  viccar"  [sic~\. 

JOHN  SCRIBE. 

The  following  verse  from  the  sign-board  of  the 
Bull  Inn  at  Buckland  near  Dover,  may  not  be 
an  uninteresting  addition  to  your  list  of  poetical 
tavern  signs. 

"  The  bull  is  tame,  so  fear  him  not, 
All  the  while  you  pay  your  shot ; 
When  money  's  gone,  and  credit 's  bad, 
It 's  that  which  makes  the  bull  run  mad  ! " 

FRAS.  BRENT. 
Sandgate. 

At  the  Red  Lion,  Stretton,  near  Warmington  : 

"  The  Lion  is  strong,  the  Cat  is  vicous  [sic], 
My  ale  is  good,  and  so  is  my  liquors." 

E.  P.  PALING. 

February  20,  1854. 

At  Swainsthorpe,  a  village  five  miles  from  Nor- 
wich, on  the  road  to  Ipswich,  is  a  public-house 
known  as  the  "  Dun  Cow."  Under  the  portrait 
of  the  cow,  in  former  days,  stood  the  following 
couplet : 

"  Walk  in,  gentlemen  ;   I  trust  you'll  find 
The  dun  cow's  milk  is  to  your  mind." 


*  Begin  with  the  bottom  word  of  the  right-hand 
column  and  read  upwards,  treating  the  other  columns 
in  a  similar  way. 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  232. 


Whether   it   still  remains  I  know  not,   as  many 

years  have  gone  by  since  I  passed  that  way. 

J  T.  B.  B.  H. 


"  BEHEMOTH. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  77.) 

Hobbes's  Behemoth  forms  the  eighth  tract  in 
the  collection  relating  to  the  civil  wars  by  the 
Baron  Maseres  (1815),  and  occupies  nearly  200 
pages.  The  Baron,  in  his  Preface  (pp.  Ixxviii., 
Ixxix.)  gives  the  following  character  of  the  work  : 

"  It  is  written  in  a  very  clear  and  lively  style,  and 
contains  a  great  deal  of  curious  historical  matter  con- 
cerning the  rise  and  gradual  increase  of  the  Pope's 
power  over  temporal  princes  :  the  prohibition  of  mar- 
riage in  secular  priests;  the  doctrine  of  transubstan- 
tiation  ;  the  institution  of  auricular  confession  to  a 
priest;  the  institution  of  Orders  of  preaching  friars  ; 
and  the  institution  of  Universities  and  Schools  of  Dis- 
putation ;  (all  which  institutions,  he  observes,  had  a 
tendency  to  increase  the  power  of  the  Pope,  and  were 
made  for  that  purpose,)  which  is  set  forth  in  pp.  467, 
468.,  &c.,  to  p.  472.  And  much  other  interesting 
matter,  concerning  the  sentiments  of  the  Presbyterian 
ministers,  the  Papists,  the  Independents,  and  other 
sectaries.  The  pretensions  made  by  them  to  Spiritual 
Power,  and  the  nature  of  heresies  and  the  history  of 
them,  is  clearly  and  justly  described  in  another  part  of 
it ;  over  and  above  the  narration  of  the  several  events 
of  the  civil  war  itself,  which  I  believe  to  be  faithful 
and  exact  in  point  of  fact,  though  with  a  different 
judgment  of  Mr.  Hobbes  as  to  the  moral  merit  of  the 
persons  concerned  in  producing  them,  from  that  which, 
I  presume,  will  be  formed  by  many  of  the  readers  of 
this  history  at  this  day  ;  which  difference  of  judgment 
between  Mr.  Hobbes  and  the  present  readers  of  this 
work,  will  be  a  necessary  consequence,  from  Mr. 
Hobbes's  having  entertained  two  very  important 
opinions  concerning  the  nature  of  civil  government  in 
general,  and  of  the  monarchical  government  of  England 
in  particular,  which  in  the  present  age  are  thought,  by 
almost  every  Englishman  who  has  paid  any  attention 
to  the  subject,  to  be  exceedingly  erroneous."  ~~"~ 

Subjoined  to  his  reprint  of  this  tract,  the  Baron 
has  appended  remarks  on  some  particular  pas- 
sages therein,  which  appeared  to  him  to  contaip 
erroneous  opinions.  C.  H.  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photographic  Slides  for  the  Magic  Lantern.  —  Might 
not  the  collodion  process  be  applied  very  usefully  in 
the  preparation  of  slides  for  the  magic  lantern  ? 

Good  slides  are  always  expensive,  owing,  in  great 
measure,  to  the  accuracy  required,  where  every  defect 
will  be  magnified  some  hundred  times. 

I  would  suggest  that  a  photographic  picture  should 
be  taken  on  the  glass  plate,  and  then  varnished.  The 
painter  should  then  apply  his  colours  to  the  opposite 


side  of  the  glass,  using  the  photographic  image  as  his 
outline.  The  colours  would  then  be  burnt  in,  and  the 
varnish  and  collodion  film  cleared  off. 

This  plan  would  be  especially  useful  when  the  pho- 
tographic picture  had  been  taken  by  the  microscope. 

THOS.  SCOTT,  B.A. 

Brighton. 

Albumenized  Paper.  —  If  Mu.  HELE  will  follow  the 
directions  contained  in  a  paper  of  mine  which  you 
published  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  206.,  for  albumenizing  paper, 
I  think  he  will  have  no  reason  to  complain  of  waves, 
or  streaks,  or  blotches,  and  will  be  saved  the  trouble  of 
the  damping  process  which  he  uses  and  recommends  to 
others.  ("  N.  &  Q,.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  254.)  I  have  done  a 
considerable  quantity  of  paper  of  Canson,  both  positive 
and  negative,  and  also  of  other  makers,  Whatman, 
Turner,  Sandford,  and  Nash,  and  in  all  I  have  suc- 
ceeded perfectly  in  obtaining  an  even  coating  of  albu- 
men. I  am  convinced  from  my  own  experience  that 
the  cause  of  waviness,  &c.,  is  due  to  raising  the  paper 
from  the  albumen  too  slowly.  If  the  paper  be  snatched 
hastily  from  the  solution,  air  bubbles  no  doubt  will  be 
formed;  but  if  the  paper  be  raised  with  a  steady 
even  motion,  not'too  slow,  the  albumen  will  flow  evenly 
from  the  paper,  and  it  will  dry  with  a  perfectly  even 
surface. 

MR.  SHADBOLT  is  certainly  mistaken  in  saying  that 
positives  printed  from  negatives  will  not  stand  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  hypo,  soda,  unless  they  be  printed  so 
intensely  dark  that  all  traces  of  a  picture  by  reflected 
light  are  obliterated.  I  have  used  nothing  but  a 
saturated  solution  for  fixing  my  positives  for  a  consi- 
derable time,  and  my  experience  agrees  with  that  of 
other  of  your  correspondents,  that  the  picture  is  not  as 
much  reduced  by  a  saturated  solution  as  by  a  weaker 
one.  By  adding  about  one  grain  of  sel  d'or  to  every 
eight  ounces  of  saturated  solution,  very  rich  black 
tones  will  be  obtained. 

I  inclose  a  specimen  of  what  I  have  got  in  this  way. 

C.  E.  F. 

[The  specimen  sent  is  most  satisfactory ;  we  wish 
that  the  locality  of  the  view  had  been  stated.  —  ED.] 

Mounting  Positives  on  Cardboard.  —  In  the  absence 
of  any  other  reply  to  J.  L.  S.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  282.),  the 
following,  as  the  method  I  always  adopt,  may  serve  his 
purpose. 

Having  cut  the  positive  to  the  size  required,  and 
trimmed  the  edges,  place  it  upon  the  cardboard  to 
which  it  is  intended  to  be  attached,  and  carefully 
centre  it ;  then  with  a  pencil  make  a  slight  dot  at  each 
of  the  angles.  Remove  the  proof,  and  lay  it  face 
downwards  upon  a  piece  of  clean  paper  or  a  cloth,  and 
with -any  convenient  brush  smear  it  evenly  over  with  a 
paste  made  of  arrowroot,  taking  care  not  to  have  more 
than  just  enough  to  cover  it  without  leaving  any 
patches.  Place  it  gently  on  the  cardboard,  holding  it 
for  the  purpose  by  two  opposite  angles,  and  with  a  silk 
handkerchief  dab  it  gently,  beginning  in  the  middle, 
and  work  any  little  superfluity  of  the  paste  towards  the 
edges,  when  it  will  be  gradually  pressed  out.  The 
whole  may  be  placed  in  a  press,  or  under  a  pile  of 
books  to  dry. 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


]VIy  object  in  using  arrowroot  is  simply  that  of  having 
a  pure  starch  without  colour,  and  it  serves  as  a  size  to 
the  paper,  which  has  lost  that  originally  in  it  by  the 
repeated  washings,  &c. 

The  paste  is  made  very  thin,  thus  :  —  Put  a  teaspoon- 
ful  of  arrowroot  (not  heaped)  into  a  teacup  with  about 
two  spoonfuls  of  cold  water,  and  mix  into  a  paste : 
then  add  boiling  water  enough  to  fill  the  cup,  and  stir. 
Many  photographers  merely  attach  the  edyes  of  their 
pictures,  but  I  prefer  them  to  adhere  all  over.  Gum 
is  fatal  to  the  beauty  of  a  photograph,  unless  it  is  pre- 
viously re-sized.  GEO.  SHADBOLT. 

Mr.  Lyte's  Collodion  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  225.).  —  Our 
readers  may  remember  that  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Feb.  18, 
MR.  F.  MAXWELL  LYTE  furnished  our  readers  with  a 
detailed  plan  of  his  mode  of  preparing  collodion.  In 
that  article,  written  from  Pau,  that  gentleman  was  so 
good  as  to  promise  us  that  when  he  had  an  opportunity 
he  would  send  us  a  couple  of  specimens  of  his  work- 
manship. He  has  more  than  fulfilled  his  promise,  for 
we  have  received  from  him  this  week  four  photo- 
graphs, which,  for  general  beauty  and  minuteness  of 
detail,  cannot  be  surpassed.  The  subjects  are,  I.  Study 
of  Trees,  No.  2. ;  II.  Study  of  Trees,  No.  5.  Old  Pol- 
lard Oak;  III.  Study  of  Trees,  Peasants  collecting 
Leaves;  IV.  Old  Church  Porch,  Morloas,  Monogram 
of  the  Eleventh  Century.  MR.  LYTE,  who  is  a  first- 
rate  chemist,  has  shown  himself  by  these  specimens  to 
be  also  a  first-rate  practical  photographer.  From  him, 
therefore,  the  art  may  look  for  much  future  progress. 


Minov  tfluirferf. 

Burton's  "Anatomy  of  Melancholy"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  191.).  —  DR.  RIMBAULT  may  perhaps  be  in- 
terested in  hearing  that  some  years  ago  I  urged 
upon  two  London  publishers  the  desirableness  of 
bringing  out  a  new  edition  of  Burton's  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,  but  [they  both  declined  to  under- 
take the  work.  I  then  resolved  to  publish  myself 
the  latter  part  of  the  work  (on  Religious  Melan- 
choly), and  made  known  my  intention  in  "  N.  & 
Q.,"  in  the  hope  of  obtaining  some  casual  notes 
and  observations ;  but  in  this  also  I  was  disap- 
pointed. As,  however,  my  intention  is  only  sus- 
pended for  the  present,  not  abandoned,  I  shall  be 
obliged  by  any  assistance  that  DR.  RIMBAULT,  or 
any  of  your  readers,  can  afford  me.  Can  any  one 
correct  the  following  list  of  editions  of  the  Ana- 
tomy of  Melancholy  ? 

1621.  4  to.  Oxford.  1738.  fol. 

1624.   fol.    Oxford.  1800.   fol.   2  vols. 

1628.  fol.    Oxford.  1804.  8vo.   2  vols. 

1632.  fol.   Oxford.  1806.   8vo.  2  vols. 

1638.  fol.  1827.  8vo.   2  vols. 

G51-2.  fol.  1829.  8vo.   2  vols. 

1660.  fol.  London.  1837.  8vo.   2  vols. 

1676.  fol.  1839.   8vo. 

i728.  fol.  1845.   8vo. 

If  Watt's  Biblioth.  be   correct,  the  last  folio 


edition  was  not  that  of  1676  (see  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  121.)  ;  but  on  this  and  other  similar 
points  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  DR.  UIMBAULT'S 
opinion.  M.  D. 

Original  Royal  Letters  to  the  Grand  Masters 
of  Malta  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  99.).  —  When  making  out 
the  list  of  English  Royal  Letters,  which  has  al- 
ready appeared  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  we  were  not  aware 
that  any  others  besides  those  which  we  recorded 
at  the  time  were  to  be  found  in  the  Record  Office. 
Since  then  Dr.  Vella  has  examined  other  manu- 
script volumes,  and,  fortunately,  brought  to  light 
nine  more  autograph  letters,  to  which,  according 
to  their  dates,  we  hope  to  call  your  attention  here- 
after. They  are  as  follows  : 


In  what 

Writer. 

Date. 

Language 

To  whom  addressed. 

written. 

Charles  II. 
Ditto      - 

28th  November,  1670. 
12th  February,  1674. 

Latin. 
Ditto. 

Nicholas  Cotoner. 
Ditto. 

Ditto 

19th  May,  1675. 

Ditto. 

Ditto. 

Ditto 

28th  October,  1676. 

Ditto. 

Ditto. 

Ditto 

2nd  November,  1678. 

Ditto. 

Ditto. 

James  II.* 
Ditto 
Ditto      - 
George  I.  - 

24th  August,  1685. 
10th  day  of  Jan.  1686-7. 
9th  April,  1687. 
5th  May,  1715. 

Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 

Gregory  Caraffa. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Raymond  Perellos. 

*  The  letters  of  James  II.  are  countersigned  "  Comes  de  Sunder- 
laud/'C1)  and  that  of  George  I.  "I.  Stanhope. 

In  our  previous  list  an  error  occurred,  which 
we  would  wish  to  correct.  The  last  letter  of 
Henry  VIII.  was  addressed  to  the  Grand  Master 
Pierre  Du  Pont,  and  not  to  Nicholas  Cotoner,  who 
ascended  the  Maltese  throne  in  1663.  The  trans- 
lation of  H.  M.'s  congratulatory  letter  to  Du  Pont, 
on  his  election,  we  trust  you  have  already  re- 
ceived. We  referred  in  our  former  Note  to  a 
letter  of  Charles  II.,  under  date  of  "  the  last  day 
of  November,  1674,"  and  since  that  came  to  our 
observation  we  have  seen  an  exact  copy  bearing 
the  autograph  of  the  king.  This  circumstance 
leads  us  to  inquire  at  what  period,  and  with  what 
English  monarch,  the  custom  of  sending  dupli- 
cate letters  originated  ?  In  the  time  of  James  II. 
it  would  appear  to  have  been  followed,  as  one  of 
H.  M.'s  letters  is  thus  marked  in  his  own  hand- 
writing. 

We  would  state,  before  closing  this  Note,  that 
the  letters  of  James  II.  are  the  earliest  in  date  of 
any  English  royal  letters  filed  away  at  this  island 
which  are  countersigned,  or  bear  the  address  of  the 
Grand  Master  at  the  foot  of  the  first  page,  on  the 
left-hand  side,  as  is  customary  in  writing  official 
letters  to  government  officers  at  the  present  time. 

Will  any  of  your  correspondents  kindly  inform 
us  with  what  English  monarch  the  custom  ori- 


(')  Robert  Spencer,  second  Earl  of  Sunderland,  K.G., 
was  principal  Secretary  of  State  during  the  latter  years 
of  Charles  II.  and  the  whole  reign  of  James  II.,  and 
as  such,  when  countersigning  a  royal  letter,  he  placed 
at  the  end  of  his  signature  the  letter  P. 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  232. 


ginated  of  having  his  letters  countersigned  by  a 
minister,  and  of  placing  the  address  within  the 
letter,  as  is  the  case  in  those  of  James  II.  to  which 
we  have  just  referred  ?  WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 
La  Valetta,  Malta. 

Prince  Charles'  Attendants  in  Spain  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  272.). — In  a  small  4to.  MS.  in  my  possession, 
entitled  "  A  Narrative  of  Count  Gondomar's  Pro- 
ceedings in  England,"  is  the  following  list  of  "  The 
Prince's  Servants  "  who  accompanied  him  in  his 
journey  into  Spain : 

"  Master  of  the  Horse,  Lord  Andover. 

Master  of  the  Ward,  Lord  Compton. 

Chamberlain,  Lord  Carey. 

Comptroller,  Lord  Vaughan. 

Secretary,  Sir  Francis  Cottington. 

Gentleman  of  the  Bed-chamber,  Sir  Robert  Carr. 
Sir  William  Howard, 
Sir  Edmund  Verney, 
Sir  William  Crofts, 

Gentlemen  of  the  Privy  \     Sir  Richard  Wynne, 
Chamber    -     -     -       j     Mr.  Ralph  Clare, 

Mr.  John  Sandilaus,' 
Mr.  Charles  Glemham. 
Mr.  Francis  Carew. 

Gentleman  Usher  of  the  Privy  Chamber,  Sir  John  North. 


/Mr.  Newton, 


Gentlemen  Ushers  of  the  Presence <    Mr.  Young, 

L  Mr.  Tyrwhitt. 
Grooms  of  the  Bed-chamber,  five. 
Pages,  three. 
Chaplains,  two." 

EDWARD  F.  EIMBAULT. 

Churchill's  Grave  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  122.).  — The  fact 
that  Churchill's  grave  is  at  Dover,  is  not  an  ob- 
scure one.  It  was  visited  by  Byron,  who  wrote  a 
poem  on  the  subject,  which  will  be  found  in  his 
Works.  This  poem  is  remarkable,  among  other 
things,  from  the  circumstance  that  it  is  written 
in  avowed  and  serious  imitation  of  the  style  of 
Wordsworth.  M.  T.  W. 

"  Cissle"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  148.).  — If  A.  refers  to 
Forby's  Vocabulary  of  East  Anglia,  he  will  find  : 

"  SIZZLE,  v.  To  dry  and  shrivel  up  with  hissing, 
by  the  action  of  fire  or  some  greasy  or  juicy  substance*'1 

C.  R.  M. 

Contributors  to  Knight's  "  Quarterly  Magazine" 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  103.).  —  I  can  answer  one  of  E.  H.'s 
inquiries.  Gerard  Montgomery  was  the  assumed 
name  of  the  Rev.  J.  Moultrie.  It  was  originally 
adopted  by  him  in  that  most  brilliant  of  all  school 
periodicals,  The  Etonian,  and  the  mask  was 
thrown  off  in  the  list  of  contributors  given  at  the 
end  of  the  third  volume.  In  The  Etonian  it  was 
attached  to  "  Godiva,"  the  poem  which  attracted 
the  warm  admiration  of  Gifford  of  the  Quarterly 
Review,  a  man  not  prodigal  of  praise,  and  the 
"  Godiva"  of  Moultrie  may  still  fearlessly  unveil 


its  charms  beside  the  "  Godiva"  of  Tennyson.  His 
longest  poem  in  Knight's  Quarterly  was  "  La  Belle 
Try  amour,"  which  has  since  been  republished  in  a 
volume  of  collected  poems  with  his  name  to  them, 
many  of  which  are  strikingly  unlike  it  in  character. 
The  gay  Etonian  is  now  the  vicar  of  Rugby  ;  and 
the  story  of  his  experiences  has  been  told  by  him- 
i  self  with  a  singular  charm  in  his  "Dream  of  a 
Life." 

Strange  it  is  that  the  contributions  of  Macaulay 
to  Knight's  Quarterly  Magazine  should  not,  ere 
now,  have  been  reprinted.  Some  few  of  them 
have  been  so,  and  are  become  familiar  as  house- 
hold words  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  The 
others  are  as  obscure  as  if  still  in  manuscript. 
What  does  the  public  at  large  know  of  the  "  Frag- 
ments of  a  Roman  Tale,"  or  the  "  Scenes  from 
Athenian  Revels  ;"  in  which  the  future  historian 
tried  his  powers  as  a  romancer  and  a  dramatist  — 
in  the  one  case  bringing  before  us  Caesar  and 
Catiline,  in  the  other  Alcibiades  and  his  com- 
rades. There  are  essays  too  by  Macaulay  in 
Knight's  Quarterly  Magazine  of  a  lighter  cha- 
racter than  those  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  but 
not  less  brilliant  than  any  in  that  splendid  series 
which  now  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  most  valuable 
contributions  of  the  present  age  to  the  standard 
literature  of  (England.  It  would  not  be  one  of 
the  least  weighty  arguments  against  the  extended 
law  of  copyright,  which  Macaulay  succeeded  in 
passing,  that  the  public  is  now  deprived  of  the 
enjoyment  of  such  treasures  as  these  by  the  too 
nice  fastidiousness  of  their  author.  As  on  two 
former  occasions,  we  suppose  that  they  are  likely 
to  be  first  collected  in  Boston  or  New  York,  and 
that  London  will  afterwards  profit  by  the  rebound. 

M.  T.  W. 

"  La  Langue  Pandras"  (Vol.  ii.,  pp.  376.403.). — 
It  is  merely  a  conjecture,  but  may  not  the  word 
Pandras  be  the  second  person  singular  in  the 
future  tense  of  a  verb  derived  from  the  Latin 
pando,  "  to  open  ?  "  I  am  not  aware  of  the  exist- 
ence of  such  a  word  as  pander  in  old  French  ;  but 
I  believe  that  it  was  by  no  means  an  unusual 
practice  among  the  writers  of  Chaucer's  time  to 
adapt  Latin  words  to  their  own  idiom. 

HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 

Cranmer  Bibles  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  119.).— S.  R.  M. 
will  be  gratified  to  learn,  that  the  death  of  Mr. 
Lea  Wilson  has  not,  as  he  conjectures,  led  to  the 
dispersion  of  the  curious  collection  of  Cranmer 
Bibles,  which  he  had  been  at  so  much  pains  in 
forming,  but  to  its  being  rendered  more  accessible. 
Thev  were  all  purchased  for  the  British  Museum. 

M.  T.  W. 

Voisonier  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  224.).  —  A  corruption  of 
voivsoner,  i.  e.  the  owner  of  the  voivson ;  this  last 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


335 


word  being  anciently  used  for  advowson,  as  may 
be  seen  by  the  glossary  to  Robert  of  Gloucester's 
Works.  '  C.  H. 

I  submit  that  this  word  means  advowsoner,  that 
is,  "  owner  of  the  advowson."  Q.  D. 

Word-minting  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  151.).  — To  MR. 
MELVILLE'S  list  of  new  words,  you  may  add : 
talented  (Yankee),  adumbrate  (pedantic),  service. 
The  latter  word  is  of  very  late  importation  from 
the  French,  within  three  years,  as  applied  to  the 
lines  of  steamers,  or  traffic  of  railways.  It  is  an 
age  of  word- minting  ;  and  bids  fair  to  corrupt  the 
purity  of  the  English  language  by  the  coinage  of 
the  slovenly  writer,  and  adoption  of  foreign  or 
learned  words  which  possess  an  actual  synonym 
in  our  own  tongue.  MR.  MELVILLE  deserves  our 
thanks  for  his  timely  notice  of  such  "contraband" 
wares.  MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Your  correspondent  MR.  MELVILLE  will  be 
surprised  to  learn  that  the  words  deranged,  de- 
rangement, now  so  generally  used  in  reference  to 
a  disordered  intellect,  or  madness,  are  not  to  be 
found  in  any  dictionary  that  I  have  seen.  J.  A.  H. 

Fair  Rosamond  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  163.).  —  The  lines 
which  your  correspondent  C.  C.  inquires  for  are 
from  Warner's  Albion's  England,  which  first  ap- 
peared in  thirteen  books  in  1586  : 

"  Fair    Rosamond,  surprised  thus  ere  thus   she  did 

expect, 
Fell  on  her  humble  knees,  and  did  her  fearful  hands 

erect : 
She  blushed  out  beauty,  whilst  the  tears  did  wash 

her  pleasing  face, 
And  begged  pardon,  meriting   no  less  of  common 

grace. 
*  So  far,  forsooth,   as  in  me  lay,  I  did,'  quoth  she, 

'  withstand ; 
But  what  may  not  so  great  a  king  by  means  or  force 

command  ?  ' 
4  And  dar'st  thou,  minion,'  quoth  the  queen,  '  thus 

article  to  me  ?  ' 

With  that  she  dashed  her  on  the  lips,  so  dyed  double 

red: 
Hard  was  the  heart  that  gave  the  blow,  soft  were 

those  lips  that  bled." 

J.  M.  B. 

Death-warnings  in  ancient  Families  (Yol.  ix., 
pp.  55.  114.  150.).— 

"  As  a  Peaksman,  and  a  long  resident  in  the  Isle  of 
Man,  Pjveril  was  well  acquainted  with  many  a  super- 
stitious legend ;  and  particularly  with  a  belief,  which 
attached  to  the  powerful  family  of  the  Stanleys,  for 
their  peculiar  demon,  a  Ban-shie,  or  female  spirit,  who 
was  wont  to  shriek,  «  Foreboding  evil  times ; '  and 
who  was  generally  seen  weeping  and  bemoaning  her- 
self  before  the  death  of  any  person  of  distinction  be- 


longing to  the  family." — Peveril  of  the  Peak,  vol.  ii. 
p.  174. 

J.  M. 
Oxford. 

Poets  Laureate  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  20.).  —  Your  cor- 
respondent S.  H.  will  find  "  an  account  of  the 
origin,  office,  emoluments,  and  privileges  of  poet 
laureate"  in  a  recent  work  entitled  The  Lives  of 
the  Poets  Laureate,  with  an  Introductory  Essay  on 
the  Title  and  Office,  by  W.  S.  Austin,  Jun.,  and 
J.  Ralph  (Richard  Bentley,  1853). 

From  The  Memoirs  of  William  Wordsworth, 
vol.  ii.  p.  403.,  it  would  appear  that  there  is  a 
"  very  interesting  literary  essay  on  the  laureates  of 
England  by  Mr.  Quillinan." 

In  the  year  1803,  it  would  appear  that  Lord 
Hardwicke,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  "  offered 
to  create  a  laureateship  in  Ireland,  with  the  same 
emoluments  as  the  English  one,"  if  Mr.  Moore 
would  accept  it.  (Memoirs  of  Tom  Moore,  vol.  i. 
p.  228.) 

From  Mr.  Moore's  Letter  to  his  Mother,  dated 
May  20,  1803,  we  learn  that  — 

11  The  manner  in  which  Mr.  Wickham  communi- 
cated the  circumstance  to  me  would  disgust  any  man 
with  the  least  spirit  of  independence  about  him.  I 
accordingly,  yesterday,  after  the  receipt  of  my  father's 
letter,  enclosed  the  ode  on  the  birth-day,  at  the  same 
time  resigning  the  situation." — Memoirs  of  Tom  Moore, 
vol.  i.  pp.  126 — 128. 

LEONARD  L.  HARTLEY. 

York. 

Brissot  de  Warville  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  209.).  —  Since 
my  last  communication  on  the  above  subject,  I 
have  obtained  The  Life  of  J.  P.  Brissot,  SfC., 
written  by  himself,  an  8vo.  volume  of  pp.  92,  pub- 
lished by  Debrett,  London,  1794.  It  is  a  trans- 
lation, the  original  of  which  I  have  never  seen. 
And  if  you  do  not  think  the  subject  exhausted, 
perhaps  you  will  spare  a  few  lines  for  his  own  ac- 
count of  his  name. 

"  The  office  of  an  attorney  was  my  gymnasium  ;  I 
laboured  in  it  for  the  space  of  five  years,  as  well  in  the 
country  as  in  Paris.  .  .  .  To  relieve  my  weari- 
ness and  disgust,  I  applied  myself  to  literature  and  to 
the  sciences.  The  study  of  the  languages  was,  above 
all  others,  my  favourite  pursuit.  Chance  threw  in  my 
way  two  Englishmen,  on  a  visit  to  my  own  country : 
I  learned  their  language,  and  this  circumstance  decided 
my  fate.  It  was  at  the  commencement  of  my  passion 
for  that  language  that  I  made  the  metamorphosis  of  a 
diphthong  in  my  name,  which  has  been  imputed  to  me 
as  so  great  a  crime  ;  and,  since  I  must  render  an  ac-" 
count  of  every  particular  point,  lest  even  the  slightest 
hold  against  me  should  be  afforded  to  malignity,  I  will 
declare  the  cause  of  the  change  in  question.  Born 
the  thirteenth  child  of  my  family,  and  the  second  of 
my  brothers  in  it,  I  bore,  for  the  purpose  of  being  dis- 
tinguished from  them,  according  to  the  custom  of 
Beance,  the  name  of  a  village  in  which  my  father  pos- 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  232. 


sessed  some  landed  property.  This  village  was  called 
Ouarville,  and  Ouarville  became  the  name  by  which  I 
was  known  in  my  own  country.  A  fancy  struck  me 
that  I  would  cast  an  English  air  over  my  name,  and 
therefore  I  substituted,  in  the  place  of  the  French 
diphthong  ou,  the  w  of  the  English,  which  has  the  same 
sound.  Since  this  nominal  alteration,  having  put  it  as 
a  signature  to  my  published  works  and  to  different 
deeds,  I  judged  it  right  to  preserve  it.  If  this  be  a 
crime,  I  participate  in  the  guilt  of  the  French  literati, 
•who,  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  made 
no  scruple  whatsoever  of  grecising  or  (if  we  may  use 
the  expressions)  latinising  their  appellations.  Arouet, 
to  escape  from  a  reproachful  pun  upon  his  name, 
changed  it  into  that  of  Voltaire.  The  Anglomania  (if 
such  it  may  be  called)  has  occasioned  me  to  alter 
mine ;  not,  as  it  has  been  pretended,  to  draw  in  dupes, 
or  to  avoid  passing  for  the  son  of  my  father,  since  I 
have  perpetually  borne,  signed,  and  printed  the  name 
of  my  father  after  that  second  name  which  was  given 
to  me  according  to  the  custom  of  my  country." 

There  are  many  other  interesting  particulars,  but 
the  above  is  all  that  bears  upon  his  adoption  of 
the  name  Warville,  and  will,  perhaps,  be  con- 
sidered pretty  conclusive.  N.  J.  A. 

uBranksn  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  149.).  — In  Wodrow's 
Biographical  Collections,  vol.  ii.  p.  72.,  under  the 
date  June  15,  1596,  will  be  found  the  following : 

"  The  Session  (of  Glasgow)  appoint  jorgs  and  branks 
to  be  made  for  punishing  flyters." 

I  cannot  at  this  moment  refer  particularly,  but 
I  know  that  the  word  is  to  be  found  in  Burns' 
Poems  in  the  sense  of  a  rustic  bit  or  bridle.  The 
term  is  still  in  use  in  the  west  of  Scotland ;  and 
country  horses,  within  the  memory  of  many,  were 
tormented  with  the  clumsy  contrivance  across 
their  noses.  With  all  its  clumsiness  it  was  very 
powerful,  as  it  pressed  on  the  nostrils  of  the 
animal:  its  action  was  somewhat  like  that  of  a 
pair  of  scissors.  L.  N.  R. 

Theobald  le  Botiller  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  367.)-  —  If 
MB.  DEVEREUX  refers  to  Lynch  on  Feudal  Dig- 
nities, p.  81.,  he  will  find  that  Theobald  le  Bo- 
tiller,  called  the  second  hereditary  Butler  of  Ire- 
land, was  of  age  in  1220,  and  died,  not  in  1230, 
but  in  1248  ;  that  he  married  Koesia  de  Verdon  ; 
that  his  eldest  son  and  heir  was  Theobald,  third 
Butler  (grandfather  of  Edmund,  sixth  Butler, 
who  was  created  Earl  of  Carrick),  and  that  by  the 
same  marriage  he  was  also  the  ancestor  of  the 
Verdons  of  England  and  of  Ireland.  Now,  in 
Lodge's  Peerage  by  Archdall,  1789,  vol.iv.  p.  5., 
it  is  said  that  the  wife  of  Theobald,  second  Butler, 
was  Joane,  eldest  sister  and  co-heir  of  John  de 
Marisco,  a  great  baron  in  Ireland ;  and  thirdly, 
Sir  Bernard  Burke,  in  his  Extinct  Peerage,  makes 
his  wife  to  be  Maud,  sister  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 
Which  of  these  three  accounts  am  I  to  believe  ? 

Y.  S.  M. 


Lord  Harington  (not  Harrington)  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  366.).  —  In  Collins'  Peerage,  by  Sir  Egerton 
Brydges,  ed.  1812,  I  find  that  Hugh  Courtenay, 
second  Earl  of  Devon,  born  in  1303,  had  a  daugh- 
ter Catherine,  who  married  first,  Lord  Harington, 
and  secondly,  Sir  Thomas  Engain.  This  evidently 
must  have  been  John,  second  Lord  Harington, 
who  died  in  1363,  and  not  William,  fifth  lord,  as 
given  in  Burke  :  the  fifth  lord  was  not  born  till 
after  1384,  and  died  in  1457.  Y.  S.  M. 

Amontillado  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  222.).  —  This  wine  was 
first  imported  into  England  about  the  year  1811, 
and  the  supply  was  so  small,  that  the  entire  quan- 
tity was  only  sufficient  for  the  table  of  three  con- 
sumers, who  speedily  became  attached  to  it,  and 
thenceforward  drank  no  other  sherry.  One  of 
these  was  His  Royal  Highness  the  late  Duke  of 
Kent ;  and  another,  an  old  friend  of  one  who  now 
ventures  from  a  distant  recollection  to  give  an 
account  of  its  origin. 

The  winegrowers  at  Xeres  de  la  Frontera  had 
been  obliged,  in  consequence  of  the  increasing 
demand  for  sherry,  to  extend  their  vineyards  up 
the  sides  of  the  mountains,  beyond  the  natural 
soil  of  the  sherry  grape.  The  produce  thus  ob- 
tained was  mixed  with  the  fruit  of  the  more  genial 
soil  below,  and  a  very  good  sherry  for  common 
use  was  the  result. 

When  the  French  devastated  the  neighbourhood 
of  Xeres  in  1809,  they  destroyed  many  of  the 
vineyards,  and  for  a  time  put  the  winegrowers  to 
great  shifts.  One  house  in  particular  was  obliged 
to  have  recourse  chiefly  to  the  mountain  grape 
for  the  support  of  its  trade,  and  for  the  first  time 
manufactured  it  without  admixture  into  wine. 
Very  few  butts  of  this  produce  would  stand,  and 
by  far  the  greater  portion  was  treated  with  brandy 
to  make  it  saleable. 

The  small  quantity  that  resisted  the  acetous 
fermentation,  turned  out  to  be  very  different  in 
flavour  to  the  ordinary  sherry  wine,  and  it  was 
sent  over  to  this  country  under  the  name  of 
Amontillado  sherry,  from  the  circumstance  of  the 
grape  having  been  grown  on  the  mountains. 

The  genuine  wine  is  very  delicate,  with  a  pe- 
culiar flavour,  slightly  aromatic  rather  than  nutty ; 
and  answers  admirably  to  the  improved  taste  of 
the  present  age.  PATONCE. 

"Mairdil"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  233.).— I  have  heard 
the  word  "  maddle"  often  used  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  in  exactly  the  same  sense  as  the 
word  mairdil,  as  mentioned  by  MR.  STEPHENS. 
And  in  this  part  the  work-people  would  use  the 
word  "muddle"  in  a  similar  sense.  J.  L.  SISSON. 

Separation  of  the  Sexes  in  Church  (Vol.  ii., 
p.  94.). — In  many  churches  in  Lower  Brittany  I 
observed  that  the  women  occupied  the  nave  ex- 
clusively, the  men  placing  themselves  in  the  aisles. 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


337 


I  speak,  of  course,  of  Roman  Catholic  churches  ; 
but  I  believe  that  in  the  Protestant  congregations 
in  France,  the  rule  of  the  separation  of  the  sexes 
has  always  been  observed. 

In  the  island  of  Guernsey  it  has  been  usual, 
although  the  custom  is  now  beginning  to  be  broken 
through,  for  the  men  to  communicate  before  the 
women.  As  the  Presbyterian  discipline  was  in- 
troduced into  that  island  from  France  and  Geneva, 
and  prevailed  there  from  the  time  of  the  Reform- 
ation until  the  Restoration  of  Charles  II.,  it  is 
probable  that  this  usage  is  a  remnant  of  the  rule 
by  which  the  sexes  were  separated  during  divine 
service.  EDGAR  MACCULLOCH. 

Guernsey. 

Costume  of  the  Clergy  not  Enarean  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  101.).  —  A.  C.  M.  has  no  other  authority  for 
calling  the  cassock  and  girdle  of  the  clergy  "  effe- 
minate," or  "  a  relique  of  the  ancient  priestly  pre- 
dilection for  female  attire,"  than  the  contrast  to 
the  close-fitting  skin-tight  fashion  adopted  by 
modern  European  tailors ;  the  same  might  be 
said  of  any  flowing  kind  of  robe,  such  as  the 
Eastern  costume,  or  that  of  the  English  judges, 
which  as  nearly  approaches  to  the  cassock  and 
cincture  as  possible.  In  a  late  number  of  the 
Illustrated  London  News  will  be  found  drawings 
from  the  new  statues  of  the  kings  of  England  lately 
erected  in  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament :  of,  I 
think,  twelve  there  represented,  eight  have  a  "  pet- 
ticoat-like cassock,"  or  frock,  and  of  course  for 
convenience  a  girdle. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  us 
when  the  cassock  was  introduced  as  an  ecclesias- 
tical dress,  whether  it  was  then  worn  by  persons 
of  other  vocations,  and  what  was  the  ecclesiastical 
costume  (if  any)  which  it  superseded  ?  H.  P. 

Inedited  Letter  of  Lord  Nelson  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  241.).  —  On  behalf  of  the  precious  pa^es  of 
*'  N.  &  Q.,"  I  beg  leave  to  protest  against  printing 
as  inedited  what  a  very  slight  degree  of  research 
would  have  found  to  have  been  long  since  pub- 
lished. The  letter  in  question  will  be  found  in 
Clarke  and  M* Arthur's  Life  of  Nelson,  vol.  ii. 
p.  431.,  and  in  Nicolas' s  Nelson  Despatches, 
vol.  vii.  p.  75. 

I  am  induced  to  notice  this  especially,  in  the 
hope  that  MR.  JACOB,  who  promises  us  future 
communications  of  the  same  class,  may  previously 
satisfy  himself  that  they  are  inedited.  C. 

Views  in  London  ly  Canaletto  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  106.). 
—  In  reply  to  the  inquiry  of  your  correspondent 
GONDOLA,  with  respect  to  views  of  London  painted 
by  Canaletto,  whose  announcement  of  them  he 
quotes,  I  beg  to  inform  him  that  I  have  in  my 
collection  one  of  these  views,  "  The  Thames  from 
the  Temple  Gardens,"  in  which  it  is  curious  to 


trace,  in  Thames  wherries,  grave  Templars,  and 
London  atmosphere,  the  hand  that  was  usually 
employed  on  gondolas,  maskers,  and  Italian  skies. 
I  believe  that  others  of  his  London  views  are  in 
the  collections  of  the  Dukes  of  Northumberland 
and  Buccleuch.  EDMUND  PHIPPS. 

Park  Lane. 

Richard  Geering  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  504.).  —  I  thank 
JULIA  R.  BOCKETT  for  her  Reply ;  and  if  H.  C.  C. 
will  send  me  a  copy  of  the  Geering  pedigree  and 
arms,  I  shall  feel  much  obliged,  and  should  I  suc- 
ceed in  discovering  any  particulars  of  Richard's 
ancestry,  I  shall  willingly  communicate  the  result 
to  him.  I  have  already  sent  you  my  name  and 
address,  but  not  for  publication ;  and  I  added  a 
stamped  envelope,  in  case  any  person  wished  to 
communicate  directly  with  me.  I  can  have  no 
objection  to  your  giving  my  address  privately  to 
any  one,  but  being  "  unknown  to  fame,"  I  prefer 
retaining  in  your  pages  the  incognito  I  have  as- 
sumed. I  quite  agree  with  the  remarks  of  H.  B.  C. 
and  MR.  KING,  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  112.  182. 

Y.  S.  M. 

Grafts  and  the  Parent  Tree  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  865. 
436.  486.536.).  — I  was  equally  surprised  with 
H.  C.  K.  at  the  dictum  of  MR.  INGLEBY,  that 
"  grafts  after  some  fifteen  years  wear  themselves 
out,"  but  the  ground  for  such  a  belief  is  fairly 
suggested  by  J.  G.  (p.  536.),  otherwise  I  am  afraid 
the  almost  universal  experience  of  orchardists 
would  contradict  MR.  INGLEBY'S  theory.  The 
"  Ross  Nonpareil,"  a  well-known  and  valuable 
fruit,  was,  like  the  Ribston  Pippin,  singular  to 
say,  raised  from  Normandy  seed.  The  fact  has 
been  often  told  to  me  by  a  gentleman  who  died 
several  years  since,  at  a  very  advanced  age,  in  the 
town  of  New  Ross,  co.  Wexford.  He  perfectly 
remembered  the  original  tree  standing  in  the 
garden  attached  to  the  endowed  school  in  that 
town,  where  it  had  been  originally  planted  by  Sir 
John  Ivory,  the  son  or  grandson  of  a  Cromwellian 
settler,  who  raised  it  from  seed,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  eighteenth  century ;  and  who  left  his 
own  dwelling-house  in  New  Ross  to  be  a  school, 
and  endowed  it  out  of  his  estates.  The  tree  has 
long  since  decayed,  but  its  innumerable  grafted 
successors  are  in  the  most  flourishing  condition. 
The  flavour  of  this  apple  lies  chiefly  in  its  rind. 

Y.S.M. 

Golden  Tooth  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  382.).  —  I  recollect 
very  well,  when  a  boy,  trying  to  keep  my  tongue 
out  of  the  cavity  from  whence  a  tooth  had  been 
extracted,  in  the  hope  of  acquiring  the  golden 
tooth  promised  to  me  by  my  old  nurse,  and  after 
several  attempts  having  succeeded  in  refraining 
for  four-and-twenty  hours  (the  period  required  to 
elapse),  and  no  gold  tooth  appearing,  I  well  re- 
member my  disgust  and  disappointment.  This 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  232. 


folk  lore  (query  lure)  was,  and  I  believe  still  is,  in 
full  force  in  the  south  of  Ireland,  and  probably 
elsewhere.  Y.  S.  M. 

Cambridge  Mathematical  Questions  (Vol.  ix., 
p. 35.).  —  These  are  so  far  put  forth  "by  au- 
thority "  as  the  publication  in  the  Cambridge  Ca- 
lendar, and  the  two  local  newspapers  goes ;  a 
collection  of  the  Senate  House  Papers  for  "  Ho- 
nours" from  1838  to  1849,  has  also  been  pub- 
lished, arranged  according  to  subjects,  by  Rev. 
A.  H.  Frost,  M.A.,  of  St.  John's  College. 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

Lichfield  Bower  or  Wappenschau  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  242.).  —  In  answer  to  MR.  LAMONT'S  question, 
I  have  to  inform  him  that  in  this  city  a  similar 
wappenschau,  or  exhibition  of  arms,  has  been  an- 
nually maintained,  with  a  short  intermission,  from 
time  immemorial.  The  Court  of  Array  held  on 
Whit  Monday  was  anciently  commenced,  accord- 
ing to  Pitt,  by  the  high  constables  of  this  city, 
attended  by  ten  men  with  firelocks,  and  adorned 
with  ribbons,  preceded  by  eight  morris-dancers, 
and  a  clown  fantastically  dressed,  escorting  the 
sheriff,  town  clerk,  and  bailiffs  from  the  Guildhall 
to  the  Bower  at  Greenhill,  temporarily  erected  for 
their  reception,  where  the  names  of  all  the  house- 
holders and  others  of  the  twenty-one  wards  of  the 
city  were  called  to  do  suit  and  service  to  "  the 
court  of  review  of  men  and  arms."  The  dozener, 
or  petty  constable  of  each  ward,  was  summoned 
to  attend,  who  with  a  flag  joined  the  procession 
through  his  ward,  when  a  volley  was  fired  over 
every  house  in  it,  and  the  procession  was  regaled 
by  the  inhabitants  with  refreshments.  Those  in- 
habitants who,  on  such  summons,  proceeded  to 
the  Bower,  were  regaled  with  a  cold  collation. 
Those  who  did  not  attend  (for  the  names  of  each 
ward  were  called  over)  were  fined  one  penny  each. 
The  twenty-one  wards  require  a  long  day  for  this 
purpose,  and  it  is  concluded  by  a  procession  to 
the  market-place,  where  the  town  clerk  informs 
them  that  the  firm  allegiance  of  their  ancestors 
had  obtained  grants  to  their  city  of  valuable 
charters  and  immunities,  and  advises  them  to  con- 
tinue in  the  same  course.  The  dozeners  then 
deposit  their  flags  under  the  belfry  in  the  adjacent 
church  of  St.  Mary's.  This  ceremony  still  con- 
tinues, with  the  exception  of  the  armed  men  and 
the  firing.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Anecdote  of  George  IV.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  244.).— 
In  the  letter  supposed  to  be  written  by  the  late 
Prince  of  Wales  when  a  child,  I  observe  these 
words  :  "  which  I  have  stolen  from  the  old  woman 
(the  queen)."  I  think  it  more  probable  that  the 
writer  refers  to  Mrs.  Schwellenberg,  an  old  Ger- 
man lady,  who  came  over  with  the  late  queen  as 
a  confidential  domestic,  and  who  would  have  such 


articles  under  her  keeping.  (See  Diary  of  Madame 
D 'Arblay.)  The  transaction  is  a  notable  instance 
of  the  prince's  forethought  and  liberality  at  an 
early  age.  W.  H. 

Pedigree  to  the  Time  of  Alfred  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  586. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  233.).  —  I  beg  to  inform  your  cor- 
respondent S.  D.  that  she  will  find  a  very  inte- 
resting notice  of  the  Wapshot  family  in  Chertsey 
and  its  Neighbourhood,  by  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall,  1853. 

GEO.  BISH  WEBB. 

Tortoiseshell  Tom-cat  (Vol.v.,  p.  465.;  Vol.  viiM 
p.  271.). — I  have  certainly  heard  of  tortoiseshell 
tom-cats ;  but  never  having  seen  one,  I  cannot 
affirm  that  any  such  exist.  The  fact  of  their 
rarity  is  undoubted ;  but  I  should  like  to  be  in- 
formed by  W.  R.,  or  any  other  person  who  has 
paid  particular  attention  to  the  natural  history  of 
this  useful  and  much  calumniated  domestic  animal, 
whether  yellow  female  cats  are  not  quite  as  un- 
common as  tortoisesheli  males  ? 

HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 


(NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  new  edition  of  Mr.  Smee's  valuable  little  work 
on  The  Eye  in  Health  and  Disease,  is  one  to  which 
we  desire  to  direct  the  attention  of  all  our  readers,  for 
the  subject  is  one  of  great  importance,  and  more  espe- 
cially to  reading  men.  Mr.  Smee  has  obviously  de- 
voted great  attention  to  the  various  derangements  to 
which  this  hardly-worked  yet  beautifully-delicate  organ 
is  liable ;  and  his  remarks  cannot  fail  to  prove  of  great 
service  to  those  who  require  the  assistance  either  of  the 
oculist  or  the  optician.  To  our  photographic  readers, 
the  present  reprint  will  be  of  especial  interest  for  the 
very  able  paper  "  On  the  Stereoscope  and  Binocular  Per- 
spective" which  is  appended  to  it. 

The  Homeric  Design  of  the  Shield  of  Achilles,  by 
William  Watkiss  Lloyd.  A  dissertation  on  a  subject 
immortalised  by  the  poetry  of  Homer  and  the  sculp- 
ture of  Flaxman,  which  will  well  repay  our  classical 
readers  for  the  time  spent  in  its  perusal. 

Architectural  Botany,  setting  forth  the  Geometrical 
Distribution  of  Foliage,  Flowers,  Fruits,  §-c.  —  a  sepa- 
rately published  extract  from  Mr.  W.  P.  Griffith's 
Ancient  Gothic  Churches  —  is  a  farther  endeavour  on  the 
part  of  the  author  to  direct  attention  to  the  laws  by 
which  vegetable  productions  were  created  and  imitated 
by  the  early  architects,  and  thereby  to  contribute  to 
securing  greater  beauty  and  precision  on  the  part  of 
their  successors  to  the  decoration  of  churches. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Empire,  with  Notes  by  Milman  and  Guizot, 
edited  by  Dr.  William  Smith.  The  second  volume  of 
this  handsome  edition,  forming  part  of  Murray's  British 
Classics,  extends  from  the  reign  of  Claudius  to  Julian's 
victories  in  Gaul.  —  The  Archaeologia  Cambrensis,  New 


APRIL  8.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


339 


Series,  No.  XVII. ,  has,  in  addition  to  an  excellent  ar- 
ticle by  Mr.  Hartshorne  on  Conway  Castle,  a  number 
of  other  papers  on  subjects  connected  with  the  Princi- 
pality. —  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England,  by  Agnes 
Strickland,  Vol.  IV.,  is  entirely  dedicated  to  Glorious 
Queen  Bess,  of  whom  we  think  far  more  highly  than 
her  biographer.  —  Poetical  Works  of  William  Cowper, 
edited  by  Robert  Bell,  Vol.  I.  Cowper  is  so  great  and 
deserved  a  favourite,  that  his  works  will  probably  be 
among  the  most  popular  portion  of  Parker's  Annotated 
Edition  of  the  English  Poets.  —  The  Journal  of  Sacred 
Literature,  New  Series,  No.  XL,  April  1854,  contains 
thirteen  various  articles  illustrative  of  the  Sacred 
Writings,  besides  its  valuable  miscellaneous  correspon- 
dence and  intelligence.  —  Macaulai/s  Critical  and  His- 
torical Essays.  Part  II.  of  the  People's  Edition  con- 
tains for  one  shilling  some  six  or  seven  of  these  brilliant 
essays,  including  those  on  Moore's  Byron,  Boswell's 
Johnson,  Nugent's  Hampden,  and  Burleigh.  —  The 
Cyclopedia  Bibliographica,  Part  XIX.  The  first 
portion  of  this  valuable  work  must  be  drawing  rapidly 
to  a  close,  as  this  nineteenth  part  extends  to  Rev.  R. 
Valpy. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

THE  WORKS  OF  DR.  JONATHAN  SWIFT.      London,  printed  for 

C.  Bathurst,  in   Fleet  Street,   1768.      Vol.  VII.      (Vol.  VI. 

ending  with  "  Verses  on  the  Death  of  Dr.  Swift,"  written  in 

Nov.  1731.) 

BYRON'S  WORKS.    Vol.  VI.  of  Murray's  Edition.    1829. 
The  Volume  of  the  LONDON   POLYGLOTT  which  contains  the 

Prophets.    Imperfection  in  other  parts  of  no  consequence. 
CARLISLE  ON  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS. 
THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.  London,  1828.   12rao.  Two  copies. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent  to  MB.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "  NOTliS  AND 
QUKRIES."  186.  Fleet  Street. 

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MESSRS.   ALLSOPP    &    SONS   take   the 


FAMILIES   that   their 


ng    to 
ALES, 


so  strongly 


recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
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GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
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asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
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• 

N  ( 


H.     HART,     RECORD 

AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 

,who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 

many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 

TTEAL     &     SON'S     SPRING 

L  MATTRESSES.  — The  most  durable 
Bedding  is  a  well-made  SPRING  MAT- 
TRESS ;  it  retains  its  elasticity,  and  will  wear 
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and  with  one  French  Wool  and  Hair  Mattress 
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HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATA- 
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of  every  description  of  Bedding,  and  is  sent 
free  by  Post. 
HEAL  &  SON,  196.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  232. 


A  RUNDEL    SOCIETY.  —  The 

J\_  Publication  of  the  Fourth  Year  (1352-31, 
consisting  of  E'erht  Wood  Engravings  by 
MESSRS.  DALZIEL,  from  Mr.  W.  Oliver 
•Williams'  Drawing!  after  GIOTTO'S  Frescos 
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have  not  paid  their  Subscriptions  are  requested 
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Office  Order,  payable  at  the  Charing  Cross 
Office. 

JOHN  J.  ROGERS, 

Treasurer  and  Hon.  Sec. 
13.  &  14.  Pall  Mall  East. 
March,  1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
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Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
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JL  A.  MARION  &  CO.  beg  to  inform  the 
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Positive  and  Negative  (not  prepared).  Simple 
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Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  :  and  published  by  GEORGE  BEI.L,  of  No.  18ii.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstau  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  136.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.-  Saturday,  April  8. 1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 
TOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  233.] 


SATURDAY,  APRIL  15.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES  :  —  Page 

Palindrome  Verses  -  343 

Children  crying  at  their  Birth    -          -    343 
Unpublished  Letter  of  Lord  Nelson,  by 

E.  G.  Bass  -  -  -  .  .      -    344 

FOI.K  LOHE  :—  Devonshire  Superstitions 
—  Quacks  —  Burning  a  Tooth  with 
Salt  -  -  -  -  -  344 

Parallel  Passages,   by  H.  L.  Temple, 

Cuthbert  Bede,  £c.  -  -  -  345 
MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Vallancey's  Green 
Book—  Herrings  —  Byron  and  Roche- 
foucauld —  "Abscond"  —  Garlands, 
Broadsheets,  &c.  —  Life-belts  —  Tur- 
key and  .Russia  —  "Verbatim  et  lite- 
ratim" -  -  -  -  -  317 

QCEIUF.S  :  — 

Prints  of  London  before  the  Great  Fire  348 

Battle  of  Otterburn,  by  J.  S.  Warden    -  348 

De  Beauvoir  Pedigree,  by  T.  R.  Potter  -  349 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Dog-whippers  : 
Frankincense  —  Atchievement  in 
Yorkshire  :  Lipyeatt  Family—"  Wae- 
start"  —  Rebellion  of  1715  —  "Athe- 
nian Sport"  —  Gutta  Percha  made 
soluble  —  Arms  of  Anthony  Kitchen 

—  Griesbach  Arms  —  Postage  System 
of  the  Romans  —  Three  Crowns  and 
Sugar-loaf  —  Helen      MacGregor  — 
Francis  Grose  the  Antiquary  —  "  King 
of  Kings  :  "    Bishop   Andrews'   Ser- 
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•Caricature  ;  a  Canterbury  Tale  —  Per- 
petual  Curates    not    represented   in 
Convocation  —  Dr.    Whichcote     and 
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—  Shelley's  "Prometheus  Unbound" 

—  Turkish  Language     -          -          -    349 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
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Jnman  Family,  by  T.  Hughes  -  -  353 

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Hardman's  Account  of  Waterloo  -  355 

Churches  in  "Domesday  Book,"  by 

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[No.  233. 


ARCH  GEOLOGIC  AL  WORKS 


JOHN  YONGE  AIERMAN, 

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Account  of  Sir  Toby  Caulfleld  rendered  to 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


343, 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  15,  1854. 


PALINDROME    VERSES. 

•  B<EOTICUS  inquires  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  209.)  whence 
comes  the  line — 

"  Roma  tibi  subito  motibus  ibit  amor." 

In  p.  352.  of  the  same  volume  W.  W.  T.  (quoting 
from  D'Israeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature  a  passage 
which  supplies  the  hexameter  completing  the  dis- 
tich, and  attributes  the  verses  to  Sidonius  Apol- 
linaris)  asks  where  may  be  found  a  legend  which 
represents  the  two  lines  to  have  formed  part  of  a 
dialogue  between  the  fiend,  under  the  form  of  a 
mule,  and  a  monk,  who  was  his  rider.  B.  H.  C., 
at  p.  521.  of  the  same  volume,  sends  a  passage 
from  the  Dictionnaire  Litteraire,  giving  the  com- 
plete distich : 

"  Signa  te,  signa,  temere  me  tangis  et  angis. 
Roma  tibi  subito  motibus  ibit  amor," 

and  attributing  it  to  the  devil,  but  without  sup- 
plying any  more  authentic  parentage  for  the  lines. 
The  following  Note  will  contribute  a  fact  or  two 
to  the  investigation  of  the  subject ;  but  I  shall  be 
obliged  to  conclude  by  reiterating  the  original 
Query  of  BCEOTICUS,  Who  was  the  real  author  of 
the  lines  ? 

In  a  little  work  entitled  A  Summer  in  Brittany, 
published  by  me  in  1840,  may  be  found  (at  p.  99. 
of  vol.  i.)  a  legend,  which  relates  how  one  Jean 
Patye,  canon  of  Cambremer,  in  the  chapter  of 
Bayeux,  rode  the  devil  to  Rome,  for  the  purpose 
of  there  chanting  the  epistle  at  the  midnight  mass 
at  Christmas,  according  to  the  tenor  of  an  ancient 
bond,  which  obliged  the  chapter  to  send  one  of 
their  number  yearly  to  Rome  for  that  purpose. 
This  story  I  met  with  in  a  little  volume,  entitled 
Contes  populaires,  Prejuges,  Patois,  Proverbes  de 
T  Arrondissement  de  Bayeux,  recueillis  et  publics, 
par  F.  Pluquet,  the  frontispiece  of  which  consists 
of  a  sufficiently  graphic  representation  of  the 
worthy  canon's  feat.  Pluquet  concludes  his  nar- 
rative by  stating  that  — 

"  Etienne  Tabourot  dans  ses  Bigarrures,  publics  sous 
le  nom  du  Seigneur  des  Accords,  rapporte  que  c'est  a 
Saint  Antide  que  le  diable,  qui  le  portait  a  Rome  sur 
son  dos,  adresse  le  distique  latin  dont  il  est  question 
ci-dessus." 

It  should  seem  that  this  trick  of  carrying  people 
to  Rome  was  attributed  to  the  devil,  by  those  con- 
versant with  his  habits,  in  other  centuries  besides 
the  nineteenth. 

I  have  not  here  the  means  of  looking  at  the 
work  to  which  Pluquet  refers  ;  but  if  any  of  your 
correspondents,  who  live  in  more  bookish  lands 
than  this,  will  do  so,  they  may  perchance  obtain 


some  clue  to  the  original  authorship  of  the  lines ; 
for  in  Sidonius  Apollinaris  I  cannot  find  them. 
The  only  edition  of  his  works  to  which  I  have  the 
means  of  referring  is  the  quarto  of  Adrien  Perrier, 
Paris,  1609.  Among  the  verses  contained  in  that 
volume,  I  think  I  can  assert  that  the  lines  in  ques- 
tion are  not.  We  all  know  that  the  worthy  author 
of  the  Curiosities  of  Literature  cannot  be  much 
depended  upon  for  accuracy. 

Once  again,  then,  Who  was  the  author  of  this 
specimen,  perhaps  the  most  perfect  extant,  of 
palindromic  absurdity  ?  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 


CHILDREN    CRYING   AT    THEIR    BIRTH. 

"  When  I  was  born,  I  drew  in  the  common  air,  and 
fell  upon  the  earth,  which  is  of  like  nature,  and  the  first 
voice  which  I  uttered  was  crying,  as  all  others  do."  — 
Wisd.  vii.  3. 

"  Turn  porro  Puer,  ut  sasvis  projectus  ab  undis 
Navita,  nudus,  humi  jacet,  Infans,  indigus  omni 
Vitali  auxilio ;  cum  primum  in  luminis  oras 
Nixibus  ex  alvo  matris  natura  profudit : 
Vagituque  locum  lugubri  complet,  ut  aequum  est, 
Cui  tantum  in  vita  restet  transire  malorum." 

Lucret.  De  Rer.  Nat.,  v.  223. 

For  the  benefit  of  the  lady-readers  of  "  N.  & 
Q."  I  subjoin  a  translation  of  these  beautiful  lines 
of  Lucretius  : 

"  The  infant,  as  soon  as  Nature  with  great  pangs  of 
travail  hath  sent  it  forth  from  the  womb  of  its  mother 
into  the  regions  of  light,  lies,  like  a  sailor  cast  out 
from  the  waves,  naked  upon  the  earth  in  utter  want  and 
helplessness  ;  and  fills  every  place  around  with  mournful 
waitings  and  piteous  lamentation,  as  is  natural  for  one 
who  has  so  many  ills  of  life  in  store  for  him,  so  many 
evils  which  he  must  pass  through  and  suffer." 

"  Thou  must  be  patient :  We  came  crying  hither  ; 
Thou  know'st,  the  first  time  that  we  smell  the  air, 
We  wawle  and  cry  — 

When  we  are  born,  we  cry  that  we  are  come 
To  this  great  stage  of  fools."  —  Shakspeare's  Lear. 

*'  Who  remindeth  me  of  the  sins  of  my  infancy  ? 
'  For  in  Thy  sight  none  is  pure  from  sin,  not  even  the 
infant  whose  life  is  but  a  day  upon  the  earth.'  (Job 
xxv.  4.)  Who  remindeth  me  ?  Doth  not  each  little 
infant,  in  whom  I  see  what  of  myself  I  remember  not? 
What  then  was  my  sin  ?  Was  it  that  I  hung  upon  the 
breast  and  cried?" — St.  Austin,  Confess.,  lib.  i.  7. 

"  For  man's  sake  it  should  seeme  that  Nature  made 
and  produced  all  other  creatures  besides  ;  though  this 
great  favour  of  hers,  so  bountifull  and  beneficiall  in- 
that  respect,  hath  cost  them  full  deere.  Insomuch  as 
it  is  hard  to  judge,  whether  in  so  doing  she  hath  done 
the  part  of  a  kind  mother,  or  a  hard  and  cruell  step- 
dame.  For  first  and  foremost,  of  all  other  living  crea- 
tures, man  she  hath  brought  forth  all  naked,  and 
cloathed  him  with  the  good  and  riches  of  others.  To 
all  the  rest  she  hath  given  sufficient  to  clad  them  everie 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


one  according  to  their  kind ;  as  namely  shells,  cods, 
hard  hides,  prickes,  sbagge,  bristles,  haire,  downe, 
feathers,  quils,  skailes,  and  fleeces  of  wool.  The  verie 
trunkes  and  stemmes  of  trees  and  plants,  shee  hath  de- 
fended with  bark  and  rind,  yea,  and  the  same  sometime 
double  against  the  injuries  both  of  heat  and  cold  : 
man  alone,  poore  wretch,  she  hath  laid  all  naked  upon 
the  bare  earth,  even  on  his  birth-day,  to  cry  and  wraule 
presently  from  the  very  first  houre  that  he  is  borne  into 
this  world :  in  suche  sort  as,  among  so  many  living  crea- 
tures, there  is  none  subject  to  shed  teares  and  weepe  like 
him.  And  verily  to  no  babe  or  infant  is  it  given  once  to 
laugh  before  he  be  fortie  dates  old,  and  that  is  counted 
verie  early  and  with  the  soonest.  .  .  .  The  child 
of  man  thus  untowardly  borne,  and  who  another  day  is 
to  rule  and  command  all  other,  loe  how  he  lyeth  bound 
hand  and  foot,  weeping  and  crying,  and  beginning  his 
life  with  miserie,  as  if  he  were  to  make  amends  and 
satisfaction  by  his  punishment  unto  Nature,  for  this 
onely  fault  and  trespass,  that  he  is  borne  alive." — 
Plinie's  Naturall  Historic,  by  Phil.  Holland,  Lond. 
1601,  fol.,  intr.  to  b.  vii. 

The  following  queries  are  extracted  from  Sir 
Thomas  Browne's  "  Common-place  Books,"  Ari- 
stotle, Lib.  Animal.: 

"  Whether  till  after  forty  days  children,  though  they 
cry,  weep  not ;  or,  as  Scaliger  expresseth  it,  '  Vagiunt 
sed  oculis  siccis.' 

"  Whether  they  laugh  not  upon  tickling? 

"  Why,  though  some  children  have  been  heard  to 
cry  in  the  womb,  yet  so  few  cry  at  their  birth,  though 
their  heads  be  out  of  the  womb  ? "  —  Bonn's  ed.  iii. 
358. 

Thompson  follows  Pliny,  and  says  that  man  is 
"  taught  alone  to  weep  "  ("  Spring,'"'  350.)  ;  but  — 
not  to  speak  of  the 

"  Cruel  crafty  crocodile, 

Which,  in  false  grief  hiding  his  harmful  guile, 
Doth  weep  full  sore  and  s*heddeth  tender  tears," 

as  Spenser  sings  —  the  camel  weeps  when  over- 
loaded, and  the  deer  when  chased  sobs  piteously. 
Thompson  himself,  in  a  passage  he  has  stolen  from 
Shakspeare,  makes  the  stag  weep  : 

•  "he  stands  at  bay  ; 

The  big  round  tears  run  down  his  dappled  face;" 
He  groans  in  anguish." —  Autumn,  452. 

"  Steller  relates  this  of  the  Phoca  Ursina,  Pallas  of 
the  camel,  and  Humboldt  of  a  small  American 
monkey."  —  Laurence  On  Man,  Lond.  1844,  p.  161. 

Risibility,  and  a  sense  of  the  ridiculous,  is  ge- 
nerally considered  to  be  the  property  of  man, 
though  Le  Cat  states  that  he  has  seen  a  chim- 
panzee laugh. 

The  notion  with  regard  to  a  child  crying  at 
baptism  has  been  already  touched  on  in  these 
pages,  Vol.  vi.,  p.  601. ;  Vol.  vii.,  p.  96. 

Grose  (quoted  in  Brand)  tells  us  there  is  a  su- 
perstition that  a  child  who  does  not  cry  when 


sprinkled  in  baptism  will  not  live ;  and  the  same 
is  recorded  in  Hone's  Year-Book.       EIRIONNACH. 


UNPUBLISHED    LETTER    OF   LORD    NELSON. 

The  following  letter  of  Lord  "Nelson  may,  es- 
pecially at  the  present  moment,  interest  and 
amuse  some  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  The 
original  is  in  my  possession,  and  was  given  me  by 
the  late  Miss  Churchey  of  Brecon,  daughter  of  the 
gentleman  to  whom  it  was  addressed.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  inform  me  where  the  "  old  lines  " 
quoted  by  the  great  hero  are  to  be  found  ? 

E.  G.  BASS. 
Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight. 

Merton,  Oct.  20,  1 802. 
Sir, 

^  Your  idea  is  most  just  and  proper,  that  a  pro- 
vision should  be  made  for  midshipmen  who  have 
served  a  certain  time  with  good  characters,  and 
certainly  twenty  pounds  is  a  very  small  allowance ; 
but  how  will  your  surprise  be  increased,  when  I 
tell  you  that  their  full  pay,  when  -watching,  fight- 
ing, and  bleeding  for  their  country  at  sea,  is  not 
equal  to  that  sum.  An  admiral's  half-pay  is 
scarcely  equal,  including  the  run  of  a  kitchen,  to 
that  of  a  French  cook;  a  captain's  but  little 
better  than  a  valet's  ;  and  a  lieutenant's  certainly 
not  equal  to  a  London  footman's ;  a  midshipman's 
nothing.  But  as  I  am  a  seaman,  and  faring  with 
them,  I  can  say  nothing.  I  will  only  apply  some 
very  old  lines  wrote  at  the  end  of  some  former 
war: 

/'  Our  God  and  sailor  we  adore, 
In  time  of  danger,  not  before  ; 
The  danger  past,  both  are  alike  requited, 
God  is  forgotten,  and  the  sailor  slighted." 

feelings  do  you  great  honour,  and  I  only 
wish  all  others  in  the  kingdom  were  the  same. 
However,  if  ever  I  should  be  placed  in  a  situation 
to  be  useful  to  such  a  deserving  set  of  young  men 
as  our  mids,  nothing  shall  be  left  undone  which 
may  be  in  the  power  of, 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

NELSON  AND  BRONTE. 
Walton  Churchey,  Esq., 
Brecon,  S.  Wales. 


TOLK   LORE. 


Devonshire  Superstitions.  —  Seeing  that  you 
sometimes  insert  extracts  from  newspapers,  I  for- 
ward you  a  copy  of  a  paragraph  which  appeared 
in  The  Times  of  March  7,  1854,  and  which  is 
worth  a  corner  in  your  folk-lore  columns  : 

"  The  following  gross  case  of  superstition,  which  oc- 
curred as  late  as  Sunday  se'nnight,  in  one  of  the  largest 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345 


market  towns  in  the  north  of  Devon,  is  related  by  an 
eye-witness :  —  A  young  woman,  living  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Holsworthy,  having  for  some  time  past 
been  subject  to  periodical  fits  of  illness,  endeavoured  to 
effect  a  cure  by  attendance  at  the  afternoon  service  at 
the  parish  church,  accompanied  by  thirty  young  men, 
her  near  neighbours.  Service  over,  she  sat  in  the 
porch  of  the  church,  and  each  of  the  young  men,  as 
they  passed  out  in  succession,  dropped  a  penny  into 
her  lap ;  but  the  last,  instead  of  a  penny,  gave  her  half- 
a-cro\vn,  taking  from  her  the  twenty-nine  pennies  which 
she  had  already  received.  With  this  half-crown  in  her 
hand,  she  walked  three  times  round  the  communion- 
table, and  afterwards  had  it  made  into  a  ring,  by  the 
wearing  of  which  she  believes  she  will  recover  her 
health." 

HAUGHMOND  ST.  CLAIR. 

Quacks. — In  tbe  neighbourhood  of  Sevenoaks, 
Kent,  a  little  girl  was  bitten  by  a  mad  dog  lately. 
Instead  of  sending  for  the  doctor,  her  father  posted 
off  to  an  old  woman  famous  for  her  treatment  of 
hydrophobia.  The  old  woman  sent  a  quart  bottle 
of  some  dark  liquid,  which  the  patient  is  to  take 
twice  or  thrice  daily  :  and  for  this  the  father, 
though  but  a  poor  labourer,  had  to  pay  one  pound. 
The  liquid  is  said  by  the  "country  sort"  to  be 
infallible.  It  is  made  of  herbs  plucked  by  the 
old  woman,  and  mixed  with  milk.  Its  preparation 
is  of  course  a  grand  secret.  As  yet,  the  child 
keeps  well. 

Near  Whitechapel,  London,  is  another  old 
woman,  equally  famous  ;  but  her  peculiar  talent 
is  not  for  hydrophobia,  but  for  scalds.  Whenever 
any  of  the  Germans  employed  in  the  numerous 
sugar-refineries  in  that  neighbourhood  scald  them- 
selves, they  beg,  instead  of  being  sent  to  the  hos- 
pital, to  be  taken  to  the  old  woman.  For  a  few 
sovereigns,  she  will  take  them  in,  nurse,  and  cure 
them;  and  I  was  informed  by  a  proprietor  of  a 
large  sugar-house  there,  that  often  in  a  week  she 
will  heal  a  scald  as  thoroughly  as  the  hospital  will 
in  a  month,  and  send  the  men  back  hearty  and  fit 
for  work  to  boot.  She  uses  a  good  deal  of  linseed- 
oil,  I  am  told ;  but  her  great  secret,  they  say,  is, 
that  she  gives  the  whole  of  her  time  and  attention 
to  the  patient.  P.  M.  M. 

Temple. 

Burning  a  Tooth  with  Salt.  —  Can  any  one  tell 
us  whence  originates  the  custom,  very  scrupu- 
lously observed  by  many  amongst  the  common 
people,  when  a  tooth  has  been  taken  out,  of  burn- 
ing it — generally  with  salt  ?  Two  SURGEONS. 

Half  Moon  Street. 


PARALLEL   PASSAGES. 

"  The  wine  of  life  is  drawn,  and  the  mere  lees 
Is  left  this  vault  to  brag  of." 

Macbeth,  Act  II.  Sc.  3. 

"  These  spells  are  spent,  and,  spent  with  these, 
The  wine  of  life  is  on  the  lees." 

Marmion,  introd.  to  canto  i. 

"  The  old  and  true  saying,  that  a  man  is  generally 
more  inclined  to  feel  kindly  towards  one  on  whom  he 
has  conferred  favours  than  towards  one  from  whom  he 
has  received  them." — Macaultiy,  Essay  on  Bacon,  p.  367. 
(1-vol.  edit.) —  Query,  whose  saying? 

"  On  s'attache  par  les  services  qu'on  rend,  bien  plus 
qu'on  n'est  attache  par  les  services  qu'on  re9oit.  C'est 
qu'il  y  a,  dans  le  cceur  de  1'homme,  bien  plus  d'orgueil 
que  de  reconnaissance." —  Alex.  Dumas,  La  Con^esse 
de  Charity,  n.  ch.  iii. 

"  But  earthlier  happy  is  the  rose  distilled 
Than  that,  which,  withering  on  the  virgin  thorn, 
Grows,  lives,  and  dies  in  single  blessedness." 

Midsum.  Night's  Dream,  Act  I.  Sc.  1. 

"  Maria.  Responde  tu  mihi  vicissim  : — utrum  spec- 
taculum  aincenius  :  rosa  nitens  et  lactea  in  suo  frutiee, 
an  decerpta  digitis  ac  paulatim  marcescens  ? 

"  Pamphilus.  Ego  rosam  existimo  feliciorem  qua) 
marcescit  in  hominis  manu,  delectans  interim  et  oculos 
et  nares,  quam  quce  senescit  in  frutice."  —  Erasmus, 
Procus  et  Puella. 


"  And  spires  whose  silent  finger  points  to  heaven."  (?) 

"  And  the  white  spire  that  points  a  world  of  rest." 
Mrs.  Sigourney,  Connecticut  River. 


She  walks  the  waters  like  a  thing  of  life" — Byron. 

"  The  master  bold, 
The  high-soul'd  and  the  brave, 
"Who  ruled  her  like  a  thing  of  life 
Amid  the  crested  wave." 

Mrs.  Sigourney,  Bell  of  the  Wreck. 


Thy  heroes,  tho'  the  general  doom 

Have  swept  the  column  from  the  tomb, 

A  mightier  monument  command,-—. 

The  mountains  of  their  native  land  I"— Byron. 

Your  mountains  build  their  monument, 

Tho'  ye  destroy  their  dust." 

Mrs.  Sigourney,  Indian  Names. 

Else  had  I  heard  the  steps,  tho'  low 
And  light  they  fell,  as  when  earth  receives, 
In  morn  of  frost,  the  wither'd  leaves 
That  drop  when  no  winds  blow." 

Scott,  Triermain,  i.  5. 

Dropp'd,  like  shed  blossoms,  silent  to  the  grass." 
Hood,  Mids.  Fairies,  viii. 
There  is  sweet  music  here  that  softer  falls 
Than  petals  from  blown  roses  on  the  grass." 

Tennyson,  Lotos-eaters. 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


"  Two  such  I  saw,  what  time  the  labour'd  ox 
In  his  loose  traces  from  the  furrow  came." 

Milton,  Conius. 

V  While  labouring  oxen,  spent  with  toil  and  heat, 
In  their  loose  traces  from  the  field  retreat." 

Pope,  Pastoraly  iii. 

"  It  is  the  curse  of  kings,  to  be  attended 
By  slaves  that  take  their  humours  for  a  warrant 
To  break  into  the  bloody  house  of  life, 
And,  on  the  winking  of  authority, 
To  understand  a  law  :   to  know  the  meaning 
Of  dangerous  majesty,  when  perchance  it  frowns 
More  upon  humour  than  advised  respect." 

King  John,  Act  IV.  Sc.  2. 
f  "  O  curse  of  kings! 

Infusing  a  dread  life  into  their  words, 
And  linking  to  the  sudden  transient  thought 
The  unchangeable,  irrevocable  deed  !" 

Coleridge,  Death  of  Wallenstein,  v.  9. 

"  Conscience ! 

Your  lank-jawed,  hungry  judge  will  dine  upon  't, 
And  hang  the  guiltless  rather  than  eat  his  mutton 
cold."  C.  Cibber,  Richard  III. 

"  The  hungry  judges  soon  the  sentence  sign, 
And  wretches  hang  that  jurymen  may  dine." 

Pope,  Rape  of  the  Lock,  iii.  21. 

HARRY  LEROT  TEMPLE. 

"  Death  and  his  brother  Sleep."  Quoted  (from 
Shelley)  with  parallel  passages  from  Sir  T.  Browne, 
Coleridge,  and  Byron  in  "N.&Q.,"  Vol.  iv.,  p. 435. 
Add  to  them  the  following  : 

"  Care-charmer  Sleep,  son  of  the  sable  Night, 
Brother  to  Death,  in  silent  darkness  born." 
Samuel  Daniel,  Spenser's  successor  as  "  volun- 
tary Laureate." 

"  Care-charming  Sleep,  thou  easer  of  all  woes, 
Brother  to  Death."  Fletcher,  Valentinian. 

"  The  death  of  each  day's  life." 

Shakspeare,  Macbeth,  Act  II.  Sc.  2. 

"  Teach  me  to  live,  that  I  may  dread 
The  grave  as  little  as  my  bed." 

Bishop  Ken. 

"  We  thought  her  sleeping  when  she  died ; 
And  dying,  when  she  slept."  —  Hood. 

"  Somne  levis,  quanquam  certissima  mortis  imago 

Consortem  cupio  te  tamen  esse  tori ; 
Alma  quies,  optata,  veni,  nam  sic  sine  vita 
Vivere  quam  suave  est ;  sic  sine  morte  mori." 

T.  Warton. 

[Finely  translated  by  Wolcot.~] 
"  Come,  gentle  sleep  !  attend  thy  vot'ry's  pray'r, 
And,  though  Death's  image,  to  my  couch  repair ; 
How  sweet,  though  lifeless,  yet  with  life  to  lie, 
And,  without  dying,  oh,  how  sweet  to  die !" 
"  While  sleep  the  weary  world  reliev'd, 
By  counterfeiting  death  revived." 

Butler,  Hudibras. 


"  Shake  off  this  downy  sleep,  death's  counterfeit, 
And  look  on  death  itself!" 

Shakspeare,  Macbeth,  Act  II.  Sc.  3. 

"  Nature,  alas  !  why  art  thou  so 
Obliged  unto  thy  greatest  foe? 
Sleep  that  is  thy  best  repast, 
Yet  of  death  it  bears  a  taste, 
And  both  are  the  same  things  at  last." 

Dennis,  Sophonisba. 
"  Great  Nature's  second  course, 
Chief  nourisher  in  life's  feast." 

Shakspeare,  Macbeth,  Act  II.  Sc.  2. 


CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

"Nothing  doth  countervail  a  faithful  friend."—. 
Ecclesias.  vi.  15. 

"  Nil  ego  contulerim  jucundo  sanus  amico." 

Hor.  Sat.  v.  44. 

"  If  thou  wouldst  get  a  friend,  prove  him  first,  and 
be  not  hasty  to  credit  him."  —  Ecclesias.  v.  7. 

"  Diu  cogita,  an  tibi  in  amicitiam  aliquis  recipiendus 
sit :  cum  placuerit  fieri,  toto  ilium  pectore  admitte :  tarn 
audacter  cum  illo  loquere,  quam  tecum."  —  Seneca, 
Epist.  iii. 

"  Quid  dulcius,  quam  habere  amicum  quicum  omnia 
audeas  sic  loquere  quam  tecum." — Cic.,  de  Amic.  6. 

"  The  friends  thou  hast,  and  their  adoption  tried, 
Grapple  them  to  thy  heart  with  hoops  of  steel." 

«'  But  do  not  dull  thy  palm  with  entertainment 
Of  each  new-hatch'd,  unfledg'd  comrade." 

Shakspeare,  Hamlet,  Act  I.  Sc.  3. 
"  Bring    not    every   man    into   thy   house."  —  Ec- 
clesias* vi.  7. 

"  A  man's  attire,  and  excessive  laughter,  and  gait, 
show  what  he  is." — Ecclesias.  xix.  30. 


The  apparel  oft  proclaims  the  man." 
Hamlet,  Act  I.  Sc.  3. 


"  Unus  Pellaeo  juveni  non  sufficit  orbis  : 
jEstuat  infelix  angusto  limite  mundi, 
Ut  Gyaree  clausus  scopulis,  parvaque  Seripho." 

Juv.  x.  168. 

"  Hamlet.  What  have  you,  my  good  friends,  deserved 
at  the  hands  of  fortune,  that  she  sends  you  to  prison 
here? 

Guildenstern.   Prison,  my  lord  ! 

Ham.  Denmark  's  a  prison. 

Rosencrantz.   Then  is  the  world  one. 

Ham.  A  goodly  one,  in  which  there  are  many  con- 
fines, wards,  and  dungeons ;  Denmark  being  one  of  the 
worst. 

Ros.   We  think  not  so,  my  lord. 

Ham.  Why,  then,  'tis  none  to  you  ;  for  there  is 
nothing  either  good  or  bad,  but  thinking  makes  it  so: 
to  me  it  is  a  prison. 

Ros.  Why,  then,  your  ambition  makes  it  one  ;  'tis 
too  narrow  for  your  mind." — Shakspeare,  Hamlet, 
Act  II.  Sc.  2. 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


347 


.  "  Ad  hanc  legem  natus  es  ;  hoc  patri  tuo  accidit, 
hoc  matri,  hoc  majoribus,  hoc  omnibus  ante  te,  hoc 
omnibus  post  te,  series  invicta,  et  nulla  mutabilis  ope, 
Jlligat  ac  trahit  cuncta." 

"  King You  must  know,  your  father  lost  a 

father ; 
.That  father  lost  — lost  his;  .... 

To  reason  most  absurd,  whose  common  theme 
Is  death  of  fathers,  and  who  still  hath  cry'd, 
From  the  first  corse,  'till  he  that  died  to-day, 
This  must  be  so."  Hamlet,  Act  I.  Sc.  2. 


" 'ATrb  5e  rov  /j.^  I'xovToy,"  &c. —  Ante,  Vol.  viii., 
p.  372. 

"  Besides  this,  nothing  that  he  so  plentifully  gives 
me." — Shakspeare,  As  You  Like  It,  Act  I.  Sc.  1. 

J.  W.  F. 

Having  observed  several  Notes  in  different 
Numbers  of  your  interesting  publication,  in  which 
sentences  have  been  quoted  from  the  works  of 
ancient  and  modern  authors  that  are  almost  alike 
in  words,  or  contain  the  same  ideas  [clothed  in 
different  language,  I  would  only  add,  that  those 
of  your  readers  or  correspondents  who  take  an  in- 
terest in  such  inquiries  will  find  instances  enough, 
in  a  work  which  was  published  in  Venice  in  1624, 
to  fill  several  columns  of  "  N.  &  Q."  The  volume 
is  entitled  II  Seminario  de  Governi  di  Stato,  et  di 
•Guerra.  W.  W. 

Malta. 


jHtturr 

Vallancey's  Green  Book. — Perhaps  your  readers 
are  not  aware  of  the  existence  of  the  curious  and 
interesting  volume  mentioned  in  the  following 
•cutting  from  Jones's  last  Catalogue  (D'Olier  St. 
.Dublin).  It  may  therefore  be  worth  making  a 
note  of  in  your  columns  : 

*'  1008.  Vallancey's  Green  Book,  manuscript,  folio. 
***  Vallancey's  Green  Book,  so  named  from  being 
bound  in  green  vellum,  was  the  volume 
in  which  the  celebrated  Irish  antiquary, 
General  Charles  Vallancey,  entered  the 
titles  of  all  the  manuscripts  and  printed 
works  relative  to  Ireland  which  he  had  oc- 
casion to  consult  in  his  antiquarian  re- 
searches. The  copy  now  offered  for  sale  is 
believed  to  be  the  only  one  extant.  Bound 
in  the  same  volume  is  a  collection  of  the 
titles  of  all  the  manuscripts  relating  to 
Ireland,  which  are  preserved  in  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury's  library,  at  Lambeth, 
London." 

"R    TT 
Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin. 

Herrings.  —  ".The  lovers  of  fish"  may  be  glad 
to  learn  what  a  bloater  is,  a  mystery  which  I  en- 


deavoured to  unravel  when  lately  on  the  Norfolk 
coast.  A  bloater,  I  was  informed,  is  a  large, 
plump  herring  (as  we  say  a  bloated  toad)  ;  and 
the  genuine  claimants  of  the  title  fall  by  their 
own  weight  from  the  meshes  of  the  net. 

The  origin  of  the  simile —  "As  dead  as  a  her- 
ring"—  may  not  be  generally  known.  This  fish 
dies  immediately  upon  its  removal  from  the  native 
element  (strange  to  say)  from  want  of  air  ;  for 
swimming  near  the  surface  it  requires  much,  and 
the  gills,  when  dry,  cannot  perform  their  function. 

C.  T. 

Byron  and  Rochefoucauld. — The  following  al- 
most word-for-word  renderings  of  two  of  Roche- 
foucauld's Reflexions  occur  in  the  third  and  fourth 
stanzas  of  the  third  canto  of  Byron's  Don  Juan. 
I  am  not  aware  that  any  notice  has  been  taken  of 
them  beyond  a  note  appended  to  the  first  passage, 
in  Moore's  edition  of  Byron's  Works,  attributing 
the  mot  to  Montaigne  : 

"  Yet  there  are  some,  they  say.  who  have  had  none, 
But  those  who  have  ne'er  end  with  only  one." 

Byron. 

*<  On  peut  trouver  des  femmes  qui  n'ont  jamais  eu 
de  galanterie ;  mais  il  est  rare  d'en  trouver  qui  n'en 
aient  jamais  eu  qu'une."  —  Rochefoucauld's  Maximes  et 
Reflexions  Morales. 

"  In  her  first  passion,  woman  loves  her  lover, 
In  all  the  others  all  she  loves  is  love." 

Byron. 

"  Dans  les  premieres  passions  les  femmes  aiment 
1'amant ;  dans  les  autres  elles  aiment  1'amour." — • 
Rochefoucauld's  Maximes  et  Reflexions  Morales. 

SIGMA. 

Customs,  London. 

"Abscond.""  —  This  is  a  word  which  appears  to 
have  lost  its  primary  meaning  of  concealment, 
apart  from  that  of  escape.  Horace  Walpole,  how- 
ever, uses  it  in  the  former  sense  : 

«  Virette  absconds,  and  has  sent  M.  de  Pecquigny 
word  that  he  shall  abscond  till  he  can  find  a  proper  op- 
portunity of  fighting  him." 

CHEVEEELLS. 

Garlands,  Broadsheets,  Sfc. — Will  you  allow  me 
to  suggest  to  your,  correspondents,  that  it  would 
be  very  desirable,  for  literary  and  antiquarian 
purposes,  to  form  as  complete  a  list  as  possible  of 
public  and  private  collections  of  garlands,  broad- 
sheets, chap-books,  ballads,  tracts,  &c. ;  and  to 
ask  them  to  forward  to  "  N.  &  Q."  the  names  of 
any  such  public  or  private  collections  as  they  may 
be  acquainted  with.  I  need  not  say  anything  of 
the  importance  and  value  of  the  ballads,  £c.,  con- 
tained in  such  collections,  to  the  historical  student 
and  the  archasologist,  for  their  value  is  too  well 
known  to  require  it ;  but  I  would  earnestly  urg'e 
the  formation  of  such  a  list  as  the  one  1  now 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


suggest,  which  will  greatly  facilitate  literary  re- 
searches. J- 

Life-belts. —  Suppose  that  each  person  on  board 
the  Tayleur  had  been  supplied  with  a  life-belt,  how 
many  hundreds  of  lives  would  have  been  saved  ? 
And  when  it  is  considered  that  such  belts  can  be 
made  for  less  than  half-a-crown  each,  what  reason 
can  there  be  that  government  should  not  require 
them  to  be  carried,  at  least  in  emigrant  vessels,  if 
passengers  are  so  ignorant  and  stupid  as  not 
voluntarily  to  provide  them  for  themselves  ? 

THINKS  I  TO  MYSELF. 

Turkey  and  Russia  —  The  Eastern  Question 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  244.).  —  The  past  history  of  these 
rival  states  presents  more  than  one  parallel  pas- 
sage like  the  following,  extracted  from  Watkins's 
Travels  through  Switzerland,  Italy,  the  Greek 
Islands,  to  Constantinople,  SfC.  (2nd  edit.,  two  vols. 
8vo.  1794)  : 

*'  The  Turks  have  been,  and  indeed  deserve  to  be, 
praised  for  the  manner  in  which  they  declared  war 
against  the  Russians.  They  sent  by  Mr.  Bulgakoff, 
her  Imperial  Majesty's  minister  at  the  Porte,  to 
demand  the  restitution  of  the  Crimea,  which  had  been 

extorted  from  them  by  the  merciless  despot  of  II a, 

(sic)  when  too  much  distressed  by  a  rebellion  in 
Egypt  to  protect  it.  On  his  return  without  an  answer 
they  put  him  in  the  Seven  Towers,  and  commenced 
hostilities.  They  hate  the  Russians  ;  and  to  show  it 
the  more,  frequently  call  a  Frank  Moscoff.  To  the 
English  they  are  more  partial  than  to  any  other 
Christian  nation,  from  a  tradition  that  Mahomet  was 
prevented  by  death  from  converting  our  ancestors  to 
his  faith." — Vol.  ii.  pp.  276-7. 

J.  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 

"Verbatim  et  literatim" — As  this  phrase  often 
finds  insertion,  even  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  it 
may  be  well  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  there 
is  no  such  adverb  as  literatim  in  the  Latin  lan- 
guage. There  is  the  adverb  literate,  which  means 
after  the  manner  of  a  literate  man,  learnedly ;  but 
to  express  the  idea  intended  by  the  coined  word 
literatim,  I  think  we  must  use  the  form  ad  literam — 
"  Verbatim  et  ad  literam"  L.  H.  J.  TONNA. 


PRINTS   OF   LONDON   BEFORE    THE    GREAT   FIRE. 

In  addition  to  the  Tower,  there  was  in  Crom- 
well's time  the  fortification  of  Baynard's  Castle,  near 
Blackfriars,  and  the  city  gates  were  also  fortifica- 
tions on  a  small  scale;  they  were  rebuilt  (St. 
John's,  Clerkenwell,  excepted,  which  was  spared) 
after  the  Great  Fire,  and  were  taken  down  some- 
where about  1760.  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  whether  there  is  any  series  of  prints  extant  of 


the  most  remarkable  buildings  which  were  de- 
stroyed by  the  fire  ?  There  are  some  few  maps, 
and  a  print  or  two  interspersed  here  and  there,  in 
the  British  Museum  ;  but  is  there  any  regular 
series  of  plates  ?  We  know  that  Inigo  Jones 
built  a  Grecian  portico  on  to  the  east  end  of  the 
Gothic  cathedral  of  old  St.  Paul's,  surmounted  with 
statues  of  Charles  I.,  &c. ;  that  the  Puritans  de- 
stroyed a  beautiful  conduit  at  the  top  of  Cheap- 
side  ;  that  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  Exchange  was 
standing.  But  among  the  many  city  halls  burnt 
down,  were  there  any  fine  specimens  of  architec- 
ture, any  churches  worthy  of  note  ?  And  as 
Guildhall  was  not  entirely  consumed,  what  parts 
of  the  present  edifice  belong  to  the  olden  time  ? 

You  are  doubtless  aware  that  the  fire  did  not 
extend  to  St.  Giles's  Cripplegate,  and  that  at  the 
back  of  the  church  are  remains  of  the  old  city 
walls.  ARDELIO. 


BATTLE    OF    OTTERBURN. 

On  what  authority  does  Mr.  Tytler  (History 
of  Scotland,  vol.  iii.  pp.  45 — 53.),  in  his  other- 
wise very  fair  account  of  this  celebrated  battle, 
assert  that/  the  Earl  of  Douglas  was  a  younger 
man  than  Hotspur  ?  I  have  no  doubt  that  he 
found  it  so  ^recorded  somewhere,  and  willingly 
believed  that  his  countrymen  had  prevailed, 
not  only  over  superior  numbers  of  the  enemy, 
but  also  over  greater  experience  on  the  part 
of  the  hostile  general ;  but  a  little  more  inves- 
tigation would  have  shown  him  that  the  differ- 
ence of  age  lay  the  other  way.  Henry  Percy,  by 
his  own  account  (in  the  Scrope  and  Grosvenor 
Controversy),  was  born  in  1366,  and  was  therefore 
twenty-two  when  the  battle  was  fought.  I  do  not 
know  that  there  is  any  direct  evidence  to  Dou- 
glas's age,  but  the  following  considerations  appear 
to  me  decisive  as  to  his  being  much  older  than  his 
rival. 

1.  Froissart's  visit  to  Scotland  was  undoubtedly 
prior  to   1366   (although  the   exact  date   is   not 
given),  and   during  his   stay  of  fifteen   days   at 
Dalkeith,  he  saw  much  of  the  youthful  heir  of  that 
castle,  the  future  hero  of  Otterburn,  and  describes 
him  as  a  "promising  youth." 

2.  Hotspur,  in  his  deposition  above  mentioned, 
says  that  he  first  bore  arms  at  the  siege  of  Ber- 
wick in  1378  ;  but  his  antagonist  must  have  com- 
menced his  military  career  long  before,  as  Froissart 
mentions  him  as  knighted  on  the  occasion  of  the 
battle  fought  a  few  days  after  the  surrender  of 
that  place,  between  Sir  Archibald  Douglas  and 
Sir  Thomas  Musgrave ;  none  but  kings'  sons  were 
knighted  in  childhood  in  those  days,  or  without 
undergoing  a  long  previous  probation  in  the  in- 
ferior grades  of  chivalry. 

3.  An  early  and  constant  family  (if  not  general) 
tradition  asserts  that  Doudas  had  a  natural  son 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


(ancestor  of  the  Cavers  family),  old  enough  to 
bear  his  father's  banner  in  the  battle ;  on  this, 
however,  I  lay  little  stress,  as  Froissart  distinctly 
assigns  that  honourable  post  to  another  person, 
David  Campbell,  who  was  slain  by  the  side  of  his 
lord. 

Mr.  Tytler  is  also  evidently  wrong  in  placing,  on 
the  authority  of  Macpherson's  Notes  on  Winton, 
this  battle  on  the  5th  of  August,  1388.  Froissart 
gives  the  date  as  the  19th  of  August,  and  as  the 
moon  -was  full  on  the  18th,  the  combatants  would 
have  bright  moonlight  all  night,  which  agrees  with 
all  the  narratives ;  on  the  5th  they  would  have 
little  moonlight,  and  would  have  lost  it  soon. 

Though  not  very  germane  to  the  matter,  ex- 
cept as  being  a  point  of  chronology,  I  may  add 
here  that  the  remarkable  solar  eclipse,  long  re- 
membered in  Scotland  by  the  name  of  the  "  Dark 
Hour,"  did  not  occur,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Tytler, 
on  17th  June,  1432,  but  on  the  same  month  and 
•day  of  the  following  year.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 


DE   BEAUVOIR   PEDIGREE. 

I  have  in  my  possession  a  curious  ancient  pedi- 
gree of  De  Beauvoir  and  Harryes,  headed  thus  : 

"  The  name  De  Beauvoir  is  from in  the  king- 
dom of  England ;  came  into  England  with  y8  Con- 
•quest  of  the  Norman  Duke,  from  whom  is  descended 
all  that  are  now  in  England,  they  bearing  for  their 
coate  armour  the  first,  Azure,  a  chevron  or,  between 
three  cinquefeuilles  argent,  by  the  name  of  De  Beau- 
voir. The  second  he  beareth  the  guelles  a  chevron 
between  three  hayeres  heads  erased,  by  the  name  of 
Harreys.  The  third  (or)  a  lyon  rampant  azure,  by 
the  name  of  Throlpe.  The  fourth,  Argent,  a  fess  be- 
tween three  cressentes  azure,  by  the  name  of  .... 
within  a  mantle  doubled  guelles  on  two  helmetes  and 
torseyes  proper  and  the  first  a  demy-dragon,  adorned 
properly  guelles  and  argent,  vert,  by  the  fbresaid  name 
De  Beauvoir ;  on  the  second  a  harye  sitting  argent 
between  two  bushes  vert." 

The  pedigree  begins  with  "  Sir  Robert  Beau- 
voir, Lord  Beauvoir,  Lord  Baron  of  Beaver 
Castle,  Knt. ; "  and  the  maternal  line  with  "  Sir 
Robert  Harryes  of  Maiden  in  Essex,  Knt.,  came 
into  England  with  the  Saxons." 

In  the  tenth  descent  the  sole  heiress  is  repre- 
sented as  marrying  "  Robert,  Lord  Bellmoint," 
•whose  sole  daughter  married  "  John,  Lord  Man- 
ners, 'father  of  Edmund  Manners,  first  Earl  of 
Rutland,  from  whom  is  descended  Roger,  Earl  of 
Rutland,  now  living." 

The  pedigree  ends  with  the  nineteenth  de- 
scendant, Henry  de  Beauvoir,  of  the  Isle  of 
Guernsey,  who  married  the  daughter  of  Peter 
Harreys  of  the  Isle  of  Guernsey. 

Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  whe- 
ther descendants  of  that  marriage  are  still  to  be 
found,  and  where  ? 


There  are  points  in  the  pedigree,  as  genealogists 
will  see,  totally  discrepant  from  the  Peerages. 

THOMAS  RUSSELL  POTTER. 
Wymeswold. 


Dog-whippers  :  Franliincense.—Gsm  any  reader 
throw  light  upon  the  following  entries  in  the 
churchwardens'  account-book  for  the  parish  of 
Forest  Hill,  near  Oxford  ? 

"1694.  Pd  to  Tho.  Mills  for  whipping  dogs  out  of 
church,  1  shilling. 

"  1702.   Pd  for  frankincense  for  the  church,  6  pence." 

The  only  passage  which  occurs  to  me  as  at  all 
bearing  upon  so  late  a  use  of  incense  in  parish 
churches  in  this  country,  is  the  following  extract 
from  Herbert: 

"  The  country  parson  hath  a  care  that  his  church  be 
swept  and  kept  clean ;  and  at  great  festivals,  strewed 
and  stuck  with  boughs,  and  perfumed  with  incense." 

This  hardly  brings  the  custom  later  than  1630. 

As  regards  the  former  entry,  I  am  told  by  a 
friend  that  the  office  of  dog-whipper  existed  about 
fifty  years  ago  for  the  church  of  Heversham  in 
Westmoreland.  C.  F.  W. 

Achievement  in  Yorkshire  —  Lipyeatt  Family. — 
Found  and  noted  in  a  Yorkshire  church  tower,  an 
atchievement  painted  apparently  about  forty  or 
fifty  years  ago,  of  which  no  account  can  be  given 
by  the  sexton  or  parish  clerk.  Query,  to  what 
names  do  the  bearings  belong  ?  viz.  Vert,  on  a 
fess  or,  between  three  bezants,  three  lions  passant 
azure.  Impaling  :  Vert,  three  swans  in  tri,  sta- 
tant,  wings  erect,  argent.  Crest,  a  lion  passant 
azure,  langued  gules.  The  swans  have  head,  neck, 
and  body  like  swans,  but  their  legs  appear  to  have 
been  borrowed  from  the  stork.  It  is  suspected 
that  the  dexter  coat  belongs  to  one  of  the  Wilt- 
shire Lipyeatts. 

Is  there  any  pedigree  of  the  Lipyeatt  family, 
who  were  burghers  of  wealth  and  consideration 
in  the  town  of  Marlborough,  from  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century  down  to  the  latter  part  of 
the  eighteenth  ?  PATONCE. 

"  Waestartr — A  common  expression  of  sorrow 
or  condolence  among  the  lower  classes  in  the 
manufacturing  district  around  Leeds,  in  York- 
shire. Whence  does  it  arise  ?  Is  it  an  abbrevi- 
ation of  "  Woe  to  my  heart,"  "  Woe  is  me  "  ? 

J.  L.  S.,  Sen. 

Rebellion  of  1715. — Has  any  report  been  pub- 
lished of  the  trial  of  the  prisoners  taken  at  Pres- 
ton ?  Mr.  Baron  Bury,  Mr.  Justice  Eyre,  and 
Mr.  Baron  Montague  opened  the  Commission  at 
Liverpool.  The  trials  began  on  January  20,  1716, 
and  lasted  till  February  8.  THOMAS  BAKER. 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


"Athenian  Sport''  —  Who  was  the  writer  of 
Athenian  Sport,  or  Two  Thousand  Paradoxes, 
merely  argued  to  amuse  and  divert  the  Age,  by  a 
Member  of  the  Athenian  Society,  London,  1707  ?  * 
It  would  almost  appear  to  have  been  a  burlesque 
upon  the  Athenian  Oracle.  HENRY  T.  EILEY. 

Gutta  Percha  made  soluble.  —  Can  any  one 
inform  me  how  gutta  percha  may  be  made  so  so- 
luble, that  a  coating  of  it  may  be  given  any  article, 
which  shall  dry  as  hard  as  its  former  state?  I 
have  tried  melting  it  in  a  ladle,  but  it  never  har- 
dened properly.  E.  B. 

Leeds. 

Arms  of  Anthony  Kitchen.  —  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  inform  me  what  were  the  arms  of 
Anthony  Kitchen,  Bishop  of  Llandaff  in  1545  ? 
And  what  relation,  if  any,  of  Robert  Kitchen,  who 
was  Mayor  of  Bristol  in  1588  ?  The  latter  was  of 
Kendal  in  Westmoreland.  D.  F.  T. 

Grieslach  Arms.  —  Could  any  correspondent 
versed  in  German  heraldry  tell  me  the  arms  of 
the  German  family  of  Griesbach,  or  refer  me  to 
any  work  containing  a  collection  of  German 
arms  ?  CID. 

Postage  System  of  the  Romans.  —  Could  any  of 
your  correspondents  inform  me  where  I  may  find 
a  perfect  account  of  the  postal  system  of  the 
Romans?  We  know  that  they  must  have  had 
such  a  system,  but  I  have  forgotten  the  author 
who  gives  any  description  of  it.  ARDELIO. 

Three  Crowns  and  Sugar-loaf. — Passing  through 
Tranche  (a  village  near  Kidderminster  in  Wor- 
cestershire) the  other  day,  I  saw  an  inn  called 
"  The  Three  Crowns  and  Sugar-loaf."  As  there 
seems  to  me  not  the  least  connexion  between  a 
crown  and  a  sugar-loaf,  I  send  this  to  "  N.  &  Q." 
in  hopes  of  an  explanation  from  some  of  its 
readers  more  skilled  than  myself  in  such  matters. 

CID. 

Helen  MacGregor. — In  Burke' s  Landed  Gentry 
(Supplement,  art.  "MacGregor  of  Craigrostan 
and  Inversnaid")  this  redoubted  heroine  is  de- 
scribed as  "  a  woman  of  agreeable  temper  afid 
domestic  habits,  active  and  careful  in  the  manage- 
ment of  her  family  affairs."  This  is  so  directly 
opposed,  not  only  to  Scott's  description,  but  to 
the  generality  of  traditions  about  her,  that,  as 
Campbell  says,  "  it  makes  the  hair  of  one's  literary 
faith  stand  on  end."  Helen  was,  very  likely,  a 
different  person  from  what  she  afterwards  became, 
ere  the  events  happened  that  drove  Rob  Roy  "  to 
the  hill-side  to  become  a  broken  man ;"  but  one 
can  hardly  imagine  her,  in  her  most  happy  days, 

[*  Lowndes  has  attributed  this  work,  but  we  think 
incorrectly,  to  the  celebrated  John  Dunton. —  ED.] 


to  have  been  such  a  person  as  is  above  depicted  — 
an  amiable  wife  and  clever  housekeeper.  The 
pen  of  a  descendant  is  evident,  in  the  partial  de- 
scription given  of  both  husband  and  wife. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Francis  Grose  the  Antiquary. — Francis  Grose, 
the  distinguished  antiquary,  was  Captain  and  Ad- 
jutant of  the  Surrey  Militia,  commanded  by  Col. 
Hodges,  in  which  regiment  he  served  for  many 
years ;  but  on  some  occasion,  probably  breach  of 
discipline,  he  was  brought  to  a  general  court- 
martial.  The  regiment  formed  part  of  the  large 
encampment  of  15,000  men  on  Cocksheath,  near 
Maidstone,  in  1778.  I  think  the  trial  took  place 
then,  or  within  a  year  or  two  of  that  date ;  and 
should  be  thankful  to  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.w 
who  would  supply  me  with  the  precise  date  when 
the  court-martial  assembled  ?  2s. 

" King  of  'Kings :"  Bishop  Andrews'  Sermons. — - 
From  MS.  Account  of  Fellows  of  Kings,  com* 
piled  from  1750,  A.D.  1583,  Geffrey  King,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Hebrew,  Cambridge,  first  chaplain  to 
Bancroft  and  James  I.,  whether  he  or  Thos.  King, 
1605,  or  James  King,  1609  ?  One  of  them  began 
his  sermon  at  St.  James  :  "  I,  King  of  Kings,  come 
to  James  the  First  and  Sixth,  nothing  wavering." 

"  These  puris  much  applauded  in  those  times,  inso- 
much that  the  preacher  would  stop  to  receive  applause, 
which  was  expressed  by  loud  and  repeated  hums.  In 
Bishop  Andrews'  printed  Sermons,  these  stops  may  be 
discovered." 

Is  this  true  of  Bishop  Andrews'  Sermons  ? 

J.  H.  L. 

Scroope  Family . — Will  any  one  be  so  good  as  ta 
clear  up  the  doubts  noticed  in  the  peerage  books 
as  to  the  family  of  Henry  Lord  Scroope,  of  Bolton, 
who  died  about  22  Henry  VII.  ?  His  wives  are 
generally  stated  to  have  been  daughters  of  the 
Earl  of  Northumberland  and  Lord  Scroope  of 
Upsal ;  but  other  accounts  are  to  be  met  with. 
What  however  I  particularly  refer  to,  is  the 
question,  who  was  the  mother  of  his  daughter 
Alice,  who  married  Sir  Gilbert  Talbot?  Lady 
Talbot  could  not  have  been  by  the  daughter  of 
Lord  Scroope  of  Upsal :  as,  if  so,  she  and  her  issue 
would  have  inherited  her  grandfather's  barony, 
which  it  is  certain  was  enjoyed  by  his  younger 
brothers.  Very  likely  Mr.  Scroope's  unpublished 
volume  on  the  Lords  Scroope  and  their  seat 
Coombe  Castle  explains  this.  S.  N. 

Harrison  the  Regicide — Lowle.  —  Thomas  Wil- 
ling, son  of  Joseph  Willing  and  Anne  Lowle  (his 
second  wife),  married  July  16,  1704,  Anne  Har- 
rison, a  grand- daughter  of  the  Regicide.  Charles 
(son  of  Thomas  and  Anne,  born  in  Bristol,  1710) 
married  Anne  Shippen.  One  of  their  daughters 
married  Sir  Walter  Stirling  ;  and  a  great-grand- 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


daughter  (Miss  Bingham)  married  Mr.  Baring, 
afterwards  Lord  Ashburton.  I  should  be  obliged 
for  information  as  follows  : 

1.  Through  what  descent  was  Anne  Harrison 
a  descendant  of  the  Regicide  ? 

2.  Is  anything   known  of  the  Lowle   family  ? 
Their  arms  were,   "  Sa.,   a  hand  grasping   three 
darts  argent."  T.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 

"  Chair"  or  "  Char." — I  am  desirous  of  ascer- 
taining the  meaning  of  this  term,  as  occurring 
frequently  in  the  Cambridgeshire  Fens.  It  is 
variously  spelt,  chair,  chaire,  chare,  or  char.  In 
the  Cambridgeshire  dialect  it  may  be  remarked, 
air  or  are  is  pronounced  as  "  ar."  Thus,  upstairs, 
bare,  are  "  upstars,"  "  bar."  There  is  a  Char  Fen 
at  Stretham,  laid  down  in  Sir  Jonah  Moore's 
Map  (1663).  There  is  also  a  Chare  Fen  at  Cot- 
tenham ;  and  at  Littleport  is  a  place  called  Lit- 
tleport  Chair.  This  last  had  the  name  at  least  as 
early  as  Edward  II.' s  reign ;  as  in  a  description  of 
a  neighbouring  fen,  not  later  than  that  date,  one 
boundary  is  "  A  le  chair e  per  Himmingslode  usque 
Gualslode  End."  A  friend  who  has  searched  the 
documents  in  the  Fen  Office  at  Ely  on  this  sub- 
ject for  me,  has  been  unable  to  discover  the  least 
clue  to  the  meaning  of  the  term. 

At  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  a  narrow  street  or  pas- 
sage between  houses  is  called  a  chare ;  but  there 
is  nothing  narrow  about  Char  Fen,  which  was 
part  of  an  open  common.  The  course  of  the  rivers 
at  Littleport  may  be  imagined  to  form  a  rude 
outline  of  a  chair  or  seat ;  but  this  does  not  apply 
to  the  other  instances  in  which  the  name  occurs. 

There  are  numerous  local  names  in  the  fens,  of 
which  the  history  may  be  traced  for  some  cen- 
turies, deserving  investigation.  E.  G.  R. 

Aches.  —  I  am  aware  that  there  is  abundant 
proof  of  "  aches  "  being  a  dissyllable  when  Shak- 
speare  wrote,  and  long  after  ;  but  I  wish  to  know 
whether  there  is  any  rhyme  earlier  than  that  in 
Butler,  which  fixes  the  pronunciation  as  artches. 

S.S. 

Leeming'  Hall.  —  There  was  formerly  a  mansion 
somewhere  between  Liverpool  and  Preston,  called 
Leeming  Hall.  Can  any  of  the  correspondents  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  if  it  still  exits,  and  what  is 
the  name  of  the  present  owner  ?  I  should  also  be 
glad  to  have  some  information  respecting  the 
genealogy  of  the  family  of  Leemings,  who  formerly 
lived  there,  or  to  learn  the  name  and  residence  of 
some  member  of  the  family  to  whom  I  could 
apply  for  such  information.  G. 

Caricature;  a  Canterbury  Me.  — Many  facts 
are  recorded  in  the  caricatures  of  the  day,  of 
which  there  is  no  other  account.  The  reference 
of  the  following  may  be  well  known,  but  I  should 


feel  obliged  by  any  of  your  correspondents  ex- 
plaining it.  Fox,  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  a 
third  figure  (?),  are  in  a  boat  pushing  off  from 
shore,  with  Burke  looking  over  a  wall  with  a  large 
bag  in  his  hand.  He  says,  "  D  -  me,  Charley, 
don't  leave  me  in  the  lurch  ;  "  who  replies,  "  Self- 
preservation  is  the  first  law  of  nature."  His 
companions  joining  with  "  Push  off,  Charley,  push 
off."  H. 

Perpetual  Curates  not  represented  in  Convocation. 
—  In  Lectures  on  Church  Difficulties,  by  the  Rev. 
J.  M.  Neale,  I  find  this  statement  : 

"  Under  the  old  regime  rectors  and  vicars  were  alone, 
generally  speaking,  allowed  a  vote  in  the  election  of 
proctors,  to  the  exclusion  from  that  privilege  of  even 
perpetual  curates."  —  Lecture  xi.,  p.  133. 

I  believe  that  this  is  correct,  and  that  the  curates 
spoken  of  as  having  their  votes  rejected  in  Day 
versus  Knewstubbs,  were  perpetual  curates  :  but 
can  some  of  your  correspondents  confirm  this  view 
by  facts  ?  WM.  FBASEB. 

Tor-Mohun. 

Dr.  Whichcote  and  Dorothy  Jordan.  —  In  the 
preface  to  the  edition  of  the  plays  of  Wycherley 
and  others,  edited  by  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  the  follow- 
ing passage  occurs  : 

"  The  two  best  sermons  we  ever  heard  (and  no  dis- 
paragement to  many  a  good  one  from  the  pulpit)  were 
a  sentence  of  Dr.  Whichcote's  against  the  multiplication 
of  things  forbidden,  and  the  honest,  heart  and  soul 
laugh  of  Dorothy  Jordan." 

I  feel  rather  curious  to  read  a  sentence  which  is 
said  to  possess  so  much  instruction. 


Moral  Philosophy.  —  What  English  writers  have 
treated  of  the  obligation  of  oaths  and  promises,  or 
generally  of  moral  philosophy,  between  the  Re- 
formation and  the  time  of  Bishop  Sanderson  ? 

H.P; 

Shelley's  "Prometheus  Unbound."  —  Can  any 
of  your  correspondents,  by  conjecture  or  reference 
to  the  original  MS.,  elucidate  the  meaning  of  the 
following  passage,  which  occurs  in  Act  II.  Sc.  4. 
of  this  extraordinary  poem  ?  It  sounds  so  sweetly 
that  one  cannot  but  wish  it  were  possible  to  un- 
derstand it. 

"  Asia.  Who  made  that  sense  which,  when  the  winds 

of  spring 

In  rarest  visitation,  or  the  voice 
Of  one  beloved  heard  in  youth  alone, 
Fills  the  faint  eyes  with  falling  tears  which  dim 
The  radiant  looks  of  unbewailing  flowers, 
And  leaves  this  peopled  world  a  solitude 
When  it  returns  no  more  ?  " 

Shelley's  mysticism  is  very  often  such  as  to 
render  him  unintelligible  to  ordinary  readers,  but 
it  is  combined  here  with  a  want  of  grammatical 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


connexion  that  makes  obscurity  ten  times  more 
obscure.  I  have  not  the  least  idea  whether  "  fills  " 
refers  to  "  sense  which,"  or  to  "  voice ; "  but 
whichsoever  it  may  belong  to,  it  is  evident  that 
the  other  nominative  singular,  as  also  the  plural 
"  winds  of  spring,"  have  no  verbs,  either  expressed 
or  understood,  to  govern.  A  line  or  two  may 
have  dropped  out ;  but  all  editions,  as  far  as  I  am 
aware,  give  the  passage  as  above.  In  Act  L,  at 
p.  195.  line  7  of  the  edition  of  1853,  occurs  a 
curious  error  (I  presume  of  the  press)  ;  Mercury, 
addressing  the  Furies,  says : 

"  Back  to  your  towers  of  iron, 

And  gnash  beside  the  streams  of  fire,  and  wail 

Your  foodless  teeth." 

The  having  no  food  to  put  between  one's  teeth  is 
no  doubt  a  very  sufficient  cause  for  wailing,  but 
still  I  think  the  passage  would  run  better  if 
"gnash"  and  "wail"  exchanged  places.  How 
do  other  editions  give  it  ?  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Turkish  Language.  —  Are  there  any  easy  dia- 
logues in  the  Turkish  language,  but  in  the  English 
type,  to  be  obtained;  and  where  ?  ,  If  there  be  not, 
I  think  it  would  be  desirable  to  publish  some,  with 
names  of  common  objects,  &c.  HASSAN. 


cjS  fou'if) 

Illustrated  Bible  of  1527.  —  Can  you  inform  me 
whether  there  is  any  Bible  published  in 
1527  at  Lyons,  with  Hans  Holbein's  cuts 
in  it,  and  what  engraver  used  this  mono- 
gram, as  I  have  a  Bible  of  that  date,  the 
plates  of  which  are  almost  fac- similes  (some 
of  them)  of  Holbein's  cuts,  which  were  published 
by  Pickering  ?  The  date  of  the  Bible  is  1527. 

"  Impressa  autem  Lugduni  per  Jacobutn  Mare- 
schall  feliciter  explicat,  anno  nostri  Salutis  1 527." 

L.  S.  C. 

[Several  editions  of  the  Bible  were  printed  in  the 
early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century  at  Lyons,  some  of 
them  ornamented  with  cuts  from  designs  similar  to 
those  of  Holbein.  Two  or  three  from  the  press  of 
Mareschall  are  in  the  British  Museum.  We  believe 
there  were  no  Bibles  printed  at  Lyons  in  which  it  was 
acknowledged  that  the  cuts  were  designed  by  Hol- 
bein. The  following  notice  of  the  monogram  occurs 
in  Dictionnaire  des  Monogrammes,  par  F.  Bruilliot, 
part  i.  p.  421.,  No.  3208. :  "  Cette  marque,  dont  on  ne 
connait  pas  la  signification,  se  trouve  sur  une  copie 
d'une  gravure  en  bois  de  Jean  Springinklee,  represen- 
tant  1'enfant  Jesus  couche  a  terre,  entoure  de  trois 
anges,  et  adore  par  St.  Joseph  et  par  la  Ste.  Vierge. 
A  droite  au  travers  d'une  fenetre  pres  d'une  colonne 
on  remarque  le  bceuf  et  1'ane,  et  au  milieu  du  fond 
deux  bergers  dont  1'un  6te  son  chapeau.  La  marque 
est  au  bas  a  gauche  pres  de  1'habit  de  St.  Joseph. 
Bartsch  decrit  1'original,  P.  Gr.  t.  vii.  p.  328.,  No.  51."] 


Heraldic  Query.  —  Can  you  help  me  towards 
ascertaining  the  date  and  meaning  of  the  follow- 
ing device,  which  I  find  upon  an  old  picture- 
frame^  the  portrait  once  inclosed  in  which  has 
long  since  been  destroyed  ? 

On  a  disk,  of  about  six  inches  in  diameter,  are 
engraved  the  royal  arms  of  Great  Britain,  without 
the  harp,  but  with  the  Scots  lion.  You  will  at 
once  perceive  the  peculiarity  of  this  bearing,  the 
harp  and  the  lion  having  been  added  at  the  same 
time  by  James  I.  The  leopards  occupy  the  first 
quarter,  the  ground  of  which  is  semeed  with 
hearts ;  the  Scots  lion  the  second,  his  feet  resting 
upon  a  quaint  band,  which  seems  to  occupy  the 
place  of  the  usual  bordure.  The  three  fleurs-de- 
lis,  very  much  broadened,  and  taking  almost  the 
shape  of  crowns,  occupy  the  places  of  the  third 
and  fourth  quarters. 

The  only  instance  I  can  find  of  a  single  lion  or 
leopard  appearing  upon  a  coin  without  the  harp, 
is  a  coin  (a  half-florin)  of  Edward  III.,  on  the 
obverse  of  which  appears  a  leopard  crowned,  with 
a  banner  of  the  arms  of  England  fastened  to  his 
neck,  and  flowing  back  upon  his  shoulder. 

EUDING. 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club. 

[Our  correspondent  has  wasted  his  ingenuity  :  the 
bearings  are,  first  quarter,  Denmark,  Or,  semee  of 
hearts  gules,  three  lions  passant  guardant.  Second 
quarter,  Norway,  a  lion  crowned,  or  holding  a  Danish 
battle-axe.  In  base  Azure,  three  crowns,  or  two  and 
one,  Sweden.  Surmounted  by  the  royal  crown.  See 
Souverains  du  Monde,  t.  iii.  p.  430.] 

Bichard  de  Sancto  Victorie.  —  In  Anthony 
Mundy's  Successe  of  the  Times,  under  the  head 
"  Scotland,"  he  says,  — 

"  In  this  King  Alexander's  reign  (1110)  lived  also 
the  holy  man,  Richard  de  Sancto  Victorie,  being  a 
Scot  borne,  but  lyving  the  more  part  of  his  time  at 
Paris,  in  Fraunce,  where  he  died,  and  lieth  buried  in 
the  Abbey  of  S.  Victorie,  he  being  a  brother  of  the 
same  house." 

Can  you  furnish  any  particulars  of  my  country- 
man Richard  ?  PERTHENSIS. 
[Richard,  Abbot  of  St.  Victor,  was  born  in  the 
reign  of  David  I.  After  such  education  as  Scotland 
afforded,  in  polite  literature,  the  sacred  Scriptures,  and 
mathematics,  the  principal  objects  of  his  early  studies, 
he  went  over  to  Paris.  Here  the  fame  of  Hugh, 
Abbot  of  St.  Victor,  induced  him  to  settle  in  that  mo- 
nastery, to  pursue  his  theological  studies.  In  1164, 
upon  the  death  of  Hugh,  he  was  chosen  prior,  which 
office  he  filled  for  nine  years  with  great  wisdom  and 
prudence.  He  died  March  10,  1173,  and  was  buried 
in  that  monastery.  He  was  the  author  of  several 
treatises  on  subjects  of  practical  divinity,  and  on  scrip- 
ture criticism,  particularly  on  the  description  of  Solo- 
mon's temple,  Ezekiel's  temple,  and  on  the  apparent 
contradictions  in  the  books  of  Kings  and  Chronicles. 
They  were  all  published  at  Paris  in  1518  and  1540  in 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AM)  QUEKIES. 


353 


two  vols.  folio,  at  Venice  in  1G92,  at  Cologne  in  1621, 
and  at  Rouen  in  1650,  which  is  reckoned  the  best 
edition.  A  summary  account  of  his  works  is  given  in 
Mackenzie's  Lives  and  Characters  of  Writers  of  the 
Scots  Nation,  vol.  i.  p.  147.,  edit.  1708.] 

St.  Blase.  —  In  Norwich,  every  fifty  years,  the 
festival  of  Bishop  Blase  is  observed  with  great 
ceremony.  What  connexion  had  he  with  that 
city  ?  W.  P.  E. 

[Norwich  formerly  abounded  with  woolcombers, 
who  still  esteem  Bishop  Blase  as  their  patron  saint, 
probably  from  the  C£0m&£  0f  ^r£ll  with  which  he 
was  tortured  previously  to  his  martyrdom.  "  No  other 
reason,"  says  Alban  Butler,  "  than  the  great  devotion 
of  the  people  to  this  celebrated  martyr  of  the  Church, 
seems  to  have  given  occasion  to  the  woolcombers  to 
choose  him  the  titular  patron  of  their  profession ;  on 
which  account  his  festival  is  still  kept  by  them  with  a 
solemn  guild  at  Norwich."] 


LEICESTER   AS   BANGER   Or    SNOWDON. 

(Vol.ix.,  p.  125.) 

In  a  note  to  Parry's  Royal  Visits  and  Progresses 
in  Wales,  p.  317.,  I  find  the  following  allusion 
to  the  circumstances  mentioned  in  ELFFIN  AP 
GWYDDNO'S  Query  regarding  Leicester's  Ranger- 
ship  of  Snowdon,  and  the  patriotic  opposition 
offered  to  his  oppressions.  I  regret  I  am  unable 
to  afford  the  desired  information  respecting  the 
imprisonment  of  the  Welsh  gentleman  in  the 
Tower.  Could  not  this  be  furnished  by  some  of 
your  readers  who  have  access  to  public  documents 
and  records  of  the  period  ?  This  imprisonment 
is  not  mentioned  either  in  the  account  I  append, 
or  in  a  longer  one  to  be  found  in  Appendix  XVI. 
vol.  iii.  of  Pennant's  Tour  in  Wales : 

"  Among  the  Welsh  nobility  who  formed  a  part  of 
her  Majesty's  household,  were  Sir  Richard  Bulkeley, 
Bart.,  and  Mrs.  Blanche  Parry,  both  of  whom  seem 
to  have  been  brought  up  in  the  court  from  their  in- 
fancy, and,  consequently,  in  great  esteem  with  her 
Majesty  ;  so  much  so,  that  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  the 
Queen's  favourite,  began  to  be  jealous  of  Sir  Richard  : 
and  with  a  view  of  having  him  removed  from  court,  he 
made  an  attempt  to  have  him  accused,  upon  false  evi- 
dence, of  treason.  With  this  wicked  design,  the  Earl 
of  Leicester  informed  her  Majesty  that  the  council  had 
been  examining  Sir  Richard  Bulkeley,  and  that  they 
found  him  a  dangerous  person  ;  that  he  dwelt  in  a 
suspicious  corner  of  the  world,  and  should  be  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower.  « What !  Sir  Richard  Bulke- 
ley !'  said  the  Queen  ;  'he  never  intended  us  any  harm. 
"We  have  brought  him  up  from  a  boy,  and  have  had 
special  trial  of  his  fidelity ;  ye  shall  not  commit  him.' 
«  We  have  the  care  of  your  Majesty's  person,'  said  the 
Earl,  « and  see  more  and  hear  more  of  the  man  than 
you  do :  he  is  of  an  aspiring  mind,  and  lives  in  a  re- 


mote place.'  «  Before  God  !'  replied  the  Queen  ;  '  we 
will  be  sworn  upon  the  Holy  Evangelists,  he  never 
intended  any  harm.'  And  then  her  Majesty  ran  to  the 
Bible,  and  kissing  it,  said :  '  You  shall  not  commit 
him  ;  we  have  brought  him  up  from  a  boy.'  Sir 
Richard,  however,  was  too  high-minded  to  suffer  such 
an  imputation  to  be  laid  to  his  character.  He  insisted 
on  an  inquiry;  during  which  it  appeared,  that  Lord 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  had  been  appointed  a  ranger 
of  the  Royal  Forest  of  Snowdon,  which,  in  the  Queen's 
time,  included  some  portion  of  Merioneth  and  Angle- 
sey. This  nobleman's  insolence  to  the  inhabitants  of 
the  forest  was  more  than  could  be  brooked.  He  tried 
to  bring  many  freeholders'  estates  within  the  boundary  ; 
juries  were  empannelled,  but  the  commissioners  rejected 
their  returns  as  unfavourable  to  the  Earl.  Those 
honest  jurors,  however,  persisted,  and  found  a  verdict 
for  the  country.  But  in  the  year  1538,  he  succeeded 
by  a  packed  jury,  who  appeared  in  his  livery,  blue, 
with  ragged  staves  on  the  sleeves  ;  men  who,  after 
this  nefarious  act,  were  stigmatised  with  the  title  of 
'  The  Black  Jury  who  sold  their  country.'  Sir  Richard 
Bulkeley,  who,  with  Sir  William  Herbert  and  others, 
superseded  a  prior  commission,  resisted  this  oppression 
with  great  firmness,  and  laid  those  odious  grievances 
before  the  Queen,  whose  regard  for  her  loyal  subjects 
in  Wales  was  evinced  by  the  recalling  of  the  first  com- 
mission, by  proclamation  at  Westminster,  in  1579. 
The  Earl  being  worsted,  sought  the  life  of  Sir  Richard 
by  having  him  charged  as  above.  But  this  generous 
and  patriotic  nobleman,  by  his  excellent  and  manly 
conduct,  overthrew  every  malevolent  design  of  his 
enemy ;  and  came  out  of  this  fiery  trial  as  clear  as  the 
pellucid  crystal  of  Snowdon." 

.B.E.G.C. 


INMAN   FAMILY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  198.) 

A  SUBSCRIBER  having  challenged  me  by  name 
to  assist  him  in  resolving  his  "  historic  doubts," 
I  hasten  to  afford  him  what  information  I  possess, 
conscious  at  the  same  time  that  I  can  add  little  or 
nothing  that  will  materially  aid  him  in  his  investi- 
gation. 

First,  then,  as  to  Owen  Gam.  This  name 
savours  strongly  of  the  leek,  both  Christian  and 
surname  being  unequivocally  British.  Gam,  in 
Welsh,  signifies  the  "one-eyed;"  we  may  con- 
clude, therefore,  that  this  gentleman,  or  one  of  his 
progenitors,  had  lost  an  eye  in  one  of  the  frays 
common  in  bygone  days,  and  so  acquired  the  ap- 
pellation of  Gam.  A  SUBSCRIBER  has  omitted  to 
give  dates  with  his  Queries,  and  thus  leaves  us  in 
the  dark  as  to  the  precise  period  he  refers  to ; 
still,  it  may  interest  him  to  know  that  David  Gam,  a 
landed  proprietor  of  some  importance  in  Hereford- 
shire, temp.  Henry  IV.  and  V.,  who  had  married 
the  sister  of  Owen  Glyndwr,  was  discovered  in 
an  attempt  to  assassinate  his  brother-in-law,  the 
royal  chieftain  ;  and  was,  in  consequence,  arrested 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  233. 


and  confined  for  ten  years  in  Owen's  prison  at 
Llansaintffraid.  He  was  afterwards  released ;  and 
distinguished  himself,  together  with  some  near 
relatives,  as  Pennant  relates,  at  the  battle  of  Agin- 
court,  where  he  fell,  pierced  with  wounds,  while 
assisting  in  the  rescue  of  his  royal  master  King 
Henry.  Possibly,  Owen  Gam  may  have  been  a 
descendant  of  this  half-hero,  half- assassin. 

Llewellyn  Clifford,  again,  is  a  name  strongly 
suggestive  of  its  owner's  connexion  with  Cambria. 
If  A  SUBSCRIBER  has  exhausted  the  resources  of 
the  Clifford  pedigrees,  it  were,  I  suppose,  useless 
to  refer  him  to  the  ancestry  of  the  defunct  Earls 
of  Cumberland ;  and  especially  to  that  part  of  it 
represented  by  Sir  Koger  de  Clifford,  of  Clifford, 
co.  Hereford,  a  famous  soldier  in  the  days  of 
Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.  He  accompanied  the 
latter  monarch  in  his  inroads  into  Wales,  and  fell 
in  battle  there,  not  far  from  Bangor,  circa  1282-3, 
leaving  several  children ;  one  of  the  younger  of 
whom  I  conjecture  to  have  been  the  father  of  the 
before-named  Llewellyn  Clifford.  After  having 
subjugated  the  country,  we  can  easily  fancy  the 
conquerors  perpetuating  the  event  by  naming 
certain  of  their  posterity  after  the  fallen  prince 
Llewellyn. 

As  for  Sir  William  de  Roas  (or  Ros),  A  SUB- 
SCRIBER is  wrong  in  supposing  his  name  to  have 
been  Ingman  ;  for  although  he  resided  at  Ingman- 
thorpe,  co.  York,  his  surname,  in  common  with 
that  of  a  long  line  of  ancestry  and  descendants, 
was  De  Ros  only.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Robert 
de  Ros,  the  founder  of  the  two  castles,  Werke  and 
Hamlake,  and-  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  baronial 
forces  in  their  armed  opposition  to  the  tyrant 
King  John. 

Before  closing  this  communication,  I  would 
suggest  to  A  SUBSCRIBER,  and  to  all  others  pro- 
pounding genealogical  Queries,  the  absolute  neces- 
sity of  affixing  dates  to  their  inquiries  in  every 
possible  instance ;  as  nothing  is  easier  than  to  go 
astray,  sometimes  for  half-a-dozen  generations,  in 
fixing  the  identity  of  a  solitary  individual. 

T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 


ROBERT    DUDLEY,    EARL   OP   LEICESTER. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  105. 160.) 

That  this  infamous  man  did  die  of  poison,  is,  I 
believe,  the  general  opinion.  The  late  Dr.  Cooke 
Taylor  has  the  following  passage  upon  the  subject, 
in  his  Romantic  Biography  of  the  Age  of  Eliza- 
beth, vol.  i.  p.  115. : 

"  Nearly  all  the  cotemporary  writers  assert  that 
Leicester  fell  a  victim  to  poison ;  Naunton  declares 
that  he,  by  mistake,  swallowed  the  potion  he  had  pre- 
pared for  another  person ;  and,  as  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  Earl  was  a  poisoner  of  great  eminence 


and  success,  the  story  is  far  from  being  improbable. 
The  Privy  Council  must  have  believed  that  his  death 
was  not  natural,  for  they  minutely  investigated  a  report 
that  he  had  been  poisoned  by  the  son  of  Sir  James 
Crofts,  in  revenge  for  the  imprisonment  of  his  father. 
Some  suspicious  circumstances  were  elicited  during  the 
examination  ;  but  the  matter  was  suddenly  dropped, 
probably  because  an  inquiry  into  any  one  of  the  com- 
plicated intrigues  of  Elizabeth's  court  would  have  in- 
volved too  many  persons  of  honour  and  consequence." 

Drummond  of  Hawthornden,  in  his  Notes  of 
Conversations  with  Ben  Jonson,  has  the  following 
curious  note : 

"  The  Earl  of  Leicester  gave  a  bottle  of  liquor  to 
his  lady,  which  he  willed  her  to  use  in  any  faintness ; 
which  she,  after  his  returne  from  Court,  not  knowing 
it  was  poison,  gave  him,  and  so  he  died:" 

This  is  a  strong  confirmation  of  the  statement 
given  by  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

In  one  of  the  many  valuable  notes  appended  by 
Dr.  Bliss  to  the  Athence  Oxonienses,  is  the  follow- 
ing cotemporary  narrative,  copied  from  a  MS. 
memoranda  on  a  copy  of  Leicester's  Ghost : 

"  The  author  (of  the  poem)  hath  omitted  the  end- of 
the  Earle,  the  which  may  thus  and  truely  be  supplied. 
The  Countesse  Lettice  fell  in  love  with  Christopher 
Blunt,  gent.,  of  the  Earle's  horse;  and  they  had 
many  secret  meetings,  and  much  wanton  familiarity ; 
the  which  being  discovered  by  the  Earle,  to  prevent 
the  pursuit  thereof,  when  Generall  of  the  Low  Coun- 
treys,  hee  tooke  Blunt  with  him,  and  theire  purposed 
to  have  him  made  away  :  and  for  this  plot  there  was  a 
ruffian  of  Burgundy  suborned,  who,  watching  him  in 
one  night  going  to  his  lodging  at  the  Hage,  followed 
him  and  struck  at  his  head  with  a  halbert  or  battle-axe, 
intending  to  cleave  his  head.  But  the  axe  glaunced, 
and  withall  pared  off  a  great  piece  of  Blunt's  skull, 
which  was  very  dangerous  and  longe  in  healinge :  but 
he  recovered,  and  after  married  the  Countesse ;  who 
took  this  soe  ill,  as  that  she,  with  Blunt,  deliberated 
and  resolved  to  dispatch  the  Earle.  The  Earle,  not 
patient  of  this  soe  greate  wrong  of  his  wife,  purposed 
to  carry  her  to  Kenilworth ;  and  to  leave  here  there  untill 
her  death  by  naturall  or  by  violent  means,  but  rather 
by  the  last.  The  Countesse  also  having  a  suspicion, 
or  some  secret  intelligence  of  this  treachery  against 
her,  provided  artificiall  meanes  to  prevent  the  Earle ; 
which  was  by  a  cordiall,  the  which  she  had  no  fit  op- 
portunity to  offer  him  till  he  came  to  Cornebury  Hall, 
in  Oxfordshire ;  where  the  Earle,  after  his  gluttonous 
manner,  surfeiting  with  excessive  eating  and  drinking, 
fell  soe  ill  that  he  was  forced  to  stay  there.  Then  the 
deadly  cordiall  was  propounded  unto  him  by  the 
Countesse ;  as  Mr.  William  Haynes,  sometimes  the 
Earle's  page,  and  then  gentleman  of  his  bed-chamber, 
told  me,  who  protested  hee  saw  her  give  that  fatal  1  cup 
to  the  Earle,  which  was  his  last  draught,  and  an  end 
of  his  plott  against  the  Countesse,  and  of  his  journey, 
and  of  himselfe;  and  soe — Fraudis  fraude  sua  prendi- 
tur  artifex."  —  Athence  Oxon.,  vol.  ii.  col.  74,  75.  note. 

EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


HARDMAN'S  ACCOUNT  or  WATERLOO. 
(Vol.  viii.,  p.  199.  ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  176.) 

I  perfectly  recollect  reading,  when  a  boy,  a 
critique  on  this  poem,  and  being  much  amused 
thereby.  The  critique  appeared  in  the  Literary 
Gazette  or  Athenaeum,  as  well  as  I  remember. 
I  never  saw  the  poem,  but  I  recollect  some  of  the 
lines  quoted,  which  went  nearly  as  follows  :  — 

"  The  following  morning,  at  break  of  day, 
An  orderly  dragoon  did  come  this  way  : 
'  Holloa  !  holloa  !  I  say,  give  ear, 
Is  Adjutant  Hardman  quartered  here  ? 
Holloa  !  halloa  !  I  am  not  wrong, 
Is  Adjutant  Hardman  here  at  home?'" 

I  merely  quote  from  memory ;  and  hope,  there- 
fore, that  any  deviations  from  the  original  may  be 
pardoned. 

Lieutenant  (Brevet  Captain)  Hardman,  if  not 
a  first-rate  poet,  is  a  gallant  soldier,  and  I  re- 
joice to  see  his  name  in  the  Army  List  for  March, 
1854.  I  cannot  ascertain  at  what  period  he 
joined  the  army,  but  he  was  present  at  the 
cavalry  engagements  of  Sahagun  and  Benevente, 
on  December  20th  and  27th,  1808,  on  the  retreat 
of  Sir  John  Moore's  army  to  Coruna,  for  which 
he  is  decorated  with  a  Peninsula  medal.  For  his 
bravery  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  he  was 
promoted,  May  19,  1813,  to  a  cornetcy  in  the 
royal  wagon  train  ;  and  was  transferred,  August  12 
following,  to  the  23rd  Light  Dragoons,  and 
was  same  day  appointed  Regimental  Adjutant  of 
that  corps.  On  the  almost  total  change  of  officers 
that  took  place  in  the  10th  Hussars,  owing  to  the 
quarrels  of  Colonels  Quentin  and  Palmer,  Lieu- 
tenant Hardman  succeeded  Captain  Bromley,  on 
December  15,  1814,  as  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant 
in  the  corps  in  which  he  had  commenced  his 
military  career ;  a  sufficient  proof  of  his  having 
been  a  zealous,  active,  and  efficient  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  when  serving  as  such  in  the  regi- 
ment. He  embarked  at  Ramsgate  with  the  ser- 
vice squadrons  of  his  regiment  in  April,  1815,  and 
landed  at  Ostend,  whence  the  10th  regiment  pro- 
ceeded to  Brussels  :  it  was  present  at  Quatre 
Bras,  although  not  engaged  with  the  enemy :  and 
at  Waterloo  it  behaved  with  the  greatest  gal- 
lantry, and  lost  two  officers,  nineteen  soldiers,  and 
fifty-one  horses  killed,  in  addition  to  six  officers 
and  twenty-six  men  wounded.  Lieutenant  Hard- 
man's  position  as  adjutant  necessarily  kept  him 
in  the  vicinity  of  his  commanding  officers,  Col. 
Quentin  and  Major  Howard ;  therefore  he  was  an 
eye-witness  of  poor  Howard's  death.  Lieutenant 
Hardman  received  the  Waterloo  medal.  The 
10th  Hussars  landed  at  Ramsgate,  from  Boulogne, 
in  January,  1816,  and  marched  to  Brighton, 
where  Lieutenant  Hardman  resigned  the  adju- 
tantcy,  February  8,  1816,  and  exchanged  to  half- 


pay  of  the   regiment,  June  6,  same  year,  since 
which  period  he  has  not  served  upon  full  pay. 

G.  L.  S. 


CHURCHES    IN    "DOMESDAY    BOOK." 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  151.) 

A.  W.  H.  says,  "  In  the  case  of  many  parishes 
it  is  stated  [in  Domesday  Book],  that  there  was  a 
church  there  :  is  it  considered  conclusive  authority 
that  there  was  not  one,  if  it  is  not  mentioned  in 
Domesday  Book  ? "  This  question  has,  I  doubt 
not,  often  engaged  the  attention  of  antiquaries; 
and  I  am  somewhat  surprised  that  the  Query  has 
elicited  no  reply.  The  conclusion  has  often  been 
drawn  that,  no  church  being  mentioned,  none 
existed  before  the  survey.  It  would  appear  this 
conclusion  has  been  an  erroneous  one.  In  the 
last  volume  issued  by  the  Chetham  Society  (Do- 
cuments relating  to  the  Priory  of  Penwortham,  and 
other  Possessions  in  Lancashire  of  the  Abbey  of 
Evesham,  edited  by  W.  A.  Hulton,  Esq.)  that 
point  is  ably  discussed;  and  as  Mr.  Hulton's 
views  on  a  subject  of  so  much  interest  cannot 
but  be  valuable,  I  venture  to  extract  them,  as 
worthy  of  a  place  in  "  N.  &  Q."  He  says  : 

"  Donations  of  churches  with  tithes  are  made  directly 
after  the  survey  of  Domesday  was  taken.  And  yet  that 
survey  is  entirely  silent  as  to  their  existence.  Similar 
omissions  have  given  rise  to  doubts,  whether  the  in- 
stitution of  our  parochial  economy  had  been  carried 
out  to  its  full  extent  previous  to  the  Conquest,  and 
whether  we  are  not  indebted  to  the  Normans  for  its 

full  perfection.      Such  doubts  are  unfounded 

There  is  nothing  in  Domesday  to  justify  the  doubts  al- 
luded to.  A  consideration  of  the  objects  of  that  survey 
will  dissipate  them :  the  purpose  was  principally  finan- 
cial. It  was  directed  so  as  to  obtain  a  correct  account 
of  the  taxable  property  within  the  kingdom.  And  it 
was  immaterial  whether  the  proceeds  were  paid  alto- 
gether to  the  owner,  or  a  definite  portion  was  diverted 
into  other  channels.  Therefore  those  churches  which 
were  endowed  only  with  tithes  of  the  surrounding  dis- 
tricts, as  Eccleston  and  Croston,  Penwortham  and 
Leyland,  in  Leyland  Hundred,  and  Rochdale  and 
Eccles,  in  Salford  Hundred,  were  unnoticed,  although 
the  two  first-named  churches  were  granted  by  Roger 
de  Poictou,  with  their  tithes  and  other  appurtenances, 
to  the  Priory  of  Lancaster ;  and  the  pages  of  the 
Coucher  Book  of  Whalley  prove  the  two  latter  churches 
to  have  existed  at  a  date  perhaps  anterior  to  the  Con- 
quest. But  the  case  was  different  when  a  church  was 
endowed  with  glebe-land.  Such  a  church  appeared  in 
the  light  of  a  landowner,  and  in  that  character  is  its 
existence  notified.  Thus,  in  modern  Lancashire,  south 
of  the  Ribble,  the  churches  of  Wigan  and  Winwick, 
Childwall,  Walton,  Warrington,  Manchester,  Black- 
burn, and  Whalley  are  expressly  named  in  Domesday, 
but  invariably  in  connexion  with  the  ownership  of 
land.  It  seems  clear,  therefore,  that  the  silence  of 
Domesday  cannot  be  urged  as  a  proof  of  the  non-exisk- 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Nc.  233. 


ence  of  a  church,  or  of  the  subsequent  grant  of  those 
rights  and  privileges  by  which  its  due  efficiency  is 
maintained."  —  Introd.,  p.  xxiii. 

WM.  DOBSON. 
Preston. 


MEMOIRS    OF    GRAMMONT. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  461.  549. ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  3.  204.) 
"  Ceste  noble  race  de  Grantmont."  —  Brantume. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  principal  events 
In  the  life  of  the  Chevalier  de  Grammont. 

He  was  born  in  the  year  1621,  probably  at  the 
family  seat  of  Bidache,  in  Gascony. 

He  was  sent  to  the  college  at  Pau  in  Beam, 
the  nearest  university  to  the  family  residence. 
His  studies  here  did  not  much,  benefit  him ;  and 
although  intended  for  the  church,  we  find  him  at 
a  later  period  actually  highly  commending  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  and  seriously  inquiring  by  whom 
it  was  written.  On  his  declining  a  clerical  life, 
he  was  sent  to  the  French  army  in  Piedmont  in 
1643.  He  served  under  his  brother,  the  Marshal, 
and  the  Prince  de  Conde ;  and  was  present  at  the 
three  battles  of  Fribourg  on  the  3rd,  5th,  and  9th 
Aug.  1644 ;  and  at  that  of  Nordlinguen  on  the 
3rd  Aug.  1645.  It  was  at  the  battle  of  Fribourg 
that  the  Prince  de  Conde,  having  failed  in  his  first 
attack  on  the  enemy,  got  off  horseback,  and  placed 
himself  at  the  head  of  the  regiment  of  Conti, 
•whilst  all  the  officers  and  volunteers  alighted  also, 
amongst  whom  is  mentioned  the  Chevalier  de 
Grammont ;  and  this  reassuring  the  soldiers,  they 
charged  the  enemy,  who  fled  into  a  wood  under 
favour  of  the  approaching  night.  At  Nordlin- 
guen,  the  Marshal  de  Grammont  was  taken  pri- 
soner, and  nearly  murdered  by  the  Germans,  to 
revenge  the  death  of  their  General,  the  great 
Mercy,  who  was  slain  in  the  battle.  The  Marshal 
was  subsequently  exchanged  against  Gen.  Gleen. 

In  1647  Grammont  served  again  under  his 
brother  and  the  Prince  de  Conde  in  Spain  :  and  in 
1648  he  was  present  with  them  at  the  battle  of 
Lens  on  the  20th  Aug.,  where  the  Archduke  Leo- 
pold and  General  Beck  were  totally  defeated  in 
Flanders. 

The  troubles  of  the  Fronde  now  commenced; 
and  in  the  first  instance  Grammont  zealously  at- 
tached himself  to  the  prince.  In  Dec.  1649,  he 
tested  the  accuracy  of  the  report  that  it  was  in- 
tended to  assassinate  the  prince  by  sending  his 
own  coach  with  the  prince's  liveries  over  the  Pont 
Neuf,  to  see  what  would  occur.  The  result  was, 
the  coach  was  fired  at ;  but,  as  no  one  was  in  it, 
the  would-be  assassins  did  no  harm.  During  the 
imprisonment  of  the  princes,  Grammont,  with 
others,  joined  the  Spanish  army  which  had  ad- 
vanced into  Picardy,  in  consequence  of  the  treaty 
the  Duchesse  de  Longueville  and  Turenne  had 
made  with  the  King  of  Spain. 


We  do  not  find  when  Grammont  left  the 
prince's  party ;  the  prince  himself  admitted  it  was 
with  honour.  He  seems  to  have  connected  him- 
self with  Gaston,  Duke  of  Orleans  ;  and  is  styled 
about  this  time  by  "la  Grande  Mademoiselle"  as 
one  of  her  father's  gentlemen.  She  also  relates 
that  when  the  royal  forces  threatened  Orleans,  the 
inhabitants  sent  to  the  duke  for  succour,  and  he 
sent  the  Count  de  Fiesque  and  Mons.  de  Gram- 
mont, who  appeased  their  fears.  The  duke  also 
advised  his  daughter  to  take  the  opinion  of  Fiesque 
and  Grammont  in  all  matters,  as  they  had  been  in 
Orleans  long  enough  to  know  what  ought  to  be 
done.  When  Mademoiselle  was  trying  to  effect 
an  entrance  into  the  city,  Grammont  incited  the 
inhabitants  to  assist  in  breaking  open  a  gate,  which 
the  authorities,  under  fear  of  the  royal  displeasure, 
were  afraid  to  direct.  The  gate  was  broken  open, 
and  she  was  borne  in  triumph  along  the  streets. 

It  was  probably  at  this  period  that  Grammont 
sighed  for  the  Countess  de  Fiesque  (about  whom 
he,  and  his  nephew  the  Count  de  Guiche,  quar- 
relled) ;  as  Mademoiselle,  in  her  Memoirs,  re- 
lates that,  in  the  year  1656,  on  her  interview  with 
Christina,  Queen  of  Sweden,  she  presented  to  her, 
amongst  others,  the  Countess  de  Fiesque,  one  of 
her  ladies  of  honour.  The  Queen  observed  :  "  The 
Countess  de  I^iesque  is  not  so  beautiful  as  to  have 
made  so  much  noise ;  is  the  Chevalier  de  Gram- 
mont still  in  love  with  her  ?  " 

In  1654  Grammont  accompanied  the  Court  to 
Peronne  ;  where  they  anxiously  awaited  Turenne's 
attempt  to  force  the  Prince  de  Coiide's  lines  at 
Arras,  as  related  in  the  Memoirs. 

On  the  25th  Nov.  1655,  Madame  de  Sevigne 
writes  to  Bussi-Rabutin,  relating  an  anecdote  in 
which  Grammont  was  a  party. 

Madame  de  Motteville  relates  that  Queen  Chris- 
tina rallied  the  Chevalier  de  Grammont  on  the 
passion  he  had  then  for  the  Duchesse  de  Mercceur, 
one  of  Cardinal  Mazarin's  nieces  ;  and  spared  him 
only  on  account  of  the  utter  hopelessness  of  it. 

It  is  about  this  period  we  are  inclined  ta. 
place  Grammont's  first  visit  to  England;  where 
curiosity,  Hamilton  informs  us,  drew  him  to  see 
so  remarkable  a  character  as  Cromwell ;  but  this 
visit  will  be  a  good  starting-place  for  the  next 
Number.  W.  H.  LAMMIN. 


Fulham. 


CELTIC  AND  LATIN  LANGUAGES. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  174.  280.  353. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  14.) 
"  Professor  F.  W.  Newman,  in  his  little  work  entitl 
Regal  Rome,  maintains  that  the  old  languages  of  Italy 
especially  the  Umbrian  and  Sabine,  contained  a  strik- 
ing predominance  of  Celtic  ingredients,  and  he  wishes 
to  show  that  this  is  still  evident  even  in  the  Latin  of 
Cicero.  His  proof  rests  on  vocabularies  (pp.  19 — 26.), 
especially  in  regard  to  the  military,  political,  and  reli- 


, 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


357 


gious  words  which  he  supposes  the  Romans  derived 
from  the  Sabines  (p.  61.).  With  regard  to  these  lists, 
I  have  to  observe,  that  while  all  that  is  valid  in  the 
comparison  merely  gives  the  Indo- Germanic  of  the 
Celtic  languages — a  fact  beyond  dispute — Mr.  New- 
man takes  no  pains  to  discriminate  between  the  marks 
of  an  original  identity  of  root,  and  those  words  which 
the  Celts  of  Britain  derived  from  their  Roman  con- 
querors."—  Donaldson's  Farronianus,  p.  64. 

"  It  is  to  be  remarked,  that  almost  all  the  words  of 
the  British  tongue  agree  either  with  the  Greek  or  Latin. 
It  is  this  strong  similarity  of  features  between  their 
own  language  and  those  of  Greece  and  Italy,  that  has 
induced  so  many  of  my  countrymen  to  claim  for  it  the 
honour  of  being  the  mother-tongue  of  all,  and  to  scorn 
all  examination  which  did  not  commence  with  this 
confession.  Even  the  late  learned  Dr.  Owen  Pugh 
has,  in  his  Dictionary,  by  arbitrarily  selecting  certain 
syllables  as  the  roots  of  all  Cumrian  words,  done  much 
to  foster  this  overweening  conceit.  The  system  was 
carried  to  its  extreme  point  of  absurdity  by  the  Rev. 
Edward  Davies,  who  by  the  help  of  such  syllables  ex- 
pected to  unravel  the  mysteries  of  all  languages.  This 
failure  has  I  hope  paved  the  way  for  the  more  sober 
consideration  of  the  question,  which,  if  worked  out 
fairly,  will  in  my  opinion  establish  the  claim  of  the 
Cumrian  tongue,  if  not  to  be  the  mother  of  all  tongues, 
at  least  to  be  a  valuable  branch  of  the  Caucasian  tree 
of  languages.  Now,  had  the  two  races,  the  Roman 
and  Cumrian,  remained  always  separate,  a  comparative 
etymology  would  have  been  an  easy  task ;  for  no  more 
would  be  necessary  than  to  put  the  similar  roots,  having 
the  same  meaning,  side  by  side.  But,  unfortunately 
for  the  scholar  who  undertakes  to  prove  the  question, 
the  Romans  were  in  this  island  four  hundred  years, 
colonised  it  partly,  and  partly  gave  it  their  own 
form  of  civilisation.  As  before  mentioned,  the  inha- 
bitants adopted  with  avidity  the  Roman  dress,  language, 
and  literature.  That  language  must  therefore  be  sup- 
posed to  have  entered  deeply  into  the  composition  of 
the  present  Cumrian  tongue.  The  sceptical  examiner 
•may  therefore  reasonably  object,  that  any  similarity 
between  the  two  languages  might  have  originated  in 
the  adoption  of  that  of  Rome  by  the  British  provin- 
cials. In  answer  to  this  I  refer  in  the  first  place  to 
Lloyd's  reasoning,  quoted  in  the  note,"  viz.  that  the 
same  similarity  exists  between  the  Latin  and  the  Erse 
£see  Newman,  in  the  Classical  Museum,  vol.  vi.].  "  In 
the  second  place  to  the  fact,  that  Wales  and  Cornwall 
do  not  appear  to  have  been  occupied,  like  the  rest  of 
England,  by  the  Romans."  ..."  Still,  however,  the 
long  residence  of  the  Romans  in  the  island,  with  the 
known  influence  always  produced  by  such  a  state  of 
things,  renders  every  statement  grounded  on  the  simi- 
larity alone  of  the  languages  of  the  two  races,  the  con- 
quered  and  the  conquerors,  liable  to  suspicion.  I  have 
therefore  been  compelled  to  enter  upon  an  exceedingly 
ifficalt  investigation,  which,  if  successful,  must  prove 
ie  radical  identity  of  the  Latin  and  Cumrian  tongues. 
The  proof  is  this  :  If  there  are  derivative  words  in  the 
n,  of  which  we  must  seek  the  primitives  in  the 
Cumrian,  and  if  these  primitives  be  shown  to  furnish 
an  explanation  of  many  words  before  inexplicable  on 
etymological  principles.  For  example,  if  the  word 


'to  tread'  under  various  forms  be  found,  with  the 
meaning  'to  trample  with  the  feet,'  in  most  of  the 
western  languages  of  Europe,  and  have  no  noun  to 
base  itself  upon  in  these  languages,  and  yet  the  noun 
'  traed  the  feet '  be  found  in  one  of  them,  the  inference 
is  irresistible  that  the  verb  in  all  its  forms  was  derived 
from  this  root.  To  deny  this  would  be  equivalent  to 
a  denial  that  the  Latin  verb  calcare  came  from  calx, 
'the  heel.'  In  the  following  list,  such  words  alone, 
with  a  few  exceptions  for  the  sake  of  etymological 
illustration,  have  been  introduced.  It  might  have  been 
indefinitely  extended,  but  the  difficulty  was  to  confine 
the  examples  within  moderate  limits."  —  Williams  on 
One  Source  of  the  Non-Hellenic  Portion  of  the  Latin 
Language.  * 

This  eminent  scholar  supplies  sixty-two,  with 
explanatory  notes,  and  subjoins  a  list  of  sixty- 
three.  Under  the  example  "  Occo,  occare,  to  har- 
row" he  observes : 

"  Persons  who  wish  to  draw  subtle  inferences  say 
that  all  the  terms  of  the  Romans  connected  with  agri- 
culture may  be  referred  to  a  Greek  source,  while  the 
terms  expressive  of  war  and  hunting  are  non- Hellenic. 
The  induction  fails  completely  in  both  parts,  as  might 
easily  be  shown.  When  Caesar  landed  in  Britain,  the 
natives  were  agriculturists,  densely  planted.  And 
Halley  proved,  that  the  harvest  which  Cassar's  soldiers 
reaped  had  ripened  at  the  average  period  of  a  Kentish 
harvest  in  his  days.  Assuredly  then  the  Britons  had 
not  the  agricultural  names  to  learn  from  the  Romans 
of  an  after  age." 

"  I  begin,"  says  Newman,  "  with  the  country  and 
domestic  animals,  which  will  show  how  very  far  from 
the  truth  Niebuhr  was,  when  he  imagined  that  in 
words  connected  with  'the  gentler  pursuits  of  life'  the 
Roman  language  has  a  peculiarly  extensive  agreement 
with  the  Hellenic." 

When  your  correspondent  T.  H.  T.  says  — 

"  Professor  Newman,  in  his  Regal  Rome,  has  drawn 
attention  to  the  subject ;  but  his  induction  does  not 
appear  sufficiently  extensive  to  warrant  any  decisive 
conclusion  respecting  the  position  the  Celtic  holds  as 
an  element  of  the  Latin," — 

he  could  not  have  known  that  the  same  writer  has, 
in  the  sixth  volume  of  the  Classical  Museum,  con- 
tinued the  comparison  at  great  length ;  and  as 
that  work  falls  into  the  hands  of  but  few,  I  shall 
transcribe  some  passages  which  may  throw  light 
on  the  subject : 

"  It  has  for  some  years  been  recognised,  at  least  by 
several  English  scholars,  that  there  is  a  remarkable 
similarity  between  the  Celtic  languages  and  Latin. 
In  the  case  of  Welsh  it  was,  I  believe,  at  first  sup- 
posed that  the  words  must  have  been  introduced  by 
the  Roman  dominion  in  Britain  ;  but  when  the  like- 
ness was  found  to  exist  in  the  Erse,  and  that  the  Erse 
was  even  more  like  to  Latin  (as  regards  the  con- 
sonants) than  the  Welsh  is,  this  idea  of  course  fell  to 


*  In  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh, 
vol.  xiii. 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


the  ground.  The  scholar  and  physiologist,  who  first 
pressed  into  notice  the  strong  similarities  of  the  Celtic  to 
the  European  languages,  and  claimed  a  place  for  Celtic 
within  that  group,  Dr.  Prichard,  has  naturally  fixed 
his  attention  with  so  much  strength  on  the  primitive 
relations  of  all  these  tongues,  as  to  be  jealous  and 
suspicious  of  an  argument,  which  alleges  that  the  one 
has  borrowed  from  the  other.  Some  ten  years  ago,  by 
his  favour,  I  read  a  MS.  of  a  vocabulary  (the  compo- 
sition of  Dr.  Stratton,  formerly  of  Aberdeen),  which 
compared  the  Gaelic  with  the  Latin  tongue  in  alpha- 
betical order  without  comment  or  development.  From 
this  vocabulary  Prichard  gives  an  extract  in  his  chapter 
on  the  Italian  nations,  and  finds  it  entirely  to  confirm 
his  views  that  the  Roman  language  has  not  suffered 
any  larger  admixture  by  a  foreign  action.  What  is  or 
\vas  Dr.  Stratton's  opinion,  I  never  heard.  His  voca- 
bulary first  suggested  to  me  the  value  of  this  inquiry, 
and  that  is  all.  Having  now  been  led  to  a  fuller  ex- 
amination of  the  Welsh  and  Gaelic  dictionaries,  I  find 
not  only  a  far  greater  abundance  of  material  (especially 
in  the  Welsh)  than  I  could  have  imagined ;  but  also, 
that  by  grouping  words  aright,  conclusions  result  such 
a§  I  had  not  expected,  and  adverse  to  those  of  Dr. 
Prichard." 

Professor  Newman,  as  T.  H.  T.  has  observed, 
confined  himself  to  a  tabular  view  of  Celtic  and 
Latin  words ;  but  the  grammatical  structure  and 
formal  development  of  the  two  languages  have  not 
been  overlooked  in  the  philological  literature  of 
England.  These  interesting  inquiries  have  been 
pursued  by  Dr.  Prichard,  in  his  elaborate  treatise 
on  the  Eastern  Origin  of  the  Celtic  Nations,  and 
the  Rev.  W.  D.  Conybeare,  (in  his  Theological  Lec- 
tures delivered  in  Bristol  College  in  1831-33)  has 
shown  that  it  is  by  thus  analysing  the  grammatical 
structure,  which  forms  the  very  skeleton  of  lan- 
guages, rather  than  by  confining  our  attention  to 
mere  vocabularies,  that  we  may  best  detect  their 
true  affinities,  and  has  illustrated  this  doctrine  by 
a  few  Welsh  examples.  In  the  West  of  England 
Archceological  Journal  is  exhibited  (I  believe  by 
the  same  author)  the  identity  of  verbal  forms  in 
the  Welsh  and  Latin  languages. 

Nevertheless,  Archdeacon  Williams  maintains 
that  two  languages  may  have  a  common  vocabu- 
lary, but  different  grammars  *  : 

"  The  Latin  language,  whether  from  Pelasgic  or 
Achaean  influence,  adopted  at  an  early  period  the  Hel- 
lenic grammar;  and,  under  the  skilful  hands  of  the 
bilingual  Ennius,  became  that  polished  interpreter  of 
thought,  which  yields  in  regularity  and  majesty  to  the 
Greek  alone.  The  Cumri  either  retained,  which  is 
more  probable,  a  still  more  ancient,  or  invented  a 
grammar,  now  peculiar  to  themselves.  This,  although 
it  be  simple  and  scientific  in  the  highest  degree,  is  so 
completely  at  variance  with  all  the  other  grammars  of 
the  civilised  world,  that  scholars  who  have  to  acquire 

*  In  his  Corner  he  shows  that  the  Latin  and  Cym- 
raeg  display  great  similarity  in  the  tenses  of  the  sub- 
stantive verb. 


it  late  in  life  feel  the  strongest  repugnance  to  its  forms 
and  principles,  and  are  tempted  to  regard  a  language 
more  fixed  and  unchangeable  in  its  principles  than  any 
other  existing,  as  more  slippery  and  grasp-escaping 
than  the  Proteus  of  the  Grecian  mythology." 

Since  I  wrote  these  extracts,  I  have  been  much 
gratified  by  the  perusal  of  Archdeacon  Williams's 
Gomer,  which  I  recommend  to  all  interested  in 
this  inquiry.,  BIBLIOTHECAE.  CHETHAM. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Box  Sawdust  for  Collodion.  —  The  following  will  be 
of  some  use  to  your  photographic  readers  : 

It  find  that,  by  treating  box  sawdust  with  nitric  and 
sulphuric  acid  (in  the  same  manner  as  cotton),  and 
then  dissolving  it  in  ether,  it  gives  a  far  more  sensitive 
collodion  than  either  cotton  or  paper,  and  the  pictures 
produced  by  it  are  of  unequalled  brilliancy. 

Can  you  inform  me  whether  portraits  can  be  taken 
for  sale,  by  the  collodion  process,  without  infringing 
upon  the  patents  ?  CHAS.  WHITWORTH. 

Henrietta  St.,  Birmingham. 

Proportions  of  Chlorides  and  Silver.  —  I  trust  you 
will  allow  me  space  in  your  valuable  work  for  some 
remarks  in  reference  to  an  important  photographic 
query,  viz.  What  are  the  proportions  of  chlorides  and 
silver  uniformly  suited  to  give  the  best  positive  pic- 
tures ? 

I  am  led  to  propose  this  subject  for  the  consideration 
of  practical  photographists,  and,  if  possible,  that  ama- 
teurs may  arrive  at  something  like  a  rule  to  guide 
them  in  printing  positives  that  will  please. 

The  necessity  of  these  remarks,  to  me  at  least, 
appear  very  evident  from  the  wide  space  which  stands 
between  the  proportions  proposed  by  various  operators. 
MR.  LYTE,  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  158.,  says  42  grains 
of  chloride  and  100  grains  of  silver  to  1  oz.  of  water. 
MR.  POLLOCK,  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vii.,  p.  588.,  says 
20  grains  chloride,  and  90  grains  of  silver  to  the  ounce. 
MR.  HOCKIN  has  10  grains  chloride,  silver  60.  MR. 
DELAMOTTE,  for  albumenized  paper,  chloride  60  grains, 
silver  120.  MR.  THORNTHWAITE  begins  as  low  as 
chloride  i  grain,  and  silver  30  grains ;  and  lastly, 
amidst  a  long  range  of  proportions,  from  1  grain  of, 
chloride  to  the  ounce,  and  silver  20  grains  to  the 
ounce,  DR.  DIAMOND,  a  great  authority  in  photo- 
graphy, assures  all  that  the  best  results  can  be  ob- 
tained by  using  of  chloride  5  grains  to  the  ounce,  and 
of  silver  40  grains  to  the  ounce.  If  so,  let  the  photo- 
graphic world  know  that  the  latter  proportions  are 
sufficient,  and  the  others  needless,  wasteful,  and  ex- 
pensive without  cause.  I  trust  you  agree  with  me  in 
thinking  that  it  would  be  of  use  to  a  large  number  of 
beginners  to  have  the  proportions  best  suited  for 
printing  positives  defined  as  near  as  possible,  and  not 
be  left  to  guess  at  proportions  varying  from  |  grain  to 
60  grains,  and  from  20  to  120.  I  have  written  hur- 
riedly, and  hope  you  will  see  the  object  I  aim  at. 

AMATEUR. 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


359 


Photographic  Copies  of  Rembrandt.  —  The  extreme 
rarity  and  great  pecuniary  value  of  many  of  Rem- 
brandt's finest  etchings  are  doubtless  well  known  to 
many  of  our  readers,  as  being  such  as  to  put  these 
master-pieces  of  art  beyond  the  reach  of  ordinary  pur- 
chasers. This  series  of  works,  calculated  beyond  all 
others  of  their  kind  to  delight  the  possessor,  will  how- 
ever, thanks  to  photography,  soon  be  obtainable  by 
all  admirers  of  the  great  master.  Two  distinguished 
French  photographers,  the  brothers  MM.  Bisson,  have 
succeeded  in  obtaining,  by  means  of  this  wonderful 
art,  copies  of  a  fidelity  attainable  by  no  other  pro- 
cess :  so  that  the  wondrous  lights,  shades,  half-tones, 
and  chiaro-obscuro,  for  which  Rembrandt  is  so  re- 
markable, are  preserved  in  all  their  original  beauty. 
The  plates  will  be  accompanied  by  descriptive  letter- 
press, and  by  a  Biography  of  Rembrandt  from  the  pen 
of  M.  Charles  Blanc.  As  the  works  are  so  numerous, 
the  first  series  will  consist  of  forty  plates,  to  be  issued 
in  ten  livraisons,  each  containing  four  plates,  price 
twenty  francs  ;  a  very  moderate  sum,  if  we  remember 
that  among  the  works  thus  to  be  issued,  at  a  cost  of 
five  francs  each,  will  be  found  copies  of  such  gems  as 
the  Avocat  Tolling  and  the  Piece  de  Cent  Florins. 

Coloured  Photographs.  —  I  have  lately  seen,  and  very 
much  admired,  some  specimens  of  photographic  co- 
loured portraits.  They  have  all  the  broad  effect  of  the 
great  masters  perfectly  in  detail,  and  none  of  the  nig- 
gling effect  of  many  coloured  photographs,  which  are 
in  fact  specimens  of  miniature  painting  rather  than 
photography  —  the  outline  alone  being  given  by  the 
photographic  art.  The  specimens  I  refer  to  appear 
to  have  been  soaked  in  oil,  or  some  transparent  varnish, 
and  then  coloured  in  separate  tints,  probably  from  the 
back  ;  the  shadows  being  entirely  photographic.  It  is 
evident  they  are  quickly  and  easily  executed ;  but  I  am 
desirous  of  knowing  the  exact  process,  and  shall  be 
much  obliged  for  information  on  the  subject. 

AN  AMATEUR. 


to  Minor 


Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  56.  184.).  — 
Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon,  and  his  brother  Mr.  John 
Duncon,  are  mentioned  in  Barnabas  Oley's  Pre- 
face to  George  Herbert's  Country  Parson,  as 
having  '*  died  before  the  miracle  of  our  happy 
Restoration."  There  was  another  brother,  Mr. 
Edmund  Duncon,  rector  of  Fryarn  Barnet,  in  the 
county  of  Middlesex  ;  sent  by  Mr.  Farrer  to  visit 
George  Herbert,  during  his  last  illness.  E.  H.  A. 

Christian  Names  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  406.  488.  626.).  — 
The  earliest  instance  I  have  yet  met  with,  of  an 
individual  with  two  Christian  names,  occurs  in  the 
compulsory  cession  of  the  Abbey  of  Vale  Koyal  to 
King  Henry  VIII.  ;  the  deed  conveying  which  is 
still  extant  in  the  Augmentation  Office.  It  is  in 
Latin,  and  signed  by  John  Harwood  the  Abbot, 
Alexander  Sedon  the  Prior,  William  Brenck  Har- 


rysun,  and  twelve  other  monks  of  the  Abbey. 
Vale  Royal  Abbey  is  now  the  seat  of  Lord  Dela- 
mere,  into  whose  family  it  came  by  purchase  in 
1616,  from  the  descendant  of  Sir  Thomas  Holcroft, 
the  original  grantee  from  the  crown.  T.  HUGHES. 
Chester. 

I  send  you  a  much  earlier  instance  of  two  Chris- 
tian names  than  any  that  has  hitherto  been  given 
in  your  pages.  Henry  Prince  of  Wales,  son  of 
King  Henry  IV.,  was  baptized  by  the  names 
Henry  Frederick.  Vide  Camden's  Remains,  4to., 
1605.  I  have  not  a  reference  to  the  page. 

C.  DE  D. 

Abigail  (Vol.iv.,  pp.424.,  &c.;  Vol.viii.,  p. 653.). 
— Your  recent  correspondents  on  this  subject  do 
not  appear  to  have  met  with  the  passage  in  which 
I  mentioned,  that  since  putting  the  question,  I 
had  found  that  a  waiting-maid  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher's  comedy  of  The  Scornful  Lady  was 
named  Abigail ;  and  that,  as  the  play  appeared  to 
have  been  a  favourite  one,  the  application  of  the 
name  to  the  class  generally  was  probably  owing 
to  it.  In  the  absence  of  any  proof  of  its  having 
been  previously  used  in  this  sense,  I  still  continue 
to  think  that  this  conjecture  was  well  founded. 
Considering  the  terms  on  which  Dean  Swift  was 
with  the  Mashams,  he  was  the  last  person  in  the 
world  to  have  used  such  a  term,  unless  it  had  been, 
so  long  in  familiar  use  as  to  be  deprived  of  all 
appearance  of  personal  allusion  to  them. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

"Begging  the  question"  (Vol.viii.,  p.  640.). — 
This  phrase  is  identical  with  that  of  "  petitio  prin- 
cipii,"  a  figure  of  speech  well  known  both  to 
logicians  and  mathematicians,  i.  e.  assuming  a 
point  as  proved,  and  reasoning  upon  it  as  such, 
which  has  in  fact  not  been  proved. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Russian  Emperors  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  222.).  —  I  am 
informed  by  a  late  resident  in  Russia  that  the 
rumour  to  which  MR.  CROSFIELD  refers  has  no 
foundation.  I  am  farther  informed,  however, 
that  after  a  twenty-five  years'  reign  the  monarch 
has  even  more  absolute  and  despotic  authority 
than  before  the  lapse  of  that  time.  I  hope  this 
subject  may  be  well  ventilated,  as  considerable 
misapprehension  exists  about  it.  JOHN  SCRIBE. 

Garble  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  243.). — Your  correspondent 
E.  S.  T.  T.  was  mistaken  when  he  said  that  the 
"  corrupt "  meaning  of  the  word  garble  is  now  the 
only  one  ever  used.  In  proof  of  this  I  would 
give  one  instance,  familiar  to  me,  in  which  it  still 
retains  its  "  good  "  signification.  In  "  working  '* 
cochineal,  spices,  and  other  similar  merchandise 
at  the  warehouse  in  which  they  are  stored  upon 
their  arrival  in  this  country,  the  operation  of 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  233. 


sifting  and  separating  the  good  from  the  bad  is 
termed  garbling :  the  word  being  here  employed 
in  the  very  same  sense  as  in  the  examples  quoted 
by  E.  S.  T.  T.,  illustrative  of  its  original  mean- 
ing, and  which  sense  he  erroneously  stated  it  no 
longer  possessed.  R.  V.  T. 

Mincing  Lane. 

I  cannot  agree  with  your  correspondent  E.  S. 
T.  T.,  that  a  corruption  of  meaning  has  taken 
place  in  this  word ;  and  that  whereas  it  originally 
meant  a  selection  of  the  good  and  a  discarding  of 
the  bad  parts  of  anything,  its  present  meaning  is 
exactly  the  reverse  of  this.  Its  original  signifi- 
cation is  correctly  stated  :  the  garbling  of  spices, 
drugs,  &c.,  meant  the  selection  of  the  good  and 
the  rejection  of  the  bad.  But  the  garbling  of  a 
passage  cited  as  a  testimony  is  a  precisely  analo- 
gous process.  The  person  who  garbles  the  pas- 
sage omits  those  parts  which  can  be  used  against 
his  view,  and  adduces  only  those  parts  which  sup- 
port his  conclusion.  He  selects  the  parts  which 
are  good,  and  rejects  those  which  are  bad,  for  his 
purpose.  When  a  passage  is  said  to  be  garbled, 
it  is  always  implied  that  the  person  who  quotes  it 
has  suppressed  a  portion  which  tells  against  him- 
self; but  that  portion  is,  so  far  as  he  is  concerned, 
the  bad,  not  the  good  portion.  The  secondary  and 
metaphorical  is  therefore  precisely  analogous  to 
the  primary  and  literal  sense  of  the  word,  and 
not  the  reverse  of  it.  L. 

Electric  Telegraph  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  270.).  — As 
every  new  attempt  to  improve  this  invaluable 
invention,  and  to  extend  its  use,  is  of  world-wide 
importance,  the  following  extract  from  La  Presse, 
a  French  newspaper  of  March  23rd,  will  excite 
inquiry : 

"  On  ecrit  de  Berne,  le  17  Mars,  MM.  Brunner  et 
Hipp,  directeurs  des  telegraphes  electriques  de  la 
Suisse,  viennent  d'inventer  un  appareil  portatif  a 
1'aide  duquel,  en  1'appliquant  a  un  point  quelconque 
des  fils  telegraphiques,  on  peut  transmettre  une 
depeche.  L'essai  de  cet  appareil  a  ete  fait  a  deux 
lieues  de  Berne,  dans  un  lieu  ou  il  n'existe  aucune 
section  de  telegraphic." 

The  writer  goes  on  to  say  that  the  experiment 
had  been  tested  with  success  on  the  lines  to 
Zurich,  Basle,  Geneva,  &c.  J.  MACRAY. 

Oxford. 

Sutlers  "Lives  of  the  Saints"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  387.). 
—  The  inquiry  respecting  the  various  editions  of 
this  valuable  work  not  having  yet  received  any 
answer,  the  following  information  may  in  some 
degree  satisfy  the  inquirer.  The  first  edition  of 
the  Rev.  Alban  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints  was 
published  in  the  author's  lifetime,  at  various  in- 
tervals from  1754  to  1759,  when  the  last  of  the 
four  volumes  appeared,  of  which  the  edition  was 


composed.  Part  II.  of  vol.  iii.  is  now  before  me, 
with  the  date  1758.  No  other  edition  appeared 
till  after  the  death  of  the  learned  and  pious  au- 
thor, which  took  place  in  1773. 

The  second  edition  was  undertaken  by  the 
most  Rev.  Dr.  Carpenter,  Roman  Catholic  Arch- 
bishop of  Dublin,  and  appeared  in  12  vols.  in 
1779.  It  is  stated  in  the  title-page  to  be  "cor- 
rected and  enlarged  from  the  author's  own  MS." 
It  did  contain  all  the  notes  omitted  in  the  pre- 
vious edition,  and  other  matter  prepared  by  the 
author.  The  third  edition  was  published  in 
Scotland,  and  other  editions  followed ;  but  I  am 
unable  to  give  any  particulars  of  them.  But  the 
splendid  stereotype  edition,  published  in  London 
by  Murphy,  in  1812,  in  12  vols.,  is  by  far  the 
best  ever  produced,  or  ever  likely  to  appear. 
Since  this  there  have  been  other  editions ;  one  in 
2  vols.,  published  in  Ireland,  and  a  cheap  edition 
in  12  small  vols.,  printed  at  Derby;  but  they 
deserve  little  notice.  F.  C.  H. 

Anticipatory  Use  of  the  Cross  (Vol.  viii.  passim). 
—  In  answer  to  particular  inquiry,  I  have  been 
furnished  by  a  resident  in  Macao  with  an  answer, 
of  which  the  following  is  the  substance: — The 
cross  is  commonly  used  in  China,  and  consists  of 
any  flat  boards^  of  sufficient  size,  the  upright  shaft 
being  usually  eight  to  ten  feet  high.  The  trans- 
verse bar  is  fixed  by  a  single  nail  or  rivet,  and  is 
therefore  often  loose,  and  may  be  made  sometimes 
to  traverse  a  complete  circle.  It  is  not  so  much 
an  instrument  of  punishment  in  itself,  as  it  is  an 
operation-board  whereon  to  confine  the  criminal, 
not  with  nails,  but  ropes,  to  undergo— as  in  the 
case  of  a  woman  taken  in  adultery — the  cutting 
away  of  the  flesh  from  the  bosom.  He  adds,  that  he 
has  witnessed  such  punishment,  and  he  has  no 
doubt  that  the  cross  has  been  used  in  this  way  in 
China  immemorially.  Any  of  your  correspon- 
dents will  much  oblige  me  by  correcting  or  con- 
firmin<*  this  statement  from  positive  testimony. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

The  Marquis  of  Grariby  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  127.). — 
A  portrait  of  this  nobleman  constitutes  the  sign  of 
a  public-house  at  Doncaster,  and  of  another  at 
Bawtry,  nine  miles  from  that  town.  His  lordship, 
it  is  said,  occasionally  occupied  Carr  House,  near 
the  former  place,  as  a  hunting-box  in  the  middle 
of  the  last  century.  As  an  instance  of  his  lord- 
ship's popularity,  I  may  here  add,  that  out  of 
compliment  to  him,  and  for  his  greater  conveni- 
ence in  hunting,  at  a  period  when  there  was  a 
considerable  extent  of  uninclosed  and  undrained 
country  around  Doncaster,  the  corporation  di- 
rected several  banks  and  passages  to  be  made  on 
their  estate  at  Rossington;  and  in  1752,  that  body 
likewise  presented  the  Marquis  with  the  freedom 
of  the  borough.  C.  J. 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QTJEKIES. 


361 


Irish  Letters  (Vol.ix.,  p.  246.)-—  The  following 
inscription  on  the  monument  of  Lugnathan,  ne- 
phew of  St.  Patrick,  at  Inchaguile,  in  Lough  Cor- 
rib,  co.  Gahvay,  is  supposed  to  be  the  most  ancient 
in  Ireland  : 

"  LIE    LUGNAEDOV    MACC    LMENUEH." 

"  The  stone  of  Lugnaodon,  son  of  Limenueh." 

The   oldest   Irish   manuscript  is  the  Book   of 

Armagh,  which  contains  a  copy  of  the  Gospels, 

and   some  very  old  lives  of  St.  Patrick.      (See 

O'Donovan's  Irish  Grammar  ',  Dublin,  1845,  p.  Hi.) 

THOMPSON  COOPER. 
Cambridge. 

Rev.  John  Cawley  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  247.).  —  In  reply 
to  the  inquiry  of  C.  T.  K.,  What  is  the  authority 
for  stating  that  the  Rev.  John  Cawley,  rector  of 
Didcot,  was  a  son  of  Cawley  the  regicide  ?  I  send 
you  the  following  extract  from  Wood's  Athena: 
(Bliss's  edition),  vol.  iv.  col.  580.  : 

"John  Cawley,  son  of  Will.  Cawley  of  the  city  of 
Chichester,  gent.,  was,  by  the  endeavours  of  his  father, 
made  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College  (from  that  of  Mag- 
dalen)  by  the  visitors  appointed  by  Parliament,  anno 
1649  ;  took  the  degrees  in  arts,  that  of  Master  being 
completed  in  1654;  and  whether  he  became  a  preacher 
soon  after,  without  any  orders  conferred  on  him  by 
a  bishop,  I  cannot  tell.  Sure  I  am,  that  after  his 
Majesty's  restoration,  he  became  a  great  loyalist,  dis- 
owned the  former  actions  of  his  father,  who  had  been 
one  of  the  judges  of  King  Charles  I.  ;  when  he  was 
tryed  for  his  life  by  a  pretended  court  of  justice,  rayled 
at  him  (being  then  living  in  a  skulking  condition  be- 
yond sea)  ;  and  took  all  opportunities  to  free  himself 
from  having  any  hand  or  anything  to  do  in  the  times 
of  usurpation.  About  which  time,  having  married 
one  of  the  daughters  of  Mr.  Pollard  of  Newnham 
Courtney,  he  became  rector  of  Dedcot,  or  Dudcot,  in 
Berkshire  ;  rector  of  Henley  in  Oxfordshire  ;  and  in 
the  beginning  of  March,  1666,  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln." 


Dublin. 

New  Zealander  and  Westminster  Bridge  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  74.  159.).  —  Your  correspondents  have  traced 
this  celebrated  passage  to  a  letter  from  Horace 
Walpole  to  Sir  H.  Mann,  and  to  passages  in 
poems  by  Mrs.  Barbauld  and  Kirke  White.  It 
appears  to  me  that  the  following  extract  from  the 
Preface  to  P.  B.  Shelley's  Peter  Bell  the  Third, 
has  more  resemblance  to  it.  It  is  addressed  to 
Moore  : 

"  Hoping  that  the  immortality  which  you  have 
given  to  the  Fudges  you  will  receive  from  them  ;  and 
in  the  firm  expectation,  that  when  London  shall  be  an 
habitation  of  bitterns,  when  St.  Paul's  and  Westmin- 
ster Abbey  shall  stand  shapeless  and  nameless  ruins,  in 
the  midst  of  an  unpeopled  marsh  ;  when  the  piers  of 
Westminster  Bridge  shall  become  the  nuclei  of  islets 
of  reeds  and  osiers,  and  cast  the  jagged  shadows  of 
their  broken  arches  on  the  solitary  stream  ;  some  trans- 


atlantic commentator  will  be  weighing  in  the  scales  of 
some  new  and  now  unimagined  sytem  of  criticism,  the 
respective  merits  of  the  Bells,  and  the  Fudges,  and 
their  historians." 

JOHN  THRUPP. 
10.  York  Gate. 

Several  passages  from  different  writers  having 
been  mentioned  in  your  columns  as  likely  to  have 
suggested  to  our  brilliant  essayist  and  historian 
his  celebrated  graphic  sketch  of  the  New  Zea- 
lander meditating  over  the  ruins  of  London,  I 
would  beg  leave  to  hint  the  probability  that  not 
one  of  those  many  passages  were  present  to  his 
mind  or  memory  at  the  moment  he  wrote.  The 
fact  is  that  the  picture  is  so  true  to  nature,  and 
has  been  so  often  sketched,  and  the  associations 
and  reflections  arising  from  it  so  often  felt  and 
described,  that  I  cannot  for  a  moment  admit  the 
insinuation  of  a  charge  of  plagiarism,  or  even  un- 
conscious adaptation  of  another's  thoughts  in  one 
so  abundantly  stored  with  imagery  of  his  own, 
that  the  very  overflowings  of  his  own  wealth 
would  enrich  a  generation  of  writers.  It  has 
however  occurred  to  me  that  his  classic  mind 
might  have  remembered  the  picture  of  Marius 
amid  the  ruins  of  Carthage,  or,  more  probably, 
the  still  more  striking  passage  in  the  celebrated 
letter  of  Sulpicius  to~Cicero,  on  the  death  of  his 
daughter  Tullia,  in  which  he  describes  himself,  on 
his  return  from  Asia,  as  sailing  from  JEgina  to- 
wards Megara,  and  contemplating  the  surrounding 
countries : 

"  Behind  me  lay  JEgina,  before  me  Megara ;  on  my 
right  I  saw  Piraeus,  and  on  my  left  Corinth.  These 
cities,  once  so  flourishing  and  magnificent,  now  pre- 
sented nothing  to  my  view  but  a  sad  spectacle  of  deso- 
lation." 

And  he  then  proceeds  with  his  melancholy  reflec- 
tions on  so  many  perishing  memorials  of  human 
glory  and  grandeur  in  so  small  a  compass. 

G.  W.  T. 
Volney  wrote  thus : 

"  Q,ui  sait  si  sur  les  rives  de  la  Seine,  de  la  Tamise 
.  .  .  dans  le  tourbillon  de  tant  de  jouissances  .  .  . 
un  voyageur,  comme  moi,  ne  s'asseoira  pas  un  jour 
sur  de  muettes  r  nines,  et  ne  pleurera  pas  solitaire  sur 
la  cendre  des  peuples  et  la  memoire  de  leur  grandeur?'* 
—  Les  Ruines,  chap.  ii.  p.  11. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

Misapplication  of  Terms  (Vol.ix.,  p.  44.). —  I 
cannot  pretend  to  set  up  my  judgment  against 
that  of  ME.  SQUEERS,  who  has  in  his  favour  the 
proverbial  wisdom  of  the  Schools.  Kiddle,  how- 
ever, who  I  believe  is  an  authority,  gives  the  word 
LEGO  no  such  meaning  as  "to  hearken."  If 
Plautus  uses  the  word  in  that  sense,  as  it  is  an 
uncommon  one,  the  passage  should  have  been 
quoted,  or  a  reference  given.  The  meaning  of 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No,  233. 


the  word  appears  to  be  "  to  collect,  run  over,  see, 
read,  choose."  In  justification  of  my  criticism, 
and  in  reply  to  MR.  SQUEERS,  I  shall  quote  Home 
Tooke's  remark,  in  speaking  of  "T«  Seoi/ra,  or 
things  which  ought  to  be  done ; "  Div.  Purley, 
Ft.  II.  ch.  viii.  (vol.  ii.  pp.  499—501.,  edit.  1849)  : 

"  The  first  of  these,  LEGEND,  which  means  That 
which  ought  to  be  read,  is,  from  the  early  misapplica- 
tion of  the  term  by  impostors,  now  used  by  us  as  if  it 
meant,  That  which  ought  to  be  laughed  at.  And  so  it  is 
explained  in  our  Dictionaries." 

At  the  hazard  of  being  again  deemed  hypercri- 
tical, while  on  this  subject,  the  misapplication  of 
terms,  I  must  question  the  correctness  of  the  phrase 
"  Under  the  ciVcwmstance."  A  thing  must  be  in 
or  amidst  its  circum- stances ;  it  cannot  be  under 
them.  I  admit  the  commonness  of  the  expression, 
but  it  is  not  the  less  a  solecism.  Can  you  inform 
me  when  it  was  introduced  ?  I  hope  it  is  not  old 
enough  to  be  considered  inveterate.  The  best 
authors  write  "in  the  circumstances  ;"  and  yet  so 
prevalent  is  the  anomaly,  that  in  a  very  respect- 
able periodical,  not  long  since,  the  French  "  dans 
les  circonstances  presentes,"  given  as  a  quotation, 
is  rendered  "  Under  the  present  circumstances." 

J.  W.  THOMAS. 

Dewsbury. 

Hoglandia  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  151.).  —  In  reply  to 
an  inquiry  for  the  full  title  of  a  book  from  which 
a  quotation  is  given  in  Pugna  Porcorum,  the  full 
title  is  Xoip6xtopoypa<f>ia,  sive  Hoglandice  descriptio, 
published  anonymously  in  1709,  in  retaliation  of 
Edward  Ploldsworth's  Muscipula.  "  Hoglandia  " 
is  Hampshire,  and  Holdsworth  probably  was  a 
Hampshire  man,  for  he  was  educated  at  Winches- 
ter, and  we  may  presume  the  anonymous  author 
to  have  been  a  Cambro-Briton.  H.  L. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

LINGARD'S  ENGLAND.    Foolscap  8vo.    1844.    Vols.  I.  to  V.,  aj3d 

X.  and  XI. 
THE  WORKS  OF  DR.  JONATHAN  SWIFT.     London,  printed  for 

C.  Bathurst,  in   Fleet  Street,   1768.      Vol.  VII.      (Vol.  VI. 

ending  with  "  Verses  on  the  Death  of  Dr.  Swift,"  written  in 

Nov.  1731.) 

BYRON'S  WORKS.    Vol.  VI.  of  Murray's  Edition.    18-29. 
The  Volume  of  the  LONDON  POLYGLOTT  which  contains   the 

Prophets.    Imperfection  in  other  parts  of  no  consequence. 
CARLISLE  ON  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS. 
THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.  London,  1828.  12mo.  Two  copies. 

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PLANS  OR  MAPS  OF  ANCIENT   LONDON,  and   Representations  of 
Remarkable  and  Interesting  Objects  connected  therewith— large 
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ta 


Owing  to  our  being  compelled  to  go  to  press  this  week  ready  for 
publication  on  Thursday,  and  to  the  great  mass  of  REPLIES  TO 
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QUJESTOR,  who  calls  our  attention  to  the  catalogue  in  which 
certain  Hollar  and  Eyre  drawings  are  inserted,  attached  to  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  is  than/fed.  We  were,  however,  already 
aware  of  it.  The  subject  is  too  important  to  be  lost  sight  of. 

A.  Z.  is  thanked.  We  should  of  course  be  glad  if  "  N.  &  Q." 
could  be  purchased  at  all  Railway  Stations,  but  have  no  means  of 
securing  it.  If  frequently  asked  for,  we  have  no  doubt  that  the 
supply  will  follow  the  demand. 

MONTROSE'S  reply  has  been  anticipated.     Thanks. 

A  QUERIST.  We  wish  our  Correspondents  would  take  the 
trouble  of  just  referring  to  our  volumes  before  forwarding 
Queries  upon  well-known  subjects.  We  have  repeatedly  answered 
similar  inquiries,  and  again  only  in  our  last  Number,  by  re- 
ferring, for  the  history  and  illustration  of  "  God  tempers  the 
wind  to  the  shorn  lamb,"  to  our  First  Volume. 

H.  MARTIN.  Mr.  Kcble's  edition  of  Hooker  is  more  carefully 
edited  than  Hanbury's. 

ABHBA.  The  reference  must  certainly  be  to  Richard  Sterne, 
Archbishop  of  York,  one  of  the  supposed  authors  of  the  Whole 
Duty  of  Man  :  see  our  Sixth  Volume,  p.  537. 

A.  P.  HAYES.  We  suspect  the  following  is  the  title  of  the  work 
required  :  —  "  Pedestrianism;  or,  an  Account  of  the  Performances 
of  celebrated  Pedestrians  during  the  last  and  present  Century  : 
with  a  full  Narrative  of  Captain  Barclay's  public  and  private 
Matches:  and  an  Essay  on  Training.  By  Walter  Thorn. 
Aberdeen,  1813.  8vo." 

NBISON  ON  RAILWAY  ACCIDENTS.  —  A  Correspondent  wishes  to 
know  where  this  pamphlet  may  be  seen,  and  whether  it  is  on  sale. 

W.  S.  For  the  etymology  of  lampoon,  see  Toad's  Johnson,  and 
Richardson's  Dictionary.  Bailey  derives  it  from  Lampons,  a 
drunken  song.  It  imports  Let  us  drink,  from  the  old  French 
laraper,  and  was  repeated  at  the  end  of  each  couplet  at  carousals. 

W.  A.  W.  (Brighton).  The  specked  appearance  is  entirely 
owing  to  your  having  the  wrong  paper  for  your  negatives.  When 
Turner's  paper  is  really  good  it  is  invaluable,  but  the  specks  so 
abundant  in  it  are  a  great  drawback. 

H.  H.  (Glasgow).  We  think  a  practical  lesson  from  some 
experienced  hand  would  put  you  right  in  all  your  little  failures. 
It  is  evident  from  your  perseverance  that  great  success  will  ulti- 
mately attend  you.  It  is  very  difficult  to  describe  all  the  minutiae 
by  correspondence. 

A  SUBSCRIBER  (Atherstone).  1.  We  think  your  failures  appear 
to  arise  from  defective  iodized  paper.  If  the  least  portion  of 
iodide  of  potash  remains,  the  browning  will  take  place  ;  or  the 
acetic  acid  may  not  be  pure  :  add  a  little  more.  2.  If  the  least 
portion  of  hypo,  contaminates  your  silver  solutions,  they  are  useless; 
to  reduce  it  to  its  metallic  slate  again  is  the  only  remedy.  3.  The 
views  taken  instantaneously  are  with  collodion.  It  may  be  ap- 
plied equally  well  upon  paper  as  glass;  and  the  advantage  of 
paper  negatives  is  very  great  over  glass. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.—  We  hope  next  week  to  lay  before  our  readers 
the  particulars  of  a  new  process,  combining  all  the  advantages  of 
the  waxed-paper,  but  without  its  difficulties  and  uncertainties. 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
price  10s.  Gd.,  cloth,  boards.  A  few  sets  of  the  whole  Eight  Vo- 
lumes are  being  made  up,  price  41.  4s  —  For  these  early  application 
is  desirable. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday.  , 


APRIL  15.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


RECENT   PUBLICATIONS 

OF   THE 

CAMBRIDGE  ANTIQUARIAN  SOCIETY. 

QUARTO  SERIES. 

Evangelia  Augustini  Gregoriana. 
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OCTAVO  SERIES. 

I.  Anglo-Saxon  Legends  of  St. 

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II.  Grseco-Egyptian    Fragment 
on  Magic.    By  C.   W.   GOODWIN,  M.A. 
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'  III.  Ancient      Cambridgeshire. 

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Reports    and    Communications, 
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J.  DEIGHTON  ;   MACMILLAN  &  CO., 

Cambridge. 

JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON,  and  GEORGE 
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At  all  the  Libraries,  2  vols.  post  8vo.,  18s., 

LIFE  OF  JEROME  CARDAN, 
of     Milan,    Physician.     By     HENRY 
MORLEY. 

"The  author  has  studied  Cardan  with  an 
eye  of  philosophical  interest  and  curiosity —  he 
has  treated  him  picturesquely,  and  at  times 
almost  playfully.  .  .  .  We  can  hardly  say 
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grapher, and  we  cannot  sufficiently  commend 
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lation." —  Athenceum. 

Also,  by  the  same  Author, 
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THE    LIFE    OF    BERNARD 

PALISSY,  of  SAINTES  ;  his  Labours  and 
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line of  his  Philosophical  Doctrines,  and  Illus- 
trative Selections  from  his  Works. 

One  vol.  8vo.,  10s.  M. 

A  VISIT  to  PORTUGAL  and 


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Street. 


CLASSICAL     MUSICAL    LI- 
BRARY.-Subscribers  are  liberally  sup- 
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T)SALMS  AND  HYMNS   FOR 

THE  SERVICE  OF   THE    CHURCH. 

The  words  selected  by  the  Very  Rev.  H.  H. 
MILMAN,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  _  The 
Music  arranged  for  Four  Voices,  but  applicable 
also  to  Two  or  One,  including  Chants  for  the 
Services,  Responses  to  the  Commandments, 
and  a  Concise  SYSTEM  OF  CHANTING,  by  J.  B. 
SALE,  Musical  Instructor  and  Organist  to 
Her  Majesty.  4to.,  neat,  in  morocco  cloth, 
price  25s.  To  be  had  of  Mr.  J.  B.  SALE,  21. 
Holywell  Street,  Millbank,  Westminster,  on 
the  receipt  of  a  Post-office  Order  for  that 
amount :  and,  by  order,  of  the  principal  Book- 
sellers and  Music  Warehouses. 

"A  great  advance  on  the  works  we  have 
hitherto  had,  connected  with  our  Church  and 
Cathedral  Service."—  Times. 

"  A  collection  of  Psalm  Tunes  certainly  un- 
equalled in  this  country." — Literary  Gazette. 

"  One  of  the  best  collections  of  tunes  which 
we  have  yet  seen.  Well  merits  the  distin- 
guished patronage  under  which  it  appears."  — 
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"  A  collection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns,  together 
with  a  system  of  Chanting  of  a  very  superior 
character  to  any  which  has  hitherto  appeared." 
—  John  Bull. 

London  :  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 
Also,  lately  published, 

J.  B.  SALE'S   SANCTUS, 

COMMANDMENTS  and  CHANTS  as  per- 
formed at  the  Chapel  Royal  St.  James,  price  2s. 

C.  LONSDALE,  26.  Old  Bond  Street. 


SURPLICES. 


ILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  Bolton, 

\JT  Lancashire,  has  prepared  his  usual  large 
Supply  of  SURPLICES,  in  Anticipation  of 
EA 


.  , 

T  Lancashire,  has  prepared  his  usual 
pply  of  SURPLICES,  in  Anticipati 
STER. 

PARCELS  delivered  FREE  at  Railway 

Stations. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street  ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 

ONE  THOUSAND  BED- 
STEADS TO  CHOOSE  FROM.  _ 
AL  &  SON'S  Stock  comprises  a  large 
Assortment  of  handsomely  Japanned  and 
Brass-mounted  IRON  BEDSTEADS,  CHIL- 
DREN'S CRIBS  and  COTS  of  new  and  ele- 
gant designs :  MAHOGANY,  BIRCH,  and 
WALNUT-TREE  BEDSTEADS,  of  the 
soundest  and  best  Manufacture,  many  of  them 
fitted  with  Furnitures,  complete  :  and  every 
variety  of  SERVANTS'  and  PORTABLE 
B  EDSTE  ADS.  They  have  also  a  large  Assort- 
ment of 

T)ED  -  ROOM      FURNITURE, 

O  comprising  WARDROBES,  both  in 
Japanned  Wood  and  Mahogany,  from  4  ft.  to 
8  ft.  long,  fitted  with  every  variety  of  arrange- 
ment ;  DRESSING  TABLES  and  GLASSES, 
WASIISTANDS,  DRAWERS,  and  every 
Article  for  the  complete  furnishing  of  a  Bed- 
room. 

HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUS- 
TRATED CATALOGUE  OF  BED- 
STEADS and  priced  List  of  Bedding,  contain- 
ing designs  and  prices  of  up_wards  of  One 
Hundred  Bedsteads  (representing  a  Stock  of 
upwards  of  One  Thousand),  sent  Free  by  Post. 

HEAL  &  SON,  196.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

'THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 

I  TOGRAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish and  Continental  Artists,  is  OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.  Free  Admission. 
£  s.  d. 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -110 

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A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)      -  -  -  -    3    3    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -          -          -          -550 

Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


QMEE'S    BINOCULAR    PER- 

kJ    SPECTIVE  PHOTOGRAPHS A  full 

account  of  the  mode  of  taking  these  extraor- 
dinary Likenesses  in  "  Smee  on  the  Eye,"  just 
published,  price  5s. 

HORNE,  THORNTHWAITE  &  WOOD, 
123.  Newgate  Street,  London. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. 

123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.- J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists. 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2cL 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  or  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  233. 


WESTERN    LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
*.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.Lethhridge,Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  8.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew.  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
"W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustees. 
W.Whateley,Esri.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician  __  William  Rich.  Bashara,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Kates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
1XHW..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits  :- 


to 


£  s.  d.  \  Age 
14    4  I 


17  .        .        -  1  14    4  |    32- 
22  -        - 
27  -        - 


-  1  18    8       37  - 

-  2    4    5  I     42  - 


£  g.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6d..  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London,. 

PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 

\.  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Sono 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785").  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIAN6FORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  .by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testim6ny  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to' produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
t"he  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,  H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 
D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.  Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 

pHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
safes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  of 
sizes  and  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool  ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


TMPERIAL    LIFE    INSU- 

J_  RANGE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 

WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Dcputi/- 
Chainnan. 


The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  500Z.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  50L  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  term  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  _  Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,000?.,  of  which  nearly 
140,OOOZ.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 
On  the  31st  October,  185%  the  sums 

Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  £2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -  800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 

same  source,  to  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

/V  ALE.  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

gUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
LASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1 .  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  Ihfi  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS  "  written  across  it. 


WH.  HART,  RECORD 
•  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  beers  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    ia 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  prey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6d. :  double  size,  4s.  6rf. ;  7s.  6d 
equal  to  4  small:  11*.  to  6  small:  2)s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beauti/ier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles.  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  l.s. ;  Boxes,  2*.  Gd.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street r 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  9.  Main. 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK, BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKIIART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street :  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


4LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 
PORTMANTEAUS,TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X..  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silyer 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
,00  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2l.,3L,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT.  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bri.le,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GROROE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.-  Saturday,  April  15. 1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 
TOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  Wben  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAFTAIV  CUTTLE. 


No.  234.] 


SATURDAY,  APRIL  22.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 

(_  Stamped  Edition,  £d. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTKS  :  -  Page 

Whitefield  and  Kennington  Common, 

by  H.  M.  Bealby  -  -  -  367 

Anachronisms,  by  Cuthbcrt  Bede,  B.A.  367 
Cephas,  a  Binder,  and  not  a  Rock,  by 

the  Rev.  Moses  Margoliouth  -  -  368 

Epitaphs,  &c.  -  -  -  -  368 
The  Rigby  Correspondence,  by  James 

F.  Ferguson  -  -  -  -  369 

The  Wandering  Bee  -  -  -  370 

MINOR  NOTES:  — Tippet  — Ridings  and 
Chaffings  —  Henry  of  Huntingdon's 
"Letter  to  Walter"  — Arthuriana  — 
Encyclopedia  of  Indexes,  or  Tables 
of  Contents  _  Errata  in  Nichols' 
"  Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genea- 

.    logica" 370 

QOEKIES  :  — 

Genesis  iv.  7.  -  -  -  -  3"! 
Roland  the  Brave  -  -  -  -  372 
Clay  Tobacco-pipes,  by  Henry  T.  Riley  372 

MtNOR  QUERIES  :—  Cabinet :  Sheffield, 
Earl  of  Mulgrave,  Marquis  of  Nor- 
manby,and  Duke  of  Buckinghamshire 
_  Bersethrigumnue  —Lady  Jane  Grey 
_  Addison  and  Watts  — Lord  Bote- 

.  loust's  Statue  by  Richard  Hayware  — 
Celtic  in  Devon  —  Knobstick  —  Ari- 
stotle —  The  Passion  of  our  Lord 
dramatised  —  Ludwell :  Lunsford  : 
Kemp  —  Linnoean  Medal  —  Lowth  of 
Sawtrey  :  Robert  Eden  —  Gentile 
Names  of  the  Jews  —  The  Black 
Prince  —  Maid  of  Orleans  _  Fawell 
Arms  and  Crest  —  "  Had  I  met  thee  in 
thy  beauty"  —  Portrait  of  D.  P.  Tre- 
mesin-—  Edition  of"  Othello"  — Pros- 
pect House.  Clerkenwell  —  Ancient 
Family  of  Widderington  — Value  of 
Money  in  the  Seventeenth  Century  -  3/3 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  : — 
Ruin  near  St.  Asaph,  North  Wales  — 
Wafers  —  Asgill  on  Translation  to 
Heaven  —  Ancient  Custom  at  Coles- 
hill  375 

REPLIES  :  — 

The  Songs  of  Degrees  -  -  -  376 
American  Poems  imputed  to  English 

Authors     -  -  -  -  -    377 

"  Feather  in  your  Cap  "     -  378 


Perspective,  by  Benjamin  Ferrey,  &c.   -    378 
Lord  Fairfax,  by  T.  Balch.  &c.    -  -    " 

"Consilium  Delectorum  Cardinalium," 


-    379 


by  Charles  Hardwick,  &c. 

PHOTOORAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  — 
Mounting  Positives  -  Mounting  of 
Photographs,  and  Difficulties  in  the 
Wax-paper  Process—The  New  Waxed- 
paper,  or  Ci'rok'ine  Process 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Origin  of 
Clubs—  Dr.  Whiehcote  and  Dorothy- 
Jordan  —  "  Paid  down  upon  the  Nail" 
—  "  Man  proposes,  but  God  disposes  "  — 
i  Catholic  Patriarchs—  Classic 
Authors  and  the  Jews—  Mawkin  — 
M  antcl-,>iece  —  Househunt  —  "  Vanita- 
tem  observare,"  &c. 


Notes  on  Books,  &c. 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted 

^  otites  to  Correspondents 


-  386 

-  387 


VOL.  IX.  — No.  234. 


Now  ready,  THE  NEW  AND  IMPROVED 
EDITION,  comprising  all  the  restored  Pas- 
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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  234. 


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WH.  HART,  RECORD 
t  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  und  Gentlemen  ensaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


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APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  22,  1854. 


WHITEFIELD    AND    KENNINGTON    COMMON. 

Your  correspondent  the  REV.  W.  SPARROW 
SIMPSON  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  295.)  has  given  some  in- 
teresting little  notes  respecting  the  past  history 
of  Kennington  Common.  Other  notes  might  be 
added,  and  which  should  not  be  overlooked  in  a 
record  of  events  connected  with  a  spot  whose  as- 
sociations and  whose  name  are  about  to  pass  away 
for  ever.  After  all,  it  is  a  righteous  act,  a  noble 
deed,  a  benevolent  mission,  that  gives  a  kind  of 
immortality  to  a  locality.  It  was  here  that  the 
ever  memorable  George  Whitefield  proclaimed  in 
an  earnest  voice,  and  with  an  earnest  look,  the 
gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  to  multitudes  of  his  fellow- 
creatures.  He  was  wonderfully  endowed  by  God 
for  his  great  work,  and  the  evidence  of  his  vast 
success  is  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  immense 
numbers  flocked  from  all  parts  to  listen  to  the 
tidings  which  he  had  to  deliver.  He  had  audiences 
on  Kennington  Common  amounting  to  ten,  twenty, 
and  thirty  thousand  people,  great  numbers  of 
whom  were  savingly  impressed  by  his  message. 
He  melted  their  hearts,  and  sent  them  away,  re- 
flecting on  the  great  problems  of  man's  history, 
and  on  the  dignity  and  destiny  of  the  human 
mind.  Take  the  following  from  his  published 
diary,  which  is  now  scarce,  and  not  much  known  : 

"Sunday,  April  29,  1731.  At  five  in  the  evening 
went  and  preached  at  Kennington  Common,  about  two 
miles  from  London,  where  upwards  of  20,000  people 
were  supposed  to  be  present.  The  wind  being  for  me, 
it  carried  the  voice  to  the  extremest  part  of  the  au- 
dience. All  stood  attentive,  and  joined  in  the  Psalm 
and  Lord's  Prayer  so  regularly,  that  I  scarce  ever 
preached  with  more  quietness  in  any  church.  Many 
were  much  affected. " 

"Sunday,  May  6,  1731.  At  six  in  the  evening 
preached  at  Kennington  ;  but  such  a  sight  I  never  saw 
before.  Some  supposed  there  were  above  30,000  or 
40,000  people,  and  near  fourscore  coaches,  besides  great 
numbers  of  horses ;  and  there  was  such  an  awful  silence 
amongst  them,  and  the  Word  of  God  came  with  such 
power,  that  all  seemed  pleasingly  surprised.  I  con- 
tinued my  discourse  for  an  hour  and  a  half." 

"  Sunday,  July  22,  1739.  Went  to  St.  Paul's  and 
received  the  blessed  Sacrament,  and  preached  in  the 
evening  at  Kennington  Common  to  about  30,000 
hearers.  God  gave  me  great  power." 

"Friday,  August  3,  1739.  Having  spent  the  day 
in  completing  my  affairs  (about  to  embark  for 
America),  and  taking  leave  of  my  dear  friends,  I 
preached  in  the  evening  to  near  20,000  at  Kennington 
Common.  I  chose  to  discourse  on  St.  Paul's  parting 
speech  to  the  elders  at  Ephesus,  at  which  the  people 
were  exceedingly  affected,  and  almost  prevented  ray 
making  any  application.  Many  tears  were  shed  when 
I  talked  of  leaving  them.  I  concluded  all  with  a  suit- 


able hymn,  but  could  scarce  get  to  the  coach  for  the 
people  thronging  me,  to  take  me  by  the  hand,  and 
give  me  a  parting  blessing." 

Let  those  who  have  a  deep  sympathy  with  the 
great  and  good,  who  have  served  their  age  with 
exalted  devotion  and  burning  zeal,  remember  that 
on  that  very  spot  which  is  now  called  Kennington 
Park,  this  extraordinary  man  lifted  up  his  powerful 
voice,  and  with  commanding  attitude,  with  the 
tenderest  affection,  with  persuasive  tones,  and 
with  thrilling  appeals,  proclaimed  the  "glorious 
gospel  of  the  blessed  God  "  to  multitudes  of  the 
human  family.  He  preached  as  in  the  light,  and 
on  the  borders  of  the  eternal  world.  It  is  such 
facts  as  these  that  will  enhance  in  mind  and  me- 
mory the  interest  of  such  a  spot.  The  philosophy 
of  Whitefield's  life  has  yet  to  be  written. 

H.  M.  BEALBT. 

North  Brixton. 


ANACHRONISMS. 

Mr.  Thackeray  makes  another  trip  in  the 
present  (April)  number  of  The  Newcornes.  Clive 
writes  a  letter  dated  "May  1,  183-,"  which  is  at 
once  answered  by  Pendennis,  who  sends  him  "  an 
extract  from  Bagham's  article  on  the  Royal  Aca- 
demy/' and  Mr.  Thackeray  makes  the  critic  ask, 
"  Why  have  we  no  picture  of  the  sovereign  and 
her  august  consort  from  Smee's  brush  ? "  To 
which  it  may  be  answered,  "  Because,  even  if  the 
'  183- '  represents  the  time  of  Victoria's  reign,  her 
Majesty  did  not  take  unto  herself  an  '  august  con- 
sort' until  Feb.  10,  1840."  It  may  also  be  ob- 
served, that  in  all  the  illustrations  to  Mr.  Thacke- 
ray's delightful  story,  Mr.  Doyle  has  clothed  the 
dramatis  persona  in  the  dresses  of  the  present 
day.  A  notable  example  of  this  occurs  at  p.  75., 
in  his  clever  sketch  of  Mrs.  Newcome's  At  Home, 
"  a  small  early  party  "  given  in  the  year  1833,  the 
date  being  determined  by  a  very  simple  act  of 
mental  arithmetic,  since  the  author  informs  us  that 
the  colonel  went  to  the  party  in  the  mufti-coat 
"  sent  him  out  by  Messrs.  Stultz  to  India  in  the 
year  1821,"  and  which  he  had  "  been  in  the  habit 
of  considering  a  splendid  coat  for  twelve  years 

st."  The  anachronism  on  Mr.  Doyle's  part  is 
probably  intentional.  Indeed,  he  only  follows  the 
example  which  Mr.  Thackeray  had  justified  in 
these  words  : 

"  It  was  the  author's  intention,  faithful  to  history,  to 
depict  all  the  characters  of  this  tale  in  their  proper 
costumes,  as  they  wore  them  at  the  commencement  of 
the  century.  But,  when  I  remember  the  appearance 
of  people  in  those  days,  and  that  an  officer  and  lady 
were  actually  habited  like  this  [here  follows  one  of 
Mr.  Thackeray's  graphic  sketches],  I  have  not  the 
heart  to  disfigure  my  heroes  and  heroines  by  costumes 
so  hideous;  and  have,  on  the  contrary,  engaged  a 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


model  of  rank  dressed  according  to  the  present  fashion." 
—  Vanity  Fair,  note  to  p.  55. 

And,  certainly,  when  one  looks  at  a  fashion- 
book  published  some  twenty  years  ago,  one  cannot 
feel  surprised  at  Mr.  Doyle,  or  any  other  man  of 
taste,  preferring  to  commit  an  anachronism,  rather 
than  depict  frights  andjnonstrosities. 

CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 


CEPHAS,    A   BINDER,    AND   NOT    A   ROCK. 

Some  of  the  multifarious  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
may  feel  interested  in  the  suggestion  of  an  ori- 
ginal solution  on  Matt.  xvi.  16-19.  I  submit  it 
(not  presumptuously,  but  hopefully),  that  its  exa- 
mination and  discussion,  by  your  learned  readers, 
may  throw  more  light  upon  my  humble  endeavour 
to  elucidate  a  passage  which  seems  to  have  been 
darkened  "  by  a  multitude  of  words." 

The  solution  I  propose  is  an  extract  from  my 
MS.  annotations  on  the  Hebrew  Old  Testament, 
and  forms  a  portion  of  a  note  on  Habakkuk  ii.  11. 
It  will  be  desirable,  for  the  readier  comprehension 
of  my  exposition,  to  give  the  original,  with  a  literal 
translation,  of  the  verse  alluded  to  : 

pyrn 


"  For  the  \_Ebhen\  stone  shall  cry  out  of  the  wall, 
And  the  [  Caphis']  fastening  shall  testify  out  of  the 
timber."* 

This  verse  has  passed  into  a  proverb  amongst 
the  Jews  in  every  part  of  the  world.  It  is  in- 
variably quoted  to  express  the  impossibility  of 
secrecy  or  concealment;  or  to  intimate  the  in- 
evitable publicity  of  a  certain  fact.  In  short,  the 
proverb  implies  the  same  meaning  which  our 
Lord's  answer  to  the  Pharisees  expressed,  viz., 
"If  these  should  hold  their  peace,  the  stones 
would  immediately  cry  out"  (Luke  xix.  40.). 
I  have  myself  heard  the  words  under  note  used 
as  a  proverb,  in  this  manner,  amongst  the  Jews 
of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa.  I  am,  moreover, 
inclined  to  believe  that  it  was  already  one  of  the 
national  proverbs  in  the  days  of  our  Lord. 

All  this  may  appear  irrelevant  to  the  critical 
exposition  of  this  verse  ;  but  the  consideration 
may  help  to  clear  up  an  apparently  obscure  pas- 
sage in  the  New  Testament,  namely,  Matt.  xvi. 
16-19.  When  Simon  made  the  declaration  in 
verse  16.,  "Thou  art  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  the 
living  God,"  he  might  have  thought  of  or  ex- 
pressed the  inspired  proverb  : 

TpD   pK  »3 
D>2D1 


u  For  the  [Ebhen~\  stone  shall  cry  out  of  the  wall, 
And  the  [  Caphis]  fastening  shall  testify  it  out  of  the 
timber." 

*   See  also  the  marginal  readings. 


Thinking,  or  expressing,  that  concealment  of  the 
Messiahship  of  Jesus  was  impracticable. 

"  And  Jesus  [to  whom  word,  thought,  and  deed 
were  alike  patent]  answered  and  said  unto  him, 
Blessed  art  thou,  Simon  Barjona  ;  for  flesh  and  blood 
hath  not  revealed  it  unto  thee,  but  my  Father  which 
is  in  heaven.  And  I  say  also  unto  thee,  That  thou  art 
Caphis  ;  and  upon  the  Ebhen  I  will  build  my  Church, 
and  the  gates  of  hell  shall  not  prevail  against  it.  And 
I  will  give  unto  thee  the  keys  of  the  kingdom  of 
heaven  :  and  whatsoever  thou  shall  bind  on  earth,  shall 
be  bound  in  heaven,"  &c. 

The  play  (if  so  common  an  expression  might  be 
used  in  so  sacred  a  theme)  is  not  on  the  word 
Peter,  but  on  the  word  D*Q3  (Caphis),  which  sig- 
nifies a  rafter,  a  cross  beam,  a  binder  ;  or,  as  the 
margin  (on  Habak.  ii.  11.)  has  it,  "a  fastener,'* 
from  the  verb  DSD  (Caphas),  to  bind,  to  connect, 
to  join. 

That  our  Lord  never  used  the  Greek  word 
ff\)  el  rierpos  all  must  admit  ;  that  Kij^as  is  not  the 
Syriac  word  for  stone  is  well  known  to  every 
Oriental  scholar.  The  proper  Syriac  word  for 
stone  is  NQfcO.  However,  there  is  a  resemblance 
between  the  respective  words,  which  may  have 
been  the  origin  of  Simon's  second  surname  —  I 
mean  to  that  of  Cephas  —  Peter. 

The  import  of  Matt.  xvi.  16-19.  seems  to  me  to- 
be  this  :  Christ  acknowledges  Simon  to  be  part 
and  parcel  of  the  house,  the  Church  ;  nay,  more,, 
He  tells  Simon  that  He  intends  him  to  be  a 
"  master-builder,"  to  join,  or  bind,  many  mem- 
bers to  that  Church,  all  of  which  would  be  owned 
of  Him.  But  the  Church  itself  must  be  built 
upon  the  Ebhen,  the  Stone;  by  which  Jesus  evi- 
dently alluded  to  Ps.  cxviii.  22.  : 


t  PUD  wrb  nrrn 

"  The  Ebhen  which  the  builders  refused 
Is  become  the  head  stone  of  the  corner." 

(Compare  Matt.  xxi.  42.) 

May  I  ask  whether  the  words  '6  fp^v^vrai 
are  to  be  considered  as  the  words  of  St.  John,  or 
of  his  transcribers  ?  The  question  may  appear 
startling  to  some,  but  my  copy  of  the  Syriac  New 
Testament  is  minus  that  sentence. 

MOSES  MARGOLIOUTH. 

Wybunbury,  Nantwich. 


EPITAPHS,   ETC. 

Epitaphs. — There  is,  or  was,  one  at  Pisa  which 
thus  concludes  : 

"  Doctor  doctorum  jacet  hac  Burgundius  urna, 
Schema  Magistrorum,  laudabilis  et  diuturnaj 
Dogma  poetarurn  cui  littera  Graeca,  Latina, 
Ars  Mediciriarum  patuit  sapientia  trina. 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


Et  nunc  Pisa,  dole,  tristeris  Thuscia  tota, 
Nullus  sub  sole  est  cui  sic  sunt  omnia  nota. 
Rursus  ab  Angelico  ccetu  super  aera  vectum 
Nuper  et  Angelico,  coelo  gaude  te  receptum. 
Ann.  Dom.  MCLXXXXHII.  HI  Calend.  Novembr." 
Nearer  home,  in  Shoreditch  churchyard  : 
"  Sacred  to   the  memory  of  Sarah   Micci,  who  de- 
parted this  life  April  7th,  1819,  aged  50  years. 
Memento  judicii  mei,  sic  enim  erit  mihi  fieri,  tibi 
hodie." 

3STot  far  from  this  is  the  following  laconic  one  : 

"  Dr.  John  Gardner's  last  and  best  bed-room,  who 
departed  this  life  the  8th  of  April,  1835,  in  his  84th 
year." 

Which  reminds  me  of  one  at  Finedon  : 

"  Here  lyeth  Richard  Dent, 
In  his  last  tenement. 
1709." 

B.  H.  C. 

Curious  Inscription  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  88.). — In  the 
first  edition  of  Imperatorum  Romanorum  Numis- 
mata  Aurea,  by  De  Bie>  Antwerp,  1615,  at  the 
foot  of  a  page  addressed  "  Ad  Lectorem,"  and 
marked  c.  ii.,  are  the  following  verses,  which  may 
be  noted  as  forming  a  pendant  to  those  referred 
to: 

ri  R  S  D  D 

"Sc   ptorum      erum    ummorum      espice      icta 
ul  V          N  R  P 

st    Qu          R        I  NIT 

I   a       idem      isu     aciemus     am      nde     acebunt." 
11      F         V       F  I       V        PI 

Signed    "  C.  HJETTRON." 

W.  H.  SCOTT. 
Edinburgh. 

Epitaph  in  Lavenham  Church,  Norfolk. — 

"  Continuall  prayse  these  lynes  in  brass 
Of  Allaine  Dister  here, 
Clothier  vertuous  whyle  he  was 
In  Lavenham  many  a  yeare  ; 
For  as  in  lyfe  he  loved  best 
The  poore  to  clothe  and  feede, 
Soe  with  the  riche  and  alle  the  reste, 
He  neighbourlie  agreed  ; 
And  did  appoint  before  he  died, 
A  smalle  yearlie  rent, 
"Which  would  be  every  Whitsuntide 
Among  the  poorest  spent." 

I  send  you  this  copy  from  a  nibbing  of  a  quaint 
epitaph,  made  in  the  beautiful  old  church  of 
Lavenham  many  years  since,  with  a  view  to  put- 
ting a  Query  as  to  its  construction.  The  first 
two  lines,  as  I  read  them,  want  a  verb,  unless  we 
read  the  conclusion  of  the  first  line  as  a  verb,  to 
in-brasse  (i.  e.  to  record  in  brass).  Can  any  of 
your  readers  give  me  an  authority,  from  an  old 
author,  for  the  use  of  this  or  any  similar  verb  ? 


To  iii-grain  seems  somewhat  like  it,  but  is  modern. 
If  no  authority  for  such  a  verb  can  be  given,  I 
should  be  glad  to  have  the  construction  of  the 
lines  explained.  A.  B.  R. 

Belmont. 


THE    RIGBY    CORRESPONDENCE. 

[In  «N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vii.,  pp.  203.  264.  349., 
mention  is  made  of  this  correspondence.  The  letters, 
of  which  the  following  are  copies,  were  sold  as  waste 
paper,  and  are  in  my  possession.  They  appear  to  have 
been  written  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  Richard  Rigby,  Master 
of  the  Rolls  in  Ireland,  and  relate  to  the  appointment 
of  an  Examiner  in  the  Chancery  in  the  year  1783. 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON.] 

Dublin. 

St.  James's  Place, 
24th  May,  1783. 
My  dear  Lord, 

I  return  you  many  thanks  for  your  two  letters 
of  ye  10th  and  llth  inst.,  and  for  the  trouble  you 
are  so  obliging  as  to  take  on  ye  business  of  the 
Examiner's  Office.  I  have  found  a  copy  of  an 
appointment  of  an  Examiner  transmitted  to  me  by 
Lodge  in  the  year  1762,  and  I  send  you  Mr.  Me- 
redith's appointment  upon  the  stamp'd  paper  you 
inclosed  to  me.  If  that  appointment  will  not 
answer,  or  if  the  stamp  is  not  a  proper  one,  as  you 
seem  to  hint  may  be  the  case,  I  must  desire  you  to 
tell  Mr.  Perry  to  make  out  a  proper  appointment 
and  send  it  over  ready  for  my  signature.  I  shou'd 
hope  the  one  I  send  herewith  will  answer,  that  you 
may  have  no  further  trouble.  I  perceive  five 
hundred  pounds  English  was  ye  sum  I  receiv'd  in 
1762  ;  and  I  imagine  that  is  the  sum  Mr.  Mere- 
dith proposes  to  give  now,  and  to  which  I  give 
my  consent. 

I  thank  you  for  inquiring  after  my  health ;  my 
fits  of  the  gout  are  not  very  violent,  but  I  am 
very  glad  you  never  have  any  of  them.  Pray 
make  my  best  compts  to  Scott,  and  tell  him  that  I 
din'd  yesterday  at  Streatham  with  Macnamara, 
who  is  getting  better,  notwithstanding  the  weather 
here  is  as  cold  as  at  Christmas. 

I  am,  my  dear  Lord,  with  all  possible  regard, 
your  most  sincere  friend  and  oblig'd  humble 
servant, 

RICHARD  RIGBT. 

Your  stamp'd  paper  was  not  large  enough,  but 
my  servant  found  a  stamp'd  paper  at  Lincoln's 
Inn. 

St.  James's  Place, 
9th  June,  1783. 
My  dear  Lord, 

Ten  thousand  thanks  for  all  the  trouble  you  are 
so  kind  (as)  to  take  in  my  affairs  ;  this  day  I  re- 
ceiv'd yours  of  the  31st  May,  with  the  bill  in- 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  234. 


closed  for  498?.  2s.  5d.  If  the  instrument  I  sent 
over  should  not  be  satisfactory,  I  will  sign  any 
new  deed  which  shall  be  sent  me  for  the  purpose. 

I  have  not  much  acquaintance  wth  Lord  Nor- 
thington  ;  but  seeing  him  at  St.  James's  the  day 
he  took  leave  of  the  King,  I  wish'd  him  success 
in  his  new  government,  and  took  the  liberty  to 
mention  your  name  to  him  as  ye  person  in  the 
whole  kingdom  whose  advice  would  be  most  be- 
neficial to  him.  I  told  him  I  asked  no  favour  of 
him  but  one,  which  was  to  recollect  what  I  then 
said  to  him  if  he  should  have  occasion  to  call  upon 
you  for  advice  and  assistance  hereafter,  when  he 
would  find  it  for  his  great  satisfaction  to  be  well 
founded. 

I  am,  my  dear  Lord,  your  most  obliged  and 
faithful  humble  servant, 

RICHARD  RIGBY. 

To  the  Rt.  Honorable  Lord  Ch. 
Justice  Paterson,  at  Dublin. 

Free,  R.  Rigby. 


THE   WANDERING   BEE. 

"  High  mountains  closed  the  vale, 
Bare,  rocky  mountains,  to  all  living  things 
Inhospitable ;  on  whose  sides  no  herb 
Rooted,  no  insect  fed,  no  bird  awoke 
Their  echoes,  save  the  eagle,  strong  of  wing ; 

A  lonely  plunderer,  that  afar 

Sought  in  the  vales  his  prey. 

"  Thither  towards  those  mountains  Thalaba 
Advanced,  for  well  he  ween'd  that  there  had  Fate 
Destined  the  adventure's  end. 
Up  a  wide  vale,  winding  amid  their  depths, 
A  stony  vale  between  receding  heights 
Of  stone,  he  wound  his  way. 
A  cheerless  place  !      The  solitary  Bee, 
Whose  buzzing  was  the  only  sound  of  life, 
Flew  there  on  restless  wing, 
Seeking  in  vain  one  blossom,  where  to  fix." 

Thalaba,  book  vi.  12,  13. 

This  incident  of  the  wandering  bee,  highly 
poetical,  seems  at  first  sight  very  improbable,  and 
passes  for  one  of  the  many  strange  creations  of 
this  wild  poem.  But  yet  it  is  quite  true  to 
nature,  and  was  probably  suggested  to  Southey, 
an  omnivorous  reader,  by  some  out-of-the-way 
.book  of  travels. 

In  Hurton's  Voyage  to  Lapland,  vol.  ii.  p.  251., 
published  a  few  years  since,  he  says  that  as  he 
stood  on  the  verge  of  the  North  Cape,  — 

"  The  only  living  creature  that  came  near  me  was  a 
lee,  which  hummed  merrily  by.  What  did  the  busy 
insect  seek  there  ?  Not  a  blade  of  grass  grew,  and  the 
only  vegetable  matter  on  this  point  was  a  cluster  of 
withered  moss  at  the  very  edge  of  the  awful  precipice, 


and  it  I  gathered  at  considerable  risk  as  a  memorial  of 
my  visit." 

So  in  Fremont's  Exploring  Expedition  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  1842,  p.  69.,  he  speaks  of  stand- 
ing on  the  crest  of  the  snow  peak,  13,570  feet 
above  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  adds  : 

"  During  our  morning's  ascent,  we  had  met  no  sign 
of  animal  life,  except  the  small  sparrow-like  bird 
already  mentioned.  A  stillness  the  most  profound,  and 
a  terrible  solitude,  forced  themselves  constantly  on  the 
mind  as  the  great  features  of  the  place.  Here  on  the 
summit,  where  the  stillness  was  absolute,  unbroken  by 
any  sound,  and  the  solitude  complete,  we  thought  our- 
selves beyond  the  region  of  animated  life  :  but  while 
we  were  sitting  on  the  rock,  a  solitary  bee  (  Bromus,  the 
humble  bee)  came  winging  his  flight  from  the  eastern 
valley,  and  lit  on  the  knee  of  one  of  the  men. 

"  It  was  a  strange  place,  the  icy  rock  and  the  highest 
peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  for  a  lover  of  warm 
sunshine  and  flowers ;  and  we  pleased  ourselves  with 
the  idea  that  he  was  the  first  of  his  species  to  cross  the 
mountain  barrier,  a  solitary  pioneer  to  foretell  the  ad- 
vance of  civilisation.  I  believe  that  a  moment's  thought 
would  have  made  us  let  him  continue  his  way  unharmed, 
but  we  carried  out  the  law  of  this  country,  where  all 
animated  nature  seems  at  war;  and  seizing  him  imme- 
diately, put  him  in  at  least  a  fit  place,  in  the  leaves  of 
a  large  book,  among  the  flowers  we  had  collected  on 
our  way."  t 

A.B. 

Philadelphia. 


Tippet.  —  The  origin  of  words  signifying  ar- 
ticles of  dress  would  be  a  curious  subject  for  in- 
vestigation. Tippet  is  derived  by  Barclay  from 
the  Saxon  tcsppet;  but  I  find  the  following  pas- 
sage in  Captain  Erskine's  Journal  of  his  recent 
Cruise  in  the  Western  Pacific,  p.  36.  He  is 
writing  of  the  dress  of  the  women  at  the  village  of 
Feleasan,  in  the  Samoan  Islands  : 

"  And  occasionally  a  garment  (tipvta)  resembling  a 
small  poncho,  with  a  slit  for  the  head,  hanging  so  as 
decently  to  conceal  the  bosom." 

May  we  not  trace  here  both  the  article  and  the 
name?  W.  T.  M. 

Hidings  and  Chaffings.  —  A  singular  custom 
prevails  in  South  Nottinghamshire  and  North 
Leicestershire.  When  a  husband,  forgetting  his 
solemn  vow  to  love,  honour,  and  keep  his  wife 
has  had  recourse  to  physical  force  and  beaten  herr 
the  rustics  get  up  what  is  called  "  a  riding." 
cart  is  drawn  through  the  village,  having  in  it  two 
persons  dressed  so  as  to  resemble  the  woman  and 
her  master.  A  dialogue,  representing  the  quarrel, 
is  carried  on,  and  a  supposed  representation  of 
the  beating  is  inflicted.  This  performance  is 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


371 


always  specially  enacted  before  the  offender's 
door. 

Another,  and  perhaps  less  objectionable,  mode 
of  shaming  men  out  of  a  brutal  and  an  unmanly 
practice,  is  to  empty  a  sack  of  chaff  at  the 
offender's  door,  —  an  intimation,  I  suppose,  that 
thrashing  has  been  "  done  within."  Perhaps  this 
latter  custom  gave  rise  to  the  term  "chaffing." 
Thirty  years  ago  both  these  customs  were  very 
common  in  this  locality ;  but,  either  from  an  im- 
proved tone  of  morality,  or  from  the  comparative 
rarity  of  the  offence  that  led  to  them,  both  ridings 
and  chaffings  are  now  of  very  rare  occurrence. 

Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  whether 
these  customs  have  prevailed,  or  still  prevail,  in 
other  counties  ?  THOMAS  R.  POTTER. 

Wymeswold,  Leicestershire. 

Henry  of  Huntingdon's  "  Letter  to  Walter."  •— 
Mr.  Forester  (Bonn's  Antiquarian  Library}  de- 
cides, in  opposition  to  Wharton  and  Hardy,  that 
this  epistle  was  written  in  1135,  during  the  life- 
time of  Henry  I.,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
the  passage  he  quotes  bears  him  out  in  this ;  but 
it  is  not  less  certain  that,  whether  owing  to  the 
death  of  the  friend  to  whom  the  letter  was  ad- 
dressed, or  from  a  wholesome  fear  of  the  resent- 
ment of  that  king  who  is  so  roughly  handled  in  it, 
the  publication  was  deferred  long  enough  for  the 
author  to  reinforce  by  a  few  "  modern  instances  " 
of  more  recent  date,  the  "  wise  saws  "  which  are 
so  plentifully  diffused  through  it :  for  instance,  at 
p.  313.  he  mentions  the  death  of  Louis  VI.  of 
France,  which  occurred  1st  August,  1137,  twenty 
months  after  the  death  of  Henry.  And  it  is  pro- 
bable that  a  closer  search  than  I  have  the  means 
of  making,  would  reveal  other  instances  of  a  like 
nature,  though  this  is  sufficient  by  itself. 

After  all,  is  it  not  possible  that  the  worthy 
archdeacon  (like  Bolingbroke  at  a  future  day) 
may  have  antedated  his  letter  to  give  himself  an 
air  of  boldness  and  independence  beyond  what  he 
really  possessed?  This  would  account  not  only 
for  the  references  to  later  occurrences,  but  for  the 
accurate  fulfilment  of  the  prophecy  which  he 
quotes  about  the  duration  of  the  reign  of  Henry  I. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Arthuriana.  —  L\st  of  places  designated  with 
traditional  reference  to  King  Arthur.  (To  be 
continued.) 

In  Cornwall : 

King  Arthur's  Castle.      Nutagel. 

King  Arthur's  Hall.     An  oblong  inclosure  on  the 

moors,  near  Camelford. 

King  Arthur's  bed.      A  slab  of  granite  with  pack- 
shaped  piece  for  bolster,  on  Trewortha  tor. 

S.  R.  PATTISON. 

Encyclopedia  of  Indexes,  or  Tables  of  Contents. 
—  I  should  like  your  opinion,  and  that  of  the 


readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  as  to  the  desirableness  and 
practicability  of  forming  a  collection  of  the  indexes 
of  those  books  most  commonly  required  to  be  re- 
ferred to  by  authors  and  scholars.  In  reading  up 
on  any  subject,  when  it  is  wished  to  know  whether 
any  author  treats  upon  it,  mainly  or  incidentally, 
his  works  must  be  examined  at  a  great  expense 
of  time  and  labour.  Perhaps  some  of  your  learned 
readers  will  express  their  views  as  to  the  value  of 
such  a  thesaurus,  and  give  suggestions  as  to  the 
principles  which  ought  to  regulate  its  execution. 
THINKS  I  TO  MYSELF. 

Errata  in  Nichols1  "  Collectanea  Topographica 
et  Genealogical  —  Works  of  this  kind,  unless 
strictly  accurate,  cause  great  perplexity  and  con- 
fusion, and  are  indeed  of  little  use.  I  therefore 
wish  to  note  in  your  pages  that  at  vol.  viii.  p.  38. 
of  the  above  work  it  is  stated  that  Babington 
"  married  Juliana,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Rowe, 
Alderman  of  London.""  Harl  MSS.  1174.  p.  89., 
1551.  p.  28.,  1096.  p.  71.,  inform  us  that  Julian 
Rowe,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Rowe,  who  was 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1592,  married  Francis 
Babington.  Sir  William  and  Sir  Thomas  were 
first  cousins.  In  the  same  page  Sir  Thomas  Rowe 
is  stated  to  have  died  in  1612  ;  on  his  tomb  we 
are  told  that  he  died  in  1570.  TEE  BEE. 


GENESIS  IV.  7. 

Can  any  of  your  learned  Hebraists  elucidate  the 
passage  in  Gen.  iv.  7.,  which  called  forth  the  fol- 
lowing remarks  from  Bishop  Sandford  ? 

"  As  yet  I  cannot  abandon  the  literal  interpretation 
of  the  words  )O"I  fiStO/l  HflS?,  and  I  am  much  sur- 
prised that,  in  all  the  criticism  bestowed  on  this  verse 
by  Davison  and  the  authors  whom  he  quotes,  nothing 
is  said  of  the  word  HriE).  I  do  not  know  of  any  place 
in  Holy  Scripture  where  this  word  is  used  figuratively, 
and  unless  this  can  be  shown,  there  is  no  supporting 
so  strong  a  metaphor  as  the  advocates  of  the  figurative 
meaning  of  the  passage  contend  for.  Davison  takes 

no  notice  of  the  remainder  of  the  verse Now 

the  words  are  remarkable ;  they  are  the  same  as  those 
in  which  the  Lord  declares  the  subjection  of  Eve  to 
her  husband,  Gen.  iii.  16.  I  have  always  thought  this 
passage  (Gen.  iv.  7.)  to  allude  to  Abel;  and  to  pro- 
mise to  Cain  the  continuance  of  the  priority  of  primo- 
geniture, if  he  were  reconciled  to  God." — Remains  of 
Bishop  Sandford,  vol.  i.  p.  135. 

With  respect  to  the  word  nnQ,  the  literal  inter- 
pretation of  which  is  a  door,  entrance,  or  gate, 
Archbishop  Magee  renders  the  passage  thus :  "A 
sin-offering  lieth  before  or  at  the  door,"  the  word 
Y^  implying  to  crouch  or  lie  down  as  an  animal ; 
thereby  alluding  to  the  sacrifice  which  was  ap- 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


pointed  for  the  remission  of  sins,  and  was  typical 
of  the  great  sacrifice  of  the  Lamb  of  God,  who 
was  to  be  slain  for  the  sin  of  the  world.  The 
whole  verse  would  thus  stand,  according  to  Arch- 
bishop Magee's  interpretation : 

"  If  thou  doest  well,  shalt  thou  not  have  the  excel- 
lency or  pre-eminence?  and  if  thou  doest  not  well,  a 
sin-offering  lieth  before  the  door  \_i.  e,  is  prepared,  or 
at  hand,  for  thee]  ;  and  unto  thee  shall  be  his  subjec- 
tion, and  thou  shalt  rule  over  him  [i.  e.  over  Abel]." 

Luther's  translation  is  at  variance  with  this  : 

"  Wenn  du  fromm  bist,  so  bist  du  angenehm ;  bist 
du  aber  nicht  fromm,  so  ruhet  die  Siinde  vor  der  Thiir. 
Aber  lass  du  ihr  nicht  ihren  Willen,  sondern  herrsche 
iiber  sie." 

In  the  margin  of  Luther's  Bible  is  a  reference 
in  this  verse  to  Kom.  vi.  12.,  plainly  showing  that 
he  considered  it  as  an  admonition  to  Cain  to  strug- 
gle against  sin,  lest  it  should  gain  the  dominion 
over  him. 

Bishop  Sandford  farther  observes : 

"  I  think  that  neither  Davison  nor  the  other  com- 
mentators have  completely  examined  Gen.  iv.  7.  in  all 
its  expressions  and  bearings.  I  am  surprised  at  Ma- 
gee's  omitting  the  argument  from  St.  Paul's  declar- 
ation, that  by  his  ir\eiwv6u<ria  Abel  obtained  witness 

that  he  was  righteous I  must  repeat  my  wish 

to  have  the  word  HOD  well  examined." 

A.  B.  C. 

P.  S. — Dr.  Glocester  Ridley  (quoted  by  Bishop 
Van  Mildert,  in  the  notes  to  his  Boyle  Lectures) 
takes  the  view  afterwards  adopted  by  Archbishop 
Magee,  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  passage.  (See 
The  Christian  Passover,  in  four  sermons  on  the 
Lord's  Supper,  by  Glocester  Ridley,  1742,  p.  14.) 


ROLAND    THE    BRAVE. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  and  correspondents, 
versed  in  "  legendary  lore,"  reconcile  the  two 
different  tales  of  which  "  Roland  the  Brave  "  is 
the  hero?  The  one  related  in  Mrs.  Hemans's 
beautiful  ballad  describes  him  as  reported  dead, 
and  that  his  fair  one  too  rashly  took  the  veil  in 
"  Nonnenwerder's  cloister  pale,"  just  before  his 
return.  The  story  proceeds  to  tell  how  in  grief 
her  lover  sought  the  battle-field,  and  finally  fell, 
with  other  brave  companions,  at  Roncesvalles. 

I  have  been  surprised,  when  perusing  Dr. 
Forbes's  highly  amusing  narrative  of  his  holiday 
in  Switzerland  (pp.  28-9.),  to  find  that  he  iden- 
tifies Roland  with  the  hero  of  Schiller's  beautiful 
ballad,  who  rejoiced  in  the  unromantic  appellation 
of  Ritter  Toggeriburg.  That  unhappy  lover,  ac- 
cording to  the  poet,  being  rejected  by  his  fair  one, 
who  could  only  bestow  on  him  a  sister's  affection, 
sought  the  Holy  Land  in  despair,  and  tried  to 
forget  his  grief;  but  returning  again  to  breathe 


the  same  air  with  his  beloved,  and  finding  her  al- 
ready a  professed  nun,  built  himself  a  hut,  whence 
he  could  see  her  at  her  convent  window.  Here 
he  watched  day  by  day,  as  the  poet  beautifully 
says ;  and  here  he  was  found,  dead,  "  still  in  the 
attitude  of  the  watcher." 

"  Blickte  nach  dem  Kloster  driiben, 

Blickte  Stunden  lang 
Nach  dem  Fenster  seiner  Lieben 

Bis  das  Fenster  klang, 
Bis  die  Liebliche  sich  zeigte, 

Bis  das  theure  Bild 
Sich  in  's  Thai  herunter  neigte 

Ruhig,  engelmild. 

41  Und  so  sass  er  viele  Tage 

Sass  viel'  Jahre  lang, 
Harrend  ohne  Schmerz  und  Klage 

Bis  das  Fenster  klang, 
Bis  die  Liebliche  sich  zeigte,  &c.  &c. 

"  Unde  so  sass  er,  eine  Leiche 

Eines  Morgens  da, 
Nach  dem  Fenster  noch  das  bleiche 
Stille  Antlitz  sah." 

Was  this  Ritter  Toggenburg,  the  hero  of  Schil- 
ler's ballad,  the  nephew  of  Charlemagne,  Roland, 
who  fell  at  Roncesvalles  ?  Is  not  Dr.  Forbes  in 
error  in  ascribing  the  Ritter's  fate  to  Roland? 
Are  they  not  two  distinct  persons  ?  Or  is  Mrs. 
Hemans  wrong  in  her  version  of  the  story  ?  I 
only  quote  from  memory  : 

"  Roland  the  Brave,  the  brave  Roland  ! 
False  tidings  reach'd  the  Rhenish  strand 
That  he  had  fall'n  in  fight ! 
And  thy  faithful  bosom  swoon'd  with  pain, 
Thou  fairest  maid  of  Allemain. 
Why  so  rash  has  she  ta'en  the  veil 
In  yon  Nonnenwerder's  cloister  pale  ? 
For  the  fatal  vow  was  hardly  spoken, 
And  the  fatal  mantel  o'er  her  flung, 
When  the  Drachenfels'  echoes  rung  — 
'Twas  her  own  dear  warrior's  horn  ! 

She  died ;  he  sought  the  battle  plain, 
And  loud  was  Gallia's  wail, 
When  Roland,  the  flower  of  chivalry, 
Fell  at  Roncesvalles !" 

I  shall  be  'glad  to  have  a  clear  idea  of  the  true 
Roland  and  his  story.  X.  Y.  Z. 


CLAY   TOBACCO-PIPES. 

An  amusing  treatise  might  be  written  on 
the  variations  in  shape  of  the  common  tobacco- 
pipe  since  its  first  introduction  into  the  country. 
Hundreds  of  specimens  of  old  pipe-heads  might 
soon  be  procured,  and  especially  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  London,  where  the  same  ground 
has  been  tilled  for  gardening  purposes  perhaps 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


373 


some  hundreds  of  years,  and  has  received  fresh 
supplies  year  after  year  from  the  ash-bin  and 
dust-heap.  I  have  about  a  dozen  in  my  pos- 
session, which  probably  belong  to  various  periods 
from  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  to  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century.  The  dearness  of 
tobacco  in  the  early  times  of  Its  use  is  evinced 
by  the  smallness  of  the  bowls,  for  many  of  them 
would  hold  at  most  not  half  a  thimbleful  of  to- 
bacco ;  while  the  shank,  where  it  joins  the  bowl, 
is  nearly  double  the  thickness  of  that  in  use  at 
the  present  day.  If  I  recollect  aright,  the  pipe  as 
represented  in  Hogarth  seems  but  little  larger  in 
the  bowl  than  that  in  use  a  century  before  ;  the 
shape  being  in  both  the  same,  very  much  like  that 
of  a  barrel.  The  sides  of  the  bowl  seem  formerly 
to  have  been  made  of  double  or  treble  the  thick- 
ness of  those  now  in  use.  This  will  account  for 
the  good  preservation  in  which  they  may  be  found 
after  having  been  in  the  ground  one  or  two  cen- 
turies. The  clay  tobacco-pipe  probably  attained 
its  present  size  and  slimness,  and  (very  nearly)  its 
present  shape,  about  the  beginning  of  this  cen- 
tury. I  am  well  aware  that,  by  many,  all  this  will 
be  esteemed  as  "  in  tenui  labor,"  but,  for  my  part, 
I  look  upon  no  reminiscences  of  the  past,  however 
humble,  as  deserving  to  be  slighted  or  consigned  to 
oblivion.  Even  the  humble  tobacco-pipe  may  be 
made  the  vehicle  of  some  interesting  information. 
Will  any  of  your  correspondents  favour  your 
other  readers  with  some  farther  information  on 
this  subject  ?  HENRY  T.  RILEY. 


Cabinet :  Sheffield,  Earl  of  Mulgrave,  Marquis 
of  Normanby,  and  Duke  of  Buckinghamshire.  — 
Can  any  reader  refer  me  to  a  letter  of  the  Duke 
of  Buckinghamshire's  which  I  have  read  (but  I 
entirely  forget  where),  written  during  the  reign 
of  William  III.,  and  complaining  of  his  exclusion 
from  the  Cabinet?  He  was  either  Lord  Nor- 
manby or  Lord  Mulgrave  when  the  letter  was 
written.  C.  H. 

Bersethrigumnue. — In  the  Escheats,  23  Hen.  III. 
No.  20.,  quoted  by  Nichols  in  his  History  of  Lei- 
cestershire  (vol.  iii.  parti.,  under  "Cotes  "),  occurs 
this  unusual  word.  Gilbert  de  Segrave  held  the 
manor  of  Cotes  in  socage  of  the  king  "  by  paying 
yearly  one  bersethrigumnue"  Will  any  reader  of 
I".  &  Q."  favour  me  with  its  etymology  or 
meaning  ?  I  imagine  it  to  have  been  a  clerical 
error  for  brachetum  cum  ligamine,  a  service  by 
which  one  of  the  earlier  lords  of  Cotes  held  these 
THOMAS  RUSSELL  POTTER. 

Lady  Jane  Grey.  —  Neither  Nichols  in  his  His- 
tory of  Leicestershire,  nor  his  equally  eminent 
grandson  in  his  interesting  Chronicle  of  Queen 


Ja?ie,  nor,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  any  other  author, 
mentions  the  place  where  the  Lady  Jane  was 
buried.  The  general  belief  is,  I  think,  that  her 
body  was  interred  with  that  of  her  husband  in  the 
Tower.  But  a  tradition  has  just  been  communi- 
cated to  me  by  the  Rev.  Andrew  Bloxam,  that 
the  body  was  privately  brought  from  London  by 
a  servant  of  the  family,  and  deposited  in  the 
chapel  at  Bradgate.  What  is  the  fact  ? 

THOMAS  RUSSELL  POTTER. 

Addison  and  Watts.  —  Can  any  of  your  nu- 
merous readers  inform  me  whether  the  hymn 
"  When  rising  from  the  bed  of  death,"  so  generally 
ascribed  to  Addison,  and  taken  from  the  chapter 
on  death  and  judgment  in  his  Evidences  of  the 
Christian  Religion,  is  his  own  composition,  or  that 
of  the  "excellent  man  in  holy  orders;"  and 
whether  this  is  Dr.  Isaac  Watts  *  S.  M. 

Lord  Botelousfs  Statue  by  Richard  Hayware.  — 
The  statue  erected  to  Lord  Boteloust  by  the 
"  Colony  and  Dominion  of  Virginia"  was  "made 
in  London,  1773,  by  Richard  Hayware."  I  should 
be  obliged  for  information  as  to  Mr.  Hayware. 

T.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 

Celtic  in  Devon. — When  was  the  Celtic  lan- 
guage obsolete  in  the  South  Hams  of  Devon  ? 

G.  R.  L. 

Knobstick.  —  In  these  days  of  strikes,  turn-outs, 
and  lock-outs,  we  hear  so  much  of  "  knobsticks," 
that  I  should  like  to  know  why  this  term  has  come 
to  be  applied  to  those  who  work  for  less  than 
the  wages  recognised,  or  under  other  conditions 
deemed  objectionable  by  trades  unions. 

PRESTONIENSIS. 

Aristotle.  —  Where  does  Aristotle  say  that  a 
judge  is  a  living  law,  as  the  Law  itself  is  a  dumb 
judge?  H.P. 

The  Passion  of  our  Lord  dramatised.  —  Busby, 
in  his  History  of  Music,  vol.  i.  p.  249.,  says  : 

"  It  has  been  very  generally  supposed,  that  the 
manner  of  reciting  and  singing  in  the  theatres  formed 
the  original  model  of  the  church  service ;  an  idea 
sanctioned  by  the  fact,  that  the  Passion  of  our  Saviour 
was  dramatised  by  the  early  priests." 

What  authority  is  there  for  this  statement  ? 

H.P. 

Ludwell:  Lunsford:  Kemp.  —  Inscription  on  a 
tombstone  in  the  graveyard  of  the  old  church  at 
Williamsburgh : 

"  Under  this  marble  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Lud- 
well, Esq.,  Secretary  of  Virginia,  who  was  born  at 
Burton,  in  the  county  of  Somerset,  in  the  kingdom  of 
England,  and  departed  this  life  in  the  year  1698  :  and 
near  this  place  lie  the  bodies  of  Richard  Kemp,  Esq., 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Xo.  234. 


his  predecessor  in  the  secretary's  office,  and  Sir  Thomas 
Lunsford,  Knr.,  in  memory  of  whom  this  marble  is 
here  placed  by  Philip  Ludwell,  Esq.,  son  of  the  said 
Thomas  Ludwell,  Esq.,  in  the  year  1727." 

Information  is  respectfully  asked  as  to  the 
persons  and  families  mentioned  in  the  foregoing 
inscription.  Sir  Thomas  Lunsford  is  said  to  have 
come  from  Surrey,  and  to  have  served  during  the 
civil  wars.  THOMAS  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 

Linnaan  Medal.  —  Has  any  reader  of  "  N.  & 
Q."  in  his  possession  a  Linnaean  medal  ?  I  mean 
the  one  by  the  celebrated  Liungberger,  ordered 
by  Gustavus  III.  in  1778.  It  is  of  great  beauty, 
and  now  very  scarce  :  the  following  is  a  brief  de- 
scription. 

It  is  of  silver,  two  inches  diameter.  Obverse,  a 
portrait  of  the  naturalist,  very  faithful  and  boldly 
executed,  yet  with  the  utmost  delicacy  of  finish. 
The  face  is  full  of  thought  and  feeling,  and  the 
whole  expression  so  spiritual,  that  this  medallion 
has  a  strange  charm  ;  you  keep  looking  at  it  again 
and  again.  The  inscription  is, 

"  Car.  Linnaeus,  Arch.  Reg.  Equ.  Auratus." 

On  the  reverse  is  Cybele,  surrounded  by  animals 
and  plants,  holding  a  key  and  weeping.  In- 
scription, — 

"  Deam  luctus  angit  amissi." 

"  Post  Obitum  Upsaliae,  D.  X.  Jan.  MDCCLXXVIII. 
Rege  Jubente." 

In  the  background  is  a  bear,  on  whose  back  an 
ape  has  jumped ;  but  the  bear  lies  quietly,  as  if  he 
disdained  the  annoyance. 

This  was  probably  in  reference  to  what  he  said 
in  the  preface  to  his  Sy sterna  Nature :  "  I  have 
borne  the  derision  of  apes  in  silence,"  &c.  Ad- 
joining this  are  plants,  and  we  recognise  his  own 
favourite  flower,  the  Liwnea  borealis. 

E.  F.  WOODMAN. 

Lowth  of  Sawtrey  :  Robert  Eden.  —  In  the  To- 
pographer and  Genealogist,  vol.  ii.  p.  495.,  I  find 
mention  made  of  a  monument  at  Cretingham  in 
Suffolk,  to  Margaret,  wife  of  Richard  Cornwallis, 
and  daughter  of  Lowth  of  Sawtrey,  co.  Hunts,  wfco 
died  in  1603.  The  arms  are  stated  to  be  —  "  Corn- 
wallis and  quarterings  impaling  Lowth  and  quar- 
terings,  Stearing,  Dade,  Bacon,  Rutter,"  &c. 
Will  some  of  your  correspondents  give  me  a  fuller 
account  of  these  quarterings,  and  of  the  pedigree 
of  Lowth  of  Sawtrey,  or  especially  of  that  branch 
of  it  from  which  descended  Robert  Lowth,  Bishop 
successively  of  St.  David's,  Oxford,  and  London, 
who  was  born  in  1710,  and  died  in  1787  ? 

I  should  also  be  much  obliged  if  any  of  your 
readers  would  give  me  any  information  as  to  who 
were  the  parents,  and  what  the  pedigree,  of  the 
Eev.  Robert  Eden,  Prebendary  of  Winchester,  who 


married  Mary,  sister  of  Bishop  Lowtli  :  was  he 
connected  with  the  Auckland  family,  or  with  the 
Suffolk  family  of  Eden,  lately  mentioned  in 
"  N.  &  Q.  ?  "  The  arms  he  bore  were  the  same  as 
those  of  the  former  family  —  Gules,  on  a  chevron 
between  three  garbs  or,  banded  vert,  as  many 
escallops  sable.  R.  E.  C. 

Gentile  Names  of  the  Jews.  —  The  Query  in 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  563.,  as  to  the  Gentile  names  of  the 
Jews,  leads  me  to  inquire  why  it  is  that  the  Jews 
are  so  fond  of  names  derived  from  the  animal 
creation.  Lyon  or  Lyons  has  probably  some  al- 
lusion to  the  lion  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  Hart  to 
the  hind  of  Naphtali,  and  Wolf  to  Benjamin  ;  but 
the  German  Jewish  names  of  Adler,  an  eagle,  and 
Finke,  a  finch,  cannot  be  so  accounted  for.  The 
German  Hirsch  is  evidently  the  same  name  as  the 
English  Hart,  and  the  Portuguese  names  Lopez 
and  Aguilar  are  Lupus  and  Aquila,  slightly  dis- 

fuised.     Is  the  origin  of  Mark,  a  very  common 
ewish  name,  to  be  sought  in  the  Celtic  merch,  a 
horse  ?  HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 

The  Black  Prince.— In  Sir  S.  R.  Meyrick's 
Inquiry  into  Ancient  Armour,  vol.  ii.  p.  18.,  he 
quotes  Froissart  as  observing,  after  his  account  of 
the  battle  of  Poictiers,  "  Thus  did  Edward  the 
Black  Prince,  now  doubly  dyed  black  by  the 
terror  of  his  arms.**  I  have  sought  in  vain  for 
this  passage,  or  anything  resembling  it,  in  Johnes's 
translation,  nor  can  I  find  anywhere  this  appel- 
lation as  applied  by  Froissart  to  his  favourite 
hero.  Can  the  passage  be  an  interpolation  of 
Lord  Berners  ?  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Maid  of  Orleans.  —  Can  any  one  of  your  cor- 
respondents tell  who  was  D'Israeli's  authority  for 
the  following  ?  — 

"  Of  the  Maid  of  Orleans  I  have  somewhere  read, 
that  a  bundle  of  faggots  was  substituted  for  her,  when 
she  was  supposed  to  have  been  burnt  by  the  Duke  of 
Bedford." — Curiosities  of  Literature,  vol.  i.  p.  312. 

J.  R.  R. 

Fawell  Arms  and  Crest.  —  Could  any  corre- 
spondent tell  me  the  correct  arms  and  crest  of 
Fawell  ?  In  Burke's  General  Armory  they  are 
given  :  "  Or,  a  cross  moline  gu.,  a  chief  dig."  And 
in  Berry's  Encyclopaedia  Heraldica  :  *'  Sa.,  a  che- 
veron  between  three  escallop  shells  argent."  In 
neither  work  is  a  crest  registered,  and  yet  I  be- 
lieve there  is  one  belonging  to  the  family.  CID. 

"  Had  I  met  thee  in  thy  beauty"  —  Can  you  or 
any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me  who  is  the 
author  of  the  poem  commencing  with  the  above 
line,  and  where  it  may  be  found  ?  It  is  generally 
supposed  to  be  Lord  Byron's,  but  cannot  be 
found  in  any  of  his  published  works.  E.  H. 


APKIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


Portrait  of  D.  P.  Tremesin.  —  Has  there  ever 
been  any  portrait  known  to  exist  of  one  Dompe 
Peter  Tremesin,  who  is  supposed  to  have  been  the 
earliest  equestrian  who  performed  feats  on  horse- 
back, and  of  whom  mention  is  thus  made  in  the 
Privy  Purse  Expenses  of  King  Henry  VIII., 
p.  218. : 

"  Paied  to  one  Dompue  Peter  Tremesin,  that  dyd 
ryde  two  horses  at  once,  by  waye  of  rewarde,  C  corons, 
i.  e.  231.  6s.  8d." 

J.  W.  G.  G. 

Edition  of  "  Othello:'— I  shall  feel  much  indebted 
to  MESSRS.  COLLIER,  SINGER,  &c.  for  information 
relative  to  an  edition  of  Othello  which  was  shown 
to  me  in  January,  1837,  and  had  previously  be- 
longed to  J.  W.  Cole  (Calcraft),  Esq.,  then  ma- 
nager of  the  Theatre  Royal,  Dublin.  It  consisted 
of  die  text  (sometimes  altered,  I  think)  and  notes 
connected  exclusively  with  astrology.  There  was, 
if  I  remember  rightly,  a  frontispiece  representing 
some  of  the  characters,  their  heads,  arms,  bodies, 
and  legs  being  dotted  over  with  stars,  as  seen 
in  a  celestial  globe.  It  was  published  about  the 
year  1826,  and  was  evidently  not  the  first  play  of 
Shakspeare  published  under  similar  circumstances; 
for  I  recollect  that  when  Brabantio  first  appears 
at  the  window,  a  note  informs  the  reader  that  "  if 
he  will  refer  to  the  diagram  of  Brabantio  in  the 
frontispiece,  he  will  discover,  by  comparison  of 
the  stars  in  the  two  diagrams,  that  Brabantio 
corresponds  with  "  a  character  in  another  play  of 
Shakspeare,  the  name  of  which  I  forget.  Mr. 
Cole  is  now  in  London,  and  connected  with  one 
of  the  leading  theatres.  I  do  not  know  his  ad- 
dress. M.  A. 


Prospect  House,  ClerkenwelL  —  Will  any  of 
your  correspondents  learned  in  old  London  topo- 
graphy inform  me  when  the  "  Prospect  House,  or 
Dobney's  Bowling  Green,"  Clerkenwell,  ceased  to 
be  a  place  of  amusement ;  and  where  any  account 
is  to  be  found  of  one  Wildman,  who  is  said  to 
have  exhibited  his  bees  there  in  1772.  (Vide 
Mirror,  vol.  xxxiv.  p.  107.)  And  in  what  con- 
sisted this  exhibition  ?  Also,  if  any  other  plate  of 
the  Three  Hats  public-house,  Islington,  exists  than 
that  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  ?  Also,  if  there 
exists  any  portrait  of  Mrs.  Sampson,  said  to  have 
been  the  first  female  equestrian  performer,  and 
Life  of  Sampson,  who  used  also  to  perform  at  the 
gardens  behind  the  Three  Hats  ?  J.  W.  G.  G. 

Ancient  Family  of  Widderington. — In  an  old 
Prayer  Book,  now  before  me,  I  find  this  entry  :  — 
"  Ralph  Witherington  was  married  to  Mary  Smith 
the  13th  day  of  Nov.  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1703, 
at  seaven  o'clock  in  the  morning,  Sunday."  Then 
follow  the  dates  of  the  births  of  a  numerous  progeny. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  who  these  parties 
were,  or  any  particulars  about  them  ?  The  early 


hour  of  a  winter  morning  seems  strange.  Some 
of  the  children  settled  in  Dublin,  and  intermar- 
ried with  good  Irish  families  ;  but  from  the  entry 
in  another  part  of  the  volume,  in  an  older  hand,  of 
"  Ralph  Witharington  of  Hauxley,  in  the  parish 
of  Warqurth,  in  the  county  of  Northumberland," 
the  family  appear  previously  to  have  lived  in 
England. 

I  have  never  been  able  to  find  the  motto  of  the 
Widderingtons.  Their  arms  are,  of  course,  well 
known,  viz.,  Quarterly,  argent  and  gules,  a  bend 
sable ;  crest,  a  bull's  head :  but  I  have  never  seen, 
their  legend.  W.  X. 

P.  S. — The  marriage  is  not  entered  in  the 
registers  of  Warkworth.  It  may  be  in  some  of 
the  records  (of  the  city)  of  Dublin.  I  have  seen 
the  motto  "  Veritas  Victrix  "  appended  to  a  coat 
of  arms,  in  which  the  Widderington  shield  had  a 
place ;  but  it  was  believed  to  belong  to  the  name 
of  Mallet  in  one  of  the  quarters.- 

Value  of  Money  in  the  Seventeenth  Century.  — 
What  are  the  data  for  comparing  the  value  of 
money  in  the  seventeenth  century  with  its  present 
value?  What  may  1000?.  in  1640,  in  1660,  in 
1680,  be  considered  equivalent  to  now  ?  C.  H. 


toftf) 

Ruin  near  St.  Asaph,  North  Wales.  —  About 
two  miles  from  St.  Asaph,  in  Flintshire,  near  to  a 
beautiful  trout  stream,  called,  I  think,  the  Elway, 
stands  an  old  ruin  of  some  ecclesiastical  edifice. 
There  is  not  very  much  of  it  now  standing,  but 
the  form  of  the  windows  still  exists.  I  have  in 
vain  looked  in  handbooks  of  the  county  for  an 
account  of  it,  but  I  have  seen  none  that  allude  to 
it  in  any  way.  It  is  very  secluded,  being  hidden 
by  trees  ;  and  can  only  be  approached  by  a  foot-' 
path.  In  the  centre  of  the  edifice,  there  is  a 
well  of  most  beautiful  water,  supplied  from  some 
hidden  spring ;  and  from  the  bottom  of  which 
bubbles  of  gas  are  constantly  ascending  to  the  sur- 
face. The  well  is  divided  by  a  large  stone  into 
two  parts,  one  evidently  intended  for  a  bath.  The 
peasantry  in  the  neighbourhood  call  it  the  Virgin 
Mary's  Well,  and  ascribe  the  most  astonishing 
cures  to  bathing  in  its  waters.  I  could  not,  how- 
ever, find  out  what  it  was.  Some  said  it  was  a 
nunnery,  and  that  the  field  adjoining  had  been  a 
burial-ground ;  but  all  seemed  remarkably  igno- 
rant about  it,  and  seemed  rather  to  avoid  speaking 
about  it;  but,  from  what  I  could  gather,  there 
was  some  wild  legend  respecting  it :  but,  being 
unacquainted  with  the  language,  I  could  not  learn 
what  it  was.  I  should  feel  obliged  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  could  give  me  a  description  of  it, 
and  any  information  or  legend  connected  with  it. 
Near  to  it  are  the  celebrated  "Kaffen  Rocks,"  which 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


show  undoubted  evidence,  from  the  shells  and 
shingle  embedded  in  their  strata,  of  having  at 
some  period  been  submerged;  and  the  caverns 
•which  exist  in  them  are  very  large,  and  bones  of 
hyenas  and  other  animals  are  to  be  found  in  them. 
They  are,  however,  very  difficult  to  find  without 
a  guide,  and  there  are  very  few  persons  in  the 
neighbourhood  who  seem  to  know  anything  about 
them.  They  are  very  well  worthy  of  a  visit,  and 
the  surrounding  scenery  is  beautiful  in  the  ex- 
treme. I  shall  be  happy  to  put  any  person  in  the 
way  of  finding  them,  should  a  desire  be  expressed 
in  your  pages.  INVESTIGATOR. 

Manchester. 

[This  is  Fynnon  Vair,  or  "  the  Well  of  Our  Lady," 
situated  in  a  richly-wooded  dell  near  the  river  Elwy, 
in  the  township  of  Wigvair.  This  well,  which  is  in- 
closed in  a  polygonal  basin  of  hewn  stone,  beautifully 
and  elaborately  sculptured,  discharges  about  100  gal- 
lons per  minute:  the  water  is  strongly  impregnated  with 
lime,  and  was  formerly  much  resorted  to  as  a  cold 
bath.  Adjoining  the  well  are  the  ruins  of  an  ancient 
cruciform  chapel,  which,  prior  to  the  Reformation,  was 
a  chapel  of  ease  to  St.  Asaph,  in  the  later  style  of 
English  architecture  :  the  windows,  which  are  of  hand- 
some design,  are  now  nearly  concealed  by  the  ivy 
which  has  overspread  the  building;  and  the  ruin, 
elegant  in  itself,  derives  additional  interest  from  the 
beauty  of  its  situation.  See  Lewis's  Wales,  and  Beau- 
ties of  England  and  Wales,  vol.  xvii.  p.  550.] 

Wafers.  —  When  and  where  were  wafers  in- 
vented ?  They  were  no  new  discovery  when 
Labat  saw  some  at  Genoa  in  1706 ;  but  from  a 
passage  in  his  Voyages  d'Espagne  et  Italic,  pub- 
lished in  1731,  it  would  appear  that  they  were 
even  then  unknown  in  France.  A  writer  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  says  : 

"  We  have  in  our  possession  letters  with  the  wafers 
still  adhering,  which  went  from  Lisbon  to  Rome 
twenty  years  before  that  time ;  and  Stolberg  observes 
that  there  are  wafers  and  wafer-seals  in  the  museum  at 
Portici." 

ABHBA. 

[Respecting  the  antiquity  of  wafers,  Beckmann,  in 
his  History  of  Inventions,  vol.  i.  p.  146.  (Bohn's  edition), 
has  the  following  notice  :  "  M.  Spiess  has  made  an  ob- 
servation which  may  lead  to  farther  researches,  that 
the  oldest  seal  with  a  red  wafer  he  has  ever  yet  found, 
is  on  a  letter  written  by  D.  Krapf  at  Spires,  in  the 
year  1 624,  to  the  government  of  Bayreuth.  M.  Spiess 
has  found  also  that  some  years  after,  Forstenhausser, 
the  Brandenburg  factor  at  Nuremberg,  sent  such 
wafers  to  a  bailiff  at  Osternohe.  It  appears,  however, 
that  wafers  were  not  used  during  the  whole  of  the 
seventeenth  century  in  the  chancery  of  Brandenburg, 
but  only  by  private  persons,  and  by  these  even  seldom, 
because,  as  Speiss  says,  people  were  fonder  of  Spanish 
wax.  The  first  wafers  with  which  the  chancery  of 
Bayreuth  began  to  make  seals  were,  according  to  an 
expense  account  of  the  year  1705,  sent  from  Nurem- 


berg. The  use  of  wax,  however,  was  still  continued, 
and  among  the  Plassenburg  archives  there  is  a  rescript 
of  1722,  sealed  with  proper  wax.  The  use  of  wax 
must  have  been  continued  longer  in  the  Duchy  of 
Weimar ;  for  in  the  Electa  Juris  Publici  there  is  an 
order  of  the  year  1716,  by  which  the  introduction  of 
wafers  in  law  matters  is  forbidden,  and  the  use  of  wax 
commanded.  This  order,  however,  was  abolished  by 
Duke  Ernest  Augustus  in  1742,  and  wafers  again  in- 
troduced."] 

Asgill  on  Translation  to  Heaven.  —  The  Irish 
House  of  Commons,  in  1703,  expelled  a  Mr.  As- 
gill from  his  seat  for  his  book  asserting  the  possi- 
bility of  translation  to  the  other  world  without 
death.  What  is  the  title  of  his  book  ?  and  where 
may  I  find  a  copy  ?  ABHBA. 

[This  work,  published  anonymously,  is  entitled, 
"  An  Argument  proving  that,  according  to  the  Cove- 
nant of  Eternal  Life  revealed  in  the  Scriptures,  Man 
may  be  translated  from  hence  into  that  Eternal  Life 
without  passing  through  Death,  although  the  Humane 
Nature  of  Christ  Himself  could  not  be  thus  translated 
till  He  had  passed  through  Death,"  A.D.  1 700.  No  name 
of  bookseller  or  printer.  It  may  be  seen  at  the  British 
Museum  or  Bodleian.  This  work  raised  a  consider- 
able clamour,  and  Dr.  Sacheverell  mentioned  it  among 
other  blasphemous  writings  which  induced  him  to 
think  the  Church  was  in  danger.] 

Ancient  Custom  at  Coleshill.  —  I  have  some- 
where seen  it  stated,  that  there  is  an  ancient 
custom  at  Coleshill,  in  Warwickshire,  that  if  the 
young  men  of  the  town  can  catch  a  hare,  and 
bring  it  to  the  parson  of  the  parish  before  ten 
o'clock  on  Easter  Monday,  he  is  bound  to  give 
them  a  calf's  head  and  a  hundred  eggs  for  their 
breakfast,  and  a  groat  in  money.  Can  you  inform 
me  whether  this  be  the  fact  ?  And  if  so,  what  is 
the  origin  of  the  custom  ?  ABHBA. 

[The  custom  is  noticed  in  Blount's  Ancient  Tenures, 
by  Beckwith,  edit.  1684,  p.  286.  The  origin  of  it 
seems  to  be  unknown.] 


THE    SONGS    Or    DEGREES. 

(Vol.ix.,  p.  121.) 

Too  much  pains  cannot  be  expended  on  the 
elucidation  of  the  internal  structure  of  the  Psalms. 
In  this  laudable  endeavour,  your  correspondent 
T.  J.  BUCKTON  has,  as  I  conceive,  fallen  into  an 
error.  He  assumes  that  those  Psalms  which  are 
entitled  "  Songs  of  Degrees "  were  appropriated 
for  the  domestic  use  rather  than  the  public  ser- 
vices of  the  Jews.  I  cannot  consider  that  the 
allusions  to  external  objects  which  he  enumerates 
could  affect  the  argument ;  for,  on  the  other  hand, 
we  find  mention  of  the  House  of  the  Lord  (cxxii. 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


1.  9.,  cxxvii.  1.,  cxxxii.  3.  7.,  cxxxiv.  1.) ;  the 
sanctuary  (cxxxiv.  2.)  ;  the  priests  (cxxxii.  9.)  ; 
and  the  singers  (cxxxiv.  !.)»  who  attended  by 
night  as  well  as  by  day  (1  Chron.  ix.  33.)  :  allu- 
sions which  would  sufficiently  warrant  these 
Psalms  being  considered  as  connected  with  the 
temple  worship. 

The  name  Shir  Hammachaloth,  "Song  of  As- 
cents," prefixed  to  these  fifteen  Psalms,  has  given 
rise  to  much  controversy.  The  different  opinions 
as  to  the  import  of  this  title  may  be  thus  stated  : 
1.  The  ancients  understood  it  to  relate  to  the 
steps  of  the  temple  :  of  this  supposition  I  shall 
speak  hereafter.  2.  Luther,  whom  Tholuck  is 
inclined  to  follow,  renders  it  a  song  in  the  higher 
choir ;  intimating  that  they  should  be  sung  from 
an  elevated  position,  or,  as  Patrick  says,  "  in 
an  elevated  voice."  3.  Junius  and  Tremellius 
would  translate  it  "  Song  of  Excellences,"  or 
"  Excellent  Song."  4.  Gesenius,  with  De  Wette, 
considers  that  this  name  refers  to  a  particular 
rhythm,  in  which  the  sense  ascends  in  a  rhythming 
gradation ;  but  as  this  barely  appears  in  one  Psalm 
(cxxi.),  the  facts  will  scarcely  support  the  hypo- 
thesis. 5.  The  more  modern  opinion  is,  that 
(notwithstanding  four  of  them  being  composed  by 
David,  and  one  by  Solomon)  it  signifies  "  Song 
of  the  Ascents"  (cwa£a<m),  or  "Pilgrims'  Song," 
being  composed  for  or  sung  by  the  people  during 
their  journeys  to  Jerusalem,  whether  on  their  re- 
turn from  the  Babylonian  captivity,  or  as  they 
statedly  repaired  to  their  national  solemnities. 

The  first  of  these  hypotheses,  though  in  least 
repute,  I  am  inclined  to  prefer. 

The  title  in  Chaldee  is  "  A  Song  sung  upon  the 
Steps  of  the  Abyss;"  the  Septuagint  superscrip- 
tion "'n5^  TUV  &?u0a0/u«ir;"  and  the  Vulgate,  carmen 
graduum,  "  Song  of  the  Steps."  In  accordance 
with  which  the  Jewish  writers  state,  that  these 
Psalms  were  sung  on  fifteen  steps  leading  from 
the  Atrium  Israelis  to  the  court  of  the  women.  In 
the  apocryphal  book  of  the  "  Birth  of  Mary," 
translated  by  Archbishop  Wake,  which  is  to  be 
found  in  the  works  of  St.  Jerome,  and  which  is 
attributed  to  St.  Matthew,  there  is  an  account  of 
a  miracle  in  the  early  history  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
in  which  it  is  said  (ch.  iv.)  : 

"  2.  And  there  were  about  the  temple,  according  to 
the  fifteen  Psalms  of  Degrees,  fifteen  stairs  to  ascend. 

"  3.  For  the  temple  being  built  in  a  mountain,  the 
altar  of  burnt-offering,  which  was  without,  could  not 
be  come  near  but  by  stairs." 

It  goes  on  to  state  how  the  infant  Mary  miracu- 
lously walked  up  these  stairs.  In  the  account  of 
the  same  miracle,  in  the  Protevangelion,  ascribed 
to  St.  James,  it  is  related  (ch.  vii.)  how  the 

priest  — 

"  .5.  .  .  placed  her  (the  infant)  upon  the  third  step 
of  the  altar." 


From  this  comparison  it  would  appear,  that  the 
"  stairs  about  the  temple"  were  synonymous  with 
the  "  steps  of  the  altar." 

I  would  therefore  suggest,  for  the  consideration 
of  those  better  acquainted  with  the  subject,  that 
these  Psalms  were  adapted  to  be  sung  (not  on  the 
steps,  as  some  think,  but)  as  a  kind  of  introit 
while  the  priests  ascended  the  steps  of  the  altar. 

To  show  their  adaptation  for  this  purpose,  it 
may  be  worth  remarking,  that  they  are  all,  except 
cxxxii.,  introits  in  the  first  Prayer  Book  of  Ed- 
ward VI.  J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 


AMERICAN  POEMS   IMPUTED    TO  ENGLISH   AUTHORS. 

(VoLviiL,  pp.71.  183.) 

The  southern  part  of  the  U.  S.  seems  to  make 
as  free  with  the  reputations  of  English  authors,  as 
the  northern  with  their  copyright.  The  name  of 
the  South  Carolina  newspaper,  which,  with  so 
much  confirmatory  evidence,  ascribed  The  Calm 
to  Shelley,  is  not  given.  If  it  was  the  Southern 
Literary  Messenger,  the  editor  has  been  at  it  again. 
The  following  began  to  appear  in  the  English 
papers  about  Christmas  last,  and  is  still  "  going  the 
round : " 

"  THE  SORROWS  OF  WERTHER.  —  The  Southern  Lite- 
rary Messenger  (U.  S.)  for  the  present  month  contains, 
in  *  The  Editor's  Table,'  the  following  comic  poem  of 
Thackeray's ;  written,  we  are  told,  « one  morning  last 
spring  in  the  Messenger  office,'  during  a  call  made  by 
the  author  :  — 

«  Werther  had  a  love  for  Charlotte, 

Such  as  words  could  never  utter. 
Would  you  know  how  first  he  met  her? 
She  was  cutting  bread  and  butter. 

'  Charlotte  was  a  married  lady, 

And  a  moral  man  was  Werther ; 
And  for  all  the  wealth  of  Indies, 

Would  do  nothing  that  might  hurt  her. 

'  So  he  sigh'd,  and  pined,  and  ogled, 

And  his  passion  boil'd  and  bubbled, 
Till  he  blew  his  silly  brains  out, 

And  no  more  by  them  was  troubled. 

*  Charlotte,  having  seen  his  body 

Borne  before  her  on  a  shutter, 
Like  a  well-conducted  person, 

Went  on  cutting  bread  and  butter.' " 

I  believe  that  Mr.  Thackeray  knows  the  value 
of  his  writings  and  his  time  too  well  to  whittle  at 
verses  in  the  Messenger  office,  and  leave  his  chips 
on  the  floor ;  and  that  he  is  too  observant  of  the 
laws  of  fair  wit  to  make  a  falsification  and  call  it 
a  burlesque.  The  Sorrows  of  Werther  is  not  so 
popular  as  when  known  here  chiefly  by  a  wretched 
version  of  a  wretched  French  version  ;  and  many 
who  read  these  stanzas  will  be  satisfied  that  the 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


last  conveys,  at  worst,  a  distorted  notion  of  the 
end  of  Gothe's  story.  To  prevent  this  misappre- 
hension, I  quote  from  Mr.  Boylan's  translation  all 
that  is  told  of  Charlotte  after  Werther's  suicide  : 

"  The  servant  ran  for  a  surgeon,  and  then  went  to 
fetch  Albert.  Charlotte  heard  the  ringing  of  the  bell ; 
a  cold  shudder  seized  her.  She  wakened  her  husband, 
and  they  both  rose.  The  servant,  bathed  in  tears, 
faltered  forth  the  dreadful  news.  Charlotte  fell  senseless 
at  Albert's  feet. 

"  The  steward  and  his  sons  followed  the  corpse  to 
the  grave.  Albert  was  unable  to  accompany  them. 
Charlotte's  life  was  despaired  o/I" 

Perhaps  "  despaired  of"  is  too  strong  a  word 
for  "  m&ii  furchtete  fur  Lottens  Leben ;"  but  there 
is  no  peg  on  which  to  hang  the  poor  joke  of  the 
last  stanza.  H.  B.  C. 

'   U.  U.  Club. 


"  FEATHER    IN    YOUR    CAP. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  220.) 

In  reply  to  MR.  GATTY'S  question,  I  beg  to 
state  that  the  Indian  wears  an  eagle's  feather  for 
every  enemy  he  has  slain.  I  have  seen  a  boy  of 
fifteen  thus  decorated,  and  was  assured  that  it 
had  been  lawfully  won. 

The  feather  is  usually  stuck  into  the  hinder  part 
of  the  turban,  or  head-dress,  and  either  projects 
straight  out,  or  hangs  down  the  back.  This  is 
exactly  the  fashion  in  which  the  Chinese  wear  the 
peacock's  feather ;  and  it  also  is  a  mark  of  dis- 
tinction for  warriors,  a  military  institution  similar 
to  our  knighthood,  or,  perhaps,  what  knighthood 
once  was.  (See  De  Guignes  and  Barrow,  &c.)  I 
think  M'Kenzie  speaks  of  the  eagle's  feather,  but 
cannot  quote  just  now.  According  to  Elphin- 
stone,  the  "Caufirs  of  Caubul"  (Siah-posh?)  stick 
a  long  feather  in  their  turbans  for  every  Mussul- 
man they  have  slain. 

The  similarity  of  style  in  wearing  their  feathers, 
and,  above  all,  the  coincidence  of  both  being  the 
reward  of  merit,  induces  a  belief  that  in  times 
long  gone  by  a  relationship  may  have  existed  be- 
tween the  Chinese  and  the  American;  a  belief  that 
is  strengthened  by  other  and  more  curious  testi- 
mony than  even  this. 

The  head-dress,  or  coronet  of  upright  feathers, 
to  which  MR.  GATTY  seems  to  allude,  I  have  never 
heard  of,  as  associated  with  warlike  deeds.  The 
coronet  of  feathers,  moreover,  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  peculiar  to  America.  In  the  Athenceum 
for  1844  is  given  the  representation  of  a  naval  en- 
gagement, in  which  one  party  of  the  combatants 
"  wear  head-dresses  of  feathers,  such  as  are  de- 
scribed in  ancient  Hindu  records,  and  such  as  the 
Indian  Caciques  wore  when  America  was  disco- 
vered by  Columbus,"  &c.  (p.  172.).  Moreover, 


"the  Lycians  had  caps  adorned  with  crests,  stuck 
round  with  feathers,"  &c.  (Mey rick's  Ancient  Ar- 
mour, frc.,  vol.  i.  p.  xviii.)  We  may  suppose  this  to 
have  resembled  the  coiffure  of  the  Mexican  and 
other  North  American  tribes. 

Mr.  Rankin  says  the  Peruvian  Incas  wore,  as  a 
distinction,  two  plumes  on  the  front  of  the  head, 
similar  to  those  represented  in  the  portraits  of 
Tamerlane.  (See  Conquest  by  the  Mogols,  #r., 
p.  175.)  I  have  seen,  among  the  Wyandots  of 
Sandusky,  heads  which  one  might  suppose  had 
been  the  originals  of  the  portraits  given  in  bis 
plate :  turban  made  of  gaudy-coloured  silk,  with 
two  short  thick  feathers  stuck  upright  in  front ; 
the  one  red,  the  other  white  tipped  with  blue,  the 
great  desideratum  being  to  have  them  of  different 
colours,  as  strongly  contrasted  as  possible. 

The  Kalmucs,  when  they  celebrate  any  great 
festival,  always  wear  coloured  owls'  feathers  in 
their  caps,  &c.  (See  Strahlenburg,  4to.,  p.  434.) 
The  Dacotas  also  wear  owls'  feathers.  (See  Long's 
Expedition  to  Rocky  Mountains,  vol.  i.  p.  161.) 
The  Usbeck  Tartar  chiefs  wore  (perhaps  do  wear) 
plumes  of  herons'  feathers  in  their  turbans ;  and 
the  herons'  plume  of  the  Ottoman  sultan  is  only 
a  remnant  of  the  costume  in  which  their  ancestors 
descended  from  Central  Asia.  A.  C.  M. 

Exeter.         i 


PERSPECTIVE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  300.) 

Your  correspondent  MR.  G.  T.  HOARE  is  rather 
bold  in  describing  the  case  he  does  as  a  "  very 
common  error;"  and  I  cannot  agree  with  him 
that  the  facade  of  Sennacherib's  Palace  (Layard's 
2nd  book  on  Nineveh)  is  an  instance  of  the  kind. 
The  theory  that  horizontal  lines  in  the  plane  of 
the  picture  should  converge  to  a  point  on  the 
horizontal  line  right  and  left  of  the  visual  ray,  is 
by  no  means  new ;  in  truth,  every  line  according 
to  this  view  must  form  the  segment  of  a  circle 
more  or  less,  according  to  circumstances.  Apply 
this  principle  to  the  vertical  lines  of  a  tower  or 
lofty  building,  and  every  such  structure  must  be 
represented  diminished  at  the  top,  the  vertical 
lines  converging  to  a  vanishing  point  in  the  sky. 

Some  years  since,  this  theory  was  brought  for- 
ward by  Mr.  Parsey,  and  the  subject  fully  dis- 
cussed at  scientific  meetings.  There  was  much 
ingenuity  in  the  arguments  employed,  but  the 
illustrations  were  so  unsatisfactory  that  the  system 
has  never  gained  ground.  The  principles  of 
perspective  are  most  ably  exemplified  in  many 
well-known  works,  as  they  set  forth  very  satisfac- 
tory modes  of  delineation.  The  limits  of  your 
periodical  prevent  a  fuller  correspondence  on  this 
subject,  or  I  think  it  would  not  be  difficult  to 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


379 


satisfy  MR.  Ho  ARE  that  there  are  great  difficulties 
attending  his  proposition. 

No  recent  discoveries  in  the  art  of  perspective 
have  tended  to  more  truthful  representations  than 
those  produced  by  the  recognised  systems  usually 
adopted.  The  method  of  showing  the  internal 
courts,  &c.  of  large  groups  of  buildings  by  isome- 
trical  perspective,  although  very  useful  for  de- 
veloping architects'  and  engineers'  projects,  is  not 
a  system  that  will  bear  the  test  of  close  examin- 
ation. BENJ.  FERRET. 

G.  T.  HOARE  is  quite  right  in  saying  "that 
every  line  above  or  below  the  line  of  the  horizon, 
though  really  parallel  to  it,  apparently  approaches 
it,  as  it  is  produced  to  the  right  or  left."  But  he 
seems  to  forget  that  the  same  holds  good  in  the 
picture  as  in  the  original  landscape,  the  part 
opposite  the  eye  being  nearer  to  it  than  the 
margin  of  the  paper.  To  produce  the  same  effect 
with  converging  lines,  the  drawing  must  be  made 
to  assume  the  form  of  a  segment  of  a  circle,  the 
eye  being  placed  in  the  centre. 

JOHN  P.  STILWELL. 

Dorking. 

I  must  beg  leave  to  differ  most  decidedly  with 
MR.  G.  T.  HOARE  on  this  point.  If  it  is  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  principles  of  perspective  that, 
supposing  the  eye  and  the  picture  in  their  true 
positions  in  relation  to  each  other  and  to  the 
objects  represented,  every  line  drawn  from  the  eye 
to  any  point  of  a  real  object  will  pass  through  its 
corresponding  point  in  the  picture,  then  the  sup- 
posed wall  will  form  the  base  of  a  pyramid,  of 
which  the  eye  will  be  the  apex,  and  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  wall  in  the  picture  a  section 
parallel  to  the  base,  and  consequently  mathemati- 
cally similar  to  the  base  itself.  It  is  perfectly 
true,  as  MR.  HOARE  says,  "  that  every  line  above 
or  below  the  line  of  the  horizon,  though  really 
parallel  to  it,  apparently  approaches  it,  as  it  is  pro- 
duced to  the  right  or  left."  But  he  forgets  that 
this  fact  applies  to  the  picture  as  well  as  to  the 
object.  In  fact,  the  picture  is  an  object,  and  the 
parallel  lines  in  it  representing  the  wall  must  have 
the  same  apparent  tendency  to  one  another  as 
those  in  the  wall  itself.  'AAieiJs. 

Dublin. 

I  am  glad  MR.  G.  T.  HOARE  has  called  attention 
to  the  defective  state  of  the  art  of  perspective. 
His  remarks,  however,  are  too  narrow.  The  fact 
is,  that  any  two  parallel  straight  lines  appear  to 
converge  at  one  or  both  ends,  and  one  or  both  lines 
assume  a  curvilinear  shape.  For  a  notable  ex- 
ample, the  vertical  section  of  the  Duke  of  York's 
column  in  Waterloo  Place,  from  all  points  of 
view,  appears  to  bulge  at  the  point  of  sight,  and 
to  taper  upwards  by  a  curvilinear  convergence  of 
the  sides.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 


LORD    FAIRFAX. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  10.) 

The  following  is  all  the  information  which  I 
have  been  able  to  collect  respecting  the  present 
possessor  of  the  title  of  Fairfax  of  Cameron,  in 
answer  to  the  third  Query  of  W.  H.  M.  It  gives 
me  pleasure  to  communicate  it. 

The  Lords  Fairfax  have  been  for  several  gene- 
rations natives  of  the  United  States.  The  present 
possessor  of  the  title  is  not  so  called,  but  is  known, 
as  Mr.  Fairfax.  He  resides  at  present  in  Suter 
County,  California.  His  Christian  names  are 
George  William. 

The  gentleman  who  bore  the  title  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  present  century,  was  a  zealous 
member  of  the  republican  (now  called  democratic) 
party. 

The  Fairfax  family,  at  one  time,  owned  all  that 
portion  of  Virginia  called  the  Northern  Neck, 
lying  between  the  Potomac  and  Rappahannock 
rivers. 

So  much  for  the  third  Query.  I  beg  leave  to 
add  a  few  remarks  suggested  by  the  fifth. 

The  citizens  of  the  United  States  are  not  called 
subjects  of  the  United  States ;  and  for  the  same 
reason  that  your  excellent  Queen  is  not  called  a 
subject  of  Great  Britain.  Native  citizens  take  no 
oath  of  citizenship,  expressly  or  impliedly,  what- 
ever the  latter  word  may  mean.  Foreigners,  who 
become  naturalised,  do  not  renounce  allegiance  to 
the  sovereign  of  Great  Britain  more  "pointedly" 
than  to  any  other  sovereign.  Every  one  re- 
nounces his  allegiance  to  the  potentate  or  power 
under  whose  sway  lie  was  born :  the  Englishman 
to  the  King  (or  Queen)  of  Great  Britain,  the 
Chinese  to  the  Emperor  of  China,  the  Swiss  to  the 
republic  of  Switzerland,  and  so  of  others. 

W.  H.  M.  says  that  the  existence  of  the  peers 
of  Scotland  "  is  a  denial  of  the  first  proposition 
in  the  constitution  of"  the  United  States.  If 
W.  H.  M.  will  turn  to  this  constitution,  he  will 
find  that  he  has  confounded  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  with  it. 

Foreigners,  on  becoming  naturalised,  have  to 
renounce  their  titles  of  nobility ;  but  I  know  of 
nothing  to  prevent  a  native  American  citizen  from 
being  called  Lord,  as  well  as  Mr.  or  Esq.  As 
above  mentioned,  a  Lord  Fairfax  was  so  called 
twenty-six  years  after  our  Independence;  and 
Lord  Stirling,  who  was  a  Major-General  in  the 
American  army  of  the  Revolution,  was  always  so 
styled  by  his  cotemporaries,  and  addressed  by 
them  as  "  My  Lord"  and  "  Your  Lordship." 

Some  farther  information  upon  this  subject  has 
been  promised  to  me.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

If  W.  II.  M.  desires  particular  information  con- 
cerning the  Fairfax  family  in  Virginia,  it  will  give 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


me  pleasure  to  send  him  Notes  from  Sparks' 
Washington,  Virginia,  its  History  and  Antiquities, 
Sfc. ;  amongst  which  is  a  picture  of  "  Greenway 
Court  Manor  House."  I  now  give  only  an  extract 
from  Washington  to  Sir  John  Sinclair  (Sparks, 
vol.  xii.  pp.  327,  328.),  which  answers  in  part 
W.  H.  M.'s  third  Query  : 

"  Within  full  view  of  Mount  Vernon,  separated 
therefrom  by  water  only,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
seats  on  the  river  for  sale,  but  of  greater  magnitude 
than  you  seem  to  have  contemplated.  It  is  called 
Belvoir,  and  belonged  to  George  Wm.  Fairfax ;  who, 
were  he  now  living,  would  be  Baron  of  Cameron,  as 
his  younger  brother  in  this  country  (George  Wm. 
dying  without  issue)  at  present  is,  though  he  does  not 
take  upon  himself  the  title.  This  seat  was  the  resi- 
dence of  the  above-named  gentleman  before  he  went  to 

England At  present   it  belongs  to    Thomas 

Fairfax,  son  of  Bryan  Fairfax  :  the  gentleman  who  will 
not,  as  I  said  before,  take  upon  himself  the  title  of 
Baron  of  Cameron." 

T.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 

I  cannot  but  deem  your  correspondents  W.  W. 
and  H.  G.  in  error  when  they  consider  that  the 
name  of  Baron  Fairfax  ought  not  to  be  retained 
in  the  Peerage.  The  able  heraldic  editors  of  the 
Peerages  are  likely  to  be  better  versed  in  such 
matters  than  to  have  perpetrated  and  perpetuated 
so  frequently  the  blunder ;  or  what  is  to  be  said 
of  Sir  Bernard  Burke's  elevation  to  be  a  king  of 
arms  ?  Not  to  omit  the  instance  of  the  Earl  of 
Athlone,  who,  though  a  natural-born  subject  of  a 
foreign  realm,  in  1795  took  his  seat  in  the  House 
of  Lords  in  Ireland  (a  case  which  H.  G.  wants 
explained),  we  have  a  more  recent  instance  in 
the  case  of  the  present  King  of  Hanover,  a  foreign 
potentate,  who  is  Duke  of  Cumberland  and  Te- 
viotdale  by  inheritance,  in  our  peerage,  and  whose 
coronation  oath  (of  allegiance  ?)  must  be  quite 
Incompatible  with  the  condition  of  a  subject  in 
another  state.  I  confess  I  should  like  to  see  this 
explained,  as  well  as  the  position  of  those  (amongst 
whom,  however,  Lord  Fairfax  now  ranks)  who, 
while  strictly  mere  subjects  and  citizens  of  their 
own  state,  may  have  had  conferred  upon  them- 
selves, or  inherit,  titles  of  dignity  and  privilege  in 
a  foreign  one.  We  usually  (as  in  the  case  of  the 
Rothschilds,  &c.)  acknowledge  their  highest  title 
in  address,  but  without  any  adjective  or  epithets 
to  qualify  with  honor,  such  as  "  honorable ; "  as 
is  the  case,  too,  with  doctors  of  foreign  univer- 
sities, whose  title  from  courtesy  we  also  admit, 
though  this  does  not  place  them  on  a  footing  with 
those  of  England.  The  present  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington and  the  Earl  Nelson  inherit,  I  believe, 
titles  of  dignity  in  foreign  lands,  though  natural- 
born  subjects  of  this  realm  ;  and  there  can  hardly 
be  a  doubt  that  Lord  Fairfax  inherits  correctly 
his  British  barony,  though,  whenever  he  may 


exercise  for  the  first  time  a  legal  vote,  he  may 
have  to  exhibit  proof  of  his  being  the  very  heir 
and  person  qualified,  merely  because  born  and 
resident  in  a  foreign  state ;  the  same  as  would  in 
such  case  doubtless  occur  with  regard  to  the 
other  noble  persons  I  have  referred  to. 

A  FAIRFAX  KINSMAN. 
Nantcribba  Hall,  N.  W. 

The  following  entry  in  T.  Kerslake's  catalogue, 
The  Bristol  Bibliographer,  seems  worth  notice  : 

"  Burrough's  (Jer.)  Gospel  Remission.  True 
blessedness  consists  in  pardon  of  sin,  1668,  4 to.,  with 
autograph  of  Thos.  Lord  Fairfax,  1668,  and  several 
MS.*  notes  by  him,  12s.  6d." 

E.M. 

Hastings. 


"  CONSILIUM    DELECTORUM    CARDINALIUM. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  127.  252.) 

I  have  before  me  a  copy  of  this  very  interest- 
ing document,  together  with  an  Epistola  Joannis 
Sturmii  de  eadem  re,  ad  Cardinales  caterosque 
viros  ad  earn  Consultationem  delectos,  printed  at 
Strasburg  ("ex  officina  Cratonis  Mylii  Argen- 
toraten.")  A.D.  1538.  The  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee had  reached  Sturmius  in  the  month  of 
March,  1537-8  ;  and  his  critique,  addressed  espe- 
cially to  Contarini,  bears  the  date  "tertio  Non. 
Aprilis."  As  it  is  a  somewhat  scarce  pamphlet, 
two  or  three  extracts  may  not  be  unacceptable  to 
the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." : 

"  Kara  res  est  et  prater  omnium  opinionem  oblata 
occasio,  pontificem  datum  orbi  talem,  qui  jurejurando 
fidem  suorum  sibi  ad  patefaciendam  veritatem  astrinx- 
erit,  ut  si  quid  secus  statuatis  quam  religio  desideret 
vobis  ea  culpa  non  pontifici  praestanda  videatur."  — 
C.  2. 

"  At  si  diligenter  et  cum  fide  agatis,  vestra  virtute, 
florentem  Christi  rempublicam  conspiciamus ;  si  ne- 
gligenter  et  cupide,  ut  cujus  rei  adhuc  reliquiae  non- 
nullae  supersunt,  ilia?  continuo  ita  tollantur,  simul  ac 
calumniari  ac  male  agere  ceperitis,  ut  ne  vestigia  qui- 
detn  ullius  sanctitatis  apud  vestras  quidem  partes  pos- 
teris  nostris  appareant."  —  C.  4. 

He  then  passes  to  other  topics,  where  he  has  to 
deplore  the  little  sympathy  evinced  by  the  Cardi- 
nals for  Luther  and  his  party,  e.  g.  on  the  subject 
of  indulgences  : 

«  Quid  de  ilia  ratione  quam  pcenitentibus  pra?scri- 
bitis,  nonne  falsa,  nonne  perversa,  rionne  ad  quantum 
magis  et  ad  tyrannidem  quam  ad  vita?  emendationem, 

*  One  note  may  be  thought  to  be  characteristic. 
In  the  table  occurs,  "  Many  think  their  sins  are  par- 
doned, because  it  is  but  little  they  are  guilty  of."  The 
general  has  interlined,  "  A  pistol  kills  as  well  as  a 
cannon." 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


et  correctionem  spectans?  Et  qui  remedia  contra  hos 
morbos  quaerunt,  eos  vos  ea  ecclesia  ejiciendos  putatis, 
et  condemnatis  hajreseos,  qui  restituere  pristinam  puri- 
tatem  religion!  conantur  ;  eos  illam  tollere,  qui  cere- 
monias  purgare,  eos  perflegare  qui  auctoritatetn  eccle- 
siasticam  recuperare  atque  confirmare,  eos  imminuere 
et  labefactare  clamatis." — D.  4. 

CHARLES  HARDWICK. 

Had  MR.  WOODWARD'S  remarks  come  sooner 
under  notice,  they  should  have  received,  as  well 
deserving,  a  quicker  reply.  It  is  in  one  sense 
rather  annoying  that  he  should  have  mistaken  so 
widely  the  publication  under  question,  and  spent 
so  much  time  in  confirming  what  few,  if  any,  now 
doubt  of,  the  Papal  origin  of  the  Consilium  De- 
lectorum  Cardinalium.  (See  Gibbings'  Preface  to 
his  Reprint  of  the  Roman  Index  Expurgatorius, 
p.  xx.)  The  title  of  the  tract  (so  to  speak)  com- 
monly attributed  to  the  same  quarter,  but  the 
justice  of  which  is  questioned,  is,  Consilium  quo- 
rundam  Episcoporum  Bononice  congregatorum, 
quod  de  ratione  stabiliendce  Romance  Ecclesice 
Julio  III.  P.M.  datum  est.  This  is  the  Consilium 
to  which  MR.  WOODWARD'S  attention  should  have 
been  confined  ;  and  which  he  will  find  in  the  same 
volume  of  Brown's  Fasciculus,  to  which  he  has 
referred  me  on  the  real  Consilium,  pp.  644-650.  It 
appears  in  English  also,  translated  by  Dr.  Clagett, 
in  Bishop  Gibson's  Preservative,  vol.  i.  p.  170. 
edit.  8vo. ;  and  is  also  included  (a  point  to  be 
noticed)  in  the  single  volume  published  of  Ver- 
gerio's  Works,  Tubingen,  1563.* 

MR.  WOODWARD  has  no  doubt  frequently  met, 
in  Protestant  authors,  with  the  quotation  from 
this  supposed  Bologna  Council  (Consilium  being 
taken  for  Concilium),  recommending  that  as  little 
as  possible  of  the  Scriptures  should  be  suffered  to 
come  abroad  among  the  vulgar,  that  having  proved 
the  grand  source  of  the  present  calamities.  Now 
the  very  air  of  this  passage,  and  of  course  of  many 
others  rather  less  disguised,  is  of  itself  sufficient 
to  prove  that  this  Bologna  Council  is  a  piece  of 
banter ;  the  workmanship,  in  fact,  of  Peter  Paul 
Vergerio.  Would  any  real  adherent  of  Rome  so 
express  himself?  "N.&  Q."  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  111.) 
supplies  a  ready  answer,  in  the  communication 
from  F.  C.  H.  on  the  so-called  Catholic  Bible 
Society. 

Would  a  real  adherent  of  the  Papal  Church 
again  express  himself  in  the  following  unimpas- 
sioned  manner  ? 

"  Nam  Apostolorum  temporibus  (ut  verum  tibi 
fateamur,  sed  silentio  opus  est)  vel  aliquot  annis  post 
ipsos  Apostolos,  nulla  vel  Papatus,  vel  Cardinalatus 
mentio  erat,  nee  amplissimos  illos  reditus  Episcopatuum 
et  Sacerdotiorum  fuisse  constat,  nee  templa  tantis 
sumptibus  extruebantur,  &c.  :  a?stimet  ergo  tua  sanc- 

*  See  an  account  of  him  in  M'Crie's  Hist,  of  the 
Reformation  in  Italy,  pp.  77.  115.  &c. 


titas  quam  male  nobiscum  ageretur,  si  nostro  aliquo 
fato  in  pristinam  paupertatem  humilitatem  et  miseram 
illam  servitutem  ac  potestatem  alienam  redigendi 
essemus !" 

Again : 

"  Deinde  ubi  Episcopi  Sacerdotum  palmas  tantum 
inungunt,  jube  illos  internarn  atque  externam  manum, 
ad  ha?c  caput  ipsum  et  simul  totam  faciem  perungere. 
Nam  si  tantulum  illud  oleum  sanctificandi  vim  habet, 
major  certe  olei  quantitas  majorem  quoque  sanctifi- 
candi vim  obtinebit." 

To  be  sure  !     Who  can  doubt  it  ? 

MR.  WOODWARD  will,  I  apprehend,  readily  agree 
that  these  sentences  come  from  no  one  connected 
with  the  Roman  Church.  And  they  are  quoted 
in  the  hope  that  Protestants  will  cease  to  cite  this 
supposed  Bologna  Council  as  any  valid  or  genuine 
testimony  to  Romish  proceedings  and  sentiments. 

Novus. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mounting  Positives.  —  If  the  print  and  the  mounting 
paper,  or  Bristol  board,  are  both  made  equally  damp, 
and  the  back  of  the  picture  covered  with  thin  paste, 
they  adhere  without  any  unevenness ;  and  if  the  print 
is  on  the  fine  Canson's  paper,  the  appearance  is  that  of 
an  India  proof.  They  should  remain  until  perfectly 
dry  in  a  press.  H.  W.  DIAMOND. 

Mounting  of  Photographs,  and  Difficulties  in  the 
Wax-paper  Process.  —  May  I  request  a  little  addi- 
tional information  from  your  correspondent  SELEUCUS, 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  310.,  respecting  the  mounting  of  photo- 
graphs ?  Does  he  mean  merely  the  painting  the 
edges,  or  the  smearing  of  the  photograph  all  over  its 
back  with  the  Indian-rubber  glue,  prior  to  sticking  the 
proof  on  the  cardboard  ?  If  the  former,  which  I  ap- 
prehend he  does,  SELEUCUS  will  necessarily  have  the 
unsightly  appearance  of  the  picture's  buckling  up  in 
tbe  middle  on  the  board  being  bent  forward  and  back- 
ward in  different  directions  ?  May  I  take  the  liberty 
of  asking  him  in  what  respect  the  plan  proposed  is  su- 
perior to  that  of  painting  over  the  edges  with  mucilage 
of  gum  arabic,  containing  a  little  brown  sugar  to  pre- 
vent its  cracking,  allowing  it  to  dry,  and  prior  to  the 
placing  it  on  the  card,  slightly  moistening  it ;  a  plan 
superior  to  that  of  putting  it  on  the  board  at  first,  as 
all  risk  of  a  portion  of  the  gum  oozing  out  at  the  edges 
is  thereby  avoided. 

I  have  long  been  in  the  habit  of  mounting  prints 
and  photographs  in  a  way  which  prevents  their  buck- 
ling, keeps  the  paper  underneath  quite  smooth,  and  in 
other  respects  is  so  perfect,  that  it  positively  defies  the 
distinguishing  of  the  picture  from  the  paper  on  which 
it  is  mounted.  I  am  not  certain  that  my  plan  is  appli- 
cable to  the  mounting  on  card-board,  as  it  cannot  be 
wetted  and  stretched,  thinking  it  useless  to  make  use 
of  such  a  costly  material  when  a  tolerably  thick  draw- 
ing-paper will  more  than  serve  the  same  purpose  at  a 
very  considerably  less  expense,  seeing  that  the  photo- 
graph thus  mounted  bears  a  much  closer  resemblance 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


to  that  of  a  good  and  costly  print.  A  good  plain  or 
tinted  sheet  of  drawing-paper,  SO  inches  by  22,  may  be 
obtained  at  the  artists'  colour  shops  for  sixpence,  suffi- 
ciently large  for  two  drawings,  9  inches  by  1 1 ,  allowing 
a  sufficient  margin. 

After  various  trials,  the  plan  I  have  found  decidedly 
the  best  is  the  following  :  —  Soak  the  drawing-paper  in 
a  vessel  of  water  for  ten  minutes,  or  until  it  appears  by 
its  flaccidity  to  have  become  perfectly  saturated  ;  put  it 
at  once  into  an  artist's  stretching  frame,  brush  over  the 
back  of  the  photograph  with  rather  thin  and  perfectly 
smooth  paste,  allow  it  a  few  minutes  to  imbibe  a  portion 
of  the  moisture  of  the  paste,  and  then  lay  it  smoothly 
down  on  the  damp  paper  now  on  the  stretching  frame, 
of  course  carefully  pressing  out  all  air  bubbles  as  you 
gradually,  beginning  at  one  side,  smooth  down  the 
pasted  picture.  It  should  remain  in  a  dry  place  (not 
placed  before  a  fire)  until  the  whole  has  become  quite 
dry,  about  ten  or  twelve  hours.  It  may  then  be  taken 
out  of  the  frame,  cut  to  the  desired  shape,  and  a  single 
or  double  line  nicely  drawn  around  the  picture,  at  a 
distance  suitable  to  each  individual's  taste,  by  the  help 
of  sepia-coloured  ink  and  a  crowquill  pen,  both  of 
which  may  also  be  bought  at  the  artists'  colour  shop. 
Should  it  be  required  to  be  still  more  nicely  mounted, 
and  to  appear  to  have  been  one  and  the  same  paper 
originally,  the  back  edges  of  the  picture  should,  pre- 
vious to  laying  on  the  paste,  be  rubbed  down  to  a  fine 
and  knife-like  edge  with  a  piece  of  the  finest  sand- 
paper placed  on  a  wine  cork,  or  substance  of  a  similar 
size.  The  drawing-paper  should  be  of  the  same  shade 
and  tint  as  the  ground  of  the  photograph. 

A  novice  in  the  wax-paper  process  (having  hereto- 
fore worked  the  collodion  and  calotype,  from  its  very 
desirable  property  of  keeping  long  good  after  being 
excited,  t.  e.  the  wax  paper),  I  am  very  desirous  of 
getting  over  an  unexpected  difficulty  in  its  manipu- 
lation ;  and  if  some  one  of  the  many  liberal-minded 
contributors  to  your  justly  wide-spread  periodical,  well 
versed  in  that  department  of  the  art,  would  lend  me  a 
helping  hand  in  my  present  difficulty,  I  should  feel 
more  than  obliged  for  the  kindness  thereby  conferred. 

My  wax-paper  negative,  much  to  my  disappointment, 
occasionally  exhibits,  more  or  less,  a  speckled  appear- 
ance by  transmitted  light,  which  frequently,  in  deep 
painting,  impresses  the  positive  with  an  unsightly 
spotted  character,  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  a  bad 
lithograph  taken  from  a  worn-out  stone.  I  should 
wish  my  wax-paper  negative  to  be  similar  in  appear- 
ance to  that  of  a  good  calotype  one,  or  to  show  by 
transmitted  light,  as  my  vexatious  specimen  does  when 
viewed  on  its  right  side  by  reflected  light.  As  the 
most  lucid  description  must  fall  far  short  of  a  sight  of 
the  article  itself,  I  purpose  enclosing  you  a  specimen 
of  my  failure,  a  portion  of  one  of  the  negatives  in 
question.  Would  immersion,  instead  of  floating  on  the 
gallo-nitrate  solution,  remedy  the  evil  ?  Or  should 
the  impressed  sheet  be  entirely  immersed  in  the  deve- 
loping fluid  in  place  of  being  floated?  And  if  in  the 
affirmative,  of  what  strength  should  it  be?  I  have 
thus  far  tried  both  plans  in  vain.  HENRY  H.  HELE. 

[The  defects  described  by  our  correspondent  are  so 
frequent  with  manipulators  in  the  wax-paper  process, 


and  which  DR.  MANSELL  has  called  so  aptly  a  "gra- 
velly appearance,"  that  we  shall  be  glad  to  receive  com- 
munications from  those  of  our  numerous  correspon- 
dents who  are  so  fortunate  as  to  avoid  it.] 

The  New  Waxed-paper,  or  Ceroleine  Process. — The 
following  process,  communicated  to  the  French  paper 
Cosmos  by  M.  Stephane  GeofFroy,  and  copied  into 
La  Lumiere,  appears  to  possess  many  of  the  advantages 
of  the  wax-paper,  while  it  gets  rid  of  those  blemishes 
of  which  so  many  complain.  I  have  therefore  thought 
it  deserving  the  attention  of  English  photographers, 
and  so  send  a  translation  of  it  to  "  N.  £  Q."  As  I 
have  preserved  the  French  measures — the  litre  and 
the  gramme — I  may  remind  those  who  think  proper  to 
repeat  M.  Geoffrey's  experiments,  that  the  former  is 
equal  to  about  2  pints  and  2  ounces  of  our  measure ; 
and  that  the  yramme  is  equal  to  15 '438  grains,  nearly 
15i.  ANON. 

I  send  you  a  complete  description  of  a  method  for 
either  wet  or  dry  paper,  which  has  many  advantages 
over  that  of  Mr.  Le  Gray. 

I  assure  you  it  is  excellent ;  and  its  results  are 
always  produced  in  a  manner  so  easy,  so  simple,  and 
so  certain,  that  I  think  I  am  doing  great  service  to 
photographers  in  publishing  it. 

1st.  I  introduce  500  grammes  of  yellow  or  white 
wax  into  1  litre  of  spirits  of  wine,  of  the  strength 
usually  sold,  ir^  a  glass  retort.  I  boil  the  alcohol  till 
the  wax  is  completely  dissolved  (first  taking  care  to 
place  at  the  end  of  my  retort  an  apparatus,  by  means  of 
which  I  can  collect  all  the  produce  of  the  distillation). 
I  pour  into  a  measure  the  mixture  which  remains  in  the 
retort  while  liquid ;  while  it  is  getting  cool,  the  myricine 
and  the  cerine  harden  or  solidify,  and  the  ceroleine  re- 
mains alone  in  solution  in  the  alcohol.  I  separate  this 
liquid  by  straining  it  through  fine  linen  ;  and  by  a  last 
operation,  I  filter  it  through  a  paper  in  a  glass  funnel, 
after  having  mixed  with  it  the  alcohol  resulting  from 
the  distillation.  I  keep  in  reserve  this  liquor  in  a 
stopper-bottle,  and  make  use  of  it  as  I  want  it,  after 
having  mixed  it  in  the  following  manner. 

2nd.  Next  I  dissolve,  in  150  grammes  of  alcohol,  of 
36  degrees  of  strength,  20  grammes  of  iodide  of  am- 
monium (or  of  potassium),  1  gramme  of  bromide  of 
ammonium  or  potassium,  1  gramme  of  fluoride  of 
potassium  or  ammonium. 

I  then  pour,  drop  by  drop,  upon  about  1  gramme  of 
fresh-made  iodide  of  silver  a  concentrated  solution  of 
cyanide  of  potassium,  only  just  sufficient  to  dissolve  it. 

I  add  this  dissolved  iodide  of  silver  to  the  preceding 
mixture,  and  shake  it  up  :  there  remains,  as  a  sediment 
at  the  bottom  of  the  bottle,  a  considerable  thickness  of 
all  the  above  salts,  which  serve  to  saturate  the  alcohol 
by  which  I  replace  successively  the  saturated  which  I 
have  extracted  by  degrees  in  the  proportions  below. 

3rd.  Having  these  two  bottles  ready,  when  I  wish 
to  prepare  negatives,  I  take  about  200  grammes  of  the 
solution  No.  1.  of  ceroleine  and  alcohol,  with  which  I 
mix  20  grammes  of  the  solution  No.  2.;  I  filter  the 
mixture  with  care,  to  avoid  the  crystals  which  are  not 
dissolved,  which  always  soil  the  paper  ;  and  in  a  porce- 
lain tray  I  make  a  bath,  into  which  I  lay  to  soak  for 


APKIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


383 


about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  the  papers  selected  and 
cut,  five  or  six  at  a  time,  till  the  liquor  is  exhausted. 
Taken  out,  hung  up  by  the  corner,  and  dried,  these 
papers,  which  have  taken  a  uniform  rosy  tint,  are  shut 
up  free  from  dust,  and  kept  dry.  With  regard  to  the 
sensitizing  by  nitrate  of  silver,  the  bringing  out  of  the 
image  under  the  action  of  gallic  acid,  and  fixing  the 
proof  by  hyposulphite  of  soda,  I  follow  the  usual 
methods,  most  frequently  that  of  Mr.  Le  Gray. 

I  add  only,  if  I  have  any  dissolved,  1  or  2  grammes 
of  camphorated  spirits  to  1  litre  of  the  solution  of  gallic 
acid. 

Allow  me,  Sir,  to  say  a  few  words  on  the  great  ad- 
vantages I  have  always  remarked  in  preparing  my 
negatives  by  this  method. 

All  those  who  use  papers  waxed  by  Mr.  Le  Gray's 
process,  know  how  many,  how  tedious,  and  how  diffi- 
cult are  the  operations  before  the  sensitizing  by  nitrate 
of  silver.  They  know  too  how  much  care  is  neces- 
sary to  obtain  papers  uniformly  prepared  and  without 
spots,  in  the  midst  of  such  long  operations,  in  which 
there  are  so  many  opportunities  for  accidents.  In  fact, 
one  must  be  always  upon  one's  guard  against  the  im- 
purities of  the  wax  obtained  from  the  shop  ;  against  the 
dust  during  the  impregnation  of  the  paper  ;  and,  while 
using  the  iron,  against  the  over-heating  of  the  latter, 
and  against  the  bad  quality  of  the  paper  used  to  blot. 

Photographers  know  also  how  much  wax  they  lose 
by  this  process,  and  how  much  it  costs  for  the  quanti- 
ties of  paper  necessary  to  dry  it  properly.  They  know 
likewise  how  difficult  and  tedious  it  is  to  soak  a  waxed 
paper  which  has  been  previously  in  a  watery  solution. 
On  the  contrary,  by  the  method  I  have  described,  the 
iodizing  and  the  waxing  is  done  by  one  single,  simple, 
and  rapid  process  ;  the  saturation  is,  as  may  be  con- 
ceived, very  uniform,  and  very  complete,  thanks  to  the 
power  of  penetration  possessed  by  the  alcohol ;  and 
that  marbled  appearance  of  the  ordinary  waxed  proofs, 
which  is  so  annoying,  cannot  be  produced  by  this 
method,  thanks  to  the  character  of  the  ceroleine  :  this 
body  is,  in  fact,  of  a  remarkable  elasticity. 

The  solution  of  ceroleine  in  the  alcohol  is  more  easy 
to  prepare,  and  comparatively  costs  little;  and  the 
remains  of  stearine  and  of  myricine  can  either  be  sold 
again,  or,  in  any  case,  may  be  used  to  wax  fixed  proofs. 

The  solution  of  which  I  have  given  you  the  formula, 
is  photogenic  to  a  very  high  degree ;  in  fact,  used  with 
papers,  either  thin  or  stout,  it  gives,  after  the  first 
bath  of  gallic  acid,  blacks  of  an  intensity  truly  remark- 
able ;  which  it  is  impossible  to  obtain  to  the  same 
degree  with  Le  Gray's  paper,  and  which  other  papers 
scarcely  take  after  having  been  done  a  second  time 
with  the  acetic  acid,  or  the  bichloride  of  mercury.  At 
the  same  time,  it  preserves  the  lights  and  the  half-tones 
in  a  way  that  surprises  me  upon  each  new  trial  (I  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  obtain  one  clear  proof  by  gallic 
acid,  with  the  addition  of  nitrate  of  silver).  The 
transparency  of  the  proofs  is  always  admirable,  and  the 
clearness  of  the  object  yields  in  nothing  to  that  of  the 
proofs  obtained  by  albumen. 

The  paper,  prepared  in  the  manner  I  have  described, 
is  also  very  quick  as  compared  with  Le  Gray's  paper  — 
at  least  one  fourth  quicker;  and  preserves  its  perfect 
sensitiveness  in  the  same  proportion  of  time,  three  days 


in  twelve.  Thus,  it  is  at  the  same  time  quicker  and 
less  variable.  This  comparative  rapidity  may  be  very 
well  understood,  by  remembering  that  the  ceroleine  is 
an  element  much  softer  than  its  compound ;  and  pos- 
sesses a  photogenic  aptness  which  is  peculiar  to  itself, 
which  science  will,  no  doubt,  soon  explain. 

To  succeed  in  the  preparation  of  the  ceroleine,  it  is 
important  to  work  with  wax  of  the  best  quality  :  this 
is  not  easy  in  Paris,  where  they  sell,  under  the  name 
of  wax,  a  resinous  matter  which  is  only  wax  in  appear- 
ance. It  will  be  well  to  observe,  with  the  greatest 
care,  the  smell  and  the  look  of  a  fresh  cut. 

[This  article  reached  us  after  our  preceding  note 
was  in  type.  We  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  cor- 
respondents who  have  tried  this  process  how  far  they 
find  it  to  be  one  deserving  of  attention.] 


to 

Origin  of  Clubs  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  327.). — Johnson's 
definition  of  club,  as  "  an  assembly  of  good  fellows, 
meeting  under  certain  conditions,"  will  apply  to  a 
meeting  held  two  centuries  earlier  than  that  esta- 
blished by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  the  Mermaid,  in 
Friday  Street.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.,  there 
was  a  Club  called  "  La  Court  de  bone  Compagnie," 
of  which  Occleve  was  a  member,  and  probably 
Chaucer.  In  the  works  of  the  former  are  two 
ballads,  written  about  1413  .  one  a  congratulation 
from  the  brethren  to  Henry  Somer,  on  his  appoint- 
ment as  Sub-Treasurer  of  the  Exchequer;  and 
the  other  a  reminder  to  the  same  person,  that  the 
"  styward"  had  warned  him  that  he  was  — 
" .  .  .  .for  the  dyner  arraye 
Ageyn  Thirsday  next,  and  nat  it  delaye." 

That  there  were  certain  conditions  to  be  observed 
by  this  Society,  appears  from  the  latter  epistle, 
which  commences  with  an  answer  to  a  letter  of 
remonstrance  the  "  Court"  has  received  from 
Henry  Somer  against  some  undue  extravagance, 
and  a  breach  of  their  rules.  They  were  evidently 
a  jovial  company ;  and  such  a  history  as  could  be 
collected  of  these  Societies  would  be  both  inte- 
resting and  curious.  We  have  proof  that  Henry 
Somer  received  Chaucer's  pension  for  him. 

EDWARD  Foss. 

Dr.  Whichcote  and  Dorothy  Jordan  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  351.).  —  The  sentence  which  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt 
couples  with  Mrs.  Jordan's  laugh,  as  among  the 
best  sermons  he  ever  heard,  your  correspondent 
~.a.v6os  will  find  in  the  collection  of  Moral  and 
Religious  Aphorisms  of  Dr.  Whichcote,  first  pub- 
lished by  Dr.  Jefiery  in  1703,  and  which  were  re- 
published  by  Dr.  Salter  in  1753.  It  is  to  the 
following  effect : 

"  Aph.  1060.  To  lessen  the  number  of  things  lawful 
in  themselves;  brings  the  consciences  of  men  in  [to] 
slavery,  multiplies  sin  in  the  world,  makes  the  way 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


narrower  than  God  has  made  it,  occasions  differences 
among  men,  discourages  comers  to  religion,  rebuilds 
the  partition  wall,  is  an  usurpation  upon  the  family  of 
God,  challenges  successive  ages  backward  and  forward, 
assigns  new  boundaries  in  the  world,  takes  away  the 
opportunity  of  free-will  offerings." 

It  is  possible  that  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt  may  have 
found  it  in  the  little  Manual  of  Golden  Sentences, 
published  by  the  Rev.  John  Hunter,  Bath,  1826, 
12mo.,  where  it  occurs  at  p.  64.,  No.  xlvi. 

With  respect  to  Dorothy  Jordan's  laugh,  to 
those  of  your  readers  who,  like  myself,  have 
heard  it,  and  treasure  it  among  their  joyous  re- 
membrances, no  comment  will  be  wanting. 

S.  W.  SlNGEE. 

"Paid down  upon  the  Nail"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  196.).— 
Your  correspondent  ABHBA  mentions  Limerick, 
on  the  authority  of  O'Keefe  the  dramatist,  as  the 
place  where  this  saying  originated  ;  from  the  fact 
of  a  pillar,  with  a  circular  plate  of  copper  upon  it, 
having  stood  in  a  piazza  under  the  Exchange  in 
this  ancient  city :  which  pillar  was  called  "  the  nail." 
Permit  me  to  remark,  Bristol  also  claims  the  origin 
of  this  saying :  vide  the  following  paragraph  in 
No.  1.  p.  4.  of  the  Curiosities  of  Bristol,  published 
last  September : 

"We  have  heard  it  stated  that  this  phrase  first 
originated  in  Bristol,  when  it  was  common  for  the 
merchants  to  buy  and  sell  at  the  bronze  pillars  (four) 
in  front  of  the  Exchange — the  pillars  being  commonly 
called  Nails." 

I  should  infer  that,  from  the  fact  of  Bristol 
having  been  at  the  time  of  the  erection  of  these 
pillars  (some  centuries  ago)  by  far  the  most  im- 
portant place  in  the  British  empire  (London  only 
excepted),  it  is  more  likely  to  have  originated 
this  commercial  saying  than  Limerick. 

BRISTOLIENSIS. 

"Man  proposes,  but,  God  disposes"  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  87.  202.).— I  regret  that  I  am  unable  to  af- 
ford MR.  THOMAS  any  information  respecting  the 
Abbot  Gerson,  to  whom  the  authorship  of  the  De 
Imitatione  has  been  attributed,  beyond  what  is 
contained  in  the  preface  to  the  edition  which  I 
before  quoted.  The  authority  there  cited  is  a  dis- 
sertation, entitled  Memoire  sur  le  veritable  auteur 
de  I 'Imitation  de  Jesus- Christ,  par  G.  de  Gregory, 
Chevalier  de  la  Legion  d'Honneur,  etc.,  Paris, 
1827.  The  contents  of  this  work  are  thus  de- 
scribed in  that  preface : 

"  Eques  de  Gregory  argumentis  turn  externis,  turn 
internis  demonstrat : —  1.  Libellum — primitus  trac- 
tatum  fuisse  ethicae  scholasticum,  a  magistro  novitio- 
rum  elaboratum.  2.  Eundem,  tempore  inter  annum 
1220  et  1240  interjecto,  suppresso  nomine  conscriptum 
esse  a  Joanne  Gerson,  monacho  Benedictine,  antea  in 
Athenaeo  Vercellensi  professore,  postea  ibidem  mona- 
sterii  S.  Stephani  abbate.  Denique  specialibus  argu- 


mentis eos  refellit,  qui  vel  Joanni  Gersoni,  cancellario 
academiag  Parisiensi,  vel  Thomse  Kempensi  hunc  li- 
brum  attribuendum  esse  contendunt." 

I  have  been  informed  that  an  interesting  article 
upon  the  question  of  the  authorship  has  recently 
appeared  in  a  very  recent  number  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  Review  ;  I  believe  Brownson's  American 
Quarterly.  H.  P. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

H.  P.  wishes  for  some  other  quotations  from  De 
Imitatione  Christi,  in  order  to  test  the  claims  to 
originality  of  that  extraordinary  work ;  I  there- 
fore now  supply  another — "Of  two  evils  we  ought 
always  to  choose  the  least," — because  I  strongly 
suspect  that  it  is  even  some  centuries  older  than 
the  time  of  the  author,  Thomas  a  Kempis.  It  will 
be  found  in  b.  in.  ch.  xii.  of  the  English  trans- 
lation. A.  B.  C. 

Roman  Catholic  Patriarchs  (Vol.viii.,  p.  31 7.). — 
The  following,  with  the  signature  W.  FRASEB, 
appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q."  : 

"  Has  any  bishop  of  the  Western  Church  held  the 
title  of  patriarch,  besides  the  Patriarch  of  Venice? 
And  what  peculiar  authority  or  privileges  has  he?" 

The  Archbishop  of  Lisbon  has  the  title  of  Pa- 
triarch of  the  Jndies  ;  but  it  does  not  appear  that 
he  has  any  denned  jurisdiction,  being  only  an  in- 
ferior patriarch,  and  with  a  title  little  more  than 
honorary.  His  grand  vicars,  however,  are  arch- 
bishops ;  and  his  seal  has,  like  those  of  other 
patriarchs,  the  tiara  encircled  with  two  crowns 
only.  This  patriarchate  was  created  by  Pope 
Clement  XL,  by  his  constitution  In  supremo  Apo- 
stolatus.  Afterwards,  in  the  year  1720,  the  same 
Pope  conferred  upon  the  Patriarch  of  Lisbon  the 
exclusive  right  of  anointing  the  Kings  of  Portugal 
at  their  coronation  on  the  right  arm,  which  had 
previously  been  the  privilege  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Braga.  F.  C.  H. 

The  primate  of  Portugal  has  the  style  of  "  pa- 
triarch," but  I  do  not  know  of  any  privileges  or 
authority  that  he  has  beyond  those  appertaining 
to  the  rank  of  archbishop  or  cardinal,  when  he 
happens  to  be  one,  as  at  present.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Classic  Authors  and  the  Jews  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  221.). 
—  In  Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman 
Biography  a  few  references  are  given,  under  the 
words  "  Herodes,"  "  Hyrcanus,"  &c.,  to  classical 
authors  who  refer  to  the  Jewish  people,  their 
country  and  customs.  Probably  many  more  will 
be  given  in  the  Dictionary  of  Geography,  under 
the  words  "  Palestine,"  "  Jerusalem,"  &c.,  when 
the  work  is  completed.  To  suppose  that  the 
classical  authors  allude  but  seldom  to  the  Jews  is 
a  mistake.  Roman  writers  of  the  post- Augustan 
period  abound  in  allusions  to  them.  I  can  supply 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


B.  H.  C.  with  a  few.  The  Histories  of  Tacitus 
refer  to  them  in  almost  every  page,  and  book  v. 
especially  contains  an  account  of  their  origin, 
institutions,  chief  city,  and  temple.  Juvenal  also 
has  frequent  allusions  to  their  customs  and  habits, 
e.g.  Sat.  iii.  14.,  xiv.  101.  &c. ;  see  also  Horace's 
Satires,  i.  iv.  143.,  i.  v.  100.,  and  I.  ix.  70.,  with 
Macleane's  notes  on  the  two  latter  passages ;  Pliny, 
v.  xiv.  15.,  XHI.  iv.  9.,  xxxi.  viii.  44. ;  Quint., 
in.  vii.  21. ;  Just.,  xxxvi.  2.  I  am  not  aware  of 
any  work  which  gives  all  the  passages  in  classical 
authors  referring  to  the  Jews. 

FRANCIS  J.  LEACHMAN,  B.A. 

In  answer  to  your  correspondent  B.  H.  C.,  I 
beg  to  say  that  I  have  found  out  the  following 
passages  in  classic  authors  bearing  on  Judea  and 
the  Jews,  all  of  which  I  have  authenticated  myself, 
except  where  I  had  not  the  book  at  hand  : 

Tacitus.   Annales,  ii.  85. ;  xii.  23.  54. ;  xv.  44. 
Ditto.     Historic*;,  i.  10.  ;    ii.  1.  4,  5.  78.  79.  81. ;    v. 

passim. 

Horace.    Satires,  i.  4.  143.;  i.  5.  100.;  i.  9.  70. 
Juvenal.   Satires,  ii.  14. ;  vi.  158-160.  537-547.;    xiv. 

96-106. 

Persius.   Satires,  v.  180-189. 
Martial,  iv.  4. 
Suetonius.  Tiberius,  36.;  Augustus,  76.;  Claudius, 25.; 

Vespasian,  5.  &c. ;  Julius  Caesar,  84. 
Pliny,  v.  14,  15,  16.  &c. ;  vii.  15. ;   xxviii.  7. 
Dio  Cassius,  Ix.  §6.;  xxxvii.  §  17. 
Lucan,  ii. 

B.  H.  A. 

Mawkin  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  303.).  —  An  attempt  to 
explain  the  origin  of  the  word  maukin,  or  malkin, 
may  be  seen  in  the  Philological  Museum,  vol.  i. 
p.  681.  (See  also  Halliwell's  Diet.,  in  Malkin  and 
Maulkin.)  The  most  probable  derivation  of  the 
word  is,  that  malkin  is  a  diminutive  of  mal,  abbre- 
viated from  Mary,  now  commonly  written  Moll. 
Hence,  by  successive  changes,  malkin  or  maukin 
might  mean  a  dirty  wench,  a  figure  of  old  rags 
dressed  up  as  a  scarecrow,  and  a  mop  of  rags 
used  for  cleaning  ovens.  The  Scotch  maukin,  for 
a  hare,  seems  to  be  an  instance  of  an  animal  ac- 
quiring a  proper  name,  like  renard  in  French,  and 
jack  for  pike  in  English.  L. 

Mantelpiece  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  302.). — French,  Man- 
teau  de  cheminee.  German,  Kamin  Mantel.  This 
is  the  moulding,  or  mantle,  that  serves  to  hide 
(screen)  the  joint  betwixt  the  wall  and  the  fire- 
stove.  H.  F.  B. 

Mousehunt  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  65.  135.). — A  short 
time  ago  I  was  informed  by  a  gamekeeper,  that 
this  little  animal  is  found  in  the  Holt  Forest.  He 
told  me  that  there  are  three  kinds  of  the  weasel 
tribe  in  the  woods  :  the  weasel,  the  stoat  or  stump, 
and  the  mousehunt  or  mousehunter,  which  is  also 
called  the  thumb,  from  its  diminutive  size.  It 


feeds  on  mice  and  small  birds ;  but  my  informant 
does  not  think  that  it  attacks  game. 

White  of  Selbourne  mentions  that  such  an 
animal  was  supposed  to  exist  in  his  neighbour- 
hood : 

"  Some  intelligent  country  people  have  a  notion  that 
we  have,  in  these  parts,  a  species  of  the  genus  Muste- 
linum,  besides  the  weasel,  stoat,  ferret,  and  polecat : 
a  little  reddish  beast,  not  much  bigger  than  a  field- 
mouse,  but  much  longer,  which  they  call  a  cane.  This 
piece  of  intelligence  can  be  little  depended  on  ;  but 
farther  inquiry  may  be  made."  —  Natural  History  of 
Selbourne,  Let.  15. 

FREDERICK  M.  MIDDLETON. 

As  I  can  completely  join  in  with  the  praise 
your  correspondent  MR.  TENNYSON  awards  to 
Mr.  Fennell's  Natural  History  of  Quadrupeds 
(except  as  regards  some  of  its  woodcuts,  which  I 
understand  were  inserted  by  the  publisher  in  spite 
of  the  author's  remonstrance),  I  feel  induced  to 
protect  Mr.  Fennell  from  the  hypercritical  com- 
mentary of  your  correspondent  J.  S.s.  (p.  136.). 

In  the  passage  quoted  and  commented  on,  had 
Mr.  Fennell  used  the  word  beach,  it  would  cer- 
tainly have  referred  to  the  sea;  but  the  word 
"  shore,"  which  he  there  uses,  applies  to  rivers  as 
well  as  seas.  Thus  Spenser,  speaking  of  the  river 
Nile,  says : 

"...   Beside  the  fruitful  shore  of  muddy  Nile, 
Upon  a  sunny  bank  outstretched  lay, 
In  monstrous  length,  a  mighty  crocodile." 

The  passage,  therefore,  in  Mr.  Fennell's  work 
does  not  seem  to  me  to  be  incorrect,  as  it  may 
have  reference  to  the  shore  of  the  Tweed,  Ettrick, 
Yarrow,  or  some  other  rivers  in  Selkirkshire. 

May  I  take  the  present  opportunity  of  inquiring 
through  your  truly  useful  columns,  when  Mr. 
Fennell's  work  on  the  natural  history  of  Shak- 
speare,  advertised  some  few  years  since,  is  likely 
to  appear  ?  ARCHIBALD  FRASER. 

Woodford. 

"Vanitatem  observare"  (Vol.ix.,  pp. 247. 31  L). — 
The  quotation  of  R.  H.  G.  is  no  more  to  be  found 
in  the  Canons  of  Laodicea  than  in  those  of  An- 
cyra.  Indeed  the  passage  has  more  the  appear- 
ance of  a  recommendation,  certainly  excellent, 
than  of  any  grave  decree  of  a  council.  It  can 
hardly  be  supposed  to  bear  any  other  meaning 
than  that  Christian  females  ought  not  to  indulge 
vanity,  or. take  occasion  to  be  vain  of  their  works 
in  wool,  spun  or  woven ;  but  to  refer  all  their 
talent  to  the  Almighty,  who  gives  to  them  the 
skill  and  ability  to  work.  Here  is  evidently  an 
allusion  to  the  skill  and  wisdom  given  to  Beseleel 
and  Ooliab : 

"  Both  of  them  hath  he  instructed  with  wisdom,  to 
do  ....  tapestry  and  embroidery  in  blue  and  purple, 


386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


and  scarlet  twice  dyed,  and  fine  linen,  and  to  weave  all 
things,  and  to  invent  all  things."  —  Exod.  xxxv,  35. 

And  Christian  women  are  reminded  that  all  their 
skill  in  such  work  is  the  gift  of  God.  The  learned 
Benedictine  Rupertus  has  a  comment  upon  this 
passage  of  Exodus,  so  apposite  that  its  substance 
may  appropriately  conclude  this  Note  : 

"  Disce  hinc,  artes  omnes,  etiam  mechanicas,  esse 
dona  Dei,  saltern  naturalia,  neque  in  iis  ut  suis,  suaque 
industria  inventis  aut  partis,  homini  gloriandum  esse 
(q.  d.  vanitatem  observare),  sed  illas  Deo  adscribendas, 
ab  eoque  petendas,  et  in  ejus  obsequium  expendendas 
esse." 

F.  C.  HOSENBETH,  D.D. 

The  passage  which  your  correspondent  R.  H.  G. 
quotes  from  the  Council  of  Ancyra,  A.D.  314,  is 
not  to  be  found  in  the  canons  of  that  Council, 
which  are  printed  in  their  original  Greek,  with 
several  Latin  translations,  in  Labbe's  Concilia, 
vol.  ii.  p.  513.  The  meaning  of  the  sentence  does 
not  seem  very  abstruse  ;  but  before  any  suggestion 
is  made  for  its  interpretation,  it  will  be  desirable 
to  ascertain  to  what  Council  it  belongs.  L. 

Divining  Rod  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  350.  400.). — Your 
correspondents  do  not  tell  us  what  was  discovered 
in  the  places  to  which  the  rod  pointed  in  the 
hands  of  the  ladies  named ;  but  although  they 
cannot  for  a  moment  be  suspected  of  wilfully 
deceiving,  may  there  not  have  been,  as  in  table- 
turning,  an  unconscious  employment  of  muscular 
force?  I  have  long  since  read,  and  have  tried 
with  success,  the  following  mode  of  producing  the 
effect :  —  Holding  the  rod  in  the  usual  position, 
one  branch  of  the  fork  in  each  hand,  and  grasping 
them  firmly,  turn  your  hands  slowly  and  steadily 
round  inwards,  i.  e.  the  right  hand  from  the  right 
to  left,  and  the  left  from  left  to  right — the  point 
of  the  rod  will  then  gradually  descend  till  it  points 
directly  downwards.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Orange  Blossoms  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  341.).  —  The 
compliment  of  Captain  Absolute  to  Mrs.  Mala- 
prop  in  The  Rivals,  contains,  I  have  no  doubt,  the 
allegorical  reason  of  the  employment  of  these 
flowers  on  bridal  occasions  ;  and  in  that  view  they^ 
seem  highly  appropriate,  at  least  in  our  colder' 
climates  —  where  we  often  see  many  "flowers" 
still  on  the  parent  stem,  while  the  "fruit"  has 
attained  its  full  perfection.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

"  Hip,  Up,  hurrah r  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  88.  323- 
605.).  —  Allow  me  to  correct  two  mistakes  with 
reference  to  the  notes  on  this  subject.  The  note 
ascribed  to  Dr.  Burney,  in  a  copy  of  Hawkins's 
History  of  Music,  in  the  British  Museum,  is  in 
the  handwriting  of  Sir  John  Hawkins,  as  are  all 
the  other  notes  scattered  through  the  five  volumes. 
These  MS.  notes  have  been  included  in  the  recent 
reprint  of  this  valuable  work.  In  the  hurry  of 


transcribing,  Mr.  Chappell  (as  your  correspondent 
A.  F.  B.  suggests)  misread  the  MS.  note.  In 
future  we  must  read  "  hop  drinkers,"  and  not 
"  hep  drinkers."  EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 

Belgium  Ecclesiastical  Antiquities  (Vol.  vii., 
p.  65.).  —  The  inquiry  of  AJAX  has  only  been  re- 
cently brought  under  my  notice.  In  reply,  I  refer 
him  to  Recueil  Heraldique  et  Historique  des  Families 
de  Belgique.  This  is  the  finest  work  on  the  antiqui- 
ties, civil,  military,  and  ecclesiastic,  of  that  country : 
it*  was  printed  at  Antwerp  by  Rapell  fils,  and  is 
in  five  large  4to.  volumes.  I  saw  a  copy  sold  in 
Malines  for  about  3/. :  it  is  now  become  more 
scarce,  and  probably  could  not  be  obtained  under 
41.  HENRY  DAVENEY. 


NOTES   ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

The  Faussett  Collection  has,  as  our  readers  are  pro- 
bably aware,  become  the  property  not  of  the  public, 
but  of  a  private  individual,  Mr.  Joseph  Mayer,  F.S.A., 
of  Liverpool,  who,  with  praiseworthy  liberality,  has 
resolved  to  make  the  Collection  as  useful  as  possible 
to  the  public.  He  has  therefore  determined  to  pub- 
lish, under  thei  title  of  Saxon  Antiquities  from  the 
Kentish  Tumuli,  Mr.  Faussett's  copious  MS.  accounts 
of  the  opening  of  the  Barrows,  and  of  the  discoveries 
made  in  them  ;  accompanied  by  numerous  illustrations 
of  the  more  important  objects  themselves,  especially  of 
the  world-renowned  Gold  Brooches,  which  exhibit 
such  exquisite  specimens  of  the  artistic  skill  of  our 
ancestors.  The  work  will  appear  under  the  editorship 
of  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith,  who  will  illustrate  Mr. 
Faussett's  discoveries  by  the  results  of  kindred  inves- 
tigations in  France  and  Germany.  The  subscription 
price  is  Two  Guineas,  and  the  number  of  copies  will, 
as  far  as  possible,  be  regulated  by  the  list  of  sub- 
scribers. 

A  few  months  since  The  Athenceum  announced  the 
discovery  at  Lambeth,  some  time  previously,  of  a 
number  of  documents  of  the  Cromwellian  period. 
This  announcement  attracted  the  attention  of  some 
French  literary  man,  probably  M.  Guizot,  who  appears 
to  have  made  some  inquiries  on  the  subject,  which  re- 
sulted in  a  paragraph  in  the  Journal  des  Debuts,  not, 
indeed,  contradicting  the  fact  of  the  discovery,  but 
denying  its  importance.  Can  any  of  our  readers  throw 
light  upon  this  matter  ?  Had  our  valued  corre- 
spondent DR.  MAITLAND  still  held  office  at  Lambeth, 
there  would  probably  not  have  been  any  doubt  left  as 
to  the  value  or  worthlessness  of  any  MSS.  discovered 
under  the  archiepiscopal  roof,  —  albeit,  found  as  we 
have  understood  these  to  have  been,  not  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  librarian,  or,  indeed,  of  any  of  the  officials, 
but  in  some  out-of-the-way  tower.  Have  these  docu- 
ments been  examined  ?  If  so,  what  are  they  ?  If  not, 
why  does  not  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  send  a  de- 
putation to  the  archbishop,  and  request  his  permission 
to  undertake  the  task.  Probably  their  labour  would 


APRIL  22.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


387 


not  be  thrown  away.  At  all  events,  the  doubt  which 
now  exists,  whether  valuable  but  unused  materials  for 
a  most  important  period  of  our  history  may  not  be 
mouldering  at  Lambeth,  would  be  removed  ;  and 
future  Carlyles  be  spared  useless  journeys  and  wasted 
hours  to  rediscover  them. 

A  publishing  Society,  somewhat  similar  to  the 
Camden,  has  been  established  in  the  United  States, 
under  the  title  of  The  Seventy-six  Society,  for  the 
publication  and  republication  of  books  and  papers 
relating  to  the  American  Revolution. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Gibbon's  Rome,  with  Variorum 
Notes,  Vol.  III.,  Bohn's  British  Classics.  The  third 
volume  of  this  cheap  and  excellent  reprint  of  Gibbon 
extends  from  Julian's  expedition  against  the  Persians 
to  the  accession  of  Marcian.  • —  The  Book  of  the  Axe,  con- 
taining a  Piscatorial  Description  of  that  Stream,  §r.,  by 
George  P.  R.  Pulman.  A  pleasant  semi-piscatorial, 
semi-antiquarian,  gossiping  volume,  welcome  at  this 
season,  when  the  May-fly  is  looked  for  on  the  waters  ; 
illustrative  of  the  fishing  spots  and  historical  localities 

of  the  far-famed  Axe Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered, 

translated  into  English  Spenserian  ;  with  a  Life  of  the 
Author,  by  J.  H.  Wiffen,  the  new  volume  of  Bohn's 
Illustrated  Library,  forms  a  fitting  companion  to  Wright's 
Dante,  so  recently  noticed  by  us. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED  TO  PURCHASE. 

LINGARD'S  ENGLAND.    Foolscap  8vo.    1844.    Vols.  I.  to  V.,  and 

X.  and  XI. 
THE  WORKS  OF  DR.  JONATHAN  SWIFT.     London,  printed  for 

C.  Bathurst,  in   Fleet  Street,   1768.      Vol.   VII.       (Vol.  VI. 

ending  with  "  Verses  on  the  Death  of  Dr.  Swift,"  written  in 

Nov.  1731.) 

BYRON'S  WORKS.    Vol.  VI.  of  Murray's  Edition.    J829. 
The  Volume  of  the  LONDON   POLYGLOTT  which  contains  the 

Prophets.    Imperfection  in  other  parts  of  no  consequence. 
CARLISLE  ON  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS. 
THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.  London,  1828.  12mo.  Two  copies. 

%*  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "  NOTES  AND 
QUERIES,"  186.  Fleet  Street. 


Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

ANCIENT    COMMERCE    OF    HINDOSTAN,    forming    Vol.  VII.    of 
"  Maurice's  Indian  Antiquities,  1796." 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  H.  Allan,  B.-Casterton,  Stamford. 


BISHOP  O'BRIEN'S  TEN  SERMONS  ON  JUSTIFICATION. 

Wanted  by  Lieut.  Bruce,  Royal  Horse  Artillery,  Chatham.     ' 

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Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols,  25.  Parliament  Street. 


PLANS  OR  MAPS  OF  ANCIENT  LONDON,  and  Representations  of 
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Wanted  by  Mr.  Joseph  Simpson,  Librarian,  Literary  and 
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ta 


We  must  beg  the  indulgence  of  many  Correspondents  for  omit- 
ting to  reply  to  them  this  holiday  week. 

H.  B.  C.'s  paper,  Impossibilities  of  History,  in  our  next. 

T.  L.  N.  For  the  authorship  of  the  Latin  verse  on  Dr.  Franklin, 
see  our  5th  Volume,  pp.  17.  140.  549.  571  .  ;  and  Vol.  vi.,  p.  88. 

J—  a.,  THE  EDITOR,  and  another  Correspondent.    No. 

M.  W.  Try  a  weaker  solution  of  pyrogallic  ;  that  is,  make  the 
ordinary  3-grain  to  the  ounce  solution,  and  use  one-third  of  that 
and  one-third  of  plain  water,  and  the  results  will  probably  be  what 
you  desire.  The  bath  will  keep  for  a  long  time,  if  kept  free  from 
'dust,  $c. 

The  extent  which  Photography  occupies  in  our  present  Number 
trill,  we  are  sure,  excuse  us,  in  the  eyes  of  several  Correspondents, 
for  the  omission  of  their  communications. 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
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388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  234. 


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tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. ;  Boxes,  2s.  6d.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street;; 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork;  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street;  PROUT,  228. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies' Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
x>x  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
nents,  are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 
J.  W.  &.  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


DENNETT'S       MODEL 

D  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  i.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
ilver  Cases,  m  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
11  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
"ACTORY,  65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
Condon-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
uineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
•ases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
'ases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
hronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
uineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
0  guineas  ;  Silver.  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
kilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
uaranteed.  Barometers,  2J..3Z.,  and  4/.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
rdnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


SURPLICES. 

GILBERT  J.  FRENCH,  Bolton, 
Lancashire,  has  prepared  his  usual  large 
EASTER  SURPLICES'  in  Anticipation  of 


PARCELS  delivered  FREE  at  Railway 
Stations. 


PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 


, 

Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted.. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  professio 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearir 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  - 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instrument 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  fine- 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  J§lew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  II.  F.  Hass£, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  LefHer.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry, H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell' 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright/'  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


A  LLSOPFS  PALE  or  BITTER 

±\.  ALE.  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  thev 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on- Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments  : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE  , 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
'ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
an  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


TTEAL     &     SON'S     SPRING 

LT  MATTRESSES.  — The  most  durable 
Bedding  is  a  well-made  SPRING  MAT- 
TRESS ;  it  retains  its  elasticity,  and  will  wear 
onger  without  repair  lhan  any  other  mattress, 
nd  with  one  French  Wool  and  Hair  Mattress 
n  it  is  a  most  luxurious  Bed.  HEAL  &  SON 
nake  them 'in  three  varieties.  For  prices  of 
ic  different  sizes  and  qualities,  apply  for 
IEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATA- 
OGUE  OF  BEDSTEADS,  and  priced  LIST 
F  BEDDING.  It  contains  designs  and 
rices  of  upwards  of  100  Bedsteads,  and  prices 
F  every  description  of  Bedding,  and  is  sent 
ree  by  Post. 

HEAL  &  SON,  196.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


Print. 
St.  I 
City 


Tn 


the  Parish  of  St"  Mary'  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 

*  the  Parish  of  st-  Dunstan  in  the  wegt)  in  thc 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  235.] 


SATURDAY,  APRIL  29.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  5<7. 


CONTENTS. 

Page 

Curious  Old  Pamphlet  -  -  -  391 

Errata  in  Printed  Bibles  -  -  -  391 

Impossibilities  of  History-  -  -  392 

Unregistered  Proverbs,  by  C.  Mansfield 

Intrleby  -  -  -  -  -  392 

Mr.  Justice  Talfourd,  by  H.  M.  Bealby 

and  T.  J.  Buckton  -  -  -  393 

The  Screw  Propeller  -  394 
Ancient  Chattel-Property  in  Ireland,  by 

James  F.  Ferguson  -  394 

Bishop  Atterbury  -  -  -  -  395 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  "  Milton  Blind  "  — 
Hydropathy— Cassie  — The  Duke  of 
Wellington  —  Romford  Jury— Edward 
Law  (Lord  Ellenborough),  Chief  Jus- 
tice —  Chamisso  —  Dates  of  Maps  — 
Walton— Whittington's  Stone  on  High- 
gate  Hill-Turkey  and  France  -  -  395 

'QUERIES  :  — 

A  Female  Aide-Major      -          -          -    397 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  "  Chintz  Gowns  "  — 
"  Noctes  Ambrosianaj  " —  B.  Simmons 
—Green  Stockings— Nicholas  Kieten— 
Warwickshire  Badge  —  Armorial  — 
Lord  Brougham  and  Home  Tooke  — 
RileysofForest  Hill-Fish  "Lavidian" 
" Poeta  nascitur,  non  fit" —  John 
Wesley  and  the  Duke  of  Wellington— 
Haviland  —  Byron  —  Rutabaga  —  A 
Medal  _  The  Black  Cap  -The  Abori- 
ginal Britons  ....  397 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  : — 
"  Gossip  "-Humphry  Repton-"  Oriel" 
— "  Orchard"— "  Peckwater  "—Richard 
III.  — Binding  of  old  Books  — Vessel 
of  Paper  -  -  -  -  -  399 

REPLIES  :  — 

King  James's  Irish  Army  List,  1689,  by 

John  D'Alton       -  -  -  -    401 

Quotations  Wanted,  by  G.  Taylor,  &c.  402 
Oaths,  by  James  F.  Ferguson,  &c.  -  402 

Remunerationof  Authors,  by  Alexander 

Andrews    -----    404 
Occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  by  the  Rev. 
W.  Sparrow  Simpson,  &c.         -          -    404 

PHOTOGRAPHIC       CORRESPONDENCE  :    

Photographic  Query — Improvement  in 
Collodion— Printing  Positives— Photo- 
graphic Excursions  -  406 

REPLIES    TO    MINOR    QUERIES  :  "  To 

Garble"—"  Lyra  Apostolica"— John 
Bale,  Bishop  of  Ossory —  Burial  in  an 
erect  Posture  —  "  Carronade  "  —  "  Lar- 
gc-ssc  "  _  Precious  Stones  —  "  A  Pinch 
of  Snuff"  _  Darwin  on  Steam  —  Gale 
of  Kent  — Cobb  Family  —  "  Aches"  — 
"Meols"— Polygamy— Wafers  -  407 

MISCELLANEOUS  : — 

Notes  on  Books,  &c.         -  -          -    410 

nd  Odd  Volumes  Wanted         -    410 

•ftouc«.'!>  to  Correspondents  -          -    411 


VOL.  IX.— No.  235. 


HTHE     GARDENERS'    CHRO- 

JL     NICLE       AND       AGRICULTURAL 
GAZETTE. 

In  consequence  of  the  Advertisement  Duty 
having  been  taken  off,  the  customary  charges 
for  Advertisements  in  "  The  Gardeners'  Chro- 
nicle and  Agricultural  GazetU"  have  been 
reduced. 

Advertisements  appear  in  both  Editions 
without  extra  charge. 

Space  of  Four  lines  and  under  (body   s.  d. 

type) 26 

Each  additional  line  up  to  Twenty       -    0    6 

From  the  Official  Stamp  Returns  published 
April  5, 1854,  it  appears  that  during  the  three 
preceding  years,  1851, 1852,  and  1853,  the  Stamps 
supplied  to  each  of  the  undermentioned 
Journals  gave  them  an  average  sale  of — 

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    AND 

AGRICULTURAL  GAZETTE         -  6277 

Era -  5500 

Wesleyan  Times     -  5094 

Magnet          -----  4705 

Examiner      -           ....  4694 

Mark  Lane  Express            -  4500 

fveningMail           -  4488 

ield 4409 

Morning  Herald      -  4021 

Daily  News 3910 

Guardian       -  3904 

Economist     -----  3837 

British  Banner         -          ...  3798 

Record            -  "3736 

Watchman    -----  3681 

Nonconformist         -  2987 

Spejtator       -  2856 

St.  James's  Chronicle         -  2844 

Morning  Post            -  2652 

Sun      ------  2539 

Morning  Chronicle  -          -  2364 

Britannia      -----  2329 

Express          -----  2235 

Leader           -          -          -          -          -  2140 

Herapath's  Journal            -  2066 

John  Bull      -----  2020 

Globe-           -----  1926 

Weekly  News          -  1709 

United  Service  Gazette       -          -          -  1708 

Railway  Times        -  1641 

Atlas -  1479 

Standard        -           -           -           -           -  1456 

Naval  and  Military  Gazette         -          -  1313 

Patriot            -           -           -           -           -  1304 

Gardeners'  and  Farmers'  Journal           -  7S2 

OFFICE  FOR  ADVERTISEMENTS  AND 
COMMUNICATIONS, 

5.  Upper  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
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the  REV.   JAMES  MORTON,   B.D.,   Pre- 
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price  5s., 

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CHARD,  M.R.I. 

Also,  in  8vo.,  pp.  720,  plates  24,  price  21s.,  or 
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RIAL ANIMALCULES,  Living  and  Fossil, 
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London  :  WHITTAKER  &  CO.,  Ave  Maria 
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published,  price  5s. 

IIORNE,  TIIORNTTIWAITE  &  WOOD, 
123.  Newgate  Street,  London. 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


nPHE  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

To.  CLXXXVIII.,  is  published  THIS 


CONTENTS : 
I.  LAURENCE  STERNE. 
II.  SACRED  GEOGRAPUY. 

III.  THE  WHIG  PARTY. 

IV.  THE  RUSSIAN  EMPIRE. 
V.  CRIMINAL  LAW  DIGEST. 

VI.  THE  TURKS  AND  THE  GREEKS. 
VII.  TREASURES     OF    ART    IN    BRI- 

Vni.  NITVV^REFORM  BILL. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Now  ready,  No.  VI.,  2s.  Gd.,  published 
Quarterly. 

1DETROSPECTIVE    REVIEW 

JLl)  (New  Series) ;  consisting  of  Criticisms 
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Useful,  Valuable,  and  Scarce  Old  Books. 

Vol.  I.,  8voM  pp.  436,  cloth  10s.  &d.,  is  also 
ready. 

JOHN  RUSSELL  SMITH,  36.  Soho  Square, 
London. 


-\TORTH   BRITISH   REVIEW. 

JJI  No.  XLI.    MAY.    Price  6s. 

CONTENTS. 

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II.  BRITISH     AND     CONTINENTAL 

CHARACTERISTICS. 
HI.  THE    UNION    WITH    ENGLAND 
AND  SCOTTISH  NATIONALITY. 
IV.  CHRISTIANITY  IN  THE  SECOND 
CENTURY,   AND    THE    CHRIS- 
TIAN EVIDENCES. 
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VI.  RUSKIN    AND    ARCHITECTURE, 
PAST.  PRESENT,  AND  FUTURE. 
VII.  PROFESSOR    FORBES    AND    MR. 

LLOYD  IN  SCANDINAVIA. 
VIH.  AUGUSTE     COMTE     AND    POSI- 
TIVISM. 

Edinburgh  :  W.  P.  KENNEDY.  London  : 
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A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

Jt\_  ALE.  MESSRS.  8.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-r 
tioned  Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Cramnton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Br 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  tt 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATI 
FAMILIES  that  th*ir  ALES,  so  strong 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  m. 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLI 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT 
.ABLE  LICENSED  VICTUALLERS, 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  speciall 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  In 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLbOI 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


391 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  29,  1854. 


CURIOUS  OLD  PAMPHLET. 

Grubbing  among  old  pamphlets,  the  following 
has  turned  up  : 

"  A  Fragment  of  an  Essay  towards  the  most  ancient 
Histories  of  .the  Old  and  New  Worlds,  connected. 
Intended  to  be  carried  on  in  four  Parts  or  JEras.  That 
is,  from  the  Creation  of  all  Things  to  the  Time  of  the 
Deluge :  thence  to  the  Birth  of  Abraham  :  from  that 
Period  to  the  Descent  of  Jacob  and  his  Family  into 
Egypt :  and,  lastly,  to  the  Time  of  the  Birth  of  Moses. 
Attempted  to  be  executed  in  Blank  Verse,  8vo.  pp.  59. 
Printed  in  the  year  1765." 

This  Miltonic  rhapsody  supposes  Adam,  when 
verging  on  his  nine  hundreth  year,  to  have  assem- 
bled his  descendants  to  a  kind  of  jubilee,  when  sacri- 
fices, and  other  antediluvian  solemnities,  being  ob- 
served, "Seth,  the  pious  son  of  his  comfort,  gravely 
arose,  and,  after  due  obedience  to  the  first  of  men, 
humbly  beseeched  the  favour  to  have  their  memo- 
ries refreshed  by  a  short  history  of  the  marvellous 
things  in  the  beginning."  Then  Adam  thus  : — 
Hereupon  the  anonymous  author  puts  into  the 
mouth  of  the  great  progenitor  of  the  human  race 
a  history  of  the  Creation,  in  blank  verse,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  Mosaic  and  orthodox  account. 
Concluding  his  revelations  without  reference  to 
the  Fall,  Seth  would  interrogate  their  aged  sire 
upon  what  followed  thence,  when  Adam  excuses 
himself  from  the  painful  recital  by  predicting  the 
special  advent  in  after  times  of  a  mind  equal  to 
that  task  : 

"  But  of  this  Fall,  this  heart-felt,  deep-felt  lapse, 
This  Paradise  thus  lost,  no  mortal  man 
Shall  sing  which  lives  on  earth. 

Far  distant  hence 

In  farther  distant  times,  fair  Liberty 
Shall  reign,  queen  of  the  Seas,  and  lady  of 
The  Isles ;  nay,  sovereign  of  the  world's  repose. 
And  Peace ! 

In  her  a  mighty  genius  shall 
Arise,  of  high  ethereal  mould,  great  in 
Renown,  sublime,  superior  far  to  praise 
Of  sublunary  man — or  Fame  herself. 

Though  blind  to  all  things  here  on  earth  below, 
The  heav'ns  of  heav'ns  themselves  shall  he  explore, 
And  soar  on  high  with  strong,  with  outstretched 

wings  ! 

There  sing  of  marvels  not  to  be  conceived, 
Express'd,  or  thought  by  any  but  himself!" 

This  curious  production  is  avowedly  from  the 
other  side  of  the  Tweed,  and  I  would  ask  if  its 
paternity  is  known  to  any  of  your  antiquarian 
correspondents  there  or  here. 

The  Fragment  is  preceded  by  a  very  remarkable 
Preface,  containing  "  some  reasons  why  this  little 


piece  has  thus  been  thrown  off  in  such  a  loose  and 
disorderly  manner;"  among  which  figure  the  de- 
sire "to  disperse  a  parcel  of  them  gratis, — because  • 
they  are,  perhaps,  worth  nothing  ;  that  nobody  may 
pay  for  his  folly  but  himself ;  that,  if  his  Fragment 
is  damned,  which  it  probably  may  be,  he  will 
thenceforth  drop  any  farther  correspondence  with 
Adam,  Noah,  Abraham,  &c. ;  and,  lastly,  that  he 
may  be  benefited  by  the  criticisms  upon  its  faults 
and  failings,  while  he  himself  lurks  cunningly  be- 
hind the  curtain.  But  if,  after  all,"  says  the  facetious 
author,  "  this  little  northern  urchin  shall  chance  to 
spring  forward  under  the  influence  of  a  more 
southern  and  warmer  sun,  the  author  will  then  en- 
deavour to  bring  his  goods  to  market  as  plump, 
fresh,  and  fair  as  the  soil  will  admit." 

I  presume,  however,  the  public  did  not  call  for 
any  of  the  farther  instalments  promised  in  the 
title.  J.  O. 


ERRATA   IN   PRINTED   BIBLES. 

Mr.  DTsraeli,  in  his  Curiosities  of  Literature, 
has  an  article  entitled  "  The  Pearl  Bibles  and  Six 
Thousand  Errata,"  in  which  he  gives  some  notable 
specimens  of  the  blunders  perpetrated  in  the  print- 
ing of  Bibles  in  earlier  times.  The  great  demand 
for  them  prompted  unscrupulous  persons  to  supply 
it  without  much  regard  to  carefulness  or  accuracy ; 
and,  besides,  printers  were  not  so  expert  as  at  the 
present  day. 

"The  learned  Ussher,"  Mr.  D'Israeli  tells  us,  "one 
day  hastening  to  preach  at  Paul's  Cross,  entered  the 
shop  of  one  of  the  stationers,  as  booksellers  were  then 
called,  and  inquiring  for  a  Bible  of  the  London  edition, 
when  he  came  to  look  for  his  text,  to  his  astonishment 
and  his  horror  he  discovered  that  the  verse  was  omitted 
in  the  Bible  !  This  gave  the  first  occasion  of  complaint 
to  the  king,  of  the  insufferable  negligence  and  in- 
capacity of  the  London  press  ;  and  first  bred  that  great 
contest  which  followed  between  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge and  the  London  stationers,  about  the  right  of 
printing  Bibles." 

Even  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  and  in  the 
time  of  the  Commonwealth,  the  manufacture  of 
spurious  Bibles  was  carried  on  to  an  alarming  ex- 
tent. English  Bibles  were  fabricated  in  Holland 
for  cheapness,  without  any  regard  to  accuracy. 
Twelve  thousand  of  these  (12mo.)  Bibles,  with 
notes,  were  seized  by  the  King's  printers  as  being 
contrary  to  the  statute  ;  and  a  large  impression  of 
these  Dutch-English  Bibles  were  burned,  by  order 
of  the  Assembly  of  Divines,  for  certain  errors. 
The  Pearl  (24mo.)  Bible,  printed  by  Field,  in  1653, 
contains  some  scandalous  blunders; — for  instance, 
Romans,  vi.  13. :  "  Neither  yield  ye  your  members 
as  instruments  of  righteousness  unto  sin"  —  for  un- 
righteousness- 1  Cor.  vi.  9. :  "  Know  ye  not  that 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  235. 


the  unrighteous  shall  inherit  the  kingdom  of  God  ?" 
—  for  shall  not  inherit. 

The  printer  of  Miles  Coverdale's  Bible,  which 
was  finished  in  1535,  and  of  which  only  two  perfect 
copies,  I  believe,  are  known  to  exist — one  in  the 
British  Museum,  the  other  in  the  library  of  the 
Earl  of  Jersey  —  deserves  some  commendation  for 
his  accuracy.  At  the  end  of  the  New  Testament 
is  the  following  solitary  erratum  : 

"  A  faute  escaped  in  pryntyng  the  New  Testament. 
Upon  the  fourth  leafe,  the  first  syde  in  the  sixth  chapter 
of  S.  Mathew,  «  Seke  ye  first  the  kingdome  of  heaven,' 
read,  '  Seke  ye  first  the  kingdome  of  God.' " 

ABHBA. 


IMPOSSIBILITIES    OF    HISTORY. 

"  That  unworthy  hand." 

I  am  not  aware  that  the  fact  of  Cranmer's  hold- 
ing his  right  hand  in  the  flames  till  it  was  con- 
sumed has  been  questioned.  Fox  says : 

"  He  stretched  forth  his  right  hand  into  the  flames, 
and  there  held  it  so  stedfast  that  all  the  people  might 
see  it  burnt  to  a  coal  hefore  his  body  was  touched."  — 
P.  927.:  ed.  Milner,  London,  1837,  8vo. 

Or,  as  the  passage  is  given  in  the  last  edition,  — 

"  And  when  the  wood  was  kindled,  and  the  fire  be- 
gan to  burn  near  him,  he  put  his  right  hand  into  the 
flame,  which  he  held  so  stedfast  and  immovable  (saving 
that  once  with  the  same  hand  he  wiped  his  face),  that 
all  men  might  see  his  hand  burned  before  his  body  was 
touched."  —  Acts  and  Monuments,  ed.  1839,  vol.  viii. 
p.  90. 

Burnet  is  more  circumstantial : 

"  When  he  came  to  the  stake  he  prayed,  and  then 
undressed  himself  :  and  being  tied  to  it,  as  the  fire  was 
kindling,  he  stretched  forth  his  right  hand  towards 
the  flame,  never  moving  it,  save  that  once  he  wiped  his 
face  with  it,  till  it  was  burnt  away,  which  was  con- 
sumed before  the  fire  reached  his  body.  He  expressed 
no  disorder  from  the  pain  he  was  in  ;  sometimes  say- 
ing, «  That  unworthy  hand  ; '  and  oft  crying  out,  «  Lord 
Jesus,  receive  my  spirit.'  He  was  soon  after  quite 
burnt."  —  Hist,  of  the  Reformation,  vol.  iii.  p.  429.,  ed. 
1825. 

Hume  says : 

"  He  stretched  out  his  hand,  and,  without  betraying 
either  by  his  countenance  or  motions  the  least  sign  of 
weakness,  or  even  feeling,  he  held  it  in  the  flames  till 
it  was  entirely  consumed."  —  Hume,  vol.  iv.  p.  476. 

It  is  probable  that  Hume  believed  this,  for 
while  Burnet  states  positively  as  a  fact,  though 
only  inferentially  as  a  miracle,  that  "the  heart 
was  found  entire  and  unconsumed  among  the 
ashes,"  Hume  says,  "it  was  pretended  that  his 
heart,"  &c. 

I  am  not  about  to  discuss  the  character  of  Cran- 
mer  :  a  timid  man  might  have  been  roused  under 


such  circumstances  into  attempting  to  do  what  it 
is  said  he  did.  The  laws  of  physiology  and  com- 
bustion show  that  he  could  not  have  gone  beyond 
the  attempt.  If  a  furnace  were  so  constructed, 
that  a  man  might  hold  his  hand  in  the  flame  without 
burning  his  body,  the  shock  to  the  nervous  system 
would  deprive  him  of  all  command  over  muscular 
action  before  the  skin  could  be  "  entirely  con- 
sumed." If  the  hand  were  chained  over  the  fire, 
the  shock  would  produce  death. 

In  this  case  the  fire  was  unconfined.  Whoever 
has  seen  the  effect  of  flame  in  the  open  air,  must 
know  that  the  vast  quantity  sufficient  entirely  to 
consume  a  human  hand,  must  have  destroyed  the 
life  of  its  owner ;  though,  from  a  peculiar  dispo- 
sition of  the  wood,  the  vital  parts  might  have  been 
protected. 

The  entire  story  is  utterly  impossible.  May  we, 
guided  by  the  words  "  as  the  fire  was  kindling," 
believe  that  he  then  thrust  his  right  hand  into  the 
flame — a  practice  I  believe  not  unusual  with  our 
martyrs,  and  peculiarly  suitable  to  him  —  and  class 
the  "holding  it  till  consumed"  with  the  whole  and 
unconsumed  heart  ? 

I  may  observe  that  in  the  accounts  of  martyrdoms 
little  investigation  was  made  as  to  what  was  pos- 
sible. Burnet,  describing  Hooper's  execution, 
says,  "  one  of  his  hands  fell  off  before  he  died,  with 
the  other  he  continued  to  knock  on  his  breast 
some  time  after."  This,  I  have  high  medical 
authority  for  saying,  could  not  be.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 


UNREGISTERED    PROVERBS. 

In  Mr.  Trench's  charming  little  book  on  Pro- 
verbs, 2nd  ed.,  p.  31.,  he  remarks  : 

"  There  are  not  a  few  (proverbs),  as  I  imagine, 
which,  living  on  the  lips  of  men,  have  yet  never  found 
their  way  into  books,  however  worthy  to  have  done  so ; 
either  because  the  sphere  in  which  they  circulate  has 
continued  always  a  narrow  one,  or  that  the  occasions 
which  call  them  out  are  very  rare,  or  that  they,  having 
only  lately  risen  up,  have  not  hitherto  attracted  the 
attention  of  any  one  who  cared  to  record  them.  It 
would  be  well,  if  such  as  take  an  interest  in  the  sub- 
ject, and  are  sufficiently  well  versed  in  the  proverbial 
literature  of  their  own  country  to  recognise  such  un- 
registered proverbs  when  they  meet  them,  would  secure 
them  from  that  perishing,  which,  so  long  as  they 
remain  merely  oral,  might  easily  overtake  them  ;  and 
would  make  them  at  the  same  time,  what  all  good  pro- 
verbs ought  certainly  to  be,  the  common  heritage  of 
all." 

"  Note.  —  The  pages  of  the  excellent  Notes  and 
Queries  would  no  doubt  be  open  to  receive  such,  and 
in  them  they  might  be  safely  garnered  up,"  &c. 

I  trust  this  appeal  of  Mr.  Trench's  will  be  at 
once  responded  to  by  both  the  editor  and  corre- 
spondents of  this  periodical.  With  the  former 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


must  rest  the  responsibility  of  withholding  from 
reproduction  any  proverbs,  which  though  sent 
him  as  novelties,  may  be  already  registered  in  the 
recognised  collections. 

Mr.  Trench's  first  contribution  to  this  bouquet 
of  the  wild  flowers  of  proverbial  lore  is  the  fol- 
lowing, from  Ireland : 

'"  The  man  on  the  dyke  always  hurls  welV  The 
looker  on,"  says  Mr.  Trench  in  explanation,  "at  a 
game  of  hurling,  seated  indolently  on  the  wall,  always 
imagines  that  he  could  improve  on  the  strokes  of  the 
actual  players,  and  if  you  will  listen  to  him,  would 
have  played  the  game  much  better  than  they  ;  a  pro- 
verb of  sufficiently  wide  application."  —  P.  32. 

Each  proverb  sent  in  should  be  accompanied 
with  a  statement  of  the  class  among  whom,  or  the 
locality  in  which,  it  is  current.  The  index  to 
"  N._  &  Q."  should  contain  a  reference  to  every 
proverb  published  in  its  pages,  under  the  head  of 
Unregistered  Proverbs,  or  Proverbs  only.  Cor- 
respondents should  bear  in  mind  the  essential 
requisite  of  a  proverb,  currency.  Curt,  sharp 
sayings  might  easily  be  multiplied  ;  what  is  wanted, 
however,  is  a  collection  of  such  only  as  have  that 
prerequisite  of  admission  into  the  ranks  of  recog- 
nised proverbs.  And  while  contributors  should 
not  lose  sight  of  "  the  stamp  of  merit,"  as  that 
•which  renders  the  diffusion  of  proverbs  beneficial 
to  mankind,  still  they  should  not  reject  a  genuine 
proverb  for  want  of  that  characteristic,  remem- 
bering that,  — 

u  'Tween  man  and  man,  they  weight  not  every  stamp  ; 
Though  light,  take  pieces  for  t\\Q  figure's  sake," 

And  that  the  mere  form  of  a  proverb  often  affords 
some  indication  of  its  age  and  climate,  even  where 
the  matter  is  spurious.  I  have  a  large  MS.  col- 
lection of  English  proverbs  by  me,  from  which  I 
doubt  not  I  shall  be  able  to  extract  some  few 
which  have  never  yet  been  admitted  into  any  pub- 
lished collection.  Of  these  at  some  future  time. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 
Birmingham. 

[We  shall  be  happy  to  do  all  in  our  power  to  carry 
out  this  very  excellent  suggestion.  —  ED.  «'  N.  &  Q."] 


MR.  JUSTICE  TALFOURD. 


The  noble  sentiments  uttered  by  Justice  Tal- 
fourd  in  his  last  moments  gave  a  charm  to  his 
sudden  death,  and  shed  a  hallowed  beauty  about 
the  painfully  closing  scenes  of  this  great  man.  I 
•want  them  to  have  a  niche  in  "  N".  &  Q.,"  and 
along  with  them  a  passage  from  his  beautiful 
tragedy  of  Ion,  which  may  be  considered  as  a 
transcript  of  those  thoughts  which  filled  his  mind 
on  the  very  eve  of  quitting  the  high  and  honourable 


duties  of  his  earthly  course.  It  forcibly  illustrates 
the  loving  soul,  the  kind  heart,  and  the  amiable 
character  of  this  deeply  lamented  judge. 

After  speaking  of  the  peculiar  aspect  of  crime 
in  that  part  of  the  country  where  he  delivered  his 
last  charge,  he  goes  on  to  say  : 

"  I  cannot  help  myself  thinking  it  maybe  in  no  small 
degree  attributable  to  that  separation  between  class  and 
class,  which  is  the  great  curse  of  British  society,  and 
for  which  we  are  all,  more  or  less,  in  our  respective 
spheres,  in  some  degree  responsible,  and  which  is  more 
complete  in  these  districts  than  in  agricultural  districts, 
where  the  resident  gentry  are  enabled  to  shed  around 
them  the  blessings  resulting  from  the  exercise  of  bene- 
volence, and  the  influence  and  example  of  active  kind- 
ness. I  am  afraid  we  all  of  us  keep  too  much  aloof 
from  those  beneath  us,  and  whom  we  thus  encourage 
to  look  upon  us  with  suspicion  and  dislike.  Even  to 
our  servants  we  think,  perhaps,  we  fulfil  our  duty  when 
we  perform  our  contract  with  them — when  we  pay  them 
their  wages,  and  treat  them  with  the  civility  consistent 
with  our  habits  and  feelings — when  we  curb  our  temper, 
and  use  no  violent  expressions  towards  them.  But 
how  painful  is  the  thought,  that  there  are  men  and 
women  growing  up  around  us,  ministering  to  our  com- 
forts and  necessities,  continually  inmates  of  our  dwell- 
ings, with  whose  affections  and  nature  we  are  as  much 
unacquainted  as  if  they  were  the  inhabitants  of  some 
other  sphere.  This  feeling,  arising  from  that  kind  of 
reserve  peculiar  to  the  English  character,  does,  I  think, 
greatly  tend  to  prevent  that  mingling  of  class  with  class, 
that  reciprocation  of  kind  words  and  gentle  affections, 
gracious  admonitions  and  kind  inquiries,  which  often, 
more  than  any  book-education,  tend  to  the  culture  of 
the  affections  of  the  heart,  refinement  and  elevation  of 
the  character  of  those  to  whom  they  are  addressed. 
And  if  I  were  to  be  asked  what  is  the  great  want  of 
English  society — to  mingle  class  with  class — I  would 
say,  in  one  word,  the  want  is  the  want  of  sympathy." 

Act  I.  Sc.  2.  After  Clemanthe  has  told  Ion 
that,  forsaking  all  within  his  house,  and  risking  his 
life  with  strangers,  he  can  do  but  little  for  their 
aid,  Ion  replies : 

"  It  is  little  : 

But  in  these  sharp  extremities  of  fortune, 
The  blessings  which  the  weak  and  poor  can  scatter 
Have  their  own  season.     'Tis  a  little  thing 
To  give  a  cup  of  water  ;  yet  its  draught 
Of  cool  refreshment,  drain'd  by  fever'd  lips, 
May  give  a  shock  of  pleasure  to  the  frame 
More  exquisite  than  when  nectarean  juice 
Renews  the  life  of  joy  in  happiest  hours. 
It  is  a  little  thing  to  speak  a  phrase 
Of  common  comfort,  which,  by  daily  use, 
Has  almost  lost  its  sense ;  yet,  on  the  ear 
Of  him  who  thought  to  die  unmourn'd,  'twill  fall 
Like  choicest  music;  fill  the  glazing  eye 
With  gentle  tears ;  relax  the  knotted  hand 
To  know  the  honds  of  fellowship  again  ; 
And  shed  on  the  departing  soul  a  sense, 
More  precious  than  the  benison  of  friends 
About  the  honour'd  death-bed  of  the  rich, 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


To  him  who  else  were  lonely,  that  another 
Of  the  great  family  is  near  and  feels." 

The  analogy  is  as  beautiful  as  it  is  true. 

H.  M.  BEALBY. 
North  Brixton. 

Before  this  talented  judge  was  advanced  to  the 
bench,  he  amused  himself  and  instructed  his 
clients  by  occasional  metrical  notes,  of  which  the 
annexed  is  a  specimen.  To  make  it  intelligible  to 
those  whom  it  may  not  concern,  I  must  add  an 
explanation  by  the  attorney  in  the  suit,  who  has 
obligingly  placed  the  learned  Serjeant's  notes  at 
my  disposal.  This  gentleman  says  :  "These  notes 
are  in  the  margin  of  a  brief  held  by  the  serjeant 
as  leading  counsel  in  an  action  of  ejectment 
brought  against  a  person  named  Rock,  in  1842. 
In  converting  into  rhyme  the  evidence  of  the 
witness  Hopkins,  as  set  out  in  the  brief,  he  has 
adhered  strictly  to  the  statements,  whilst  he  has 
at  the  same  time  seized  the  prominent  points  of 
the  testimony  as  supporting  the  case." 

John  Hopkins  will  identify  the  spot, 
Unless  his  early  sports  are  quite  forgot, 
And  from  his  youngest  recollection  show 
The  house  fell  down  some  forty  years  ago. 
And  then  —  a  case  of  adverse  claim  to  meet, 
Show  how  the  land  lay  open  to  the  street ; 
And  there  the  children  held  their  harmless  rambles, 
Till  Robert  Woolwich  built  his  odious  shambles, 
And  never  did  the  playmates  fear  a  shock, 
From  anything  so  hateful  as  a  Rock. 

Perhaps  the  above  may  elicit  from  other 
quarters  similar  contributions ;  indeed,  any  me- 
morial of  the  friend  of  Charles  Lamb  must  be 
precious  to  the  Muse.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 


THE    SCREW    PROPELLER. 

In  1781,  when  the  steam  engine,  only  recently 
improved  by  Watt,  was  merely  applied  to  the 
more  obvious  purposes  of  mine  drainage  and  the 
like,  Darwin,  in  his  Botanic  Garden,  wrote  — 

"  Soon  shall  thy  arm,  unconquer'd  Steam  !  afar 
Drag  the  slow  barge,  or  drive  the  rapid  car." 

And  in  an  appended  note  prophecies  that  the  new 
agent  might  "  in  time  be  applied  to  the  rowing  of 
barges,  and  the  moving  of  carriages  along  the 
road."  The  ingenious  chronicler  of  the  "  loves  of 
the  plants,"  however,  was  no  doubt,  when  he  wrote, 
aware  of  the  experiments  of  D'Auxiron,  Perier, 
and  De  Jouffroy  ;  those  prosecuted  at  Dalswinton 
and  in  America  were  some  years  later,  about 
1787-8  I  think.  But  in  another  and  less  widely 
known  poem  by  the  same  author,  the  Temple  of 
Nature,  published  in  1802,  there  occurs  a  very 
complete  anticipation  of  one  of  the  most  important 


applications  of  science  to  navigation,  which  may 
prove  as  novel  and  striking  to  some  of  your 
readers  as  it  did  to  me.  It  is,  indeed,  a  remark- 
able instance  of  scientific  prevision.  In  a  note  to 
line  373,  canto  ii.  of  the  poem,  the  author  sets  out 
with,  "  The  progressive  motion  of  fish  beneath  the 
water  is  produced  principally  by  the  undulation 
of  their  tails ; "  and  after  giving  the  rationale  of 
the  process,  he  goes  on  to  say  that  "  this  power 
seems  to  be  better  adapted  to  push  forward  a 
body  in  the  water  than  the  oars  of  boats ; "  con- 
cluding with  the  query,  "  Might  not  some  ma- 
chinery resembling  the  tails  of  fish  be  placed 
behind  a  boat  so  as  to  be  moved  with  greater 
effect  than  common  oars,  by  the  force  of  wind  or 
steam  ?  "  ANON. 


ANCIENT    CHATTEL-PROPERTY    IN   IRELAND. 

The  Memoranda  Roll  of  the  Exchequer,  4  &  5 
Edward  II.,  membrane  14.,  contains  a  list  of  the 
chattel-property  of  Richard  de  Fering,  Archbishop 
of  Dublin,  which  had  been  sold  by  Master  Walter 
de  Istelep,  the  custos  of  said  See,  for  the  sum  of 
112/.  10*.  9$d.  sterling,  consisting,  amongst  other 
things,  of — 

iij  affr',  price  xrjs. 

xiij  bobus,  iiij/z.  v*. 

xlvij  acr*  warrectan'  &  rebinand'  ibidem,  Ixx*.  vjd. 

ij  carucis  cum  apparatu,  iiijs. 

v  crannoc'  frumenti  ad  semen  &  liberationes  famulorum 

ibidem  sibi  venditis  per  predictum  custodem,  xxijs. 

vjd. 

xj  crannoc',  iij  bussellis  aven',  xxxixs.  iijd. 
iij  carucis  cum  apparatu,  vjs. 

The  chattel-property  of  Sir  James  Delahyde  is 
set  forth  upon  the  Memoranda  Roll  3  &  4  Rich.  II. , 
mem.  3.  dorso,  and  is  as  follows  : 

"  Unu' collobiu' de  rubio  scarleto  duplucat'  cu  panno 
rubio,  unu'  collobiu'  duplex  de  sanguineto  et  Bukhorn', 
unu1  collobiu  duplex,  de  sanguineto  et  nigro,  unu'  gip* 
de  serico  auro  int'text  furrat'  cu  menivero,  unu'  gyp'  de 
rubio  et  nigro  furrat'  cu'  calibir',  unu'  gyp'  furrat  cu' 
grys,  unu'  paltok'  de  nigro  serico,  unu'  paltok  de  nigro 
panno,  unu'  paltok'  de  nigro  Bustian,  duo  cap'icia, 
una'  pec'  de  rubio  Wyrset,  unam  pec'  de  nigro  Wyrset, 
una'  pec'panni  linei  vocat'  Westenale,  quinq;  pec'  Aule 
pro  camera  &  Aula,  tres  curtynis  cu  uno  celuro  de  rubio 
Wyrset,  quinq;  mappas,  duas  pelves  cu  lavatorio  & 
quatuor  p'ia  secular'." 

Upon  the  attainder  of  William  Fytzhenry  of 
Dublin,  "  Capytayn,"  in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI., 
it  was  found  by  inquisition  that  he  had  "  unum 
torquem  aureum  ponder'  septem  uncias  di,"  put 
in  pledge  for  20/.,  and  worth  22Z.  sterling.  In  this 
reign  *'  quinque  vasa  vocat'  fyrkyns  de  prunis " 
each  worth  6*.  8d. ;  a  firkin  of  wine,  fis. ;  "  a  fyrkyn 
de  aceto,"  6*.  Sd. ;  "  quinque  tycks,"  worth  11s.  8d. 
each  ;  and  "duas  duodenas  cultellorum,"  worth 4*., 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


395 


were  brought  to  Dublin  from  St.  Mallow  in  Bri- 
tanny.  In  this  reign  also  200  "  grosses  arbores," 
near  Drogheda,  were  valued  at  167. ;  18  "porcos" 
-were  worth  405. ;  3  "  uiodios  frumenti "  worth 
205. ;  and  5  "  lagenas  butteri,"  20s.  During  this 
reign  a  sum  of  300Z.  was  paid  out  of  the  Treasury 
to  Sir  William  Seyntloo,  for  the  purpose  of  forti- 
fying, &c.  the  Castle  of  Dyn°jham,  called  "  The 
Governor  of  Offayley,"  of  which  sum  he  paid  to 
Matthew  Lynete,  the  Clerk  of  the  Ordnance, — 
For  the  hire  of  4  carts  from  Dublin  to  the  forte, 

28th  December,  71s.  l^d.  ster. 
3  other  carts  from  Dublin  to  the  sayd  forte,  27th  March, 

2  Edw.  VI.,  40s. 
The    carters    that    came    from    Dublin    to    the    forte, 

15th  January  and  19th  April,  2  Edw.  VI.,  for  the 

hire  of  4  cartes  by  the  space  of  6  dayes,  53*.  4d. 

In  the  6  Edward  VI.  the  goods  of  Thomas 
Rothe  of  Kilkenny,  merchant,  which  were  seized 
by  a  searcher  at  Waterford,  consisted  of  "  30 
pecias  auri  vocat'  Crussades,"  and  "  un'  wegge  ar- 
genti  ponderant1  xvj  uncias  argenti  precij  cujus- 
fibet  uncie,  4s" 

In  the  same  year  the  property  of  Andrew  Tyr- 
rell, a  merchant  of  Athboy,  consisted  of — 
Unam  fardellam   sive  paccam,  contain-  Sterling. 

ing  unam  peciam  de  lychefeldkerfeys, 

price    ------     36*. 

Unam  peciam  de  greneclothe      -         -     41. 
Di'  duoden'  pellium  vocat'  red  leese     -     3s.  4d. 

2  duoden'  de  orphell  skynnes       -         -     8s.  4d. 
6  duoden'  de  Rosell  gyrdels        -         -     12s. 
Sex  libr'  de  Brymstone       -  2s. 

3  duoden'  de  playng  cardes          -         -     10s. 
Un'  gross'  de  fyne  knyves  -  48s. 

26  libr'  cerici  voc'  sylke  -  -         -     8/.  13s.  4d. 

Un'  gross'  de  red  poynts  -                          [104s.  or  4s.] 

Un'  duoden'  de  pennars  -                          [102s.  or  2s.] 

Sex  libr'  de  bykeres  -  102s. 

1000  pynnes      -----     20d. 

Sex  rubeas  crumenas  -  -         -     2s. 

Un'  bagam  de  droggs  -  -         -     4s. 

Un'  burden'  de  stele  -                         3s. 

Sex  boxes  de  comfetts  -                          12s. 

6  duoden'  de  lokyng  glasses  -         -     1 8d. 

Un'  bolte  de  threde  -  -  -          -     2s.  8d. 

Duas  fyrkins  de  soketts  -  -         -     5s. 

Duas  duoden'  de  combes  -                         12d. 

2  Ib.  of  packethrede  -  -  -          -     6d. 

1  doz.  of  great  bells   -  -  -         -     1 6d. 

One  payre  of  ballaunce  -                          8d. 

One  piece  of  red  cloth  -  -         -     41. 

In  Queen  Mary's  time,  in  Ireland,  a  yard  of 
black  velvet  was  valued  at  20s.  sterling ;  a  yard 
of  purple-coloured  damask,  at  13s.  4d.  sterling  ; 
and  a  yard  of  tawny-coloured  damask,  at  10s. 
sterling. 

The  foregoing  have  been  taken  from  the  ancient 
records  of  the  Irish  Exchequer. 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 

Dublin. 


BISHOP    ATTERBTJET. 

I  have  observed  in  some  former  lumbers  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  that  an  interest  has  been  manifested 
in  regard  to  the  writings,  and  especially  to  the 
letters,  of  this  prelate.  It  may  therefore  be  in- 
teresting to  your  readers  to  be  informed,  that  an 
original  painting,  and  perhaps  the  only  one,  of  the 
Bishop,  is  preserved  at  Trelawny  House  in  Corn- 
wall ;  and  from  its  close  resemblance  to  the  en- 
graved portrait  which  is  found  in  his  works,  I 
have  no  doubt  it  is  that  from  which  that  likeness 
was  taken.  There  are  also  several  letters  in  the 
handwriting  of  Bishop  Atterbury  among  the 
documents  preserved  in  the  collection  at  that 
ancient  mansion.  That  this  portrait  and  the 
letters  should  be  preserved  at  Trelawny,  is  ex- 
plained by  the  fact,  that  before  his  elevation  to 
the  episcopal  bench,  Dr.  Atterbury  was  chaplain 
to  Bishop  Trelawny.  J.  C. 

Lines  by  Bishop  Atterbury  on  Mr.  Harley 
being  stabbed  by  Guiscard  : 

"  Devotum  ut  cordi  sensit  sub  pectore  ferrum, 

Immoto  Harlasus  saucius  ore  stetit. 
Dum  tamen  huic  Iseta  gratatur  voce  senatus, 

Confusus  subito  pallor  in  ore  sedet. 
O  pudor  !  O  virtus  !  partes  quam  dignus  utrasque 

Sustinuit,  vultu  dispare,  laude  pari." 

I  found  these  lines  written  on  the  back  of  an  odd 
volume  of  Atterbury's  Sermons.  Most  likely  they 
have  already  appeared  in  print.  E.  H.  A. 


"  Milton  Blind."  —  A  little  poem  bearing  this 
title,  and  commencing  — • 

"  Though  I  am  old  and  blind," 

is  said  to  have  been  included  in  an  edition  of  the 
poet's  works  recently  published  at  Oxford.  It 
was  written  by  Miss  Lloyd,  a  lady  of  this  city,  a 
short  time  ago.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Hydropathy.  —  For  a  long  time,  I  believe  in 
common  with  many  others,  I  have  imagined  that 
the  water  cure  is  of  late  origin,  and  that  we  are 
indebted  for  it  to  Germany,  to  which  we  look  for 
all  novel  quackeries  (good  and  bad)  in  medicine 
and  theology.  This  belief  was  put  to  flight  a 
short  time  ago  by  a  pamphlet  which  I  discovered 
among  others  rare  and  curious.  It  is  entitled 
Curiosities  of  Common  Water,  or  the  Advantages 
thereof  in  preventing  and  curing  many  Distempers. 
The  price  of  the  pamphlet  was  one  shilling,  and  the 
author  rejoices  in  the  name  of  John  Smith.  After 
his  name  follows  a  motto,  the  doctrine  of  which  it 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  235. 


is  the  duty  of  all  licensed  to  kill  according  to  law 
strenuously  to  protest  against  both  by  argument 
and  practice : 

"  That's  the  best  physick  which  doth  cure  our  ills 
Without  the  charge  of  pothecaries  pills." 

E.  W.  J. 
Crawley. 

Cassie.  —  MR.  M.  A.  LOWER  (a  correspondent 
of  "  N.  &  Q."),  in  his  Essays  on  English  Surnames 
(see  vol.  ii.  p.  63.),  quotes  from  a  brochure  on 
Scottish  family  names.  He  seems,  from  a  foot- 
note, to  be  in  difficulty  about  the  word  cassie. 
May  I  suggest  to  him  that  it  is  a  corruption  of 
*'  causeway  ?  " 

The  "  causeway"  is,  in  Scotch  towns,  an  usual 
name  for  a  particular  street ;  and  of  a  man's  sur- 
name, his  place  of  residence  is  a  most  common 
source  of  derivation.  W.  T.  M. 

The  Duke  of  Wellington.  —  Lord  de  Grey,  in 
his  Characteristics  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
pp.  171,  172.,  gives  the  following  extract  from  the 
despatches  published  by  Colonel  Gurwood,  and 
refers  to  vol.  viii.  p.  292. : 

"  It  would  undoubtedly  be  better  if  language  of  this 
description  were  never  used,  and  if  officers  placed  as 
you  were  could  correct  errors  and  neglect  in  language, 
which  should  not  hurt  the  feelings  of  the  person  ad- 
dressed, and  without  vehemence." 

Compare  this  passage  with  the  following  advice 
which  Don  Quixote  gives  to  Sancho  Panza  before 
he  sets  off  to  take  possession  of  his  government : 

"  Al  che  has  de  castigar  con  obras,  no  trates  mal 
con  palabras,  pues  le  basta  al  desdichado  la  pena  del 
suplicio  sin  la  anadidura  de  las  malas  razones."  — 
Part  ii.  ch.  xlii. 

See  translation  of  Don  Quixote  by  Jarvis,  vol.  iv. 
b.  m.  ch.  x.  p.  76.* 

The  very  depreciatory  terms  in  which  the  Em- 
peror Napoleon  used  to  speak  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  as  a  general  is  well  known.  The  fol- 
lowing extract  from  Forsyth's  Napoleon  at  St. 
Helena  and  Sir  Hudson  Lowe,  appears  to  me 
worthy  of  beinj?  brought  under  the  notice  of  tHe 
readers  of  "N.  &  Q.:" 

"  After  the  governor  had  left  the  house  (upon  the 
death  of  Napoleon  he  had  gone  to  the  house  of  the 
deceased  with  Major  Gorrequer  to  make  an  inventory 
of  and  seal  up  his  papers),  Count  Montholon  called 
back  Major  Gorrequer  to  ask  him  a  question,  and  he 
mentioned  that  he  had  been  searching  for  a  paper  dic- 
tated to  him  by  Napoleon  a  long  time  previously,  and 

*  Jarvis  translates  the  passage  in  Don  Quixote,  — 
"  Him  you  are  to  punish  with  deeds,  do  no  evil ;  in- 
treat  with  words,  for  the  pain  of  the  punishment  is 
enough  for  the  wretch  to  bear,  without  the  addition  of 
ill-language." 


which  he  was  sorry  he  could  not  find,  as  it  was  an> 
eulogium  on  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  in  which  Napoleon 
had  spoken  in  the  highest  terms  of  praise  of  the 
military  conduct  of  the  Duke." —  See  vol.  iii.  p.  299. 

J.  W.  FARRER. 

Romford  Jury.  —  The  following  entry  appears- 
on  the  court  register  of  the  Komford  Petty 
Sessions  (in  Havering  Liberty)  for  the  year 
1730,  relating  to  the  trial  of  two  men  charged 
with  an  assault  on  Andrew  Palmer.  As  a  curious- 
illustration  of  the  manner  in  which  justice  was 
administered  in  country  parts  in  "  the  good  old 
times,"  I  think  it  may  be  interesting  to  the  readers 
of"N.&Q." 

"  The  jury  could  not  for  several  hours  agree  on 
their  verdict,  seven  being  inclinable  to  find  the  de- 
fendants guilty,  and  the  others  not  guilty.  It  was 
therefore  proposed  by  the  foreman  to  put  twelve  shil- 
lings in  a  hat,  and  hustle  most  heads  or  tails,  whether 
guilty  or  not  guilty.  The  defendants,  therefore,  were 
acquitted,  the  chance  happening  in  favour  of  not 
guilty." 

E.  J.  SAGE. 

Edward  Law  (Lord  Ellenborough),  Chief 
Justice.  —  J.  M.'s  quotation  of  the  song  in  the 
Supplement  to  the  Court  of  Sessio?is  Garland 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  221.),  reminds  me  of  the  lines  on 
Mr.  Law's  being  made  Chief  Justice  : 

"  What  signifies  now,  quirk,  quibble,  or  flaw, 
Since  Law  is  made  Justice,  seek  justice  from  Law." 

W.  COLLTNS. 
Drewsteignton. 

Chamisso.  —  Chamlsso,  in  his  poem  of  "  The 
Three  Sisters,"  who,  crushed  with  misery,  con- 
tended that  each  had  the  hardest  lot,  has  this  fine- 
passage  by  the  last  speaker : 

"  In  one  brief  sentence  all  my  bitter  cause 
Of  sorrow  dwells  —  thou  arbiter  I  oh,  pause 

Ere  yet  thy  final  judgment  thou  assign, 
And  learn  my  better  right  —  too  clearly  proved..  ! 
Four  words  comprise  it  —  I  was  never  loved  : 

The  palm  of  grief  thou  wilt  allow  is  mine." 

"  He  knew  humanity  —  there  can  be  no  grief  like- 
that  grief.  Death  had  bereaved  one  sister  of  her 
lover  —  the  second  mourned  over  her  fallen  idol's, 
shame  —  the  third  exultingly  says, — 

*  Have  they  not  lived  and  loved  ?  ' " 

The  above  is  written  in  a  beautiful  Italian 
female  hand  on  the  fly-leaf  of  the  Basia,  1775. 

E.D. 

Dates  of  Maps.  — It  is  very  much  to  be  wished 
that  map-makers  would  always  affix  to  their  maps 
the  date  of  their  execution ;  the  want  of  this  in, 
the  maps  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful 
Knowledge  has  often  been  an  annoyance  to  me,, 
for  it  frequently  happens  that  one  or  both  of  two 
maps  including  the  same  district  are  without  date, 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


and  when  they  differ  in  some  of  the  minor  details, 
it  requires  some  time  and  trouble  to  find,  from 
other  sources,  which  is  the  most  modern,  and 
therefore  likely  to  be  the  most  accurate. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Walton.  —  The  following  cotemporary  notice  of 
the  decease  and  character  of  honest  Isaac's  son,  is 
from  a  MS.  Diary  of  the  Rev.  John  Lewis,  Rector 
of  Chalfield  and  Curate  of  Tilbury  : 

"  1719,  Dec.  29.  Mr.  Canon  Walton  of  Polshott 
died  at  Salisbury ;  he  was  one  of  the  members  of  the 
•clergy  club  that  meets  at  Melksham,  and  a  very  pious, 
sober,  learned,  inoffensive,  charitable,  good  man." 

E.D. 

Whittingtoris  Stone  on  Highgate  Hill.  —  It  is 
•well  that  there  is  a  "  N.  &  Q."  to  record  the  re- 
moval and  disappearance  of  noted  objects  and 
relics  of  antiquity,  as  one  after  another  disappears 
.before  the  destroying  hand  of  Time,  and  more 
ruthless  and  relentless  spirit  of  enterprise.  I  have 
io  ask  you  on  the  present  occasion  to  record  the 
removal  of  Whittington's  stone  on  Highgate  Hill. 
I  discovered  it  as  I  strolled  up  the  hill  a  few  days 
since.  I  was  informed  that  it  was  removed  about 
a  fortnight  since,  and  a  public-house  is  now  being 
built  where  it  stood.  TEE  BEE. 

Turkey  and  France.  —  The  following  fact,  taken 
from  the  foreign  correspondence  of  The  Times, 
may  suitably  seek  perpetuity  in  a  corner  of 
"N.  &Q." 

"  I  wish  to  mention  a  curious  fact  connected  with 
the  port  of  Toulon,  and  with  the  long  existing  relations 
between  France  and  Turkey,  and  which  I  have  not 
seen  mentioned,  although  it  is  recorded  in  the  mu- 
nicipal archives  of  this  town.  In  the  year  1543,  the 
sultan,  Selim  II.,  at  the  request  of  the  King  of  France, 
sent  a  large  army  and  fleet  to  his  assistance,  under  the 
command  of  the  celebrated  Turkish  admiral  Barba- 
rossa,  who,  according  to  the  record,  was  the  grandson 
of  a  French  renegade.  This  army  and  fleet  occupied 
the  town  and  port  of  Toulon  at  the  express  wish  of 
Francis  I.,  from  the  end  of  September  1543,  to  the 
end  of  March  1544.  And  on  'this  day,  the  last  of 
March  1 854,  a  French  army  and  fleet  has  sailed  from 
the  same  port  of  Toulon  to  succour  the  descendant  of 
the  Sultan  Selim  in  his  distress.  What  a  remarkable 
example  of  the  rise  and  fall  of  empires  1 " 

It  will  not  invalidate  the  force  of  the  foregoing 
extract  to  state,  that  Selim  II.  did  not  become 
sultan  until  1566,  and  that  it  must  have  been  his 
father  Suieyman  (whom  he  succeeded)  who  came 
to  the  rescue  of  France  in  1543.  The  same 
Turkish  fleet  was  afterwards  nearly  annihilated 
by  the  Venetians  in  1571,  at  the  battle  of  Le- 
panto.  GEO.  DYMOND. 


tilunrfeg. 

A   FEMALE   AIDE-MAJOR. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  letter  of 
the  French  general,  Custine,  to  the  National 
Convention,  June  14,  1793  : 

"  My  morality  is  attacked  ;  it  is  found  out  that  I 
have  a  woman  for  my  aide-de-camp.  Without  pre- 
tending to  be  a  Joseph,  I  know  too  well  how  to  respect 
myself,  and  the  laws  of  public  decency,  ever  to  render 
myself  guilty  of  such  an  absurdity.  I  found  in  the 
army  a  woman  under  the  uniform  of  a  volunteer  bom- 
bardier, who,  in  fulfilling  that  duty  at  the  siege  of 
Liege,  had  received  a  musket-ball  in  the  leg.  She 
presented  herself  to  the  National  Convention,  desired 
to  continue  her  military  service,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  honours  of  the  sitting.  She  was  afterwards  sent 
by  you,  Representatives,  to  the  Minister  of  War,  who 
gave  her  the  rank  of  aide-major  to  the  army.  On  my 
arrival  here,  the  representatives  of  the  people,  com- 
missioners with  this  army,  had  dismissed  her.  Her 
grief  was  extreme ;  and  the  phrenzy  of  her  imagination, 
and  her  love  for  glory,  would  have  carried  her  to  the 
last  extremity.  I  solicited  the  representatives  of  the 
people  to  leave  her  that  rank  which  her  merit  and 
wounds  had  procured  her ;  and  they  consented  to  it. 
This  is  the  truth.  She  is  not  my  aide-de-camp,  but 
attached  to  the  staff  as  aide-major.  Since  that  time  I 
have  never  had  any  public  or  private  conversation  with 
her." — From  the  Political  State  of  Europe,  1793, 
p.  164.  * 

Can  any  of  your  readers  furnish  me  with  the 
name  and  history  of  this  French  heroine  ? 

JAMES. 
Philadelphia. 


"  Chintz  Gowns."— Tuesday,  Jan.  9,  1768  : 

"  Two  ladies  were  convicted  before  the  Lord  Mayor, 
in  the  penalty  of  51.,  for  wearing  chintz  gowns."  — 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  xxxviii.  p.  395. 

Can  any  other  instances  be  given  ?  INVESTIGATOE. 

"  Noctes  Ambrosiance" — Can  any  one  inform 
me  why  the  celebrated  "Noctes  Ambrosianse"  of 
Blackwood's  Magazine  has  never  been  printed  in  a 
separate  form  in  this  country  (I  understand  it  has 
been  so  in  America)  ?  I  should  think  few  re- 
publications  would  meet  with  a  larger  sale. 

S.  WMSON. 

B.  Simmons. — Will  you  permit  me  to  ask  for  a 
little  information  respecting  B.  ^immons  ?  I  be- 
lieve he  was  born  in  the  county  of  Cork  :  for  he 
has  sung,  in  most  bewitching  strains,  his  return  to 
his  native  home  on  the  banks  of  the  Funcheon. 
He  was  the  writer  of  that  great  poem  on  the 
"  Disinterment  of  Napoleon,"  which  appeared  in 
Slackwood  some  years  ago.  He  was  a  regular 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


?oetical  contributor  to  its  pages  for  many  years. 
le  held  a  situation  in  the  Excise  Office  in  London, 
and  died  there  I  believe  in  July,  1852. 

What  manner  of  man  was  he ;  young  or  old, 
married  or  single  ?  Any  information  respecting 
such  a  child  of  genius  and  of  song  must  be  in- 
teresting to  those  who  have  ever  read  a  line  of  his 
wondrous  poems.  To  what  other  periodicals  did 
he  contribute  ?  ITH. 

Green  Stockings. — Is  the  custom  of  sending  a 
pair  of  green  stockings  to  the  eldest  unmarried 
daughter  of  a  family,  upon  the  occasion  of  the 
marriage  of  a  younger  sister,  of  English,  Irish,  or 
Scottish  origin  ?  L.  A. 

Nicholas  Kieten.  —  In  the  thirteenth  century, 
*'  there  was  a  giant  in  Holland  named  Nicholas 
Kieten,  whose  size  was  so  prodigious,  that  he 
carried  men  under  his  arms  like  little  children. 
His  shoe  was  so  large,  that  four  men  together 
could  put  their  feet  in  it.  Children  were  too  ter- 
rified to  look  him  in  the  face,  and  fled  from  his 
presence."  So  says  our  author;  but  he  does  not 
give  the  dimensions  of  Kieten.  May  not  such  a 
real  giant,  in  the  thirteenth  century,  have  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  fabulous  stories  of  giants  that 
have  for  so  many  years  been  the  favourite  ro- 
mances of  the  nursery?  Kieten  appears  to  be 
the  type  of  the  giants  of  our  modern  panto- 
mimes. Will  he  serve  as  a  key,  to  disclose  the 
origin  of  these  marvellous  stories  and  captivating 
absurdities  ?  TIMON. 

Warwickshire  Badge. — Will  you  permit  me  to 
ask,  through  your  journal,  if  any  of  your  readers 
can  inform  me  whether  the  proper  Warwickshire 
badge  is  "the  antelope"  or  "  the  bear  and  ragged 
staff?"  The  former  is  borne  by  the  6th  regiment 
of  the  line,  they  being  the  Royal  First  Warwick- 
shire. The  latter  is  borne  by  the  36th  regiment 
of  militia,  they  being  the  First  Warwickshire. 
This  latter  badge  is  also  borne  by  the  retainers  of 
the  Earls  of  Warwick  and  Leicester  ;  which  latter 
county  would  seem  to  lay  as  much  claim  to  the 
bear  and  ragged  staff  as  Warwick  does. 

The  county  cannot  well  have  both,  or  either ; 
and  this  makes  me  think  that  the  bear  and  ragged 
staff  is  not  a  county  badge,  but  pertains  more  pro- 
perly to  the  Earl  of  Warwick.  ANTIQUARY. 

Armorial.  —  Will  any  correspondent  oblige  me 
with  the  names  to  the  following  coats  :  1.  Arg., 
three  hares  (or  conies)  gu.  2.  Arg.,  on  a  bend 
engrailed  vert,  between  two  bucks'  heads  cabossed 
sable,  attired  or,  three  besants  ;  a  canton  erminois. 
3.  Quarterly,  per  fesse  indented  sable  and  or.  4. 
Per  pale  sable  and  or,  a  cheveron  between  three 
escallop  shells,  all  counterchanged.  5.  Gu.,  a 
lion  rampant  arg.  Glover's  Ordinary  of  Arms 
would,  I  think,  answer  the  above  Query  ;  and  if 


any  of  your  numerous  readers,  who  possess  that 
valuable  work,  would  refer  to  it  in  this  case,  they 
would  be  conferring  a  favour  on  your  constant 
subscriber,  CID. 

Would  any  correspondent  help  me  to  the  solu- 
tion of  the  following  case  ?  —  A.  was  the  last  and 
only  representative  of  an  ancient  family :  he  left 
at  ^  his  decease,  some  years  ago,  a  daughter  and 
heiress  who  married  B.  Can  the  issue  of  B. 
(having  no  arms  of  their  own)  legally  use  the 
arms,  quarterings,  crest,  and  motto  of  A.,  without 
a  license  from  the  Heralds'  College  ?  CID. 

Lord  Brougham  and  Home  Tooke. — In  Lord 
Brougham's  Statesmen  of  the  Time  of  George  III., 
he  says  of  Mr.  Home  Tooke  : 

"  Thus  he  (H.  T.)  would  hold  that  the  law  of  libel 
was  unjust  and  absurd,  because  libel  means  a  little 
book." 

Can  any  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  say  on 
what  occasion  Tooke  maintained  this  strange  doc- 
trine, or  where  his  Lordship  obtained  his  inform- 
ation that  Tooke  did  maintain  it  ?  Q. 

Bloomsbury. 

Rileys  of  Forest  Hill.  —  Can  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents ^nform  me  relative  to  the  arms  and 
motto  of  the  Eileys  of  (Forest  Hill)  Windsor, 
Berks,  their  descent,  &c.  ?  J.  M.  R. 

Fish  " Lavidian"  —  In  some  ancient  acts  of 
parliament  mention  is  made  of  a  fish  called  "la- 
vidian,"  and  from  the  regulations  made  concerning 
it,  it  appears  to  have  been  of  such  small  size  as  to 
be  capable  of  being  caught  in  the  meshes  of  an 
ordinary  net.  But  I  cannot  find  that  this  name  is 
contained  in  any  of  the  books  of  natural  history, 
written  by  such  authors  as  Gesner  or  Rondeletius. 
Is  it  at  this  time  a  common  name  anywhere  ?  Or 
can  any  of  your  readers  assist  in  determining  the 
species  ?  J.  C. 

"  Poeta  nascitur,  non  Jit."  —  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  inform  me  who  is  the  author  of 
the  well-known  saying  — 

"  Poeta  nascitur,  non  fit "  ? 

I  have  more  than  once  seen  it  quoted  as  from 
Horace,  but  I  have  never  been  able  to  find  it  in 
any  classical  author  whose  works  I  have  examined. 
Cicero  expresses  a  similar  sentiment  in  his  oration 
for  the  poet  Archias,  cap.  viii. : 

"  Atqui  sic  a  suramis  hominibus  eruditissimisque 
accepimus,  ceterarum  rerum  studia,  et  doctrina,  et  prse- 
ceptis,  et  arte  constare :  poetam  natura  ipsa  valere,  et 
mentis  viribus  excitari,  et  quasi  divino  quodam  spiritu 
inflari." 

J.P. 

Boston,  U.S.A. 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


399 


John  Wesley  and  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  —  It 
has  always  been  understood  that  the  property  be- 
queathed to  the  Colleys,  who  in  consequence  took 
the  surname  of  Wesley,  afterwards  altered  to 
Wellesley,  was  offered  to  and  declined  by  the 
father  of  John  Wesley,  who  would  not  allow  his 
son  to  accept  the  condition,  a  residence  in  Ire- 
land, and  the  being  adopted  by  the  legatee.  Has 
there  been  a  relationship  ever  proved  between  the 
founder  of  the  Methodists  and  the  victor  of  Wa- 
terloo ?  PRESTONIENSIS. 

Haviland.  —  Can  any  of  your  Plymouth  cor- 
respondents give  any  information,  as  tombs,  in 
memory  of  persons  of  the  name  of  Haviland, 
Havilland,  or  De  Havilland,  existing  in  the 
churches  of  that  place,  of  a  date  prior  to 
A.D.  1688  ?  Mention  is  made  of  such  tombs  as 
existing  in  a  letter  of  that  date  in  my  possession. 
Also,  in  what  chronicle  or  history  of  the  Conquest 
of  England,  mention  is  made  of  a  Sieur  de  Ha- 
villand,  as  having  accompanied  Duke  William 
from  Normandy  on  that  occasion  ?  D.  F.  T. 

Byron.  —  Will  you  kindly  inform  me,  through 
the  medium  of  your  "  N".  &  Q.,"  whence  the  line 
"  All  went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell "  (in  Byron's 
Childe  Harold}  is  derived  ?  C.  B. 

"Rutabaga."  —  What  is  the  etymology  of  the 
word  rutabaga  ?  I  have  heard  one  solution  of  it, 
but  wish  to  ascertain  whether  there  is  any  other. 
The  word  is  extensively  used  in  the  United  States 
for  Swedish  turnips  or  "  Swedes."  Luccus. 

A  Medal  —  A  family  in  this  city  possesses  a 
silver  medal  granted  to  Joseph  Swift,  a  native  of 
Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  by  the  University  of 
Oxford  or  of  Cambridge,  of  which  the  following  is 
a  description.  It  is  about  two  inches  in  diameter ; 
on  the  face  are  the  head  and  bust  of  Queen  Anne 
in  profile,  with  an  inscription  setting  forth  her 
royal  title,  and  on  the  reverse  a  full-length  figure 
of  Britannia,  with  ships  sailing  and  men  ploughing 
in  the  background,  and  this  motto,  "  Compositis 
venerantur  Annis."  The  date  is  MDCCXIII.  An 
explanation  of  the  object  of  the  medal  is  desired. 

OLDBTJCK. 

Philadelphia. 

The  Black  Cap.  —  Can  any  of  your  antiquarian 
legal  readers  inform  me  of  the  origin  of  the 
custom  of  the  judges  putting  on  a  black  cap  when 
pronouncing  sentence  of  death  upon  a  criminal  ? 
I  can  find  no  illustration  of  this  peculiar  custom 
in  Blackstone,  Stephens,  or  other  constitutional 
writers.  F.  J.  G. 

The  Aboriginal  Britons.  —  A  friend  of  mine 
wants  some  information  as  to  the  history,  con- 
dition, manners,  &c.  of  the  Britons,  prior  to  the 


arrival  of  the  Romans.  What  work,  accessible  to 
ordinary  readers,  supplies  the  best  compendium  of 
what  is  known  on  this  subject  ?  The  fullest 
account  of  which  I  have,  just  now,  any  recollection, 
is  contained  in  Milton's  History  of  England,  in- 
cluded in  an  edition  of  Milton's  Prose  Works, 
three  vols.  folio,  Amsterdam,  1694.  Is  Milton's 
History  a  work  of  any  merit  or  authority  ? 

H.  MARTIN. 

Halifax. 


Minor 


tutff) 


"  Gossip"  —  This  word,  in  its  obsolete  sense, 
according  no  doubt  to  its  Saxon  origin,  means  a 
sponsor,  one  who  answers  for  a  child  in  baptism,  a 
godfather.  Its  modern  acceptation  we  all  know 
to  be  widely  different.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents quote  a  passage  or  two  from  old  English 
authors,  wherein  its  obsolete  sense  is  preserved  ? 

N.  L.  J. 

[The  word  occurs  in  Chaucer,  Tke  Wyf  of  Bathes 
Prologue,  v.  5825.  : 

"  And  if  I  have  a  gossib,  or  a  friend, 
(Withouten  gilt)  thou  chidest  as  a  frend, 
If  that  I  walke  or  play  into  his  hous." 

And  in  Spenser,  Faerie  Queene,  b.  i.  c.  12.  : 

"  One  mother,  when  as  her  foole-hardy  child 

Did  come  too  neare,  and  with  his  talons  play, 
Halfe  dead  through  feare,  her  little  babe  reuil'd, 
And  to  her  gossips  gan  in  counsell  say." 

Master  Richard  Verstegan  is  more  to  the  point  : 

"  Our  Christian  ancestors,  understanding  a  spiritual 
affinity  to  grow  between  the  parents  and  such  as  un- 
dertooke  for  the  child  at  baptisme,  called  each  other 
by  the  name  of  Godsib,  which  is  as  much  as  to  say, 
that  they  were  sib  together,  that  is,  of  kin  together 
through  God.  And  the  child,  in  like  manner,  called 
such  his  God-fathers,  or  God-mothers."  —  Restitution 
of  Decayed  Intelligence,  ch.  vii. 

A  quotation  or  two  from  that  delightful  old  gossip, 
Mr.  Pepys,  will  show  its  use  in  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century  : 

"  Lord's  Day.  With  my  wife  to  church.  At  noon 
dined  nobly,  ourselves  alone.  After  dinner,  my  wife 
and  Mercer  by  coach  to  Greenwich,  to  be  gossip  to 
Mrs.  Daniel's  child.  My  wife  much  pleased  with  the 
reception  she  had,  and  she  was  godmother,  and  did  hold 
the  child  at  the  font,  and  it  is  called  John."  —  Diary, 
May  20,  1666. 

"  Lord's  Day.  My  wife  and  I  to  Mr.  Martin's, 
where  I  find  the  company  almost  all  come  to  the 
christening  of  Mrs.  Martin's  child,  a  girl.  After  sit- 
ting long,  till  the  church  was  done,  the  parson  comes, 
and  then  we  to  christen  the  child.  I  was  godfather, 
and  Mrs.  Holder  (her  husband,  a  good  man,  I  know 
well)  and  a  pretty  lady  that  waits,  it  seems,  on  my 
Lady  Bath  at  Whitehall,  her  name  Mrs.  Noble,  were 
godmothers.  After  the  christening  comes  in  the  wine 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


and  sweetmeats,  and  then  to  prate  and  tattle,  and?then 
very  good  company  they  were,  and  I  among  them. 
Here  was  Mrs.  Burroughs  and  Mrs.  Bales  (the  young 
widow  whom  I  led  home);  aud  having  staid  till  the 
moon  -was  up,  I  took  my  pretty  gossip  to  Whitehall 
with  us,  and  I  saw  her  in  her  lodging." — Ibid.,  Dec.  2, 
1666.] 

Humphry  Repton. — To  snatch  from  utter  ob- 
livion the  once  highly  reputed  Humphry,  the 
Tcing  of  landscape  gardeners,  to  whom  many  of  our 
baronial  parks  owe  much  of  their  picturesque 
beauty,  and  who,  by  the  side  of  Sir  Joseph  Paxtpn, 
would  now  most  duly  have  taken  knightful  station 
in  these  go-ahead  days,  I  ask,  in  what  publication 
was  it,  that  in  1780,  or  thereabouts,  being  an  in- 
•defatigable  attendant  at  all  exhibitions  and  sales 
of  art,  he,  the  said  Humphry,  was  accustomed 
(as  well  able  he  was)  to  enlighten  the  public  upon 
-what  was  passing  in  matters  of  art  now  nearly 
three  quarters  of  a  century  ago?  Was  it  the 
Bee  f  Again,  did  he  not,  at  his  death,  leave  two 
large  volumes  for  publication,  entitled  Recollections 
vfmy  Past  Life  ?  Where  are  these  ?  INQUEST. 

[The  MS.  collection  of  the  late  Humphry  Repton, 
containing  interesting  details  of  his  public  and  private 
life,  has  been  used  by  Mr.  Loudon  in  his  biogra- 
phical notice  of  Repton  prefixed  to  the  last  edition 
of  The  Landscape  Gardening,  8vo.,  1840.  Mr.  Loudon 
states  that  'these  papers  were  left  as  a  valued  memo- 
rial  for  his  children :  it  may  be  imagined,  therefore, 
that  they  contain  details  of  a  private  nature,  which 
would  be  found  devoid  of  interest  to  the  world.  Mr. 
Repton,  indeed,  possessed  a  mind  as  keenly  alive  to 
the  ludicrous,  as  it  was  open  to  all  that  was  excellent, 
in  the  variety  of  characters  with  whom  his  extensive 
professional  connexions  brought  him  acquainted ;  and 
he  did  not  fail  to  observe  and  note  down  many  curious 
circumstances  and  traits  of  character,  in  themselves 
highly  amusing,  but,  for  obvious  reasons,  unfit  subjects 
for  publication.  Not  one  taint  of  satire  or  ill-nature, 
however,  ever  sullied  the  wit  which  flowed  spontane- 
ously from  a  mind  sportive  sometimes  even  to  exu- 
berance." His  artistic  critiques  will  be  found  in 
the  following  works  :  The  Bee  ;  or,  a  Critique  on  the 
Exhibition  of  Paintings  at  Somerset  House,  1788,  8vo. 
Variety:  a  Collection  of  Essays,  1788,  12mo.  The 
See  :  a  Critique  on  the  Shakspeare  Gallery,  1789,  8vo. 
Odd  Whims ;  being  a  republication  of  some  papers  in 
Variety,  with  a  Comedy  and  other  Poems,  2  vols.  1 2mo., 
1804.] 

"  Oriel" — I  should  be  glad  if  any  of  your  cor- 
respondents could  inform  me  of  the  origin  of  the 
term  oriel,  as  applied  to  a  window  ?  It  is  not, 
I  believe,  necessarily  to  the  East.  T.  L.  1ST. 

Jamaica. 

[OrzoZ,  or  Oriel,  is  a  portico  or  court;  also  a  small 
room  near  the  hall  in  monasteries,  where  particular 
persons  dined.  (Blount's  Glossog.}  Du  Cange  says, 
**  Oriolum,  porticos,  atrium;"  and  quotes  Matthew 
Paris  for  it.  Supposed  by  some  to  be  a  diminutive 


from  area,  or  areola.  "  In  modern  writings,"  says 
Nares,  "  we  meet  with  mention  of  Oriel  windows.  I 
doubt  the  propriety  of  the  expression  ;  but,  if  right, 
they  must  mean  those  windows  that  project  like  a 
porch,  or  small  room.  At  St.  Albans  was  an  oriel, 
or  apartment  for  persons  not  so  sick  as  to  retire  to 
the  infirmary.  (Fosbroke's  Brit.  Monachism,  vol.  ii. 
p.  160.)  I  may  be  wrong  in  my  notion  of  oriel  win- 
dow, but  I  have  not  met  with  ancient  authority  for 
that  expression.  Cowel  conjectured  that  Oriel  College, 
in  Oxford,  took  its  name  from  some  such  room  or 
portico.  There  is  a  remarkable  portico,  in  the  farther 
side  of  the  first  quadrangle,  but  not  old  enough  to 
have  given  the  name.  It  might,  however,  be  only  the 
successor  of  one  more  ancient,  and  more  exactly  an 
oriel.'"  For  articles  on  the  disputed  derivation  of  this 
term,  which  seems  involved  in  obscurity,  see  Parker's 
Glossary  of  Architecture  ;  a  curious  paper  by  Mr.  Ham- 
per, in  ArchcEologia,  vol.  xxiii. ;  and  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine for  Nov.  1823,  p.  424.,  and  March,  1824,  p.  229.] 

"  Orchard?  —  Professor  Martyn,  in  his  Notes 
on  Virgil's  Georgics,  seems  to  be  of  opinion  that 
the  English  word  "  orchard  "  is  derived  from  the 
Greek  opxaros,  which  Homer  uses  to  express  the 
garden  of  Alcinous  ;  and  he  observes  that  Milton 
writes  it  orchat,  thereby  corroborating  this  im- 
pression. Is  the  word  spelt  according  to  Milton's 
form  by  any  other  writers  ?  !N".  L.  J. 

[It  is  spelt  orchat  by  J.  Philips,  Cider,  book  i. : 

"  Else  false  hopes 

He  cherishes,  nor  will  his  fruit  expect 

Th'  autumnal  season,  but  in  summer's  pride, 

When  other  orcliats  smile,  abortive  fail."] 

"  Peckwater"  — Why  is  the  quadrangle  at  Christ 
Church,  in  Oxford,  called  "  Peckwater  ?  "  N.  L.  3 . 

[The  Peckwater  Quadrangle  derives  its  name  from 
an  ancient  hostle,  or  inn,  which  stood  on  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  present  court ;  and  was  the  property 
of  Ralph,  the  son  of  Richard  Peckwater,  who  gave  it 
to  St.  Frideswide's  Priory,  30th  Henry  III.  ;  and 
about  the  middle  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. ,  another 
inn,  called  Vine  Hall,  was  added  to  it;  which,  with 
other  buildings,  were  reduced  into  a  quadrangle  in  the 
time  of  Dean  Duppa  and  Dr.  Samuel  Fell.  The  two 
inns  were  afterwards  known  by  the  name  of  Vine  Hall, 
or  Peckwater's  Iiin ;  and  by  this  name  were  given  to 
Christ  Church,  in  1547,  by  Henry  VIII.] 

Richard  TIL  —  What  became  of  the  body  after 
the  battle  of  Bos  worth  Field?  Was  it  buried  at 
Leicester  ?  A.  BRITON. 

Athenaeum. 

[After  the  battle  of  Bosworth  Field,  the  body  of 
Richard  III.  was  stript,  laid  across  a  horse  behind  a 
pursuivant-at-arms,  and  conducted  to  Leicester,  where, 
after  it  had  been  exposed  for  two  days,  it  was  buried 
with  little  ceremony  in  the  church  of  the  Grey  Friars. 
In  Burton's  MS.  of  the  History  of  Leicester,  we 
read  that,  "  within  the  town  was  a  house  of  Franciscan 
or  Grey  Friars,  built  by  Simon  Montfort,  Earl  of 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


401 


Leicester,  whither  (after  Bosworth  Field)  the  dead 
body  of  Richard  III.,  naked,  trussed  behind  a  pur- 
suivant-at-arms,  all  dashed  with  mire  and  blood,  was 
there  brought  and  homely  buried  ;  where  afterward 
King  Henry  VII.  (out  of  a  royal  disposition)  erected 
for  him  a  fair  alabaster  monument,  with  his  picture  cut 
out,  and  made  thereon." —  Quoted  in  Nichols's  Leices- 
tershire, vol.  i.  p.  357.  :  see  also  pp.  298.  381.] 

Binding  of  old  Books. — I  shall  feel  obliged  to 
any  of  your  readers  who  will  tell  me  how  to  polish 
up  the  covers  of  old  books  when  the  leather  has 
got  dry  and  cracked.  Bookbinders  use  some  com- 
position made  of  glair,  or  white  of  egg,  which  pro- 
duces a  very  glossy  appearance.  How  is  it  made 
and  used?  and  how  do  they  polish  the  leather 
afterwards  ?  Is  there  any  little  work  on  book- 
binding ?  CPL. 

[Take  white  of  an  egg,  break  it  with  a  fork,  and, 
having  first  cleaned  the  leather  with  dry  flannel,  apply 
the  egg  with  a  soft  sponge.  Where  the  leather  is 
rubbed  or  decayed,  rub  a  little  paste  with  the  finger 
into  the  parts  affected,  to  fill  up  the  broken  grain, 
otherwise  the  glair  would  sink  in  and  turn  it  black. 
To  'produce  a  polished  surface,  a  hot  iron  must  be 
rubbed  over  the  leather.  The  following  is,  however, 
an  easier,  if  not  a  better,  method.  Purchase  some 
"  bookbinders'  varnish,"  which  may  be  had  at  any 
colour  shop  ;  clean  the  leather  well,  as  before  ;  if  ne- 
cessary, use  a  little  water  in  doing  so,  but  rub  quite 
dry  with  a  flannel  before  varnishing:  applv  your  varnish 
with  wool,  lint,  or  a  very  soft  sponge,  and  place  to 
dry.] 

Vessel  of  Paper. — When  I  was  at  school  in  the 
north  of  Ireland,  not  very  many  years  ago,  a  piece 
of  paper,  about  the  octavo  size,  used  for  writing 
"  exercises,"  was  commonly  known  amongst  us  as 
a  vessel  of  paper.  Can  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents tell  me  the  origin  of  the  phrase ;  and 
whether  it  is  in  use  in  other  localities  ?  ABHBA. 

[Lemon,  in  his  English  Etymology,  has  the  following 
remarks  on  this  phrase:  —  "Vessel  of  Paper:  The 
etymology  of  this  word  does  not  at  first  sight  appear 
very  evident ;  but  a  derivation  has  been  lately  suggested 
to  me,  which  seems  to  carry  some  probability  with  it ; 
viz.  that  a  vessel  of  paper  may  have  derived  its  appel- 
lation from  fasciculus,  or  fasciola ;  quasi  vassiola ;  a 
vessel,  or  small  slip  of  paper ;  a  little  winding  band,  or 
swathing  cloth  ;  a  garter ;  a  fascia,  a  small  narrow 
binding.  The  root  is  undoubtedly  fascis,  a  bundle, 
or  anything  tied  up ;  also,  the  fillet  with  which  it  is 
bound."] 


KING  JAMES'S  IRISH  ARMT  LIST,  1689. 

(Vol.ix.,  pp.30,  31.) 

My  collections  are  arranged  for  illustrating,  in 
the  manner  alluded  to  in  the  above  notice,  up- 
wards of  four  hundred  families.  In  Tyrconnel's 


Horse,  I  find  a  Dominick  Sheldon,  Lieut.-Colonel. 
His  name  appears  in  the  "Establishment"  of 
1687-8  for  a  pension  of  200Z.  Early  in  the 
campaign,  he  was  actively  opposed  to  the  revo- 
lutionary party  in  Down  and  Antrim ;  and  was 
afterwards  joined  in  an  unsuccessful  negotiation 
for  the  surrender  of  Derry.  At  the  battle  of  the 
Boyne  he  commanded  the  cavalry,  and  in  a  gal- 
lant charge  nearly  retrieved  the  day,  but  had 
two  horses  shot  under  him.  When  Tyrconnel  left 
Ireland  for  France,  to  aid  the  cause  of  the  Stuarts, 
he  selected  this  colonel  as  one  of  the  directory, 
who  were  to  advise  the  young  Duke  of  Berwick, 
to  whom  Tyrconnel  had  committed  the  command 
of  the  Irish  army,  and  who  was  afterwards  so  dis- 
tinguished in  the  wars  of  the  brigades  abroad. 
After  the  capitulation  of  Limerick  in  1691,  Sars- 
field,  then  the  beloved  commander  of  the  last 
adherents  of  the  cause  of  the  royal  exile,  intrusted 
to  Colonel  Sheldon  the  care  of  embarking  all  who 
preferred  a  foreign  land  to  the  new  government ; 
and  King  James  (for,  in  justice  to  my  subject,  I 
must  still  style  him  King}  especially  thanked  him 
for  his  performance  of  that  duty.  When  his  own 
regiment  was  brigaded  in  France,  it  was  called, 
par  excellence,  "  the  King's  Regiment ;"  and  Do- 
minick  Sheldon,  "an  Englishman,"  was  gazetted 
its  Colonel.  The  successes  of  his  gallant  band  are 
recorded,  in  1702,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mincio 
and  the  Po ;  in  1703,  against  the  Imperialists  under 
Visconti,  when  he  was  wounded ;  in  the  army  of 
the  Rhine,  and  at  the  battle  of  Spire  within  the 
same  year,  &c.  He  appears,  throughout  his  career, 
an  individual  of  whom  his  descendants  should  be 
proud ;  but  I  cannot  discover  the  house  of  this 
Englishman. 

In  the  Outlawries  of  1691,  he  is  described  on 
one  as  "of  the  city  of  Dublin ;"  on  another,  as  "of 
PennyburnlMill,  co.  Derry."  JSTo  other  person  of 
his  name  appears  in  my  whole  Army  List;  although 
the  "  Diary"  preserved  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany 
(old  edit.,  vol.  vii.  p.  482.)  erroneously  suggests  a 
subaltern  of  his  name.  In  the  titular  Court  of 
St.  Germains,  two  of  the  name  of  Sheldon  were  of 
the  Board  of  Green  Cloth.  Dr.  Gilbert  Sheldon 
was  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century ;  and  the  Sheldons  are 
shown  by  Burke  to  be  still  an  existing  family  at 
Brailes  House  in  Warwickshire,  previously  in 
Oxfordshire,  and  semble  in  Staffordshire.  I  have 
made  application  on  the  subject  to  Mr.  Sheldon  of 
Brailes  House,  the  more  confidently  as  the  Chris- 
tian name  of  "  Ralph  "  is  frequent  in  the  pedigree 
of  that  family,  and  Colonel  Dominick  Sheldon  had 
a  brother  Ralph ;  but  Mr.  Sheldon  could  not  satisfy 
me. 

One  of  the  adventurers  or  soldiers  in  Cromwell's 
time,  in  Ireland,  was  a  William  Sheldon ;  who,  on 
the  Restoration,  in  the  royal  policy  of  that  day,  ob- 
tained a  patent  for  the  lands  in  Tipperary,  which 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


the  usurping  powers  had  allotted  for  him  by  cer- 
tificate. Could  Colonel  Dominick  have  been  his 
relative  ? 

I  pray  information  on  this  subject,  and  any 
others  connected  with  the  Army  List,  with  any 
documentary  assistance  which,  or  the  inspection  of 
which,  the  correspondents  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  afford 
me  ;  and  such  services  will  be  thankfully  acknow- 
ledged. If  I  were  aided  with  such  by  them,  and 
by  the  old  families  of  Ireland,  the  work  should  be 
a  gem.  JOHN  D'ALTON. 

48.  Summer  Hill,  Dublin. 


QUOTATIONS    WANTED. 

(Vol.ix.,  pp.  247. 301.) 

"  The  knights  are  dust, 
Their  good  swords  are  rust, 
Their  souls  are  with  the  saints,  we  trust." 

This  seems  to  be  an  imperfect  recollection  of  the 
concluding  lines  of  a  short  poem  by  Coleridge, 
entitled  "The  Knight's  Tomb."     (See  Poems  of 
S.  T.  Coleridge:  Moxon,  1852,  p.  306.) 
The  correct  reading  is  as  follows  : 

"  The  knight's  bones  are  dust, 
And  his  good  sword  rust ; 
His  soul  is  with  the  saints,  I  trust." 

G.  TAYLOB. 

Your  correspondent's  mutilated  version  I  have 
seen  on  a  china  match-box,  in  the  shape  of  a  Cru- 
sader's tomb.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBT. 

"  Of  whose  omniscient  and  all-spreading  love." 

These  lines  are  also  Coleridge's  (Poems,  &c., 
p.  30.,  edit.  1852).  He  afterwards  added  the  fol- 
lowing note  on  this  passage  : 

"  I  utterly  recant  the  sentiment  contained  in  the 
lines  — 

Of  whose  omniscient  and  all-spreading  love 
Aught  to  implore  were  impotence  of  mind; 

it  being  written  in  Scripture,  'Ask,  and  it  shall  be  given 
you  !'  and  my  human  reason  being,  moreover,  con- 
vinced of  the  propriety  of  offering  petitions,  as  well  as 
thanksgivings,  to  Deity. —  S.  T.  C.,  1797." 

H.  G.  T. 

Weston-super-Mare. 

The  line  quoted  (p.  247.)  as  having  been  ap- 
plied by  Twining  to  Pope's  Homer,  is  from  Ti- 
buttus,  iii.  6.  56.  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

"  A  fellow  feeling  makes  us  wond'rous  kind," 

is  to  be  found  in  the  epilogue  written  and  spoken 
by  Garrick  on  quitting  the  stage,  1776.* 

[*  See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  iii.,  p.  300.] 


A  parallel  passage  appears  in  Troilus  and  Cres- 
sida,  Act  III.  Sc.  3. : 

"  One  touch  of  nature  makes  the  whole  world  kin." 

NEWBURIENSIS. 


The  following  lines,  and  the  accompanying  pa- 
raphrase, probably  those  inquired  after  by  X.  Y., 
are  in  Davison's  Poems,  or  a  Poetical  Rhapsody 
(p.  50.,  4th  impression,  1621),  where  they  form 
the  third  "device."  I  do  not  know  who  the  writer 
was. 

"  Quid  pluma  laevius  ?    Pulvis.      Quid  pulvere  ?    Ven- 

tus. 
Quidvento?  Mulier.     Quidmuliere?  Nihil." 

"  Dust  is  lighter  than  a  feather, 
And  the  wind  more  light  than  either ; 
But  a  woman's  fickle  mind 
More  than  a  feather,  dust,  or  wind." 

F.  E.  E. 

The  lines  quoted  by  L.  are  the  first  two  (a 
little  altered)  in  the  opening  stanza  of  a  ballad 
entitled  The  Berkshire  Lady.  The  correct  ver- 
sion (I  speak  on  the  authority  of  a  copy  which  I 
procured  nearly  thirty  years  ago  in  the  great 
ballad-mart  of  those  days,  the  Seven  Dials)  is,  — 
"  Bachelors  of  every  station, 

Mark  this  strange  but  true  relation, 

Which  in  brief  to  you  I  bring  ; 

Never  was  a  stranger  thing." 

The  ballad  is  an  account  of  "  love  at  first  sight," 
inspired  in  the  breast  of  a  young  lady,  wealthy 
and  beautiful  of  course,  but  who,  disdaining  such 
adventitious  aids,  achieves  at  the  sword's  point, 
and  covered  with  a  mask,  her  marriage  with  the 
object  of  her  passion.  It  is  much  too  long,  and 
not  of  sufficient  merit,  for  insertion  in  "  N.  &  Q." 

F.  E.  E. 


OATHS. 


(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  364.  605. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  45.) 

I  am  extremely  obliged  to  your  several  corre- 
spondents who  have  replied  to  my  Query. 

I  now  send  you  "  a  remarkable  case,"  which 
occurred  in  1657,  and  throws  considerable  light 
upon  the  subject. 

Dr.  Owen,  Vice-Chancellor  of  Oxford,  being  a 
witness  for  the  plaintiff  in  a  cause,  refused  to  be 
sworn  in  the  usual  manner,  by  laying  his  right  hand 
upon  the  booh,  and  by  hissing  it  afterwards ;  but  he 
caused  the  book  to  be  held  open  before  him,  and 
he  raised  his  right  hand ;  whereupon  the  jury 
prayed  the  direction  of  the  Court  whether  they 
ought  to  weigh  such  evidence  as  strongly  as  the 
evidence  of  another  witness.  Glyn,  Chief  Justice, 
answered  them,  that  in  his  opinion  he  had  taken 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


403 


as  strong  an  oath  as  any  other  of  the  witnesses; 
but  he  added  that,  if  he  himself  were  to  be  sworn, 
he  would  lay  his  right  hand  upon  the  book  itself 
(il  voilt  deponer  sa  maine  dexter  sur  le  liver  mesme). 
Colt  v.  Button,  2  Siderfin's  R.  6. 

This  case  shows  that  the  usual  practice  at  the 
time  it  was  decided  was,  not  to  take  the  book  in 
the  hand,  but  to  lay  the  hand  upon  it.  Now,  if  a 
person  laid  his  hand  upon  a  book,  which  rested  on 
anything  else,  he  most  probably  would  lay  his 
fingers  'upon  it,  and,  if  he  afterwards  kissed  it, 
would  raise  it  with  his  fingers  at  the  top,"and  his 
thumb  under  the  book;  and  possibly  this  may 
account  for  the  practice  I  mentioned  of  the  Welsh 
witnesses,  which,  like  many  other  usages,  may 
have  been  once  universally  prevalent,  but  now 
have  generally  ceased. 

With  regard  to  kissing  the  book,  so  far  from 
assuming  that  it  was  essential,  I  stated  that  "  in 
none  of  these  instances  does  kissing  the  book  ap- 
pear to  be  essential."  Indeed,  as,  "  upon  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  common  law,  there  is  no  particular 
form  essential  to  an  oath  to  be  taken  by  a  witness  ; 
but  as  the  purpose  of  it  is  to  bind  his  conscience, 
every  man  of  every  religion  should  be  bound  by 
that  form  which  he  himself  thinks  will  bind  his 
own  conscience  most"  (per  Lord  Mansfield,  Chief 
Justice,  Atcheson  v.  Everitt,  Cowper's  R.  389.), 
the  form  of  the  oath  will  vary  according  to  the 
particular  opinion  of  the  witness. 

Lord  Mansfield,  in  the  case  just  mentioned, 
referred  to  the  case  in  Siderfin,  and  stated  that 
"  the  Christian  oath  was  settled  in  very  ancient 
times ; "  and  it  may,  perhaps,  be  inferred  that  he 
meant  that  it  was  so  settled  in  the  form  there 
mentioned ;  but,  as  he  inaccurately  translates  the 
words  I  have  given  thus,  "If  I  were  sworn,  I 
would  kiss  the  book"  it  may  be  doubtful  whether 
he  did  not  consider  kissing  the  book  as  a  part  of 
the  form  of  the  oath  so  settled. 

I  cannot  assent  to  the  opinion  of  Paley,  that  the 
term  corporal,  as  applied  to  oath,  was  derived 
from  the  corporale  —  the  square  piece  of  linen  on 
which  the  chalice  and  host  were  placed.  The  term 
doubtless  was  adopted,  in  order  to  distinguish 
some  oaths  from  others ;  and  it  would  be  very 
strange  if  it  had  become  the  invariable  practice 
to  apply  it  to  all  that  large  class  of  oaths,  in  every 
civil  and  criminal  tribunal,  to  which  it  did  not 
apply  ;  and  when  it  is  remembered  that  in  in- 
dictments (which  have  ever  been  construed  with 
the  strictest  regard  to  the  truth  of  the  statements 
contained  in  them)  this  term  has  always  been 
used  where  the  book  has  been  touched,  and  where 
the  use  of  the  term,  if  incorrect,  would  inevitably 
have  led  to  an  acquittal,  no  one  I  think  can  doubt 
that  Paley  is  in  error. 

In  addition  to  the  authorities  I  before  referred 
to,  I  may  mention  that  Puffendorff  clearly  uses  the 
term  in  the  sense  I  attributed  to  it ;  and  so  does 


Mr.  Barbeyrac,  in  his  note  to  "  corporal  oath,"  as 
used  by  Puffendorff,  where  he  says :  "  Juramentum 
corporale,  or,  as  it  is  called  in  the  code,  juramen- 
tum  corporaliter  praGstitum;"  and  then  refers  to 
a  rescript  of  Alexander,  where  the  terms  used  are 
"  jurejurando  corporaliter  pracstito."  (Puffendorff, 
Law  of  Nature  and  Nations,  lib.  iv.  ss.  11.  and  16., 
pp.  345.  and  350. :  London,  1729.)  And  it  seems 
very  probable  that  the  term  came  to  us  from  the 
Romans ;  and  as  it  appears  from  the  books,  re- 
ferred to  in  the  notes  to  s.  16.,  that  there  were 
some  instances  in  which  an  oath  had  been  taken 
by  proxy,  it  may,  perhaps,  be  that  the  term  cor- 
poral was  originally  used  to  distinguish  such  oaths 
as  were  taken  by  the  party  himself  from  such  as 
were  taken  by  proxy. 

The  word  corporale  plainly  is  the  "  corporale 
Linteum,"  on  which  the  sacred  elements  were 
placed,  and  by  which  they  were  covered  ;  and  no 
doubt  were  so  used,  because  it  covered  or  touched 
what  was  considered  to  be  the  very  body  of  our 
blessed  Lord.  In  fact,  the  term  is  the  same, 
whether  it  be  applied  to  oath  or  cloth  ;  and  when 
used  with  oath,  it  is  used  in  the  same  sense  as  our 
immortal  bard  uses  it  in  "  corporal  suffering"  and 
"  corporal  toil."  S.  G.  C. 

As  the  various  forms  in  which  oaths  have  been 
administered  and  taken  is  a  question  not  alto- 
gether devoid  of  interest,  I  would  wish  to  add  a 
few  words  to  what  I  have  already  written  upon 
this  subject.  The  earliest  notice  of  this  ceremony 
is  probably  that  which  is  to  be  found  in  Genesis 
xxiv.  2,  3. : 

"  And  Abraham  said  unto  his  eldest  servant  of  his 
house,  that  ruled  over  all  that  he  had,  Put,  I  pray  thee, 
thy  hand  under  my  thigh  ;  And  I  will  make  thee  swear," 
&c. 

That  at  a  very  early  period  the  soldier  swore  by 
his  sword,  is  shown  by  the  Anglo-Norman  poem 
on  the  conquest  of  Ireland  by  Henry  II.,  pub- 
lished by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq. :  London,  1837, 
p.  101. : 

"  Morice  par  sa  espe  ad  jure, 
N1  i  ad  vassal  si  ose." 

In  a  charter  of  the  thirteenth  century,  made  by 
one  Hugh  de  Sarnefelde  to  the  Abbey  of  Thomas- 
court  in  Dublin,  of  a  certain  annuity,  we  find  the 
passage : 

"  Et  sciendum  quod  jam  dictus  Adam  de  Sarnefelde 
affidavit  in  manu  Magistri  Roberti  de  Bedeford  pro 
se  et  heredibus  suis  quod  fideliter  et  absque  omni  fal- 
lacia  persolvent,  etc.  redditum  prenominatura." 

And  such  clauses  are  probably  of  frequent  oc- 
currence in  ancient  charters.  The  expression 
"  affidavit  in  manu"  may  be  perhaps  explained  by 
referring  to  the  mode  in  which  the  oath  of  homage 
was  accustomed  to  be  taken.  Thi§  form,  as  it  was 
of  old  time  observed  iu  England,  is,  I  presume, 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


fully  described  in  other  publications  ;  but  as  many 
of  the  most  valuable  of  the  ancient  public  records 
of  Ireland  have  been,  and  are  still,  in  a  sadly  ne- 
glected state,  it  is  not  probable  that  the  following 
description  of  the  manner  in  which  certain  of  the 
Irish  chieftains  in  the  time  of  Richard  II.  per- 
formed their  homage  to  Thomas  Earl  of  Notting- 
ham, his  deputy,  has  been  hitherto  printed  : 

"  Gerraldus  O'Bryn  predictus  zonam,  glaudium  et 
capitium  ipsius  a  se  amovens,  et  genibus  flexis  ad 
pedes  dicti  domini  comitis  procedit,  ambas  manus  suas 
palmis  [adgremium]  junctis  erigens,  et  inter  manus 
dicti  domini  comitis  erectas  tenens,  protulit  hec  verba  in 
lingua  hiberntcana,"  &c.  — Inquisition  deposited  in  the 
Exchequer  Record  Office,  Dublin ;  James  7.  No.  84. 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 
Dublin. 


REMUNERATION   OF   AUTHORS. 

(Vol.viii.,  p.  81.) 

Some  time  ago  I  suggested,  in  the  columns  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  a  collection  which  might  prove  in- 
teresting, of  the  remuneration  received  by  authors 
for  their  works,  sending  my  first  instalment  there- 
of. A  correspondent  (W.  R.)  has  since  contri- 
buted to  the  stock ;  and  I  now  beg  to  add  a  few 
more  cases  which  have  lately  occurred  to  me.  In 
the  instances  of  plays,  &c.,  I  have  confined  myself 
to  the  sums  paid  for  the  copyright ;  any  remune- 
ration accruing  to  the  author  from  the  perform- 
ance, a  share  of  the  profit,  benefit,  &c.  &c.  being 
too  diffuse  to  bring  into  a  tabular  form ;  and,  in. 
the  case  of  works  published  while  that  servile 
system  was  in  vogue,  I  have  not  attempted  to 
record  the  amounts  paid  for  dedications  by  the 
inflated  "  patrons,"  nor  even  those  raised  by  sub- 
scription, except  in  one  or  two  cases,  where  such 
was  (which  was  rarely  the  case)  a  genuine  trans- 
action : 


Title  of  Work. 

Author. 

Price. 

Publisher. 

Authority. 

Phaidra        ...... 

Edmund  Smith 

601. 

Lintot. 

Dr.  Johnson. 

The  Wanderer         ..... 

.Savage 

101.  10s. 

. 

Ditto. 

Gay 
Ditto 

40W. 
10001.              t 

Subscription 

Spence. 
Dr.  Johnson. 

Poems           ...... 

Translation  of  eight  books  of  the  Odyssey,  and 

W.  Broome 

600J. 

Paid  by  Pope 

Ditto. 

all  the  notes. 

Ditto  of  four  books  of  ditto             ... 

Fenton 

300/. 
2171.  12*. 

Ditto 

fen  ^  QU 

Ditto. 
Ditto.  " 

Amynta  and  Theodora       - 

Pops 
Mallet 

120/.' 

Vailiant. 

Ditto. 

The  Poor  Gentleman           - 

G  Colman.sen. 

16(8, 

_ 

R.  B.  Peake. 

Who  wants  a  Guinea  ? 

Ditto 

150/. 

_            . 

Ditto. 

Tales  from  Shakspeare       - 

Charles  Lamb 

631. 

- 

Himself. 

Mary  Lamb 

Contributions  for  two  years  to  the  London  Maga- 

Charles Lamb 

1101. 

.            . 

T.  Moore.  Lord  J. 

zine. 

j 

Russell. 

The  King  of  Prussia's  works,  translation  of 
Exchange  no  Robbery          -            -        '    -    '       • 
Sat/ings  and  Doings  (1st  series)      ... 
Ditto              (2nd  series)    .... 

Thos.  Holcroft 
Theodore  Hook 
Ditto 
Ditto 

1200J. 
60J. 
600/. 
1050/. 
150/. 

Colburn 
Ditto 

Gait. 
R.  H.  D.  Barham. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 

2001. 

Ditto              (3rd  series)     -          ... 

Ditto 

10501. 

Ditto 

Ditto. 

Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths      ... 
Editorship  of  Colburn's  New  Monthly 
Rejected  Addresses  ..... 

Ditto 
Ditto 
J.  and  H.  Smith 

6001. 
4001.  per  annum. 
131/.  after  16th  edition 

Ditto 
Ditto 
Murray 

Ditto. 
Ditto. 
H.  Smith. 

Country  Cousins     ) 
A  Trip  to  Paris      f 
Air  Ballooning        f     . 
A  Trip  to  America  } 

James  Smith. 

1000/. 

JPaid    for    by 
C.  Matthews 
for  his  Enter- 
tainments. 

t  Himself. 

ALEXANDER  ANDREWS. 


OCCASIONAL   FORMS    OF   PRATER. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  535.) 

The  list  of  Occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  recently 
contributed  to  your  pages  by  the  REV.  THOMAS 
LATHBURY,  contained  no  less  than  forty-ei^ht 
items.  All  the  forms  which  he  enumerates,  with 
one  exception,  are  earlier  than  the  year  1700. 
Using  the  same  limitation  of  date,  I  send  you 
herewith  a  farther  list  of  such  occasional  forms  : 
all  these  are  to  be  found  in  the  British  Museum, 


and  the  press-marks  by  which  they  are  designated 
in  the  catalogue  are  here  added.  The  present  list 
comprises  fifty- one  items,  all  of  them,  I  think,  dif- 
ferent from  those  which  have  been  already  men- 
tioned. Unless  otherwise  stated,  the  copies  of  the 
forms  here  referred  to  are  printed  at  London,  and 
they  are  for  the  most  part  in  black-letter,  with- 
out pagination. 

A  Psalme  and  Collect  of  Thankesgiving,  not  unmeet  for 
the  present  Time  [i.e.  after  the  defeat  of  the  Spanish 
Armada].  1588.  (3406.  c.) 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


405 


An  Order  for  Prayer  and  Thanksgiving  (necessary  to 
be  used  in  these  dangerous  Times)  for  the  Safetie 
and  Preservation  of  her  Majestie  and  this  Realm. 
1598. 
A  revision  of  the  form  first  issued  in  1594.     (3406. 


Certain  Prayers  collected  out  of  a  Form  of  godly  Me- 

ditations ...  to  be  used  at  this  Time  in  the  present 

Visitation   of   God's   heavy    Hand,   £c.      With    the 

Order    of    a    Fast    to    be    kept   every    Wednesday. 

1603.      (3406.  c.) 
Thanksgiving,  August  5  ;  being  the  Day  of  his  High- 

nesse's  happy  Deliverance  from  the  trayterous  and 

bloody  Attempt  of  the  Earle  of  Govvry  and  his  Bro- 

ther, with  their  Adherents.      1606.     (3406.  c.) 
Forme  of  Common  Prayer,  together  with  an  Order  of 

Fasting  :   for  the  averting  of  God's  heavy  Visitation 

upon  many  Places  of  this  Kingdom   [two  editions, 

the  second  with  a  few  MS.  notes].     1625.     (3406. 

d.)  Land  (3406.  d.  1.)  2. 

Thanksgiving.     March  27,  1626.      (3406.  d.  J.)  4. 
Prayer  for  Safety  and  Preservation  of  his  Majestie  and 

this  Realm.     "]626.     (3406.  d.  1.)  5. 
Thanksgiving.      Safe  Delivery  of  the  Queen.     1631. 

Fol.     (3406.  e.)     1. 
Thanksgiving.      Safe   Child-bearing  of  the   Queene's 

Majestie.     1635.     Fol.     (3406.  e.)  2. 
Thanksgiving.     November  5,  1636.     (3406.  c.) 
Thanksgiving.     November  5,  1638.     (3406.  d.  1.)  6. 
Prayer  for  the  King's  Majestie,  in  the  Northern  Expe- 

dition.     1639.      Fol.      (3406.  e.)  3. 
A  Form  of  Thanksgiving  to  be  used    September  7, 

1640,  thorowout  the  Diocese  of  Lincoln,  and  in  the 

Jurisdiction  of  Westminster.      1640(?)    (3407.  c.) 
Thanksgiving.     March  27,  1640.     (3406.  d.  1.)  8. 
Prayer  for   the  King's  Majestie,   in   his   Expedition 

against    the    Rebels    of    Scotland.       1640.       Fol. 

(3406.  e.)  4. 
Fast,  February  5,  1644,  for  a  Blessing  on  the  Treaty 

now  begunne.     (3406.  d.  1.)  9. 
Thanksgiving  for  the  late  Defeat  given  unto  the  Re- 

bells  at  Newarke  (and  A  Prayer  for  the  Queene's 

safe  Delivery).      1644.     Oxford,  fol.     (3406.  e.)  5. 
Prayer  to  be  used  upon  January  15,  1661,  in  London 

and  Westminster,  &c.  ;  and  upon  the  22nd  of  the 

said  moneth   in   the  rest  of  England  and  Wales. 

(3406.  d.  2.)  1. 
Prayer  on  June  12  and  June  19,  1661  (as  in  the  last 

form).     (3406.  d.  2.)  2. 

Fast.     July  12,  1665,  in  London,  &c.    (3406.  d.  2.)  3. 
Prayer.     April  10,  1678.     (3407.  c.) 
Fast.      November  13,  1678.     (3406.  d.  2.)  5. 
Prayer  for  King.      1684.      (3407.  c.) 
Thanksgiving.     July  26,    1685.     Victories"  over   the 

Rebels.     (3406.  d.  3.)  3. 
Prayers  .  .  .  during  this  time  of  Public  Apprehension 

from  the  Danger  of  Invasion.     1688.     (3407.  c.) 
Additional   Prayers  to   be  used,   together   with  those 

appointed   in   the   Service  for   November  5,   1689. 

(3406.  d.  4.)  4. 
Fast.    March  12,  1689.    Preservation  of  his  Majestie's 

sacred  Person,  and  the  Prosperity  of  his  Arms  in 

Ireland,  &c.     (3406.  d.  4.)  1. 


Fast.  June  5  and  June  19,  1689.  To  implore  Suc- 
cess in  the  War  declared  against  the  French  King. 
(3406.  d.  4.)  2. 

Thanksgiving :  Success  towards  the  reducing  of  Ire- 
land. October  19,  1690.  (3406.  d.  4.)  3. 

Thanksgiving.      November  5,  1690.     (3406.  d.  4.)  6. 

A  Prayer  for  the  King,  to  be  used  instead  of  that  ap- 
pointed for  his  Majestie's  present  Expedition.  1690. 
(3406.  d.  4.)  5. 

A  Prayer  for  the  King,  to  be  constantly  used  while 
his  Majesty  is  abroad  in  the  Wars.  1691.  (3406. 
d.  4.)  7. 

Fast.    April  29,  1691.    (3406.  d.  4.)  8.    Two  editions. 

Thanksgiving.  Success  in  Ireland.  November  26, 
1691.  (3406.  d.  4.)  10. 

Thanksgiving.     1692.     (3406.  d.  4.)  12. 

Thanksgiving.      1692.     (3406.  d.  4.)  14. 

Thanksgiving.  October  27  and  November  10,  1692. 
For  the  signal  Victory  vouchsafed  to  the  Fleet. 
(3406.  d.  4.)  15. 

Prayer,  during  the  Time  of  their  Majesties'  Fleet 
being  at  Sea.  1692.  (3406.  d.  4.)  18. 

Fast.      April  8,  1692.     (3406.  d.  4.)  11. 

Prayer.  May  10,  1693,  and  second  Wednesday  of 
every  month  following,  &c.  (3406.  d.  4.)  16. 

Thanksgiving.  November  12  and  November  26, 1693» 
(3406.  d.  4.)  17. 

Thanksgiving.  December  9  and  December  16,  1694. 
(3406.  d.  5.)  3. 

Prayers  to  be  used  during  the  Queen's  Sickness,  &c. 
1694.  (3406.  d.  5.)  2. 

Thanksgiving.     April  16,  1695.     (3406.  d.  5.)  4. 

Fast.     June  19,  1695.     (3406.  d.  5.)  5. 

Prayer.  December  11  and  December  18,  1695. 
(3406.  d.  5.)  6. 

Fast.     June  26.     (3406.  d.  5.)  7. 

Form  of  Prayer  to  be  used  Yearly  on  September  2, 
1696,  for  the  dreadful  fire  of  London.  (3406.  d.  5.)  8. 

Fast.     April  28,  1697.     (3406.  d.  5.)  9. 

Thanksgiving.      December  2,  1697.     (3406.  d.  5.)  10. 

Fast.     April  5,  1699.     (3406.  d.  5.)  11. 

It  would  occupy  more  space  than  "  1ST.  &  Q.1* 
can  afford  to  complete  the  list  up  to  the  present 
time.  In  the  British  Museum  Catalogue  alone, 
between  the  years  1700  and  1800,  there  are  about 
120  Forms  of  Prayer;  and,  between  1800  and 
1850,  about  113  more.  Let  me,  before  leaving 
the  subject,  draw  the  attention  of  your  readers  to 
the  following  extract  from  Straker's  (Adelaide 
Street,  West  Strand)  Catalogue  of  Books,  printed 
in  1853,  pp.  419. : 

Article  "  1862.  COMMON  PRAYER.  Forms  of  Prayer, 
an  extensive  collection  of,  issued  by  authority,  on  pub- 
lic occasions ;  such  as  War  and  Peace,  Plague  and  Pes- 
tilence, Earthquakes,  Treason  and  Rebellion,  Accession 
of  Kings,  Birth  of  Princes,  &c.  &c.,  from  A.D.  1550  to 
A.D.  1847,  consisting  of  45  in  manuscript  and  181 
printed,  together  226 ;  many  of  which  are  of  the 
greatest  scarcity,  with  a  detailed  catalogue  of  the  col- 
lection, SI.  8s.  1550—1840  [«c]. 

"The  late  J.  W.  Niblock,  D.D.,  F.S.A.,  was  ac- 
tively engaged  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  (with 


406 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


great  trouble  and  expense)  in  forming  this  ex- 
ceedingly interesting  and  valuable  collection  for 
his  projected  work,  to  be  entitled  '  FORM^E 
PRECUM,  or  National  State  Prayers,  issued  by 
Authority,  on  Fast  and  Thanksgiving  Days,  and 
other  public  Occasions,  from  the  Reformation 
to  the  present  Time  ; '  those  in  manuscript  are 
copied  with  great  care  from  the  originals  in 
public  libraries  and  private  collections." 

This  important  collection  may  possibly  be  un- 
known to  some  of  your  readers  who  take  an  in- 
terest in  matters  liturgical. 

W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 

Having  made  it  a  point,  for  some  years  past,  to 
preserve  at  least  one  copy  of  each  Occasional  Form 
of  Prayer,  and  wishing  to  comply  with  MR.  LATH- 
BURT'S  request,  I  send  a  list  of  those  in  my  own 
possession. 

Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  Delivery  of  the  Queen, 

and  Birth  of  a  Prince.      1841. 
Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  Preservation  of  the  Queen 

"  from  the  atrocious  and  treasonable  Attempt  against 

her  sacred  Person."      1842. 

Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  abundant  Harvest.    1842. 
Form   and  Thanksgiving  for  Delivery  of  the  Queen, 

and  Birth  of  a  Princess.     1843. 
Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  Delivery  of  the  Queen, 

and  Birth  of  a  Prince.     1844. 
Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  Victories  in  the  Sutledge. 

1846. 
Form   and  Thanksgiving  for  Delivery  of  the   Queen, 

and  Birth  of  a  Princess.      1846. 
Form  for  Relief  from  Dearth  and  Scarcity.     1846. 
Form  for   Removal  of   Dearth   and   Scarcity.     Fast. 

1847. 

Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  abundant  Harvest.    1847. 
Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  Delivery  of  the  Queen, 

and  Birth  of  a  Princess.    1848. 
Form   for    Maintenance   of  Peace   and   Tranquillity. 

1848. 

Form  for  Removal  of  Disease.      1 849. 
Form   and    Thanksgiving   for    Removal    of    Disease. 

1849. 
Form  and  Thanksgiving  for  Delivery  of  the  Queen, 

and  Birth  of  a  Prince.     1850. 

ABHBA. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photographic  Query.  —  Given  the  diameter  and  focal 
length  of  a  simple  achromatic  lens  ;  at  what  distance 
from  it  must  a  diaphragm  of  given  diameter  be  placed 
to  give  the  best  possible  image  ?  O. 

Improvement  in  Collodion. —  As  there  are  many  pho- 
tographers who  are  not  members  of  the  Photographic 
Society,  and  who  do  not  see  the  journal  published  by 
that  body,  a  statement  of  what  I  think  will  be  found  a 
very  material  improvement  in  the  manufacture  of  col- 
lodion may  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  readers  of  "  N. 
&  Q."  To  five  drachms  of  pure  washed  ether,  add  one 
drachm  of  alcohol  60°  over  proof,  and  dissolve  therein 


sufficient  soluble  cotton  to  make  it  of  the  consistence 
of  oil  (the  exact  quantity  must  depend  rather  upon 
the  dexterity  of  the  operator,  as  the  thicker  it  is  the 
more  difficult  to  use)  ;  then  add  twenty  minims  of 
chloroform,  dropping  in  the  latter,  which  will  fall  to 
the  bottom,  but  is  readily  dissolved  on  shaking  the 
mixture  for  a  few  minutes. 

To  two  drachms  of  the  same  alcohol  add  the  iodizing 
material  preferred,  and  mix  with  the  other  ingredients. 

The  above  will  be  found  to  flow  very  evenly  and 
smoothly  over  the  plate  ;  is  tough,  intense,  and  struc- 
tureless in  appearance.  I  have  not  yet  determined 
what  is  the  best  iodizing  mixture,  but  at  present  I 
prefer  iodide  of  potassium  alone,  if  pure,  and  twenty 
grains  to  the  ounce  of  alcohol  is  the  proportion  I  gene- 
rally adopt ;  thus  having  five  grains  in  each  ounce  of 
collodion. 

Lastly,  as  regards  the  soluble  cotton,  I  cannot  find 
any  better  material  than  that  produced  according  to 
the  formula  published  by  Mr.  Hadow,  in  the  March 
Number  of  the  Photographic  Journal,  thus :  "  Take  of 
nit.  potash,  five  parts;  sulphuric  acid,  ten  parts;  water, 
one  part ;  all  by  weight.  Add  the  water  to  the  nitrate 
of  potash,  and  then  the  acid,  and  immediately  immerse 
as  much  cotton  wool  as  can  be  thoroughly  saturated  by 
the  mixture,  leaving  it  in  for  at  least  ten  minutes,  and 
wash  with  a  great  abundance  of  water.  The  object  of 
adding  the  cotton  immediately  that  the  acid  has  been 
mixed  with  the  nitrate  of  potash,  is  to  expose  it  to  the 
action  of  the  chemicals  while  they  are  at  a  temperature 
of  from  120°  to  130°.  For  farther  particulars  on  this 
head,  I  must  refer  to  Mr.  Hadow's  paper. 

GEO.  SHADBOLT. 

[This  application  is  not  a  novelty  to  us :  DR.  DIA- 
MOND has  for  some  time  added  a  small  portion  of  his 
amber  varnish  (which  is  prepared  from  chloroform)  to 
his  collodion,  and  with  satisfactory  results.  It  is  a 
pity  that  so  admirable  a  varnish  is  not  to  be  procured 
at  the  generality  of  photographic  warehouses.  We 
have  never  yet  been  able  to  procure  any  which  will 
bear  comparison  with  some  which  DR.  DIAMOND  was 
good  enough  to  prepare  for  us.  —  ED.  "  N.  &  Q."J 

Printing  Positives.  —  I  will  venture  to  assure  AMA- 
TEUR that,  —  if  he  will  follow  DR.  DIAMOND'S  formula 
for  albumenizing  Canson  paper,  either  positive  or  nega- 
tive, viz., 

Chloride  of  sodium  (salt)  -  -  5  grs. 

Chloride  of  ammonium     -  -  -  5  grs. 

Water       -  -  -   1  oz. 

Albumen,  or  the  white  of  one  egg,  which 

is  near  enough  for  the  purpose  -  1  oz. 

and  will  excite  this  paper  by  floating  it  for  about  two 
minutes  on  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  twenty  grains 
to  the  ounce,  distilled  water,  —  provided  his  che- 
micals are  good,  he  will  obtain  perfectly  satisfactory 
results. 

Let  his  fixing  bath  be  a  saturated  solution  of  hypo, 
soda,  and  if  newly  made  let  him,  as  recommended  by 
DR.  DIAMOND,  add  40  grains  of  chloride  of  silver  to 
every  8  ounces  of  the  solution.  The  addition  of  a 
grain  of  sel  d'or  to  every  8  ounces  of  solution  will 
greatly  improve  the  tones  of  colour ;  and  if,  after  some 


APKIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


time,  the  positives  become  more  of  a  brown  tint  than 
he  likes,  let  him  add  a  small  quantity  of  sel  d'or,  half  a 
grain  to  a  bath  of  from  12  to  16  ounces,  and  he  will 
find  the  dark  tints  restored. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  the  print  of  "  Horse-shoeing," 
obtained  precisely  by  the  method  described.  It  is 
rather  overprinted ;  but  if  AMATEUR  will  give  you  his 
address,  and  you  will  forward  it  to  him,  it  will  show 
him  what  tones  of  colour  and  depth  may  be  procured 
by  following  the  foregoing  directions.  C.  E.  F. 

Photographic  Excursions. —  A  few  Fellows  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  have  formed  themselves  into  a 
Photographic  Club  for  the  purpose  of  making  pe- 
riodical excursions  into  the  country,  and  so  securing 
accurate  views  of  the  objects  of  antiquarian  interest  in 
the  different  localities  they  may  visit.  As  it  is  in- 
tended that  a  copy  of  every  photograph  so  taken  shall 
be  deposited  in  the  portfolios  of  the  Society,  the  ad- 
vantages likely  to  result  from  this  little  reunion,  both 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  and  to  Archasology 
generally,  are  very  obvious. 


to  fSLivuK  &uertaf. 

" To  Garble'  (Vol.  ix., pp.  243.359.).— I  venture, 
with  deference,  to  express  a  doubt  as  to  whether 
E.  S.  T.  T.  has  correctly  defined  either  the  former 
or  the  present  meaning  of  the  verb  to  garble,  when 
he  says  "  it  meant  a  selection  of  the  good  and  the 
discarding  of  the  bad  parts  of  anything  :  its  present 
meaning  is  exactly  the  reverse  of  this."  The 
statutes  referred  to  by  your  correspondent,  the 
first  enacting  that  no  bow  staves  shall  be  sold  un- 
garbled,  and  the  second  imposing  a  penalty  on  the 
sale  of  spices  and  drugs  not  garbled,  appear  to  me 
to  indicate  the  former  meaning  of  the  word  to  have 
been  the  selection  (picking  out)  of  the  bad  and  the 
discarding  of  it.  Experience  shows  that  in  all 
operations,  involving  the  separation  of  objects 
worthless  and  of  value,  such  as  weeding,  sifting, 
and  winnowing,  the  former  is  removed  from  the 
latter  and  discarded.  This  view  of  the  case  seems 
to  be  supported  by  the  fact  of  the  dust  and  dross 
sifted  from  spices  being  called  "garbles."  The 
weeder  removes  weeds  from  flowers  or  plants,  the 
garbler  removes  garbles  from  spices  and  bad  bow 
staves  from  amongst  good  ones.  Richardson's 
Dictionary  contains  the  following  notes  under  the 
head  Garble: 

"  Fr.  Grdbeler ;  It.  Garbellare.  Cotgrave  says, 
Grabeller,  to  garble  spices,  &c.,  (and  hence)  also  to 
examine  precisely,  sift  nearly,  look  narrowly,  search 
curiously  into." 

After  giving  some  examples  of  its  use,  Richard- 
son says : 

"  As  usually  applied  in  England,  to  garble  is  to  pick 
out,  sift  out  what  may  serve  a  particular  purpose,  and 
thus  destroy  or  mutilate  the  fair  character  of  the 
whole." 


To  go  no  farther,  the  reports  of  the  parliamentary 
debates,  when  a  "  Blue  Book"  happens  to  furnish 
matter  for  discussion,  amply  confirm  Richardson's 
definition,  that  to  garble  is  to  pick  out  what  may 
serve  a  purpose.  In  this  sense,  however,  E.  S.  T.  T. 
must  admit  that  it  would  be  as  much  garbling  to 
quote  all  the  good  passages  of  a  work  as  to  quote 
all  the  bad  ones.  May  we  not  then  assume  the 
present  meaning  of  the  word  garble  to  be  this — to 
quote  passages  with  the  view  of  conveying  an  im- 
pression of  the  ability  or  intention  of  a  writer, 
which  is  not  warranted  by  the  general  scope  of  the 
work?  C.  Ross. 

"Lyra  Apostolica"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  304.).  — There 
is,  I  believe,  a  slight  inaccuracy  in  the  rotation  of 
the  names  given  at  the  above  page  as  the  writers 
in  the  Lyra  Apostolica.  They  go  in  alphabetical 
order,  thus  :  a,  Bowden ;  0,  Froude  ;  7,  Keble  ; 
5,  Newman ;  e,  Wilberforce ;  f,  Williams. 

B.  R.  A.  Y. 

The  poems  signed  f.  were  written  by  Williams, 
not  by  Wilberforce. 

Can  you  explain  the  meaning  of  the  motto  on 
the  title-page  — 

"  Tvoiev  5',  wy  5);  Srjpbj/  eyk  Tro\4^oto  irtirav/j.ai"? 

M.  D. 

[This  motto  is  from  Homer,  Iliad,  xviii.  125.  Its 
literal  translation  is,  "  They  (the  enemy)  shall  know- 
that  it  was  I  who  have  long  kept  away  from  the  war," 
and,  by  implication,  that  I  have  now  returned  to  it; 
even  I,  the  great  hero  Achilles  ;  for  he  is  the  taunting 
speaker.  Had  it  not  been  for  my  absence,  he  inti- 
mates, the  Trojans  had  not  gained  so  many  and  great 
victories.  We  must  leave  our  correspondent  to  apply 
this  Homeric  verse  to  the  Protestant  dark  ages  of  the 
Georgian  era,  and  to  the  theological  movement  of 
1833.] 

John  Bale,  Bishop  of  Ossory  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  324.).-- 
A  catalogue,  professing  to  be  a  complete  one,  of  this 
over-ardent  reformer's  voluminous  works,  with  a 
portrait,  may  be  seen  in  Holland's  Heroologia 
Anglica,  fol.  165-7.  There  are  some  curious  notices 
concerning  him  in  Blomefield's  History  of  Norwich 
(fol.  1741),  pp.  154,  155.  794.,  where  reference  is 
also  made  to  his  brother  Robert  as  a  learned  man 
and  great  writer.  WILLIAM  MATTHEWS. 

Cowgill. 

Burial  in  an  erect  Posture  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  5.  59. 
233.  455.  630.;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  279.).— How  strange  it  is 
that  all  of  us  should  have  forgotten  Charlemagne. 
When  his  tomb  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  was  opened  by 
the  Emperor  Frederic  Barbarossa  in  1165,  "he 
found  the  body  of  Charlemagne,  not  reclining  in 
his  coffin,  as  is  the  usual  fashion  of  the  dead,  but 
seated  in  his  throne,  as  one  alive,  clothed  in  the 
imperial  robes,  bearing  the  sceptre  in  his  hand,  and 
on  his  knees  a  copy  of  the  gospels."  (See  Murray's 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


Handbook  to  Belgium.)  The  throne  in  which 
the  body  was  seated,  the  sarcophagus  (of  Parian 
marble,  the  work  of  Roman  or  Greek  artists,  or- 
namented with  a  fine  bas-relief  of  the  Rape  of 
Proserpine)  in  which  the  feet  of  the  dead  king 
were  placed,  are  still  preserved  in  the  cathedral, 
where  I  saw  them  last  year,  together  with  some 
portions  of  the  robes,  and  some  curious  ancient 
embroidery :  these  last  are  not  usually  exhibited  to 
strangers.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON. 

«*  Carronade"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  246.).  — "  The  folk 
story,"  as  to  the  derivation  of  this  word  (if  such  a 
comparatively  modern  invention  deserves  such  an 
epithet,  for  the  Carron  works,  I  believe,  did  not 
exist  a  hundred  years  ago)  is  quite  correct.  This 

Sin  is  said  to  have  been  invented  in  Ireland  by 
eneral  Melville ;  but  having  been  perfected  at 
Carron,  it  thence  took  its  name. 

Landmann  (no  mean  authority  at  the  beginning 
of  this  century),  in  his  Questions  and  Answers  on 
Artillery,  says :  "  The  carronade  takes  its  name 
from  being  first  made  at  Carron." 

H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

"  Largesse"  (Vol.  v.,  p.  557.;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  209.). 
—  The  use  of  this  word  is  not  confined  to  Essex 
and  Northamptonshire,  but  extends  also  to  Norfolk. 
It  is  met  with  in  many  parishes  in  the  western 
division  of  Norfolk  :  where,  at  the  time  of  harvest, 
after  accompanying  the  last  load  of  corn  home 
with  the  procession  of  the  "  Harvest  Lady,"  it  is 
customary  that  the  labourers  on  the  several  farms 
should  go  round  their  respective  parishes,  and 
collect  various  sums  of  money,  under  the  name  of 
largesse,  at  the  houses  of  the  chief  inhabitants, 
whether  lay  or  clerical.  Few  were  to  be  met  with 
who  refused  this  species  of  "black  mail"  thus 
levied  on  them  ;  doubtless  regarding  it  as  one 
out  of  many  means  of  testifying  their  thankfulness 
to  the  "Lord  of  the  Harvest"  for  "filling  their 
mouth  with  good  things,"  and  giving  them  an 
abundance  of  "  corn  and  wine  and  oil."  2. 

This  word  is  of  common  occurrence  in  Suffolk 
during  the  shooting  season,  where  sportsmen  are 
always  greeted  with  it,  for  a  donation,  by  tire 
labourers  on  the  land  where  game  is  sought  for. 

N.  L.  J. 

Precious  Stones  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  539. ;  Vol.  ix., 
pp.  37.  88.  284.). — As  the  titles  of  so  many  works 
on  this  subject  have  been  already  given  in  your 
pages,  perhaps  I  may  be  of  some  service  to  your 
correspondents  in  farther  completing  the  list,  and 
referring  them  to  the  following  in  my  own  collec- 
tion : 

On  the  Origin  of  Gems,  by  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle: 
London,  12mo. 

The  Mirror  of  Stones,  in  which  the  Nature,  Gene- 
ration, &c.,  of  more  than  200  Jewels,  &c.,  are  distinctly 


described  by  Camillus  Leonardus,  12mo.  :  London, 
1750. 

A  Treatise  on  Diamonds  and  Pearls,  by  David 
Jeffries,  2nd  edit.,  8vo.  :  London,  1751.  [This  work, 
which  was  very  scarce,  has  been  recently  reprinted  by 
E.  Lumley  for  6s.~\ 

Traite  des  Pierres  precieuses  et  des  Pierres  fines, 
par  L.  Dutens,  12mo.  :  London,  Paris,  and  Florence. 
[Reprinted,  with  additions,  in  "  Les  CEuvres  Meles  de 
Dutens:"  Geneve,  8vo.,  1784.] 

A  Treatise  on  Diamonds  and  Precious  Stones,  by 
John  Mawe,  2nd  edit. :  London,  8vo.,  1823. 

A  Memoir  of  the  Diamond,  by  John  Murray, 
F.S.A.,  &c.,  12mo. :  London,  1831. 

Besides  these  may  be  consulted,  the  treatise  of 
Gemma,  Delle  Gernme  pretiose,  2  vols.  4to.,  a 
ponderous  map  of  obsolete  puerilities ;  the  Mine- 
ralogie  of  M.  de  Bomare  ;  the  Crystallographie  of 
M.  Rome  Delisle ;  the  essay  of  Wallerius,  De 
Lapidum  Origine ;  the  learned  researches  of  Berg- 
man, Sur  les  Pierres  precieuses,  &c. 

I  may  add,  that  a  practical  work  on  the  nature 
and  value  of  precious  stones,  comprehending  the 
opinions  and  superstitions  of  the  ancients  respect- 
ing them,  together  with  an  essay  upon  engraved 
gems,  an  account  of  celebrated  collections  and  spe- 
cimens, &c.,  is  much  wanted,  and  would  probably 
be  well  received.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

"A  Pinch  of  Snuff"  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  431. ;  Vol.  vii., 
p.  268.). — This  work  is  correctly  attributed  to 
Benson  E.  Hill,  Esq.  The  companion  volume,  A 
Paper  of  Tobacco,  of  which  F.  R.  A.  speaks  in 
just  terms  of  commendation,  was  the  production 
of  Mr.  W.  A.  Chatto,  the  ingenious  author  of  a 
History  of  Playing  Cards,  &c.  His  son,  Mr. 
Thomas  Chatto,  from  whom  I  received  this  in- 
formation, is  a  bookseller,  at  No.  25.  Museum 
Street,  Bloomsbury :  where  I  hope  his  civility, 
and  anxiety  to  serve  his  visitors,  will  ensure  the 
success  he  merits.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Darwin  on  Steam  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  271.). —  The 
lines  in  question  are  not  cited  quite  correctly  by 
UN  EDA.  They  run  as  follows  : 

"  Soon  shall  thy  arm,  unconquer'd  Steam,  afar 
Drag  the  slow  barge,  or  drive  the  rapid  car  ; 
Or  on  wide-waving  wings  expanded  bear, 
The  flying-chariot  through  the  fields  of  air." 

They  occur  in  the  First  Part  of  the  Botanic 
Garden,  p.  29.,  2nd  edit.,  4to.,  London,  1791. 

L.  (1) 

[We  are  also  indebted  to  J.  K.  R.  W.  and  other  cor- 
respondents lor  similar  replies.  ~\ 

Gale  of  Rent  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  563.  655.).  — The 
word  gale  is  used  in  the  west  of  Philadelphia 
in  the  sense  of  an  instalment.  Thus,  if  land  is 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


bought  to  be  paid  for  in  annual  sums,  one  of  these 
is  called  a  yearly  gale.  I  have  supposed,  I  cannot 
now  say  why,  that  this  was  an  Irish  expression. 

UNEDA. 

Cobb  Family  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  272.).— I  have  much 
reason  to  believe  that  MR.  ARTHUR  PAGET  will 
find  a  clue  to  his  inquiries  in  the  following  par- 
ticulars extracted  from  documents  in  my  posses- 
sion. The  estate  of  St.  Katharines  Hall,  or  St. 
Kattern's,  near  Bath,  belonged  to  the  family  of 
Blanchard;  and  in  1748  the  property  passed  to 
the  family  of  Parry  of  St.  Kattern's  by  marriage 
•with  the  heiress  of  the  Blanchards,  who  is  thus 
described  : 

«  Thomas  Parry,  and  Querinah  his  wife,  niece  and 
heiress-at-law  of  William  Blanchard,  who  was  only  son 
and  heir  of  Henry  Blanchard,  and  Querinah  his  wife," 
[only  child  of  John  Curie,  Esq.]. 

In  1795  Thomas  Parry  devised  the  estate  to 
his  son  John  Parry,  who  was  the  rector  of  Stur- 
mer,  co.  Essex  ;  and  by  his  will  [May,  1797]  his 
property  went  to  his  sisters,  Elizabeth  Knight, 
Querinah  Cobb,  and  Hannah  Parry.  Elizabeth 
married,  Aug.  1781,  Henry  Knight  of  Lansdown, 
rear  Bath.  Querinah  married,  Nov.  1781,  Wil- 
liam Milles  Cobb,  of  Ringwood,  gentleman,  third 
son  of  Christopher  Cobb,  merchant,  and  Sarah  his 
wife. 

I  have  in  my  possession  some  portraits  of  the 
Blanchard,  Curie,  and  Parry  families  ;  two  by 
Sir  Peter  Lely,  which  may  afford  MR.  PAGET 
farther  evidence  of  the  consanguinity  of  Richard 
Cobb,  Esq.,  and  the  Cobbs  of  Ringwood. 

J.  KNIGHT. 

Aylestone. 

On  the  principle  that  every  little  helps,  and  out 
of  gratitude  for  CRANMORE'S  assistance  in  the  Mil- 
ton-Minshull  controversy,  I  would  offer  the  follow- 
ing suggestions,  which  may  haply  serve  as  finger- 
posts to  direct  him  on  his  way.  William  Cobb,  Esq., 
of  Adderbury,  Oxon,  immediate  ancestor  of  the 
baronets  of  that  name  and  place,  derived  from  the 
Cobbs  of  Sandringham,  in  the  hundred  of  Free- 
bridge,  Norfolk.  Blomefield's  History  of  the  latter 
county  might  be  consulted  with  advantage.  The 
Cobbs  of  Adderbury  bore  "  Sable,  a  chevron 
argent  between  three  dolphins  naiant  embowed  or, 
a  chief  of  the  last."  Randle  Holme,  in  his  Academy 
of  Armory,  1688,  gives  the  following  as  the  arms 
of  Cobb, — "Per  chevron  sable  and  gules,  two  swans 
respecting  each  other  and  a  herring  cobb  argent." 
Thomas  Cobb,  of  Otterington,  Yorkshire,  a  loyal 
subject  of  King  Charles  I.,  compounded  for  his 
estates  in  the  sum  of  472Z.  There  is  a  brass  in 
Sharnbrook  Church,  Bedfordshire,  commemorating 
William  Cobbe,  who  died  in  1522,  Alice  his  wife, 
a  son  Thomas,  and  other  children.  T.  HUGHES 
Chester. 


"Aches"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  351.). — I  am  not  aware  of 
my  rhyme  which  fixes  the  pronunciation  of  aches 
n  the  time  of  Shakspeare,  but  I  think  the  follow  - 
ng  quite  as  decisive : 

"  Of  the  Fallacie  in  the  Accent  or  Pronunciation.  — - 
The   fallacie  of  the    accent   is,  when   a  false  thing  is 
{firmed  under  colour  of  pronouncing  it  as  another  thing 
that  is  true.     For  example  : 

'  Where  no  ache  is,  there  needs  no  salve ; 
In  the  gout  there  is  no  H, 
Therefore,  in  the  gout,  there  needs  no  salve.' " 

The  Elements  of  Logicke,  by  Peter  Dumoulin. 
Translated  out   of  the    French   copie  by 
Nathanael  De-Lawne,  with   the  Author's 
approbation:  London,  1624,  24mo. 
"  Anthony.  Thou  bleedest  apace. 
Scarus.  I  had  a  wound  here  that  was  like  a  T ; 
But  now  'tis  made  an  H." 

Ant.  and  Chop.,  Act  IV.  Sc.  7. 

See  also  on  the  "  aitch"  question,  Letters  of  an 
Irish  Student,  vol.  i.  p.  256.,  London,  1812;  and 
The  Parlour  Window,  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Man- 
gin,  p.  146.,  London,  1841.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

"Meols"  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  208.  298.).— There  is 
an  extensive  parish  called  North  Meols  (the  fa- 
vourite watering-place  of  Southport  being  within 
it)  in  the  sandy  district  to  the  south  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Ribble,  in  Lancashire.  PRESTONIENSIS. 

Polygamy  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  246.).— The  practice  of 
monogamy  had  been  established  among  the  Jews 
before  the  Christian  era,  as  is  shown  by  various 
expressions  in  the  New  Testament ;  but  their  lavr 
(like  that  of  other  oriental  nations)  still  permitted 
polygamy,  and  they  were  expressly  prohibited  by 
an  enactment  of  the  Emperor  Theodosius,  of  the 
year  393,  from  marrying  several  wives  at  the  same 
time  (Cod.  1.  9.  7.) ;  so  that  the  practice  was  not 
then  extinct  among  them.  Monogamy  was  the 
law  and  practice  of  all  the  Greek  and  Italian 
communities,  so  far  back  as  our  accounts  reach. 
There  is  no  trace  of  polygamy  in  Homer.  Even 
in  the  incestuous  marriages  supposed  by  him  in 
the  mythical  family  of  JEolus,  the  moriogamic  rule 
is  observed,  Odyssey,  x.  7.  The  Roman  law  re- 
cognised monogamy  alone,  and  hence  polygamy 
was  prohibited  in  the  entire  Roman  empire.  It 
thus  became  practically  the  rule  of  Christians,  and 
was  engrafted  into  the  canon  law  of  the  Eastern 
and  Western  Churches.  L. 

Wafers  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  376.).  —  I  have  in  my 
possession  a  volume  of  original  Italian  letters, 
addressed  to  a  Venetian  physician  (who  appears 
to  have  been  eminent  in  his  profession),  Michael 
Angelo  Rota,  written  during  the  early  part  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  Many  of  these  letters  have 
been  sealed  with  red  wafers,  still  adhering  to  the 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


paper,  and  precisely  similar  to  those  now  in  use. 
The  earliest  of  the  letters  which  I  have  found  so 
sealed  is  dated  April,  1607,  which  is  seventeen 
years  earlier  than  the  earliest  known  instance, 
mentioned  by  Beckmann  (History  of  Inventions, 
Bohn's  edit.,  vol.  i.  p.  146.),  of  a  letter  sealed  with 
a  wafer.  WALTER  SNEYD. 

Denton. 

I  have  before  me  a  reprieve  from  the  Council, 
dated  in  1599,  sealed  with  a  wafer,  and  am  certain 
that  I  have  earlier  instances,  had  I  time  at  this 
moment  to  look  them  up.  L.  B.  L. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,    ETC. 

The  Northern  Antiquaries  set  their  brethren  in  this 
country  a  noble  example.  Every  year  sees  one  or 
more  of  them  engaged  in  the  production  of  carefully- 
edited  volumes  of  early  Scandinavian  history.  We 
have  now  to  record  the  publication,  by  Professor 
Munch,  of  the  old  Norse  text  of  Kong  Olaf  Tryggve- 
son's  Saga  from  a  MS.  in  the  Library  at  Stockholm 
which  has  not  hitherto  been  made  use  of;  and  also, 
by  the  same  gentleman,  in  conjunction  with  his  friend 
Professor  Unger,  of  an  edition  of  the  Saga  Olafs  Ko- 
nungs  ens  Helga,  from  the  earliest  MS.  in  the  library 
at  Stockholm.  Each  work  is  introduced  by  a  preface 
of  great  learning,  and  illustrated  by  a  large  body  of 
valuable  notes. 

Those  who  have  shared  our  regret,  that  the  brilliant 
notices  of  books  which  occasionally  appear  in  the 
columns  of  The  Times  should  be  presented  in  a  form 
which  scarcely  admits  of  their  being  preserved,  and 
also  our  satisfaction  when  Mr.  Murray  put  forth  his 
selection  from  them  under  the  title  of  Essays  from  the 
Times,  will  be  glad  that  the  same  publisher  has  issued 
in  his  Railway  Reading  a  Second  Series  of  them,  com- 
prising fourteen  articles. 

We  may  remind  all  lovers  of  beautiful  illustrations 
of  Mediaeval  Art,  that  Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson 
will  sell  by  auction  on  Monday  next  the  entire  stock 
of  the  magnificent  publications  of  Mr.  Henry  Shaw, 
F.S.  A.,  whose  Dresses  and  Decorations  of  the  Middle 
Ages  are  a  type  of  the  whole.  Such  an  opportunity  of 
securing  copies  at  a  reasonable  rate  will  never  occur 
again.  While  on  the  subject  of  sales,  we  may  mention 
that  Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson  announce  a  sale  of 
Photographs.  This  is  the  first  instance ;  but  we  may  be 
sure,  with  the  growing  taste  for  these  accurate  and,  in 
many  cases,  also  artistic  transcripts  of  nature,  every 
season  will  see  many  similar  sales. 

At  the  anniversary  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  on 
Monday  last,  Admiral  Smyth  moved  a  vote  of  thanks 
to  MR.  BRUCE,  on  his  retirement  from  the  Treasurer- 
ship,  for  his  zeal  and  indefatigable  exertions  in  that 
office.  The  manner  in  which  the  gallant  Admiral's 
remarks  were  received  showed,  first,  that  the  reforms 
advocated  by  Mr.  Bruce  now  meet  the  general  approval 
of  the  Society  ;  and,  secondly,  that  the  warmth  of  feeling 


which  they  had  called  forth  on  both  sides  has  entirely 
disappeared. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Conde's  History  of  the  Arabs  in 
Spain,  translated  from  the  Spanish,  by  Mrs.  Jonathan 
Foster,  in  three  volumes,  Vol.  I.  Mr.  Bohn  deserves 
the  best  thanks  of  all  lovers  of  history  for  this  English 
translation  —  the  first  which  has  ever  been  made  —  of 
the  admirable  work  of  Conde.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
important  volumes  which  he  has  published  in  his 
Standard  Library.  —  The  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame 
D'Arblay,  Vol.  1 1.  The  second  volume  of  this  amusing, 
gossiping,  and  egotistical  work,  comprises  the  period 
1781 — 1786.  —  Pantomime  Budgets,  Sfc.,  a  clever 
pamphlet  in  favour  of  prepaid  taxation.  —  John  Penry, 
the  Pilgrim  Martyr,  1559 — 1593,  by  John  Wadding- 
ton.  A  violent  anti-church  biography  of  Penry,  whose 
share  in  the  Marprelate  Controversy  Mr.  Waddington 
disbelieves  on  very  insufficient  grounds. 


BOOKS  AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

LINGARD'S  ENGLAND.    Foolscap  8vo.    1844.    Vols.  I.  to  V.,  and 

X.  and  XI. 
THE  WORKS  OF  DR.  JONATHAN  SWIFT.      London,  printed  for 

C.  Bathurst,  in   Fleet  Street,   1768.      Vol.   VII.      (Vol.  VI. 

ending  with  "  Verses  on  the  Death  of  Dr.  Swift,"  written  in 

Nov.  1731.) 

BYRON'S  WORKS.    Vol.  VI.  of  Murray's  Edition.    1829. 
The  Volume  of  4he  LONDON  POLYGLOTT  which  contains  the 

Prophets.    Imperfection  in  other  parts  of  no  consequence. 
CARLISLE  ON  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS. 
THE  CIRCLE  OF  THE  SEASONS.  London,  1828.  12rao.  Two  copies. 

***  Letters,  stating  particulars  and  lowest  price,  carriage  free, 
to  be  sent  to  MR.  BELL,  Publisher  of  "  NOTli.S  AND 
QUERIES,"  186.  Fleet  Street. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

Any  of  the  occasional  Sermons  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Kingsley,  < 
Eversley,  more  particularly  THE  MISSION  OF  THE  CHURCH  TO 
THE  LABOURING  CLASSES,  and  CLOTHES  CHEAP  AND  NASTY,  by 
Parson  Lot. 

Wanted  by  H.  C.'Cowley,  Melksham,  Wilts. 

The  Numbers  of  the  BRITISH  AND  COLONIAL  QUARTERLY 
REVIEW,  published  in  1846,  by  Smith  and  Elder,  Cornhill, 
containing  a  review  of  a  work  on  graduated,  sliding-scale. 
Taxation.  Also  any  work  of  the  French  School  on  the  same 
subject,  published  from  1790  down  to  the  end  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

Wanted  by  R.  J.  Cole,  12.  Furnival's  Inn. 

BREVINT'S  CHRISTIAN  SACRAMENT  AND  SACRIFICE.  4th  Edition, 
1757.  Rivingtons. 

Wanted  by  S.  Hayward,  Bookseller,  Bath. 

J.  G.  AGARDH,  SPECIES,  GENERA,  ET  ORDINES  ALGARUM.    Royal 

8vo.    London,  1848—1853. 

LACROIX,  DIFF.  ET  INTEG.  CALCULUS.    Last  edition. 
Wanted  by  the  Rev.  Frederick  Smilhe,  Churchdown,  Gloucester 

ADMIRAL  NAPIER'S  REVOLUTION  IN  PORTUGAL.  Moxon,  Dover 
Street. 

Wanted  by  Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  Bristol. 


PLATONIS    OPERA    OMNIA    (Stallbaum).      Gpthse    et   Erfordu 
Sumptibus  Guil.  Hennings,  1832;  published  in  Jacobs  and  Rost': 
Bibliotheca  Gn-eca.     Vol.  iv.  Sect.  2.,  containing  Menexenus, 
Lysis,  Hippias  uterque,  lo. 
Wanted  by  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Mackarness,  Barnwell  Rectory,  near 
Oundle. 


APRIL  29.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


ANCIENT    COMMERCE    OF    HINDOSTAN,   forming    Vol.  VII 
"  Maurice's  Indian  Antiquities,  1796." 

Wanted  by  the  Rev,  H.  Allay,  B.-Casterton,  Stamford. 


BISHOP  O'BRIEN'S  TEN  SERMONS  ON  JUSTIFICATION. 

Wanted  by  Lieut.  Bruce,  Royal  Horse  Artillery,  Chatham. 

LATIMER'S  SERMONS.    Published  by  the  Parker  Society.    Vol.  I. 
Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols,  25.  Parliament  Street. 

PLANS  OR  MAPS  OF  ANCIENT  LONDON,  and  Representations  of 
Remarkable  and  Interesting  Objects  connected  therewith— large 
size  (such  as  Old  St.  Paul's,  Paul's  Cross,  Old  London  Bridge, 
&c.). 

A  Copy  of  No.  1.  (or  early  number)  of  "  The  Times"  Newspaper. 

A  Copy  of  one  of  the  "  Broadsheets  "  issued  during  the  Plague. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Joseph  Simpson,  Librarian,  Literary  and 
Scientific  Institution,  Islington,  London. 


to 


SIGMA.  The  Rev.  Richard  Warner,  the  Historian  of  Bath,  we 
believe,  is  still  living,  and  is  Rector  of  Chadfield,  Wilts,  and  Chel- 
wood,  Somersetshire. 

F.  S.  A.  The  orisin  as  well  as  the  demolition  of  Castell  Dinas, 
Bran,  near  Llangollen,  have  baffled  our  topographical  antiquaries. 
For  some  notices  of  this  fortress  consult  Pennant's  Tour  in  Wales, 
p.  279.,  edit.  1778  (with  a  plate  of  it)  ;  Leland's  Itinerary,  vol.  v. 
p.  51.  ;  and  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  vol.  xviii.  p.  558. 

RUSTICA.  The  Dutch  Gothic  Church,  noticed  in  The  Times  of 
the  bth  inst.,  is  in  Austin  Friars. 

J—  G.     We  did  not  succeed  in  getting  the  book. 


NEISON  ON  RAILWAY  ACCIDENTS  is  published  in  the  Journal  of 
the  Statistical  Society  for  December,  1853,  and  may  be  had  of 
Parker,  445  Strand. 

B.  T.  A.  The  line  "England,  with  all  thy  faults  I  love  thee 
still,"  is  by  Cowper(The  Task,  book  ii.). 

REV.  J.  J.  We  fear  some  injustice  was  done  —  unintentionally t 
but  fear  also  that  it  is  now  too  late  to  remedy  it. 

INQUIRER  (Birmingham).  Some  of  our  correspondents  have  met 
with  great  success  from  Mr.  Crookes'  process  ;  but  we  are  bound  to 
say  that  it  has  not  been  universal. 

G.  W.  E.  recommends  that  in  immersing  a  collodion  plate  it 
should  first  be  inserted  horizontally,  and  then  transversely  in  the 
nitrate  of  silver  bath,  as  a  sure  means 'of  avoiding  spots. 

He  is  informed  that  if  the  edges  of  his  glass  are  roughed,  it  will 
greatly  tend  to  the  adhesion  of  the  collodion.  The  nitrate  of  silver 
bath,  used  for  exciting  collodion  plates,  is  not  available  for  exciting 
albumenixed  paper  or  any  other  purpose. 

H.  C.  C.  1.  The  addition  of  cyanide  of  potassium  to  the  sensi- 
tive collodion  not  only  prevents  its  decomposition,  but  appears  to 
add  to  its  general  good  qualities.  2.  Protosulphate  of  iron  mixed 
with  your  nitrate  bath  is  quite  fatal.  3.  Good  pictures  are  con- 
stantly taken  when  the  temperature  is  below  sixty  ;  though  there 
is  no  doubt  all  chemical  action  is  quicker  in  warm  weather. 

B.  (Manchester).    See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  No.  205,  October  1,  1853. 

W.  BEATSON.  There  are  difficulties  in  the  way  of  such  an  ex- 
change of  photographic  pictures,  which  are  very  difficult  to  over- 
come. At  present  we  believe  the  Photographic  Society,  with  the 
aid  of  an  energetic  Council,  have  been  unable  to  effect  this,  even  to 
a  limited  extent. 

ERRATUM— Vol.  ix.,  p.  220.  col.  1.  line  9,  for  1533-5  read  1633-5. 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
price  10s.  6d.,  cloth,  boards.  A  few  sets  of  the  whole  Eight  Vo- 
lumes are  being  made  up,  price  4J.  4s — For  these  early  application 
is  desirable. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 


TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 

L  for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 

BEETIIAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing- its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  M.  :  double  size,  4s.  M.  ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small ;  1  Is.  to  6  small ;  21s  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETIIAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETIIAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  6't.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold   by  ?RING,    30.  Westmorland    Street; 

JACKSOX,  9.  Westland  Row;   BEWLEY 

&     EVANS,    Dublin  ;     GOULDING,    108. 

Patrick    Street,   Cork:    BARRY,   9.    Main 

Str.  c-t.    Kinsale  ;     GRATTAN,    Belfast  • 

MUH1X  x  !K,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;DUN- 

KHART,  Edinburgh.   SAN- 

GER,     l.V).  Oxford    Street;    PROUT,   229. 

,  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 

RY  &  MOORE.  Bond  Street;  H4N- 

NAY,    (13.   Oxford    Street ;    London.      All 

Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen,  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

4  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photograp  hy. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d, 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 

1       TUS,  MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue, 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials, 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 

Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art. 

An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 
GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
!  every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
!  OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
;  Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
I  proper  Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  235. 


Sale  of  Photographic  Pictures,  Landscape 
Camera  by  Home  &  Co. ;  also  Prints  and 
Drawings. 

PUTTICK    AND    SIMPSON, 

JL  Auctioneers  of  Literary  Property,  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Room, 
191.  Piccadilly,  early  in  MAY,  an  important 
Collection  of  Photographic  Pictures  by  the 
most  celebrated  Artists  and  Amateurs  ;  com- 
prising some  chefs  d'cpuvre  of  the  Art,  amongst 
•which  are  large  and  interesting  Views  taken 
in  Paris,  Rouen,  Brussels,  Switzerland,  Rome, 
Venice,  various  parts  of  England  and  Scot- 
land, Rustic  Scenes,  Architectural  Subjects, 
Antiquities,  Sec.  Also,  some  interesting  Prints 
and  Drawings. 

Catalogues  will  be  sent  on  Application  (if  at 
*  distance,  on  Receipt  of  Two  Stamps.) 


SALE  of  the  REV.   G.  S.  FA- 
BER'S.    LIBRARY. -MR.   WHITE 
has  received  instructions  to  sell  by  Auction  in 
the  Hou^e  No.  1.  North  Bailey  (next  door  to 

ge  Exliibition  Room),  Durham,  on  Tuesday, 
ay  9th,  and  three  following  days,  the  ex- 
tensive and  valuable  Library  of  the  late  REV. 
S.  S.  FABER,  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  and 
aster  of  Sherburn  Hospital,  Durham,  con- 
sisting of  editions  of  the  Fathers,  Works  on 
Divinity,  General  Literature,  &c. 

Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
of  MESSRS.  F.  &  J.  RIVINGTON.  No.  3. 
Waterloo  Place,  Pall  Mall,  and  of  MR.  S. 
LOW,  169.  Fleet  Street,  London  ;  MESSRS. 
BLACK  WOOD  &  SONS,  Edinburgh  ;  of  MR. 
ANDREWS,  Bookseller,  Durham,  and  of  the 
Auctioneer. 

Catalogues  will  be  forwarded  by  Post  by 
MR.  ANDREWS,  Bookseller,  Durham,  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps. 


PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 

JL  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  hearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
Appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
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perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir, ordrawing-room.  (Signed) 
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itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
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Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,  H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
l>er,  H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  £c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


WH.  HART,  RECORD 
.  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  in 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
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M.P. 

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Trustees. 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 
TOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  236.] 


SATURDAY,  MAY  6.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

JCOTKS  :  —  Page 

An  Encyclopaedia  of  Ventilation,  by 

BoltonCorney  -  -  -  -  415 

The  House  of  Kussell,  or  Du  Rozel,  by 

John  Macray  -  -  -  -  416 

'Ferdinand  Charles  III.,  Duke  of  Parma  417 
Orieinal  Royal  Letters  to  the  Grand 

Masters  of  Malta,  by  William  Win- 

throp         .....    417 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  "Whipping  a  Lady  —  . 
Mother  of  Thirty  Children—  "  Ought  " 
and  "  AuL'ht"—  Walton  —  Salutations 

—  Good  Times  for  Equity  Suitors  — 
The  Emperor  of  Russia  and  the  Order 

of  the  Garter       -          -          -          -    419 

QUERIES  :  — 

Sir  Henry  Wotton's  Verses,  "  The  Cha- 
racter of  a  Happy  Life,"  by  John 
Macray  .....  420 

MINOR  QUERIES:—  Plants  and  Flowers 

—  Quotations     wanted   —   Griffith, 
William,  Bishop  of  Ossory  —  "Cow- 
periana"  —  Jolin   Keats's   Poems  — 
Holland  —  Armorial  —  Stoke    and 
Upton  _  Slavery  in    England—"  Go 
to  Bath"  —  Mummy   Chests  —  The 
Blechenden     Family   —    Francklyn 
Household  Book  _  Lord    Rosehill's 
Marriage  —  Colonel  Butler  —  Willes- 
don,  co.  Middlesex         -          -          -    421 

MIXOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Ashes  of  "  Lignites  "  —  Bishop  Ba- 
thurst  —  "  Selah  "  —  The  Long  Parlia- 
ment —  "The  Three  Pigeons"  — 
Captain  Cook  —  Varnish  for  old  Books 
-Cabbages  -  -  -  -  422 


Addison's  Hymns,  by  J.  H.  Markland  424 

Longfellow,  by  John  P.  Stillwell,  &e.  -  424 
Books  burnt  by  the  Hangman,  by  E.  F. 

Woodman,  £c.     -  425 

Bade  -          -         -         -          -          -  427 

Irish  Law  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,  by 

Alexander  Andrews,  &c.  -  -  427 
Job  xix.  2<i.,  by  the  Rev.  Moses  Mar- 

goliouth     -----  428 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  _ 
Photographic  Experiences—The  Cero- 
It'ine  Process  —  On  preserving  the 
Sensitiveness  of  Collodion  Plates  -  429 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Tippet— 
Heraldic  Anomaly  —  George  Wood  of 
Chester  —Moon  Superstitions—"  My- 
self" —  Roman  Roads  in  England  — 
Anecdote  of  George  IV.  _  General 
Fraser  _  The  Fusion  —  "  Corporations 
have  no  souls"  —  Apparition  of  the 
White  Lady  —  Female  Parish  Clerk— 
Bothy—King's  Prerogative  and  Hunt- 
ing Bishops  -Green  Eyes-Brydone 
the  lounst  —  Descendants  of  John  of 
Uaunt,  Noses  of  _  "  Put  "_"  Cari- 
cature ;  a  Canterbury  Tale  "  -  -  430 

MISCELLANEOUS:— 

HJ  on  Books.  &c.          -  433 

snmlOdd  Volumes  Wanted  -    433 

;es  to  Correspondents           -  -    434 


VOL.  IX — No.  236. 


THS 


COUNTERPARTS 

or, 
THE  CROSS  OP  LOVE  ; 

By  the  Author  of 
"CHARLES  ANCHESTER," 

Is  just  out. 
In  Three  Volumes. 

London  :  SMITH,  ELDER,  &  CO., 
65.  Cornhill. 


THE  WATERLOO  BANQUET 
AT  APS  LEY  HOUSE,  and  numerous 
others  of  the  Finest  Works  of  Art.  are  now  for 
the  first  time  reduced  below  the  prices  at  which 
they  were  originally  published  :  see  AN 
HISTORIC  AND  DESCRIPTIVE  CATA- 
LOGUE of  Fine  and  Important  Engravings, 
including  all  the  Publications  of  Mr.  Alderman 
Moon,  who  has  retired  from  Business,  now 
published  by  THOMAS  BOYS  (of  the  late 
firm  of  Moon,  Boys,  and  Graves),  Printseller 
to  the  Royal  Family,  467.  Oxford  Street, 
London.  This  Catalogue  occupies  Sixty  Pasres 
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IL  THE  DANUBIAN  PRINCIPALI- 
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Just  published,  in  fcp.  8vo.  price,  in  cloth,  6s. 

THE  STATISTICAL  COM- 
PANION for  1854  :  exhibiting  the  most 
interesting  Facts  in  Moral  and  Intellectual, 
Vital,  Economical,  and  Political  Statistics,  at 
Home  and  Abroad.  Compiled  by  T.  C.  BAN- 
FIELD,  Esq. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


ANNOTATED  EDITION  OF   THE  EN- 
GLISH POETS.    By  ROBERT  BELL. 

In  Monthly  Volumes,  2s.  6cZ.  each,  in  cloth. 

This  Day,  the  Third  and  Concluding  Volume 
of 

DRYDEN'S      POETICAL 
WORKS. 

Already  published. 

COWPER.    Vol.  I. 
DRYDEN.     Vols.  I.  and  II. 

SURREY,  MINOR  CON- 
TEMPORANEOUS POETS,  and  SACK- 
V1LLE,  LORD  BUCKHURST. 

On  the  First  of  June,  the  Second  Volume  of 

COWPER'S    POETICAL 

WORKS. 

London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON. 
West  Strand. 


8vo.,  10s. 

LA   NORMANDIE   SOUTER- 
RAINE,  ou  Notices  sur  des  Cimetierea 
romains  et  francs  explores  en  Normandie,  par 
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numens,  etc.,  a  Dieppe.    8vo.,  17  planches. 
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Rouen  :  LEBRUMENT. 

Oxford  :  J.  H.  PARKER,  and  377.  Strand, 

London. 


THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 
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JL     By  the   celebrated  JOHN  BLEWITT. 

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London  :  ROBERT  COCKS  &  CO.,  New  Bur- 
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T7XCELSIOR.     Ballad;   Words 

[I/  by  LONGFELLOW,  Music  by  MISS 
LINDSAY.  Beautifully  Illustrated.  2s.  6d. 

"  Some  beautiful  words  of  Longfellow  are 
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lented lady.  Thi.s  ballad  is  quite  out  of  the 
way  of  the  common-place  productions  of  the 
day.  It  is  evidently  a  heart-offering  both  from 
the  poet  and  the  gifted  musician." 

London  :  ROBERT  COCKS  &  CO.,  New  Bur- 
lington Street,  Music  Publishers  to  the 
Queen.. 


414 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  G,  1854. 


AN    ENCYCLOPAEDIA.    OP    VENTILATION. 

"  The  House  \_of  Commons]  met  to-day  [21th  April'] 
after  the  Easter  holidays  —  and  honourable  members,  on 
entering,  seemed  highly  to  appreciate  the  unusual  luxury 
of  a  little  fresh  air"—  THE  TIMES,  28th  April. 

The  failure  of  some  late  attempts  to  ventilate 
public  buildings  invites  me  to  set  forth  an  Ency- 
clopcedia  of  ventilation  —  at  a  cheap  rate,  and  in  a 
compendious  form. 

Aware  of  the  abilities  and  celebrity  of  many  of 
the  writers  on  this  subject  —  from  Whitehurst 
and  Franklin  to  Reid  and  Gurney  —  I  must  ward 
off  the  imputation  of  self-conceit  by  expressing 
my  belief  that  the  errors  of  those  who  have  failed 
should  be  chiefly  ascribed  to  excessive  cleverness ; 
to  unadvised  attempts  at  outwitting  nature!  I 
hope  to  escape  that  snare.  In  the  execution  of 
my  humble  task,  I  shall  entirely  rely  on  common 
sense  and  common  experience. 

AIB  is  essential  to  human  life,  and  as  respiration 
destroys  its  vital  qualities,  the  ventilation  of  rooms 
which  are  intended  for  habitation  should  be  a 
primary  object  in  all  architectural  plans. 

Architects,  however,  seldom  provide  for  the 
ventilation  of  rooms  otherwise  than  as  they  pro- 
vide for  the  admission  of  light.  Now  the  pro- 
perties of  light  and  air,  with  reference  to  our 
domestic  requirements,  differ  in  some  important 
particulars — of  which  it  may  notttbe  amiss  to  give 
a  brief  enumeration. 

Light  moves  with  uniform  velocity :  air  is 
sometimes  quiescent,  and  sometimes  moves  at  the 
rate  of  thirty  miles  an  hour.  Light  diffuses  itself 
with  much  uniformity:  air  passes  in  a  current 
from  the  point  of  its  entrance  to  that  of  its  exit. 
Light,  whatever  be  its  velocity,  has  no  sensible 
effect  on  the  human  frame  :  air,  in  the  shape  of  a 
partial  current,  is  both  offensive  to  the  feelings 
and  productive  of  serious  diseases.  Light,  once 
admitted,  supplies  our  wants  till  nightfall:  air 
requires  to  be  replaced  at  very  short  intervals. 
Light  may  be  conveniently  adnjitted  from  above  : 
air  requires  to  be  admitted  on  the  level  of  the 
sitter.  Light,  by  the  aid  of  ground  glass,  may  be 
modified  permanently :  air  requires  to  be  va- 
riously adjusted  according  to  its  direction,  its 
velocity,  the  seasons,  the  time  of  the  day,  the 
number  of  persons  assembled,  &c. 

An  attentive  consideration  of  the  above  cir- 
cumstances leads  me  to  certain  conclusions  which 
I  shall  now  state  aphoristically,  and  proceed  to 
describe  in  more  detail. 

A  room  designed  for  a  numerous  assemblage  of 
persons  —  as  a  reading-room,  a  lecture-room,  or 
a  school-room  —  should  be  provided  with  aper- 


tures, adapted  to  admit  spontaneous  supplies  of 
fresh  air,  in  such  variable  quantities  as  may  be 
required,  on  at  least  two  of  its  opposite  sides,  and 
within  three  feet  from  the  floor ;  also,  with  aper- 
tures in  the  ceiling,  or  on  a  level  therewith,  to 
promote  the  exit  of  the  vitiated  air.  The  aper- 
tures of  both  descriptions  may  be  quite  distinct 
from  those  which  admit  light. 

Suppose  a  room  to  be  twenty-four  feet  square, 
and  sixteen  feet  in  height,  with  two  apertures  for 
light  on  each  side,  each  aperture  being  three  feet 
wide  by  eight  feet  in  height,  and  rising  from  the 
floor.  There  are  not  many  rooms  constructed  on 
a  plan  so  favourable  to  the  admission  of  fresh  air 
—  but  it  has  some  serious  defects.  1.  The  air 
would  enter  in  broad  and  partial  currents.  2.  It 
would  not  reach  the  angular  portions  of  the  room. 
3.  The  vitiated  air  might  rise  above  the  apertures, 
and  so  accumulate  without  the  means  of  escape. 

Now,  suppose  the  same  room  to  have  its  aper- 
tures at  eight  feet  from  the  floor,  and  so  to  reach 
the  ceiling.  The  escape  of  the  vitiated  air  might 
then  take  place — if  not  prevented  by  a  counter- 
current.  But  whence  comes  the  fresh  air  for  the 
occupants  ?  There  is  no  direct  provision  for  its 
admission.  The  elevated  apertures  are  utterly  in- 
sufficient for  that  purpose ;  and  the  perpetual  re- 
quisite is  no  otherwise  afforded  than  by  the  occasional 
opening  of  a  door  ! 

It  being  thus  established  that  the  same  aper- 
tures can  never  effectually  serve  for  light  and 
ventilation,  I  propose  with  regard  to  reading- 
rooms,  lecture-rooms,  and  school-rooms,  which 
require  accommodation  for  books,  maps,  charts, 
and  drawings,  rather  than  a  view  of  external  ob- 
jects, that  the  windows  should  be  placed  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  room  —  that  the  admission  of 
fresh  air  should  be  provided  for  by  ducts  near  the 
floor — and  the  escape  of  the  vitiated  air  by  open- 
ings in,  or  on  a  level  with,  the  ceiling. 

The  number  of  windows,  and  their  size,  must 
depend  on  the  size  of  the  room.  If  windows  are 
to  admit  light  only,  a  smaller  number  may  be  suf- 
ficient, and  they  may  not  be  required  on  more 
than  one  side  ;  a  circumstance  which  recommends 
the  plan  proposed,  as  we  can  seldom  have  win- 
dows on  each  side  of  a  room,  or  even  on  two  of 
its  opposite  sides,  but  may  devise  a  method  of  so 
admitting  air. 

Rejecting  the  use  of  windows  as  a  means  of 
ventilation,  and  rejecting  artificial  currents  of 
every  description,  I  propose  the  substitution  of  air- 
ducts  of  incorrodible  iron,  to  be  inserted  horizon- 
tally in  the  walls  of  at  least  two  opposite  sides  of 
the  room,  within  three  feet  from  the  floor,  and  at 
intervals  of  about  four  feet.  The  ducts  to  be  six 
or  eight  inches  in  diameter,  according  to  the  size 
of  the  room.  The  external  orifice  of  each  duct  to 
be  formed  of  perforated  zinc,  and  the  internal 
orifice,  which  may  be  trumpet-shaped,  of  perfo- 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


rated  zinc  or  wire-gauze,  with  a  device  which 
would  serve  to  adjust  the  quantum  of  air  ac- 
cording to  circumstances,  and  to  exclude  it  at 
night.  By  such  contrivances,  while  the  offensive 
and  noxious  currents  which  proceed  from  wide 
openings  would  be  obviated,  the  supplies  of  fresh 
air  would  always  be  equal  to  the  demand.  The 
purest  air  may  not  be  accessible — but,  as  Frank- 
lin says,  "  no  common  air  from  without  is  so  un- 
wholesome as  the  air  within  a  close  room." 

The  escape  of  the  vitiated  air  requires  less  con- 
sideration. If  the  ceiling  of  the  room  be  flat, 
with  another  room  above  it,  the  upper  part  of 
each  window,  in  the  shape  of  a  narrow  slip,  might 
be  made  to  act  as  a  sort  of  safety-valve ;  but  if 
the  windows  are  on  one  side  only,  corresponding 
openings  should  be  made  on  the  opposite  side,  so 
that  there  would  almost  always  be,  more  or  less,  a 
leeward  opening.  A  vaulted  ceiling,  without  any 
other  room  over  it,  seems  to  be  the  most  desirable 
form,  as  the  vitiated  air  would  rise  and  collect  to- 
wards its  centre,  where  there  could  be  no  counter- 
current  to  impede  its  egress. 

It  is  the  union  of  those  two  objects,  the  admission 
of  fresh  air  and  the  riddance  of  the  vitiated  air, 
skilfully  and  economically  effected,  which  forms 
the  circle  of  the  science  of  ventilation. 

I  have  restricted  myself  to  the  means  of  ven- 
tilation, which  is  requisite  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year,  but  am  quite  aware  that  warmth,  or  a  tem- 
perature above  that  of  the  external  air,  is  some- 
times indispensable  to  health  and  comfort,  and 
therefore  to  the  free  exercise  of  the  faculties.  I 
believe,  however,  that  the  means  proposed  for  the 
admission  of  fresh  air  might  also  be  made  avail- 
able for  the  admission  of  heated  air,  and  that 
either  description  of  air  might  be  admitted  inde- 
pendently of  the  other,  or  both  descriptions  simul- 
taneously. 

A  vast  increase  of  reading-rooms,  lecture-rooms, 
and  school-rooms,  may  be  safely  predicted,  and 
as  the  due  ventilation  of  such  rooms  is  a  project 
of  undeniable  importance,  I  hope  this  note,  eccen- 
tric in  form,  but  earnest  as  to  its  purpose,  may 
invite  the  remarks  of  others  more  conversant  with 
architecture  and  physics — either  in  correction,  or/ 
confirmation,  or  extension,  of  its  general  prin- 
ciples and  details.  BOLTON  CORNET. 

The  Terrace,  Barnes, 
28th  April,  1854. 


THE    HOUSE    OF   RUSSELL,    OR    DU    ROZEL. 

At  a  time  when  the  readers  of  "  1ST.  &  Q.,"  and 
the  world  at  large,  have  been  hearing  of  the  gift 
of  a  bell  to  a  village  church  in  Normandy,  so 
pleasantly  and  readily  made  by  the  princely  house 
of  Russell,  far  exceeding  the  modest  solicitation 
of  the  cure  for  assistance  by  way  of  a  subscription, 


in  remembrance  of  the  Du  Rozels  having  left 
their  native  patrimony  in  France  to  share  the 
fortunes  of  the  Conqueror  in  Old  England,  the 
following  particulars  may  not  be  uninteresting. 

Mr.  Wiffen,  when  compiling  his  elaborate  His- 
torical Memoirs  of  the  House  of  Russell,  from  the 
Time  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  had  occasion  to 
make  some  inquiries  respecting  a  statement  put 
forth  by  a  M.  Richard  Seguin,  a  rich  dealer  in 
merceries  and  wooden  shoes  at  Vire,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Calvados ;  who,  it  appears,  had  a 
mania  for  appropriating  the  literary  labours  of 
others  as  his  own,  and,  in  fact,  is  stigmatised  as 
a  voleur  litteraire  by  M.  Querard,  in  his  curious 
work  entitled  Les  Supercheries  Litteraires  De- 
voilees.  Mr.  Wiffen  wished  to  ascertain  M.  Se- 
guin's  authority  for  affirming  in  some  work,  the 
name  of  which  is  not  given  by  M.  Querard,  but 
which  is  probably  the  Histoire  du  Pays  cTAuge  et 
des  Eveques  Comtes  de  Lisieux,  Vire,  1832,  that 
the  Du  Rozels  were  descended  from  Bertrand  de 
Briquebec.  M.  Seguin's  reply  is  contained  in  the 
following  letter  from  M.  Le  Normand  of  Vire,  to 
whom  Mr.  Wiffen  had  written,  requesting  him  to 
obtain  M.  Seguin's  authority  for  his  statement : 

"  J'ai  vu  M.  Seguin,  et  je  lui  at  demands  d'ou  pro- 
venaient  les  renseignements  dont  il  s'etait  servi  pour 
dire  dans  son  ouvrage  que  les  Du  Rozel  descendaient 
des  Bertrand  de  Bricquebee.  //  ma  repondu  qu'il 
I'ignorait;  qu'il  avait  eu  en  sa  possession  une  grande 
quantite  de  Copies  de  Chartres  et  d'anciens  litres  qui 
lui  avaient  fourni  les  materiaux  de  son  histoire,  mats 
qu'il  ne  savait  nullement  d'ou,  elles  provenaient."  —  His- 
torical Memoirs,  §-c.,  vol.  i.  p.  5.  n.  1. 

The  fact  appears  to  be,  that  M.  Seguin  had  ob- 
tained possession,  through  marriage,  of  a  quantity 
of  MSS.,  and  was  in  the  habit  of  printing  them  as 
his  own  works.  Some  of  them  had  belonged  to 
an  Abbe  Lefranc,  one  of  the  priests  who  were 
murdered  in  the  diabolical  massacre  of  the  clergy 
in  the  prisons  of  Paris  in  September,  1792  ;  and 
others  of  the  MSS.  had  been  the  property  of  a 
M.  Noel  Deshayes,  Cure  de  Compigni,  whose 
Memoires  pour  servir  a,  V Histoire  des  Eveques  de 
Lisieux,  were  published  by  Seguin  as  his  own, 
but  altered  and  disfigured  under  the  title  of — 

"  Histoire  du  Pays  d'Auge  et  des  Eveques  Comtes 
de  Lisieux,  contenant  des  Notions  sur  1'Archeologie, 
les  Droits,  Coutumes,  Franchises  et  Libertes  du  Bocage 
et  de  la  Normandie ;  Vire,  Adam,  1832." 

The  MS.,  however,  from  which  Seguin  printed 
his  forgery,  turns  out  to  have  been  but  a  copy ; 
the  original  having  since  been  discovered  by  M. 
Formeville  in  the  library  of  the  Seminaire  of 
Evreux,  and  is  now  about  to  be  published  by  that 
gentleman  (see  Supercheries,  torn,  iv.,  Paris,  18-52). 
By  a  just  retribution,  M.  Formeville  is  one  of  the 
literary  men  to  whom  Seguin  refused  to  point  out 
his  original  authorities.  M.  Querard  quotes  some 


MAY  G.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


417 


passages,  in  juxtaposition,  from  Seguin's  pretended 
•work  and  from  the  original  MS.,  to  show  how  the 
latter  had  been  altered  and  corrupted  in  the 
printed  copy.  M.  Seguin  was  quite  illiterate, 
and  has  committed  the  most  egregious  blunders 
In  his  chef  d'ceuvre  de  plagiat,  as  his  Histoire  du 
Pays  d'Auge  is  termed  by  Querard.  Many  other 
authors,  besides  Mr.  Wiffen  and  M.  Formeville, 
wrote  to  Seguin  for  his  authorities  on  various 
subjects,  but  he  never  pointed  out  a  single  one. 
Full  details  are  given  of  his  literary  thefts  by 
M.  Querard  and  his  coadjutors.  When  the  ori- 
ginal work  of  M.  Deshayes  appears,  in  its  genuine 
state,  as  promised  by  M.  Formeville,  the  world 
will  then  learn  what  was  really  stated  respecting 
the  descent  of  the  Du  Rozels  from  Bertrand  de 
Briquebec ;  although  the  amiable  and  accom- 
plished Mr.  Wiffen  is  no  longer  living  to  avail 
himself  of  the  information.  Seguin  died  in  1847. 


JOHN  MACRAY. 


Oxford. 


FERDINAND    CHARLES   III.,    DUKE    OF   PARMA. 

Englishmen  might,  perhaps,  feel  even  more  horror 
than  they  will  do  at  the  assassination,  on  Mar.  26, 
of  the  Duke  of  Parma,  if  they  were  reminded 
that  he  was  the  representative  and  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Charles  I.,  and  as  such  possessed  a 
claim,  by  hereditary  descent,  on  our  Crown,  supe- 
rior to  that  of  our  gracious  Queen,  who  is  only 
lineally  descended  from  James  I. 

I  subjoin  his  pedigree  : 

Charles  I.= 


Henrietta  Mana=PhiIip  Due  d'Orleans. 


Anna  Maria= Victor  Arr.adeus  II.,  Duke  of  Savoy  and  King  of 
I      Sardinia. 

~| 

Charles  Emanuel  III.,  King  of  Sardinia,  1730= 


Victor  Amadeus  III.,  King  of  Sardinia: 


Victor  Emanuel,  King  of  Sardinia,  1802= 

Maria  Theresa=Charles  II.,  Duke  of  Parma. 
I 


Ferdinand  Charles  III.,  Duke  of  Parma,  born  January  14, 1823, 
married,  November  10, 1845,  Louisa  Maria  Theresa  of  Bourbon, 
daughter  of  the  late  Due  de  Berry,  and  was  assassinated 
March  26,  1854. 

It  is  rather  a  singular  circumstance,  that  the 
Duchess  of  Parma  should  have  been  the  wife  of 
the  hereditary  heir  to  the  throne  of  England,  and 
the  sister  of  the  hereditary  heir  to  the  throne  of 
France,— her  husband,  the  Duke  of  Parma,  hav- 
ing been  the  representative  of  the  House  of  Stuart, 


— and  her  brother,  the  Count  de  Chambord,  being 
the  representative  of  the  House  of  Bourbon. 

E.  S.  S.  W. 


ORIGINAL  ENGLISH   ROYAL  LETTERS  TO  THE  GRAND 
MASTERS    OF    MALTA. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  267.) 

Through  the  great  kindness  of  my  old  friend  at 
this  island,  Frederick  Sedley,  Esq.,  and  the  con- 
tinued and  constant  assistance  of  Dr.  Vella,  I  am 
now  enabled  to  forward  correct  translations  of  the 
seven  remaining  letters  bearing  the  autograph  of 
Charles  II.  Mindful  of  the  space  which  will  be 
required  for  their  insertion  in  "N".  £  Q.,"  I  shall 
confine  myself  to  a  few  preliminary  remarks. 

The  first  letter  in  the  following  list  is  the  earliest 
in  date,  as  it  is  of  the  greatest  interest.  In  it  we 
have,  for  the  first  time,  found  a  curious  statement 
recorded  by  an  English  monarch,  making  known 
that  he  not  only  built  his  galleys  for  the  protection 
of  trade  in  this  sea  in  different  ports  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  purchased  the  slaves  to  man  them  of 
the  Order  of  Malta,  but  also  complaining  to  the 
Grand  Master  for  permitting  the  collector  of  cus- 
toms to  charge  an  export  toll  of  "  five  pieces  of 
gold  per  head,"  which  he  considered  an  unjust  tax 
on  this  hind  of  commerce,  and  the  more  especially 
so,  because  it  was  not  demanded  from  his  neigh- 
bours and  allies,  the  Kings  of  France  and  Spain. 
That  the  Knights  of  St.  John  made  their  prisoners 
slaves,  disposing  of  some  to  the  wealthy  residents  or 
natives  of  the  island,  and  employing  others  in  the 
erection  of  their  dwellings,  palaces,  and  fortifica- 
tions, is  well  known. 

Historians  have  stated  that  when  Dragut  landed 
at  Malta,  in  July,  1551,  with  Sinam,  his  admiral, 
who  was  in  joint  command,  they  went  to  the  sum- 
mit of  Mount  Sceberras  to  reconnoitre  before  an< 
attack  should  be  made  on  the  convent.  When 
employed  on  this  service,  Sinam,  who  was  opposed 
to  any  hostile  movement,  pointing  to  the  castle,, 
thus  remarked,  "  Surely  no  eagle  could  haver 
chosen  a  more  craggy  and  difficult  place  to  make- 
his  nest  in.  Dost  thou  not  see  that  men  must 
have  wings  to  get  up  to  it,  and  that  all  the  artil- 
lery and  troops  of  the  universe  would  not  be  able 
to  take  it  by  force  ? "  An  old  Turkish  officer  of 
his  suite,  addressing  Dragut,  thus  continued,  — 
"  See'st  thou  that  bulwark  which  juts  out  in  the 
sea,  and  on  which  the  Maltese  have  planted  the 
great  standard  of  their  order  ?  I  can  assure  thee 
that  whilst  I  was  &  prisoner  with  them,  I  have  helped 
to  carry  the  large  stones  of  which  it  is  built,  and  am 
pretty  sure  that  before  thou  canst  make  thyself 
master  of  it,  thou  wilt  be  overtaken  by  the  winter 
season;  and  probably  likewise  prevented  from  suc- 
ceeding by  some  powerful  succours  from  Europe." 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  this  remark  was 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


feelingly  made,  and  that  the  aged  Turk  who 
uttered  it  had  experienced,  during  his  residence 
as  a  prisoner  at  Malta,  all  the  horrors  of  slavery. 
That  no  consideration  was  given  to  the  comfort  of 
a  slave,  and  little  value  set  on  his  life,  will  be 
briefly  shown  by  the  following  anecdote :  —  On  the 
13th  of  April,  1534,  an  accusation  was  made 
against  an  English  knight  of  the  name  of  Massim- 
berg,  to  the  effect  that  he  had  unwarrantably 
drawn  his  sword  and  killed  four  galley  slaves;  and 
being  convicted  of  the  crime  on  the  18th  of  May 
of  the  same  year,  he  was  asked  why  judgment 
should  not  be  given  against  him.  Massimberg 
thus  replied,  "  In  killing  the  four  slaves  I  did  well, 
but  in  not  having  at  the  same  time  killed  our  old  and 
imbecile  Grand  Master  I  did  badly."  This  plea 
not  being  considered  satisfactory,  he  was  deprived 
of  his  habit ;  but  two  days  afterwards,  that  is,  on 
the  20th  May,  1534,  he  was  reinstated  in  the 
Order,  though  for  a  time  not  permitted  to  enjoy 
his  former  dignity  of  a  commander.  This  knight 
was  also  accused  of  having  stolen  a  slave  from  a 
Maltese ;  but  this  accusation  he  stoutly  denied, 
giving,  in  proof  of  his  innocence,  that  the  man 
bore  on  his  shoulder  a  brand,  or  mark,  by  which  he 
could  be  easily  known  as  belonging  to  him.  (Vide 
Manuscript  Records  of  the  Order.) 

The  next  letter  in  the  following  list  to  which  I 
would  briefly  call  attention  is  that  under  date  of 
June  21st,  1675,  in  which  His  Majesty  Charles  II. 
refers  to  a  misunderstanding  which  had  taken 
place  between  his  admiral,  Sir  John  ISTarbrough, 
and  the  Order  of  Malta.  The  nature  of  this 
difficulty  is  well  explained  by  giving  a  correct 
copy  of  the  admiral's  letter  to  the  Grand  Master, 
which  I  have  taken  from  the  original  now  on  file 
in  the  Record  Office  of  this  island.  It  reads  as 
follows : — 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince,  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta. 

Most  eminent  Sir, 

After  the  tender  of  my  humble  service,  with  my 
hearty  thanks  for  the  manifold  favours  vouchsafed 
unto  my  Master,  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  &c., 
and  for  your  highness'  extraordinary  kindness 
manifested  to  myself — and,  most  eminent  sir,  since" 
your  favour  of  product,  I  have  sent  on  shore  one  of 
my  captains  to  wait  upon  your  highness  with  the 
presentment  of  this  my  grateful  letter,  and  withal 
to  certify  to  your  eminence  that  I  did,  and  do  ex- 
pect, a  salute  to  be  given  by  your  highness  to  my 
Master  s  flag  which  I  carry,  correspondent  to  the 
salutes  which  you  give  to  the  flags  of  the  King  of 
Spain  and  the  King  of  France,  which  are  carried 
in  the  same  place,  it  being  the  expectation  of  the 
King  my  Master. 

Formerly  your  eminence  was  pleased  to  make 
some  scruple  of  my  command  as  admiral,  which  I 
humbly  conceive  your  highness  is  fully  satisfied  in, 


since  you  received  the  last  letter  from  the  King  of 
Great  Britain. 

Sir,  I  have,  since  my  arrival  at  your  eminence's 
port,  often  employed  the  Consul  Desclaous  to 
wait  upon  your  highness  concerning  the  salutes,  but 
have  not  received  any  satisfactory  answer  thereto, 
which  I  now  humbly  desire  may  be  returned  unto 
me  by  my  officer ;  and  withal,  that  your  eminence 
will  be  pleased  to  honour  me  with  your  commands 
wherein  I  may  serve  you,  which  shall  be  most 
cheerfully  embraced,  and  readily  performed  by, 

Most  eminent  Sir, 
Your  highness'  most  humble 

And  faithful  Servant, 
JOHN  NARBROTJGH. 

On  board  His  Majesty's  Ship  Henrietta, 
Malta,  October  17,  1675. 

That  the  complaints  of  Sir  John  N"arbrough, 
with  reference  to  the  Grand  Master's  refusal  to 
salute  the  English  flag,  were,  in  the  end,  satis- 
factorily explained  and  removed,  will  be  seen  by 
the  following  extracts  taken  from  the  Diary  of 
Henry  Teonge,  published  in  London  in  1825. 
The  reverend  writer  was  serving  as  chaplain  on 
board  H.  M.  S.  "Assistance"  at  the  time 
(1675-76)  his  notes  were  written. 

L 

"  August  1,  1675. — This  morn  wee  com  near  Malta; 
before  wee  com  to  the  cytty,  a  boate  with  the  Malteese 
flagg  in  it  corns  to  us  to  know  whence  wee  cam.  "Wee 
told  them  from  England;  they  asked  if  wee  had  a  bill 
of  health  for  prattick,  viz.,  entertaynment ;  our  captain 
told  them  he  had  no  bill  but  what  was  in  his  guns'  mouths. 
Wee  cam  on  and  anchored  in  the  harbour  betweene  the 
old  towne  and  the  new,  about  nine  of  the  clock ;  but 
must  waite  the  governour's  leasure  to  have  leave  to  com 
on  shoare,  which  was  detarded  because  our  captain  would 
not  salute  the  cytty,  except  they  would  retaliate.  At  last 
cam  the  Consull  with  his  attendants  to  our  ship  (but 
would  not  com  on  board  till  our  captain  had  been  on 
shoare)  to  tell  us  that  we  had  leave  to  com  on  shoare 
six,  or  eight,  or  ten,  at  a  time,  and  might  have 
anything  that  was  there  to  be  had ;  with  a  promise  to 
accept  our  salute  kindly.  Wherupon  our  captain  tooke 
a  glasse  of  sack,  and  drank  a  health  to  King  Charles, 
and  fyred  seven  gunns  :  the  cytty  gave  us  five  againe, 
which  was  more  than  they  had  don  to  all  our  men  of 
warr  that  cam  thither  before." 

"  August  2.  —  This  cytty  is  compassed  almost  cleane 
round  with  the  sea,  which  makes  severall  safe  harbours 
for  hundreds  of  shipps.  The  people  are  generally  ex- 
treamly  courteouse,  but  especially  to  the  English.  A 
man  cannot  demonstrate  all  their  excellency s  and 
ingenuitys.  Let  it  suffice  to  say  thus  much  of  this 
place :  viz.  Had  a  man  no  other  business  to  invite 
him,  yet  it  were  sufficiently  worth  a  man's  cost  and 
paines  to  make  a  voyage  out  of  England  on  purpose 
to  see  that  noble  cytty  of  Malta,  and  their  works  and 
fortifications  about  it.  Several  of  their  knights  and 
cavaliers  cam  on  board  us,  six  at  one  time,  men  of 
sufficient  courage  and  friendly  carriage,  wishing  us 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


good  successe  in  our  voyage,  with  whom  I  had  much 
discourse,  I  being  the  only  entertainer,  because  I  could 
speak  Latine;  for  which  I  was  highly  esteemed,  and 
much  invited  on  shoare  again." 

"  August  3.  —  This  morning  a  boate  of  ladys  with 
their  musick  to  our  ship  syd,  and  bottels  of  wine  with 
them.  They  went  severall  times  about  our  ship,  and 
sang  several  songs  very  sweetly  ;  very  rich  in  habitt, 
and  very  courteous  in  behaviour ;  but  would  not  com 
-on  board,  though  invited ;  but  having  taken  their 
friscs,  returned  as  they  cam.  After  them  cam,  in  a 
boate,  four  fryars,  and  cam  round  about  our  ship,  puld 
off  their  hatts  and  capps,  saluted  us  with  congjes,  and 
departed.  After  them  cam  a  boat  of  musitians,  playd 
severall  lessons  as  they  rowed  gently  round  about  us, 
and  went  their  way." 

"  August  4.  —  This  morning  our  captain  was  invited 
to  dine  with  the  Grand  Master,  which  hindered  our 
departure.  In  the  mean  time  wee  have  severall  of  the 
Malteese  com  to  visit  us,  all  extreamly  courteous.  And 
now  wee  are  preparing  to  sail  for  Tripoly.  Deus 
vortat  bene. 

*'  Thus  wee,  th'  '  Assistance,'  and  the  new  Sattee, 
Doe  steare  our  course  poynt  blanke  for  Trypoly ; 
Our   ship    new   rigged,  well  stord  with  pigg,  and 

ghoose  a, 
Henns,  ducks,  and  turkeys,  and  wine  cald  Syracoosa." 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Teonge,  having  returned  to  Malta 
on  the  llth  of  January,  1675-6,  thus  continues  : — 

"  This  morning  wee  see  the  famous  island  of  Malta ; 
coming  under  Goza,  a  small  island  adjoyning  to  Malta, 
wee  discover  a  sayle  creeping  closse  to  the  shoare  ;  we 
hayle  her  with  a  shott  —  she  would  not  budge;  we 
sent  a  second,  and  then  a  third,  falling  very  neare  her; 
then  the  leiuetenant  cam  aboard  us,  and  payd  for  the 
shott ;  it  proved  a  pittifull  Frenchman." 

"January  \12 A  little  after  one  a  clock  wee  are 

at  anchor  in  Malta  harbour,  and  have  many  salute*. 
But  we  have  no  prattick  by  reason  of  the  plague,  which 
is  begun  heare." 

"January  15.  —  This  morning  wee  warp  out  of  the 
harbour  with  six  merchantmen  and  a  doggar,  which 
wee  are  to  convoy  towards  the  strait's  mouth.  Here 
also  wee  took  in  two  mounths'  provisions  and  fresh 
water.  And  as  wee  goe  out  wee  meete  six  gallys  of 
Malta  coming  in  in  all  their  pompe,  and  they  salute 
us,  and  wee  them,  and  part.  And  heare  at  Malta 
(which  was  very  strainge  to  mee),  at  this  time  of  the 
year,  wee  have  radishes,  cabbiges,  and  excellent  colly 
flowers,  and  large  ones  for  a  penny  a-piece." 

On  the  29th  January,  1675-6,  the  reverend 
writer  again  returned  to  Malta,  and  made  under 
this  date  the  following  note  :  — 

"  This  day  David  Thomas  and  Marlin,  the  coock, 
and  our  master's  boy,  had  their  hands  stretched  out,  and 
with  *.heir  backs  to  the  rayles,  and  the  master's  boy 
with  his  back  to  the  maine  mast,  all  looking  one  upon 
the  other,  and  in  each  of  their  mouths  a  mandler  spike, 
viz.,  an  iron  pinn  clapt  closse  into  their  mouths,  and 
tyd  behind  their  heads ;  and  there  they  stood  a  whole 
houre,  till  their  mouths  were  very  bloody,  an  excellent 
cure  for  swearers" 


"  February  4.  —  This  day  dined  with  us  Sir  Roger 
Strickland,  Captaine  Temple,  Captaine  Harrice,  and  one 
gentleman  more.  Wee  had  a  gallant  baked  pudding, 
an  excellent  legg  of  porke,  and  colliflowers,  an  ex- 
cellent dish  made  of  piggs'  petti-toes,  two  rosted  piggs, 
one  turkey  cock,  a  rosted  hogg's  head,  three  ducks,  a 
dish  of  Cyprus  burds,  and  pistachoes  and  dates  together, 
and  store  of  good  wines." 

"  February  5 —  God  blesse  those  that  are  at  sea  ! 
The  weather  is  very  bad." 

•«  February  11.  —  Sir  John  Narbrough  cam  in 
from  Trypoly,  and  four  more  ships  with  him.  The 
noble  Malteese  salute  him  with  forty-five  gunns ;  he 
answers  them  with  so  many  that  I  could  not  count 
them.  And  what  with  our  salutes,  and  his  answers, 
there  was  nothing  but  fyre  and  smoake  for  almost  two 
hours." 

The  great  length  of  this  communication  pre- 
vents my  taking  other  extracts  from  a  "  Diary " 
which  contains  much  interesting  information,  and 
is  written  in  a  quaint  and  humorous  style. 

WILLIAM  WINTHBOP. 

La  Valetta,  Malta. 


Whipping  a  Lady.  —  The  following  is  from  a 
MS.  Diary  of  the  Rev.  John  Lewis,  Rector  of 
Chalfield  and  Curate  of  Tilbury  : 

"  August,  1719.  Sir  Christopher  Hales  being  jilted 
by  a  lady  who  promised  him  marriage,  and  put  him 
off  on  the  day  set  for  their  marriage,  gave  her  a  good 
whipping  at  parting.  Remember  the  story." 

Is  there  any  corroboratlon  of  this  ?  E.  D. 

Mother  of  Thirty  Children. — An  instance  has 
come  under  my  notice  of  a  woman,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Lee,  born  in  Surrey;  married,  first, 
Berry,  with  whom  she  lived  thirty  years,  and  had 
twenty-six  children  (four  times  twins) :  all  survived 
infancy.  Married,  secondly,  Taylor,  by  whom  she 
had  four  children.  Died  at  Stratford,  aged  eighty- 
four.  Within  a  few  weeks  of  her  death,  was  as 
upright  as  a  young  woman.  At  the  time  of  her 
death,  there  were  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  of 
her  descendants  living.  She  lived  most  of  her 
married  life  near  Whitechapel  and  Radcliffe,  and 
was  buried  in  the  Brickfield  burying-ground.  She 
had  sixteen  boys  and  fourteen  girls.  LEYTON. 

"  Ought "  and  "  Aught."  —  I  regret  to  observe 
that  ought  is  gradually  supplanting  aught  in  our 
language,  where  the  meaning  intended  to  be  con- 
veyed is  "  anything."  Todd's  Johnson  gives  au- 
thorities, but  may  they  not  be  errors  of  the  press  ? 
I  am  aware  that  use  has  substituted  nought  for 
naught  in  the  sense  of  "  not  anything,"  the  latter 
now  expressing  only  what  is  "  bad,"  and  conve- 
nience may  justify  that  change,  nought  being  not 
otherwise  used.  Let  me  add  that  1  am  the  more 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


in  fear  for  our  old  servant  aught,  who  surely  has 
done  nought  worthy  of  excommunication,  from  ob 
serving  that  such  a  writer  as  the  Rev.  Chevenix 
Trench  has  substituted  ought  for  aught  to  express 
"  anything."     If  convenience  is  allowed  to  justify 
our  having  nought  and  naught,  it  surely  claims  tha 
we  should  keep  aught  and  ought  each  for  its  ap- 
propriate signification  in  writing,  impossible  as  il 
is  to  distinguish  one  from  the  other  in  speech. 

T 
Nilbud. 

Walton.  —  The  following  note  is  written  on  the 
fly-leaf  at  the  end  of  Hieron's  Sermons,  1620  : 

"  Mr.  Gillamour.  —  I  pray  you  be  entreated  to  lend 
my  wife  what  silver  you  think  fittest  upon  this  or  other 
bookes  to  supplie  our  present  wants,  soe  as  I  may  have 
them  againe  when  I  restore  it  to  you  ;  you  shall  doo 
jnee  a  greate  curtesie,  and  I  shall  be  very  thankfull  to 
you. 

Yours  to  his  power  to  be  coinanded, 

Jons'  WALTON,  Cler." 

I  have  no  information  as  to  either  party,  and  no 
date  is  affixed  to  the  request.  E.  D. 

Salutations. — The  parting  salutations  of  various 
nations  are  strikingly  alike.  The  vale  of  the  Latins 
corresponds  with  the  xa^Pe  °f  the  Greeks ;  and 
though  Deity  is  not  expressed  distinctly  in  either,  it 
\vas  doubtless  understood :  for  who  can  be  kept  in 
health  without,  as  the  ancients  would  say,  the  will 
of  the  gods  ?  The  Greek  word  perhaps  has  a  higher 
signification  than  the  Latin ;  for  it  was  not  a  mere 
complimentary  salutation,  says  Macknight:  "St. 
John  forbids  it  to  be  given  to  heretical  teachers, 
Eph.  ii.  10, 11."  The  French,  on  taking  leave,  say 
44  Adieu,"  thus  distinctly  recognising  the  pro- 
vidential power  of  the  Creator;  and  the  same 
meaning  is  indeed  conveyed  in  our  English  word, 
*'  good-bye,"  which  is  a  corruption  of  "  God  be 
•with  you."  The  Irish,  in  their  warmth  of  manner 
and  love  of  words,  often  extend  the  expression. 
A  well-known  guide,  upon  my  leaving  one  of  the 
loveliest  spots  in  Wicklow,  shook  hands  with  me 
heartily,  and  said,  in  a  voice  somewhat  more 
tremulous  through  age  than  it  was  when  Tom 
Moore  loved  to  listen  to  it :  "  God  Almighty  bless- 
you,  be  with  you,  and  guide  you  safely  to  your 
journey's  end!"  This  salutation,  when  used 
thoughtfully  and  aright,  has  not  only  a  pleasant 
sound,  but  deep  meaning.  E.  W.  J. 

Crawley. 

Good  Times  for  Equity  Suitors.  —  Having 
lately  met  with  the  following  particulars  in  Bishop 
Goodman's  Diary,  I  send  them  for  insertion,  if 
you  think  fit,  in  "  N.  &  Q. :  " 

"  Then  was  the  chancery  so  empty  of  causes,  that 
Sir  Thomas  More  could  live  in  Chelsea,  and  yet  very 
sufficiently  discharge  that  office  ;  and  coming  one  day 


home  by  ten  of  the  clock,  whereas  he  was  wont  to  stay 
until  eleven  or  twelve,  his  lady  came  down  to  see 
whether  he  was  sick  or  not ;  to  whom  Sir  Thomas 
More  said,  '  Let  your  gentlewoman  fetch  me  a  cup  of 
wine,  and  then  I  will  tell  you  the  occasion  of  my 
coming ;  '  and  when  the  wine  came,  he  drank  to  his 
lady,  and  told  her  that  he  thanked  God  for  it  he  had 
not  one  cause  in  chancery,  and  therefore  came  home 
for  want  of  business  and  employment  there.  The 
gentlewoman  who  fetched  the  wine  told  this  to  a 
bishop,  who  did  inform  me." 

ABIIBA. 

The  Emperor  of  Russia  and  the  Order  of  the 
Gainer. — The  Emperor  of  Russia  is  a  knight  of 
the  Order  of  the  Garter.  Now,  according  to  the 
statutes  of  the  Order,  no  knight  ought  to  take  up 
arms  against  another,  or  in  any  way  assist  any- 
body so  to  do. 

In  illustration  of  this,  we  find  it  stated  in 
Anstis'  Register  of  the  Most  Noble  Order  of  the 
Garter,  who  quotes  from  Caligula,  L.  6.,  in  Bib. 
Cott,  that  when  the  French  king  wished  to  bor- 
row a  sum  of  money  from  Henry  VII.,  to  employ 
in  the  war  with  the  King  of  Naples,  the  answer 
was  : 

"  Que  le  Roy  ne  povoit  avec  son  honneur  bailler 
aide  et  assistence  a  icelluy  son  bon  frere  et  cousin  a 
Pencontre  du  Roy  de  Naples,  qui  estoit  son  confrere  et 
allye,  veu  et  corisidere  qu'il  avoit  prise  et  recue  1'ordre 
de  la  garretiere.  Et  si  le  roi  autrement  faisoit,  ce 
seroit  contrevenir  au  serment  qu'il  a  fait  par  les  statuz 
du  dit  ordre." 

Will  the  Emperor  of  Russia  be  deprived  of  his 
ill-deserved  honours,  or  what  is  the  course  now 
pursued  ?  It  was  not  unusual  formerly  for  kings 
to  exchange  orders,  and  to  return  them  in  case  of 
war.  OSCAR  BROWNING. 


SIR  HENRY  WOTTON'S  VERSES,  "THE  CHARACTER 

OF   A    HAPPY   LIFE." 


to  the  almost  perfect  identity  of  these 
verses  with  some  by  a  German  poet,  George  Ru- 
dolph Weckerlin,  a  doubt  has  been  expressed  in  a 
German  work  as  to  whether  they  are  to  be  con- 
sidered the  production  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  or  a 
translation  from  the  Geistliche  und  weltliche  Ge- 
dichte  of  Weckerlin,  a  lyrical  poet  of  considerable 
eminence  and  popularity  in  his  day,  and  who  died 
'n  London  in  1651.  Weckerlin  was  employed  in 
mportant  affairs  connected  with  the  Protestants  in 
Germany  during  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  as  secre- 
tary to  an  embassy  in  London  from  that  country  f 
and  was  also  employed  on  several  occasions  by 
James  I.  and  Charles  I.  An  edition  of  Wecker- 
in's  Poems  was  edited  by  him  while  he  resided  in 
Condon,  and  was  printed  at  Amsterdam  in  1641, 
and  again  in  1648.  A  previous  collection  had  ap- 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


421 


peared  at  Stutgart  in  1618.  Many  of  his  poems, 
which  he  had  left  in  MS.  with  his  brother  Lud- 
wig  in  Germany,  perished  with  him  during  the 
horrors  of  the  war.  "  What  has  become,"  Weeker- 
lin  feelingly  exclaims,  "  of  my  Myrta,  that  dear 
poem,  composed  of  so  many  sonnets  and  stanzas  ?  " 

Perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of  "  1ST.  &  Q,.,"  who 
are  conversant  with  the  literature  of  England  and 
Germany  during  the  period  alluded  to,  may  be 
able  to  solve  the  question  as  to  the  real  author  of 
the  verses  mentioned.  JOHN  MACK  AY. 

Oxford. 


Plants  and  Flowers.  —  Might  I  inquire  of  your 
correspondent  EIRIONNACH  why  his  long-pro- 
mised Notes  on  the  "  ecclesiastical  and  rustic  pet 
names"  of  plants  and  flowers  have  never  been 
forthcoming  ?  I  have  often  lingered  on  the 
threshold  of  the  "  garden  full  of  sunshine  and  of 
bees,"  where  EIRIONNACH  has  laboured;  would  he 
kindly  be  my  guide  to  the  pleasant  domain,  and 
indicate  (without  trespassing  on  your  columns  I 
mean)  the  richest  gatherings  of  the  legendary  lore 
and  poetry  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  ?  Are  there 
any  collections  of  similes  drawn  from  plants  and 
flowers  ?  Dr.  Aitkin  has  broken  ground  in  his 
Essay  on  Poetical  Similes.  Any  notes  on  this 
subject,  addressed  to  the  "care  of  the  Editor," 
will  greatly  oblige  SIGMA. 

Customs,  London. 

Quotations  wanted. — Whence  the  following  : 

1.  "  Condenclaque  Lexica  mandat  Damnatis,  pcenam 
pro  poenis  omnibus  unam." 

Quoted  at  the  end  of  the  Preface  to  Liddell  and 
Scott's  Lexicon  f 

2.  "  Rex  erat  Elizabeth,  scd  erat  Eegina  Jacobus  ?  "  * 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 


TJnde? 


"  Extinctus  amabitur  idem.' 


W.  T.  M. 


Griffith,  William,  Bishop  ofOssory. —  Any  facts 
relative  to  the  life  of  this  prelate  will  be  acceptable, 
as  I  am  about  to  go  to  press  with  a  work  com- 
prising Lives  of  the  Bishops  of  Ossory. 

JAMES  GRAVES. 

Kilkenny. 

[*  Rapin  has  given  the  parentage  of  this  pasquil  at 
the  end  of  his  History  of  James  I.  : 

"  Tandis  qu'  Elizabeth  fut  Roy 
L'Anglois  fut  d'Espagne  I'effroy, 
Maintenant,  devise  et  caquc-tte, 
Regi  par  la  Reine  Jaquette."] 


"  Cowperiana"  —  Southey,  in  his  Preface  to  the 
last  volume  of  his  edition  of  Cowper's  Works 
(dated  Aug.  12,  1837),  speaks  of  his  intention  to 
publish  two  additional  volumes  under  the  title  of 
Cowperiana.  Were  these  ever  published  ?  If  not, 
will  they  ever  be  ?  W.  P.  STOREK. 

Olney,  Bucks. 

John  Keats  s  Poems.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  what  legend  (if  any)  John  Keats  the 
poet  refers  to  in  his  beautiful  poem  of  St.  Agnes1 
Eve,  st.  xix.,  when  he  says  : 

"  Never  on  such  a  night  have  lovers  met, 
Since  Merlin  paid  his  demon  all  the  monstrous  debt." 

And  pray  let  me  know  what  is  implied  in  the  con- 
cluding lines  of  his  absurd  poem  of  Hyperion,  as 
they  have  always  been  a  mystery  to  me.  E 


Holland.  —  We  have  the  kingdom  of  Holland, 
we  have  the  Holland  division  of  Lincolnshire,  and 
in  Lancashire  we  have  the  two  townships  of 
Downholland  and  Upholland.  Is  the  derivation  of 
each  the  same,  and,  if  it  be,  what  is  the  affinity  ? 

PRESTONIENSIS. 

Armorial.  —  Can  the  younger  son  of  a  peer  use 
the  supporters  to  his  family  arms  ? 

PRESTONIENSIS. 

Stohe  and  Upton.  —  These  names  of  places  are 
so  very  common,  and  in  some  counties,  as  Bucks, 
Worcester,  and  Devon,  apply  to  adjoining  villages, 
that  it  would  b.e  interesting  to  know  the  origin  of 
the  names,  and  of  their  association. 

JNO.  D.  ALCROFT. 

Slavery  in  England.  —  One  of  the  recent  vo- 
lumes published  by  the  Chetham  Society,  the 
Stanley  Papers,  part  ii.,  contains  the  household 
books  of  the  third  and  fourth  Earls  of  Derby, 
temp.  Queen  Elizabeth.  I  find  in  the  "  orders 
touching  the  government  of  my  Lo.  his  house,'* 
that  at  the  date  thereof  (1558)  slavery  in  some 
form  or  other  existed  in  England,  for  in  the 
mansion  of  this  powerful  noble  it  was  provided  — 

"  That  no  slaves  nor  boyes  shall  sitt  in  the  hall,  but 
in  place  therefore  appoynted  convenyent." 

And,— 

"  That  the  yemen  of  horses  and  groomes  of  the 
stable  shall  not  suffre  any  boyes  or  slaves  to  abye  about 
the  stables,  nor  lye  in  theym,  nor  in  anie  place  about 
theym." 

Was  there  then  in  England  the  form  of  slavery 
now  in  existence  in  the  United  States,  and  until 
lately  in  the  West  Indies  ;  or  was  it  more  like  the 
serfdom  of  Russia  ?  And  when  was  this  slavery 
abolished  in  England  ?  PRESTONIENSIS. 


Go  to  Bath.''1 — What   is  the   origin  of  this 


sayinj 


E.  R. 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


Mummy  Chests.  —  Harris,  in  his  Natural  His- 
tory of  the  Bible,  says  : 

"  The  imperishable  chests  which  contain  the  Egyp- 
tian mummies  were  of  cypress" 

Shaw,  in  his  Travels,  p.  376.,  says  : 

"  The  mummy  chests,  and  whatever  figures  and  in- 
struments are  found  in  the  catacombs,  are  all  of  them 
of  sycamore" 

Which  is  right,  and  how  can  we  account  for  the 
contradiction  ?  N".  L.  J. 

The  Blechenden  Family.  —  Thomas  Blechenden, 
D.D.,  a  Prebendary  of  Canterbury,  whose  will 
was  proved  in  1663,  had  a  younger  brother 
Richard,  who  had  a  daughter  Mary.  It  is  de- 
sired to  know  if  Mary  married,  and  if  so,  to 
whom?  The  family  were  of  Ruffin's  Hill  in 
Kent,  and  Richard  is  described  as  "  of  London." 

GWILLIM. 

Philadelphia. 

Franchlyn  Household  Booh.  —  In  the  extracts 
from  this  MS.,  given  in  the  Archceologia,  vol.  xv. 
p.  157.,  is  an  entry,  — 

"  Given  to  the  prisoners  at  White  Chappel,  Is." 
Who  were  they  ? 

«  Nov.  12,  1624.  Given  to  Mr.  Atkynson's  man  for 
writing  out  the  causes  which  are  to  be  hearde  in  the 
Star  Chamber  this  tearme,  Is." 

Who  and  what  was  Mr.  Atkynson  ? 

"June  13,  1625.  Spent  by  Wyllyam  when  he  was 
sworn  by  the  pages,  6s.  6d." 

What  does  this  refer  to  ? 

"  April  17,  1625.  Given  to  Sir  Charles  Morrison's 
groomes,  3s." 

Who  and  what  was  Sir  Charles  Morrison  ? 
In  another  extract  given  elsewhere,  I  find,  — 

"August  5,  1644.  For  bay  salt  to  stop  the  bar- 
rells,  6d." 

What  does  this  mean  ? 

"January  17,  1644.  For  four  giggs  and  scourge- 
sticks,  Is." 

What  are  giggs  and  scourgesticks  ? 

"  November  10,  1646.  For  haulfe  a  pound  of  cakes 
andjumballs,  I0d." 

What  are  jumballs  ? 

Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  where  this 
Livre  des  Accents  pour  Chevalier  Jean  Franchlyn 
en  son  [sic]  Maison  au  Wilsden  now  is  ?  When 
the  extracts  were  published  in  the  Archaologia, 
it  was  said  to  be  in  the  possession  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Chardin  Musgrave,  Bart.  I  have  applied  to 
the  present  Sir  George  Musgrave,  and  also  to 
George  Musgrave,  Esq.,  of  Gordon  Square,  and 
Bedfordshire,  who  is  descended  from  Sir  Christo- 


pher Musgrave,  who  married  to  his  second  wife  a 
daughter  of  Sir  George  Francklyn  ;  but  neither 
can  give  me  any  tidings  of  this  MS.  J.  K. 

Lord  Rosehill's  Marriage.  —  An  American 
paper  of  August  22,  1768,  has  the  following  : 

"  Last  week  was  married  in  Maryland,  the  Right 
Honorable  Lord  Rosehill  to  Miss  Margaret  Cheer,  a 
lady  much  admired  for  her  theatrical  performances." 

Who  was  Lord  Rosehill  ?  W.  D.  R. 

Philadelphia. 

Colonel  Butler.  —  Can  you  give  me  any  in- 
formation respecting  Colonel  Butler,  who  fought 
during  the  civil  wars,  I  fear,  under  the  banner  of 
the  usurper?  He  belonged  to  a  Lincolnshire 
family,  and  either  his  daughter  or  some  relative 
married  a  person  of  the  name  of  Hairby  or  Harby. 

AGARES. 

Willesdon,  co.  Middlesex.  —  Information  is  so- 
licited respecting  the  families  of  Willesdon, 
Roberts,  Francklyn,  Barne,  Poulett,  Atye,  Troy- 
ford,  and  Nicolls  of  this  place,  as  well  as  of  any 
other  families  known  to  have  belonged  to  this 
parish. 

Any  communications  as  to  the  church,  its 
original  construction,  or  its  reconstruction  about 
the  end  of  the  fourteenth,  or  beginning  of  the 
fifteenth,  century,  or  illustrative  of  the  general 
history  of  the  parish  in  early  or  recent  times,  or 
biographical  notices  of  its  vicars,  will  be  gladly 
received ;  and  as  such  information  may  not  be 
generally  interesting  to  your  readers,  I  would 
request  contributors  to  address  any  communica- 
tions they  may  be  pleased  to  favour  me  with,  to 
J.  K.,  care  of  Mr.  Fenton,  Kensall  Green,  Harrow 
Road,  Middlesex.  J.  K. 


&utrfe£  foitij 

Ashes  of  "  Lignites.'"  —  A  paragraph  has  been 
making  the  circuit  of  the  public  papers,  recom- 
mending the  use  of  ashes  of  lignites,  to  preserve 
esculent  roots.  It  may  have  originated  with  some 
dealer  in  lignites ;  but  plain  dealers  would  like  to 
be  informed  what  lignites  are  ?  RUSTICTJS. 

[Lignite  is  a  fossil  wood  carbonized  to  a  certain  de- 
gree, but  retaining  distinctly  its  woody  texture.  Dr. 
MacCulloch,  On  Rocks,  p.  636.,  observes:  "In  its 
chemical  properties,  lignite  holds  a  station  interme- 
diate between  peat  and  coal ;  while  among  the  varieties 
a  gradation  in  this  respect  may  be  traced ;  the  brown 
and  more  organised  kinds  approaching  very  near  to 
peat,  while  the  more  compact  kinds,  such  as  jet,  ap- 
proximate to  coal."] 

Bishop  Bathurst — I  have  heard  it  often  asserted 
that  the  late  Dr.  Bathurst,  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
was  the  youngest  of  forty '-two  children.  Can  this 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


423 


be  satisfactorily  ascertained  ?  I  remember  hear- 
ing it  many  years  since  during  the  bishop's  life- 
time. Such  a  circumstance  is  not  beyond  the 
bounds  of  possibility,  if  we  are  to  believe  the 
Parish  Register  of  Bermondsey  ;  for  there  appears 
an  entry  there  of  the  marriage,  on  Jan.  4,  1624-5, 
of  James  Harriott,  Esq.,  one  of  the  forty  children 
of  his  father.  I  myself  knew  intimately  a  lady, 
a  clergyman's  widow,  who  was  the  mother  ^  of 
twenty-six  children  (Vol.  v.,  p.  106. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  186.)  ;  and  I  have  heard  it  said  that  one  of  her 
brothers-in-law  was  father  of  twenty-four,  and 
another  of  fourteen  children.  The  late  Sir  Robert 
Wigram,  Bart.,  had  twenty-four  children  :  he  died 
at  the  age  of  eighty-six.  Y.  S.  M. 

[Mrs.  Thistlethwaite,  in  her  Memoirs  of  her  father, 
p.  6.,  states,  that  "  Benjamin  Bathurst,  Esq.,  the  father 
of  the  Bishop  of  Norwich,  having  married,  first,  Miss 
Poole,  an  heiress,  he  had  issue  by  her  twenty-two 
children  ;  by  his  second  wife,  Miss  Brodrick,  daughter 
of  Dr.  Brodrick,  a  brother  of  Lord  Midleton's,  Mr. 
Bathurst  had  a  second  family  of  fourteen  children,  of 
whom  my  father  was  third  child  and  second  son.  He 
was  a  seven  months'  child,  and  I  have  heard  that  he 
was  so  extremely  small  an  infant,  that  he  could  not  be 
dressed  like  other  children  for  some  time  after  his 
birth,  but  was  obliged  to  be  wrapped  in  cotton.  My 
father  used  to  say  in  a  joke,  that  he  was  wrapped  in 
cotton,  and  put  into  a  quart  mug."  The  bishop's 
father  had  four  children,  one  daughter  and  three  sons. 
These  four  had  a  hundred  children  between  them, 
thirty-six  of  whom  fell  to  the  lot  of  the  bishop's  father.] 

"  Selah" — What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word 
Selah,  which  occurs  so  often  in  the  Psalms  ?  I 
have  observed  that  most  people,  in  reading,  omit 
it.  Should  it  be  read  or  not  ?  F.  M.  MIDDLETON. 

[A  diversity  of  opinion  prevails  as  to  the  exact  im- 
port of  this  term.  The  great  musical  critic  Mattheson, 
in  a  work  written  on  the  word,  having  rejected  eleven 
meanings,  decides  in  favour  of  the  twelfth,  which  makes 
the  word  equivalent  to  the  modern  Italian  da  capo. 
In  this  view,  the  word  selah  directs  a  repetition  of  the 
air  or  song  from  the  commencement,  to  the  parts 
where  it  is  placed.  Herder  held  that  selah  denoted  a 
swell,  or  a  change  in  the  rapidity  of  the  movement,  or 
in  the  key.  The  Easterns,  he  says,  are  fond  of  a  very 
uniform,  and,  as  it  appears  to  Europeans,  mournful 
music  ;  but  at  certain  points,  they  of  a  sudden  change 
the  key,  and  pass  into  a  different  melody.  These 
points,  he  thinks,  were  among  the  Hebrews  indicated 
by  the  word  selah.  The  balance  of  authority,  however, 

is  in  favour  of  the  former  view The  People's  Diet. 

•tfthe  Bible.  Consult  also,  Julius  Bate's  Critica  Hebrcea, 
md  Gesenius'  Hebrew  and  English  Lexicon.] 

The  Long  Parliament.  —  Where  is  a  list  of  it, 
inducting  its  various  changes,  to  be  seen  ? 

Y.  S.  M. 

[Among  the  Kino's  Pamphlets  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum (Press-mark,  E.  ]836.)  is  the  following:  "A 
List  of  the  Names  of  the  Long  Parliament,  anno  1640  ; 


likewise  of  the  Parliament  holden  at  Oxford ;  as  also 
of  the  three  ensuing  Parliaments  holden  at  West- 
minster in  the  years  1653,  1654,  1656,  and  of  the  late 
Parliament,  dissolved  April  22,  1659,  with  a  Catalogue 
of  the  Lords  of  the  other  House.  London :  Printed 
in  the  year  1659."  There  is  also  another  pamphlet 
entitled  "  The  Names  of  the  Members  of  Parliament 
which  began  on  the  4th  June,  1653.  4to.  London, 
1654."] 

"  The  Three  Pigeons" —Was  it  the  house  at 
Brentford,  mentioned  by  DR.  RIMBAULT  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  331.),  that  suggested  Tony  Lumpkin's  convivial 
ballad  in  praise  of  "  The  Three  Jolly  Pigeons  ?  " 

G.  TAYLOR. 

Reading. 

[It  is  highly  probable  that  the  scene  "  An  Ale-bouse 
Room"  in  Goldsmith's  comedy  She  Stoops  to  Conquer 
is  the  "  Three  Pigeons"  at  Brentford,  as  this  remark- 
able hostel  dates  its  origin  from  the  days  of  Shakspeare 
and  Ben  Jonson.  It  is  frequently  mentioned  by  the 
early  dramatists,  and  appears  at  one  time  to  have  been 
in  some  repute,  having  had  for  its  landlord  the  cele- 
brated tragedian,  John  Lowin,  cotemporary  of  Shak- 
speare, and  one  of  the  original  actors  in  his  plays,  who 
died  in  this  house  at  a  very  advanced  age  : 

"  Thou  art  admirably  suited  for  the  Three  Pigeons 
At  Brentford,  I  swear  I  know  thee  not." 

The  Roaring  Girl. 

"  We  will  turn  our  courage  to  Braynford — westward, 
My  bird  of  the  night — to  the  Pigeons." 

Ben  Jonson's  Alchymist. 

See  Faulkner's  History  of  Brentford,  p.  144.] 

Captain  Cook. — Wanted,  the  pedigree  of  Capt. 
Jas.  Cook  (the  circumnavigator),  and  a  full  ac- 
count of  his  lineal  and  collateral  descendants. 

WARDALE  G.  M'ALLISTEH. 

Philadelphia. 

[Dr.  Kippis's  Life  of  Captain  Cook  may  be  con- 
sulted with  advantage.  It  is  carefully  compiled,  and 
will  be  found  in  the  fourth  volume  of  his  Sioaraphia 
Britannica,  as  well  as  in  a  separate  4to.  volume,  1788. 
For  the  death  of  the  eldest  and  only  surviving  son  of 
the  celebrated  navigator,  see  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
February,  1794,  p.  182.,  and  p.  199.  of  the  same 
volume.] 

Varnish  for  old  Books.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  oblige  me  with  a  good  receipt  for  varnish- 
ing the  binding  of  old  books  ?  Bees- wax  and  tur- 
pentine, used  very  thin,  is  a  tolerably  good  one ; 
but  I  am  desirous  of  learning  another. 

INVESTIGATOR. 

[A  little  common  glue-size,  made  thin,  would  be 
better  than  bees-wax  and  turpentine.  The  best  varnish 
that  can  be  used  is  that  made  in  France,  and  may  be 
had  at  Barbe  Lechertier's,  Artists'  Colourman,  60. 
Regent's  Quadrant.  It  is  called  French  varnish  for 
leather,  and  is  sold  at  14s.  per  pound.  There  is  also 
a  common  varnish  for  leather,  which  can  be  purchased 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


at  Reilly's  varnish   manufactory,    19.  Old    Street,    St. 
Luke's.      It  is  sold  at  about  3s.  Cd.  per  pint.] 

Cabbages.  —  When  were  cabbages  first  culti- 
vated in  England  ?  Who  introduced  them  ? 

C.H. 

[Evelyn  says,  <"Tis  scarce  a  hundred  years  since 
we  first  had  cabbages  out  of  Holland,  Sir  Anthony 
Ashley,  of  Wiburg  St.  Giles,  in  Dorsetshire,  being,  as 
I  am  told,  the  first  who  planted  them  in  England."  — 
Acetaria,  sect.  11.  They  were  introduced  into  Scotland 
by  the  soldiers  of  Cromwell's  army.] 


ADDISONS  HYMNS. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  373.) 

After  the  correspondence  that  took  place  ("N". 
&  Q.,"  Vol.  v.),  I  had  hoped  that  Addison  would 
have  been  left  in  peaceable  possession  of  those 
"  divine  hymns  "  ascribed  to  his  pen ;  but  this  is 
not  to  be.  A  former  correspondent,  J.  G.  F., 
doubted  whether  they  were  not  composed  by 
Andrew  Marvell  ?  This  inquiry  was,  I  hope, 
satisfactorily  answered,  by  myself  in  the  first  in- 
stance, and  afterwards  by  MR.  CROSS'LEY,  Vol.  v., 
pp.  513.  548. 

In  No.  234.  a  later  correspondent,  S.  M.f  asks 
whether  the  hymn  "  When  rising  from  the  bed  of 
death,"  which  he  says  is  "  taken  from  the  chapter 
on  'Death  and  Judgment,'  in  Addison's  Evidences 
of  the  Christian  Peligion"  was  written  by  Addi- 
son or  Dr.  Isaac  Watts  ?  In  what  edition  of  the 
Evidences  does  S.  M.  find  either  the  chapter  he 
speaks  of,  or  this  hymn?  The  place  which  it 
occupies  is  in  IsTo.  513.  of  the  Spectator.  As  I 
have  elsewhere  stated,  Addison  was  accustomed 
to  throw  a  little  mystery  over  these  poems ;  and 
**  the  excellent  man  in  holy  orders,"  to  whom  this 
hymn  is  attributed,  is  unquestionably  the  ideal 
clergyman,  the  occasional  visitor  of  the  club, 
spoken  of  in  the  second  number  of  the  Spectator. 

In  the  letter  that  accompanies  this  hymn,  the 
supposed  writer  says,  — 

"  The  indisposition  which  has  long  hung  upon  me, 
is  at  last  grown  to  such  a  head,  that  it  must  quickly 
make  an  end  of  me  or  of  itself.  .  .  .  Were  I  able 
to  dress  up  several  thoughts  of  a  serious  nature,  which 
have  made  great,  impressions  on  my  mind  during  a 
long  fit  of  sickness,  they  might  not  be  an  improper  en- 
tertainment for  one  of  your  Saturday's  papers." 

What  a  natural  remark  from  a  writer  who,  Ad- 
dison tells  us,  treats  divine  topics  "as  one  who 
has  no  interests  in  this  world,  as  one  who  is 
hastening  to  the  object  of  all  his  wishes,  and  con- 
ceives hope  from  his  decays  and  infirmities ! "  This 
sublime  paper,  or  "  series  of  thoughts,"  stamped 
with  the  peculiar  beauties  and  polish  of  Addison's 


style,  closes  with  the  hymn  in  question,  com- 
posed, as  the  writer  says,  "  during  this  my 
sickness." 

Watts  survived  the  date  of  this  paper  above 
thirty-five  years.  Had  it  been  his  own  com- 
position, would  he  not  have  claimed  the  author- 
ship, and  incorporated  the  hymn  amongst  his 
sacred  songs  ? 

Let  us  not,  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q."  at  least, 
witness  farther  attempts  to  misappropriate  the 
writings  of  one,  whose  undying  fame  will  be  co- 
temporaneous  with  the  literature  of  England. 
Still,  in  the  beautiful  language  of  Addison's 
friend  Tickell,  may  he  in  his  "hymns  — 

"  warn  poor  mortals  left  behind, 

A  task  well  suited  to  his  gentle  mind." 

J.  H.  MARKLAND. 


LONGFELLOW. 

(VoJ.  ix.,  pp.  174.  255.) 

A  communication  from  a  gentleman,  who  mar- 
ried into  a  family  of  this  name,  informs  me  that  the 
Longfellows  of  Brecon  were  a  branch  of  a  York- 
shire family  ;  and  that  a  portion  of  more  than  one 
family,  probat^y  from  the  same  county,  are  now 
settled  in  Kent.  My  friend  has  not  before  had 
his  attention  turned  to  this  subject,  but  he  pro- 
mises farther  inquiry.  T.  S.  N. 

Bermondsey. 

Why  should  W.  P.  STOKER  suppose  that  the 
name  of  Longfellow  originated  otherwise  than  in 
the  lengthy  proportions  of  an  ancestor  ?  Surely  the 
well-known  surnames,  Rufus,  Longshanks,  Strong- 
bow,  are  sufficient  to  warrant  us  in  saying  that 
Longfellow  need  have  nothing  to  do  with  Longue- 
ville.  From  what  shall  we  derive  the  names  of 
Longman,  Greathead,  Littlejohn,  and  Tallboy  ? 

JOHN  P.  STILWELL. 

Dorking. 

By  the  kindness  of  the  Registrar- General,  I  am 
enabled  to  point,  with  some  precision,  to  a  few  of 
the  localities  in  which  the  name  of  Longfellow 
exists  in  this  country.     Upon  reference  to  the 
well-arranged  indexes  in  his  office,  it  appears  that 
the  deaths  of  sixty-one  persons  bearing  this  name 
were  recorded  in  the  years  1838  to  1852 ;  and  of 
these,  fifty  occurred  in  the  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, namely,  in  Leeds  thirty-five ;  Otley,  and  its 
neighbourhood,  ten  ;  Selby  four,  and  in  Keighlg 
one.     The  other  instances  were,  in  the  metropolis 
seven,  and  one  each  in  Swansea,  Newport  (Mor- 
mouth),  Tewkesbury,  and  Hastings.     More  thzn 
one  third  of  the  males  bore  the  Christian  name  af 
William. 

It  is  not  probable  that  the  Longfellows  are 
numerous  in  any  part  of  England  :  indeed,  as  we 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


425 


know  that  of  the  general  population  the  average 
annual  mortality  is  2'2  per  cent,  the  sixty-one 
deaths  in  fifteen 'years,  or  four  deaths  yearly,  might 
be  supposed  to  result  from  about  two  hundred 
persons  of  the  name  ;  but  inferences  of  this  nature, 
except  when  large  masses  are  dealt  with,  are  often 
very  fallacious. 

May  not  the  derivation  of  the  name  be  from 
long  fallow,  of  the  same  family  as  Fallows,  Fel- 
lowes,  Fallowtield,  and  Langmead,  which  are  not 
uncommon  ?  JAMES  T.  HAMMACK. 

19.  St.  Mark's  Crescent,  Regent's  Park. 

C.  H.  quotes  some  lines  said  to  have  been  writ- 
ten on  a  window-shutter  of  the  "  Golden  Lion," 
Brecon,  when  a  Mr.  Longfellow  was  proprietor, 
fifty  or  sixty  years  ago  : 

"  Tom  Longfellow's  name  is  most  justly  his  due; 
Long  his  neck,  long  his  bill,  which  is  very  long  too  ; 
Long  the  time  ere  your  horse  to  the  stable  is  led,"  &c. 

These  lines  remind  me  of  the  following  passage 
of  the  poet  Longfellow's  in  his  Hyperion,  which, 
not  to  speak  of  a  possible  plagiarism,  has  at  least 
a  strange  family  resemblance  : 

"  If  you  go  to  Zurich,  beware  how  you  stop  at 
*  The  Raven.'  I  wrote  in  the  travellers'  book  — 

'  Beware  of  the  Raven  of  Zurich  ; 

'Tis  a  bird  of  omen  ill, 
With  a  noisy  and  an  unclean  breast, 

And  a  very,  very  long  bill.' 

"  If  you  go  to  '  The  Golden  Falken  '  you  will  find  it 
there.  I  am  the  author  of  those  lines. — LONGFELLOW." 

G.  DYMOND. 


BOOKS    BURNT   BY   THE    HANGMAN. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  78.  226.) 

As  the  subject  is  interesting,  you  will  probably 
permit  me  to  cite  a  few  more  examples:  —  In 
Geo.  Chalmers'  Catalogue,"  Burnt  by  the  hangman" 
is  appended  to  a  copy  of  Win.  Thomas'  Historic  of 
Italic,  1549;  but  I  do  not  find  this  stated  else- 
where. The  opinions  emitted  in  this  work  are  of 
a  free  nature  certainly,  in  respect  to  the  governed 
and  governing  powers;  but  whatever  was  the  fate 
of  his  book,  I  rather  think  Thomas  (who  was  exe- 
cuted in  Mary's  reign)  suffered  for  some  alleged 
act  of  overt  treason,  and  not  for  publishing  sedi- 
tious books.  An  Information  from  the  States  of 
the  Kingdome  of  Scotland  to  the  Kingdoms  of 
Ejigland,  showing  how  they  have  bin  dealt  with  by 
His  Majesty's  Commissioners,  1640:  in  a  pro- 
clamation (March  30,  1640)  against  seditious 
pamphlets  sent  from  Scotland,  this  tract  was  pro- 
hibited on  account  of  its  containing  many  most 
otorious  falsehoods,  scandals,  &c. ;  it  was  ordered 
»  be  burnt  by  the  common  hangman.  (Rymer's 
as  quoted  by  Chalmers.) 


There  is  now  before  me  a  modern  impression  of 
an  old  cut  in  two  compartments  :  the  upper  repre- 
senting the  demolition  of  the  "Crosse  in  Cheape- 
side  on  the  2nd  May,  1643;"  and  the  lower  a 
goodly  gathering  of  the  public  around  a  bonfire, 
viewing,  with  apparent  satisfaction,  the  committal 
of  a  book  to  the  flames  by  the  common  executioner, 
with  this  inscription  : 

"  10th  May,  the  Boocke  of  Spartes  vpon  the  Lord's 
Day,  was  burnt  by  the  hangman  in  the  place  where 
the  Crosse  stoode,  and  at  (the)  Exchange." 

That  great  lover  of  sights,  Master  Pepys,  notices 
one  of  these  exhibitions : 

"1661,  28th  May,  with  Mr.  Shipley,"  says  our 
gossip,  "  to  the  Exchange  about  business  ;  and  there, 
by  Mr.  Rawlinson's  favour,  got  into  a  balcone  over 
against  the  Exchange,  and  there  saw  the  hangman 
burn,  by  vote  of  Parliament,  two  old  acts  :  the  one  for 
constituting  us  a  Commonwealth,  and  the  other  I  have 
forgot ;  which  still  do  make  me  think  of  the  greatness 
of  this  late  turne,  and  what  people  will  do  to-morrow 
against  what  they  all,  thro'  profit  or  fear,  did  promise 
aud  practise  this  day." 

A  note  to  this  passage  in  the  Diary  (vol.  i.  p.  236., 
3rd  edit.)  supplies  the  defective  memory  of  Pepys, 
by  informing  us  that  the  last  was  an  "  Act  for  sub- 
scribing the  Engagement;"  and  adds,  on  the  same 
day  there  had  been  burnt  by  the  hangman,  at 
Westminster  Hall,  the  "  Act  for  erecting  a  High 
Court  of  Justice  for  trying  and  judging  Charles 
Stuart."  They  seem  to  have  been  just  then 
cleansing  out  the  Augean  stable  of  the  Common- 
wealth:  for  it  is  added,  "two  more  acts"  were 
similarly  burnt  next  day. 

In  A  Letter  to  a  Clergyman,  relating  to  his  Sermon 
on  the  30th  Jan.,  by  a  Lover  of  Truth,  1746,  the 
lay  author  (one  Coade,  I  believe),  inveighing 
against  high  churchmen,  reminds  the  preacher 
that  he  — 

"  Was  pleased  to  dress  up  the  principles  of  the  Pres- 
byterians in  a  frightful  shape ;  but  let  me  tell  you,  Sir, 
in  my  turn,  that  the  principles  of  your  party  have  been 
burnt,  not  by  a  rude  and  lawless  rabble,  but  by  the 
common  hangman,  in  broad  day-light,  before  the  Royal 
Exchange  in  London,  and  by  authority  of  Parliament. 
Perhaps,"  he  continues,  "  you  never  heard  of  this  con- 
temptuous treatment  of  the  Oxford  principles,  and 
therefore  I  will  give  it  you  from,  the  Parliamentary 
Records:  — 'Anno  Domini  1710.  The  House  of 
Lords,  taking  into  consideration  the  judgment  and 
decree  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  passed  in  their 
Convocation  July  21,  1683,  —  it  was  resolved  by  the 
Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal  in  Parliament  assembled, 
that  the  said  judgment  and  decree  contains  in  it  several 
positions  contrary  to  the  Constitution  of  this  kingdom, 
and  destructive  to  the  Protestant  Succession  as  by  law 
established.  And  it  was  thereupon  ordered,  by  the 
Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal  in  Parliament  assembled, 
that  the  said  judgment  and  decree  shall  be  burnt  by 
the  hands  of  the  common  hangman  before  the  Royal 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


Exchange,  between  the  hours  of  twelve  and  one,  on 
Monday  the  1 7th  March,  in  the  presence  of  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  London,'  &c." 

Doleman's  Conference  about  the  next  Succession 
to  the  Crown  of  England,  reprinted  at  N.  with 
licence,  in  1681,  was,  in  1683,  condemned  by  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  burnt  by  the  common 
hangman. 

In  the  above  examples  I  have  confined  myself 
to  those  books,  &c.  only  which  were  expressly 
consigned  to  the  flames  by  the  hangman.  The 
instances  of  book-burning  where  this  indignity 
was  either  not  imposed,  or  its  infliction  not  re- 
corded, are  numerous.  Among  the  curiosities  of 
literature  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  were  certain  books 
ascribed  to  a  Dutchman,  by  name  Henry  Nicholas, 
translated  into  English,  and  probably  imported 
from  the  Low  Countries.  This  person,  imbibing 
the  "damnable  heresies"  of  David  George,  of 
Leyden,  became  the  apostle  of  a  sect  who  styled 
themselves  "The  Family  of  Love;"  and  their 
fanatical  books  becoming  obnoxious  to  the  do- 
minant party,  they  were,  by  proclamation,  ordered 
to  be  burnt ;  and,  as  such  manifestations  of  the 
royal  will  usually  ran,  all  persons  were  held  pun- 
ishable for  having  them  in  their  possession.  (See 
Herbert's  Ames.)  As  an  example  of  the  spiritual 
power  thus  dealing  with  a  book,  apparently  upon 
its  own  authority,  the  following  may  be  offered : — 
Servetus  de  Trinitate,  Sfc.  (London,  1723.)  This 
edition,  which  is  without  name  of  place  or  printer, 
and  without  date,  was  printed  by  Palmer  for 
Osborne  the  bookseller ;  but,  as  soon  as  completed, 
was  seized  at  the  instance  of  Dr.  Gibson,  Bishop 
of  London,  and  burnt,  with  the  exception  of  a 
very  few  copies.  (Davis'  Journey  round  the  Li- 
brary, $*c.)  The  last  unfortunate  book  I  shall 
mention  is  the  Metrical  Psalms  of  Dod ;  which 
was  also,  most  likely,  an  episcopal  seizure.  Mr. 
Holland,  in  his  Psalmists  of  Britain,  quoting  from 
George  Withers'  Scholler's  Purgatory,  says,  "  Dod 
the  silkman's  late  ridiculous  translation  of  the 
Psalms  was,  by  authority,  worthily  condemned  to 
the  fire,"  and,  judging  from  its  extreme  scarcity, 
I  should  say  very  few  escaped.  J.  O. 

I  have  not  seen  in  your  list  of  martyred  books 
the  following,  in  the  year  A.D.  1684 :  A  Plea  for 
the  Nonconformists,  by  Thomas  De  Laune,  Gentle- 
man. He  died  in  Newgate,  during  his  imprison- 
ment for  the  book,  in  pursuance  of  the  following 
sentence : 

"  Ad  General.  Quartercal.  Session.  Pacis  Dom. 
Regis  tent,  pro  Civitat.  London  per  adjornament. 
apud  Justice-hall  in  le  Old  Bayly,  die  Mercurii  Scil. 
Decimo  Sexto  die  January,  Anno  Regis  Caroli  Se- 
cundi  nunc  Ang.  &c. 

"  Thomas  De  Laune  Convict,  pro  illicite  Scribend. 
Imprimend.  et  Publicand.  Libel.  Seditios.  dert.  eon- 
cernen.  librura  Communis  praecationis.  Fin.  100  Marc. 


Et  committit,  etc. !  Et  ulterius  quousq;  Inven.  bon. 
de  se  bene  gerend.  per  spacium  Unius  Anni  Integri  ex 
tune  prox.  sequen.  Et  quod  libel,  sedit.  cum  igne 
Combust,  sint  apud  Excambium  Regal,  in  London, 
et  si  Del.  Sol.  5  shil.  WAGSTAFFE." 

In  a  letter  containing  a  narrative  of  his  trial 
and  imprisonment,  written  by  him  from  prison, 
occur  many  touches  of  humour.  In  his  remarks 
on  the  sentence  he  says,  — 

"  The  six  shillings  to  be  paid  on  my  discharge  is  to 
the  hangman,  for  the  faggots,  1  suppose." 

"  The  Court  told  us  that,  in  respect  to  our  education 
as  scholars,  we  should  not  be  pillory'd,  though  ('twas 

said)  we  deserved  it We  were  sent  back  to  our 

confinement,  and  the  next  execution-day  our  books  were 
burnt  WITH  FIRE  (not  with  water,  you  must  note),  and 
we  continue  here  ;  but,  since  I  writ  this,  Mr.  Ralphson 
had  a  supersedeas  by  death  to  a  better  place  !  " 

In  his  account  he  affirms  that,  on  his  own  con- 
fession of  being  the  author  of  The  Plea,  and  be- 
cause he  could  find  no  bail,  he  was  committed  to 
Newgate  — 

"  Lodged  among  the  felons,  whose  horrid  company 
made  a  perfect  representation  of  that  horrible  place 
which  you  describe  when  you  mention  hell.  A  hard 
bench  was  my  bed,  and  two  bricks  my  pillow.  But 
after  two  days  and  nights,  without  any  refreshment,  the 
unusual  ness  of  that  society  and  place  having  impaired 
my  health,  which  at  the  very  best  is  tender,  and  crazy, 
I  was  removed,  and  am  now  in  the  press-yard,  a  place 
of  some  sobriety,  though  still  a  prison  ubi  nihil  amabile 
est!" 

Twenty  years  after,  1704,  his  Plea  was  re- 
published,  with  his  narrative,  by  one  of  his  fel- 
low-prisoners, who  had  been  released,  and  who 
calls  it  "  an  elaborate  piece  "  !  He  adds,  that  De 
Laune,  being  unable  to  pay 

"  the  seventy-five  pound,  his  children,  his  wife,  and 
himself  were  imprison'd,  and  all  dy'd  in  New-gate  ;  of 
which  myself  was  an  eye-witness,  and  a  companion 
with  him  for  the  same  cause  in  the  same  prison,  where 
I  continued  above  a  year  after  his  death." 

E.  F.  WOODMAX. 

P.  S.  —  Query,  What  is  the  meaning,  in  the  fore- 
going, of  the  expression  "  at  the  next  execution- 
day"?  Have  we  any  instance  on  record  of  the 
execution  of  a  malefactor  in  front  of  the  Royal 
Exchange  ?  and,  if  not,  did  the  hangman  come 
from  Newgate,  after  "  doing  duty "  there,  and 
burn  the  book  at  the  Exchange  ? 

In  1611  the  books  of  Conrad  Vorstius  were 
publicly  burnt  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  and  both 
the  universities  by  the  king's  order.  (Wilson's 
Life  and  Reign  of  James  L,  p.  120.) 

On  Sunday,  November  21,  1613,  the  books  of 
Francis  Suarez,  the  Spanish  Jesuit,  were  publicly 
burnt  at  St.  Paul's  Cross.  {Court  and  Times  of 
James  I.,  vol.  i.  pp.  279,  280.)  C.  H.  COOPER. 

Cambridge. 


MAT  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


427 


SACK. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  272.) 

With  respect  to  the  wines  called  Sacks,  much 
diversity  of  opinion  has  prevailed ;  and  although 
the  question  has  been  frequently  discussed,  it  still 
remains,  in  a  great  measure,  undetermined.  It 
seems  admitted,  on  all  hands,  that  the  term  sack 
was  originally  applied  to  certain  growths  of  Spain. 
In  a  MS.  account  of  the  disbursements  by  the 
chamberlain  of  the  city  of  Worcester  for  1592, 
Dr.  Percy  found  the  ancient  mode  of  spelling  to 
be  seek,  and  thence  concluded  that  sack  is  a  cor- 
ruption of  sec,  signifying  a  dry  wine.  Moreover, 
in  the  French  version  of  a  proclamation  for  regu- 
lating the  prices  of  wines,  issued  by  the  Privy 
Council  in  1633,  the  expression  vins  sees  cor- 
responds with  the  word  sacks  in  the  original. 
The  term  sec  is  still  used  as  a  substantive  by  the 
French  to  denote  a  Spanish  wine ;  and  the  dry 
wine  of  Xerez  is  known  at  the  place  of  its  growth 
by  the  name  of  vino  seco.  The  foregoing  account 
is  abridged  from  The  History  of  Ancient  and 
Modern  Wines,  by  Alex.  Henderson,  Lond.  1824. 
The  following  is  taken  from  Cyrus  Redding's 
History  of  Modern  Wines,  Lond.  1833  : 

"  In  the  early  voyages  to  these  islands  (the  Canaries), 
quoted  in  Ashley's  collection,  there  is  a  passage  re- 
lative to  sack,  which  will  puzzle  wise  heads  about  that 
wine.  It  is  under  the  head  of  '  Nicols'  Voyage.' 
Nicols  lived  eight  years  in  the  islands.  The  island  of 
Teneriffe  produces  three  sorts  of  wine,  Canary,  Mal- 
vasia,  and  Verdona,  '  which  may  all  go  under  the  de- 
nomination of  sack.'  The  term  then  was  applied 
neither  to  sweet  nor  dry  wines  exclusively,  but  to 
Canary,  Xeres  (i.  e.  sherry),  or  Malaga  generally.  In 
Anglo-Spanish  dictionaries  of  a  century  and  a  quarter 
old,  sack  is  given  as  Vino  de  Canarias.  Hence  it  was 
Canary  sack,  Xeres  sack,  or  Malaga  sack." 

'AA.tet5s. 

Dublin. 

In  reply  to  your  correspondent,  I  believe  sack 
to  be  nothing  but  vino  secco,  dry  wine,  probably 
identical  with  sherry  or  madeira.  I  once,  when  an 
undergraduate  at  Oxford,  ordered  a  dozen  from 
a  travelling  agent  to  a  London  wine  merchant,  pro- 
bably from  Shakspearian  associations,  and  my  belief 
is  that  what  he  sold  me  under  that  name  was  an 
Italian  wine  of  some  sort,  bearing  a  good  deal  of 
resemblance  to  the  vino  panto,  of  which  Perugia  is 
the  head- quarters.  B.  D. 

This  is  the  same  wine  which  is  now  named 
§herry.  Falstaff  calls  it  sherris  sack,  and  also 
sherris  only,  using  in  fact  both  names  indiscri- 
minately (2  Henry  IV.,  Act  IV.  Sc.  3.).  For 
various  commentaries  regarding  it,  see  Blount's 
Glossographia ;  Dr.  Venner's  Via  recta  ad  Vitam 
longam,  published  in  1637  ;  Nares'  Glossary,  &c. 
Cotgrave,  in  his  Dictionary,  makes  sack  to  be 


derived  from  vin  sec,  French ;  and  it  is  called 
seek  in  an  article  by  Bishop  Percy,  from  an  old 
account-book  at  Worcester,  anno  Elizabeths  34. 

N.  L.  J. 


IRISH    LAW   IN    THE    EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  270.) 

What  has  been  mistaken  by  your  correspondent 
for  a  piece  of  Irish  barbarity,  was,  until  the  Act 
12  Geo.  III.  c.  20.,  the  usual  punishment  awarded 
by  the  law  to  culprits  standing  mute  upon  an 
arraignment  of  felony  (that  is,  without  speaking  at 
all,  or  without  putting  himself  upon  God  and  the 
country).  The  judgment  in  such  case  was  : 

"  That  the  man  or  woman  should  be  remanded  to 
the  prison,  and  laid  there  in  some  low  and  dark  room, 
where  they  should  lie  naked  on  the  bare  earth,  without 
any  litter,  rushes,  or  other  clothing,  and  without  any 
garment  about  them,  but  something  to  cover  their  privy 
parts,  and  that  they  should  lie  upon  their  backs,  their 
heads  uncovered  and  their  feet,  and  one  arm  to  be 
drawn  to  one  quarter  of  the  room  with  a  cord,  and  the 
other  arm  to  another  quarter,  and  in  the  same  manner 
to  be  done  with  their  legs ;  and  there  should  be  laid 
upon  their  bodies  iron  and  stone,  so  much  as  they 
might  bear,  and  more ;  and  the  next  day  following,  to 
have  three  morsels  of  barley  bread  without  any  drink, 
and  the  second  day  to  drink  thrice  of  the  water  next  to 
the  house  of  the  prison  (except  running  water),  without 
any  bread ;  and  this  to  be  their  diet  until  they  were 
dead.  So  as,  upon  the  matter,  they  should  die  three 
manner  of  ways,  by  weight,  by  famine,  and  by  cold. 
And  the  reason  of  this  terrible  judgment  was  because 
they  refused  to  stand  to  the  common  law  of  the  land." 
—  2  Inst.  178,  179. 

In  the  Year-Book  of  8  Henry  IV.  the  form  of 
the  judgment  is  first  given.  The  Marshal  of  the 
King's  Bench  is  ordered  to  put  the  criminals^into 
"  diverses  measons  bases  et  estoppes,  que  ils  gisent 
par  la  terre  touts  nuds  forsque  leurs  braces,  que 
ils  mettroit  sur  chascun  d'eux  tants  de  fer  et  poids 
quils  puissent  porter  et  plus,"  &c.,  (as  above). 

It  appears  also,  from  Barrington's  Observations 
on  the  Statutes,  that,  until  the  above-mentioned  act, 
it  was  usual  to  torture  a  prisoner  by  tying  his 
thumbs  tightly  together  with  whipcord  in  order  to 
extort  a  plea ;  and  he  mentions  the  following  in- 
stances where  one  or  more  of  these  barbarous 
cruelties  have  been  inflicted  : 

"  In  1714  a  prisoner's  thumbs  were  thus  tied  at  the 
same  place"  (Old  Bailey),  "who  then  pleaded  ;  and  in 
January,  1720,  William  Spigget  submitted  in  the  same 
manner  after  the  thumbs  being  tied  as  usual,  and  his 
accomplice,  Phillips,  was  absolutely  pressed  for  a  con- 
siderable time,  till  he  begged  to  stand  on  his  trial.  In 
April,  1720,  Mary  Andrews  continued  so  obstinate, 
that  three  whipcords  were  broken  before  she  would 
plead.  In  December,  1721,  Nathanael  Haws  suffered 
in  the  same  manner  by  squeezing  the  thumbs ;  after 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


which  lie  continued  under  the  press  for  seven  minutes 
with  250  Ibs.,  and  then  submitted." 

Barrington  also  says  in  the  text : 

"  As  it  is  very  unusual  for  criminals  to  stand  mute  on 
their  trials  in  more  modern  days,  and  it  was  not  unfre- 
quent,  if  we  go  some  centuries  back  in  English  History, 
it  may  not  be  improper  to  observe,  that  the  occasion  of 
its  being  then  more  common,  was  to  prevent  forfeitures, 
and  involving  perhaps  innocent  children  in  their  parents' 
guilt.  These  forfeitures  only  accrued  upon  judgment  of 
life  and  limb,  and,  to  the  disgrace  of  the  crown,  were 
too  frequently  levied  with  the  utmost  rigour.  The 
sentence,  however,  hath  continued  to  be  put  into  exe- 
cution till  the"  late  Act  of  Parliament  (12  Geo.  III. 
c.  20.)  properly  abolished  it." 

He  mentions  two  other  cases,  one  of  which 
happened  at  the  Sussex  assizes,  under  Baron 
Thompson,  and  the  other  at  Cambridge,  in  1741, 
when  Baron  Carter  was  the  judge.  I  do  not  think 
there  are  any  more  modern  instances  than  these, 
for  they  are  the  only  ones  cited  by  counsel  in 
General  Picton's  case,  in  justification  of  inflicting 
torture  on  a  prisoner.  (Slate  Trials,  vol.  xxx.) 
The  Marquis  Beccaria,  in  an  exquisite  piece  of 
raillery,  has  proposed  this  problem  with  a  gravity 
and  precision  truly  mathematical : 

"The  force  of  the  muscles  and  the  sensibility  of  the 
nerves  of  an  innocent  person  being  given,  it  is  required  to 
find  the  degree  of  pain  necessary  to  make  himself  guilty 
of  a  given  crime." — 1  .El.  Com.  327.  n. 

A  prisoner  standing  mute  at  the  present  day 
would  be  sentenced  to  undergo  the  punishment 
that  would  be  awarded  to  him,  if  found  guilty  of 
the  crime  laid  to  his  charge.  INVESTIGATOR. 

Manchester,  April  4,  1854. 

Blackstone  (book  iv.  chap.  25.)  speaks  of  the 
cases  in  which  punishment  of  "peine  forte  et  dure" 
was  inflicted  according  to  the  ancient  law.  It 
would  occupy  too  great  space  to  quote  what  he  says 
on  this  point,  and,  therefore,  I  must  refer  your 
correspondent  to  his  work  itself,  where  he  will  also 
find  an  inquiry  into  its  origin.  The  punishment  is 
described  almost  in  the  words  of  your  correspon- 
dent's quotation ;  thus : 

"  That  the  prisoner  be  remanded  to  the  prison  from 
whence  he  came,  and  be  put  into  a  low,  dark  chamber  ; 
and  there  be  laid  on  his  back,  on  the  bare  floor,  naked, 
unless  where  decency  forbids  ;  that  there  be  placed  upon 
his  body  as  great  a  weight  of  iron  as  he  could  bear,  and 
more  ;  that  he  have  no  sustenance,  save  only,  on  the  first 
day,  three  morsels  of  the  worst  bread,  and,  on  the  second 
day,  three  draughts  of  standing  water,  that  should  be 
nearest  to  the  prison  door  ;  and  in  this  situation  this 
should  be  alternately  his  daily  diet,  till  he  died,  or  (as 
anciently  the  judgment  ran)  till  he  answered." 

Blackstone  farther  intimates  that  this  punish- 
ment was  abolished  by  statute  12  Geo.  III.  c.  20., 
which  shows,  of  course,  that  it  continued  to  be 


according  to  law  for  more  than  thirty  years  after 
the  date  mentioned  by  ABIIBA.  R.  O. 

The  punishment,  or  more  properly  torture,  al- 
luded to  by  ABIIBA,  was  the  "  peine  forte  et 
rlure,"  commonly  applied  in  the  early  part  of  the 
last  century  to  such  criminals  as  refused  to  plead. 
Many  died  under  it  in  order  to  save  their  estates, 
&c.  from  forfeiture  to  the  crown.  In  my  forth- 
coming anecdotes  of  "  The  Eighteenth  Century," 
several  cases  are  cited  from  the  newspapers  of  the 
time  ;  but,  as  the  MS.  is  now  in  the  printer's  hands, 
I  cannot  refer  to  them.  Writing  from  memory,  I 
think  that  the  last  case  in  which  this  torture  was 
applied  at  the  Old  Bailey  in  London  was  in  1735, 
and  reported  in  the  London  Magazine  of  that  year. 
The  "  Press-yard "  at  Newgate  derives  its  name 
from  being  the  scene  of  these  tortures. 

ALEXANDER  ANDREWS. 


JOB  xix.  26. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  303.) 

Perhaps  the  best  mode  in  which  I  can  comply 
with  MR.  C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY'S  request,  is  to 
send  for  insertion  in  the  "N.  &  Q."  my  MS.  note 
on  the  text  in  Question  : 


my 
:ni7M  ntnx 


The  difficulties  which  the  reader  experiences, 
on  reading  the  authorised  version  of  this  passage, 
are  by  no  means  trifling.  Every  one  knows  that 
the  words  printed  in  Italics  are  not  to  be  found 
in  the  original  ;  the  strictly  literal  rendering,  ac- 
cording to  the  construction  put  upon  the  verse  by 
our  translators,  would  therefore  run  thus  : 

"  And  after  my  skin,  destroy  this, 
Yet  in  my  flesh  shall  I  see  God." 

To  say  the  least  of  it,  "  it  is  hard  to  be  under- 
stood." The  three  words  in  Italics,  arbitrarily 
introduced,  make  the  passage  by  no  means  more 
intelligible. 

The  erudite  author  of  the  marginal  readings 
(see  "N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ix.,  p.  108.)  felt  the  djffi- 
culty,  and  therefore  proposed  another  translation, 
which  is,  — 
"  After  I  shall  awake,  though  this  body  be  destroyed, 

Yet  out  of  my  flesh  shall  I  see  God." 

By  an  effort  of  violent  criticism,  **fly  might  be 
translated  my  awaking;  but  it  will  require  an 
extraordinary  critical  mind  to  turn  HNT  12pJ  into 
though  this  body  be  destroyed. 

The  difficulties  seem  to  have  originated  with 
the  misapprehension  of  the  proper  meaning  of  the 
verb  Fpj  here.  Instead  of  translating  it  accord- 
ing to  its  primitive  signification,  viz.  to  surround 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


a  foreign  sense  lias  been  palmed  upon  it,  viz.  to 
destroy.     Job,  no  doubt,  meant  to  say  thus  : 
"  And  after  ray  skin  has  returned,  this  shall  be; 
And  out  of  my  flesh  shall  I  see  God." 

Thus  the  literal  meaning  demonstrates  a  connect- 
ing link  between  verses  25  and  26.  The  authorised 
version  and  the  marginal  reading  seem  to  lack  that 
link: 

"  And  I  know  that  my  Redeemer  liveth, 
And  He  shall  at  length  abide  upon  the  earth." 

But  would  you  know  when  this  at  length  is  to 
take  place  ?  It  will  come  to  pass  when  a  shaking 
of  the  dry  bones  shall  take  place,  when  bone  to 
bone  shall  be  joined,  when  sinews  and  flesh  shall 
come  upon  them,  and  skin  cover  them  above  ;  that 
is,  when  the  skeleton  of  my  mutilated  body  shall 
be  raised  a  glorified  body.  In  other  words,  — 

«'  And  after  my  skin  returned,  this  shall  be  ; 
And  out  of  my  flesh  shall  I  see  God." 

The  most  ancient  translators  have  evidently  put 
this  construction  upon  the  verse  under  consider- 
ation. The  Chaldee  paraphrase  runs  thus  : 

NT  N*nn  WD  nanxn  "inn  pi 
:  :  KT&K  inn  »»nx  nonis! 

"  And  after  my  skin  is  healed,  this  shall  be  ; 
And  out  of  my  flesh  shall  I  see  the  return  of  God." 


does  not  mean  here  inflated^  as  some  sup- 
pose.    The   Syriac  version   translates   the   word 
by  the  word 


,  which  means  surround, 
wind  round.     The  Vulgate  has  the  following  ver- 
sion of  the  patriarch's  prophetic  exclamation  : 
"  Et  rursum  circumdabor  pelle  mea, 

Et  in  carne  mea  videho  Deum  meum." 
Jerome  evidently  knew  not  what  to  do  with  the 
word  HNT,  and  therefore  omitted  it.     He  might 
have  turned  it  to  good  account  by  translating3  it 
erit  hoc. 

The  above  note  has  been  penned  upwards  of 
five  years  ago,  and  I  transcribe  it  now,  without  a 
single  alteration,  for  the  benefit  of  MK.  C.  MANS- 
PJELD  INGLEBY  and  his  friends. 

MOSES  MARGOLIOUTH. 
Wybunbury,  Nantwich. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photographic  Experiences.  —  We  have  received  from 

our  valued  correspondent  DR.  MANSELL,  of  Guernsey, 

i  suggestion  to  which  we  are  happy  to  give  publicity, 

and  to  the  promotion  of  which  we  shall  be  very  glad  to 

lend  the  columns  of  "  N.  &  Q."     Our  photographic 

readers  are  probably  aware  that  the  Talbotype  process 

increasing  in  favour ;  we  have  recorded  DR.  DIA- 

s    strong    testimony    to    its    advantages.       MR. 

LKWELLYN  has  just  described  his  process'  (which  is 

ikingly  similar)  in  the  Photographic  Journal;  and  in 


a  recent  number  of  La  Lumiere  the  VICOMTE  VIGIER 
confirms  the  views  of  our  countrymen.  DK.  MANSELL, 
who  has  given  our  readers  the  benefit  of  his  experience, 
well  remarks  that  in  all  his  acquaintance  with  physical 
science,  he  knows  nothing  more  remarkable  than  that 
MR.  Fox  TALBOT  should  not  only  have  discovered  this 
beautiful  process,  but  likewise  have  given  it  to  the 
world  (in  1841)  in  so  perfect  a  form,  that  the  innu- 
merable experiments  of  a  dozen  years  have  done 
nothing  essential  to  improve  it,  and  the  best  manipu- 
lators of  the  day  can  add  nothing  to  it.  It  is,  however, 
with  a  view  to  testing  some  of  the  points  in  which 
photographers  differ,  so  as  to  establish  which  are  best, 
that  DR.  MANSELL  suggests,  that  a  table  giving, 

1.  The  time  of  exposure  in  the  camera,  in  a  bright 

May  sun, 

2.  The  locality, 

3.  The  lodgement, 

4.  The  maker  of  the  paper, 

5.  The  diameter  of  the  diaphragm, 

6.  Its  distance  from  the  lens,  and 

7.  The   diameter,  focal  length,  and  maker  of  the 

lens, 

would,  if  carefully  and  honestly  stated  by  some  twenty 
or  thirty  photographers,  be  extremely  valuable.  Of 
this  there  can  be  little  doubt,  and  we  hope  that  our 
scientific  photographic  friends  will  respond  to  this 
suggestion.  We  for  our  parts  are  ready  to  receive 
any  such  communications,  and  will,  at  the  end  of  the 
month,  collate  and  arrange  them  in  such  form  as  may 
best  exhibit  the  results.  It  is  obvious  that,  in  a  matter 
of  such  a  nature,  we  at  least  should  be  furnished  with 
the  names  of  our  correspondents. 

The  Ceroleine  Process.  —  The  unfavourable  state  of 
the  weather  has  prevented  me  from  making  many  ex- 
periments as  to  the  value  of  the  process  given  in  youx 
234th  Number,  but  I  have  seen  enough  to  convince  me 
that  it  will  effect  a  great  saving  of  trouble,  and  be 
more  sensitive  than  any  modification  of  Le  Gray's 
process  that  has  yet  been  published.  It  will,  however, 
be  rather  more  expensive,  and,  in  the  hands  of  persons 
unaccustomed  to  chemical  manipulations,  rather  diffi- 
cult ;  but  the  solutions  once  made,  the  waxing  process 
is  delightfully  easy.  WILLIAM  PUMPHREV. 

On  preserving  the  Sensitiveness  of  Collodion  Plates.  — 
The  Philosophical  Magazine  of  the  present  month  con- 
tains a  very  important  article  by  Messrs.  Spiller  and 
Crookes  upon  this  great  desideratum  in  photographic 
practice.  We  have  heard  from  a  gentleman  of  con- 
siderable scientific  attainments,  that,  from  the  few  ex- 
periments which  he  had  then  made,  he  is  convinced 
that  the  plan  is  quite  feasible.  We  of  course  refer  our 
readers  to  the  paper  itself  for  fuller  particulars  as  to 
the  reasoning  which  led  the  writers  to  their  successful 
experiment,  and  for  an  enumeration  of  the  many  ad- 
vantages which  may  result  from  their  discovery. 
Their  process  is  as  follows  : 

"  The  plate,  coated  with  collodion  (that  which  we 
employ  contains  iodide,  bromide,  and  chloride  of  am- 
monium, in  about  equal  proportions),  is  made  sensitive 
by  immersion  in  the  ordinary  solution  of  nitrate  of 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


silver  (30  grains  to  the  ounce),  and  after  remaining 
there  for  the  usual  time,  is  transferred  for  a  second  so- 
lution of  the  following  composition  : 


Nitrate  of  zinc  (fused) 
Nitrate  of  silver 
Water    - 


2  ounces. 

35  grains. 

6  ounces. 


The  plate  must  be  left  in  this  bath  until  the  zinc  solu- 
tion has  thoroughly  penetrated  the  film  (we  have  found 
five  minutes  amply  sufficient  for  this  purpose,  although 
a  much  longer  time  is  of  no  consequence) ;  it  should 
then  be  taken  out,  allowed  to  drain  upright  on  blot- 
ting-paper until  all  the  surface  moisture  has  been  ab- 
sorbed (about  half  an  hour),  and  then  put  by  until 
required.  The  nitrate  of  zinc,  which  is  still  retained 
on  the  plate,  is  sufficient  to  keep  it  moist  for  any  length 
of  time,  and  we  see  no  theoretical  or  practical  reason 
why  its  sensitiveness  should  not  be  retained  as  long  : 
experiments  on  this  point  are  in  progress  ;  at  present, 
however,  we  have  only  subjected  them  to  the  trial  of 
about  a  week,  although  at  the  end  of  that  period  they 
were  hardly  deteriorated  in  any  appreciable  degree. 
It  is  not  necessary  that  the  exposure  in  the  camera 
should  be  immediately  followed  by  the  development, 
as  this  latter  process  can  be  deferred  to  any  convenient 
opportunity,  provided  it  be  within  the  week.  Pre- 
vious to  development,  the  plate  should  be  allowed  to 
remain  for  a  few  seconds  in  the  original  thirty-grain 
silver-bath,  then  removed  and  developed  with  either 
pyrogallic  acid  or  a  protosalt  of  iron,  and  afterwards 
fixed,  &c.  in  the  usual  manner." 


tfl  $Kn0r 

Tippet  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  370.).  —  P.  C.  S.  S.  cannot 
help  thinking  that  tippet  is  nothing  more  than  a 
corruption,  per  metathesia,  of  epitogium.  Such,  at 
least,  seems  to  have  been  the  opinion  of  old 
Minsheu,  who,  in  his  Guide  to  the  Tongues,  1627, 
describes  it  thus  : 

"  A  habit  which  universitie  men  and  clergiemen 
weare  over  their  gownes.  L.  Epitogium,  ab  firl  and 
toga. " 

P.  C.  S.  S. 

Heraldic  Anomaly  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  298.). — As  your 
correspondent  JOHN  o'  THE  FORD  wishes  to  be 
furnished  with  examples  of  arms  now  extant,  aug- 
mented with  a  cross  in  chief,  I  beg  to  inform  him 
that  on  the  north  side  of  St.  John's  Gate,  Clerken- 
well,  immediately  above  the  arch,  are  three  shields  : 
the  centre  one  bearing  a  plain  cross  (the  arms  of 
the  order) ;  on  the  right,  as  you  face  the  gateway, 
the  shield  bears  a  chevron  ingrailed  between  three 
roundles,  impaling  a  cross  flory,  over  all  on  a  chief 
a  cross ;  that  on  the  left  is  merely  a  single  shield, 
bearing  a  chevron  ingrailed  between  three  roundles 
apparent^  (being  somewhat  damaged),  in  chief  a 
plain  cross.  If  the  colours  were  marked,  they  are 
indistinguishable,  —  shield  and  charges  are  alike 
sable  now.  On  the  south  side  are  two  shields  : 


that  on  the  right  has  been  so  much  damaged  that 
all  I  can  make  out  of  it  is  that  two  coats  have  been 
impaled  thereon,  but  I  cannot  discover  whether 
it  had  the  cross  in  chief  or  not ;  that  on  the  left 
bears  a  chevron  between  three  roundles,  in  chief 
a  plain  cross.  This  shield  also  is  damaged ;  but, 
nevertheless,  enough  remains  to  enable  one  to  make 
out  the  charges  with  tolerable  certainty. 

TEE  BEE. 

George  Wood  of  Chester  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  34.).— I 
think  it  very  probable  that  this  gentleman,  who 
was  Justice  of  Chester  in  the  last  year  of  the  reign 
of  Mary  and  the  first  of  Elizabeth,  will  turn  out 
to  be  George  Wood,  Esq.,  of  Balterley,  in  the 
county  of  Stafford,  who  married  Margaret,  relict 
of  Ralph  Birkenhead,  of  Croughton,  in  Cheshire, 
and  sixth  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Grosvenor,  of 
Eaton,  Knight,  ancestor  of  the  present  noble  house 
of  Westminster.  If  CESTRIENSIS  can  obtain  access 
to  Shaw's  History  of  Staffordshire,  the  hint  I  have 
thrown  out  may  speed  him  in  his  investigations. 

T.  HUGHES. 

Chester. 

Moon  Superstitions  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  79.  145.  321.). 
—  The  result  of  my  own  observations,  as  far  as 
they  go,  is,  that  remarkable  changes  of  weather 
sometimes  accompany  or  follow  so  closely  the 
changes  of  the  moon,  that  it  is  difficult  for  the  least 
superstitious  persons  to  refrain  from  imagining 
some  connexion  between  them  —  and  one  or  two 
well-marked  instances  would  make  many  converts 
for  life  to  the  opinion  ; — but  that  in  comparatively 
few  esses  are  the  changes  of  weather  so  marked 
and  decided  as  to  give  them  the  air  of  cause  and 
effect.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

"  Myself"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  270.). — The  inscription 
from  a  gravestone,  inserted  by  G.  A.  C.,  brought 
to  my  mind  a  poem  by  Bernard  Barton,  which  I 
had  met  within  a  magazine  (The  Youth's  Instructor 
for  December,  1826),  into  which  it  had  been  copied 
from  the  Amulet.  The  piece  is  entitled  "  A 
Colloquy  with  Myself."  The  first  two  stanzas, 
which  I  had  always  considered  original,  are  sub- 
joined for  the  sake  of  comparison  : 

"  As  I  walk'd  by  myself,  I  talk'd  to  myself, 

And  myself  replied  to  me  ; 
And  the  questions  myself  then  put  to  myself, 
With  their  answers  1  give  to  thee. 

Put  them  home  to  thyself,  and  if  unto  thyself, 

Their  responses  the  same  should  be  : 
O  look  well  to  thyself,  and  beware  of  thyself, 
Or  so  much  the  worse  for  thee." 

T.  Q.  C. 
Polperro,  Cornwall. 

I  cannot  inform  G.  A.  C.  by  whom  or  in  what  year 
the  lines  were  written,  from  which  the  epitaph  he 
mentions  was  copied ;  but  he  will  find  them  amongst 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


the  Epigrams,  &c.,  &c.,  in  Elegant  Extracts,  in  the 
edition  bearing  date  1805,  under  the  title  of  a 
Rhapsody.  WEST  SUSSEX. 

Roman  Roads  in  England  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  325.).— I 
think  that  in  addition  to  the  reference  to  Richard 
of  Cirencester,  PRESTONIENSIS  should  be  apprised 
of  the  late  General  Roy's  Military  Antiquities  of 
Great  Britain  (published  by  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries), a  most  learned  and  valuable  account  of 
and  commentary  on  Richard  de  Cirencester,  and 
on  all  the  other  works  on  the  subject;  Stukeley, 
Horsley,  &c.  I  have  my  own  doubts  as  to  the 
genuineness  of  Richard's  work ;  that  is,  though  I 
admit  that  the  facts  are  true,  and  compiled  with 
accuracy  and  learning,  I  cannot  quite  persuade 
myself  that  the  work  is  that  of  the  Monk  of  West- 
minster in  the  fourteenth  century,  never  heard  of 
till  the  discovery  of  an  unique  MS.  in  the  Royal 
Library  at  Copenhagen  about  1757.  I  suspect  it 
to  have  been  a  much  more  modern  compilation. 

C. 

Anecdote  of  George  IV.  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  244. 
338.). — If  JULIA  R.  BOCKETT  has  accurately  copied 
(as  we  must  presume)  the  note  that  she  has 
sent  you,  I  am  sorry  to  inform  her  that  it  is  a 
forgery  :  the  Prince  never,  from  his  earliest  youth, 
signed  "  George"  tout  court;  he  always  added  P. 
If  the  story  be  at  all  true,  your  second  correspon- 
dent, W.  H.,  is  assuredly  right,  that  the  "old 
woman"  could  not  mean  the  Queen,  who  was  but 
eighteen  when  the  Prince  was  born,  and  could  not, 
therefore,  at  any  time  within  which  this  note  could 
have  been  written,  be  called,  even  by  the  giddiest 
boy,  "an  old  woman."  When  the  Prince  was  twelve 
years  old,  she  was  but  thirty.  C. 

General  Fraser  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  161.).  —  The  com- 
munication of  J.  C.  B.  contains  the  following 
sentence : 

"  During  his  interment,  the  incessant  cannonade  of 
the  enemy  covered  with  dust  the  chaplain  and  the 
officers  who  assisted  in  performing  the  last  duties  to 
his  remains,  they  being  within  view  of  the  greatest  part 
of  both  armies." 

As  some  might  suppose  from  this  that  the  Ame- 
rican army  was  guilty  of  the  infamous  action  of 
knowingly  firing  upon  a  funeral,  the  following  ex- 
tract from  Lossing's  Pictorial  Field  Booh  of  the 
Revolution,  lately  published,  is  submitted  to  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  It  tells  the  whole  truth  upon 
the  subject.  It  is  from  vol.  i.  p.  66. : 

"  It  was  just  sunset  in  that  calm  October  evening, 
that  the  corpse  of  General  Fraser  was  carried  up  the 
hill  to  the  place  of  burial  within  the  'great  redoubt.' 
It  was  attended  only  by  the  members  of  his  military 
family,  and  Mr.  Brudenel,  the  chaplain  ;  yet  the  eyes 
of  hundreds  of  both  armies  followed  the  solemn  proces- 
sion, while  the  Americans,  ignorant  of  its  true  character, 
kept  up  a  constant  cannonade  upon  the  redoubt.  The 


chaplain,  unmoved  by  the  danger  to  which  he  was  ex- 
posed, as  the  cannon-halls  that  struck  the  hill  threw 
the  loose  soil  over  him,  pronounced  the  impressive 
funeral  service  of  the  Church  of  England  with  an  un- 
faltering voice.*  The  growing  darkness  added  solemnity 
to  the  scene.  Suddenly  the  irregular  firing  ceased,  and 
the  solemn  voice  of  a  single  cannon,  at  measured  in- 
tervals, boomed  along  the  valley  and  awakened  the  re- 
sponses of  the  hills.  It  was  a  minute  gxm,  fired  by 
the  Americans  in  honour  of  the  gallant  dead.  The 
moment  information  was  given  that  the  gathering  at 
the  redoubt  was  a  funeral  company  fulfilling,  amid 
imminent  perils,  the  last  breathed  wishes  of  the  noble 
Fraser,  orders  were  issued  to  withhold  the  cannonade 
with  balls,  and  to  render  military  homage  to  the  fallen 
brave." 

I  may  add,  for  the  information  of  English  readers, 
that  Lossing's  Pictorial  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution 
is  a  work  of  great  general  accuracy,  written  by  a 
gentleman  who  travelled  thousands  of  miles  to  col- 
lect the  materials.  The  drawings  for  the  work 
were  drawn,  and  the  numerous  woodcuts  engraved, 
by  him.  They  are  the  finest  woodcuts  ever  pro- 
duced in  this  country.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

The  Fusion  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  323.).  —  The  Orleans 
branch,  though  it  derives  its  eventually  hereditary 
claim  to  the  throne  of  France  from  Louis  XIII., 
as  stated  by  E.  H.  A.,  have  later  connexions  in 
blood  with  Louis  XIV.  The  Regent  Duke  married 
Mdlle  de  Blois,  the  legitimated  daughter  of  Louis 
XIV.  Louis-Philippe's  mother  was  great-grand- 
daughter of  Louis  XIV.  by  another  line.  C. 

"  Corporations  have  no  souls  "  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  284.). 

—  This  saying  is  to  be  found  in  Coke's  Reports, 
vol.  x.  p.  32. : 

"  A  corporation  aggregate  of  many  is  invisible,  im- 
mortal, and  rests  only  in  intendment  and  consideration 
of  the  law.  They  cannot  commit  treason,  nor  be  out- 
lawed, nor  excommunicate,  for  they  have  no  souls, 
neither  can  they  appear  in  person,  but  by  attorney." 

ERICA. 

Apparition  of  the  White  Lady  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  317.). 

—  Some  account  of  the  origin  of  this  apparition 
story  is   given   at   considerable   length   by  Mrs. 
Crowe  in  the  Night  Side  of  Nature,  chapter  on 
Haunted  Houses,  pp.  315.  318.  JOHN  JAMES. 

Avington  Rectory,  Hungerford. 

Female  Parish  Clerk  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  338.).  —  The 
sexton  of  my  parish,  John  PofHey,  a  man  worthy 
of  a  place  in  Wordsworth's  Excursion,  was  telling 
me  but  a  few  days  ago,  that  his  mother  was  the 
parish  clerk  for  twenty- six  years,  and  that  he  well 
remembers  his  astonishment  as  a  boy,  whenever 


*   Burgoyne's  State  of  the  Expedition,  p.  169.    Lieu- 
tenant Kingston's  Evidence,  p.  107. 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


he  happened  to  attend  a  neighbouring  church 
service,  to  see  a  man  acting  in  that  capacity,  and 
saying  the  responses  for  the  people. 

JOHN  JAMES. 
Avington  Rectory,  Hungerford. 

I  have  just  seen  an  extract  from  "1ST.  &  Q."  in 
one  of  our  local  papers,  mentioning  Elizabeth 
King  as  being  clerk  of  the  parish  of  Totteridge  in 
1802,  and  a  question  by  Y.  S.  M.  if  there  were 
any  similar  instance  on  record  of  a  woman  being 
a  parish  clerk  ?  In  answer  to  this  Query,  I  beg 
to  inform  Y.  S.  M.  that  in  the  village  of  Misterton, 
Somerset,  in  which  place  I  was  born,  a  woman 
acted  as  clerk  at  my  mother's  wedding,  my  own 
baptism,  and  many  years  subsequently :  I  was 
born  in  1822.  WM.  HIGGINS. 

Bothy  (Yol.  ix.,  p.  305.). — For  a  familiar  men- 
tion of  this  word  (commonly  spelt  Bothie),  your 
correspondent  may  be  referred  to  the  poem  of  The 
Bothie  of  Toper-na-fuosich,  a  Long- Vacation  Pas- 
toral, by  Arthur  Hugh  Clough,  Oxford  :  Macpher- 
son,  1848.  The  action  of  the  poem  is  chiefly  carried 
on  at  the  Bothie,  the  situation  of  which  is  thus  de- 
scribed (in  hexameter  verse) : 

"  There  on  the  blank  hill  side,  looking  down  through 
the  loch  to  the  ocean, 

There  with  a  runnel  beside,  and  pine  trees  twain  be- 
fore it, 

There   with  the  road  underneath,  and  in  sight  of 

coaches  and  steamers, 

|  Dwelling  of  David  Mackaye,  and  his  daughters  Elspie 
and  Bella, 

Sends  up  a  volume  of  smoke  the  Bothie  of  Toper-na- 
fuosich." 

This  sort  of  verse,  by  the  way,  is  thus  humor- 
ously spoken  of  by  Professor  Wilson  in  his  dedi- 
cation, "  to  the  King,"  of  the  twelfth  volume  of 
Blackwood  (1822): 

"  What  dost  thou  think,  my  liege,  of  the  metre  in  which 

I  address  thee  ? 
Doth  it  not  sound  very  big,  very  bouncing,  bubble- 

and-squeaky, 
Rattling,  and  loud,  and  high,  resembling  a  drum  or  a 

bugle  — 
Rub-a-dub-dub  like  the  one,  like  t'other  tantara- 

tara? 
,     (It  into   use  was  brought  of  late  by  thy  Laureate 

Doctor  — 
But,  in  my  humble  opinion,  I  write  it  better  than  he 

does) 
It  was   chosen   by  me   as   the   longest  measure   I 

knew  of, 
And,  in  praising  one's  King,  it  is  right  full  measure 

to  give  him." 

CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

King's  Prerogative  and  Hunting  Bishops  (Vol. 
ix.,  p.  247.). — The  passage  of  Blackstone,  referred 
to  by  the  Edinburgh  Reviewer,  will  be  found  in  his 
Commentaries,  vol.  ii.  p.  413.,  where  reference  is 


made  to  4  [Coke's]  List.  309.  See  also  the  same 
volume  of  Blackstone,  p.  427.  It  is  evident  that 
Bishop  Jewel  possessed  his  "  muta  canum."  See 
a  curious  account  of  a  visit  to  him  by  Hermann 
Falkerzhumer,  in  the  Zurich  Letters,  second  series, 
pp.  84.  &c.  H.  GOUGH. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

Green  Eyes  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  407. ;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  112.). 
—  Antoine  Heroet,  an  early  French  poet,  in  the 
third  book  of  his  Opuscules  d1  Amour,  has  the  follow- 
ing lines  : 

"  Amour  n'est  pas  enchanteur  si  divers 
Que  les  yeux  noirs  face  devenir  verds, 
Qu'un  brun  obscur  en  blancheur  clere  tourne, 
Ou  qu'un  traict  gros  du  vissage  destourne." 

(Love  is  not  so  strange  an  enchanter  that  he  can 
make  black  eyes  become  green,  that  he  can  turn 
a  dark  brown  into  clear  whiteness,  or  that  he  can 
change  a  coarse  feature  of  the  face.)  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Brydone  the  Tourist  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  138.  255. 
305.).— 

"  On  lui  a  reproche  d'avoir  sacrifie  la  verite  au  plaisir 
de  raconter  des  choses  piquantes." 

In  a  work  (I  think)  entitled  A  Tour  in  Sicily, 
the  producti6n  of  Captain  Monson,  uncle  to  the 
late  Lord  Monson,  published  about  thirty  years 
ago,  I  remember  to  have  read  a  denial  and,  as 
far  as  I  can  remember,  a  refutation  of  a  statement 
of  Brydone,  that  he  had  seen  a  pyramid  in  the 
gardens  or  grounds  of  some  dignitary  in  Sicily, 
composed  of— chamber-pots  !  I  was,  when  I  read 
Mr.  Monson's  book  (a  work  of  some  pretensions 
as  it  appeared  to  me),  a  youngster  newly  returned 
from  foreign  travel,  and  in  daily  intercourse  with 
gentlemen  of  riper  age  than  myself,  and  of  attain- 
ments as  travellers  and  otherwise  which  I  could 
not  pretend  to  ;  many  of  them  were  Italians,  and 
I  perfectly  remember  that  by  all,  but  especially  by 
the  latter,  Brydone's  book  was  treated  as  a  book  of 
apocrypha.  "  TRAVELLER. 

Descendants  of  John  of  Gaunt,  Noses  of  (Vol.  vii., 
p.  96.).  —  Allow  me  to  repeat  my  Query  as  to 
E.  D.'s  remark  :  he  says,  to  be  dark-complexioned 
and  black-haired  "  is  the  family  badge  of  the  Her- 
berts quite  as  much  as  the  unmistakeable  nose  in 
the  descendants  of  John  of  Gaunt."  I  hope  E.  D. 
will  not  continue  silent,  for  I  am  very  curious  to 
know  his  meaning.  Y.  S.  M. 

"  Put"  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  271.).— I  am  surprised  at 
the  silence  of  your  Irish  readers  in  reference  to 
the  pronunciation  of  this  word.  I  certainly  never 
yet  heard  it  pronounced  like  "  but "  amongst  edu- 
cated men  in  Ireland,  and  I  am  both  a  native  of 
this  country  and  resident  here  the  greater  part  ol 
my  life.  The  Prince  Consort's  name  I  have  occa- 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


433 


sionally  heard,  both  in  England  and  Ireland,  pro- 
nounced as  if  the  first  letter  was  an  O— "  Olbert" 
— and  that  by  people  who  ought  to  know  better. 

Y.  S.  M. 

"Caricature;  a  Canterbury  Tale"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  351.).  —  The  inquiry  of  H.  as  to  the  meaning 
of  n  "  Caricature,"  which  he  describes  (though  I 
doubt  if  he  be  correct  as  to  all  the  personages), 
appears  to  me  to  point  to  a  transaction  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  celebrated  "Coalition  Ministry"  of 
Lord  North  and  Fox ;  in  which  — 
"Burke  being  Paymaster  of  the  Forces,  committed 
one  or  two  imprudent  acts  :  among  them,  the  restor- 
ation of  Powel  and  Bembridge,  two  defaulting  sub- 
ordinates  in  his  office,  to  their  situations.  His  friends 
of  the  ministry  were  hardly  tasked  to  bring  him 
through  these  scrapes ;  and,  to  use  the  language  of 
Wraxall's  Memoirs,  '  Fox  warned  the  Paymaster  of  the 
Forces,  as  he  valued  his  office,  not  to  involve  his 
friends  in  any  similar  dilemma  during  the  remainder 
of  the  Session.' " 

A.  B.  R. 

Belmont. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

Dr.  Wangen,  the  accomplished  Director  of  the  Royal 
Gallery  of  Pictures,  Berlin,  has  just  presented  us  with 
three  volumes,  to  which,  as  Englishmen,  we  may  refer 
with  pride,  because  they  bear  testimony  not  only  to 
the  liberality  of  our  expenditure  in  works  of  art,  but 
also  to  the  good  taste  and  judgment  which  have  gene- 
rally regulated  our  purchases.  The  Treasures  of  Art 
in  Great  Britain,  being  an  Account  of  the  Chief  Col- 
lections of  Paintings,  Drawings,  Sculptures,  Illuminated 
j\ISS.,  §*c.,  as  the  work  is  designated,  must  become  a 
handbook  to  every  lover  of  Art  in  this  country.  It  is 
an  amplification  of  Dr.  Waagen's  first  work,  Art  and 
Artists  in  England,  giving,  not  only  the  results  of  the 
author's  more  ripened  judgment  and  extended  experi- 
ence, but  also  an  account  of  twenty-eight  collections  in 
and  round  London,  of  nineteen  in  England  generally, 
and  of  seven  in  Scotland,  not  contained  in  his  former 
work.  And  as  the  Doctor  has  bestowed  much  pains 
in  obtaining  precise  information  regarding  the  art  of 
painting  in  England  since  the  time  of  Hogarth,  and 
of  sculpture  since  the  time  of  Flaxman  ;  and  also  de- 
voted much  time  to  the  study  of  English  miniatures 
contained  in  MSS.  from  the  earliest  time  down  to  the 
sixteenth  century  ;  of  miniatures  of  other  nations  pre- 
served in  England  ;  of  drawings  by  the  old  masters, 
engravings  and  woodcuts;  he  is  fully  justified  in  say- 
ing that,  both  as  regards  the  larger  class  of  the  public 
who  are  interested  in  knowing  the  actual  extent  of  the 
treasures  of  Art  in  England,  and  also  the  more  learned 
connoisseurs  of  the  history  of  Art,  this  edition  offers  in- 
comparably richer  and  more  maturely  digested  materials 
than  the  former  one.  Let  us  add,  that  the  value  of 
this  important  and  most  useful  and  instructive  book  is 
greatly  enhanced  by  a  very  careful  Index. 


"VVe  have  received  from  Messrs.  Johnston,  the  geo- 
graphers and  engravers  to  the  Queen,  two  maps  espe- 
cially useful  at  the  present  moment,  viz.,  one  of  the 
Baltic  Sea,  with  enlarged  plans  of  Cronstadt,  Revel, 
Sveaborg,  Kiel  Bay,  and  Winga  Sound ;  and  the 
other  of  the  seat  of  war  in  the  Danubian  Principalities 
and  Turkey,  with  map  of  Central  Europe. 

At  the  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Camden 
Society  on  Tuesday  last,  M.  Van  de  Weyer,  Mr.  Blen- 
cowe,  and  tne  Rev.  John  Webb  were  elected  of  the 
New  Council  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Cunningham,  Mr. 
Foss,  and  Sir  Charles  Young,  who  retire. 

The  Inaugural  General  Meeting  of  the  Surrey  Ar- 
chaeological Society  is  announced  for  Wednesday  next, 
at  the  Bridge  House  Hotel,  London  Bridge,  Henry 
Drummond,  Esq.,  in  the  chair.  Objects  of  antiquarian 
and  general  interest  intended  for  exhibition  may  be 
sent,  not  later  than  Monday  the  8th,  to  Mr.  Bridger, 
the  curator. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  present  State  of  Morocco,  a 
Chapter  of  Mussulman  Civilisation,  by  Xavier  Durriew, 
the  new  Part  of  Longman's  Traveller's  Library,  is  an 
interesting  picture  of  the  institutions,  manners,  and 
religious  faith  of  a  nation  too  little  known  in  Europe. 
—  Deeds  of  Naval  Daring,  §•£.,  by  Edward  Giffard, 
Second  Series.  This  new  volume  of  Murray's  Railway 
Heading  is  well  timed.  —  The  Diary  and  Letters  of 
Madame  D'Arblay,  Vol.  III.,  carries  on  her  record  of 
the  gossip  of  the  Court  during  the  years  1786-7.— 
Critical  and  Historical  Essays,  fyc.,  by  T.  B.  Macau- 
lay,  contains,  among  other  admirable  essays,  those  on 
Walpole's  Letters  to  Mann,  William  Pitt,  Earl  of 
Chatham,  Mackintosh's  History  of  the  Revolution, 
and  Lord  Bacon. 


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ESSAYS  AND  SKETCHES  OF  LIFE  AND  CHARACTER,  by  a  Gentleman 

who  recently  left  his  Lodgings.    London,  1820. 
MEMOIR  OF  SHERIDAN,  by  the  late  Professor  Smyth.    Leeds,  1841. 

12mo. 

Wanted  by  John  Martin,  Librarian,  Woburn  Abbey. 


THE  ARTIFICES  AND  IMPOSITIONS  OF  FALSE  TEACHERS,  discovered 

in  a  Visi'.ation  Sermon.    8vo.    London,  1712. 
THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND  NOT  SUPERSTITIOUS  —  showing  what 

Religions  may  justly  be  charged  with  Superstition,  pp.  46,  8vo. 

London,  1714. 
PHYSICA  ARISTOTELICA  MODEHNA  ACCOMODATA  INUSUM  JUVENTUTIS 

ACADEMICS,  Auctore  Gulielmo  Taswell.  8vo.  London,  1718. 
ANTICHRIST  REVEALED  AMONG  THE  SECT  OF  QUAKERS.     London, 

1723. 
The  above  were  written  by  Wm.  Taswell,  D.D.,  Rector  of 

Newington,  Surrey,  &c. 
MISCELLANEA  SACRA  ;  containing  the  Story  of  Deborah  and  Barak  ; 

David's  Lamentations  over   Saul  and   Jonathan  ;    a  Pindaric 

Poem  ;  and  the  prayer  of   Solomon  at  the  Dedication  of  the 

Temple,  4to.,  by  E.  Taswell.     London,  1760. 
THE  USEFULNESS  OF  SACRED  Music,  1  Chron.  1C.  39.  40.  42.,  by 

Wm.  Taswell,  A.M.,  Rector  of  Wootton-under-Edge,  Glou- 
cestershire.   8vo.     London,  1742. 
COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  WEST  INDIES,  by  the  Hon. 

Littleton  W.  Tazeweil.    London,  1829. 

Wanted  by  E.  Jackson,  3.  Northampton  Place,  Old  Kent  Road. 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  236. 


LIBER  PRECUM.    1569. 

LIBER  PRECUM.     1571. 

LIBER  PRECUM.    1660.    Ch.  Ch.  Oxford. 

LITURGIA.     1670. 

ETON  PRAYERS.    1705. 

ENCHIRIDION  PRECUM.    1707. 

ENCHIRIDION  PRECUM.    1715. 

LIBER  PRECUM.    1819.    Worcester  College,  Oxford. 

Wanted  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Hewett,  Bloxham,  Banbury. 


Any  of  the  occasional  Sermons  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Kingsley,  of 
Eversley,  more  particularly  THE  MISSION  OF  THE  CHURCH  TO 
THE  LABOURING  CLASSES,  and  CLOTHES  CHEAP  AND  NASTY,  by 
Parson  Lot. 

Wanted  by  H.  C.  Cowley,  Melksham,  Wilts. 


The  Numbers  of  the  BRITISH  AND  COLONIAL  QUARTERLY 
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containing  a  review  of  a.  work  on  graduated,  sliding-scale, 
Taxation.  Also  any  work  of  the  French  School  on  the  same 
subject,  published  from  1790  down  to  the  end  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 

Wanted  by  R.  J.  Cole,  12.  Furnival's  Inn. 


BREVINT'S  CHRISTIAN  SACRAMENT  AND  SACRIFICE.    4th  Edition, 
1757.  Rivingtons. 

Wanted  by  S.  Hay  ward,  Bookseller,  Bath. 


J.  G.  AGARDH,  SPECIES,  GENERA,  ET  ORDINES  ALGARUM.    Royal 

8vo.    London,  1848—1853. 
LACROIX,  DIFF.  ET  INTEG.  CALCULUS.    Last  edition. 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  Frederick  Smilhe,  Church  down,  Gloucester. 


PLATONIS  OPERA  OMNIA  (Stallbaum).  Gptnas  et  Erfordiae, 
Sumptibus  Guil.  Hennings,  1832 ;  published  in  Jacobs  and  Rost's 
Bibliotheca  Graeca.  ,Vol.  iv.  Sect.  2.,  containing  Menexenus, 
Lysis,  Hippias  uterque,  lo. 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Macharness,  Barnwell  Rectory,  near 
Oundle. 


ADMIRAL  NAPIER'S  REVOLUTION  IN  PORTUGAL.    Moxon,  Dover 
Street. 

Wanted  by  Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  Bristol. 


to 


F.  R.  F.  The  Third  Part  of  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress  is  an 
imposture.  See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  222.  For  bibliographical 
notices  of  that  work,  see  the  Introduction  to  The  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
published  by  the  Hanserd  Knollys  Society  in  1847. 

I.  R.  R.  For  notices  of  John  a  Cumber,  see  our  Fourth  Volume 
passim.  —  Knight  of  L.  is  Leopold  of  Austria  /  K.  C.,  Knight  of 
the  Crescent  of  Turkey  —  Pricket  is  a  young  male  deer  <>f  two 
years  old.  —  Impresse  is  from  Ital.  imprendere,  says  Blount  :  see 
also  his  Diet.  s.  v.  devise  __  The  Wends,  or  Vends,  is  an  appella- 
tion given  to  the  Slavonian  population,  which  had  settled  in  the 
northern  part  of  Germany  from  the  banks  of  the  Elbe  to  the  shores 
of  the  Baltic. 

W.  W.  (Malta).  Received  with  thanks.  Letters  and  more  sheets 
will  be  despatched  on  the  \Tth. 

A  SUBSCRIBER  (  Atherstone)  is  referred  to  our  Reply  to  B.  P.  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  of  March  25th,  p.  290.  We  propose  giving  a  short 
paper  on  the  subject. 

R.  P.  (Bishop  Stortford)  shall  receive  a  private  communication 
as  to  his  photographic  difficulties. 

B.  (Manchester).  The  new  facts  arising  every  day  necessarily 
compel  the  postponement  of  the  proposed  work. 

Replies  to  many  other  Correspondents  next  week. 

ERRATA  __  Vol.  viii.,  p.  328.,  for  Sir  William  Upton  read  Sir 
William  Ussher.  Vol.  viii.,  p.  367.,  for  Vernon  read  Verdon, 
and  for  Harrington  read  Harington.  Vol.  ix.,  p.  373.,  for  Lord 
Boteloust  read  Botetourt. 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
price  10s.  6d.,  cloth,  boards.  A  few  sets  of  the  whole  Eight  Vo- 
lumes are  being  made  up,  price  4/.  4s  —  For  these  early  application 
is  desirable. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


fkPENING    of  the    CRYSTAL 

\J    PALACE,  1854.— It  is  intended  to  OPEN 

the  CRYSTAL  PALACE  and  PARK  at  the 

end  of  May;  after  which  they  will  be  open 
daily — Sundays  excepted. 

The  following  are  the  arrangements  for  the 
admission  of  the  public  :  — 

Five  Shilling  Days.— On  Saturdays  the  public 
will  be  admitted  by  payment  at  the  doors,  by 
tickets  of  5s.  each,  and  by  tickets  to  include 
conveyance  by  railway. 

Half-Crown  Days — On  Fridays  the  public 
will  be  admitted  by  payment  at  the  doors,  by 
tickets  of  2s.  6d.  each,  or  by  tickets  to  include 
conveyance  by  railway. 

Shilling  Days — Mondays,  Tuesdays,  "Wed- 
nesdays, and  Thursdays  will  be  shilling  days. 
At  the  gates  a  payment  of  Is.  each  will  admit 
the  public,  or  tickets  entitling  the  holder  to 
admission  to  the  Palace  and  Park,  and  also  to 
conveyance  along  the  Crystal  Palace  Railway, 
from  London-bridge  Station  to  the  Palace  and 
back,  will  be  issued  at  the  following  prices:— 

Including  first-class  carriage  -  -  2s.  6d. 
Including  second  ditto  -  -  2s.  Od. 
Including  third  ditto  -  -  Is.  6d. 

Children.—Children  under  12  years  of  age 
will  be  admitted  at  half  the  above  rates. 

Hours  of  Opening — The  Palace  and  Park 
will  be  opened  on  Mondays  at  9  o'clock;  on 
Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  and  Thursdays  at  10 
o'clock  a.m. ;  and  on  Fridays  and  Saturdays  at 
12  o'clock;  and  close  every  day  an  hour  before 
sunset. 

Opening  Day — The  opening  will  take  place 
about  the  end  of  May;  the  precise  day  will  be 
announced  as  early  as  possible.  On  that  occa- 
sion season  tickets  only  will  be  admitted. 

.  Season    Tickets.  —  Season   tickets    will  be 
issued  at  two  guineas  each,  to  admit  the  pro- 


jts,  to  include  conveyance  along 
Palace   Railway   from    London 


prietor  to  the  Palace  and  Park  on  the  day  of 
opening,  and  on  all  other  days  when  the  build- 
ing is  open  to  the  public. 

Season  tickets,  to  ' 
the  Crystal   Palace 

to  the  Palace  and  back,  without  fur 


ther  charge,  will  be  issued  at  four  guineas  each, 
subject  to  the  regulations  of  the  London, 
Brighton,  and  South  Coast  Railway  Company  ; 
but  these  Tickets  will  be  available  only  for 
trains  from  and  to  London  and  the  Palace,  on 
such  days  as  it  is  open  to  the  public,  and  will 
not  be  available  for  any  intermediate  stations. 

No  season  ticket  will  be  transferable  or 
available  except  to  the  person  whose  signature 
it  bears. 

Family  Season  Tickets—Members  of  the 
same  family  who  reside  together  will  have  the 
privilege  of  taking  season  tickets  for  their  own 
use  with  or  without  railway  conveyance  on  the 
following  reduced  terms  :_ 

Families  taking  two  tickets  will  be  entitled 
to  10  per  cent,  discount  on  the  gross  amount 
paid  for  such  tickets ;  taking  three  tickets,  to  a 
discount  of  15  per  cent. ;  taking  four  tickets,  to 
a  discount  of  20  per  cent. ;  and  five  tickets  and 
upwards ,  to  a  discount  of  25  per  cent.  Families 
claiming  the  above  privilege,  and  desiring  to 
avail  themselves  of  it,  must  apply  in  the  ac- 
companying form,  and  these  tickets  will  be 
aval  j  able  only  to  the  persons  named  in  such 
application.  Printed  forms  of  application  may 
be  had  at  the  Office,  3.  Adelaide  Place. 

Season  tickets  will  entitle  to  admission  from 
the  opening  day  till  the  30th  April,  1855. 

The  tickets  to  include  conveyance  by  rail- 
way will  be  delivered  at  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary to  the  Brighton  Railway,  London  Bridge. 

Special  Regulations  and  Bye- Laws All  the 

general  provisions  and  regulations  mentioned 
above  are  to  be  understood  as  being  subser- 
vient to  such  special  provisions,  regulations,  and 
bye-laws  on  the  part  of  the  Railway  Company 
and  the  Palace  Company  as  may  be  found 
necessary  to  regulate  the  traffic,  and  to  meet 


special  occasions  and  circumstances  which  may 
from  time  to  time  arise. 

By  order  of  the  Board, 

G.  GROVE,  Secretary. 

Adelaide  Place,  London  Bridge, 
April  13, 1854. 

Form  of  Application  for  Family  Season 
Tickets. 

To  G.  Grove,  Esq. ,  Secretary,  3.  Adelaide  Place, 

Sir,—  Be  good  enough  to  supply  me  with  family 
season  tickets  for  myself  and  the  following 
members  of  my  family,  who  are  all  residing 
with  me.  Yours  obediently, 

Name 

Address 

Designation 

Schedule  of  Prices  of  Family  Season  Tickets. 

Including  Conveyance 
by  Railway. 

s.  d. 


Without    Conveyance 
by  Railway. 

£  s.  d. 
Two  tickets 
Three    „ 
Four     „ 
Five       „ 
Six 

Seven    „ 
Eight     „ 


3  16    0 
576 

6  15    0 

7  17    6 
990 

11    0    6 


12  12 
14    3 


Ten 


-  15  15    0 


Two  tickets  -    7  11 


Three  „ 
Four  „ 
Five  „ 


Eight 
Nine 
Ten 


-  10  14 

-  13    9 

-  15  15 

-  18  18 

-  22     1 

-  25    4 

-31  10 


Note  __  The  above  application  must  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Secretary,  as  above,  and  accom- 
panied by  a  remittance  for  the  full  amount  of 
the  tickets  asked  for,  according  to  the  ar*>ve 
schedule,  in  favour  of  George  Fasson,  3.  Ade- 
laide Place.  Cheques  must  be  on  a  Condon 
banker,  and  be  crossed  with  the  words  '  Union 
Bank  of  London  ;"  and  no  application,  unless 
«o  accompanied,  will  be  attended  to. 


MAY  6.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


In  one  vol.  8vo.,  price  10s.  &d. 

rTHE   LIFE    OF   MRS.  SHERWOOD    (chiefly    Autobiographical), 

with  Extracts  from  Mr.  Sherwood's  Journal  during  his  Imprisonment  in  France  and 
Residence  in  India!  Edited  by  her  Daughter,  SOPHIA  KELLY,  Authoress  of  the  "De 
Cliffords,"  "  Robert  and  Frederic,"  &c.  &c. 

London  :  DARTON  &  CO.,  Holborn  Hill. 


Just  published,  price  3s.  6d.,  12mo.,  cloth, 

A  N  INDEX   TO   FAMILIAR 

J\.  QUOTATIONS,  selected  principally 
from  British  Authors,  with  parallel  passage* 
from  various  writers,  ancient  and  modern. 
By  J.  C.  GROCOTT,  Attorney-at-Law. 

Liverpool  :  WALMSLEY,  Lord  Street. 
London:  GEORGE  BELL,  186.  Fleet  Street. 


POPISH  NUNNERIES  ! 

This  Day  (price  3s.  6d.1,  a  work  of  Fiction, 
entitled 

QUICKSANDS  ON  FOREIGN 
SHORES,  which  ought  to  he  in  the  hands 
of  every  Protestant  parent  in  the  king- 
dom.   Its  perusal  cannot  fail  to  make  a  deep 
impression,  and  lead  every  right-minded  man, 
who  takes  as  his  rule  the  motto  of  the  great 
Selden,  "  Liberty  above  all  things,"  to  use  his 
best  endeavours  to  aid  Mr.  Chambers'  motion 
for  governmental  inspection  of  these  institu- 
tions. 

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8vo.  Part  XXI.  on  1st  June,  completing 
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strongly  bound  in  cloth,  price  21.  12s.  %d. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  5  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  or  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 

|    Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

j      Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


BIBLIOGRA- 

V    PHICA  ;  a  Library  Manual  of  Theolo- 

gical and  General  Literature,  and  Guide  for 

Authors,  Preachers,  Students,   and   Literary 

Men,  Analytical,  Bibliographical  and  Biogra- 

phical.    A  Prospectus,  with  Opinions  of  the 

tress,  sent  Free  on  receipt  of  a  Postage  Stamp. 

London  :  JAMES  DARLING,  81.  Great 

Queen  Street,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields. 


Just  published,  with  ten  coloured  Engravings, 
price  5s., 

•\TOTES    ON    AQUATIC    MI- 

_Ll  CROSCOPIC  SUBJECTS  OF  NA- 
TURAL HISTORY,  selected  from  the  "  Mi- 
croscopic Cabinet."  By  ANDREW  PR1T- 
CHARD,  M.R.I. 

Also,  in  8vo.,  pp.720,  plates  24,  price  21s.,  or 
coloured,  36s., 

A  HISTORY  OF  INFUSO- 
RIAL ANIMALCULES,  Living  and  Fossil, 
containing  Descriptions  of  every  species,  British 
and  1  oreign,  the  methods  of  procuring  and 
viewing  them,  &c.,  illustrated  by  numerous 
Engravings.  By  ANDREW  PRITCHARD, 
M.U.I. 

"  There  is  no  work  extant  in  which  so  much 
valuable  information  concerning  Infusoria 
(Animalcules)  can  be  found,  and  every  Micro- 
scopist  should  add  it  to  his  library."  —  Silli- 
mans  Journal. 

London  :  WHITTAKER  &  CO.,  Ave  Maria 
Lane. 


EVANS'S       SELF-ACTING 
>    KITCHEN  RANGES  continue  to  main- 
tain their  superiority  over  all  others,  for  roast- 
ing, boilinc,  steaming,  and  baking,  in  the  best 
id  most  economical  manner,  and  yield  a  con- 
"   inK™  Wly  of  hot  water,  with  the  addition  of 
*  HOT  PLATE  over  the  whole  extent  of  the 
R«wge,  from  4  feet  to  6  feet  long. 

vtry  article  for  the  Kitchen  in  COPPER, 
and  BLOCK  TIN,  always  on  Sale  at 


E 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 
&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— • 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street  ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHERS,  DA- 

GUERREOTYPISTS,  &c.  —Instanta- 
neous Collodion  (or  Collodio-Iodide  Silver). 
Solution  for  Iodizing  Collodion.  Pyrogallic, 
Gallic,  and  Glacial  Acetic  Acids,  and  every 
Pure  Chemical  required  in  the  Practice  of 
Photography,  prepared  by  WILLIAM  BOL- 
TON,  Operative  and  Photographic  Chemist, 
146.  Holborn  Bars.  Wholesale  Dealer  in  every 
kind  of  Photographic  Papers,  Lenses,  Cameras, 
and  Apparatus,  and  Importer  of  French  and 
German  Lenses,  &c.  Catalogues  by  Post  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps.  Sets  of  Ap- 
paratus from  Three  Guineas. 


w 


H.     HART,     RECORD 

.  •  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
many  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  he  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
ture, in  any  Branch  of  Literature,  History, 
Topography,  Genealogy,  or  the  like,  and  m 
which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 

I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


ARUNDEL    SOCIETY.  — The 

JLJL  Publication  of  the  Fourth  Year  (1852-3), 
consisting  of  Eight  Wood  Engravings  by 
MESSRS.  DALZIEL,  from  Mr.  W.  Oliver 
Williams'  Drawings  after  GIOTTO'S  Frescos 
at  PADUA,  is  now  ready  ;  and  Members  who 
have  not  paid  their  Subscriptions  are  requested 
to  forward  them  to  the  Treasurer  by  Post- 
Offlce  Order,  payable  at  the  Charing  Cross 
Office. 

JOHN  J.  ROGERS, 

Treasurer  and  Hon.  Sec. 
13.  &  14.  Pall  Mall  East. 
March,  1854. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

XHE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHS, by  the  most  eminent  En- 
ih    and   Continental    Artists,    is    OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 

£  s.  d» 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -  1  1  0 
Additional  Copies  (each)  -  -  0  5  0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)  -  -  -  -  3  3  0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -          -          -          -    5    5   0 

Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 

168.  New  Bond  Street. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  or 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

.£  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir, or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hass£, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,  H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'A^MAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    List* 
and  Designg  Gratis. 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  236. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1812. 


Directors. 


?.  E.  Bicknell,-Esq. 
.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 
M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
"W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.H.Goodhart.Esq. 


T.  Grissell.Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lya  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 
W.Whateley,Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
Physician —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Hankers.—  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
in?  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Pates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100Z..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  — 


Age  £  s.  d. 

17  -  -  -1144 

22  -  -  -  1  18    8 

27  -  -  -  2    4    5 


Age 


37- 
42- 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6^7.,  Second  Edition, 
-with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  "With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


BANK  OF  DEPOSIT. 

3.  Pall  Mall  East,  and  7.   St.  Martin's 
Place,  Trafalgar  Square,  London. 


Established  A.D.  1844. 

TNVESTMENT      ACCOUNTS 

JL    may  be  opened  daily,  with  capital  of  any 
amount. 

Interest  payable  in  January  and  July. 

PETER  MORRISON. 

Managing  Director. 

Prospectuses  and  Forms  sent  free  on  appli- 
•cation. 


"DENNETT'S       MODEL 

5  >  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GRE  AT  EX- 
HIBITION. No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
an  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  (5,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
SOcruineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2L,  31.,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


CHUBB'S  FIRE-PROOF 
SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  — These  safes  ar 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire 
Chubb's  locks,  witli  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool  ;  Hi.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  HorselcyFie 
Wolverhampton. 


Patronised  toy  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  arty  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED    AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

ncknowledsed  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness.  streiK'th- 
ening  when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  ricli  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  M. ;  double  size,  4.?.  Kd.  -.  7s  6d 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerrini,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5.1. 

BflETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also' 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 

shing  manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. ;  Boxes,  2s.  &d.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
^or  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street ; 
JACKSON,  g.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork;  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
M URDOCK, BROTHE RS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchvard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street:  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

,  ALE.  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
8  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  tho  BREWERY, 
3urton-on-Trent  ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
'.oned  Branch  Establishments  : 


MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  1  15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  tak«  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  th^ir  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Mc'licnl  ViMfc^ion,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS  on 
'  ALLROPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  lahel 
^2  1»  ascertained  byits  Caving  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS  "  written  across  it. 


Valuable  Library  of  Books  at  Bigadon  House, 
Devonshire,  Six  Miles  from  the  Railway 
Station,  Totness. 

BE  SOLD  BY  AUCTION, 

.  by  MR.  JOHN  HEATH,  on  Tuesday, 
May  Kith,  and  Two  following  Days,  the  valu- 
able Library  of  Richard  John  King,  Esq. 
(author  of  "Anschar"),  comprising  some  of 
the  best  standard  works  in  Theology.  History, 
Classics,  and  the  general  branches  of  Literature. 
Also  some  curious  works  on  Witchcraft  and 
DsEmonology,  early  printed  books.  &c. 

Catalogues  to  be  had 'of  MR.  SAMPSON 
LOW,  Ludgate  Hill,  and  of  the  Auctioneer, 
Totness. 


M 


LIBRARY  OF  VALUABLE  BOOKS. 

R.  BENTLEY  will  SELL  by 


_  AUCTION,  in  the  Lecture  Room  of  the 
Natural  History  Society,  at  Worcester,  on 
Tuesday,  the  23rd  Day  of  MAY,  18.il,  at 
Eleven  o'clock,  A  VALUABLE  LIBRARY 
of  RARE  and  CHOICE  BOOKS,  including 
one  Copy  of  the  First  Folio  Edition  of  Shak- 
speare,  London.  1623,  and  two  varying  Copies 
of  the  Second  Folio,  London,  1632.  with  many 
valuable  Black-letter  Books  in  Divinity  and 
History. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  at  the  Office  of  the 
Auctioneer,  9.  Foregate  Street,  Worcester,  one 
week  previous  to  the  Sale. 


Sale  of  Photographic  Pictures,  Landscape 
Camera  by  Home  &  Co. ;  also  Prints  and 
Drawings. 

PUTTICK    AND    SIMPSON, 

Auctioneers  of  Literary  Propertv,  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Room. 
191.  Piccadilly,  early  in  MAY.  an  important 
Collection  of  Photographic  Pictures  by  the 
most  celebrated  Artists  and  Amateurs  ;  com- 
prising some  chefs  d'ceurre  of  the  Art,  amongst 
which  are  large  and  interesting  Views  taken 
in  Paris,  Rouen,  Brussels,  Switzerland,  Rome, 
Venice,  various  parts  of  Ensland  and  Scot- 
land. Rustic  Scenes,  Architectural  Subjects, 
Antiquities,  &c.  Also,  some  interesting  Prints 
and  Drawings. 

Catalogues  will  be  sent  on  Anplication  (if  at 
a  distance,  on  Receipt  of  Two  Stamps). 


QALE  of  the  REV.   G.  S.  FA- 

O  BER'S  LIBRARY.  —  MR.  WHITE 
has  received  instructions  to  sell  by  Auction  in 
the  Home  No.  1.  North  Bailey  (next  door  to 
i'i3  Exhibition  Room),  Durham,  on  Tuesday, 
May  9th,  and  three  following  days,  the  ev- 
tensive  and  valuable  Library  of  the  late  REV. 
G.  S.  FABFR,  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  and 
Master  of  Sherburn  Hospital.  Durham,  con- 
sisting of  editions  of  the  Fathers,  Works  on. 
Divinity,  General  Literature,  &c. 

Catalogues  are  now  readv,  and  may  be  had 
of  MESSRS.  F.  &  J.  RIVINGTON.  No.  3. 
Waterloo  Place,  Pall  Mall,  and  of  MR.  S. 
LOW,  169.  Fleet  Street,  London  ;  MESSRS. 
BLACKWOOD  &  SONS,  Edinburgh  ;  of  MR. 
ANDREWS,  Bookseller,  Durham,  and  of  the 
Auctioneer. 

Catalogues  will  be  forwarded  by  Post  by 
MR.  ANDREWS,  Bookseller, ,  Durham,  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps. 


4LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTM  ANTE  AUS  .TRAVELLING-BAG  S, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 
DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  nnd  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
nenta,  are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  th<J 
cind  ever  produced. 
J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


^Bride  Tn  thAr?tvA^-KrSHAr'  °f  NH '  10I  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Pa 
CUyBo7Undci^  -  thePuzish  of  St.  DunSSS  in  the  West, 


rish  of 
in  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 


FOR 


LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC. 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  237.] 


SATURDAY,  MAY  13.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 


WOTKS  :  — 


Page 


"Shakspeare's  Rime  which  he  made  at 
the  Alytre,"  by  Dr.  E.  F.  Rimbault  -  439 

Rons,  the  Scottish  Psalmist,  Provost  of 
Eton  College:  and  his  Will,  by  the 
Rev.  If.  T.  Ellacombe  -  -  -  440 

Oriental  English  Koyal  Letters  to  the 
Grand  Masters  of  Malta,  by  William 
Winthrop  -  -  442 

Disease  among  Cattle,  by  Thos.  Nimmo    445 

Popiana.  by  Harry  Leroy  Temple  -    445 

Hampshire  Folk  Lore, "by  Eustace  W. 
Jacob  -  -  -  -  -  446 

The  most  curious  Book  in  the  World    -    446 

^!;NOR  NOTES  :—  Baptism,  Marriage,  and 
Crowning  of  Geo.  III.  — Copernicus- 
First  Instance  of  Bribery  amongst 
Members  of  Parliament  —  Richard 
Brinsley  Sheridan-Publican's  Invita- 
tion —  Bishop  Burnet  again  !  —  Old 
Custom  preserved  in  Warwickshire  — 
English  Diplomacy  v.  Russian  -  447 

QCEIUES  :  — 

Ancient  Tenure   of  Lands,   by   A.  J. 

Dunkin 448 

Owen  Howe  the  Regicide  -  -  449 

Writings  of  the  Martyr  Bradford,  by  the 

Rev.  A.  Townsend        -          -          -    448 

MINOR  Qt-ERiES  :  — Courtney  Family  — 
"The Shipwrecked  Lovers"— Sir  John 
Bingham— Proclamation  for  making 
Mustard  —  Judges  practising  at  Bar 

—  Celebrated  Wagers— "Pay  me  tri- 
bute, o  r  else "— "  A  regular  Turk" 

_  BL-IIJ.  Rush  —  Per  Centum  Sign  — 
Burial  Service  Tradition— Jean  Bart's 
Descent  on  Newcastle  —  Madame  de 
St:i:;l  —  Ilonoria,  Daughter  of  Lord 
Denny— Hospital  of  John  of  Jerusalem 

—  Heiress  of  Iladdon  Hall—  Monteith 

—  Vundyking  — Hiel  the  Bethelite- 
Earl  01  Glencairn  —  Willow  Bark  in 
Ague  — "  Perturbabantur,"  &c.          -    450 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS:  — 
Seamen's  Tickets  —  Bruce,  Robert  — 
Coronation  Custom— William  Warner 
_  "  Isle  of  Beauty  "  —  Edmund  Lodge 

—  King  John       -  452 

XtsFLiJts :  — 

Has  Execution  by  Hanging  been  sur- 
vived 'i  1>y  William  Bates  -  -  453 

Coleridge's  Christabel,  by  C.  Mansfield 
Ingleby  -  -  -  -  -  455 

.d  Whitelocke          -          -          -    455 

PHOTOHRAPIIIC     CORRESPONDENCE  : 
-elly    Wax    Negatives  —  Ph 
!c  Experience 


.       — 

Photo- 

456 


vrn.TFs  TO  MINOR  QUKRIES  :  _  Turkish 

.<•    _    Dr.    Kdward    Daniel 

;e's  Charts  of  the  Black  Sea  _ 

mi  living  Law  _  Christ's  or 

Titles  to  the  Psalms 

ion-  "Old  Rowley" 

a  -  Abbott  Families     456 


•  -.  &C.          -  -  -    458 

!  Volumes  Wanted         -    4M 

Notice*  to  Correspondents  -          -    459 


MR.  BUSKIN'S  NEW  WOEK, 


Now  ready,  in  crown  8vo.,  with  15  Plates, 
price  8s.  6d.  cloth, 

LECTURES 

ON 

ARCHITECTURE  AND   PAINTING. 

BY 

JOHN    RUSKIN, 

Author  of  "  The  Stones  of  Venice,"  "  Modern 
Painters,"  "  Seven  Lamps  of  Architecture," 
&c. 

London  :  SMITH,  ELDER,  &  CO., 
65.  Cornhill. 


GOVERNMENT  INSPECTION  OF 
NUNNERIES. 

This  Day,  in  fcp.  8vo.,  price  3s.  Gd.  (post  free, 
4*.), 

QUICKSANDS  ON  FOREIGN 
SHORES  !    This  work,  which  is  the  pro- 
duction of  a  lady,  and  revised  by  a  pre- 
late highly  distinguished  in  the  world  of  letters, 
ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  every  Protestant  and 
Catholic  in  the  kingdom. 

BLACKADER  &  CO.,  13.  Paternoster  Row. 


TIT  O  R  E  L  L.  —  RUSSIA     AND 

ITl  ENGLAND,  THEIR  STRENGTH 
AND  WEAKNESS.  By  JOHN  REYNELL 
MORELL.  100  pp.,  12mo.  sd.,  price  Is. 

TX7HITTY.  —  THE  GOVERN- 

TT  ING  CLASSES  OF  GREAT  BRI- 
TAIN :  POLITICAL  PORTRAITS.  By 
EDWARD  M.  WHITTY.  232  pp.,  12mo.  sd., 
price  Is.  6d. 

TRUBNER  &  CO.,  12.  Paternoster  Row. 


Now  ready,  No.  VII.  (for  May),  price  2s.  Gd., 
published  Quarterly. 

PETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW 

JLX  (New  Series) ;  consisting  of  Criticisms 
upon,  Analyses  of,  and  Extracts  from,  Curious, 
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439 


LONDOX,  SATURDAY,  MAY  13,  18'>4. 


"  SHAKSPEARE'S  RIME  WHICH  HE  MADE  AT  THE 
MTTRE." 

In  the  third  volume  of  Mr.  Collier's  valuable 
History  of  Dramatic  Poetry  (p.  275.)  is  the  fol- 
lowing passage,  which  forms  part  of  a  note  : 

"  Mr.  Thorpe,  the  enterprising  bookseller  of  Bed- 
ford Street,  is  in  possession  of  a  MS.  full  of  songs  and 
poems,  in  the  handwriting  of  a  person  of  the  name  of 
Richard  Jackson,  all  copied  prior  to  the  year  1631, 
and  including  many  unpublished  pieces,  by  a  variety 
of  celebrated  poets.  One  of  the  most  curious  is  a  song 
in  five  seven-line  stanzas,  thus  headed  :  '  Shakspeare's 
rime,  which  he  made  at  the  Mytre  in  Fleete  Streete.' 
It  begins  '  From  the  rich  Lavinian  shore;'  and  some 
few  of  the  lines  were  published  by  Playford,  and  set  as 
a  catch." 

In  Mr.  Thorns'  Anecdotes  and  Traditions  (pub- 
lished by  the  Camden  Society)  is  a  story  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  John  Wilson,  to  which  the  editor 
has  appended  an  interesting  note,  adding  : 

"  Wilson  was  the  composer  of  a  glee  for  three  voices, 
published  in  Playford's  Musical  Companion,  where  the 
words  are  attributed  to  S.hakspeare  ;  and  the  supposi- 
tion that  they  were  really  written  by  him  having  been 
converted  into  a  certainty,  by  their  appearing  with 
Shakspeare's  name  to  them  in  the  MS.  Collection  of 
Poetry,  copied  prior  to  1631  by  Richard  Jackson,"  &c. 

Mr.  Thorns  then  prints  the  "  rime,"  not  inap- 
propriately calling  it  "A  Song  for  Autolycus," 
with  this  remark  : 

"  My  late  respected  friend  Mr.  Douce  once  told  tne, 
thnt  some  musical  friend  at  Chichester,  I  think  the 
organist,  possessed  a  copy  of  this  song,  with  an  addi- 
tional verse." 

Mr.  Thorns'  version  of  "  Shakspeare's  Rime" 
was  inserted  (probably  by  our  worthy  Editor  him- 
self?) in  the  first  volume  of  "  N.  &  Q."  (p.  23.) 
with  a  view  of  obtaining  the  additional  stanza  ; 
n  desideratum  which  I  am  now  enabled  to  supply. 
The  following  copy  has  two  additional  stanzas, 
and  is  transcribed  from  a  MS.  Collection  of  Songs, 
with  the  music,  written  in  the  early  part  of  the 
reign  of  James  I.  The  MS.  was  formerly  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Smith,  the  learned  editor 
of  Musica  Antiqua. 

i. 

1  From  the  fair  Lavinian  shore, 
I  your  markets  come  to  store  ; 
Marvel  not,  I  thus  far  dwell, 
And  hither  bring  my  wares  to  sell  ; 
Such  is  the  sacred  hunger  of  gold. 
Then  come  to  my  pack, 

While  I  cry, 
What  d'ye  lack, 

What  d'ye  buy  ? 
For  here  it  is  to  be  sold. 


I  have  beauty,  honour,  grace, 
Virtue,  favour,  time  and  space, 
And  what  else  thou  wouldst  request, 
E'en  the  thing  thou  likest  best ; 
First,  let  me  have  but  a  touch  of  thy  gold. 
Then  come  too  lad, 
Thou  shalt  have 
What  thy  dad 
Never  gave  ; 
For  here  it  is  to  be  sold. 

in. 

Though  thy  gentry  be  but  young, 
As  the  flow'r  that  this  day  sprung, 
And  thy  father  thee  before, 
Never  arms  nor  scutcheon  bore  ; 
First  let  me  have  but  a  catch  of  thy  gold, 
Then,  though  thou  be  an  ass, 

By  this  light 
Thou  shalt  pass 
For  a  knight  ; 
For  here  it  is  to  be  sold. 

IV. 

Thou  whose  obscure  birth  so  base, 

Ranks  among  the  ignoble  race, 

And  desireth  that  thy  name, 

Unto  honour  should  obtain  ; 

First  let  me  have  but  a  catch  of  thy  gold, 

Then,  though  thou  be  an  ass, 
By  this  light, 

Thou  shalt  pass 
For  a  knight; 
For  here  it  is  to  be  sold. 


"  Madam,  come  see  what  you  lack  ? 
Here's  complexion  in  my  pack  ; 
White  and  red  you  may  have  in  this  place, 
To  hide  an  old  ill-wrinkled  face  : 
First,  let  me  have  but  a  catch  of  thy  gold, 

Then  thou  shalt  seem, 

Like  a  wench  of  fifteen, 
Although  you  be  threescore  and  ten  years  old." 

That  this  song  enjoyed  extensive  popularity  in 
the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century,  is 
evinced  by  the  number  of  printed  copies.  It  is 
found  in  Playford's  Select  Ai/res  and  Dialogues, 
1659;  in  Dr.  Wilson's  Cheerfidl  A yres  and  Ballads, 
1660 ;  in  Playford's  Catch  that  Catch  Can,  1667  ; 
and  in  many  subsequent  collections  of  a  similar 
kind.  But  in  none  of  these  works  is  the  name  of 
the  writer  of  the  words  given  ;  and  all  the  copies 
are  deficient  of  the  third  and  fourth  stanzas.  The 
point  of  the  satire  conveyed  in  these  stanzas  was 
lost  after  the  reign  of  James  I.,  which  may  ac- 
count for  their  omission. 

"Shakspeare's  rime,"  being  associated  with 
Wilson's  music,  is  of  some  importance  towards 
settling  the  point  of  authorship.  In  1846  I 
printed  a  little  pamphlet  with  the  following  title : 

"  Who  was  Jack  Wilson,  the  Singer  of  Shakspeare's 
Stage?  An  Attempt  to  prove  the  Identity  of  this 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


Person  with  John  Wilson,  Doctor  of  Musick,  in  the 
University  of  Oxford,  A.D.  1644." 

It  would  be  out  of  place  here  to  dwell  upon  this 
publication ;  suffice  it  to  say,  that  all  the  inform- 
ation I  have  since  collected,  tends  to  confirm  the 
hypothesis  advanced.  One  extract  from  this 
brochure  will  show  the  connexion  that  existed 
between  Shakspeare  and  Wilson  : 

"  Wilson  was  the  composer  of  four  other  Shak- 
spearian  lyrics,  a  fact  unknown  to  Mr.  Collier,  when 
he  wrote  the  article  in  the  Shakspeare  Papers  :  '  Where 
the  bee  sucks,'  «  Full  fathom  five,'  «  Lawn  as  white  as 
driven  snow,'  and  '  From  the  fair  Lavinian  shore.' 
They  are  all  printed  in  the  author's  Cheerfull  Ayrcs  or 
Ballads,  Oxford,  1660.  We  have  now  evidence  from 
this  work,  that  Wilson  was  the  original  composer  of 
the  music  to  one  of  Shakspeare's  plays.  He  says  in  his 
preface,  '  some  of  these  ayres  were  originally  composed 
by  those  whose  names  are  affixed  to  them,  but  are  here 
placed  as  being  new  set  by  the  author  of  the  rest.  The 
two  songs,  '  Where  the  bee  sucks,'  and  «  Full  fathom 
five,'  have  appended  to  them  the  name  of  '  R.  Johnson,' 
who,  upon  this  evidence,  we  may  undoubtedly  con- 
clude was  the  original  Composer  of  the  music  in  the 
play  of  the  Tempest.  The  song  '  Lawn  as  white  as 
driven  snow,'  from  the  Winter's  Talc,  has  the  name  of 
« John  Wilson'  attached  to  it,  from  which  it  is  equally 
certain  that  he  was  its  original  composer.  In  my  own 
mind,  the  circumstances  connected  with  the  Shak- 
spearian  lyrics  in  this  book  are  almost  conclusive  as  to 
the  identity  of  John  Wilson  the  composer  with  John 
Wilson  the  singer.  Unless  the  composer  had  been 
intimately  acquainted  with  the  theatre  of  Shakspeare's 
day,  it  is  not  likely  that  he  would  have  remembered, 
so  long  after,  the  name  of  one  of  its  composers. 
Nor  is  it  likely,  being  so  well  acquainted  with  the 
original  composers  of  the  Shakspearian  drama,  and  so 
anxious  as  he  appears  to  have  been  to  do  justice  to 
their  memory,  that  he  would  have  omitted  informing 
us,  who  was  the  original  composer  of  the  song  in  the 
Winter's  Tale,  had  it  been  any  other  than  himself.  The 
Winters  Tale  was  not  produced  before  1610  or  1611, 
at  which  period  Wilson  was  sixteen  or  seventeen  years 
old,  an  age  quite  ripe  enough  for  the  production  of 
the  song  in  question." 

A  reviewer  of  my  little  publication  in  the 
Athenceum  (Nov.  8,  1846)  makes  the  following 
remark : 

"  Let  us  observe,  in  conclusion,  that  Dr.  Rimbault 
is  better  read  in  Jack  Wilson  than  Ben  Jonson,  or  we 
should  never  have  seen  Mr.  Shakspeare's  '  Rime'  at 
the  '  Mitre,'  in  Fleet  Street,  seriously  referred  to  as  a 
genuine  composition.  It  is  a  mere  clumsy  adaptation, 
from  Ben's  interesting  epigram  '  Inviting  a  Friend  to 
Supper.' " 

It  is  really  too  bad  to  be  charged  with  ig- 
norance unjustly.  I  have  on  my  shelves  the  works 
of  glorious  Ben,  three  times  over  :  in  folio  1616-31; 
in  folio,  1692 ;  and  in  nine  volumes  octavo  (Gif- 
ford's  edition),  1816;  all  of  which  I  will  freely 
give  to  the  "reviewer,"  if  he  can  prove  that  one 


line  of  "  Shakspeare's  Rime  at  the  Mytre"  is  taken 
from  the  aforesaid  epigram.  I  heartily  ajjree  with 
him  in  admiration  of  Jonson's  spirited  imitation  of 
Martial,  which  I  have  transcribed  as  a  pleasant 
relish  towards  digesting  these  rambling  remarks  : 

"  INVITING    A    FRIEND    TO    SUPPER. 

To-night,  grave  Sir,  both  my  poor  house  and  I 

Do  equally  desire  your  company  : 

Not  that  we  think  us  worthy  such  a  guest, 

But  that  your  worth  will  dignify  our  feast, 

With  those  that  come  ;  whose  grace  may  make  that 

seem 

Something,  which  else  could  hope  for  no  esteem. 
It  is  the  fair  acceptance,  Sir,  creates 
The  entertainment  perfect,  not  the  cates. 
Yet  shall  you  have,  to  rectify  your  palate, 
An  olive,  capers,  or  some  better  salad, 
Ushering  the  mutton ;  with  a  short-legg'd  hen, 
If  we  can  get  her,  full  of  eggs,  and  then, 
Limons,  and  wine  for  sauce :  to  these,  a  coney 
Is  not  to  be  despair'd  of  for  our  money  ; 
And  though  fowl  now  be  scarce,  yet  there  are  clerks, 
The  sky  not  falling,  think  we  may  have  larks. 
I'll  tell  you  of  more,  and  lie,  so  you  will  come : 
Of  partridge,  pheasant,  woodcock,  of  which  some 
May  yet  be  there ;  and  godwit  if  we  can  ; 
Knat,*  rail,  and  ruff  too.      Howsoe'er  my  man 
Shall  read  apiece  of  Virgil,  Tacitus, 
Livy,  or  of  some  better  book  to  us, 
Of  which  we'll  speak  our  minds,  amidst  our  meat ; 
And  I'll  profess  no  verses  to  repeat : 
To  this  if  aught  appear,  which  I  not  know  of, 
That  will  the  pastry,  not  my  paper,  show  of. 
Digestive  cheese,  and  fruit  there  sure  will  be ; 
But  that  which  most  doth  take  my  muse  and  me, 
Is  a  pure  cup  of  rich  Canary  wine, 
Which  is  the  Mermaid's  now,  but  shall  be  mine : 
Of  which  had  Horace  or  Anacreon  tasted, 
Their  lives,  as  do  their  lines,  till  now  had  lasted. 
Tobacco,  nectar,  or  the  Thespian  spring, 
Are  all  but  Luther's  beer,  to  this  I  sing. 
Of  this  we  will  sup  free,  but  moderately, 
And  we  will  have  no  Pooly',  or  Parrot  by  ; 
Nor  shall  our  cups  make  any  guilty  men  : 
But  at  our  parting,  we  will  be,  as  when 
We  innocently  met.      No  simple  word, 
That  shall  be  utter'd  at  our  mirthful  board, 
Shall  make  us  sad  next  morning  ;  or  affright 
The  liberty,  that  we'll  enjoy  to-night." 

EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 


ROUS,    THE    SCOTTISH    PSALMIST,    PROVOST    OF    ETC 
COLLEGE  :    AND    HIS    WILL. 

Looking  over  some  back  Numbers  of  "  N.  &    r 
I  see  an  inquiry  (Vol.  v.,  p.  81.)  after  Francis  Rou; 
G.  N.  will  find  an  account  of  him  in  Chalmersj 
Biographical  Dictionary,  gathered  out  of  Wood's 
Athena;    Noble's    Memoir  of  Cromwell,    vol.  i. 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


p.  409. ;  Lysons'  Environs  of  London,  vol.  ii. ; 
Granger,  vol.  iii. 

In  his  will,  a  copy  of  which  lies  before  me, 
proved  Feb.  10,  1658,  he  speaks  of  "a  youth  in 
Scotland,  his  grandson,"  and  "  as  the  heir  of 
idleness  abhorring  to  give  him  an  estate,  but 
•wishing  he  might  be  a  useful  member  of  Christ 
and  the  Commonwealth,  he  desires  his  executors 
to  give  him  50Z.  a  year  so  long  as  he  shall  be  in 
preparation  towards  a  profession,  and  as  many  of 
his  books  as  may  be  fit  for  him." 

I  shall  be  much  obliged  if  any  correspondent 
can  find  out  anything  farther  about  the  said 
"  youth  in  Scotland  ?  "  H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst  St.  George. 

p.  S.  —Why  should  not  "  K  &  Q."  be  the  pub- 
lisher of  any  curious  old  wills,  which  might  interest 
the  general  reader?  Allow  me  to  suggest  a  corner 
for  Testamenta  Vestusta.  I  will  begin  by  sending 
a  copy  of  the  will  of  Francis  Rous. 


This  my  last  Will  and  Testament,  I,  Francis  Rous, 
Provost  of  Eaton  College,  wrote  and  made 
March  18th,  1657. 

Forasmuch  as  to  put  houses  in  order  before  our 
departure  is  pleasing  to  the  God  of  order,  I  do 
dispose  of  my  affairs  and  estates  in  manner  fol- 
lowing : 

There  is  a  youth  in  Scotland  concerning  whom 
(because  they  call  him  my  grandson)  it  is  per- 
chance expected  that  I  should  do  some  great 
matters  for  him  ;  but  his  father  marrying  against 
my  will  and  prohibition,  and  giving  me  an  abso- 
lute discharge  before  the  marriage  under  his  hand, 
not  to  expect  anything  from  me  if  he  did  marry 
contrary  to  my  prohibition,  I  hold  myself  dis- 
charged from  the  father,  and  consequently  from 
the  son  of  that  father,  the  son  having  no  interest 
in  me  but  by  the  father.  And  I  hold  it  a  good 
example,  for  the  benefitt  of  the  Commonwealth, 
that  matters  of  discouragement  should  be  put  upon 
such  marriages,  being  assured  that  their  parents 
will  not  disinheritt  or  lessen  them,  especially  if 
they  have  but  one  son,  and  that  which  Solomon 
saith  is  to  be  considered  —  an  understanding 
servant  shall  have  rule  over  a  son  that  maketh 
ashamed,  and  both  that  *,  and  his  son,  and  his  son 
in  Scotland  have  both  made  ashamed,  the  one  in 
his  match,  the  other  by  a  sad  mischief  of  dangerous 
consequence  and  fatal ;  and  though  his  mother  is 
bound  to  maintain  him,  yet  because  I  wish  he 
might  be  a  useful  member  of  Christ  and  the  Com- 
monwealth, towards  which  I  think  she  is  not  well 
able  to  give  him  an  answerable  education,  I  have 
in  this  my  will  taken  course  for  a  competent 


This  appears  to  be  an  error. 


maintenance  for  him  towards  a  profession,  and  in 
it  utterly  abhorring  to  give  him  an  estate,  as  the 
heir  of  idleness.  Wherefore  to  the  fore-mentioned 
purpose,  I  desire  my  executor  to  give  him  501.  a 
year,  so  long  as  he  shall  be  in  preparation  towards 
a  profession,  or  shall  really  and  seriously  be  in 
the  practice  of  it ;  and  as  many  of  my  books  as 
may  be  fitt  for  him  in  the  profession  he  shall  un- 
dertake, and  shall  not  be  given  to  Pembroke 
College,  I  desire  my  executor  to  give  unto  him  : 
but  if  he,  or  a  guardian,  or  any  other,  shall  sue  or 
implead,  or  call  my  executor  into  question  to  his 
trouble  or  cost,  I  leave  it  to  my  executor's  choice 
whether  he  will  pay  his  maintenance  of  50Z.  per 
annum,  or  any  part  of  it. 

I  give  to  Mr.  Ellford,  my  pastor  at  Acton,  20Z. 
I  give  51.  per  annum  for  ever  to  be  disposed  of 
in  buying  Bibles,  catechisms,  or  for  encouraging 
poor  children  to  learn  to  read  and  answer  in 
catechising  in  the  parish  of  Dittisharn,  in  the 
county  of  Devon,  the  place  of  my  nativity  and 
baptism,  which  sum  shall  be  bestowed  according 
to  the  direction  of  the  minister  there  for  the  time 
being  ;  and  to  the  present  minister  I  give  20Z. 
give  to  the  poor  of  Acton  each  five  shillings  ;  I 
give  to  the  poor  of  Westminster,  Kensington, 
Knightsbridge,  half  a  year's  rent  of  that  which 
they  used  to  receive.  I  give  Mr.  Bartlett  of 
Windsor  20Z.  I  appoint  100?.  to  be  lent  to  my 
nephew  William  Rous,  which  he  must  pay  by  10Z. 
a  year  to  my  nephew  Richard  Rous,  his  son.  I 
give  Thomas  Rous,  of  King's  College,  61.  for  two 
years.  I  give  Eliz.  Rous,  of  Penrose  in  Cornwall, 
201.  I  give  Anthony  Rous  at  Eaton  School,  51.  a 
year  for  seven  years.  I  give  to  my  niece  Rud- 
yard,  and  her  sisters  Skelton  and  Dorothy,  each 
20Z.  I  give  to  Margaret  Baker  101.  I  give  to  a 
poor  Xtian  woman  in  Dartmouth,  Mrs.  Adams, 
10Z.  To  Robert  Needier  I  give  a  black  suit  and 
cloak;  the  like  to  William  Grantham  and  101. 
To  my  niece  Portman,  now  in  my  house,  I  give 
50Z.  To  my  other  friends  of  more  ability,  I  leave 
it  to  my  executor  to  give  such  memorials  as  he 
shall  think  fitt.  To  the  poor  of  Eaton  I  give  201. 
To  each  of  my  servants  that  are  with  me  at  my 
decease  I  give  black  suits  and  51. ;  and  to  Peter 
Fluellen,  who  is  now  endeavouring  to  get  a  place 
of  removal,  10Z.  I  give  to  Thomas  Rolle  of 
Eaton,  and  Robert  Yard,  each  10Z.  I  give  to 
Christian,  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  Johnson,  201.  I 
give  to  the  young  Winnington  of  Eaton,  10Z.  I 
give  40Z.  per  annum  out  of  the  Parsonage  or 
Tythe  of  Great  Brookeham  in  Surry,  to  maintain 
two  schollars  in  Pembroke  College  in  Oxford.  I 
also  give  20Z.  per  annum  unto  one  schollar  more 
in  the  same  college,  out  of  a  tenement  in  the 
Manor  of  Wootton  in  Cornwall,  during  two  lives 
of  two  Bigfords,  and  after  their  decease  out  of  a 
tenement  of  mine  in  Cowkberry,  in  Devon,  for 
ever.  The  schollars  to  be  chosen  are  to  be  poor, 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


not  having  10Z.  a  year,  apt  to  learning,  and  to  be 
of  the  posterity  of  myself  or  my  brother  Robert, 
Richard,  or  Arthur  Rous,  or  of  my  sister  Nicholl, 
or  my  sister  Upton ;  and  if  no  such  shall  be  ten- 
dered, then  they  are  to  be  chosen  out  of  the  two 
highest  forms  in  Eaton  College.  I  give  power  to 
my  executor  to  choose  them  during  his  life,  and 
desire  him,  with  the  advice  of  my  dear  kinsman, 
Mr.  Ambrose  Upton,  Prebend  of  Xt  Church  in 
Oxford,  to  settle  and  order  all  things  for  tiie  sure 
and  usefull  continuance  of  their  allowances  to 
schollars  so  qualified  as  before  and  of  good  con- 
versation, and  that  they  study  divinity,  and  some 
time  before  they  be  Batchelors  of  Arts  they  make 
good  proof  of  their  studying  divinity,  and  that 
they  continued  in  their  several  places  but  seven 
years,  and  then  others  to  be  chosen  in  their 
rooms.  What  shall  be  above  40/.  per  annum 
arising  out  of  the  tythe  of  Brookham  declaro,  and 
above  all  rates  and  taxes,  I  give  unto  the  minister 
of  that  parish  ;  and  I  give  the  parsonage  to  my 
respected  kinsman  Samuel  Rous,  Esq.,  of  that 
parish,  yet  so,  that  if  he  die  before  my  executor, 
my  executor  shall  present  during  his  life,  and 
after  it  shall  go  to  the  heirs  of  the  said  Samuel 
Rous,  it  being  to  be  hoped  that  their  dwelling  be 
there  they  will  be  carefull  for  their  own  souls.  I 
do  make  and  constitute  my  dear  kinsman  Anthony 
Rous,  Esq.,  of  Wootton,  in  the  county  of  Cornwall, 
commonly  called  or  known  by  the  name  of  Colonel 
Rous,  to  be  my  whole  and  sole  executor.  And  I 
give  and  bequeath  to  him  all  my  lands,  tenements, 
my  interest  in  the  parsonage  of  Great  Brookham 
in  Surrey,  all  my  leases,  chattels,  plate,  money, 
and  other  goods  whatsoever,  as  also  my  copyholds, 
which  shall,  according  to  custom,  be  made  over  to 
him  in  Acton  or  Branford,  hoping  that  he  will 
faithfully  dispose  them  according  to  my  will  and 
intention  made  known  to  him ;  and  I  give  him 
100Z.,  and  lend  him  200Z.  more  for  seven  years, 
which  he  may  bestow  in  defence  of  himself  as  to 
law  suits,  if  any  be  brought  as  concerning  my 
estate,  or  if  there  shall  be  none  to  bestow,  in  some 
charitable  use  as  he  shall  think  fitt.  I  desire  my 
body  may  be  interred  and  put  to  rest  in  the 
chappie  of  Eaton  College,  a  place  that  hath  my 
dear  affections  and  prayers  that  it  may  be  a 
flourishing  nursery  of  piety  and  learning  to  the 
end  of  the  world.  And  for  a  profession  of  my 
faith,  I  refer  myself  to  the  works  which  I  not  long 
since  published  in  one  volume,  wherein  I  have 
professed  a  right  and  saving  faith,  and  hope  to 
continue  therein  until  faith  shall  be  swallowed  up 
of  sight,  laying  hold  of  the  free  grace  of  God  in 
his  beloved  Son  as  my  only  title  to  eternity, 
being  confident  that  his  free  grace,  which  took 
me  up  lying  in  the  blood  of  irregeneration.  will 
wash  away  the  guilt  of  that  estate,  and  all  the 
cursed  fruits  of  it  by  the  pretious  blood  of  his 
Son,  and  will  wash  away  the  filth  of  it  by  the 


spirit  of  his   Son,   and   so  present   me   faultless 
before  the  presence  of  God's  glory  with  joy. 

(Signed)  FRANCIS  Rous. 

The  Right  Honorable  Francis  Rous,  Esq.,  ac- 
knowledged this  to  be  his  last  will  and  testament, 
the  12th  day  of  April,  1  658  *,  in  the  presence  of 
me,  Abel  Borsett,  endorsed,  upon  a  paper  wherein 
the  original  will  was  folded  and  sealed  up,  thus, 
viz.,  "  My  last  will,  attested  by  Mr.  Humphreys 
and  Mr.  Borsett." 

This  will  was  proved  at  London  the  10th  day 
of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1658, 
before  the  judges  for  probate  of  wills  and  granting 
administrations  lawfully  authorised,  by  the  oath 
of  Collonell  Anthony  Rouse,  Esq.,  the  sole  and 
only  executor  named  in  the  said  will,  to  whom 
administration  of  all  and  singular  the  goods, 
chattels,  and  debts  of  the  said  deceased  was 
granted  and  committed. 


ORIGINAL  ENGLISH   ROYAL  LETTERS  TO  THE  GRAND 
MASTERS    OF    MALTA. 

(Concluded  from  Vol.  ix.,  p.  419.) 

•No.  XI. 
Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  illustrious  and  most  high  Prince, 
the  Lord  Nicholas  Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the 
Order  of  Malta,  our  well-beloved  cousin  and 
friend  —  Greeting  : 

It  having  appeared  to  us  a  'matter  of  interest, 
not  only  to  ourselves,  but  likewise  to  the  whole 
Christian  world,  that  we  also  should  keep  in  the 
Mediterranean  sea  a  certain  number  of  galleys 
ready  to  afford  prompt  aid  to  our  neighbours  and 
allies  against  the  frequent  insults  of  the  barbarians 
and  Turks,  we  lately  caused  to  be  constructed  two 
galleys,  one  in  Genoa,  and  the  other  in  the  port  of 
Leghorn ;  in  order  to  man  these,  we  directed  a 
person  well  acquainted  with  such  affairs  to  be  sent, 
as  to  other  parts,  so  also  to  the  island  of  Malta, 
subject  to  the  rule  of  your  highness,  in  order  to 
buy  slaves  and  procure  other  necessaries.  He  having 
purchased  some  slaves,  it  has  been  reported  to  us 
that  your  highness'  collector  of  customs  demanded 
five  pieces  of  gold  of  Malta  money  per  head  before 
they  could  be  permitted  to  embark,  under  the 
title  of  toll ;  at  which  proceeding  we  were  certainly 
not  a  little  astonished,  it  appearing  to  us  a  new- 
proceeding,  and  one  contrary  to  custom,  especially 
it  being  well  known  to  us  that  our  neighbours  and 
allies,  the  Kings  of  France  and  Spain,  are  never 
accustomed  to  pay  anything  under  the  title  of  toll 

*  It  should  doubtless  be  1657. 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


for  the  slaves  which  they  cause  yearly  to  be  trans- 
ported from  vour  island. 

We  therefore  beg  your  highness,  by  the  good 
and  long  friendship  existing  between  us,  to  grant 
to  us  the  same  privilege  in  regard  to  this  kind  of 
commerce  within  the  territories  of  your  highness, 
as  is  enjoyed  by  both  our  said  neighbours  and  allies, 
which  although  it  ought  to  be  conceded  to  us  simply 
on  account  of  our  mutual  friendship  and  our  affec- 
tion towards  your  highness  and  the  illustrious 
Order  of  Malta,  still  we  shall  receive  so  gratefully, 
that  if  at  any  time  we  can  do  anything  to  please 
your  highness,  we  shall  be  always  ready  to  do  it, 
with  all  attention,  and  most  willingly. 

In  the  meantime  we  heartily  recommend  your 
highness  and  all  the  members  of  the  illustrious 
Order  of  Malta,  as  well  as  all  your  affairs,  to  the 
Divine  keeping. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Westminster  on  the 
12 th  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1673,  and  of  our  reign  the  25th. 

Your  Highness'  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 
No.  XII. 
Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of 

the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince,  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend  —  Greeting  : 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  well-beloved  cousin 
and  friend. 

The  military  order  over  which  your  eminence 
most  worthily  presides,  having  always  used  its 
power  to  render  the  navigation  of  the  sea  safe  and 
peaceable  for  Christians,  we  in  no  way  doubt  that 
our  ships  of  war,  armed  for  the  same  purpose,  will 
receive  from  your  eminence  every  office  of  friend- 
ship. We  therefore  are  desirous  of  signifying  to 
your  eminence  by  these  our  letters  that  we  have 
sent  a  squadron  of  our  royal  fleet  to  the  Medi- 
terranean sea  under  the  command  of  Sir  John 
Narbrough,  knight,  to  look  after  the  safety  of 
navigation  and  commerce,  and  to  oppose  the 
enemies  of  public  tranquillity.  We  therefore 
amicably  beseech  your  eminence  that  if  ever  the 
above-named  Admiral  Narbrough,  or  any  of  our 
ships  cruising  under  his  flag,  should  arrive  at  any 
of  your  eminence's  ports  or  stations,  or  in  any 
place  subject  to  the  Order  of  Malta,  that  they 
may  be  considered  and  treated  as  friends  and  allies, 
and  that  they  may  be  permitted  to  purchase  with 
their  money,  and  at  just  prices,  and  to  export  pro- 
visions and  munitions  of  war,  and  whatever  they 
may  require,  which,  on  similar  occasions,  we  will 
abundantly  reciprocate  to  your  eminence  and  to 
your  most  noble  Order. 

In  the  mean  time  we  heartily  recommend  your 
eminence  to  the  safeguard  of  the  Most  High  and 
Most  Good  God. 


Given  from  our  palace  of  Whitehall  the  last 
day  of  November,  1574. 

Your  Highness'  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 

No.  XIII. 
Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  cousin  and  well- 
beloved  friend — Greeting: 

Although  we  in  no  way  doubt  of  the  sincere 
readiness  of  your  eminence  and  of  your  holy  Order 
of  Malta  to  do  everything  which  might  be  known. 
to  be  expedient  for  our  interests,  still  we  could 
not  read  your  eminence's  letters  under  date  of 
24th  March  last,  in  which  such  readiness  is  fully 
set  forth,  without  the  greatest  pleasure.  Our  affec- 
tion is  sharpened  and  excited  by  the  mention  of 
the  good  will  of  our  predecessors,  the  Kings  of 
Great  Britain,  evinced  in  every  age  towards  your 
most  illustrious  Order,  which,  as  your  eminence 
in  your  said  letters  so  honourably  commemorates, 
so  will  we  studiously  endeavour  to  imitate,  and 
even  to  surpass.  From  our  admiral,  Sir  John 
Narbrough,  knight,  and  also  from  other  parties, 
we  have  heard  with  how  much  benignity  your 
eminence  lately  received  him,  and  caused  him  and 
the  other  officers  of  our  fleet  to  be  supplied  with 
what  was  requisite  for  our  ships  of  war,  which  we 
consider  not  less  worthy  of  the  piety  and  valour 
of  your  Order  than  of  our  friendship ;  and  we  on 
our  part,  on  opportunity  presenting  itself,  will  be 
careful  to  abundantly  reciprocate  by  every  kind  of 
good  offices. 

It  remains  to  recommend  your  eminence  and 
the  whole  of  your  holy  Order  militant  to  the  safe- 
guard of  the  God  of  Hosts. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Whitehall  the  19th 
day  of  May,  1675. 

Your  Eminence's  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 
CHARLES  REX. 

No.  XIV. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 

Britain,  France,   and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 

of  the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend  —  Greeting: 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  well-beloved  cousin 
and  friend. 

We  know  not  how  it  came  to  pass  that  our 
admiral  in  the  Mediterranean  sea,  Sir  John  Nar- 
brough, knight,  should  have  given  such  cause  of 
complaint  as  mentioned  in  your  eminence's  letters 
addressed  to  us  under  date  of  the  5th  of  April,  as 
to  have  refused  to  give  the  usual  salute  to  the  city 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  23' 


of  Malta,  unless,  perhaps,  he  had  thought  some- 
thing had  been  omitted  on  the  part  of  the  Maltese 
which  he  considered  due  to  our  dignity,  and  to  the 
flag  of  our  royal  fleet.  Be  it,  however,  as  it  may, 
your  eminence  may  be  persuaded  that  it  is  our 
iixed  and  established  intention  to  do  and  perform 
everything  both  ourselves  and  by  our  officers 
amply  to  show  how  much  we  esteem  the  sacred 
person  of  your  eminence  and  the  Order  of  Malta. 

In  order,  therefore,  that  it  should  already  ap- 
pear that  we  do  not  wish  greater  honour  to  be 
paid  to  any  prince  than  to  your  eminence  and 
to  your  celebrated  Order,  we  have  directed  our 
above-mentioned  admiral  to  accord  all  the  same 
signs  of  friendship  and  good  will  towards  your 
eminence's  ports  and  citadels  as  towards  those 
of  the  most  Christian  and  catholic  kings ;  and 
we  no  way  doubt  your  Order  will  equally  show 
that  benevolence  towards  us  which  it  is  customary 
to  show  to  the  above-mentioned  kings,  or  to  either 
of  them. 

It  only  remains  to  us  to  heartily  recommend 
your  eminence  and  all  your  military  Order  to  the 
safeguard  of  the  Most  High  and  Most  Good  God. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Whitehall  on  the  21st 
day  of  June,  1675. 

Your  Eminence's  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 
CHARLES  REX. 

No.  XV. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender 
of  the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  eminent  prince  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend  —  Greeting : 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  well-beloved  cousin 
and  friend. 

Not  only  by  the  letters  of  Sir  John  Narbrough, 
knight,  whom  we  appointed  in  right  and  power  to 
be  the  admiral  of  our  fleet  in  the  Mediterranean 
sea,  but  also  from  other  sources,  we  have  heard 
how  benignantly  your  eminence,  both  by  command 
and  example,  and  all  the  sacred  Order  of  Malta, 
have  treated  him  and  the  other  commanders  of 
our  ships,  so  much  so  that  they  could  not  have 
been  better  at  home,  and  in  our  dockyards,  than 
in  your  port  of  Malta.  This  is,  indeed,  a  sign  of 
great  friendship,  and  the  more  so  that  our  king- 
doms and  seas  are  so  far  distant  from  the  usual 
navigation  of  the  sacred  Order  of  Malta,  that  few 
occasions  could  be  expected  to  offer  themselves  to 
us  of  reciprocating  the  friendship  of  your  eminence. 
Some  other  mode,  therefore,  must  be  sought  by 
which  we  may  testify  our  gratitude  and  affection 
towards  your  eminence  and  the  other  members  of 
your  most  sacred  Order,  to  do  which  we  shall 
willingly  embrace  and  studiously  search  after 
every  opportunity  which  may  offer. 

In  the  mean  time  we  heartily  recommend  your 


eminence  and  all  your  military  Order  to  the  safe- 
guard of  the  Most  High  and  Most  Good  God. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Whitehall  the  26th 
day  of  January,  1675-6. 

Your  Eminence's  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 
No.  XVI. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of 
the  Faith,  &c. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend. 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  most  dear  cousin  and 
friend. 

Our  well-beloved  and  faithful  Sir  John  Nar- 
brough, knight,  latterly  admiral  of  our  fleet  in  the 
Mediterranean  sea,  conveyed  to  us  your  eminence's 
letters  written  under  date  of  the  7th  of  April  last, 
which  being  most  full  indeed  of  affection  and 
gratitude  on  your  part,  we  received  and  perused 
with  equal  feelings  and  satisfaction.  The  acknow- 
ledgments of  benefits  conferred  by  us,  which  your 
eminence  so  frequently  expresses,  causes  us  also 
to  return  similar  thanks  to  your  eminence  and  to 
the  whole  of  your  sacred  Order,  for  all  those  offices 
of  humanity  and  courtesy  with  which  you  assisted 
our  above-mentioned  admiral  and  other  our  ships 
stationed  in  that  sea,  of  which  we  shall  always  pre- 
serve the  memory  indelibly  engraved  in  our  hearts. 
It  is  equally  a  source  of  pleasure  to  us  that  our 
arms  have  been  of  help  to  your  eminence  and  to 
your  Order ;  and  if  the  expedition  had  been  of  no 
other  benefit,  we  consider  it  ample  compensation 
in  having  restored  to  their  homes  so  many  persons 
celebrated  through  the  whole  Christian  and  Infidel 
world  who  were  recovered  from  the  power  and 
chains  of  the  barbarians. 

May  your  eminence  continue  to  desire  that  we 
should  freely  divide  the  glory  of  rendering  peace- 
ful the  Mediterranean  sea  with  the  illustrious 
Order  of  Malta ! 

May  the  Most  Good  and  Great  God  sustain  and 
preserve  your  eminence  with  all  your  religious 
Order ! 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Whitehall  the  28th 
day  of  October,  1676. 

Your  Eminence's  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 
No.  XVII. 

Charles  the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of 
the  Faith,  £c. 

To  the  most  eminent  Prince  the  Lord  Nicholas 
Cotoner,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Malta, 
our  well-beloved  cousin  and  friend  —  Greeting: 

Most  eminent  Prince,  our  well-beloved  cousin 
and  friend. 

The    thanks   which    your   eminence,    by   your 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


445 


letters  written  under  date  of  the  15th  of  August 
last,  returns  to  us  on  account  of  the  fifty  knights 
of  your  Order  liberated  by  our  assistance  from  the 
slavery  of  the  barbarians,  could  hardly  be  more 
acceptable  to  us  than  the  prayers  adjoined  in  the 
above-mentioned  letters  for  the  liberation  from 
the  slavery  of  the  Algerines  of  another  member 
of  your  holy  Order,  the  German,  John  Robert 
A.  Stael.  We  in  consequence,  in  order  that  we 
may  not  appear  to  be  wanting  either  in  the  will 
or  in  affection  towards  your  eminence,  have  com- 
municated our  orders  to  our  well-beloved  and 
faithful  subject,  Sir  John  Narbrough,  knight, 
commanding  our  fleet  in  those  seas,  that  if  the 
city  of  Algiers  should  be  constrained  to  agree  to  a 
treaty  of  just  peace  and  submission  by  the  force  of 
our  arms,  assisted  by  Divine  help,  he  should  use 
every  effort  in  his  power,  so  that  the  liberty  of  the 
said  John  Robert  A.  Stael  be  obtained. 

Your  eminence  is  already  well  aware  of  the 
fidelity  and  zeal  of  our  above-mentioned  admiral, 
and  we  have  no  doubt  that  he  will  willingly  and 
strenuously  observe  our  orders  on  that  head. 

It  remains  for  us  to  heartily  recommend  your 
eminence  and  the  whole  of  your  military  Order  to 
the  safeguard  of  the  Most  High  and  Most  Good 
God. 

Given  from  our  palace  of  Whitehall  the  2nd 
day  of  November,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1678. 
Your  Eminence's  good  Cousin  and  Friend, 

CHARLES  REX. 
WILLIAM  WINTHROP. 

La  Valetta,  Malta. 


DISEASE    AMONG   CATTLE. 

For  some  years  past,  a  great  many  cattle  have 
died  from  a  disease  of  the  lungs,  for  which  I  be- 
lieve no  effectual  antidote  has  been  discovered. 
This  fact  having  been  mentioned  to  a  German  in 
London,  who  had  formerly  been  a  Rossarzt  or 
veterinary  surgeon  in  the  Prussian  army,  he  stated 
that  he  had  known  a  similar  disease  to  prevail  in 
Germany ;  and  that  by  administering  a  decoction 
of  Erica  communis  (Common  Heath),  mixed  with 
tar,  the  progress  of  the  disease  had  in  many  in- 
stances been  arrested. 

In  order,  therefore,  that  the  British  farmer  may 
obtain  the  benefit  of  this  gentleman's  experience, 
and  that  he  may  receive  all  manner  of  justice,  I 
beg  leave  to  send  you  a  literal  copy  of  the  recipe 
which  he  was  kind  enough  to  give  pro  bono  publico. 

"  REMEDY  AGAINST  THE  PRESENT  DISEASE  AMONG  CATTLE. 

"  Taken  Erika  communis,  and  boiled  it  into  water 
of  such  quantity,  that  the  water  after  boiling  coloured 
like  beer  ;  generally  of  a  pinte  of  water  \ — \  Ib.  Erika 
communis,  and  boiling  5  to  6  hours.  After  it  is  be 
done,  filled  the  fluids  trough  a  seive  in  ather  boiler, 


and  mixed  the  same  with  ^  part  of  common  tear.  In 
order  to  make  a  good  composition  from  it,  you  must 
boiling  the  tear  and  the  fluide  to  a  second  time  of 
2 — 3  hour's  and  much  storret.  After  then  the  medecin 
is  to  by  ready. 

"  Everry  cattle  sicke  or  well  must  you  giving  of 
three  times  to  day,  everry  time  one  pot  from  the  said 
mixture,  which  you  have  befor  keapet  a  little  warm 
but  not  to  much  heat.  Keepet  werry  much  from  the 
fluide  of  Erika  communis  not  mixed  with  tear,  and 
give  to  drinke  the  cattle  a  much  as  possible.  Everry 
cattle  liked  to  drinke  such  fluide. 

"  Becom's  the  tongue  stick,  black  pumpels,  or  be- 
corn's  the  mouth  and  palatt  red  and  sort,  washe  it 
out  with  a  softe  brush  deyed  in  a  mixture  as  follow 
described :  One  part  of  hony,  3  parts  of  vinaigre, 
3  parts  of  water,  and  one  half  part  of  burned  and 
grinded  allumn. 

"  Becom's  the  cattle  in  the  legs,  generally  in  the 
klawes,  washed  the  sores  with  cold  water,  that  you 
mixed  1  once  white  vitriol,  and  1  once  burned  allumn 
of  a  pint  of  water,  3 — 4  times  to  day,  and  keepet  the 
cattle  everry  time  day's  and  night's  in  the  open  air  of 
meadows  or  lots.  Everry  cattle  become's  in  the  first 
time  that  it  is  driven  out  the  stables  to  the  green  feed- 
ing of  meadow's,  &e.  a  little  sickness,  generally  a 
little  diarrhae,  and  this  is  a  remedy  against  the  disease 
as  before  stated. 

"  If  you  continnuit  with  the  firste  remedy,  you 
should  findet  that  the  cattle  becom's  a  verry  slight 
influence  of  the  said  disease." 

THOS.  XIMMO. 


POPIANA. 

I.  In  Roscoe's  edition  of  Pope,  vol.  iv.  p.  465., 
is  this  epitaph : 

"  Well  then,  poor  G lies  underground, 

So  there's  an  end  of  honest  Jack  : 
So  little  justice  here  he  found, 

'Tis  ten  to  one  he'll  ne'er  come  back." 

This  must  have  been  running  in  Goldsmith's  head 
when  he  wrote : 

"  Here  lies  poor  Ned  Purdon,  from  misery  freed, 

Who  long  was  a  bookseller's  hack  : 
He  led  such  a  damnable  life  in  this  world, 
I  don't  think  he'll  wish  to  come  back." 

II.  Epigram  on  the  feuds  between  Handel  and 
Bononcini : 

"  Strange  !  all  this  difference  should  be, 
'Twixt  Tweedle-DUM  and  Tweedle-DEE  ! " 

The  various  editors  print  only  these  two  lines. 
Where  have  I  seen  it  printed  as  follows,  in  six 
lines  ;  and  whence  came  the  other  four  ?  * 


[*  These  lines  are  quoted  in  the  fourth  edition  of  the 
Ency.  Britan.,  art.  BONONCINI,  and  are  said  to  have  been 
written  by  Swift.  Only  the  last  two  lines,  however,  are 
given  in  Scott's  edition  of  his  Works.  —  En.] 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


"  Some  say,  that  Signior  Bononcini 
Compared  to  Handel's  a  mere  ninny  ; 
Others  aver,  that  to  him  Handel 
Is  scarcely  fit  to  hold  a  candle : 
Strange  that,"  &c. 

III.  In  «N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  p.  245.,  the  following 
passage  occurs  : 

"  In  the   Imitation  of  the  Second  Satire,  Book  I.  of 
Horace,  only  to  be  found  in  modern  editions,  there  is  an 

allusion  to  '  poor  E s,'  who  suffered  by  '  the  fatal 

steel'  for  an  intrigue  with  a  Royal  Mistress." 

Query,  in  what  modern  editions  is  this  imitation 
found  ?  I  have  searched  most  of  them  (including 
the  last,  and  by  no  means  the  worst,  by  Mr. 
Robert  Carruthers)  in  vain. 

IV.  It  has  alway  seemed  to  me  desirable  that 
a  perfect  edition  of  an  author  like  Pope,  whose 
pages   teem   with  proper   names   frequently   re- 
peated, and  personal  allusions,  should  be  furnished 
with  an  Index  nominum  propriorum,  which  would 
enable  the  reader  to  refer  in  a  moment  to  the 
exact  whereabouts  of  the  line  wanted.     I  once 
took  the  trouble  to  make  such  an  Index  to  Pope 
for  my  own  use,  and  add  one  word  of  it  as  a 
specimen : 

Granville's  moving  lays  -          -                  Past.  i.  46 

Granville  commands,  &c.           -           Wind.  For.  5 

Granville  could  refuse  to  sing, 

what  Muse  for  -  „  6 

Granville  sings,  or  is  it  -         -                    ,,  282 

Granville  of  a  former  age,  Sur- 
rey the  -  „  292 

Granville's  verse  recite,  the 

thoughts  of  God  let  -  „  425 

Granville's  Myra  die,  till         -  Epist.toJervas  76 

Granville  the  polite         -          -  Pro/,  to  Sat.  135 

Is  this  a  hint  worthy  the  notice  of  Mr.  Croker, 
Mr.  P.  Cunningham,  or  Mr.  John  Murray,  whose 
joint  labours  promise  us  a  new  edition  of  Pope  ? 

V.  Roscoe  and  Croly  give  four  poems  on  Gul- 
liver s   Travels.     Why  does  Mr.  Carruthers  leave 
out   the   third  ?     His  edition  appears  to  contain 
(besides  many  additions)  all  that  all  previous  edi- 
tors have  admitted,  with  the  exception  of  this 
third  Gulliver  poem,  the  sixteen  additional  verses 
to  Mrs.  Blount  on  leaving  town,  the  verses  to  DC. 
Bolton,  and  a  fragment  of  eight  lines  (perhaps  by 
Congreve) ;  which  last  three  are  to  be  found  in 
Warton's  edition.  HARRY  LEROY  TEMPLE. 

Garrick  Club. 


HAMPSHIRE    FOLK   LORE. 

Churching.  —  A  woman  in  this  village,  when 
going  to  church  for  the  first  time  after  the  birth 
of  her  child,  keeps  to  the  same  side  of  the  road, 
and  no  persuasions  or  threats  would  induce  her  to 
cross  it.  She  wears  also  upon  that  occasion  a  pair 
of  new  boots  or  shoes,  so  that  the  mothers  of  large 


families  patronise  greatly  the  disciples  of  St. 
Crispin.  I  should  much  like  to  know  if  this  two- 
fold superstition  is  prevalent,  and  how  it  first 
originated. 

Bees.  —  There  is  not  one  peasant  I  believe  in 
this  village,  man  or  woman,  who  would  sell  you  a 
swarm  of  bees.  To  be  guilty  of  selling  bees  is  a 
grievous  omen  indeed,  than  which  nothing  can  be 
more  dreadful.  To  barter  bees  is  quite  a  different 
matter.  If  you  want  a  hive,  you  may  easily  ob- 
tain it  in  lieu  of  a  small  pig,  or  some  other  equiva- 
lent. There  may  seem  little  difference  in  the  eyes 
of  enlightened  persons  between  selling  and  bar- 
tering, but  the  superstitious  beekeeper  sees  a 
grand  distinction,  and  it  is  not  his  fault  if  you 
don't  see  it  too. 

When  a  hive  swarms,  it  is  customary  to  take 
the  shovel  from  the  grate,  and  the  key  from  the 
door,  and  to  produce  therewith  a  species  of  music 
which  is  supposed  to  captivate  and  soothe  the 
winged  tribe.  If  the  bees  do  not  settle  on  any 
neighbouring  tree  where  they  may  have  the  full 
benefit  of  the  inharmonious  music,  they  are  ge- 
nerally assailed  with  stones.  This  is  a  strange 
sort  of  proceeding,  but  it  is  orthodox,  and  there  is 
nothing  the  villagers  despise  more  than  modern 
innovations  of  whatever  kind. 

Charming.  —  As  regards  charming,  the  wife  of 
the  village  innkeeper  who  preceded  the  present 
one  (she  now  rests  in  the  churchyard),  used  to 
whisper  away  burns.  Her  form  of  words,  if  she 
had  any,  is  unknown.  The  mind  has  great  in- 
fluence upon  the  body,  and  the  doctor  knows  it,  or 
he  would  not  give  his  nervous  lady  patients  so- 
many  boxes  of  "bread  pills,  and  sleeping  draught* 
in  the  shape  of  vials  filled  with  savoury  rum- 
punch.  Doubtless  this  good  woman  cured  her 
patients  by  acting  on  their  imaginations.  If  the 
agency  of  imagination  is  an  incorrect  supposition, 
I  see  but  one  way  of  accounting  for  the  curative 
powers  of  whispering,  namely,  by  means  of  animal 
magnetism.  I  trust  your  medical  readers  do  not 
question  the  curative  powers  of  animal  magnetism 
in  certain  cases ;  if  they  do,  I  would  recommend 
them  tp  read  a  work  entitled  Human  Magnetism, 
its  Claim  to  Dispassionate  Inquiry,  by  W.  Newn- 
ham,  Esq.,  M.R.S.L.  It  is  published  by  John 
Churchill,  Princes  Street,  Soho. 

EUSTACE  W.  JACOB. 

Crawley. 


THE    MOST    CURIOUS    BOOK   IN    THE    WORLD. 

The  following  account  of  this  truly  wonderful 
specimen  of  human  patience  and  skill  is  from  a 
rough  copy  that  I  took  some  years  ago.  I  regret 
that  I  cannot  give  any  reference,  as  I  made  no 
note  of  my  authority,  which  has  now  escaped  my 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


recollection.  But  that  is  of  little  consequence,  as 
the  book  is  well  known  to  bibliographists. 

Perhaps  the  most  singular  bibliographic  curi- 
osity is  that  which  belonged  to  the  family  of  the 
Prince  de  Ligne,  and  is  now  in  France.  It  is 
entitled  Liber  Passionis  Domini  nostri  Jesu  Christi, 
cum  Characteribus  nulla  materia  compositis.  This 
book  is  neither  written  nor  printed  !  The  whole 
letters  of  the  text  are  cut  out  of  each  folio  upon 
the  finest  vellum ;  and  being  interleaved  with 
blue  paper,  is  read  as  easily  as  the  best  print. 
The  labour  and  patience  bestowed  in  its  comple- 
tion must  have  been  excessive,  especially  when 
the  precision  and  minuteness  of  the  letters  are 
considered.  The  general  execution,  in  every  re- 
spect, is  indeed  admirable  ;  and  the  vellum  is  of 
the  most  delicate  and  costly  kind.  Rodolphus  II. 
of  Germany  offered  for  it,  in  1640,  11,000  ducats, 
which  was  probably  equal  to  60,000  at  this  day. 
The  most  remarkable  circumstance  connected  with 
this  literary  treasure  is,  that  it  bears  the  royal 
arms  of  England ;  but  it  cannot  be  traced  to  have 
ever  been  in  this  country. 

I  now  offer  this  notice,  in  the  hope  that  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  may  supply  farther  par- 
ticulars ;  such  as  the  time  of  its  commencement 
or  completion,  and  also  whether  it  is  still  in 
France.  With  respect  to  the  arms  of  England, 
which  yet  present  a  puzzle  to  all  antiquaries,  I 
beg  to  submit  a  conjecture.  I  think  it  was  in- 
tended as  a  present  to  our  Henry  VIII.,  when  he 
was  in  such  high  favour  at  Rome,  for  his  Defence 
of  the  Seven  Sacraments,  that  Leo  X.  conferred 
on  him  the  title  of  "  Fidei  Defensor,"  and  which 
all  our  sovereigns  have  subsequently  retained. 
But  when  he  threw  off  the  Papal  authority,  de- 
clared himself  supreme  head  of  the  Church,  and 
proceeded  to  confiscate  its  property,  the  intention 
of  presentation  was  abandoned.  This  is  at  least 
plausible,  as  I  do  not  mean  that  it  was  originally 
designed  for  a  present  to  "  bluff  Harry,"  because 
it  was  produced  before  he  was  born.  But  the 
arms  were  a  work  for  any  time ;  and  I  think  they 
were  executed  just  before  his  rupture  with  the 
Pope  was  known.  To  pay  him  a  compliment 
afterwards  from  any  part  of  Catholic  Europe  was, 
of  course,  out  of  the  question.  C.  B.  A. 


Baptism,  Marriage,  and  Crowning  of  Geo.  III. — 

'  Died  at  his  palace  at  Lambeth,  aged  seventy- five, 
the  Most  Reverend  Thomas  Seeker,  LL.D.,  Lord 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  His  Grace  was  many 
years  Prebendary  of  Durham,  seventeen  years  Rector  of 
St.  James',  Westminster,  consecrated  Bishop  of  Bristol 
in  1734,  and  in  173?  was  translated  to  the  See  of 
Oxford.  In  1750  he  resigned  the  Rectory  of  St. 
James,  on  his  succeeding  Bishop  Butler  in  the  Deanery 


of  St.  Paul's  ;  and  on  the  death  of  Archbishop  Hutton 
in  1758,  was  immediately  nominated  to  the  metropo- 
litan see,  and  confirmed  at  Bow  Church,  on  the  20th 
of  April  in  that  year,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  His 
Grace  was  Rector  of  St.  James's  when  our  present 
sovereign  was  horn  at  Norfolk  House,  and  had  the 
honour  to  baptize,  to  marry,  and  crown  his  majesty 
and  his  royal  consort,  and  to  baptize  several  of  their 
majesties'  children." —  From  Pennsylvania  Chronicle, 
Oct.  3,  1768. 

M.  R.  F. 

Pennsylvania. 

Copernicus. — The  inscription  on  the  tomb  of 
the  celebrated  Copernicus,  in  the  cathedral  church 
at  Thorn,  in  Prussian  Poland,  supposed  to  have 
been  written  by  himself,  deserves  a  place  in 
"  N.  &  Q." 

"  Non  parem  Pauli  gratiam  require, 
Veniam  Petri  neque  posco  ;  sed  quam 
In  crucis  ligno  dederat  Latroni 
Sedulus  oro." 

FITZROT. 

First  Instance  of  Bribery  amongst  Members  of 
Parliament.  —  The  following  extract  from.  Parry's 
Parliaments  and  Councils  of  England,  deserves,  I 
think,  a  corner  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  especially  at  the 
present  day  : 

"1571,  A.  R.  13,  May  10.  —  Thomas  Long,  'a 
very  simple  man  and  unfit '  to  serve,  is  questioned  how 
he  came  to  be  elected.  He  confesses  that  he  gave  the 
Mayor  of  Westbury  and  another  four  pounds  for  his 
place  in  parliament.  They  are  ordered  to  repay  this 
sum,  to  appear  to  answer  such  things  as  should  be  ob- 
jected against  them  in  that  house,  and  a  fine  of  twenty 
pounds  is  to  be  assessed  on  the  corporation  and  in- 
habitants of  Westbury,  for  their  scandalous  attempt." 

ABHBA. 

Richard  Brinslcy  Sheridan.  —  In  the  "  Life  of 
Sheridan,"  by  G.  G.  S.,  prefixed  to  his  Dramatic 
Works,  published  by  Bonn  in  1848,  is  the  follow- 
ing passage  (p.  90.)  : 

"  At  the  age  of  twenty-nine  he  had  achieved  a 
brilliant  reputation,  had  gained  an  immense  property, 
and  was  apparently  master  of  large  resources." 

And  in  an  essay  lately  published,  entitled  Richard 
Brinsley  Sheridan,  by  George  Gilfillan,  is  this 
statement  1 

"  Young  Sheridan  had  no  patrimony,  not  a  shilling, 
indeed,  all  his  life  that  he  could  call  his  own." 

Which  of  these  two  contradictory  accounts  is 
true  ? 

In  the  Life  by  G.  G.  S.  are  two  glaring  slips  of 
the  pen  or  of  the  press  ;  at  p.  8.  it  is  said  that 
Sheridan  was  born  in  the  year  1771  (1751  ?),  and 
at  p.  44.  that  The  Duenna  was  brought  out  on  the 
21st  of  November,  1755  (1775  ?). 

WILLIAM  DTJANE. 

Philadelphia. 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  237. 


Publican's  Invitation. —  Amongst  various  other 
ingenious  contrivances  adopted  by  the  proprietors 
of  the  rosoglio  houses  (anglice,  dram-shops)  in 
Valetta,  to  attract  the  custom  and  patronage  of 
the  gallant  red-jackets  that  swarm  in  our  streets 
at  this  time,  one  individual  has  put  forth  and  dis- 
tributed among  the  soldiers  the  following  puzzle, 
which  I  send  for  the  amusement  of  your  readers. 
A  very  little  study  will  suffice  to  master  the 
mysterious  document. 

"THE  PUBLICAN'S  INVITATION. 
Here's  to  Pand's  Pen.  DASOCI. 
Alhou  Rinha?  R.  M.  (Les  Smirt) 
Ha  !  N.  D.  F.  Unlet  fri.  Ends. 
HIPRE!  ign.  Beju  !  Standk. 
Indan!  DEVIL'S  FJCAKO  !  F.  N. 
(One.)" 

JOHN  o'  THE  FOBD. 
Malta. 

Bis/top  Burnet  again! — The  following  anec- 
dote occurs  in  Mrs.  Thistlethwaite's  Memoirs  and 
Correspondence  of  Dr. ,"  Henry  Bathurst,  Lord 
Bishop  of  Norwich,  p.  7.  : 

"  I  have  heard  my  father  mention  the  following 
anecdote  of  my  grandfather,  Benjamin  Bathurst,  Esq., 
and  the  Duke  of  Gloucester  (Queen  Anne's  son), 
during  their  boyhood.  My  grandfather  and  the  Duke 
•were  playfellows  ;  and  the  Duke's  tutor  was  Dr.  Bur- 
net.  One  day,  when  the  Doctor  went  out  of  the  room, 
the  Duke  having  as  usual  courted  him,  and  treated 
him  with  obsequious  civility,  young  Bathurst  expressed 
his  surprise  that  his  Royal  Highness  should  treat  a 
person,  whom  he  disliked  as  much  as  he  did  the 
Doctor,  with  so  much  courtesy  and  kindness.  The 
Duke  replied,  '  Do  you  think  I  have  been  so  long  a 
pupil  of  Dr.  Burnet's  without  learning  to  be  a  hypo- 
crite ? '  " 

J.Y. 

Old  Custom  preserved  in  Warwickshire.  —  There 
is  a  large  stone  a  few  miles  from  D  unchurch,  in 
"Warwickshire,  called  "  The  Knightlow  Cross." 
Several  of  Lord  John  Scott's  tenants  hold  from 
him  on  the  condition  of  laying  their  rent  before 
daybreak  on  Martinmas  Day  on  this  stone :  if  they 
fail  to  do  so,  they  forfeit  to  him  as  many  pounds 
as  they  owe  pence,  or  as  many  white  bulls  with 
red  tips  to  their  ears  and  a  red  tip  to  their  tail  as 
they  owe  pence,  whichever  he  chooses  to  demand. 
This  custom  is  still  kept  up,  and  there  is  always 
hard  riding  to  reach  the  stone  before  the  sun  rises 
on  Martinmas  Day  ?  L.  M.  M.  R. 

English  Diplomacy  v.  Russian.  —  A  friend  of 
Sir  Henry  Wotton's  being  designed  for  the  em- 
ployment of  an  ambassador,  came  to  Eton,  and 
requested  from  him  some  experimental  rules  for 
his  prudent  and  safe  carriage  in  his  negociations  ; 
to  whom  he  smilingly  gave  this  for  an  infallible 
aphorism,  —  that,  to  be  in  safety  himself,  and  ser- 
viceable to  his  country,  he  should  always,  and 


upon  all  occasions,  speak  the  truth  (it  seems  a 
state  paradox).  "  For,"  says  Sir  Henry  Wotton, 
"Z/OM  shall  never  be  believed;  and  by  this  means 
your  truth  will  secure  yourself,  if  you  shall  ever 
be  called  to  any  account ;  and  'twill  also  put  your 
adversaries  (who  will  still  hunt  counter)  to  a  loss 
in  all  their  disquisitions  and  undertakings."  (Re- 
liquice  Wottoniance.}  ALPHA. 


ANCIENT  TENURE  OF  LANDS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  173.  309.) 

The  following  paragraphs,  containing  both  Notes 
and  Queries,  will  doubtless  interest  your  readers. 

At  the  last  Kent  assizes  held  at  Maidstone  (March, 
1854)  a  case  was  tried  by  a  special  jury,  of  whom 
the  writer  was  one,  before  Mr.  Baron  Parke; 
plaintiffs,  "  the  Earl  of  Romney  and  others,"  trus- 
tees under  an  act  of  parliament  to  pay  the  debts 
of  the  borough  of  Queenborough,  county  Kent ; 
defendants,  "  the  Inclosure  Commissioners  of 
England  and  Wales."  Tradition  relates  that 
Edward  III.  was  so  pleased  with  his  construction 
of  the  Castle  of  Queenborough,  that  he  compli- 
mented his  consort  by  not  only  building  a  town, 
but  creating  a  borough*,  which  he  named  after 
her  honour.f  The  case,  in  various  shapes,  has 
been  before  the  law  courts  for  some  time,  and  was 
sent  to  these  Kent  assizes  to  ascertain  whether 
Queenborough  was  either  a  manor  or  a  reputed 
manor.  In  the  course  of  the  trial  Baron  Parke 
said,  that,  in  despite  of  the  statute  Quia  Emptores, 
he  should  rule  that  manors  could  be  created  when 
they  contained  the  essentials. 

My  first  Query  is,  therefore,  Have  any  manors 
been  created  in  England  since  the  passing  of  that 
statute  ?  In  my  History  of  Deptford  I  have 
alluded  to  the  manor  of  Hatcham  as  one  of  the 
last  manors  I  supposed  to  have  been  created. 

The  Inclosure  Commissioners,  as  the  defendants, 
had  been  prayed  by  the  Leeze-holders  J  of  Queen- 

*  Parliamentary  History,  1765.  —  On  Wednesday, 
Dec.  6,  1654,  an  attempt  was  made  to  disfranchise 
Queenborough :  the  then  member,  Mr.  Garland,  sud- 
denly and  jocularly  moved  the  Speaker  that  we  give  not 
any  legacies  before  the  Speaker  was  dead.  This  pleasant 
conceit  so  took  with  the  House,  as,  for  that  time,  Queen- 
borough  was  reprieved,  but  was  voted  for  the  future 
to  be  dismembered,  and  to  be  added  to  the  county.  — 
Ap.  Burton  i.  cxi.  Arch&ological  Mine,  i.  12.  Queen- 
borough  was  one  of  the  victims  included  in  Schedule 
A  of  the  act  of  parliament  known  as  "  The  Reform 
Bill." 

f  In  our  own  day  Cove  has  been  called  Queenstown 
in  honour  of  Queen  Victoria. 

|  Leeze-holders,  a  right  of  turning  on  the  common 
or  Leeze  (  Celtic,  Leswes)  twenty-four  sheep,  which  of 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


borough  to  inclose  sundry  lands  called  Queen- 
borough  Common ;  such  inclosure  was  opposed  by 
the  trustees,  who  claimed  under  the  act  of  par- 
liament which  constituted  their  existence  to  be  in 
the  position  of  the  mayor*,  &c.,  and  thus,  if  they 
were  the  lords  of  the  manor,  to  have  a  veto  upon 
the  inclosure  of  the  waste.  The  plaintiffs  relied 
very  much  upon  the  following  fact,  which  I  here 
embalm  as  a  note,  and  append  thereon  a  query :  — 
During  the  mayoralty  of  Mr.  Greet f,  a  gentleman 
who  died  in  1829,  a  turbot  was  caught  by  a 
dredger  on  the  Queenborough  oyster-grounds : 
this  unlucky  fish  was  immediately  pounced  upon 
by  the  Queenborough  officials,  and  seized  for  the 
mayor's  behoof  as  his  perquisite,  a  la  sturgeon. 

Query,  a  like  instance  ? 

The  jury,  after  two  days'  long  sitting,  decided 
that  Queenborough  was  neither  a  manor  nor  a 
reputed  manor.  A.  J.  DUNKIN. 

Dartford. 


OWEN    HOWE    THE    REGICIDE. 

Mark  Noble,  in  his  Lives  of  the  Regicides, 
says  that  Owen  Howe  was  descended  from  Sir 
Thomas  Howe,  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1568. 
In  the  Additional  Manuscripts  (British  Museum), 
6337.  p.  52.,  is  a  coat  in  trick :  Argent,  on  a 
chevron  azure,  three  bezants  between  three 
trefoils  per  pale  gules  and  vert,  a  martlet  sable 

late  years,  by  a  bye-law,  has  been  arranged  to  substi- 
tute either  two  horses  or  three  bullocks.  A  Leeze  is  sup- 
posed to  contain  about  seven  acres  of  land  of  herbage. 
The  common  consists  of  about  240  acres,  including 
roads. 

*  See  Hogarth's  Visit,  &c.  to  Queenborough.  A 
hearty  laugh  will  repay  the  trouble.  The  mayor  was 
then  a  t hatcher :  the  room  remains  as  it  did  in 
Hogarth's  day ;  and  as  Queenborough  was  then,  so 
it  is  now,  one  long  street  without  any  trade. 

f  Of  Mr.  Greet's  mayoralty  many  humorous  tales 
are  told  :  he  was  at  times  popular,  but  towards  the 
close  of  his  reign  most  decidedly  the  reverse.  At  his 
funeral  the  dredgers,  &c.  threw  halfpence  into  his 
grave  to  pay  his  passage  to  the  lower  regions.  He, 
one  day,  ex  officlo,  sentenced  a  pilferer  to  a  flogging 
at  the  cart's  tail,  and  as  executioners  did  not  volun- 
teer, he  took  off  his  coat,  and  himself  applied  the  cat 
to  the  bare  back  of  the  culprit  from  one  end  of  the 
street  to  the  other.  Mr.  Greet  was  one  of  the  best 
friends  Queenborough  ever  had.  After  his  death 
it  plunged  deeply  into  debt,  had  its  paraphernalia 
and  books  seized  and  sold  by  the  sheriff,  and  now  all 
its  property  is  in  the  hands  of  trustees  to  pay  its  debts, 
whilst  its  poor-rates  are,  a  witness,  a  late  mayor  said, 
nine  shillings  in  the  pound.  The  debt  was  originally 
12,700/.;  but  as  no  interest  has  been  paid  thereon,  it  is 
now  17,000/.  The  trustees  have  received  about  4,000/., 
but  this  sum  has  been  melted  in  subsequent  litigation; 
for  Queenborough  men  are  mightily  fond  of  supporting 
the  law  courts. 


for  difference ;  crest,  a  roe's  head  couped  gules, 
attired  or,  rising  from  a  wreath  ;  and  beneath  is 
written,  "Coll.  Row,  Coll.  of  hors  and  futt." 
These  arms  I  imagine  to  have  been  the  regicide's. 
If  so,  he  was  a  fourth  son.  Query,  whose  ?  The 
Hackney  Parish  Register  records,  that  on  Nov.  6, 
1655,  Captain  Henry  Rowe  was  buried  from  Mr. 
Simon  Corbet's,  of  Mare  Street,  Hackney.  How- 
was  he  related  to  Colonel  Owen  Rowe  ?  I  should 
feel  particularly  obliged  to  any  correspondent  who 
could  furnish  me  with  his  descent  from  Sir  Thos. 
Rowe. 

According  to  Mr.  Lysons  (Environs  of  London, 
vol.  iv.  p.  540.),  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Rowland 
Wilson,  and  widow  of  Dr.  Crisp,  married  Colonel 
Rowe ;  adding  in  a  note,  that  he  supposes  this 
Colonel  Rowe  to  have  been  Colonel  Owen  Rowe, 
the  regicide.  The  same  statement  is  found  in 
Hasted's  History  of  Kent  (edit,  1778),  voLi.  p.  181. 
I  should  be  glad  of  some  more  certain  information 
on  this  point ;  also,  what  issue  Owen  Rowe  left, 
if  any,  besides  two  daughters,  whose  marriages 
are  recorded  in  the  Hackney  Register. 

I  am  likewise  anxious  to  learn  whether  there 
exist  any  lineal  descendants  of  this  family  of  Rowe, 
which  had  its  origin  in  Kent ;  and  thence  branch- 
ing off  in  the  sixteenth  century,  settled  and  ob- 
tained large  possessions  in  Shacklewell,  Waltham- 
stow,  Low  Layton,  Higham  Hill,  and  Muswell 
Hill.  Through  females,  several  of  our  nobility 
are  descended  from  them.  TEE  BEE. 


•WRITINGS    OF    THE    MARTYR   BRADFORD. 

The  second  and  concluding  volume  of  Brad- 
ford's writings,  which  I  am  editing  for  the  Parker 
Society,  is  about  to  be  concluded. 

Bradford's  Treatise  against  the  Fear  of  Death, 
with  Sweet  Meditations  on  the  Felicity  of  the  Life 
to  Come  and  the  Kingdom  of  Christ,  was  printed 
by  Powell  without  a  date,  by  Singleton  without  a 
date,  and  by  Wolf  1583,  —  the  last  two  editions 
being  mentioned  by  Herbert,  the  first  of  Powell 
by  Dibdin  from  Herbert's  MS.  additions.  If  any 
of  your  readers  could  inform  me  where  a  copy  of 
any  one  of  these  editions  is  to  be  found,  it  would 
greatly  oblige. 

I  have  also  never  met,  after  some  years'  inquiry, 
with  the  edition  of  Bradford's  Letter  on  the  Mass, 
printed  by  Waldegrave,  Edinburgh. 

Some  of  the  early  editions  of  Bradford's  writ- 
ings are  very  rare.  I  possess  his  Examinations, 
Griffith,  1561  ;  and  Meditations,  Hall,  1562  ;  both 
of  which  are  scarce :  as  also  the  only  copy  I  have 
ever  seen  (though  imperfect)  of  the  first  edition  of 
his  Sermon  on  Repentance,  evidently  printed  in 
1553. 

His  Complaint  of  Verity  is  of  extraordinary 
rarity.  The  only  copy  I  am  aware  of  is  possessed 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


by  the  Rev.  T.  Corser,  of  Stand,  Manchester  ;  and 
was  purchased  (I  believe)  at  Mr.  B right's  sale  for 

m 

I  should  be  obliged  to  any  one  who  would  sup- 
ply me  with  any  information  about  early  editions 
of  Bradford's  writings. 

Every  one  is  familiar  with  the  story  that  Brad- 
ford, on  seeing  a  criminal  pass  to  execution,  said, 
"There  goes  John  Bradford  but  for  the  grace  of 
God."  Can  any  one  inform  me  of  any  early 
printed  authority  for  that  story  ?  A.  TOWNSEND. 

Weston  Lane,  Bath. 

[In  the  British  Museum  are  the  following  works  by 
John  Bradford,  bound  in  one  volume,  press- mark 
3932,  c. :  —  The  Hvrte  of  Hering  Masse ;  also  Two 
Notable  Sermons,  the  one  of  Repentance,  and  the  other 
of  the  Lord's  Supper,  Lond.  1581.  On  the  fly-leaf  is 
written,  "  A  copy  of  Bradford's  Hurte  of  Hearyng 
Masse,  printed  for  H.  Kirham,  1596,  B.  L.,  was  in 
Mr.  Jolley's  sale,  Feb.  1843.  This  edition  by  William 
Copland  for  William  Martyne  without  date  is  scarcer, 
and  I  believe  earlier.  —  R.  H.  BARHAM."] 


Courtney  Family.  —  I  throw  an  apple  of  discord 
to  your  heraldic,  genealogical,  and  antiquarian 
readers.  Was  there  originally  more  than  one 
family  of  Courtnay,  Courtney,  Courtenay,  Cour- 
teney,  Courtnaye,  Courtenaye,  &c.  Which  is 
right,  and  when  did  the  family  commence  in 
England,  and  how  branch  off?  If  your  readers 
can  give  no  information,  who  can  ?  S.  A. 

Oxford. 

"  The  Shipwrecked  Lovers"  —  Can  you  give 
me  any  account  of  the  following  tragedy,  where 
the  scene  of  it  is  laid,  &c.  ?  It  is  printed  along 
with  some  poems,  and  appears  never  to  have  been 
acted.  The  name  of  the  piece  is  The  Ship- 
wrecked Lovers,  a  tragedy  in  five  acts,  by  James 
Templeton,  Dublin,  12mo.,  1801.  I  regret  that  I 
am  unable  to  give  any  account  of  the  author,  but 
perhaps  some  of  your  Irish  readers  may  be  able  to 
do  this.  SIGMA. 

Sir  John  Bingham.  —  In  Burke' s  Peerage  and 
"Baronetage,  article  "Lucan,"  it  is  stated  that  this 
gentleman  was  high  in  rank  in  King  James's  army 
at  the  battle  of  Aughrim,  and  turned  the  fortune 
of  the  day  in  favour  of  William  by  deserting, 
with  his  whole  command,  at  the  crisis  of  the 
battle.  A  late  number  of  the  Dublin  University 
Magazine  repeats  this  story  on  the  authority  of 
Mr.  Burke,  and  it  would  therefore  be  satisfactory 
to  know  where  the  latter  found  a  statement 
affecting  so  much  the  honour  of  the  family  in 
question,  one  of  the  first  in  my  native  county. 
The  dates  of  Sir  John's  birth  and  marriage  are 


not  given,  but  the  ages  of  several  of  his  children 
are  known,  and  from  them  it  follows  that,  sup- 
posing the  father  of  the  first  Lord  Lucan  not  to 
have  married  till  the  mature  age  of  fifty-five  or 
sixty,  he  was  barely  of  age  at  the'  time  of  the 
battle,  therefore  not  likely  to  have  been  high  in 
command.  My  countrymen  are  too  much  inclined, 
like  the  French,  to  attribute  their  disasters  to 
treachery,  or  to  any  cause  but  the  equal  numbers 
and  courage,  and  superior  discipline,  of  their  ad- 
versaries :  but  they  have  never  done  go  to  less 
purpose  than  when  they  ascribe  the  loss  of  that 
battle  to  a  man  who  was  in  'all  probability  not 
born  in  1691,  and  must  in  any  case  have  been  a 
mere  boy  at  the  time.  No  peerage  that  I  have 
met  with  gives  the  date  of  his  birth,  which  would 
at  once  settle  the  question.  It  seems  most  un- 
likely, if  such  were  actually  the  case,  that  the 
family,  on  attaining  the  peerage,  should  have  re- 
vived the  title  of  the  gallant  Sarsfield  (whose 
representatives  they  were),  and  thus  challenged 
public  attention,  always  on  the  alert  on  such 
points  in  Ireland,  to  their  alleged  dishonour  and 
betrayal  of  the  cause  for  which  he  fought  and  fell. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Proclamation  for  making  Mustard. — Did  Queen 
Elizabeth  issue  a  proclamation  for  "  the  right  of 
making  mustard  ?"  And  if  so,  what  was  the  lan- 
guage of  such  proclamation  ?  AN  ADMIRER. 

Judges  practising  at  the  Bar.  —  A  curious  dis- 
quisition has  run  through  "  N.  &  Q,."  on  the  re- 
linquishment  of  their  sees  by  bishops,  but  I  do 
not  see  that  any  of  them  are  shown  to  have  offici- 
ated as  parish  priests  after  quitting  the  episcopate. 

Not  that  this  is  the  point  I  wish  now  to  put 
before  you  and  your  renders,  but  I  want  informa- 
tion on  a  somewhat  kindred  subject. 

In  Craik's  Romance  of  the  Peerage  there  occurs : 

"  Percy's  leading  counsel  upon  this  occasion  was 
Mr.  Sergeant  (aftewards  Sir  Francis)  Pemberton,  who 
subsequently  rose  to  be  first  a  puisne  judge,  and  then 
Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  was  thence  trans- 
ferred to  the  Chief  Justiceship  of  the  Common  Pleas, 
and  after  all  ended  his  days  a  practitioner  at  the  bar." 
—  Vol.  iv.  p.  29.  note. 

Pemberton,  it  appears,  was  dismissed  from  the 
Common  Pleas  in  1683  ;  he  was  counsel  for  the 
seven  bishops  in  1688,  as  was  also  another  dis- 
placed judge,  Sir  Creswell  Leving,  or  Levinge, 
who  was  superseded  in  1686. 

Are  these  the  only  two  instances  of  judges, 
qui  olimfuere,  practising  at  the  bar  ?  If  not,  are 
they  the'  latest  ?  And  ^farther,  if  not  the  latest, 
does  not  etiquette  forbid  such  practice  now  ? 

W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 

Celebrated  Wagers.  —  I  should  be  glad  if  any 
correspondent  will  point  out  any  remarkable  in- 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


stances  of  the  above.  The  ordinary  channels  for 
obtaining  such  information  I  am  of  course  ac- 
quainted with.  C.  CLIFTON  BARRT. 

"  Pay  me  tribute,  or  else ."  —  In  Mr.  Bunn's 

late  work,  Old  England  and  New  England,  I  find 
this  note : 

"We  all  remember  the  haughty  message  of  the 
ruler  of  a  certain  province  to  the  governor  of  a  neigh- 
bouring one,  «  Pay  me  tribute,  or  else ; '  and  the 

appropriate  reply,  '  I  owe  you  none,  and  if .' " 

Not  being  of  the  totality  reminiscent,  may  I  beg 
for  enlightenment?  The  anecdote  sounds  well, 
and  I  am  therefore  curious  to  know  who  the 
governors  and  what  the  provinces  ?  W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 

"  A  regular  Turk?  —  "We  often'hear  of  people 
bad  to  manage  being  "regular  Turks."  When 
did  the  phrase  originate  ?  Though  not  a  journal 
for  politics,  "  N.  &  Q."  will  no  doubt  breathe  a 
wish  for  the  present  sultan  to  be,  in  the  approach- 
ing warfare,  "  a  regular  Turk."  PRESTONIENSIS. 

Benjamin  Rush.  —  I  found  the  following  in  an 
old  paper  : 

"Edinburgh,  June  14,  1768.  Yesterday  Benjamin 
Rush,  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  A.  M.,  and  Gus- 
tavus  Richard  Brown,  of  Maryland,  were  admitted  to 
the  honour  of  a  degree  of  Doctors  of  Physic,  in  the 
university  of  this  place,  after  having  undergone  the 
usual  examinations,  both  private  and  public.  The 
former  of  whom  was  also  presented  some  time  before 
•with  the  freedom  of  this  city." 

The  Benjamin  Rush  here  referred  to  subse- 
quently became  quite  eminent  as  a  physician. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  struggle  between 
the  American  colonies  and  the  mother  country, 
and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  One  of  his  sons  was  the  American 
minister  to  London  a  few  years  since. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  why  the 
freedom  of  Edinburgh  was  conferred  upon  him  ? 
In  1768  he  could  not  have  been  over  twenty-live 
years  of  age.  INQUIRER. 

Per  Centum  Sign.  — Will  you  kindly  inform  me 
why  the  symbol  %  means  per  centum  :  viz.  5  %, 
10  %,  &c.  ?  JAMES  MILLS. 

Burial  Service  Tradition.  —  About  forty  years 
ago,  a  young  man  hung  himself.  When  his  body 
was  taken  to  the  church  for  interment,  the 
clergymen  refused  reading  the  burial  service  over 
him ;  his  friends  took  him  to  another  parish,  and 
the  clergyman  of  that  place  refused  also ;  they 
then  removed  him  to  an  adjoining  one,  and  the 
clergyman  received  him  and  buried  him.  The 
last  clergyman  said,  if  any  friend  of  the  deceased 
had  cut  off  his  right  hand,  and  laid  it  outside  the 


coffin,  no  clergyman  then  could  refuse  legally  re- 
ceiving and  burying  the  corpse.  Query,  is  this 
true  ? 

May  I  ask  your  readers  for  an  answer,  as  it  will 
oblige  many  friends.  The  above  happened  in 
Derbyshire.  S.  ADAMS,  Curate. 

Jean  Barfs  Descent  on  Newcastle.  —  I  find  no 
notice,  either  in  Sykes's  Local  Records,  or  in 
Richardson's  Local  Historian's  Table-book,  of  the 
descent  made  on  Newcastle  in  1694  by  the  cele- 
brated Jean  Bart,  whom  the  Dutch  nicknamed 
"  De  Fransch  Duyvel."  Somewhere  or  other  I 
have  seen  it  stated  that  he  returned  to  France 
with  an  immense  booty.  Perhaps  some  of  your 
north  country  correspondents  can  tell  us  whether 
any  record  of  his  visit  exists  in  the  archives  of 
the  corporation  of  Newcastle  or  elsewhere  ? 

WILLIAM  BROCKIE. 

Russell  Street,  South  Shields. 

Madame  deStael. — In  Three  Months  in  Northern 
Germany,  p.  151.,  1817,  the  following  passage 
occurs  among  some  corrections  of  the  mistakes  of 
Madame  de  Stael : 

"  She  knew  the  language  imperfectly,  read  little, 
and  misreported  the  gossip  which  she  heard,  either 
from  carelessness  or  misunderstanding.  When  she 
censures  Fichte,  who  she  says  had  received  no  provo- 
cation from  Nicolai,  for  helping  Schlegel  to  write  a 
dull  book  against  him  when  he  was  too  old  to  reply, 
she  must  have  been  ignorant  of  the  fact,  that  Nicolai 
lived  and  wrote  many  years  after  the  publication ;  and 
that,  whether  provoked  or  not,  it  is  far  from  dull." 

I  cannot  find  any  mention  of  this  dispute  in 
Madame  de  StaeTs  De  TAllemagne,  and  shall  be 
glad  if  any  of  your  readers  can  direct  me  to  the 
passage  in  her  works,  and  also  to  the  joint  work 
of  Schlegel  and  Fichte.  R.  A. 

Ox.  and  C.  Club. 

Honoria,  Daughter  of  Lord  Denny.  —  I  should 
be  extremely  obliged  to  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents if  they  could  give  me  the  date  of  the  death  of 
Honoria,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Edward,  Lord 
Denny,  who  was  married  to  James  Hay,  after- 
wards Earl  Carlisle,  on  the  6th  of  January,  1607. 
She  had  issue  James,  second  Earl  of  Carlisle,  who 
died  in  1660.  As  James  Hay,  then  Baron  Hay 
of  Sawley,  married  his  second  wife  (Lucy,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry,  Earl  of  Northumberland)  in  No- 
vember 1617,  the  time  of  the  first  Lady  Hay's 
death  is  fixed  between  1607  and  1617. 

AUGUSTUS  JESSOPP. 

N.B.  — "Bis  dat  qui  cito  dat." 
Rectory,  Papworth  St.  Agnes. 

Hospital  of  John  of  Jerusalem.  —  Is  there  any 
book  or  manuscript  relating  to  the  proceedings  of 
the  Hospital  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  in  England, 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


which  enters  so  fully  into  particulars  as  to  give 
the  names  of  the  members  of  the  society  and  its 


officers  about  the  year  1300  ? 


C.  F.  K. 


Heiress  of  Haddon  Hall.  —  Any  one  who  visits 
Haddon  Hall  in  Derbyshire,  the  property  of  the 
Duke  of  Rutland,  is  shown  a  doorway,  through 
which  the  heiress  to  this  baronial  mansion  eloped 
with  (I  think)  a  Cavendish  some  centuries  ago. 
I  have  been  informed  that  in  a  recent  restoration 
of  Bakewell  Church,  which  is  near  Haddon  Hall, 
the  vault  which  contained  the  remains  of  this  lady 
and  her  family  was  accidentally  broken  into,  and 
that  the  bodies  of  herself,  her  husband,  and  some 
children,  were  found  decapitated,  with  their  heads 
under  their  arms  ;  moreover,  that  in  all  the  coffins 
there  were  dice.  My  informant  had  read  an  au- 
thenticated account  of  this  curious  circumstance, 
"which  was  drawn  up  at  the  time  of  the  discovery, 
but  he  could  not  refer  me  to  it ;  and  it  is  very 
possible  that  either  his  memory  or  mind  may  have 
failed  as  to  the  exact  facts.  At  any  rate  they  are 
worth  embalming,  I  think,  in  the  pages  of  "  X.  & 
Q.,"  if  any  correspondent  will  kindly  supply  both 
"  chapter  and  verse."  ALFRED  GATTY. 

Monteith.  —  There  is  a  peculiar  style  of  silver 
bowl,  of  about  the  time  of  Queen  Anne,  which  is 
called  a  Monteith.  Why  is  it  so  designated  ?  and 
to  what  particular  use  was  it  generally  applied  ? 

Vandyking.  —  In  a  letter  from  Secretary  Winde- 
banke  to  the  Lord  Deputy  Wentworth  (Strafford 
Papers,  vol.  i.  p.  161.),  P.  C.  S.  S.  notices  this 
phrase,  "Pardon,  I  beseech  your  lordship,  the  over- 
free  censure  of  your  Vandyking"  What  is  the 
meaning  of  this  term,  which  P.  C.  S.  S.  does  not 
find  in  any  other  writing  of  the  period  ?  Had  the 
costume,  so  usual  in  the  portraits  by  Vandyke, 
become  proverbial  so  early  as  1633,  the  date  of 
Windebanke's  letter  ?  P.  C.  S.  S. 

Hiel  the  Bethelite.  —  What  is  the  meaning  of 
the  34th  verse  of  the  16th  chapter  of  the  1st  Book 
of  Kings?  In  one  of  Huddlestone's  notes  to 
Toland's  History  of  the  Druids,  he  quotes  the  acts* 
of  Hiel  the  Bethelite,  therein  mentioned,  as  an 
instance  of  the  Druidical  custom  of  burying  a 
man  alive  under  the  foundations  of  any  building 
which  was  to  be  undertaken  ?  L.  M.  M.  R. 

Earl  of  Glencairn. —  Could  you  or  any  of 
your  readers  inform  me  of  any  particulars  con- 
cerning the  Earl  of  Glencairn,  who,  with  a  sister, 
is  said  to  have  fled  from  Scotland  about  1700,  or 
rather  later,  and  to  have  concealed  himself  in 
Devonshire,  where  his  sister  married,  1712,  one 
John  Lethbridge,  and  had  issue  ?  Was  this  sister 
called  Grace  ?  Within  late  years  they  were 
spoken  of  by  the  very  old  inhabitants  of  Oke- 


liampton,  Devon,   and   stories   of  the   coroneted 
clothes,  &c.  were  current.  LODBROK. 

Willow  Barh  in  Ague.  —  I  have  seen  recently 
some  notices  of  the  use  of  willow  bark  in  ague. 
Will  some  kind  correspondent  inform  me  and 
others  interested  in  the  subject,  where  the  in- 
formation is  to  be  found ?  E.G. 

"  Perturldbantur"  SfC.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  give  the  whole  of  the  poem,  of  which  the 
first  two  lines  are  — 

"  Perturbabantur  Constantinopolitani, 
Innumerabilibus  sollicitudinibus  "  ? 

These  lines  are  singularly  applicable  at  the  present 
moment. 

I  am  also  desirous  of  knowing  the  history  of 
this  poem.  P« 


Seamen's  Tickets.  —  From  an  old  paper,  1768  : 
"  Feb.  8.  Died  at  her  house  in  Chapel  Street,  near 
Ratcliff  Highway,  aged  95,  Margaret  M'Kennow,  who 
kept  a  lodging-house  in  that  neighbourhood  many 
years,  and  dealt  in  seamen's  tickets.  She  is  said  to 
have  died  worthoipwards  of  6000/.,  and  just  after  she 
expired  twenty-nine  quarter  guineas  were  found  in  her 
mouth." 

What  are  seamen's  tickets  ?  W.  D.  R. 

Philadelphia. 

[The  system  of  paying  seamen  with  tickets  instead 
of  cash  caused  great  discontent  during  the  reign  of 
Charles  II.,  and,  from  the  frequent  notices  respecting 
it  in  Pepys's  Diary,  seems  to  have  given  our  Diarist 
great  trouble.  On  November  30,  1660,  he  says: 
"  Sir  G.  Carteret  did  give  us  an  account  how  Mr. 
Holland  do  intend  to  prevail  with  the  parliament  to 
try  his  project  of  discharging  the  seamen  all  at  present 
by  ticket,  and  so  promise  interest  to  all  men  that  will 
lend  money  upon  them  at  eight  per  cent,  for  so  long 
as  they  are  unpaid ;  whereby  he  do  think  to  take  away 
the  growing  debt  which  do  now  lie  upon  the  kingdom 
for  lack  of  present  money  to  discharge  the  seamen." 
These  tickets  the  poor  fellows  sold  at  half  price  to 
usurers,  mostly  Jews ;  and  to  so  great  an  extent  was 
the  system  carried,  that  in  the  year  1710  there  was  a 
floating  debt  due  to  these  usurers  of  ten  millions  paid 
by  Harley  from  a  fictitious  fund  formed  by  the  go- 
vernment.] 

Bruce,  Robert.  —  Can  you  tell  me  the  name  of 
the  author  of  the  following  little  work?  It  is 
small,  and  contains  342  pages,  and  is  entitled  : 

"  The  Acts  and  Life  of  the  most  Victorious  Con- 
queror Robert  Bruce,  King  of  Scotland.  Wherein 
also  are  contained  the  Martial  Deeds  of  the  Valiant 
Princes  Edward  Bruce,  Sir  James  Dowglas,  Earl 
Thomas  Randal,  Walter  Stewart,  and  sundry  others. 
To  which  is  added  a  Glossary,  explaining  the  difficult 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


Words  contained  in  this  Book,  and  that  of  Wallace. 
Glasgow  :  printed  by  Mr.  A.  Carmichael  and  A. 
Miller.  MDCCXXXVII." 

JAMES  P.  BRYCE. 

[This  work  is  by  John  Barbour  (sometimes  written 
Barber,  Barbere,  and  Barbare),  an  eminent  Scottish 
metrical  historian.  It  has  been  said  that  he  received 
his  education  at  the  Abbey  of  Aberbrothock,  where  he 
took  orders,  and  obtained  a  living  near  Aberdeen. 
Dr.  Henry  supposes  Barbour  to  have  become  Arch- 
deacon of  Aberdeen  in  1356.  It  is  probable  he  died 
towards  the  close  of  1395.  His  poem  has  passed 
through  several  editions,  and  is  considered  of  high 
historical  value.  The  earlier  editions  are  those  of 
Edinburgh,  1616,  1670,  12mo.  In  1790,  Pinkerton 
published  "  the  first  genuine  edition  from  a  MS.  dated 
1489,  with  notes  and  a  Glossary."  The  best  edition, 
however,  is  that  by  Dr.  Jamieson,  with  Notes,  and 
Life  of  the  Author,  Edinb.  4to.  1820.] 

Coronation  Custom.  —  At  the  coronations  of 
Henry  IV.  and  Richard  III.  a  ceremony  was  per- 
formed which  seems  to  indicate  some  idea  of  the 
elective  sovereignty  in  England.  The  archbishop 
stood  at  each  of  the  four  corners  of  the  dais  in 
succession,  and  asked  from  thence  the  consent  of 
the  assembled  Commons  (Heylin,  Reform.,  1st 
edit.,  p.  32.).  Did  this  ever  take  place  at  the 
coronation  of  English  monarchs  whose  succession 
was  not  disputed  ?  J.  H.  B. 

[In  after  times  this  ceremony  seems  to  be  that  called 
"The  Recognition."  Sandford,  speaking  of  the  co- 
ronation of  James  II.,  says,  «  The  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury standing  near  the  king,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
theatre,  his  majesty,  attended  as  before,  rose  out  of 
his  chair,  and  stood  before  it,  whilst  the  archbishop, 
having  his  face  to  the  east,  said  as  follows :  «  Sirs.  I 
here  present  unto  you  King  James,  the  rightful  in- 
heritor of  the  crown  of  this  realm  ;  wherefore  all  ye 
that  are  come  this  day  to  do  your  homage,  service,  and 
bounden  duty,  are  ye  willing  to  do  the  same  ?  '  From 
thence  the  said  archbishop,  accompanied  with  the  lord 
keeper,  the  lord  great  chamberlain,  the  lord  high  con- 
stable, and  the  earl  marshal  (garter  king  of  arms  going 
before  them),  proceeded  to  the  south  side  of  the 
theatre,  and  repeated  the  same  words  ;  and  from  thence 
to  the  west,  and  lastly  to  the  north  side  of  the  theatre, 
in  like  manner  :  the  king  standing  all  this  while  by 
his  chair  of  state,  toward  the  east  side  of  the  theatre, 
and  turning  his  face  to  the  several  sides  of  the  theatre, 
at  such  time  as  the  archbishop  at  every  of  them  spake 
to  the  people.  At  every  of  which  the  people  signified 
their  willingness  and  joy  by  loud  acclamations."] 

William  Warner.  —  Where  can  any  account  be 
found  of  Warner  the  poet,  the  author  of  Albion's 
England  ?  I.  R.  R. 

[Some  account  of  William  Warner  will  be  found 
in  Wood's  Athence  Oxnnienses,  vol.  i.  pp.  765 — 773. 
(Bliss);  also  in  Percy's  Reliques  of  Ancient  English 
Poetry,  vol.  ii.  p.  261.,  edit.  1812.  From  the  register 
of  Amwell,  in  Herts,  it  appears  that  he  died  there 


March  9,  1608-9,  "soddenly  in  the  night  in  his  bedde, 
without  any  former  complaynt  or  sicknesse  ;  "  and  that 
he  was  "a  man  of  good  yeares  and  honest  reputation  ; 
by  his  profession  an  attorney  at  the  Common  Please." 
—  Scott's  Amwell,  p.  22.  note.] 

"Isle  of  Beauty:'  —  Who  was  the  author  of 
"Isle  of  Beauty?"  I  always  thought  Thomas 
Haynes  Bayly,  but  some  say  Lord  Byron.  Not 
knowing  Mrs.  Bayly's  immediate  address,  I  send 
this  Query.  I  much  regret  not  asking  her  when 
I  sent  my  volume  of  poems,  with  view  of  poor 
Bayly's  Grove,  Cheltenham.  L.  M.  THORNTON. 

14.  Philip  Street,  Bath. 

[The  "  Isle  of  Beauty"  is  by  Thomas  Haynes  Bayly, 
and  is  given  among  his  Songs,  Ballads,  and  other  Poems, 
edited  by  his  widow,  vol.  i.  p.  182.  edit.  1844.] 

Edmund  Lodge.  —  Can  you  give  me  the  date  of 
the  death  of  Edmund  Lodge,  the  herald  ?  I  sup- 
pose there  will  be  some  account  of  him  in  the 
Obituary  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  to  which 
I  wish  to  refer.  Was  he  a  descendant  of  the  Rev. 
Edmund  Lodge,  the  predecessor  of  Dawes  in  the 
Mastership  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Grammar  School 
at  ISTewcastle-upon-Tyne  ?  E.  H.  A. 

[Edmund  Lodge  died  January  16,  1839.  An  ac- 
count of  him  is  given  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
April,  1839,  p.  433.] 

King  John.  —  Baines,  in  his  History  of  Liver- 
pool, p.  77.,  says  King  John  "  was  at  Lancaster  on 
the  26th  February,  'l206,  and  at  Chester  on  the 
28th  February  following."  What  route  did  he 
take  from  the  first  to  the  second-named  town, 
and  what  was  the  object  of  his  visit  ? 

PRESTONIENSIS. 

[Upon  reference  to  the  Introduction  to  the  Patent 
Rolfs,  it  appears  that  John  was  at  Lancaster  from 
Monday  the  21st  to  Sunday  27th,  from  Monday  28th 
to  Wednesday  1st  March  at  Chester,  on  Thursday  2nd 
at  Middlewich,  Friday  the  3rd  at  Newcastle-under- 
Lyne,  and  from  the  4th  to  the  8th  at  Milburn.] 


HAS    EXECUTION    BY    HANGING   BEEN    SURVIVED  ? 

(Yol.  ix.,  pp.  174.  280.) 

The  copious  Notes  of  your  correspondents  on 
this  subject  have  only  left  the  opportunity  for  n 
few  stray  gleanings  in  the  field  of  their  researches, 
which  may,  however,  not  prove  uninteresting. 

The  compiler  of  a  curious  12mo.  (A  Memorial 
for  the  Learned,  by  J.  D.,  Gent.,  London,  1686) 
records,  among  "  Notable  Events  in  the  Reign  of 
Henry  VI.,"  that, — 

"  Soon  after  the  good  Duke  of  Gloucester  was 
secretly  murthered,  five  of  his  menial  servants,  viz. 
Sir  Koger  Chamberlain,  Knt.,  Middleton,  Herber, 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


Artzis,  Esq.,  and  John  Neeclham,  Gent.,  were  con- 
demned to  be  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered  ;  and 
hanged  they  were  at  Tyburn,  let  down  quick,  stript 
naked,  marked  with  a  knife  to  be  quartered ;  and  then 
the  Marquess  of  Suffolk  brought  their  pardon,  and 
delivered  it  at  the  place  of  execution,  and  so  their 
lives  were  saved." — P.  77. 

The  following  document  from  the  Patent  Rolls 
of  the  forty-eighth  year  of  the  reign  of  King 
Henry  III.  (skin  5.)  affords  conclusive  evidence 
of  the  affirmative : 

.  "  Rex  omnibus,  etc.  salutem.  Quia  Inetta  de  Bal- 
sham  pro  receptamento  latronum  et  imposito  nuper 
per  considerationem  curie  nostre  suspendio  adjudicata, 
et  ab  hora  non&  diei  lune  usque  post  ortum  solis  diei 
martis  sequen.  suspensa,  viva  evasit,  sicut  ex  testi- 
monio  fide  dignorum  accipimus.  Nos,  divince  chari- 
tatis  intuitu,  pardonavimus  eidem  Inetta  sectam  pads 
nostre  que  ad  nos  pertinet  pro  receptamento  predicto, 
et  firmam  pacem  nostrum  ei  inde  concedimus.  In 
cujus,  etc.  Teste  Rege  apud  Cantuar.  xvi°.  die  Au- 
gusti. 

•  "  Convenit  cum  recordo  LAI;R.  HALSTED,  Deput. 
Algern.  May.  mil." 

Plot,  in  his  Natural  History  of  Staffordshire, 
p.  292.,  quotes  this  pardon,  and  suggests  that  pos- 
sibly 

"  She  could  not  be  hanged,  upon  account  that  the 
larynx,  or  upper  part  of  her  windpipe,  was  turned 
to  bone,  as  Fallopius  (Oper.,  torn,  i.,  Obs.  Anat., 
tract.  6.)  tells  us  he  has  sometimes  found  it,  which 
possibly  might  be  so  strong,  that  the  weight  of  her 
body  could  not  compress  it,  as  it  happened  in  the  case 
of  a  Swiss,  who,  as  I  am  told  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Obadiah 
Walker,  Master  or  University  College,  was  attempted 
to  be  hanged  no  less  than  thirteen  times,  yet  lived  not- 
withstanding, by  the  benefit  of  his  windpipe,  that  after 
his  death  was  found  to  have  turned  into  a  bone  ;  which 
yet  is  still  wonderful,  since  the  circulation  of  the  blood 
must  be  stopt,  however,  unless  his  veins  and  arteries 
were  likewise  turned  to  bone,  or  the  rope  not  slipt 
close." 

Besides  the  account  of  Anne  Green,  Denham, 
in  the  4th  book  of  his  Physico-  Theology,  quotes 
the  following  instance  from  Rechelin  (De  Aere  et 
Alim.  defect.,  cap.  vii.), — 

"  Of  a  certain  woman  hang'd,  and  in  all  appearance* 
dead,  who  was  nevertheless  restored  to  life  by  a  physi- 
cian accidentally  coming  in,  and  ordering  a  plentiful 
administration  of  the  spirit  of  sal  ammoniac." 

(See  also  The  Uncertainty  of  the  Signs  of  Death, 
and  the  Danger  of  precipitate  Interments  and  Dis- 
sections demonstrated,  12rno.,  London,  1751.) 

^  A  paragraph,  stating  that  Fauntleroy,  the  noto- 
rious forger,  had  survived  his  execution,  and  was 
living  abroad,  has  more  than  once  gone  the  round 
of  the  newspapers.  It  is  sometimes  added  that 
his  evidence  was  required  in  a  Chancery  suit, — 
absurdly  enough,  as,  if  not  actually,  he  was  at 
least  legally  dead. 


The  story  of  Brodie,  executed  October,  1788, 
for  an  excise  robbery  at  Edinburgh,  is  probably 
familiar  to  most.  The  self-possession  and  firmness 
with  which  he  met  his  fate  was  the  result  of  a 
belief  in  the  possibility  of  his  resuscitation  : 

"  It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  an  attempt  was  made  to 
resuscitate  Brodie  immediately  after  the  execution. 
The  operator  was  Degravers,  whom  Brodie  himself 
had  employed.  His  efforts,  however,  were  utterly 
abortive.  A  person  who  witnessed  the  scene,  ac- 
counted for  the  failure  by  saying  that  the  hangman, 
having  been  bargained  with  for  a  short  fall,  his  excess 
of  caution  made  him  shorten  the  rope  too  much  at 
first,  and  when  he  afterwards  lengthened  it,  he  made  it 
too  long,  which  consequently  proved  fatal  to  the  expe- 
riment."—  Curiosities  of  Biography,  8vo.,  Glasgow, 
1845. 

There  is  a  powerfully-written  story  in  Black" 
wood's  Magazine,  April,  1827,  entitled  "Le  Reve- 
nant,"  in  which  a  resuscitated  felon  is  supposed  to 
describe  his  feelings  and  experience.  The  author, 
in  his  motto,  makes  a  sweeping  division  of  man- 
kind: — "There  are  but  two  classes  in  the  world 
—  those  who  are  hanged,  and  those  who  are  not 
hanged ;  and  it  has  been  my  lot  to  belong  to  the 
former."  Many  well-authenticated  cases  might 
still  be  adduced;  but  enough  at  least  has  now 
probably  been  fiaid  upon  the  subject,  to  show  the 
possibility  of  surviving  the  tender  mercies  of  Pro- 
fessor Calcraft  and  his  fraternity. 

WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

In  Atkinson's  Medical  Bibliography,  A.  and  B., 
under  the  head  "  Bathurst  Rodolphus,"  is  the 
following : 

"  Nuremberg,  4to.,  1655.  On  a  maid  who  recovered 
after  being  hanged. 

"  This  is  the  Remarkable  case  of  Elizabeth  Gren, 
whom  Bathurst  and  Dr.  Willis  restored  after  being 
executed,  i.  e.  hanged,  for  infanticide.  '  Vena  incisa 
refocillata  est.' 

"  These  poor  creatures  are  seldom  considered  as 
maids,  after  being  hanged  for  infanticide.  A  similar 
recovery  also  happened  to  a  man  who  had  been  exe- 
cuted for  murder  at  York.  My  father  had  the  body 
for  public  dissection.  Whether  the  law  then  required 
the  body  to  be  hung  for  one  hour  or  not,  I  cannot  say ; 
but  I  well  remember  my  father's  observation,  that  it 
was  a  pity  the  wretch  had  ever  been  restored,  as  his 
morals  were  by  no  means  improved.  Hanging  is  there- 
fore by  no  means  a  cure  for  immorality,  and  it  will  be 
needless  (in  any  of  us)  trying  the  experiment."  — 
P.  255. 

H.  J. 

Sheffield. 

There  is  a  record  of  a  person  being  alive  imme- 
diately after  hanging,  in  the  Local  Historian's 
Table-book,  vol.  ii.  pp.  43, 44.,  and  under  the  date 
May  23,  1752.  It  is  there  stated,  Evvan  Mac- 
donald,  a  recruit  in  General  Guise's  regiment  of 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


Highlanders,  then  quartered  in  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  murdered  a  cooper  named  Parker,  and  was 
executed  on  September  28,  pursuant  to  his  sen- 
tence. He  was  only  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  at 
the  gallows  endeavoured  to  throw  the  executioner 
oil'  the  ladder.  The  statement  concludes  with  — 
"  his  body  was  taken  to  the  surgeons'  hall  and 
there  dissected;"  and  the  following  is  appended 
as  a  foot-note : 

"  It  was  said  that,  after  the  body  was  taken  to 
the  surgeons'  hall,  and  placed  ready  for  dissection, 
the  surgeons  were  called  to  attend  a  case  at  the  in- 
firmary, who,  on  their  return,  found  Macdonald  so  far 
recovered  as  to  be  sitting  up.  He  immediately  begged 
for  mercy;  but  a  young  surgeon,  not  wishing  to  be 
disappointed  of  the  dissection,  seized  a  wooden  mall, 
with  which  he  deprived  him  of  life.  It  was  farther 
reported,  as  the  just  vengeance  of  God,  that  this  young 
man  was  soon  after  killed  in  the  stable  by  his  own 
horse.  They  used  to  show  a  mall  at  the  surgeons' 
hall,  as  the  identical  one  used  by  the  surgeon." 


Newcastle-on-Tyne. 


ROBERT  S.  SALMON. 


The  case  of  Anne  Green  is  attested  by  a  third 
witness : 

"  In  December,  1G50,  he  was  one  of  the  persons 
concerned  in  recovering  Anne  Green  to  life,  who  was 
hanged  at  Oxford  on  the  14th,  for  the  supposed  mur- 
ther  of  her  bastard  child."—"  Memoir  of  Sir  William 
Petty,  Knt,"  prefixed  to  Several  Essays  on  Political 
Arithmetic,  p.  3.,  4th  edit.,  London,  1755. 

CPL. 


COLERIDGE'S  CHRISTABEL. 
(Vol.  vii.,  pp.  208.  292 ;  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  11.  111.) 

MR.  J.  S.  WARDEN  might  well  express  astonish- 
ment at  the  rash  and  groundless  statement  in 
"Blackwood"  (Dec.  1839),  that  the  third  part  of 
Cliristabel  which  Dr.  Maginn  sent  to  that  maga- 
zine in  1820  "perplexed  the  public,  and  pleased 
even  Coleridge"  How  far  the  " discerning  public" 
were  imposed  upon  I  know  not;  the  following 
extract  will  show  how  far  the  poet-philosopher 
was  "  pleased  "  with  the  parody. 

"  If  I  should  finish  '  Christabel,'  I  shall  certainly 
extend  it,  and  give  new  characters,  and  a  greater  num- 
ber of  incidents.  This  the  'reading  public'  require, 
and  this  is  the  reason  that  Sir  Walter  Scott's  poems, 
though  so  loosely  written,  are  pleasing,  and  interest 
us  by  their  picturesqueness.  If  a  genial  recurrence  of 
the  ray  divine  should  occur  for  a  few  weeks,  I  shall 
certainly  attempt  it.  I  had  the  whole  of  the  two 
cantos  in  my  mind  before  I  began  it;  certainly  the 
first  canto  is  more  perfect,  has  more  of  the  true  wild 
weird  spirit  than  the  last.  I  laughed  heartily  at  the 
continuation  in  'Blackwood,'  which  I  have  been  told  is 
by  Maginn.  It  is  in  appearance,  and  in  appearance 
only,  a  good  imitation.  I  do  not  doubt  but  that  it 


gave  more  pleasure,  and  to  a  greater  number,  than  a 
continuation  by  myself  in  the  spirit  of  the  two  first  (sic) 
cantos  (qu.  would  give)." — Letters,  §*c.,  Moxon,  1836, 
vol.  i.  pp.  94-5. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 
Birmingham. 


GENERAL   WHITELOCKE. 

(Vol.ix.,  p.  201.) 

General  Whitelocke  being  on  a  visit  to  Aboyne 
Castle,  in  this  county,  the  seat  of  the  late  Marquis 
of  Huntley,  then  Earl  of  Aboyne,  and  a  public 
market  being  held  in  the  neighbourhood,  the  Earl, 
the  General,  and  some  other  visitors,  were  seen 
sauntering  amongst  the  cattle  and  the  tents  of  the 
fair.  Amongst  the  attenders  of  the  country  mar- 
kets at  that  period  was  a  woman  of  the  name  of 
Tibby  Masson,  well  known  in  this  city  for  her 
masculine  character  and  deeds  of  fearlessness. 
Tibby  had  accompanied  her  husband,  who  was  a 
soldier,  to  South  America ;  and,  along  with  him, 
had  been  present  at  the  unfortunate  siege  of 
Buenos  Ay  res  ;  and,  as  a  trophy  of  her  valour, 
she  brought  with  her  an  enormous-sized  silver 
watch,  wliich  she  declared  she  had  taken  from  the 
person  of  a  Spanish  officer  who  lay  wounded  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  city  after  the  engage- 
ment. Tibby  was  standing  by  her  "  sweetie" 
(confectionary)  stall  in  the  Aboyne  Market  when 
the  Earl  and  Whitelocke,  and  the  other  gentlemen, 
were  passing,  and  she  at  once  recognised  her  old 
commander.  They  stopped,  and  the  General 
tasted  some  of  her  "sweeties,"  and  saucily  de- 
clared that  they  were  abominably  bad.  Upon, 
which  Tibby  immediately  retorted  :  "  They  are  a 
great  deal  better  than  the  timmer  (wooden)  flints 
that  you  gave  our  soldiers  at  Bonny's  Airs."  On 
hearing  this,  the  consternation  of  Whitelocke  and 
his  friends  can  more  easily  be  imagined  than  de- 
scribed. They  all  fled  from  the  field  with  the 
utmost  rapidity,  leaving  Tibby  completely  vic- 
torious ;  and  the  General,  so  far  as  is  known, 
never  again  visited  Aberdeenshire.  B.  B. 

Aberdeen. 

I  have  not  access  to  a  file  of  newspapers,  but 
have  been  frequently  told  by  an  old  pensioner, 
who  served  under  General  Whitelocke:  "We 
inarched  into  Bowsan  Arrys  (as  he  pronounced 
Buenos  Ayres)  without  ere  a  flint  in  our  muskets.'* 

L.  G. 

The  subjoined  charade,  which  I  have  seen  years 
ago,  is  perhaps  preferable  : 

"  My  first  is  an  emblem  of  purity, 
My  next  against  knaves  a  security; 

My  whole  is  a  shame 

To  an  Englishman's  name, 
And  branded  will  be  to  futurity." 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


I  have  also  seen  a  sort  of  parody  upon  the  above 
applied  to  Waterloo : 

"  My  first,  tho'  it's  clear, 

Will  oft  troubl'd  appear, 
IMy  next  's  an  amusement  so  clever; 
My  whole  is  a  name, 
Recorded  by  fame, 
To  the  glory  of  England  for  ever." 

M.  J.  C. 

If  the  jew  d"  esprit  on  the  above  name  be  worthy 
of  preservation,  the  more  correct  version  of  it  is 
as  follows : 

*'  My  first  is  the  emblem  of  purity, 
My  second  is  used  for  security  ; 
My  whole  is  a  name, 
Which,  if  I  had  the  same, 
I  should  blush  to  hand  down  to  futurity." 

The  authorship  was  ascribed  (I  believe  with 
truth)  to  a  lady  of  the  name  of  Belson.  M.  (2) 

The  following  is  the  correct  version  : 
"  My  first  is  an  emblem  of  purity, 
My  second  the  means  of  security  ; 
My  whole  is  a  name, 
Which,  if  mine  were  the  same, 
I  should  blush  to  hand  down  to  futurity." 

N.  L.  J. 

General  Whitelocke  died  at  Clifton,  in  his  house 
in  Princes  Buildings.  ANON. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Gravelly  Wax  Negatives.  —  The  only  remedy  I  am 
acquainted  with  is  to  use  the  paper  within  twenty-four 
hours  after  excitement.  I  have  tried  the  methods  of 
Messrs.  Crookes,  Fenton,  and  How ;  in  every  case  I 
was  equally  annoyed  with  gravel,  if  excited  beyond 
that  time  ;  in  fact,  I  believe  all  the  good  wax  negatives 
have  been  taken  within  twelve  hours.  The  Rev.  Wm. 
Collings,  who  has  produced  such  excellent  wax  ne- 
gatives, 24  in.  x  18  (several  were  sent  to  tlie  late  Ex- 
hibition of  the  Photographic  Society),  informs  me  the 
above  is  quite  his  experience,  and  that  he  excites  his 
papers  for  the  day  early  in  the  morning.  The  cause 
lies,  I  believe,  in  the  want  of  homogeneity  of  the  waxed 
paper,  arising  from  unevenness  in  the  structure  of  the" 
paper  exaggerated  by  the  transparency  of  the  wax, 
partly,  perhaps,  from  a  semi-crystallizing  of  the  wax  in 
cooling,  and  also  from  its  being  adulterated  with 
tallow,  resin,  &c.  As  a  consequence  of  this,  the  paper 
is  filled  with  innumerable  hard  points ;  the  iodizing 
and  exciting  solutions  are  unequally  absorbed,  and  the 
actinic  influence  acting  more  on  the  weak  points,  pro- 
duces under  gallic  acid  a  speckled  appearance,  if  de- 
composition has  gone  to  any  length  in  the  exciting 
nitrate  by  keeping.  The  ceroleine  process,  by  its  power 
of  penetrating,  will,  I  hope,  produce  an  homogeneous 
paper,  and  go  far  to  remove  this  annoyance. 

Jn  answer  to  a  former  Query  by  MR.  HELE,  What- 
man's paper  of  1849   is  lightly  sized,   and  not  hard 


rolled,  so  that  twenty  minutes'  washing  in  repeated 
water  sufficed  to  remove  the  iodide  of  potassium,  and  if 
long  soaked  the  paper  became  porous,  often  letting 
the  gallic  acid  through  in  the  development.  I  have 
lately  been  trying  Turner's  and  Sandford's  papers ; 
they  require  three  or  four  hours'  repeated  washings  to 
get  rid  of  the  salts,  being  very  hard  rolled.  Many 
negatives  on  Turner's  paper,  especially  if  weak,  ex- 
hibit a  structural  appearance  like  linen,  the  unequal 
density  gives  almost  exactly  the  same  gravelly  cha- 
racter as  wax,  as  the  positive  I  inclose,  taken  from 
such  a  negative,  shows.  Not  only  ought  collodion  to 
be  "structureless,"  as  Ma.  SHAOBOLT  well  expresses  it, 
but  likewise  all  the  other  substrata  of  iodide  of  silver. 

T.  L.  MANSELI,. 
Guernsey. 

Photographic  Experience.  —  The  plan  proposed  by 
Da.  MANSELL,  in  the  last  Number  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  for  a 
comparison  of  photographic  experiences,  will,  I  am 
sure,  prove  of  much  practical  advantage ;  and  I  there- 
fore lose  no  time  in  filling  up  the  table  published  in 
your  paper : 

1.  Eight  minutes' exposure. 

2.  South  Wales. 

3.  Mr.  Talbot's  original  receipt. 

4.  Turner. 

5.  f  inch. 

6.  2  inches. 

7.  3  inches.    Focal  length,  1 7  inches.    Maker,  Ross. 

I  would  also  suggest  that  the  character  of  the  object 
copied  should  be  included  in  the  above  table.  My 
answer  supposes  a  light-coloured  building  of  an  ordi- 
nary sandstone  colour.  A  view  comprising  foliage 
would  require  a  much  longer  time  for  its  full  develop- 
ment. In  working  on  the  sea-coast,  I  find  that  the 
dark  slate  rocks  of  north  Cornwall  require  an  expo- 
sure in  the  camera  half  as  long  again  as  the  blue  moun- 
tain limestone  cliffs  of  South  Wales,  which  abound  in 
actinic  power.  J.  D.  LLEWELYX. 

Pen-ller-gaer. 


to 

Turkish  Language  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  352.).  —  Your 
correspondent  HASSAN,  who  would  much  gratify 
our  friends  the  Turks  if  he  would  spell  his  sig- 
nature with  one  .9  only,  will  find  the  object  of  his 
inquiry  in  a  little  book  just  published  by  Clowes, 
Military  Publisher,  Charing  Cross,  Turkish  and 
English  Words  and  Phrases,  for  the  Use  of  the 
British  Army  and  Navy  in  the  East,  price  Is. 
The  pronunciation  is  given  in  the  Roman  cha- 
racter, and  according  to  the  plainest  English  rules. 

OSMANM. 

Dr.  Edward  Daniel  Clarke's  Charts  of  the 
Slack  Sea  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  132.).  —  A  reply  respecting 
these  important  Charts,  and  their  value,  was  given 
by  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty  in  the  House 
of  Commons  on  March  6,  in  consequence  of  an 
inquiry  made  by  Mr.  French.  Sir  James  Graham 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


457 


is  stated  by  The  Times  of  the  following  day  to 
Lave  said  on  that  occasion  : 

«  The  Charts  alluded  to  by  the  lion,  gentleman  were 
most  valuable,  and  had  been  made  use  of;  but  subse- 
quent observations,  and  farther  surveys,  had  in  a  great 
measure  superseded  them  at  the  present  time." 

ELLUM. 

Aristotle  on  living  Law  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  373.). — 
Your  correspondent  H.  P.  asks  where  Aristotle 
says  that  a  judge  is  a  living  law,  as  the  law  itself 
is  a  dumb  judge.  The  first  part  of  this  antithesis 
is  in  Eth.  NIC.,  v.  4.  §  7. : 

"'O  yap  SiKaffrys  j3ou\€Tcu  elvai  olov  SiKatov  e^ux0"-" 
"  The  judge  wishes  to  be  justice  incarnate." 
Your  correspondent,  however,  probably  had  in 
his  mind  the  passage  of  Cicero,  de  Leg.,  iii.  1. : 

"  Videtis  igitur,  magistrates  hanc  esse  vim,  ut  praesit, 
prcescribatque  recte  et  utilia  et  conjuncta  cum  legibus ; 
— vereque  dici,  magistratum  legem  esse  loquentem,  le- 
gem  autem  mutum  magistratum." 

The  commentators  compare  an  antithetical  sen- 
tence attributed  to  Siinonides, — that  a  picture  is  a 
silent  poem,  and  that  a  poem  is  a  speaking  pic- 
ture. L. 

Christ" s  or  Cris  Cross  Row  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  18.). — 
The  Alphabet.  See  The  Romish  Beehive,  319.: 


"  In  Bacon's  Reliques  of 

A 

Rome,  p.  257.,  describing 

the  hallowing  of  churches, 

B 

among  other  ceremonies 

is  the  following  :  '  There 

C 

must   be   made    in    the 

pavement  of  the  |   D  E  F  G  H   I  K     church  a  crosse 

of  ashes  and  sand  where- 

L 
M 

in  the  whole  Alphabet, 

or  Christ's  Crosse,  shall 

N 

be  written  in  Greek  and 

Latin  letters.' 

O 

"Sir  Thos.  More,    in 

P 

his  Works,  p.  606.  H,  says, 

*  Crosse  Rowe  was  print- 

Q 

ed  on  cards  for  learners.' 

I   first   went    to    school 

R 

at  a  dame's,   and  had  a 

Horn-  Book    (as   it   was 

t 

called),    in    which    was 

the  Alphabet  in  a  form 

V 

something  like  that  here 

given,     and    the     dame 

U 

called  me  and  other  be- 

ginners     to     learn     our 

w 

'  Cris     Cross    Row  :'    at 

that   time  the  term  was 

X 
Y 

used,     that     is,     about 

seventy  years  since." 

Z 

GODDARD  JOHNSON. 

Titles  to  the  Psalms  in  the  Syriac  Version.  — 
MR.  T.  J.  BUCKTON  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  242.)  observes, 
in  reference  to  the  superscription  flJ^a  n^JD^, 
"  For  the  chief  performer  on  the  neginoth,"  that 
"  the  Syriac  and  Arabic  versions  omit  this  super- 
scription altogether,  from  ignorance  of  the  musical 
sense  of  the  words."  And  lower  down  he  speaks 
as  if 
word 


f  mpTO  were  expressed  in  the  Syriac  by  the 
d  "  church."     I  do  not     uestion  the  accurac 


of  MR.  B.'s  renderings  of  the  Hebrew  words,  for 


they  have  been  admitted  for  centuries ;  but  I  wish 
to  observe  that  the  translator  of  the  Syriac  should 
not  be  lightly  charged  with  ignorance  of  Hebrew, 
as  I  can  testify  from  an  extensive  acquaintance 
with  that  venerable  version.  I  therefore  cannot 
allow  that  the  words  were  omitted  by  the  trans- 
lator for  that  reason.  Besides,  whenever  he  found 
a  word  untranslateable,  he  transferred  it  as  it 
was.  Nor  do  I  admit  that  nehiloth,  in  Psalm  v.,  is 
translated  by  the  term  "church."  And  this  leads 
me  to  remark,  what  seems  to  have  been  over- 
looked by  most  writers,  viz.  that  the  Syriac  ver- 
sion omits  uniformly  the  titles  of  the  Psalms  as 
they  are  found  in  Hebrew.*  The  inscriptions 
contained  in  the  common  editions  of  these  Psalms 
form  no  part  of  the  translation.  One  of  them 
refers  to  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  by  Titus ! 
They  are  not  always  the  same.  I  am  acquainted 
with  at  least  three  different  sets  of  these  headings 
contained  in  the  Syriac  MSS.  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. Erpenius  omitted  them  altogether  in  his 
edition  of  the  Psalter,  and  Dathe's  follows  his;  for 
which  very  substantial  reasons  are  given  by  him 
in  the  "  Praaf.  ad  Lect."  of  his  Psalterium  Syria- 
cum,  pp.  36,  37.,  Halse,  1768.  B.  H.  C. 

"  Old  Rowley"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  235.).— The  nick- 
name of  "  Old  Rowley,"  as  applied  to  Charles  II., 
seems  to  be  derived  from  Roland,  and  has  refer- 
ence to  the  proverbial  saying,  "  A  Roland  for  an 
Oliver  ;"  the  former  name  being  given  to  Charles, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  Protector's  name  of 
Oliver.  Roland  and  Oliver  were  two  celebrated 
horses,  or,  as  some  say,  two  pages  of  Charlemagne 
possessing  equal  qualities :  and  hence,  "  I'll  give 
you  a  Roland  for  your  Oliver  "  was  tantamount 
to  "I'll  give  you  as  good  as  you  send."f  N.  L.  J. 

Wooden  Effigies  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  17.).  —  I  beg  to 
refer  your  readers  to  two  figures  which  are  in 
excellent  preservation,  and  I  am  not  aware  that 
they  have  ever  obtained  public  notice.  In  the 
church  at  Boxted,  near  Sudbury,  Suffolk,  which 
is  the  burial-place  of  the  ancient  family  of  Poley 
of  Boxted  Hall,  are,  with  several  other  interesting 
monuments,  the  effigies  of  William  Poley  and 
Alice  Shaa,  his  wife. 

He  is  in  armour,' with  a  beard  ;  and  the  lady  in 
the  dress  of  her  day,  with  a  long  pendant  from 
her  girdle,  having  suspended  a  small  thick  book 
and  the  arms  of  Poley  impaling  Shaa  on  the 
cover.  At  her  feet  a  greyhound  to  fill  up  the 
space,  in  consequence  of  the  lady  being  short,  and 
their  heads  on  the  same  line.  There  is  an  in- 
scription in  relief  on  the  cushion  on  which  the 
lady  rests  her  head,  which  states  that  he  died 
17th  December,  1587,  and  the  lady  March  7, 

*  Except  the  words  "of  David:"  I  am  not  sure 
about  these. 

[f  See  «  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ii.,  p.  132.] 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  237. 


1579.  The  figures  rest  on  a  tomb  of  masonry, 
and  fill  the  recess  of  a  window,  with  iron  railing 
to  protect  them.  They  are  painted  black,  so  that 
the  nature  of  the  wood  is  not  apparent. 

Alice  Shaa  was  the  only  daughter  and  heiress 
of  her  father,  and  the  eldest  son  of  this  William 
and  Alice  was  Sir  John  Poley,  Knt.  (See  Morant's 
Essex,  vol.  i.  pp.  151.  217.  &c.)  11.  A. 

Melford. 

Abbott  Families  (Vol.  ix., 'pp.  105.  &c.).— MR. 
ADAMS  having  very  satisfactorily  afforded  the  re- 
quired information  concerning  Samuel  Abbott,  I 
shall  still  feel  very  greatly  obliged  if  any  other 
gentleman  can  throw  any  light  upon  the  Arch- 
bishop's descendants,  especially  Sir  Maurice's  sons 
and  their  issue.  I  have  in  my  possession  an  old 
will  of  an  ancestress,  sealed  with  the  crest  of 
Bartholomew  Barnes,  of  London,  merchant,  whose 
daughter  was  second  wife  and  mother  to  Sir 
Maurice's  children,  viz.,  Bartholomew,  George, 
Edward,  and  Maurice.  Did  any  of  them  leave  a 
son  called  James,  born  about  1690  or  1700  ? 

I.  T.  ABBOTT. 

Darlington. 


NOTES    ON    BOOKS,    ETC. 

Every  reader  of  the  Archceologia  knows  so  well  the 
great  value  of  the  papers  contained  in  it  (too  few  in 
number)  by  the  Rev.  John  Webb,  that  he  will  be 
sure  that  any  work  edited  by  that  gentleman  will 
be  edited  with  diligence,  intelligence,  and  learning. 
Such  is  the  Roll  of  the  Household  Expenses  of  Richard 
de  Swinfield,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  during  part  of  the 
Years  1289  and  1290,  which  he  has  just  edited  for  the 
Camden  Society,  in  a  manner  every  way  worthy  of  his 
reputation,  which  is  that  of  one  of  the  best  antiquaries 
of  the  day.  The  present  volume  contains  only  the 
Roll,  its  endorsement,  and  an  appendix  of  contempo- 
rary and  explanatory  documents,  the  whole  being 
richly  annotated  by  the  editor.  Another  volume  will 
contain  his  introduction,  glossary,  &c.  On  its  com- 
pletion we  shall  again  call  attention  to  a  work  which 
is  so  creditable  both  to  Mr.  Webb  and  to  the  Camden 
Society. 

The  third  volume  of  the  cheap  and  handsome  library 
edition  of  The  Works  of  Oliver  Goldsmith,  edited  by 
Peter  Cunningham,  F.  S.  A.,  which  forms  a  portion 
of  Murray's  British  Classics,  contains  I.  The  Bee; 
II.  Essays ;  III.  Unacknowledged  Essays ;  and  IV.  His 
Prefaces,  Introductions,  fyc. 

Our  photographic  friends  will  be  glad  to  hear  that  a 
new  edition  of  Professor  Hunt's  Manual  of  Photography 
has  just  been  issued,  in  which  the  author,  besides  in- 
cluding all  the  most  recent  improvements,  the  process 
of  photographic  etching,  &c.,  has  taken  the  oppor- 
tunity of  making  such  alterations  in  the  arrangements 
of  the  several  divisions  of  the  subject,  as  have  enabled 
him  to  place  the  various  phenomena  in  a  clearer  view. 


While  on  the  subject  of  scientific  publications,  we  may 
notice  the  very  able  volume  just  issued  by  Professor 
Beale,  The  Microscope,  and  its  Application  to  Clinical 
Medicine.  Though  addressed  more  particularly  to 
medical  practitioners,  it  contains  so  much  valuable  in- 
struction with  respect  to  the  management  of  the  mi- 
croscope generally,  as  to  render  it  a  valuable  guide  to 
all  who  are  engaged  in  microscopic  investigations. 

Dr.  Latham  will  lecture  on  Thursday  next  at  the 
Beaumont  Institution,  Mile  End  Road,  On  the  various 
FamiUes  of  Mankind  in  the  Russian  and  Turkish  Empires. 
The  Lecture  is  for  the  benefit  of  the  Colet  Schools  of 
the  very  poor  district  of  St.  Thomas,  Stepney. 

BOOKS  RKCEIVED.  —  The  Statistical  Companion  for 
1854,  by  T.  C.  Banfield,  Esq.,  is  a  most  valuable  com- 
pendium of  a  mass  of  statistical  evidence  gathered  from 
Parliamentary  Blue  Books,  and  other  authentic  sources, 
thus  supplying  in  one  small  volume  the  results  of 
many  very  large  ones.  —  Addisorfs  Works,  by  Bishop 
Hard.  Vol.  III.  of  this  cheap  and  neatly-printed 
edition  (which  forms  a  part  of  Bonn's  Series  of  British 
Classics')  contains  Addison's  Papers  from  The  Spectator. 
—  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England,  by  Agnes  Strickland, 
Vol.  V.,  contains  the  Biographies  of  Anne  of  Denmark, 
Henrietta  Maria,  and  Catherine  of  Braganza.—  Poetical 
Works  of  John  Dryden,  edited  by  Robert  Bell,  Vol.  III. 
This  is  the  concluding  volume  of  Dryden  in  Mr.  Bell's 
Annotated  Edition  of  the  English  Poets.  —  Cyclopaedia 
Bibliographica,  Part  XX.  The  first  division  of  this 
most  useful  library  companion  is  fast  drawing  to  a 
close,  the  present  Part  extending  from  Vance  (William 
Ford)  to  Wilcocks  (Thomas). —  The  Retrospective  Re- 
view, No.  VII.,  contains  some  amusing  articles  on 
Ancient  Paris,  Davies  the  Epigrammatist,  the  Turks 
in  the  Seventeenth  Century,  Astrology,  &c. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that" purpose  : 

THE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  ARTS,  MANUFACTURES,  AND  COMMERCE,  or 
a  Description  of  Machines  and  Models,  &c.,  contained  in  the 
Repository  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  &c.  By  William  Bailey, 
Registrar  of  the  Society,  1772. 

A  REGISTER  OF  THE  PREMIUMS  AND  BOUNTIES  GIVEN  BY  THE 
SOCIETY  FOR  THE  ENCOURAGEMENT  OF  ARTS,  MANUFACTURES, 
AND  COMMERCE,  from  the  original  Institution  in  the  year  1754 
to  1776  inclusive.  Printed  for  the  Society  by  James  "Phillips. 
1778. 

Wanted  by  P.  Le  Neve  Foster,  7.  Upper  Grove  Lane,  Camberwell. 

SCOTT'S  POETICAL  WORKS.  8vo.  1830.  Vol.  I.,  or  the  "Minstrelsy," 

of  that  date. 

SOUTHEY'S  BRAZIL.    4to.     Vols.  II.  and  IIF. 
SALA/AR,  HISTOIUA  DE  LA  CONQUISTA  DE  MEXICO.    Fol.   1743  or 

1786. 
PERCY  SOCIETY'S  PUBLICATIONS,  93  and  94.    (II.  will  be  given  for 

them.) 

Wanted  by  J.  R.  Smith,  36.  Soho  Square. 


ESSAYS  AND  SKETCHES  OF  LIFE  AND  CHARACTER,  by  a  Gentleman 
who  recently  left  his  Lodgings.  London,  1820. 

MEMOIR  OF  SHERIDAN,  by  the  late  Professor  Smyth.  Leeds,  1811. 
I2mo. 

Wanted  by  John  Martin,  Librarian,  Woburn  Abbey. 


MAY  13.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


Thf  following  Works  of  Syraon  Patrick,  late  Lord  Bishop  of 
Ely,  &c.  :  — 

SERMON  AT  THE  FUNERAL  OF  MR.  JOHN  SMITH.    1652. 
DIVINE    ARITHMKTIC,  Sermon   at  the  Funeral  of    Mr.   Samuel 

Jacomb,  June  17,  !G,i9. 

ANGLIC  SPKOI-LUM,  Sermon  at  the  Fast,  April  24.  16/8. 
SERMON  \i  Cove  NT  GARDEN,  Advent  Sunday,  1678. 
SERMON  ON  ST.  PETER'S  DAY,  with  enlargements.     1687. 
SERMON  ON  ST.  MARK'S  DAY.     Io86. 
FAST  SERMON   BEFORE  THE  KING  AND   QUEEN,  April   16,  1G90: 

Prov.  xiv.  34. 

EXPOSITION  OF  THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS.     1665. 
DISCOURSE  CONCERNING  PRAYER. 
THE  PILLAR  AND  GROUND  OF  TRUTH.    4to.    1687. 
EXAMINATION  OK  BKLLARMINE'S  SECOND  NOTE  OF  THE  CHURCH, 

viz.,  Antiquity.    4to.     1687. 
EXAMINATION  OF  THE  TEXTS  WHICH  PAPISTS  CITE  OUT  OF  THE 

BIBLE  TO  PROVE  THE  SUPREMACY  OF  ST.  PETER,  &c.     1688. 
ANSWER  TO  A  BOOK  ENTITLED  "  THE  TOUCHSTONE  OF  THE  RE. 

FORMED  GOSPEL."     1G92. 

A  PRIVATE  PRAYER  TO  BE  USED  IN  DIFFICULT  TIMES. 
A   THANKSGIVING    FOR   OUR   LATE    WONDERFUL    DELIVERANCE. 

1689. 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  Alexander  Taylor,  3.  Blomfield  Terrace, 
Paddington. 

ARCHJEOLOGIA,  Numbers  or  Volumes,  from  Vol.  XXV.  to  Vol. 
XXIX.  inclusive. 
Wanted  by  James  Dearden,  Upton  House,  Poole,  Dorset. 

THE  ARTIFICES  AND  IMPOSITIONS  OF  FALSE  TEACHERS,  discovered 

in  a  Visitation  Sermon.    8vo.    London,  1712. 
THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND  NOT  SUPERSTITIOUS  —  showing  what 

Religions  may  justly  be  charged  with  Superstition,  pp.  46,  8vo. 

London,  1714. 
PHYSICA  ARISTOTELICA  MODERNA  ACCOMMODATA  IN  USUM  JUVEN- 

TUTIS  ACADEMICS,  Auctore  Gulielmo  Taswell.  8vo.  Lond.,  1718. 
ANTICHRIST  REVEALED  AMONG  THE  SECT  OF  QUAKERS.     London, 

1723. 
The  above  were  written  by  Wm.  Taswell,  D.D.,  Rector  of 

Newington,  Surrey,  &c. 
MISCELLANEA  SACRA  ;  containing  the  Story  of  D?borah  and  Barak  ; 

David's  Lamentations  over   Saul  and   Jonathan  ;    a  Pindaric 

Poem ;  and  the  Praver  o!"  Solomon  at  the  Dedication  of  the 

Temple,  4to.,  by  E.  Taswell.    London,  1760. 
THE  USEFULNESS  OF  SACRED  Music,  1  Chron.  16.  39.  40.  42.,  by 

Wm.  Taswell,  A.M.,  Rector  of  Wootton-under-Edge,  Glou- 
cestershire.   8vo.     London, 1742. 
COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  WEST  INDIES,  by  the  Hon. 

Littleton  W.  Tazeweil.    London,  1829. 
Wanted  by  E.  Jackson,  3.  Northampton  Place,  Old  Kent  Road. 


LIBER  PRECUM.  15G9. 
LIBER  PRECUM.  1571. 
LIBER  PRECUM.  1660. 
LITURGIA.  1670. 
ETON  PRAYERS.  1705. 
ENCHIRIDION  PRECUM. 
ENCHIRIDION  PRECUM. 
LIBER  PRECUM.  1819. 


Ch.  Ch.  Oxford. 


1707. 
1715. 
Worcester  College,  Oxford. 

Wanted  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Hewett,  Bloxham,  Banbury. 


ta 


BALLIOLENSIS.  We  think  the  article  in  question  has  recently 
been  reprinted.  If  not,  which  we  will  ascertain,  we  shall  be  glad 
to  receive  it. 

G.  B.  A.  is  thanked.    His  reply  has  been  anticipated. 

ABHBA.  For  explanation  of  (he  monogram  of  the  Parker  Society, 
see  Vol.  vii.,  p.  502. 

I.  R.  R.  Embost,  with  hunters,  refers  to  a  deer  that  has  bern  so 
hard  chased  that  she  foams  at  the  mouth.  -  Stound,  in  Spenser, 
is  explained  in  the  glossary,  as  space,  moment,  season,  hour, 
time.  -  Yarke  it  to  make  ready,  or  prepare.  -  Crampette,  in 
Heraldry,  is  the  chape  at  the  bottom  of  the  scabbard  of  a  sword,  to 
prevent  the  point  from  protruding.  It  is  a  badge  borne  b;/  the 
Earl  de  la  Warr.  -  An  Ambry,  in  old  customs,  was  a  place 
where  arms,  plate,  and  vessels  of  domes  tic  use  were  kept  ;  probably 
a  corruption  of  Almonry.  ——  Gispen  ;'*  a  pot  or  cup  made  of 
leather,  •'  gysperi  potte,  pot  de  c.uir,"  Palsgrave.  In  use  at  Win- 
chester School,  according  to  Kennett.  -  The  item  in  the  New- 
castle Accounts,  "  Pafd  for  cowllinge  of  Early  c  Ally  son,  the  fool" 
may  mean,  for  habiting  him  in  a  friar's  cowl.  -  Clito,  or 
Clitones,  soys  Du  Cange,  "  non  modo  Regum  primogenitos,  quod 
vult  Spelmdnus,  sed  universim  filios  omnes,  appellarunt  Anglo- 
Sixones,  tanquam  KXitrovs,  idest,  inclytos,  claros."  -  Sollerets 
are  pieces  of  steel,  which  formed  part  of  the  armour  for  the  feet. 

A  YOUNG  PHOTOGRAPHER  must  clearly  see  (what  we  ought  not 
to  have  to  repeat)  that  tt<e  cannot  recommend  particular  houses 
for  photographic  apparatus.  Our  advertising  columns  furnish  all 
such  Queries  with  ample  Replies. 

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"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art. — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 


JL  TOGRAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 
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DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.  Free  Admission. 

£  s.  d. 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -    1    1    0 

Additional  Copies  (each)  -  -  0  5  0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)      -  -  -  -    3    3    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -  -  -  -    5    5    0 

Miniatures.  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
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in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
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notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
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Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
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PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
1C8.  New  Bond  Street. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton;  cer- 
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Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattiuned  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 
Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photojrra- 

phical  Instrument    Makers,   and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  163.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
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properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holbom  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  237. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
*.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


sq. 

J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 
J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 
J.  B.  White,  Esq. 
J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


H.  E.  Bicknell,  Esq.        T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq.     J.  Hunt,  Es<] 

M.P. 

G.  II.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustees. 
W.Whateley,Esq.,Q.C. ;  George  Drew,  Esq. ; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 
POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
Specimens  of  "Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
IOOL.  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  — 


Age 
17  - 
22  - 
27- 


£  s.  d. 
..  i  i  i    i 

-  1  18    8 

-  2    4    5 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 
-382 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6d.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
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Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
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BANK  OF  DEPOSIT. 

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Established  A.D.  1844. 

INVESTMENT      ACCOUNTS 
may  be  opened  daily,  with  capital  of  any 
amount. 

Interest  payable  in  January  and  July. 

PETER  MORRISON, 

Managing  Director. 

Prospectuses  and  Forms  sent  free  on  appli- 
cation. 


HOPE  LIFE  OFFICE  :  incor- 
porated  under  Act  of  Parliament.    Gua- 
rantee fund  100,OOOZ. 

Life  assurances,  endowments,  annuities,  and 
honesty  guarantee  bonds,  at  moderate  and  just 
premiums. 

By  order, 

H.  C.  EIFFE,  General  Manager. 

4.  Princes  Street,  Bank. 


pHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
safes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  of 
sizes  and  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


'THE   ST.    MARGARET'S   ES- 

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Margaret's,  opposite  Richmond  Gardens,  may 
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and  5  o'clock  (Sundays  exceptcd),  by  cards 
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Offices,  33.  Norfolk  Street,  Strand, 
April  15, 1854. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Pamily. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 

THE  HAIR  RESTORED  AND  GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
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dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
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Bottles,  2s.  6(1. ;  double  size,  4s.  firl.  •.  7s.  %d. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small:  2ls.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 
BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
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inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  6(/.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  30  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street; 
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&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
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Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
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A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

±\.  ALE.  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
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DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
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GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
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"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


LIBRARY  OF  VALUABLE  BOOKS. 

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week  previous  to  the  Sale. 


H.     HART,     RECORD 


I V  •  AGENT  and  LEGAL  ANTIQUA- 
RIAN (who  is  in  the  possession  of  Indices  to 
manjr  of  the  early  Public  Records  whereby  his 
Inquiries  are  greatly  facilitated)  begs  to  inform 
Authors  and  Gentlemen  engaged  in  Antiqua- 
rian or  Literary  Pursuits,  that  lie  is  prepared 
to  undertake  searches  among  the  Public  Re- 
cords, MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  Ancient 
Wills,  or  other  Depositories  of  a  similar  Na- 
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I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
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MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
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with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
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kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S       MODEL 

I  )  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
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Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
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BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
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TT] 

Bedding 
TRESS 


EAL     &     SON'S      SPRING 

MATTRESSES. -The  most  durable 
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the  different  sizes  and  qualities,  apply  for 
HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATA- 
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prices  of  upwards  of  100  Bedsteads,  and  prices 
of  every  description  of  Bedding,  and  is  sent 
free  by  Post. 
HEAL  &  SON,  196.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  cf 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEOKOE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunatan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.- Saturday,  May  13.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  238.] 


SATURDAY,  MAY  20.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 

I  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES:-  Page 

A.  Leader  from  a  Foreign  Newspaper  : 

the  New  Russian  Manifesto  -  -  463 

The  Launch  of  the  "  Prince  Royal"  in 

1610  -  -  -  -  -  461 

"Notes  and  Queries  on  the  Ormulum, 

by  Dr.  Monicke "  -  -  -  465 

The  Legend  of  the  Seven  Sisters  -  465 

MINOR  NOTES:  —  Coincidences  —  The 
English  Liturgy  —  "  To  jump  for  joy  " 

—  "What  is  Truth ?"  — Abolition  of 
Government  Patronage  -  466 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  -  "  One  New  Year's 
Day" — Greek  denounced  by  the  Monks 
—Pliny's  Dentistry  —  J.  Farrington, 
R.A.  —Henry  Crewkerne  of  Exeter— 
Dr.  Johnson— Latin  "  Dante  "—  Ralph 
Bosvill,  of  Bradbourn,  Kent  —  Major- 
General  Wolfe— Custom  at  University 
College,  Oxford—  "  Old  Dominion  "  — 
"  Wise  men  labour,"  £c.  -  -  467 

MmoR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Dame  Hester  Temple— Samuel  White 

—  Heralds' College  — Pope       -          -    468 

HJ.PI.IKS  :  — 

Blanco  White's  Sonnet,  by  S.  W.  Singer    469 
Goloshes       -  -  -  -  -    470 

Consonants    in     Welsh,    by    Thomas 

O'Cofley,  &c.  -          -          -    471 

Songs  of  Degrees  (Ascents),  by  T.  J. 
Buckton  -----  473 

The  Screw  Propeller         -          -          -  473 

Amontillado  Sherry          -          -          -  474 

Recent  Curiosities  of  Literature  -  47o 

Pvoland  the  Brave,  by  F.  M.  Middleton, 

&c. 475 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCB  :  — 
Recovery  of  Silver  -  -  -  476 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Ashes  of 
"  Lignites  "-Old  Rowley-"  Bachelors 
of  every  Station  "— Mousehunt-  Value 
of  Money  in  the  Seventeenth  Century 

—  Grammars   for    Public   Schools  — 
Classic  Authors  and  the  Jews— Hand- 
bells at  Funerals  —  "  Warple-way  "  — 
Medal   of    Chevalier    St.    George  — 
Shakspeare's  Inheritance—  Cassock  — 
Tailless    Cats  _  Names  of  Slaves  — 
Heraldic  —  Solar  Annual  Eclipse  of 
12G3-Brissot  de  Warville-"Le  Com- 
p&re  Mathieu  "-Etymology  of  "Awk- 
ward" —  Life  and  Death  —  Shelley's 

Prometheus  Unbound  "  —  "  Three 
Crowns  and  a  Sugar-loaf—Stanza  in 

Childe  Harold  "—  Errors  in  Punctu- 
ation _  Waugh  of  Cumberland  — 

Lould  we  with  ink,"  &c.        -          -    477 


Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted         -    482 
Notices  to  Correspondents  -          -    483 


VOL.  IX — No.  238 


Now  ready,  No.  VII.  (for  May),  price  2s.  6d., 
published  Quarterly. 

"RETROSPECTIVE   BE  VIEW 

JL.li  (New  Series) ;  consisting  of  Criticisms 
upon,  Analyses  of,  and  Extracts  from,  Curious, 
Useful,  Valuable,  and  Scarce  Old  Books. 

Vol.  I.,  8vo.,  pp.  436,  cloth  10s.  6d.,  is  also 
ready. 

JOHN  RUSSELL  SMITH,  36.  Soho  Square, 
London. 


XfO.  IT.    of  JOHN    RUSSELL 

ll     SMITH'S  OLD  BOOK  CIRCULAR  is 

published  this  Day ;  containing  1200  Choice, 
Useful,  and  Curious  Books  at  very  moderate 
prices.  It  may  be  had  Gratis  on  application, 
or  sent  by  Post  on  Receipt  of  a  postage  label  to 
frank  it. 


J.  R.  SMITH,  36.  Soho  Square,  London. 


This  Day,  fcp.  8vo.,  5s. 

•PIANTE'S  DIVINE  COMEDY. 

LJ  —The  First  Part.  — Hell.  Translated 
in  the  Metre  of  the  Original,  with  Notes,  by 
THOMAS  BROOKSBANK,  M.  A.,  Cambridge. 

London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
West  Strand. 


This  Day,  8vo.,  Is. 

A    DIALOGUE  ON  THE  PLU- 

J\.    RALITY  OF  WORLDS  ;  being  a  Sup- 
plement to  the  Essay  on  that  Subject. 

Also,  8vo.,  8s. 

OF    THE    PLURALITY    OF 

WORLDS :  An  Essay. 

London :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238, 


CHURCH  REFORM  LEAGUE. 

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flHURCH    REFORM.— Every 


\JrlU  Jv^jrL  i\Hir  v^rxirj.  \jfr\.nm  A  JL-I^,  »vxyv^«- 

an  immediate  Reformation  in  the  Church. 

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gRASTIANISM    AND    THE 
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TT 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  20,  1854. 


A    LEADER    FROM     A    FOREIGN    NEWSPAPER  :      THE 
NEW   RUSSIAN    MANIFESTO. 

Mention  was  recently  made,  In  Vol.  ix.,  p.  218., 
of  the  valuable  character  of  many  of  the  leading 
articles  in  the  continental  journals,  and  a  wish 
expressed  that  translations  of  them  were  more 
frequently  communicated  in  our  own  papers  to 
English  readers.  The  great  newspapers  of  this 
country  are  too  rich  in  varied  talent  and  world- 
wide resources  of  their  own,  to  make  it  worth 
their  while  in  ordinary  times  to  pay  much  atten- 
tion to  information  and  disquisition  from  foreign 
politicians,  on  subjects  of  the  day ;  but  the  in- 
finite importance  to  England,  and  to  the  world,  of 
the  present  warlike  struggle,  renders  it  a  matter 
of  corresponding  weight  to  know  how  far  the 
foreign  press,  in  the  great  centres  of  movement 
and  intelligence,  stand  affected  to  Great  Britain. 
Perhaps,  therefore,  as  a  specimen  of  this  kind  of 
writing,  you  will  for  once  admit,  among  your 
varied  contents,  the  following  article  from  the 
Kolnische  Zeitung  of  May  4 : 

"  While  in  England,  as  a  preparation  for  war,  a  day 
of  humiliation  and  prayer  is  held,  on  which  the  Clergy 
exhort  the  people  to  look  into  their  own  breasts,  and 
to  discover  and  forsake  those  sins  which  might  provoke 
God's  punishments ;  while  the  most  powerful  nation 
of  the  world  commences  war  by  humbling  itself  before 
God,  on  the  part  of  Russia  a  new  manifesto  appears, 
the  arrogance  of  which  can  scarcely  be  exceeded  by  any- 
thing human.  The  Czar  speaks  as  if  he  were  the 
representative  of  God  upon  earth.  His  affair  is  God's 
affair.  He  carries  on  war  for  God,  and  for  His  only 
begotten  Son,  Jesus  Christ,  our  Saviour.  God  is  for 
him,  who  can  be  against  him ! 

"  Such  a  document  has  not  proceeded  from  the 
cabinet  of  any  European  power  since  the  Middle  Ages. 
It  exceeds  all  which  even  Russian  diplomacy  has  ac- 
complished, in  its  zeal  for  Christianity,  during  the 
last  century.  For  it  is  worthy  of  notice  that  nowhere 
is  religion  so  much  publicly  talked  about,  as  in  the 
place  where  least  of  it  remains,  among  the  higher 
classes  in  St.  Petersburg!!.  Religion  there  is  inter 
instrumenta  regnL  When  Catherine  II.  permitted  her 
husband  Peter  III.  to  be  imprisoned,  in  order  to  rob 
him  of  his  throne  and  life,  the  cause  of  this  was  com- 
municated to  the  Russian  people  on  July  9,  1762,  as 
follows :  — '  First  of  all,  the  foundation  of  your  orthodox 
Greek  religion  has  been  shaken,  and  its  principles  are 
drawing  near  to  a  total  overthrow  ;  so  that  we  ought 
to  dread  exceedingly  lest  we  should  see  a  change  in 
the  true  ruling  faith  transmitted  from  antiquity  in 
Russia,  and  a  foreign  religion  introduced.'  So  wrote 

atherine  II.,  'the  greatest  of  the  queens,  and  of 
— ,'  the  friend  of  Voltaire,  the  greatest  lady- 

icthinker  of  her  age.  But  she  wrote  still  farther  :  — 
•  Secondly,  the  honour  of  Russia  as  a  state,  which  has 


been  brought  to  the  highest  pinnacle  of  her  victorious 
arms  with  the  loss  of  so  much  blood,  is  actually  trodden 
under  foot  through  the  newly-concluded  peace  with  her 
bitterest  enemy.'  And  who  is  this  bitterest  enemy  of 
the  orthodox  Russia?  The  King  of  Prussia,  Fre- 
derick II.  !  Yes,  the  King  of  Prussia  was  once  de- 
clared to  be  the  bitterest  enemy  of  orthodox  Russia ; 
and  nothing  stands  in  the  way  but  at  some  future  time 
he  may  again  be  declared  to  be  so,  just  as  at  the  de- 
cree of  the  incorporation  of  the  provinces  of  Preutzen 
and  Posen.  The  politicians  of  St.  Petersburgh  know- 
that  the  Russian  people,  living  on  in  animal  dulness,  are 
susceptible  of  no  other  intellectual  impression  except 
a  religious  one  ;  and  so,  without  reflection,  the  cross  is 
torn  from  the  high  altar,  and  used  as  a  military  signal. 
Religion  was  employed  as  a  pretext,  in  order  to  lead 
the  unhappy  Poles  step  by  step  into  ruin  ;  and  Russia 
was  just  so  employed  in  Turkey,  when  the  'heathen' 
undertook  to  disturb  her  in  her  Christian  work.  Rise 
up,  therefore,  orthodox  nation,  and  fight  for  the  true 
Christian  faith  ! 

"  We  know  not  whether  such  a  manifesto  is  suffi- 
cient to  lead  the  Russians  willingly,  like  a  devoutly 
believing  flock,  in  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ,  to  the 
battle-field ;  and  to  perish  in  a  war  projected  for  a 
worldly  purpose,  to  obtain  the  inheritance  of  the  '  sick 
man.'  But  we  do  know  that  the  manifesto  will  make 
no  one  believe  throughout  civilised  Europe  in  Russia's 
holy  views.  Nations  which  have  learned  to  think, 
cannot  help  immediately  perceiving  the  contradiction 
which  prevails  in  this  manifesto.  First  of  all  the 
struggle  is  represented  as  religious,  and  immediately 
after  as  political.  '  England  and  France,'  it  says, 
1  make  war  on  Russia,  in  order  to  deprive  her  of  a 
part  of  her  territory.'  The  only  logical  connexion 
between  the  two  modes  of  statement  consists  in  the 
words  —  'their  object  is  to  cause  our  fatherland  to  de- 
scend from  the  powerful  position  to  which  the  hand  of 
the  Almighty  has  raised  it.'  And  thereupon  is  men- 
tioned '  the  holy  purpose  which  has  been  assigned  to 
Russia  by  divine  providence.'  And  this  holy  purpose 
has  been  no  secret  for  a  long  time.  '  According  to  the 
design  of  providence,'  wrote  Peter  the  Great,  'the 
Russian  people  are  called  to  universal  dominion  over 
Europe  for  the  future.' 

"  Such  a  future  cannot  longer  be  averted  from 
Europe,  except  by  common  efforts.  Prussia  has  come 
to  an  understanding,  as  to  the  object  in  view,  with  the 
other  powers  ;  and  when  an  object  or  purpose  is  sought 
to  be  attained,  the  means  must  also  be  provided.  To 
make  an  impression  by  words  and  peaceful  means,  is 
quite  out  of  the  question,  after  this  imperial  pastoral 
letter,  which  proclaims  war  in  the  name  of  God  and  of 
Jesus  Christ.  Force  can  only  be  repelled  by  force. 
It  was  not  our  wish  to  compel  our  government  pre- 
maturely. With  reference  to  Prussia's  position,  the 
warlike  interference  of  our  troops  was  not  desired  until 
England  and  France  had  concluded  a  firm  alliance  be- 
tween themselves,  and  with  Turkey ;  and  had  com- 
menced the  war  in  earnest.  Now,  when  all  this  has 
taken  place,  and  the  thunder  of  cannon  is  roaring  over 
sea  and  land  ;  now,  when  Austria,  which  conceals  within 
herself  so  many  more  dangers,  prepares,  with  manly 
determination,  to  advance ;  what  excuse  can  Prussia 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  238. 


have,  called  upon  by  right  to  the  leadership ;  what 
excuse  can  she  make  to  herself  for  remaining  behind  ? 
In  the  Vienna  protocol  of  April  9,  Prussia  has  pledged 
herself,  beyond  what  we  could  have  dared  to  hope, 
towards  the  Western  Powers :  in  the  treaty  with 
Austria  of  April  20,  Prussia  has  bound  herself,  in  cer- 
tain eventualities  that  may  occur  at  any  moment,  to  a 
warlike  support  of  Austria.  Is  it  not,  therefore,  high 
time  for  Prussia  to  arouse  herself  from  her  lethargy, 
in  order  to  undertake  the  support  contracted  for  by 
treatv  ?  If  history  teaches  anywhere  an  evident  lesson, 
Prussia  will  find  it  in  her  own  past  history.  Once 
before  Prussia  promised  to  help  Austria,  and  was  not 
able  to  perform  her  engagement.  All  the  misfortune 
by  which  we  were  attacked  in  1806  is  to  be  ascribed 
to  Prussia  not  having  completed  her  preparations  in 
1805,  and  to  her  not  appearing  in  the  field  before  the 
battle  of  Austerlitz.  It  was  reported  lately  to  be  the 
saying  of  a  brave  general,  that  when  he  heard  the 
enemies'  batteries  firing,  it  always  seemed  to  him  that 
he  heard  his  ovrn  name  called  out.  Does  not  Prussia 
also  hear  her  own  name  loudly  pronounced,  in  those 
cannon-shots  fired  off  in  the  Baltic  and  Black  Sea  for 
the  public  law  of  nations  by  Europe's  brave  champions  ? 
By  what  means  did  the  great  Elector  establish  the 
honour  of  the  Prussian  name,  except  by  bravely  taking 
the  field,  as  a  model  of  German  princes,  against  the 
superior  force  of  Louis  XIV.  ?  The  policy,  to  which 
the  Prussian  government  has  again  pledged  itself,  will 
be  unanimously  approved  of  by  the  Prussian  people. 
The  abuse  which  Russia  has  made  of  the  name  of 
Religion  can  deceive  none,  but  such  as  are  willing  to 
be  deceived.  Catholic  Christendom,  with  the  Pope 
and  the  dignitaries  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  England 
and  France  at  its  head,  have  declared  which  side  in 
this  struggle  is  right,  and  which  is  wrong  ;  and  Righte- 
ousness is  God's  earthly  name !  Not  less  have  the 
noblest  and  most  pious  Protestants  loudly  raised  their 
voices  as  witnesses  to  the  truth,  and  against  the  com- 
mon oppressor  of  every  Christian  church,  even  his  own  ; 
Religion,  called  upon  for  aid,  denies  it  to  Russia ;  and 
political  science  has  long  since  pronounced  her  judg- 
ment, that  Russia's  superiority  must  be  put  an  end  to 
by  a  general  opposition.  If  Prussia  would  but  seize 
the  opportunity,  and  proceed  in  the  same  path  with 
Austria,  Russia's  ambition  might  be  tamed  by  united 
Europe  in  one  successful  campaign.  Now  is  the 
favourable  moment  for  Prussia ;  and  if  it  is  not  taken 
advantage  of,  generations  unborn  may  have  cause  to 
rue  it." 

ALPHA. 


THE   LAUNCH   OP   THE    "  PRINCE    ROYAL"   IN    1610. 

October  20, 1608,  Mr.  Phineas  Pette  commenced 
the  "  Prince  Royal,"  which  was  launched  in  1610. 
The  keel  of  this  "  most  goodly  shippe  for  warre  " 
was  1 14  feet  long,  and  the  cross-beam  44  feet  in 
length,  and  she  carried  three  score  and  four  pieces 
of  great  ordnance,  and  was  of  the  burden  of  1400 
tons.  On  the  8th  of  May,  1609,  the  king  pre- 
sided at  the  trial  of  Pette  at  Woolwich  for  insuf- 


ficiency, during  which  Pette  sat  on  his  knees, 
"  baited  by  the  great  lord  (Northampton)  and  his 
bandogs;"  and  after  the  ship  had  been  inspected 
by  the  king  and  his  party,  Mr.  Pette  was  acquitted 
of  the  charges  brought  against  him.  The  prince 
visited  the  ship  on  the  30th  of  January,  1609, 
25th  of  April,  18th  of  June,  and  again  the  follow- 
ing day,  with  the  king,  and  on  the  24th  of  Sep- 
tember it  was  launched.  It  is  stated  that  the 
garnishing  of  the  ship  began  between  Easter  and 
Michaelmas,  and  that  the  number  of  nobles, 
gentry,  and  citizens,  resorting  continually  to 
Woolwich  to  see  it,  was  incredible.  On  the  9th 
of  September,  divers  London  maids,  with  a  little 
boy  with  them,  visited  the  ship ;  the  boy  fell  down 
into  the  hold,  and  died  the  same  night  from  the 
effects  of  his  fall,  being  the  first  accident  during 
the  building.  About  the  middle  of  the  month,  the 
ship  being  ready  to  be  placed  on  the  ways,  twelve 
choice  master  carpenters  of  his  Majesty's  navy 
were  sent  for  from  Chatham  to  assist  in  "  her 
striking  and  launching;"  on  the  18th  she  was 
safely  set  upon  her  ways,  and  on  the  26th  was 
visited  by  the  French  ambassador.  Preparations 
were  made  in  the  yard  for  the  reception  of  the 
king,  queen,  royal  children,  ladies,  and  the 
council ;  and  on  the  evening  of  the  23rd,  a  mes- 
senger was  sent  from  Theobalds,  desiring  the  ship 
to  be  searched,  lest  any  disaffected  persons  might 
have  bored  holes  privily  in  her  bottom.  On 
Monday  24th,  the  dock  gates  were  opened ;  but  the 
wind  blowing  hard  from  the  south-west,  it  proved 
a  very  bad  tide.  The  king  came  from  Theobalds, 
though  he  had  been  very  little  at  ease  with  a 
scouring,  taken  with  surfeiting  by  eating  grapes, 
the  prince  and  most  of  the  lords  of  the  council 
attending  him.  The  queen  arrived  after  dinner, 
and  the  lord  admiral  gave  commandment  to  heave 
taught  the  crabs  and  screws,  though  Pette  says  he 
had  little  hope  to  launch  by  reason  the  wind  over- 
blew the  tide;  "yet  the  ship  started  and  had 
launched,  but  the  dock  gates  pent  her  in  so 
straight,  that  she  stuck  fast  between  them,  by 
reason  the  ship  was  nothing  lifted  by  the  tide,  as 
we  expected  she  would  ;  and  the  great  lighter,  by 
unadvised  counsel,  being  cut  off  the  stern,  the 
ship  settled  so  hard  upon  the  ground,  that  there 
was  no  possibility  of  launching  that  tide  ;  besides 
which  there  was  such  a  multitude  of  people  got 
into  the  ship,  that  one  could  scarce  stir  by 
another." 

"  The  king  was  much  grieved  at  the  frustrate  of 
his  expectation,"  and  returned  to  Greenwich  at 
five  o'clock  with  the  queen  and  her  train  ;  the 
prince  staid  a  good  while  after  conferring  with 
the  lord  admiral  and  Mr.  Pette,  and  then  rode  off 
to  Greenwich,  with  a  promise  to  return  shortly 
after  midnight.  The  night  was  moonlight,  but 
shortly  after  midnight  became  very  stormy,  which 
Mr.  Pette  says  made  him  "  doubt  that  there  were 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


465 


some  indirect  working  among  our  enemies  to  dash 
our  launching." 

The  prince  however  arrived  at  the  yard,  went 
on  board  a  little  before  two  a.  m.,  when  the  word 
being  given  to  get  all  taught,  the  ship  went  away 
without  any  straining  of  screws  or  tackles,  till  she 
came  clear  afloat  in  the  middle  of  the  channel. 
He  then  describes  the  christening  of  her  by  the 
prince,  by  the  name  of  the  "  Prince  Royal " ;  and 
while  warping  to  her  mooring,  his  royal  highness 
went  down  to  the  platform  of  the  cock-room, 
where  the  ship's  beer  stood  for  ordinary  company, 
and  there  finding  an  old  can  without  a  lid,  drew 
it  full  of  beer  himself,  and  drank  it  off  to  the  lord 
admiral,  and  caused  him  with  the  rest  of  the  at- 
tendants to  do  the  like.  The  hawsers  laid  ashore 
for  landfasts  had  been  treacherously  cut,  but  with- 
out doing  any  injury  to  the  ship.  The  prince  left 
for  Greenwich  at  nine  a.m.  J.  H.  P. 


'NOTES  AND  QUERIES  ON  THE  ORMULUM,  BY  DR. 
MONICKE"  (Programm  der  Handels-Lehranstalt 
zu  Leipzig,  1853). 

^  Under  the  above  title,  Dr.  Monicke  has  pub- 
lished what  are  considered  by  a  foreign  critic 
some  valuable  observations  on  the  admirable 
Oxford  edition  (by  Dr.  Meadows  White)  of  The 
Ormulum,  an  Anglo-Saxon  work,  now  first  edited 
from  the  original  MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
The  attention  of  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  who 
are  occupied  in  the  study  of  the  Anglo-Saxon, 
with  its  cognate  dialects,  and  direct  descendant, 
will  be  doubly  attracted  by  a  title  with  which  they 
are  so  familiar,  and  which  is  associated  with  some 
of  the  happiest  and  most  peaceful  moments  of 
their  life.  The  title  of  the  Essay  (which  I  have 
not  yet  seen,  and  which  appears  to  be  written  in 
English)  seems  to  be  entirely  the  choice  of  the 
author,  and  must  be  somewhat  flattering  to  the 
Editor  of  the  original  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  M. 

Oxford. 


[We  have  received,  with  something  like  a  sense  of 
neglected  duty,  this  notice  of  The  Ormulum,  now  first 
edited  from  the  Original  Manuscript  in  the  Bodleian  ; 
with  Notes  and  a  Glossary  by  Robert  Meadows  White, 
D.D.,  late  Fellow  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene  College,  and 
formerly  Professor  of  Anglo-  Saxon  in  the  University  of 
Oxford,  2  vols.  8vo.  The  fact  is,  we  have  long  in- 
tended to  call  attention  to  this  book,  alike  creditable 
to  the  scholastic  acquirements  of  Dr.  White,  and  to 
the  authorities  of  the  Oxford  press;  but  have  from 
week  to  week  postponed  doing  so,  that  we  might  enter 
at  some  length  into  the  history  of  The  Ormulum,  and 
a  notice  of  the  labour  of  its  editor.  In  the  mean  time 
Dr.  White's  labours  have  received  from  foreign  scholars 
that  recognition  which  his  countrymen  have  been  too 
tardy  in  offering ED."  N.  &  Q."] 


THE    LEGEND    OF    THE    SEVEN    SISTERS. 

Will  the  Editor  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  or  any  of  his  cor- 
respondents, kindly  inform  me  of  the  true  circum- 
stances from  which  the  following  legend  has  sprung? 
The  locality  which  was  the  scene  of  the  tragedy  is 
the  little  village  of  Ballybunion,  situated  within  a 
few  miles  of  Kerry  Head.  The  scenery  around 
is  of  the  wildest  and  most  striking  description. 
Frowning,  rugged  cliffs,  rising  abruptly  out  of  the 
water  to  the  height  of  over  one  hundred  feet,  and 
perforated  with  numerous  caves,  into  which  the 
ocean  rushes  with  fearful  fury  in  winter, — for  it  is  a 
stormy  coast,  and  rarely  does  a  month  pass  without 
beholding  some  dead,  putrified  body  washed  ashore ; 
while  inland,  a  barren,  uncultivated  plain,  con- 
sisting mostly  of  bog,  stretches  away  to  nearly  the 
foot  of  the  Reeks,  which,  looming  in  the  distance, 
seem  to  rear  their  giant  masses  even  to  the  sky, 
and  form,  as  it  were,  an  impenetrable  barrier  be- 
tween the  coast  and  the  interior.  On  the  brink  of 
one  of  those  precipices  we  have  mentioned,  there 
stands  the  ruins  of  a  castle,  seemingly  of  great 
antiquity.  Nothing  now  remains  but  the  basement 
storey,  and  that  seems  as  if  it  would  be  able  to 
withstand  the  war  of  winds  and  waves  for  hundreds 
of  years  longer.  According  to  the  legend,  this 
castle  was  inhabited  by  a  gallant  chieftain  at  the 
period  of  the  incursions  of  the  Danes,  and  who  was 
the  father  of  seven  blooming  daughters.  He  was 
himself  a  brave  warrior,  animated  with  the  greatest 
hatred  against  the  Ostmen,  who,  at  that  period, 
were  laying  every  part  of  Erin  waste.  His  sword 
never  rested  in  its  sheath,  and  day  and  night  his 
light  gallies  cruised  about  the  coast  on  the  watch 
for  any  piratical  marauder  who  might  turn  his 
prow  thither.  One  day  a  sail  was  observed  on  the 
horizon ;  it  came  nearer  and  nearer,  and  the  pirate 
standard  was  distinguished  waving  from  its  mast- 
head. Immediately  surrounded  by  the  Irish  ships, 
it  was  captured  after  a  desperate  resistance.  Those 
that  remained  of  the  crew  were  slaughtered  and 
thrown  into  the  sea,  with  the  exception  of  the 
captain  and  his  six  brothers,  who  were  reserved 
for  a  more  painful  death.  Conveyed  to  the  fortress, 
their  wounds  were  dressed,  and  they  were  allowed 
the  free  range  of  the  castle.  Here,  gradually  a 
love  sprung  between  them  and  the  seven  Irish 
maidens,  who  yielded  to  their  ardent  protestations, 
and  agreed  to  fly  with  them  to  Denmark.  Every- 
thing was  arranged  for  the  voyage,  and  one  fear- 
fully stormy  night  in  winter  was  chosen  for  the 
attempt.  Not  a  single  star  shone  in  the  sky,  the 
cold  blast  came  sweeping  from  the  ocean,  the  rain 
fell  in  torrents,  and  the  water  roared  and  raged 
with  terrific  violence  amid  the  rocky  caverns. 
Escaping  down  from  the  battlement  by  a  rope- 
ladder,  they  discovered  to  their  horror,  that  on 
reaching  the  ground  they  were  surrounded  by 
armed  men.  Not  a  word  was  uttered ;  but  they 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


well  knew  into  whose  hands  they  had  fallen.  Con- 
ducted again  within  the  fortress,  they  found  them- 
selves face  to  face  with  their  injured  father.  One 
deadly  glance  of  hatred  he  cast  on  the  prisoners, 
and,  muttering  some  few  words  to  one  of  his  at- 
tendants, he  pointed  towards  his  daughters.  The 
man,  on  receiving  the  command,  recoiled  a  few- 
paces,  transfixed  with  horror;  and  then  he  advanced 
nearer,  and  seemed  as  if  remonstrating  with  him. 
But  the  parent's  face  assumed  an  absolutely  de- 
moniac expression  ;  and  more  peremptorily  repeat- 
ing his  order,  he  stalked  out  of  the  room.  And 
now  commenced  a  fearful  scene.  The  lovers  were 
torn  from  each  other's  arms,  and  the  women  were 
brought  forth  again.  The  storm  had  grown  more 
violent,  and  the  spray  was  dashing  far  over  the 
cliff,  whilst  the  vivid  flashes  of  lightning  afforded 
a  horrible  illumination  to  the  dreary  scene.  Pro- 
ceeding along  the  brink  of  the  precipice,  they  at 
length  came  to  a  chasm  which  resembled  somewhat 
the  crater  of  a  volcano,  as  it  was  completely  closed, 
with  the  exception  of  the  opening  at  the  top,  and 
one  small  aperture  below,  through  which  the  sea 
rushed  with  terrible  violence.  The  rolling  of  the 
waters  sounded  fearfully  on  the  ear  of  those  around, 
and  now  at  length  the  sisters  divined  their  fate. 
One  by  one  they  were  hurled  into  the  boiling  flood  : 
one  wild  shriek,  the  billows  closed  again,  and  all 
was  over.  What  the  fate  of  their  lovers  was,  the 
legend  says  not.  The  old  castle  has  crumbled  into 
ruins  —  the  chieftain  sleeps  in  an  unknown  grave, 
his  very  name  forgotten  ;  but  still  the  sad  ending 
of  the  maidens  is  remembered,  and  even  unto  this 
day  the  cavern  is  denominated  the  "  Cave  of  the 
Seven  Sisters."  Such  is  the  above  legend  as  it 
still  exists  amongst  the  peasantry,  and  any  of  your 
contributors  would  extremely  oblige  by  informing 
me  of  the  name  of  the  Irish  leader. 

GEORGE  OF  MUNSTER. 
Queen's  College,  Cork. 


Coincidences.  — 

"  Jejunus  raro  stomachus  vulgaria  temnit." 

Hor.   Sat.  2.  *• 
"•A  hungry  dog  eats  dirty  pudding." 

"  Dum  vitant  stulti  vitia,  in  contraria  currunt." 

Hor.  Sat.  1. 
"  He  misses  one  post,  and  runs  his  head  against  t'other." 

"  XeAiScbp  eap  ov  iroie?." —  Arist.  Eth.,  {.  7. 
"  One  swallow  don't  make  a  summer." 

J.  H.  B. 

The  English  Liturgy. — 

"  It  is  deserving  of  notice,  that  although  Dr.  Beattie 
had  heen  brought  up  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Scotland,  and  regularly  attended  her  wor- 


ship and  ordinances  when  at  Aberdeen,  he  yet  gave 
the  most  decided  preference  to  the  Church  of  England, 
generally  attending  the  service  of  that  Church  when 
anywhere  from  home,  and  constantly  when  at  Peter- 
head.  He  spoke  with  enthusiasm  of  the  beauty,  sim- 
plicity, and  energy  of  the  English  Liturgy,  especially 
of  the  Litany,  which  he  declared  to  be  the  finest  piece 
of  uninspired  composition  in  any  language."  —  Life  of 
Dr.  Beattie,  by  Sir  W.  Forbes,  Bart.,  vol.  iii.  p.  168. 
note. 

J.  M. 
Oxford. 

"  To  jump  for  joy"  —  This  expression,  now  most 
often  used  figuratively,  was  probably  in  the  olden 
time  a  plain  and  literal  description  of  an  actual 
fact.  The  Anglo-Norman  Poem  on  the  Conquest 
of  Ireland  by  Henry  II.,  descriptive  of  events 
which  occurred  at  the  close  of  the  twelfth  century, 
informs  us  (at  p.  53.)  that  one  of  the  English 
knights,  named  Maurice  de  Prendergast,  being 
desirous  of  returning  with  his  followers  to  Wales, 
was  impeded  in  his  march  by  "les  traitres  de 
Weyseford;"  and  that  this  so  much  provoked 
him,  that  he  tendered  his  services  to  the  King  of 
Ossory,  who  — 

"  De  la  novele  esteit  heistez,  ] 
E  de  joie  saili  a  pes." 

I  This   expressi6n,   "saili  a  pes,"   is  translated  in 

'  the  Glossary  "rose  upon  feet;"    but   the  more 

correct  rendering  of  it  appears  to  me  to  be  that  of 

jumping  or  dancing  for  joy.  JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 

Dublin. 

"  What  is  Truth?"— Bacon  begins  his  "Essay 
of  Truth"  (which  is  dated  1625)  with  these  words : 

"  What  is  truth  ?  said  jesting  Pilate,  and  would  not 
stay  for  an  answer.  Certainly,  there  be  that  delight 
in  giddiness,  and  count  it  a  bondage  to  fix  a  belief; 
affecting  freewill  in  thinking,  as  well  as  in  acting." 

There  is  a  similar  passage  in  Bishop  Andrews's 
sermon  Of  the  Resurrection,  preached  in  1613  : 

"  Pilate  asked,  Quid  est  veritas  9  And  then  some 
other  matter  took  him  in  the  head,  and  so  up  he  rose, 
and  went  his  way,  before  he  had  his  answer ;  he  de- 
served never  to  find  what  truth  was.  And  such  is  our 
seeking  mostwhat,  seldom  or  never  seriously,  but  some 
question  that  comes  cross  our  brain  for  the  present, 
some  quid  est  veritas  ?  So  sought  as  if  that  we  sought 
were  as  good  lost  as  found.  Yet  this  we  would  fain 
have  so  for  seeking,  but  it  will  not  be." 

Perhaps  Bacon  heard  the  bishop  preach  (t 
sermon  was  at  Whitehall)  ;  and  if  so,  the  passage 
in  Andrews  will  explain  the  word  "jesting"  to 
mean,  not  scoffing,  but  asking  without  serious  pur- 
pose of  acquiring  information'.  J.  A.  H. 

Abolition  of  Government  Patronage. — The  fol- 
lowing passage,  from  Dr.  Middleton's  Dedication 
of  the  Life  of  Cicero  to  Lord  Keeper  Hervey,  is 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


467 


interesting  as  showing  the  enlightened  sentiments 
of  an  eminent  scholar  a  hundred  years  ago  when 
addressing  a  minister  of  the  crown  : 

"  Human  nature  lias  ever  been  the  same  in  all  ages 
and  nations,  and  owes  the  difference  of  its  improve- 
ments to  a  difference  only  of  culture,  and  of  the  re- 
wards proposed  to  its  industry ;  where  these  are  the 
most  amply  provided,  there  we  shall  always  find  the 
most  numerous  and  shining  examples  of  human  per- 
fection. In  old  Rome,  the  public  honours  were  laid 
open  to  the  virtue  of  every  citizen ;  which,  by  raising 
them  in  their  turns  to  the  command  of  that  mighty 
empire,  produced  a  race  of  nobles  superior  even  to 
Icings.  This  was  a  prospect  that  filled  the  soul  of  the 
ambitious,  and  roused  every  faculty  of  mind  and  body 
to  exert  its  utmost  force  ;  whereas,  in  modern  states, 
men's  views  being  usually  confined  to  narrow  bounds, 
beyond  which  they  cannot  pass,  and  a  partial  culture 
of  their  talents  being  sufficient  to  procure  everything 
that  their  ambition  can  aspire  to,  a  great  genius  has 
seldom  either  room  or  invitation  to  stretch  itself  to  its 
full  size." 

ALPHA. 

Oxford. 


"  One  New  Years  Day."  —  An  old  lady  used 
to  amuse  my  childhood  by  singing  a  song  com- 
mencing — 

"  One  New  Year's  day,  as  I've  heard  say, 
Dick  mounted  on  his  dappled  grey,"  &c. 

The  rest  I  forget,  but  I  should  be  glad  to  know  if 
it  is  extant,  and  what  is  known  of  its  origin,  &c. 

G.  WILLIAM  SKYRING. 
Somerset  House. 


Greek  denounced  by  the  Monks.  — 

"Almost  the  time  (A.D.  1530)  when  the  monks 
preached  in  their  sermons  to  the  people  to  beware  of 
a  new  tongue  of  late  discovered,  called  the  Greek,  and 
the  mother  of  all  heresies."  —  Foreign  Quarterly  for 
October,  1842,  No.  59.  p.  137. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  references  to  such 
passages  in  Monkish  sermons  ?  CPL. 

Pliny's  Dentistry.  —  As  your  journal  has  be- 
come the  repository  of  so  many  novel  and  in- 
teresting facts,  I  trust  that  the  following  data  will 
be  found  acceptable  to  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
Having  had  occasion,  of  late,  to  look  over  the 
works  of  Pliny,  I  was  struck  with  the  extent  to 
which  this  ancient  naturalist  and  philosopher  has 
carried  his  researches  on  the  above  subject ;  as,  in 
some  editions,  the  Index  of  the  article  DENTES 
occupies  several  closely-printed  columns.  He 
recommends  tooth-powder  (dentifricia)  of  harts- 
horn, pumice-stone,  burnt  nitre,  Lapis  Arabus, 
the  ashes  of  shells,  as  well  as  several  ludicrous 
substances,  in  accordance  with  the  mystic  preju- 


dices of  the  age.  Amongst  the  remedies  for  fixing 
(firmare)  teeth,  he  mentions  Inula,  Acetum  Scil- 
linum,  Radix  Lapathi  sativi,  vinegar ;  and  loose 
teeth  are  to  be  fixed  by  Philidonia,  Veratrum 
nigj*um,  and  a  variety  of  other  remedies,  amongst 
which  some  are  most  rational,  and  tend  to  prove 
that  more  attention  was  paid  to  the  physiological 
(hygeistic)  department  relating  to  that  portion  of 
the  human  body  than  we  have  been  hitherto  aware 
of,  as  even  the  most  recent  works  on  Dentistry  do 
not  mention  these  facts.  GEORGE  HAYES. 

Conduit  Street. 


J.  Farrington,  R.A.  —  Having  recently  met  with 
some  views  by  J.  Farrington,  11. A.,  without  a 
description  of  the  locality,  I  shall  be  obliged  by 
your  insertion  of  a  Query  respecting  information 
of  what  views  were  executed  by  this  painter,  with 
their  localities,  in  or  about  the  year  1789.  As  I 
am  informed  that  those  above  referred  to  belong 
to  this  neighbourhood,  and  therefore  would  be 
invested  with  interest  to  me,  I  could  ascertain 
their  locality  with  precision. 

JOHN  NUBSE  CHADWICK. 

King's  Lynn. 

Henry  Crewkerne,  of  Exeter,  "  Captain  of 
Dragoons,  descended  from  Crewkerne,  of  Crew- 
kerne,  in  Devonshire,"  died  at  Carlow  in  Feb. 
1664-5.  Was  he  descended  from  Crewkerne  of 
Chilhay,  Dorset  ?  His  pedigree  would  be  very 
acceptable.  Y.  S.  M  . 

Dr.  Johnson.  —  Johnson  says  somewhere  that 
he  never  was  in  a  tight  place  but  once,  and  that 
was  when  he  had  a  mad  bull  by  the  tail.  Had  he 
held  on,  he  said  he  would  have  been  dragged  to 
death  over  a  stubble  field ;  while  if  had  not  held  on, 
the  bull  would  have  gored  him  to  death.  Now 
my  Query  is,  what  did  Dr.  Johnson  do,  hold  on 
or  let  go  ?  G.  M.  B. 

Latin  " Dante"  —  Is  there  not  a  literal  Latin 
prose  translation  of  Dante,  somewhat  rhythmical  ? 
Has  not  Stillingfleet  cited  it  in  the  Origines  ? 
If  so,  where  is  its  corpus  ?  And  in  what  form, 
MS.  or  printed  ?  Of  metrical  Latin  versions 
there  are  several  beside  those  of  the  Jesuit  Carlo 
d' Aquino  and  Piazza.  The  Query  is  as  to  the 
prose  ?  PHILIP  ASKE. 

Ralph  Bosvill,  of  Bradbourn,  Kent,  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Wards,  married  first,  Anne,  daughter  of 
Sir  Richard  Clement,  and  widow  of  John  Cas- 
tillon,  by  whom  he  had  five  children.  He  married 
secondly,  Benedicta  Skinner,  by  whom  he  had  six 
children.  This  I  have  taken  from  the  Visitations 
of  Kent.  In  Harl.  MS.  5532.152,  he  is  said  to 
have  had  another  son  Ralph,  "slain  in  Ireland." 
This  Ralph  was  his  son,  and  I  wish  to  discover  by 
which  wife,  as  the  entry  above-mentioned  in  the 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


MSS.  is  of  a  much  later  date  than  the  body  of  it. 
He  had,  I  think,  two  other  sons  at  least,  who  are 
not  in  the  books,  namely,  Godfrey  and  William. 
The  name  is  sometimes  called  "  Boswell."  Was 
the  younger  Ralph's  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of 
Alveray  Copley  of  Batley  ?  Y.  S.  M. 

Major- General  Wolfe.—  The  following  MS.  is 
advertised  for  sale.  Is  anything  known  con- 
cerning it? 

"  A  Copy  of  Orders  written  by  Major-General  Woolfe ; 
an  important  unpublished  Historical  MS.  This 
valuable  collection  commences  with  '  General 
Orders  to  be  observed  by  a  regiment  on  their 
arrival  in  Scotland,  1748.'  At  p.  55.  begin 
'Orders  by  Major-General  Woolfe  in  America: 
Halifax,  April  30,  1759.'  They  continue  dated 
from  Louisburg,  Point  Orleans,  Montmorenci, 
Cape  Rouge,  &c.,  to  the  last,  which  is  dated  on 
board  the  Sutherland,  off  St.  Nicholas,  Sept.  12th, 

;  the  day  before  the  scaling  the  heights  of  Abraham  ; 
no  doubt  the  last  issued  by  Woolfe,  as  on  that 
day  (13th)  he  fell  in  battle.  There  is  no  clue  in 
the  MS.  to  its  compiler;  it  consists  of  103  pages 
4to.,  beautifully  written,  with  MS.  Plan  of  Order 
of  Battle,  of  the  army  commanded  by  General 
Woolfe  in  America,  1789.  It  is  believed  that  no 
printed  copy  exists  of  these  valuable  papers,  which 
are  of  the  highest  importance  to  the  Historian,  as 
a  slight  extract  will  show.  Small  4to.,  calf. 

'  Sept.  12.  The  Sutherland,  at  anchor  off  St.  Ni- 
cholas :  —  The  enemies'  forces  are  not  divided  ; 
great  scarcity  of  provisions  in  the  camp,  and 
universal  discontent  amongst  the  Canadians. 
The  second  officer  in  command  is  gone  to 
Montreal  or  St.  John's,  which  gives  reason  to 
think  that  Governor  Amherst  is  advancing  into 
that  colony.  A  vigorous  blow  struck  by  the 
army  at  this  juncture  might  determine  the  fate 
of  Canada.  Our  troops  below  are  ready  to 
join  us;  all  the  light  infantry  and  tools  are 
embarked  at  the  Point  of  Levi,  and  the  troops 
will  land  where  the  enemy  seems  least  to  expect 
it.'" 

J.  BALCH. 
Philadelphia. 

Custom  at  University  College,  Oxford.  —  What 
is  the  origin  of  the  following  custom  observecf  at 
this  college  ?  On  every  Easter  Sunday  the  repre- 
sentation of  a  tree,  dressed  with  evergreens  and 
flowers,  is  placed  on  a  turf,  close  to  the  buttery,  and 
every  member  there  resident,  as  he  leaves  the  Hall, 
after  dinner,  chops  at  the  tree  with  a  cleaver.  The 
college-cook  stands  by  holding  a  plate,  in  which 
the  Master  deposits  half  a  guinea,  each  Fellow  five 
shillings,  and  the  other  members  two  shillings  and 
sixpence  each  :  this  custom  is  called  "  chopping  at 
the  tree."  When  was  this  custom  instituted,  and 
to  what  circumstance  are  we  to  attribute  its  origin  ? 
Who  presented  to  the  chapel  of  this  College  the 
splendid  eagle,  as  a  lectern,  which  forms  one  of  its 


chief  ornaments  ?  Was  it  presented  by  Dr.  Rad- 
cliffe,  or  does  it  date  its  origin  from  the  happy  reign 
of  Queen  Mary  ?  M.  A. 

"  Old  Dominion"  —  It  is  stated  in  a  newspaper 
that  the  term  "  Old  Dominion,"  generally  applied 
here  to  the  state  of  Virginia,  originated  from  the 
following  facts.  During  the  Protectorate  of 
Cromwell  the  colony  of  Virginia  refused  to  ac- 
knowledge his  authority,  and  sent  to  Flanders  for 
Charles  II.  to  reign  over  them.  Charles  accepted, 
and  was  about  to  embark,  when  he  was  recalled  to 
the  throne  of  England.  Upon  his  accession,  as  a 
reward  for  her  loyalty,  he  allowed  the  colony  to 
quarter  the  arms  of  England,  Ireland,  and  Scot- 
land, as  an  independent  member  of  the  "  Old 
Dominion:"  whence  the  term.  What  truth  is 
there  in  this  story  ?  PENN. 

"  Wise  men  labour"  Sfc.  — 

On  the  fly-leaf  of  Sir  Roger  Twysden's  copy  of 
Stow's  Annales  are  the  following  lines,  dated  1643 : 
«'  Wise  men  labour,  good  men  grieve, 
Knaves  devise,  and  fooles  believe  ; 
Help,  Lord !  and  now  stand  to  us, 
Or  fooles  and  knaves  will  quite  undoe  us, 
Or  knaves  and  fooles  will  quite  undoe  us." 

From  whence  are  these  lines  taken  ?         L.  B.  L. 


Dame  Hester  Temple.  —  "Lady  Temple  lived 
to  see  seven  hundred  of  her  own  descendants :  she 
had  thirteen  children."  I  have  extracted  this 
"sea-serpent"  from  an  extract  in  Burke  from 
Fuller's  Worthies,  but  I  am  unable  to  refer  to  the 
original  for  confirmation  of  this  astounding  fact : 
if  true  it  is  wonderful.  Y.  S.  M. 

[Fuller's  amusing  account  of  Dame  Hester  Temple 
will  be  found  in  his  Worthies  of  Buckinghamshire,  vol.  i. 
p.  210.  edit.  1840.  He  says  :  "  Dame  Hester  Temple, 
daughter  to  Miles  Sands,  Esq.,  was  born  at  Latmos  in 
this  county,  and  was  married  to  Sir  Thomas  Temple, 
of  Stow,  Baronet.  She  had  four  sons  and  nine 
daughters,  which  lived  to  be  married,  and  so  exceed- 
ingly multiplied,  that  this  lady  saw  seven  hundred 
extracted  from  her  body.  Reader,  I  speak  within 
compass,  and  have  left  myself  a  reserve,  having  bought 
the  truth  hereof  by  a  wager  I  lost.  Besides,  there 
was  a  new  generation  of  marriageable  females  just  at 
her  death ;  so  that  this  aged  vine  may  be  said  to 
wither,  even  when  it  had  many  young  boughs  ready 
to  knit. 

"  Had   I  been  one  of  her   relations,    and  as    wel 
enabled  as  most  of  them  be,  T  would  have  erected 
monument  for  her  —  thus  designed.    A  fair  tree  shoulc 
have  been  erected,  the  said  lady  and  her  husband  lyir 
at  the  bottom  or  root  thereof;  the  heir  of  the  family 
should  have  ascended  both  the  middle  and  top  boug 
thereof.     On  the  right  hand  hereof  her  younger  sc 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


on  the  left  her  daughters,  should,  as  so  many  boughs, 
be  spread  forth.  Her  grandchildren  should  have  their 
names  inscribed  on  the  branches  of  those  boughs ;  the 
great-grandchildren  on  the  twigs  of  those  branches; 
the  great-great-grandchildren  on  the  leaves  of  those 
twi°"s.  Such  as  survived  her  death  should  be  done  in 
a  lively  green,  the  rest  (as  blasted)  in  a  pale  and  yellow 
fading  colour. 

"  Pliny,  lib.  vii.  cap.  13.,  (who  reports  it  as  a  wonder 
worthy  the  chronicle,  that  Chrispinus  Hilarus,  prezlata 
pompd,  '  with  open  ostentation,'  sacrificed  in  the  capitol 
seventy- four  of  his  children  and  children's  children 
attending  on  him,)  would  more  admire,  if  admitted  to 
this  spectacle. 

"  Vives  telleth  us  of  a  village  in  Spain,  of  about  an 
hundred  houses,  whereof  all  the  inhabitants  were  issued 
from  one  certain  old  man  who  then  lived,  when  as  that 
village  was  so  peopled,  so  as  the  name  of  propinquity, 
how  the  youngest  of  the  children  should  call  him, 
could  not  be  given.*  '  Lingua  enim  nostra  supra 
abavum  non  ascendit;'  ('Our  language,'  saith  he, 
meaning  the  Spanish,  '  affords  not  a  name  above  the 
great-grandfather's  father').  But,  had  the  offspring  of 
this  lady  been  contracted  into  one  place,  they  were 
enough  to  have  peopled  a  city  of  a  competent  propor- 
tion, though  her  issue  was  not  so  long  in  succession,  as 
broad  in  extent. 

"  I  confess  very  many  of  her  descendants  died  before 
her  death  ;  in  which  respect  she  was  far  surpassed  by 
a  Roman  matron,  on  which  the  poet  thus  epitapheth  it, 
in  her  own  person  f  : 

'  Viginti  atque  novem,  genitrici  Callicrateas, 

Nullius  sexus  mors  mihi  visa  fuit. 
Sed  centum  et  quinque  erplevi  bene  messibus  annos, 
In  tremulam  baculo  non  subeunte  manum.' 

*  Twenty-nine  births  Callicrate  I  told, 
And  of  both  sexes  saw  none  sent  to  grave, 
I  was  an  hundred  and  five  winters  old, 
Yet  stay  from  staff  my  hand  did  never  crave.' 

Thus,  in  all  ages,  God  bestoweth  personal  felicities  on 
some  far  above  the  proportion  of  others.  The  Lady 
Temple  died  A.D.  1656."] 

Samuel  White. — In  Bishop  Horsley's  Biblical 
Criticism,  he  refers  several  times  to  a  Samuel 
White,  whom  he  speaks  of  in  terms  of  contempt, 
and  calls  him,  in  one  place,  "  that  contemptible 
ape  of  Grotius  ;"  and  in  another,  "so  dull  a  man." 
Query,  who  was  this  Mr.  White,  and  what  work 
did  he  publish  ?  I.  R.  R. 

[Samuel  White,  M.A.,  was  a  Fellow  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  and  Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Port- 
land. His  work,  so  severely  criticised  by  Bishop 
Horsley,  is  entitled  A  Commentary  on  the  Prophet 
Isaiah.,  wherein  the  literal  Sense  of  his  Prophecies  is 
briefly  explained:  London,  4to.,  1709.  In  his  Dedi- 
cation he  says  :  "  I  have  endeavoured  to  set  in  a  true 
light  one  of  the  most  difficult  parts  of  Holy  Scripture, 

*  In  Comment  upon  8th  chapter  of  lib.  xv.  de  Civi- 
late  Dei. 

f  Ausonius,  Epitaph.  Herb'um,  num.  34. 


following  the  footsteps  of  the  learned  Grotius  as  far  as 
I  find  him  in  the  right ;  but  taking  the  liberty  to  leave 
him  where  I  think  him  wide  of  the  prophet's  mean- 
ing."] 

Heralds'  College. — Are  the  books  in  the  Heralds* 
College  open  to  the  public  on  payment  of  reason- 
able fees  ?  Y.  S.  M. 

[The  fee  for  a  search  is  5s.  ;  that  for  copying  of 
pedigrees  is  6s.  8d.  for  the  first,  and  5s.  for  every  other 
generation.  A  general  search  is  21.  2s.  The  hours  of 
attendance  are  from  ten  till  four.] 

Pope.  —  Where,  in  Pope's  Works,  does  the  pas- 
sage occur  which  is  referred  to  as  follows  by 
Richter  in  his  Gronlandische  Prozesse,  vol.  i.  ? 

"  Pope  vom  Menschen  (eigentlich  vom  Manne) 
sagt,  '  Er  tritt  auf,  um  sich  einmal  umzusehen,  und 
zu  sterben.' " 

A.  E. 

Aberdeen. 

["  Awake,  my  St.  John  !  leave  all  meaner  things 
To  low  ambition,  and  the  pride  of  kings. 
Let  us  (since  life  can  little  more  supply 
Than  just  to  look  about  us,  and  to  die) 
Expatiate  free  o'er  all  this  scene  of  man." 

Essay  on  Man,  Epist.  i.  1.  1 — 5.] 


BLANCO  WHITE'S  SONNET. 
(Vol.  vii.,  pp.  404.  486.) 

This  sonnet  first  appeared  in  The  JByou,  an 
annual  published  by  Pickering  in  1828.  It  is  en- 
titled : 

•"'      "  NIGHT   AND    DEATH. 

A  Sonnet:  dedicated  to   S.  T.  Coleridge,  Esq.,   by  his 
sincere  friend  Joseph  Blanco  White. 

Mysterious  night,  when  the  first  man  but  knew 
Thee  by  report,  unseen,  and  heard  thy  name, 
Did  he  not  tremble  for  this  lovely  frame, 
This  glorious  canopy  of  light  and  blue  ? 

Yet  'neath  a  curtain  of  translucent  dew, 
Bathed  in  the  rays  of  the  great  setting  flame, 
Hesperus,  with  the  host  of  heaven,  came, 
And  lo !  creation  widen'd  on  his  view. 

Who  could  have  thought  what  darkness  lay  con- 
cealed 
Within  thy  beams,  O  Sun  ?  Or  who  could  find, 

Whilst  fly,  and  leaf,  and  insect  stood  reveal'd, 
That  to  such  endless  orbs  thou  mad'st  us  blind? 
Weak  man  !      Why  to  shun  death  this  anxious  strife? 
If  light  can  thus  deceive,  wherefore  not  life  ?" 

In  a  letter  from  Coleridge  to  White,  dated 
Nov.  28,  1827,  he  thus  speaks  of  it : 

"  I  have  now  before  me  two  fragments  of  letters 
begun,  the  one  in  acknowledgment  of  the  finest  and 
most  graceful  sonnet  in  our  language  (at  least,  it  is 
only  in  Milton's  and  Wordsworth's  sonnets  that  I 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


recollect  any  rival,  and  this  is  not  my  judgment  alone, 
but  that  of  the  man  Kary  e£ox)?z'  fyi\6KaXov,  John  Hook- 
ham  Frere),  the  second  on  the  receipt  of  your  « Letter 
to  Charles  Butler,'"  £c. 

In  a  subsequent  letter,  without  date,  Coleridge 
thus  again  reverts  to  the  circumstance  of  its 
having  been  published  without  his  or  White's 
sanction : 

"  But  first  of  your  sonnet.  On  reading  the  sen- 
tences in  your  letter  respecting  it,  I  stood  staring 
vacantly  on  the  paper,  in  a  state  of  feeling  not  unlike 
that  which  I  have  too  often  experienced  in  a  dream  : 
when  I  have  found  myself  in  chains,  or  in  rags, 
shunned,  or  passed  by,  with  looks  of  horror  blended  with 
sadness,  by  friends  and  acquaintance  ;  and  convinced 
that,  in  some  alienation  of  mind,  I  must  have  perpe- 
trated some  crime,  which  I  strove  in  vain  to  recollect. 
I  then  ran  down  to  Mrs.  Gillman,  to  learn  whether 
she  or  Mr.  Gillman  could  throw  any  light  on  the  sub- 
ject. Neither  Mr.  nor  Mrs.  Gillman  could  account 
for  it.  I  have  repeated  the  sonnet  often,  but,  to  the 
best  of  my  recollection,  never  either  gave  a  copy  to 
any  one,  or  permitted  any  one  to  transcribe  it ;  and  as 
to  publishing  it  without  your  consent,  you  must  allow 
me  to  say  the  truth  :  I  had  felt  myself  so  much  flat- 
tered by  your  having  addressed  it  to  me,  that  I  should 
have  been  half  afraid  that  it  would  appear  to  be  asking 
to  have  my  vanity  tickled,  if  I  had  thought  of  applying 
to  you  for  permission  to  publish  it.  Where  and  when 
did  it  appear  ?  If  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  inform 
me,  I  may  perhaps  trace  it  out :  for  it  annoys  me  to 
imagine  myself  capable  of  such  a  breach  of  confidence 
and  of  delicacy." 

In  his  Journal,  October  16  [1838  ?],  Blanco 
White  says : 

"  In  copying  out  my  «  Sonnet  on  Night  and  Death' 
for  a  friend,  I  have  made  some  corrections.  It  is  now 
as  follows  :  , 

'  Mysterious  Night !  when  our  first  parent  knew 
Thee  from  report  divine,  and  heard  thy  name, 
Did  he  not  tremble  for  this  lovely  frame, 
This  glorious  canopy  of  light  and  blue? 

Yet  'neath  a  curtain  of  translucent  dew, 

Bathed  in  the  rays  of  the  great  setting  flame, 
Hesperus  with  the  Host  of  Heaven  came, 
And  lo !  creation  widen'd  in  man's  view. 

Who  could  have  thought  such  darkness  lay  conceal'd 
Within  thy  beams,  O  Sun  !  or  who  could  find, 
Whilst  fly,  and  leaf,  and  insect  stood  reveal'd, 
That  to  such  countless  orbs  thou  mad'st  us  blind! 

Why  do  we  then  shun  death,  with  anxious  strife  ? 
If  light  can  thus  deceive,  wherefore  not  life  ? '  " 

S.  W.  SINGER. 


GOLOSHES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  304.) 

This  word,  SELEUCUS  says,  "  is  of  course  of 
American  derivation."  By  no  means  :  it  is  found 
in  German,  gattosche  or  gallusche  ;  and  in  French, 


galoche  or  gallocne.  The  word  itself  most  likely 
comes  to  us  from  the  French.  The  dictionaries 
refer  to  Spenser  as  using  it  under  the  form  galage  ; 
and  it  occurs  written  galege,  galosh,  calosh,  &c. 
The  French  borrowed  the  term  from  the  Latin 
Gallicce;  but  the  Romans  first  derived  the  idea 
and  the  thing  itself  from  Gaul,  Gallicce  denoting 
Gallic  or  Gaulish  shoes.  Cicero  speaks  of  the 
Gallica;  with  contempt.  —  "Cum  calceis  et  togar 
nullis  nee  gallicis  nee  lacerna;"  and  again,  "Cum 
gallicis  et  lacerna  cucurristi"  (Philip,  ii.  30.). 
Blount,  in  his  Law  Dictionary  (1670),  gives  the 
following,  which  refers  to  one  very  early  use  of 
the  term  in  this  country  : 

"  GALEGE  (yc/tcns),  from  the  French  (jalloches,  which 
signified  of  old  a  certain  shoe  worn  by  the  Gauls  in 
foul  weather,  as  at  present  the  signification  with  us  doe* 
not  much  differ.  It  is  mentioned  4  Ed\v.  IV.  cap.  7., 
and  14  &  15  Hen.  VIII.  cap.  9." 

Therefore  the  thing  itself  and  the  word  were 
known  among  us  before  America  was  discovered. 
As  it  regards  the  Latin  word  Gallicce,  I  only  know 
of  its  use  by  Cicero,  Tertullian,  and  A.  Gellius. 
The  last-named,  in  the  Noctes  Attica,  gives  the 
following  anecdote  and  observations  relating  to 
this  word.  T.  Castricius,  a  teacher  of  rhetoric  at 
Rome,  observing  that  some  of  his  pupils  were,  on 
a  holiday,  as  he  deemed,  unsuitably  attired,  and 
shod  (soleati)  with  gallicce  (galloches,  sabots, 
wooden  shoes  or  clogs),  he  expressed  in  strong- 
terms  his  disapprobation.  He  stated  it  to  be  un- 
worthy of  their  rank,  and  referred  to  the  above- 
cited  passage  from  Cicero.  Some  of  his  hearers 
inquired  why  he  called  those  soleati  who  wore 
goloshes  (gallicce}  and  not  shoes  (soleci).  The 
expression  is  justified  by  a  statement  which  suffi- 
ciently describes  the  goloshes,  viz.,  that  they  call 
solece  (shoes)  all  those  which  cover  only  the  lower 
portions  of  the  foot,  and  are  fastened  with  straps. 
The  author  adds  : 

"  I  think  that  gallicoB  is  a  new  word,  which  was 
begun  to  be  used  not  long  before  Cicero's  time,  there- 
fore used  by  him  in  the  Second  of  the  Antonians. 
'  Cum  gallicis,'  says  he,  'et  lacerna  cucxirristi.'  Nor  do 
I  read  it  in  any  other  writer  of  authority,  but  other 
words  are  employed." 

The  Romans  named  shoes  after  persons  and 
places  as  we  do  :  for  examples,  see  Dr.  W.  Smith's 
Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities,  sub 
voc.  "  Calceus."  B.  H.  C. 

Poplar. 

This  word  is  not  of  American  derivation.  In 
the  Promptorium  Parvulorum  we  find,  — 

"  GALACHE  or   GALOCHE,  undersolynge  of  manny's- 
fote." 
Mr.  Way  says  in  his  note  : 

"  The  galache  was  a  sort  of  patten,  fastened  to  tht 
foot  by  cross  latchets,  and  worn  by  men  as  early  as  the 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


471 


time  of  Edward  III.       Allusion  is    made   to    it  by 
Chaucer, 

'  Ne  were  worthy  to  unbocle  his  galoche. ' 

Squires  Tale,  10,869." 

Among  many  other  quotations  Mr.  Way  gives  the 
following  : 

"  To  geten  hym  gilte  spores, 
Or  galoches  y-couped." 

Piers  Ploughman,  12,099. 

And   in   the   Wardrobe  Book  of  Prince  Henry, 
A.D.  1607,  are  mentioned  — 

"1  pair  of  golossians,  6s.  ;  16  gold  buckles  with 
pendants  and  toungs  to  buckle  a  pair  of  golosses."  — 
Archaol  xi.  93. 

Nares  says : 

"  GALAGE.  A  clown's  coarse  shoe,  from  galloche,  a 
shoe  with  a  wooden  sole,  old  French,  which  itself  is 
supposed  to  be  from  gullica,  a  kind  of  shoe  mentioned 
by  Cicero,  Philip,  ii.  30.,  and  A.  Gellius,  xiii.  21.  If 
so,  the  word  has  returned  to  the  country  whence  it  was 
first  taken,  but  I  doubt  much  of  that  derivation ;  by 
the  passages  referred  to  in  the  above  authors,  it  seems 
more  likely  that  the  gattica  was  a  luxurious  covering, 
than  one  so  very  coarse  as  the  galloche.  Perhaps  the 
caliga,  or  military  strong  boot  of  the  Romans,  from 
•which  Caligula  was  named,  may  be  a  better  origin  for 
it.  The  word  galloche  is  now  naturalised  among  us 
for  a  kind  of  clog,  worn  over  the  shoes." 

See  also  Richardson's  Dictionary,  s.  v.  "  Galoche." 

ZEUS. 

SELEUCUS  need  not  have  gone  quite  so  far  as  to 
"  the  tribe  of  North  American  Indians,  the  Go- 
loshes," or  to  America  at  all,  for  his  derivation. 
If  he  will  look  in  his  French  dictionary  he  will 
find,— 

"  Galoche  (espece  de  mule  que  Ton  porte  par  dessus 
les  souliers),  galoshoe." 

I  quote  from   Boyer's  Dictionnaire  Royal,  edit. 
1753. 

Cole,  in  his  English  dictionary,  1724,  has  — 

"  Galeges,  galages,  galloches,  galloshoes,  Fr.,  wooden 
shoes  all  of  a  piece.  With  us  outward  shoes  or  cases 
for  dirty  weather,  &c." 

C.  DE  D. 


CONSONANTS    IN    WELSH. 

(Vol.ix.,  p.  271.) 

For  the  gratification  of  your  correspondent 
J.  M.,  I  give  you  the  result  of  an  enumeration 
of  the  letters  and  sounds  in  three  versions  of  the 
Hundredth  Psalm  in  Welsh,  and  three  correspond- 
ing versions  of  it  in  English. 

1.  From  the  authorised  translations  of  the  Bible, 
Welsh  and  English. 

2.  The  metrical  version  of  Tate  and  Brady,  and 
that  of  Archdeacon  Prys. 


3.  Dr.  Watts's  metrical  version  and  a  Welsh 
imitation  of  it. 

Letters  in  three  Welsh  Versions. 
Bible.  Prys. 

Consonants  -         -         -     185  205 

Vowels         -         -         -     148  165 


Apparent     excess    of  "1 
consonants  in  Welsh  J 


37 


40 


Watts. 
241 
159 

82 


Letters  in  three  English  Versions. 

Bible.    Tate  §•  Brady.  Watts. 

Consonants  ...     220  271  275 

Vowels         -         -         -     134  163  170 


Apparent     excess    of  ~i 
consonants  in  English  J 


86 


108 


Sounds  in  three  Welsh  Versions. 
Bible.  Prys. 

Consonants  -  150  173 

Vowels          -         -         -     148  165 


105 


Watts. 
20O 
159 


8 


41 


Real  excess  of  conso-1  „ 

nants  in  Welsh          -j 

Sounds  in  three  English  Versions. 

Bible.    Tate  fy  Brady.    Watts. 

Consonants  -          -          -     195  241  240 

Vowels          -          -          -     122  149  159 


Real  excess  of  conso- 
nants in  English 


73 


92 


81 


From  this  analysis  it  appears  that  the  excess  of 
consonant  letters  over  vowels  is,  in  English,  299; 
and  in  Welsh,  159,  a  little  more  than  one-half. 
The  excess  of  consonant  sounds  is,  in  English,  246 ; 
in  Welsh,  51,  considerably  less  than  one-fourth. 

This  result  might  readily  have  been  anticipated 
by  anybody  familiar  with  the  following  facts  : 

1.  On  examining  lists  of  the  elementary  sounds 
of  both  languages,  it  will  be  found  that  the  Welsh 
has  a  greater  number  of  vowels  than  the  English, 
and  the  English  a  greater  number  of  consonants 
than  the  Welsh. 

2.  Welsh  diphthongs  are  much  more  numerous 
than  English. 

3.  In  English,  three  vowels  only  constitute  words 
in  themselves  (a,  article  ;  /,  pronoun  ;  O,  interjec- 
tion),  and  each  is  used  only  in  one  sense.     In 
Welsh,  Jive  of  the  vowels  (a,  e,  i,  o,  ?/)  are  words ; 
and  they  are  used  in  at  least  a  dozen  different 
significations.    A,  besides  being  an  affirmative  and 
interrogative  adverb,  answers  to  the  English  and, 
as,  with,  will  go. 

4.  Diphthongs  forming  distinct  words  are  much 
more  numerous  in  Welsh  than  in  English.     The 
following  occur :  at,  ai  (=a  ei)  au,  ei,  eu,  ia}  Je, 
fw,  o'i,  O'M,  ow,  wy,  yw. 

5.  In  Welsh  there  are  no  such  clusters  of  con- 
sonants  as   occur   in   the  English  words   arched 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  238. 


(pronounced  artsht),  parched,  scorched,  marched, 
hinged  (hindzhd),  singed,  cringed,  fringed,  purged 
(purdzhd),  charged  (tshardzhd),  scratched,  &c.  &c. 
From  the  difficulty  encountered  in  pronouncing 
some  of  these  combinations,  arise  the  vulgar  errors 
heard  in  some  parts  of  the  country :  burstis  for 
bursts,  castis  for  casts.  Three  consonants  are  very 
rarely  thus  crushed  together  in  Welsh,  —  four, 
never. 

6.  The  Welsh,  to  avoid  an  unpleasant  hiatus, 
often  introduce  a  consonant.  Hence  we  have  y 
or  yr,  the ;  a  or  ac,  and ;  a  or  ag,  as ;  na  or  nac, 
not ;  na  or  nag,  than  ;  sy  or  sydd,  is  ;  o,  from,  be- 
comes odd;  i,  to,  becomes  idd.  I  cannot  call  to 
mind  more  than  one  similar  example  in  English, 
a  or  an ;  and  its  existence  is  attributable  to  the 
superfluity  of  consonants,  ?i  being  dropped  in  a, 
not  added  in  an. 

The  mystery  of  the  consonants  in  the  swearing 
Welshman's  mouth  (humorously  described  by 
Messrs.  Chambers)  is  difficult  of  explanation. 
The  words  usual  in  Welsh  oaths  afford  no  clue 
to  its  solution ;  for  the  name  of  the  Deity  has 
two  consonants  and  one  vowel  in  English,  while 
it  has  two  vowels  and  one  consonant  in  Welsh. 
Another  name  invoked  on  these  occasions  has 
three  consonants  and  two  vowels  in  English,  and 
one  of  the  vowels  is  usually  elided ;  in  Welsh  it 
has  three  vowels  and  three  consonants,  and  collo- 
quially the  middle  consonant  is  dropped.  The 
Welsh  borrow  a  few  imprecatory  words  from  the 
English,  and  in  appropriating  them  they  append 
the  vowel  termination  o  or  io.  Prejudice  or  ima- 
gination, therefore,  seems  to  have  had  something 
to  do  in  describing  poor  Taffy's  profanities. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  add  that  the  Hundredth 
Psalm  was  chosen  for  analysis  without  a  previous 
knowledge  that  it  would  present  a  greater  excess 
of  consonants  (letters  or  sounds)  in  English  than 
in  Welsh.  I  do  not  believe  two  chapters  from  the 
Bible  can  be  produced,  which  will  show  an  oppo- 
site result.  GWILYM  GLAN  TYWI. 

There  is  no  k  in  the  Welsh  alphabet,  a  circum- 
stance which  reduces  the  consonants  to  twenty; 
while  a  farther  reduction  is  made  by  the  fact  that 
w  and  y  are  always  vowels  in  Welsh,  instead  of 
being  only  occasionally  so,  as  in  English.  J.  M. 
will  therefore  find  that  the  Welsh  alphabet  con- 
tains but  eighteen  consonants  and  seven  vowels, 
twenty-five  letters  in  all. 

This,  however,  I  imagine,  is  not  the  point  on 
which  he  wishes  for  information.  If  a  stranger 
glances  at  a  page  of  Welsh  without  being  aware 
that  y  and  w  are,  strictly  speaking,  vowels,  he  will 
of  course  naturally  conclude  that  he  sees  an  over 
proportion  of  consonants.  Hence,  probably,  has 
arisen  the  very  general  idea  on  the  subject,  which 
is  perhaps  strengthened  by  the  frequent  occur- 
rence of  the  double  consonants  LI  and  Dd,  the 


first  of  which  is  but  a  sign,  standing  for  a  peculiar 
softening  of  the  letter  ;  and  the  latter  for  the  Th 
of  the  English  language. 

Such  an  idea  might  perhaps  be  conveyed  by  the 
following  instances,  taken  at  random :  Dywyll, 
Dydd,  Gwyddna,  Llwyn,  Gwyrliw,  &c.  But  it  will 
be  dispelled  by  an  orthography  adapted  to  the 
pronunciation;  thus:  Don-ill*,  Deeth,  Goo-eeth- 
na,  Lloo-een,  Gueer-leeoo. 

J.  M.  will  be  interested  to  know  that  the  Welsh 
language  can  furnish  almost  unexampled  instances 
of  an  accumulation  of  vowels,  such  as  that  fur- 
nished by  the  word  ieuainc,  young  men,  &c. ;  but 
above  all  by  the  often-quoted  englyn  or  stanza  on 
the  spider  or  silkworm,  which,  in  its  four  lines, 
does  not  contain  a  single  consonant : 

"  O'i  whfc  wy  i  weu  e  a, — a'i  weau 
O'i  wyau  e  weua  : 
E  weua  ei  we  aia, 
A'i  weau  yw  ieuau  ia." 

SELEUCUS. 

In  reply  to  J.  M.  I  beg  to  ask  who  ever  before 
heard  that  consonants  "  cracked  and  cracked,  and 
ground ^  and  exploded?"  and  how  could  the 
writer  in  Chambers's  Repository  possibly  know- 
that  the  drunken  Welshman  cursed  and  swore  in 
consonants  ?  There  is  scarcely  a  more  harshly- 
sounding  word^in  the  Welsh  language  —  admitted 
by  a  clever  and  satirical  author  to  have  "the 
softness  and  harmony  of  the  Italian,  with  the 
majesty  and  expression  of  the  Greek  "  —  than  the 
term  crack,  adopted  from  the  Dutch.  There  is  no 
Welsh  monosyllable  that  contains,  like  the  Saxon 
strength,  seven  consonants  with  only  one  vowel. 
There  is  no  Welsh  proper  name,  like  Rentzsch, 
the  watchmaker  of  Regent  Street,  that  contains 
six  consonants  in  succession  in  one  syllable ;  and 
yet  the  Welsh  have  never  accused  their  younger 
sister  with  the  use  of  consonants  which  "  cracked 
and  cracked,  and  ground  and  exploded."  But  if 
the  Welsh  language,  with  "  its  variety,  copious- 
ness, and  even  harmony,  to  be  equalled  by  few, 
perhaps  excelled  by  none,"  has  no  instance  of  six 
consonants  in  succession,  it  has  one  of  six  vowels 
in  succession,  Gwaewawr,  every  one  of  which  re- 
quires, according  to  the  peculiarity  of  its  pro- 
nunciation, a  separate  inflection  of  the  voice. 

J.  M.  may  be  assured  that  the  remark  of  the 
writer  in  question  is  only  one  of  those  pitiful 
"cracks"  which  flippant  authors  utter  in  plain 
ignorance  of  Cymru,  Cymraeg,  and  Cymry. 

CYMRO. 

Marlbro. 

I  think  the  following  englyn  or  epigram  on  a 
silkworm,  which  is  composed  entirely  of  vowels, 
will  satisfy  your  correspondent.  I  have  seen  it 
n  some  book,  the  name  of  which  I  forget.  It 


*  The  Dou  to  be  pronounced  as  in  Douglass. 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


473 


must  be  borne   in   mind  that  w   is  a  vowel  in 
'       Welsh,  and  is  sounded  like  oo  in  boot. 
«  O'i  wiw  fry  i  weu  e  a,  a'i  weau 
O'i  wyau  e  weua  ; 
E'  weua  ei  we  aia'. 
A'i  weau  yw  ieuau  ia." 
«  I  perish  by  my  art ;  dig  my  own  grave ; 
I  spin  my  thread  of  life ;  my  death  I  weave." 

THOMAS  O'COFFEY. 


SONGS    OF    DEGREES    (ASCENTS). 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  121.376.) 

The  analysis  of  the  word  rfAysn  (the  steps),  con- 
fining ourselves  to  sensible  objects,  shows,  first,  the 
preposition  7V,  over  (=.up-\-on)  ;  and,  secondly, 
n?yp,  the  chamber-over.  (Neh.  ix.  4.,  xii.  37. ; 
Jos.  x.  10. ;  1  Sam.  ix.  11. ;  Am.  ix.  6. ;  Ps.  civ. 
13.)  The  translators  of  the  authorised  version, 
in  using  the  word  "  degrees,"  intended  probably 
to  convey  the  notion  of  rank;  but  the  modern 
mixed-mathematical  ideas  lead  us  of  this  day 
rather  to  think  of  geographical,  barometrical,  &c. 
degrees.  That  steps  is  the  word  most  accordant  with 
the  ancient  notions  is  evident  from  the  concur- 
rence of  the  Greek,  Latin,  Syriac,  Arabic,  and 
Ethiopic  versions,  as  also  from  the  Chaldee  Tar- 
gum,  alluded  to  by  J.  R.  G.,  which  has  the  in- 
scription Ntfinri^  ppiDo  hv  -iDNnxi  NW,  «  a 

song  calledT  '  over  the  steps  of  the  deep '  " 
(Deut.  viii.  7. ;  Ex.  xv.  8,).  The  root  of  this 
word  is  r6y,  in  the  Hebrew  and  its  cognates,  and 
the  primitive  notion  is  to  ascend;  from  which 

is  formed  in  Arabic "  ^,  adscendit  in  tectum ;  in 
Syriac  *)A  »  \v.  contignatio  superior,  ccenaculum 

(Jud.  iii.  23-25. ;  Luc.  xxii.  12.) ;  and  the  Chaldee 
JV-py,  pars  domus  superior,  cubiculum,sive  ccenaculum 
superius,  Graec.  forepwoj/  (Dan.  vi.  11.).  See  Shaw's 
Itinerary,  pp.  360-365. 

The  D  prefixed  is  the  participial  form  of  the 
verb,  equivalent  to  the  termination  ing  in  En- 
glish ;  and  converts  the  verb  also  into  a  verbal 
noun,  conveying  the  generalised  idea  of  a  class  of 

actions ;  and  thereby  the  steps,  rivJJDn,  the  step- 
pings  upward,  literally,  which  means  "  the  as- 
cents," or  "  the  ascendings." 

The  ascent  by  fifteen  steps  of  the  rabbins  is 
probably  equally  apocryphal  with  the  quotations 
from  St.  Matthew  and  St.  James  (ix.  p.  376.) ;  for 
the  same  reason  (Ex.  xx.  26.)  which  forbad  the 
ascending  the  altar  by  steps,  would  apply  still 
more  strongly  to  the  supposed  "  fifteen  steps  lead- 
ing from  the  Atrium  Israelis  to  the  court  of  the 


women"  *  Although  the  ground-plans  of  the  tem- 
ples are  well  known,  their  elevations  are  involved 
in  doubt. 

Your  journal  would  not  afford  me  sufficient 
space  for  an  excursus  to  establish  the  suggestion, 
not  assertion,  that  I  have  adventured  as  to  the 
domestic  use  of  the  Alphabetic  and  Degree  Psalms, 
but  there  is  negative  evidence  that  these  Psalms 
were  not  used  in  the  Jewish  liturgy.  I  will  only 
refer  you  to  Lightfoot's  ninth  volume  (Pitman's 
edition),  where  the  Psalms  used,  and  indeed  the 
whole  service  of  the  Jews,  is  as  clearly  set  forth 
as  the  Greek  service  is  in  the  liturgies  of  Basil 
and  Chrysostom.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 


THE    SCREW   PROPELLER. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  394.) 

ANON,  is  clearly  mistaken  in  thinking  that,  when 
Darwin  says  that  "the  undulating  motion  of  the 
tail  of  fishes  might  be  applied  behind  a  boat  with 
greater  effect  than  common  oars,"  he  had  any  idea 
of  a  screw  propeller.  He  meant  not  a  rotatory, 
but,  as  he  says,  an  "undulating"  motion,  like  that 
of  the  fish's  tail :  such  as  we  see  every  day  em- 
ployed by  the  boys  in  all  our  rivers  and  harbours, 
called  sculling  —  that  is,  driving  a  boat  forward  by 
the  rapid  lateral  right  and  left  impulsion  of  a 
single  oar,  worked  from  the  stern  of  the  boat. 
It  was  the  application  of  steam  to  some  such 
machinery  as  this  that  Darwin  seems  to  have 
meant ;  and  not  to  the  special  action  of  a  revolving 
cut- water  screw. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  record,  that 
about  the  date  of  Darwin's  publication,  or  very 
soon  after,  the  very  ingenious  Earl  Stanhope  not 
only  thought  of,  but  actually  employed,  the  iden- 
tical screw  propeller  now  in  use  in  a  vessel  which 
he  had  fitted  up  for  the  purpose ;  and  in  which, 
by  his  invitation,  I,  and  several  other  gentlemen, 
accompanied  him  in  various  trips  backwards  and 
forwards  between  Blackfriars  and  Westminster 
bridges.  The  instrument  was  a  long  iron  axle, 

*  "  Eadem  ratio,  ab  honestate  ducta,  eandem  pepe- 
rerat  apud  Romanos  legem.  Gellius  ex  Fabio  Pic- 
tore,  Noct.  Attic,,  lib.  x.c.l  5.,  de  flamine  Diali:  Seal  as, 
nisi  qua?  Graecae  adpellantur,  eas  adscendere  ei  plus 
tribus  gradibus  religiosum  est.  Servius  ad  JEneid,  iv. 
646.  Apud  veteres,  Flaminicam  plus  tribus  gradibus, 
nisi  Graecas  scalas,  scandere  non  licebat,  ne  ulla  pars 
pedum  ejus,  crurumve  subter  conspiceretur  ;  eoque  nee 
pluribus  gradibus,  sed  tribus  ut  adscensu  duplices 
nisus  non  paterentur  adtolli  vestem,  aut  nudari  crura ; 
nam  ideo  et  scalae  Graecae  dicuntur,  quia  ita  fabri- 
cantur  ut  omni  ex  parte  compagine  tabularum  clausae 
sint,  ne  adspectum  ad  corporis  aliquam  partem  admit- 
tant." —  Rosenmiiller  on  Exod.  xx.  26.  The  ascent 
to  the  altar,  fifteen  feet  high,  was  by  a  gangway, 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


working  on  the  stern  port  of  the  vessel,  having  at 
the  end  in  the  water  a  wheel  of  inclined  planes, 
exactly  like  the  flyer  of  a  smoke- jack;  while,  in- 
board, the  axle  was  turned  by  a  crank  worked  by 
the  men.  The  velocity  attained  was,  I  think,  said 
to  be  four  miles  an  hour.  I  am  sorry  that  I  am  not 
able  to  specify  the  exact  date  of  this  experiment, 
but  it  must  have  been  between  1802  and  1805. 
What  Lord  Stanhope  said  about  employing  steam 
to  work  his  machine,  I  do  not  clearly  recollect. 
He  entered  into  a  great  many  details  about  it, 
but  I  remember  nothing  distinctly  but  the  ma- 
chine itself.  C. 


AMONTILLADO    SHERRY. 

(Yol.  ix.,  pp.  222.  336.) 

The  wines  of  Xeres  consist  of  two  kinds,  viz. 
sweet  and  dry,  each  of  which  is  again  subdivided 
into  two  other  varieties.  Amontillado  sherry,  or 
simply  Amontillado,  belongs  to  the  latter  class, 
the  other  description  produced  from  the  dry  wine 
being  sherry,  properly  so  called,  that  which  passes 
in  this  country  generally  by  that  name.  These 
two  wines,  although  differing  from  each  other  in 
the  peculiarities  of  colour,  smell,  and  flavour,  are 
produced  from  the  same  grape,  and  in  precisely 
a  similar  manner  ;  indeed,  it  frequently  happens 
that  of  two  or  more  botas,  or  large  casks,  filled 
with  the  same  mout  (wort  or  sweet  wine),  and 
subjected  to  the  same  manipulation,  the  one  be- 
comes Amontillado,  and  the  other  natural  sherry. 
This  mysterious  transformation  takes  place  or- 
dinarily during  the  first,  but  sometimes  even 
during  the  second  year,  and  in  a  manner  that  has 
hitherto  baffled  the  attempts  of  the  most  attentive 
observer  to  discover.  Natural  sherry  has  a  pe- 
culiar aromatic  flavour,  somewhat  richer  than  that 
of  its  brother,  the  Amontillado,  and  partakes  of 
three  different  colours,  viz.  pale  or  straw,  golden, 
and  deep  golden,  the  latter  being  the  description 
denominated  by  us  brown  sherry.  The  Amontil- 
lado is  of  a  straw  colour  only,  more  or  less  shaded 
according  to  the  age  it  possesses.  Its  flavour  is 
drier  and  more  delicate  than  that  of  natural 
sherry,  recalling  in  a  slight  degree  the  taste  *bf 
nuts  and  almonds.  This  wine,  being  produced  by 
a  phenomenon  which  takes  place  it  is  imagined 
during  the  fermentation,  is  naturally  less  abundant 
than  the  other  description  of  sherry,  and  there  are 
years  in  which  it  is  produced  in  very  small  quan- 
tities, and  sometimes  even  not  at  all ;  for  the 
same  reason  it  is  age  for  age  dearer  also.  The 
word  "  Amontillado "  signifies  like  or  similar  to 
Montilla,  i.e.  the  wine  manufactured  at  that  place. 
Montilla  is  situated  in  Upper  Andalusia,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Cordouc,  and  produces  an  ex- 
cellent description  of  wine,  but  which,  from  the 
want  of  roads  and  communication  with  the  prin- 


cipal commercial  towns  of  Spain,  is  almost  en- 
tirely unknown. 

The  two  sweet  wines  of  Xeres  are  the  "  Paxa- 
rite,"  or  "  Pedro  Ximenes,"  and  the  "  Muscatel." 
The  first-named  is  made  from  a  species  of  grape 
called  "  Pedro  Ximenes,"  sweeter  in  quality  than 
that  which  produces  the  dry  sherry,  and  which, 
moreover,  is  exposed  much  longer  to  the  action  of 
the  sun  previous  to  the  process  of  manufacture ; 
its  condition  when  subjected  to  the  action  of  the 
pressers  resembling  very  nearly  that  of  a  raisin. 
Fermentation  is  in  this  case  much  more  rapid  on 
account  of  the  saccharine  nature  of  the  mout  or 
wort.  In  flavour  it  is  similar  to  the  fruit  called 
"  Pedro  Ximenes,"  the  colour  being  the  same  as 
that  of  natural  sherry.  Muscate  wine  is  made 
from  the  grape  of  that  name,  and  in  a  manner 
precisely  similar  to  the  Paxarite.  The  wine  pro- 
duced from  this  grape  is  still  sweeter  than  the 
Pedro  Ximenes,  its  taste  being  absolutely  that  of 
the  Muscat  grape.  In  colour  also  it  is  deeper ; 
but  the  colour  of  both,  like  that  of  the  two  dry 
wines,  increases  in  proportion  to  their  age,  a  cir- 
cumstance exactly  the  reverse  of  that  which  takes 
place  in  French  wines.  German  sherry  wines 
are  capable  of  preservation  both  in  bottles  and 
casks  for  an  indefinite  period.  In  one  of  the 
bodegas  or  cellars  belonging  to  the  firm  of 
M.  P.  Domecq,  at  Xeres,  are  to  be  seen  five  or 
six  casks  of  immense  size  and  antiquity  (some 
of  them,  it  is  said,  exceeding  a  century).  Each  of 
them  bears  the  name  of  some  distinguished  hero 
of  the  age  in  which  it  was  produced,  Wellington 
and  Napoleon  figuring  conspicuously  amongst 
others :  the  former  is  preserved  exclusively  for  the 
taste  of  Englishmen. 

The  history  of  sherry  dates,  in  a  commercial 
point  of  view,  from  about  the  year  1720  only. 
Before  this  period  it  is  uncertain  whether  it  pos- 
sessed any  existence  at  all ;  at  all  events  it  appears 
to  have  been  unknown  beyond  the  immediate 
neighbourhood  in  which  it  was  produced.  It 
would  be  difficult,  perhaps,  to  say  by  whom  it 
was  first  imported  :  all  that  can  be  affirmed  with 
any  degree  of  certainty  is,  that  a  Frenchman,  by 
name  Pierre  Domecq,  the  founder  of  the  house 
before  mentioned,  was  among  the  earliest  to  re- 
cognise its  capabilities,  and  to  bring  it  to  the  high 
state  of  perfection  which  it  has  since  attained. 
In  appreciation  of  the  good  service  thus  rendered 
to  his  country,  Ferdinand  VII.  conferred  upon 
this  house  the  right  exclusively  to  bear  upon  their 
casks  the  royal  arms  of  Spain.  This  wine,  fro 
being  at  first  cultivated  only  in  small  quantitit 
has  long  since  grown  into  one  of  the  staple  pi 
ductions  of  the  country.  In  the  neighbourhc 
of  Xeres  there  are  at  present  under  cultivation  froi 
10,000  to  12,000  arpents  of  vines ;  these  produc 
annually  from  30,000  to  35,000  botas,  equal 
70,000  or  75,000  hogsheads.  In  gathering 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QXJEKIES. 


475 


fruit,  the  ripest  is  invariably  selected  for  wines  of 
the  best  quality.  The  wines  of  Xeres,  like  all 
those  of  the  peninsula,  require  the  necessary  body 
or  strength  to  enable  them  to  sustain  the  fatigue 
of  exportation.  Previous,  therefore,  to  shipment 
(none  being  sold  under  four  to  five  years  of  age), 
a  little  eau  de  vie  (between  the  fiftieth  and  sixtieth 
part)  is  added,  a  quantity  in  itself  so  small,  that 
few  would  imagine  it  to  be  the  cause  of  the  slight 
alcoholic  taste  which  nearly  all  sherries  possess. 

In  consequence  of  the  high  price  of  the  delicious 
wines,  numerous  imitations,  or  inferior  sherries, 
are  manufactured,  and  sold  in  immense  quantities. 
Of  these  the  best  are  to  be  met  with  at  the  follow- 
ing places :  San  Lucar,  Porto,  Santa  Maria,  and 
even  Malaga  itself.  The  spurious  sherry  of  the 
first-named  place  is  consumed  in  larger  quantities, 
especially  in  France,  than  the  genuine  wine  itself. 
One  reason  for  this  may  be,  that  few  vessels  go  to 
take  cargoes  at  Cadiz ;  whilst  many  are  in  the 
habit  of  doing  so  to  Malaga  for  dry  fruits,  and  to 
Seville  for  the  fine  wool  of  Estremadura.  San 
Lucar  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadal- 
quiver.  W.  C. 


RECENT   CURIOSITIES    OF   LITERATURE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  136.) 

Mr.  Thackeray's  work,  The  Newcomes,  would, 
if  consulted  by  your  correspondent,  furnish  him 
with  farther  examples.  For  instance,  Colonel 
Newcome's  Christian  name  is  stated  (pp.  27.  57.) 
to  be  Thomas :  at  p.  49.  he  is  designated  Col.  J. 
Newcome.  The  letter  addressed  to  him  (p.  27.) 
is  superscribed  "Major  Newcome,"  although  at 
p.  25.  he  is  styled  "  Colonel."  At  p.  71.  mention  is 
made  of  "Mr.  Shaloo,  the  great  Irish  patriot," 
who  at  p.  74.  becomes  "Mr.  Shaloony,"  and  at 
p.  180.  relapses  into  the  dissyllabic  "Shaloo." 
Clive  Newcome  is  represented  (p.  184.)  as  admir- 
ing his  youthful  mustachios,  and  Mr.  Doyle  has 
depicted  him  without  whiskers:  at  p.  188.  Ethel, 
"  after  Mr.  Clive's  famous  mustachios  made  their 
appearance,  rallied  him,"  and  "  asked  him  if  he 
was  (were  ?)  going  into  the  army  ?  She  could  not 
understand  how  any  but  military  men  could  wear 
mustachios."  On  this  the  author  remarks,  three 
lines  farther  on  :  "  If  Clive  had  been  in  love  with 
her,  no  doubt  he  would  have  sacrificed  even  those 
beloved  whiskers  for  the  charmer." 

At  p.  111.  the  Rev.  C.  Honeyman  is  designated 
"A.M.,"  although  previously  described  a  Master 
of  Arts  of  Oxford,  where  the  Masters  are  styled 
"M.A."  in  contradistinction  to  the  Masters  of 
Arts  in  every  other  university.  Cambridge  Mas- 
ters frequently  affix  M.A.  to  their  names,  but  I 
never  heard  of  an  instance  of  an  Oxonian  signing 
the  initials  of  his  degree  as  A.M. 


Apropos  of  Oxford,  I  recently  met  the  following 
sentence  at  p.  3.  of  Verdant  Green  : 

"  Although  pronounced  by  Mrs.  Toosypegs,  his 
nurse,  to  be  '  a  perfect  progidye,'  yet  we  are  not  aware 
that  his  debut  on  the  stage  of  life,  although  thus  ap- 
plauded by  such  a  dacqueur  as  the  indiscriminating 
Toosypegs,  was  announced  to  the  world  at  large  by 
any  other  means  than  the  notices  in  the  county  papers." 

If  the  author  ever  watched  the  hired  applauders 
in  a  Parisian  theatre,  he  would  have  discerned 
among  them  clacqueuses  as  well  as  clacqueurs. 

JUVERNA,  M.A. 


ROLAND  THE  BRAVE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  372.) 

In  justification  of  Dr.  Forbes'  identifying  Ro- 
land the  Brave  with  the  hero  of  Schiller's  ballad, 
Ritter  Toggenburg,  I  beg  to  refer  your  corre- 
spondent X,  Y.  Z.  to  Deutsches  Sagenbuch,  von 
L.  Bechstein,  Leipzig,  1853,  where  (p.  95.)  the 
same  tale  is  related  which  forms  the  subject  of 
Mrs.  Hemans'  beautiful  ballad,  only  with  this 
difference,  that  there  the  account  of  Roland's 
death  entirely  agrees  with  Schiller's  version  of  the 
story,  whereas  the  English  poet  has  adopted  the 
general  tradition  of  Roland's  fall  at  Roncesvalles. 

Most  of  the  epic  poems  of  the  middle  ages  in 
which  Roland's  death  is  recorded,  especially  the 
different  old  French  Chansons  de  Roland  ou  de 
Rojicevaux,  an  Icelandic  poem  on  the  subject,  and 
Strieker's  middle-high  German  lay  of  Roland,  all 
of  them  written  between  A.I).  1100  and  1230  — 
agree  in  this,  that  after  Roland's  fall  at  Ronces- 
valles, and  the  complete  rout  of  the  heathen  by 
Charlemagne,  the  latter  returns  home  and  is  met 
—  some  say  at  Aix  -la-Chapelle,  others  at  Blavie, 
others  at  Paris  —  by  Alda  or  Alite,  Olivier's 
sister,  who  inquires  of  him  where  Roland,  her 
betrothed,  is.  On  learning  his  fate  she  dies  on 
the  spot  of  grief.  According  to  monk  Conrad 
(about  A.D.  1175),  Alda  was  Roland's  wife.  See 
Ruolandes  Liet,  von  W.  Grimm,  Gottingen,  1838, 
pp.  295—297. 

The  legend  of  Rolandseck,  as  told  by  Bechstein 
from  Rhenish  folk  lore,  begins  thus : 

"  Es  sasz  auf  hoher  Burg  am  Rhein  hoch  uber  dem 
Stromthal  em  junger  Rittersmann,  Roland  geheiszen, 
(manche  sagen  Roland  von  Angers,  Neflfe  Karls  des 
Groszen),  der  liebte  ein  Burgfraulein,  Hildegunde,  die 
Tochter  des  Burggrafen  Heribert,  der  auf  dem  nahen 
Schlosz  Drachenfels  sasz,"  &c. 

Here  the  question  is  left  open  whether  the  hero 
of  the  story  was  Roland  the  Brave,  or  some  other 
knight  of  that  name.  The  latter  seems  the  more 
probable,  as  Roland's  fall  at  Roncesvalles  is  one 
of  the  chief  subjects  of  mediaeval  poetry,  whereas 
the  death  of  knight  Roland  in  sight  of  Nonnen- 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


werth  on  the  Rhine,  forms  the  very  pith  of  the 
German  local  legend.  From  certain  coincidences, 
however,  it  was  easy  to  blend  the  two  stories  to- 
gether into  one,  as  was  done  by  Mrs.  Hemans. 
As  to  Schiller,  we  may  suppose  that  he  either  fol- 
lowed altogether  a  different  legend,  or,  perhaps  to 
avoid  misconception,  substituted  another  name  for 
that  of  knight  Roland,  similar  to  what  he  has 
done  in  other  instances.  R.  R. 

Canterbury. 

I  think  your  correspondent  X.  Y.  Z.  is  mistaken 
in  attributing  to  Mrs.  Hemans  the  lines  on  the 
"  Brave  Roland."  In  Mr.  Campbell's  Poems  he 
will  find  some  stanzas  which  bear  a  striking  re- 
semblance to  those  he  has  quoted.  I  subjoin 
those  stanzas  to  which  X.  Y.  Z.  has  referred  : 

"  The  brave  Roland  !  the  brave  Roland  ! 
False  tidings  reach'd  the  Rhenish  strand 

That  he  had  fall'n  in  fight ; 
And  thy  faithful  bosom  swoon'd  with  pain, 
O  loveliest  maiden  of  Allemayne  ! 

For  the  loss  of  thine  own  true  knight. 
"  But  why  so  rash  has  she  ta'en  the  veil, 
In  yon  Nonnenwerder's  cloisters  pale, 

For  her  vow  had  scarce  been  sworn, 
And  the  fatal  mantle  o'er  her  flung, 
When  the  Drachenfels  to  a  trumpet  rung, 

'Twas  her  own  dear  warrior's  horn ! 

41  She  died  !  he  sought  the  battle  plain  ; 
Her  image  fill'd  his  dying  brain, 

When  he  fell  and  wish'd  to  fall  : 
And  her  name  was  in  his  latest  sigh, 
When  Roland,,  the  flower  of  chivalry, 

Expired  at  Roncevall." 

X.  Y.  Z.  seems  also  to  have  forgotten  what 
Mr.  Campbell  duly  records,  viz.  that  Roland  used 
to  station  himself  at  a  window  overlooking  "  the 
nun's  green  isle ; "  it  being  after  her  decease  that 
he  met  his  death  at  Roncevall,  which  event,  by 
the  way,  is  alluded  to  by  Sir  W.  Scott  in  Mar- 
mion,  canto  vi. : 

"  Oh,  for  a  blast  of  that  dread  horn, 
On  Fontarabian  echoes  borne, 

That  to  King  Charles  did  come ; 
When  Roland  brave,  and  Olivier, 
And  every  paladin  and  peer, 
At  Roncesvalles  died  !" 

H.  B.  F. 

The  legends  of  Roland,  the  nephew  of  Charle- 
magne, are  very  numerous  and  vary  much  from 
each  other.  The  Orlando  of  Pulci  has  a  very 
different  history  from  the  Orlando  of  Bojardo  and 
Ariosto. 

The  legend  of  "  Rolandseck  and  the  ISTonnen- 
werth,"  which  has  been  adopted  by  Campbell,  not 
Mrs.  Hemans,  and  charmingly  set  to  music  by 
Mrs.  Arkwright,  is  well  known  on  the  Rhine. 
There  are  two  poems  on  the  legend  in  Simrock's 


EJieinsagen  (12mo.,  Bonn,  1841),  one  by  the 
editor,  and  another  by  August  Kopisch.  They 
exactly  accord  with  Campbell's  poem. 

The  legend  of  Ritter  Toggenburg  resembles 
that  of  Roland  in  many  particulars,  but  it  is  not 
the  same,  and  it  belongs  to  another  locality,  to 
Kloster  Fischingen,  and  not  to  jN^onnenwerth. 
"Roland  the  Brave"  appears  in  all  the  later 
editions  of  Campbell's  Poems.  Simrock's  Rhein- 
sagen  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  handbooks  that 
any  one  can  take  through  the  romantic  region 
which  the  poems  (partly  well  selected  by  the 
editor,  and  partly  as  well  written  by  himself)  de- 
scribe. E.  C.  H. 

The  author  of  the  beautiful  lines  which  are 
quoted  by  your  correspondent  X.  Y.  Z.,  is  Camp- 
bell, not  Mrs.  Hemans.  The  poet,  in  the  fifth 
stanza  of  his  ballad,  tells  how  the  unfortunate 
Roland,  on  finding  that  Hildegund  had  taken  the 
veil,  was  accustomed  to  sit  at  his  window,  and 
"  sad  and  oft"  to  look  "on  the  mansion  of  his 
love  below." 

*«  There's  yet  one  window  of  that  pile, 
WThich  he  built  above  the  nun's  green  isle ; 

Thence  sad  and  oft  look'd  he 
(When  the  chant  and  organ  sounded  slow) 
On  the  mansion  of  his  love  below, 

For  herself  he  might  not  see. 

«  She  died  1     He  sought  the  battle  plain, 
Her  image  fill'd  his  dying  brain, 

When  he  fell  and  wish'd  to  fall ; 
And  her  name  was  in  his  latest  sigh, 
When  Roland,  the  flower  of  chivalry, 
Expired  at  Roncevall." 

F.  M.  MIDDLETON. 

Scott  has,  in  Marmion,  — 

*'  When  Roland  brave,  and  Olivier, 
And  every  paladin  and  peer, 
At  Roncesvalles  died!" 

I  quote  from  memory,  and  have  not  the  poem. 

F.  C.  B. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Recovery  of  Silver.  —  As  many  correspondents  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  have  asked  how  to  recover  the  silver  from 
their  nitrate  baths  when  deteriorated  or  spoiled, 
perhaps  the  following  hints  may  be  acceptable  to 
them.  Let  them  first  precipitate  the  silver  in  the 
form  of  a  chloride  by  adding  common  salt  to  the 
nitrate  solution.  Let  them  then  filter  it,  and  it  may 
be  reduced  to  its  metallic  state  by  either  of  the  three 
following  methods. 

1.  By  adding  to  the  wet  chloride  at  least  double  its 
volume  of  water,  containing  one-tenth  part  of  sul- 
phuric acid ;  plunge  into  this  a  thick  piece  of  zinc, 
and  leave  it  here  for  four-and-twenty  hours.  The 
chloride  of  silver  will  be  reduced  by  the  formation  of 


I 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


477 


chloride  and  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  of  pure  silver,  which 
will  remain  under  the  form  of  a  blackish  powder, 
which  is  then  to  be  washed,  filtered,  and  preserved  for 
the  purpose  of  making  nitrate  of  silver. 

2.  The  chloride  of  silver  which  is  to  be  reduced  is 
put  into  a  flask  with  about  twice  its  volume  of  a  so- 
lution of  caustic  potash  (of  one  part  of  caustic  potash 
to  nine  of  water),  in  which  a  small  portion  of  sugar 
has  been  dissolved.     Let  it  boil  gently.      The  operation 
is  complete  when  the  blackish  powder  which  results 
from  this  process,  having  been  washed  in  several  waters, 
is  entirely  soluble  in  nitric  acid,  which  is  easily  ascer- 
tained by  experimenting  on  a  small  quantity.      This 
powder  is  to  be   preserved   in   the  same   way  as   the 
former  for  the  purpose  of  converting  it  into  nitrate  of 
silver. 

3.  The  metallic  silver  is  obtained  in  the  form  of  a 
button,    by  mixing    thoroughly    100    parts    of  dried 
chloride  of  silver,  70  parts  of  chalk  or  whitening,  and 
4  parts  of  charcoal.      This  mixture  is  to  be  exposed  in 
a  crucible  to  a  fierce  red  heat  for  at  least  half  an  hour. 
When  completely  cold  the  crucible  is  broken,  and  a 
button  of  pure  silver  is  the  result.     The  first  two  pro- 
cesses are  those  which  I  should  most  strongly  recom- 
mend to  your  correspondents.  N.  C. 


to 

Ashes  of  "Lignites"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  422.).— 
RUSTICUS  is  obliged  to  the  Editor  for  so  soon 
giving  a  reply  to  his  Query  ;  but  seems  convicted 
of  being  a  bad  penman,  like  many  other  rustics. 
For  the  strange  word,  respecting  which  he  asked 
for  information,  having  seen  it  used  in  a  news- 
paper, was  not  lignites  but  liquites.  RUSTICUS 
could  have  guessed  that  the  ashes  of  lignites  were 
but  wood-ashes  under  a  pedantic  name ;  but  a 
term  which  looks,  to  a  rustic,  as  if  chemists  meant 
to  persuade  him  to  burn  his  beer  for  a  valuable 
residuum,  is  more  perplexing.  RUSTICUS. 

Old  Rowley  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  457.,  &c.).— The  late 
Sir  Charles  Bunbury,  who  was  long  the  father  of 
the  Jury,  and  considered  as  an  oracle  in  all  mat- 
ters relating  to  it,  told  me,  many  years  ago,  that 
Charles  II.  was  nicknamed  "Old  Rowley"  after 
a  favourite  stallion  in  the  royal  stud  so  called  ; 
and  he  added,  that  the  same  horse's  appellation 
had  been  ever  since  preserved  in  the  "  Rowley 
Mile,"  a  portion  of  the  race-course  still  much 
used,  and  well-known  to  all  frequenters  of  New- 
market. BRAYBROOKE. 

"  Bachelors  of  every  Station  "  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  301.) 
is  the  beginning  of  the  Berkshire  Lady,  an  old 
ballad  nearly  extinct,  and  republished  by  me  some 
years  ago  in  the  form  of  a  small  pamphlet,  which 
sold  rapidly.  If  I  can  procure  one,  it  shall  be 
forwarded  to  Mr.  Bell. 

The  story  is  a  true  one,  and  related  to  a 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Kendrick's,  who  suc- 


ceeded him,  and  was  possessor  of  Calcot  Place  in 
the  parish  of  Tylehurst,  and  to  Benjamin  Child, 
Esq.,  whom  she  met  at  a  marriage  feast  in  the 
neighbourhood.  A  wood  near  Calcot  is  where  the 
party  met  to  fight  the  duel  in  case  Mr.  Child  re- 
jected the  proposals  of  marriage  made  to  him  by 
Miss  Kendrick. 

I  had  the  account  from  an  old  man  between 
eighty  and  ninety  years  of  age,  clerk  of  the  parish ; 
and  my  friend  Miss  Mitford  agreed  with  me  in 
the  accuracy  of  the  story  :  she  had  it  from  the  late 
Countess  Dowager  of  Macclesfield,  an  old  lady 
celebrated  for  her  extensive  and  accurate  know- 
ledge of  legendary  lore. 

In  opening  a  vault  in  St.  Mary's,  Reading,  last 
year,  her  coffin  was  found  entire,  with  this  in- 
scription : 

*'  Frances  Child,  wife  of  Benjamin  Child,  Esq.,  of 
Calcot,  and  first  daughter  of  Sir  Benjamin  Kendrick, 
Bart.  Died  Feb.  27,  1722,  aged  35.  The  Lady  of 
Berks." 

Another  coffin,  — 

"  Benjamin  Child,  Esq.,  died  2nd  May,  1767,  aged 
84  years." 

JULIA  R.  BOCKETT. 
Southcote  Lodge. 

Househunt  (Yol.  viii.,  pp.  516.  606. ;  Vol.  ix., 
pp.  65.  136. 385.).  —In  Vol.  ix.,  p.  65.,  the  Natural 
History  of  Quadrupeds,  by  James  H.  Fennell,  is 
quoted ;  where,  speaking  of  the  Beech  Marten 
(alias  Mousehunt),  he  says  : 

"  In  Selkirkshire  it  has  been  observed  to  descend 
to  the  shore  at  night  time  to  feed  upon  mollusks,  par- 
ticularly upon  the  large  Basket  Mussel  (Mytilus  mo- 
diolus^)" 

In  p.  136.  I  ventured  to  state  that  Mr.  Fennell 
must  have  been  a  better  naturalist  than  geogra- 
pher, as  Selkirkshire  was  well  known  to  be  an 
inland  county  nowhere  approaching  the  sea  by 
many  miles.  I  added,  that  I  hoped,  for  Mr.  Fen- 
nell's  sake,  that  Selkirkshire  was  either  a  misprint 
or  a  misquotation. 

In  p.  385.  MR.  ARCHIBALD  FRASER,  Woodford, 
not  choosing  to  exonerate  Mr.  Fennell  by  either  of 
my  suggestions,  prefers,  as  a  staunch,  but  I  think 
rather  an  inconsiderate  friend  and  champion,  to 
vindicate  the  paragraph  as  it  stands,  by  candidly 
admitting  that  if  the  word  beach  had  been  used,  it 
would  certainly  have  referred  to  the  sea ;  but  that 
the  word  shore  applies  to  rivers  as  well  as  seas. 
And  he  goes  back  as  far  as  Spenser  to  find  an 
instance  of  its  use,  as  applied  to  the  banks  of  the 
river  Nile. 

I  will  not  agree  that  this  use  is  nearly  obsolete, 
but  give  him  the  full  value  of  his  quotation  from 
Spenser.  But  what  does  he  say  to  the  habitat  of 
the  Mytilus  modiolus,  which  the  Mousehunt  goes 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


to  the  shore  to  feed  upon.  I  quote  from  Bees' 
Cyclopaedia,  voce  "  MYTILUS  :" 

"  MODIOLUS.  Shell  smooth  and  blackish,  obtuse  at 
the  smaller  end,  and  rounded  at  the  other ;  one  side 
near  the  beaks  is  angular.  Two  varieties  are  noticed 
by  Lister.  It  inhabits  the  European,  American,  and 
Indian  seas,  adhering  to  fuci  and  zoophytes ;  is  six  or 
seven  inches  long,  and  about  half  as  broad  :  the  fish  is 
red  or  orange,  and  eatable." 

J.  S.s. 

Value  of  Money  in  the  Seventeenth  Century 
(Vol.  ix.  p.  375.).  —  Say,  in  his  Political  Eco- 
nomy (Prinsep's  translation,  i.  413.),  has  furnished 
a  comparative  statement,  the  result  of  which  is, 
that  the  setier  of  wheat,  whose  relative  value  to 
other  commodities  has  varied  little  from  1520 
down  to  the  present  time,  has  undergone  great 
fluctuations,  being  worth  — 

A.T).  1520      -         -       512  gr.  of  pure  silver. 

A.n.  1536      -         -     1063  ditto. 

A.D.  1602      -         -     2060  ditto. 

A.D.  1789      -         -     2012  ditto. 

Whence  it  may  be  inferred  that  1000?.  in  1640, 
1660,  and  1680  did  not  vary  much  from  its  value 
at  the  present  time,  such  value  being  measured  in 
silver.  But  as  the  value  of  all  commodities  re- 
solves itself  ultimately  into  the  cost  of  labour,  the 
rate  of  wages  at  these  dates,  in  the  particular 
country  or  part  of  a  country,  must  be  taken  as 
the  only  safe  criterion. 

Thus,  if  labour  were  20^.  per  diem  in  1640,  and 
is  40d.  at  this  time,  1000Z.  in  1640  is  equivalent 
to  5001.  (only  half  as  much)  now.  But,  on  the 
contrary,  as  the  cost  of  production  of  numerous 
articles  by  machinery,  &c.  has  been  by  so  much 
reduced,  the  power  of  purchase  now,  as  compared 
with  1640,  of  1000Z.,  is  by  so  much  increased.  The 
article  itself  must  determine  by  how  much.  The 
question  put  by  C.  H.  is  too  general  to  admit  of  a 
positive  solution  ;  but  should  he  specify  the  com- 
modity and  place  of  investment  in  the  seventeenth 
century  and  to-day  of  the  1000/.,  our  statistics 
might  still  be  at  fault,  and  deny  us  even  a  prox- 
imate determination  of  his  inquiry.  Even  his 
1000^.,  which  he  may  consider  a  fixed  measure  of 
value,  or  punctum  comparationis,  is  varying  in 
value  (=power  of  purchase)  daily,  even  hourly, 
as  regards  almost  every  exchangeable  product. 
Tooke  On  Prices  is  a  first-rate  authority  on  this 
subject.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Grammars  for  Public  Schools  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  8. 
209.). — Pray  add  this  little  gem  to  your  list,  now 
scarce : 

"  The  Gate  of  Tongues  Unlocked  and  Opened,  or  else 
A  Seminarie  or  Seed  Plot  of  all  Tongues  and  Sciences, 
that  is,  a  short  way  of  teaching  and  thorowly  learning, 
within  a  yeare  and  a  half  at  the  farthest,  the  Latin, 


English,  French,  and  any  other  tongue,  together  with 
the  ground  and  foundation  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  com- 
prised under  an  hundred  Titles  and  1058  Periods. 
In  Latine  first,  and  now  as  a  token  of  thankfulnesse 
brought  to  light  in  Latine,  English,  and  French,  in  the 
behalfe  of  the  most  illustrious  Prince  Charles,  and  of 
British,  French,  and  Irish  Youths.  By  the  labour  and 
industry  of  John  Anchoran,  Licentiate  of  Divinity, 
London,  1633." 

Our  British  youths  of  those  days  seem  to  have 
been  apt  scholars.  I.  T.  ABBOTT. 

Darlington. 

Classic  Authors  and  the  Jews  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  221. 
384.). — Any  edition  of  the  Histories  Augusta  Scrip- 
tores  Sex,  containing  an  index,  ought  to  supply 
B.  H.  C.  with  a  few  additional  references.  See,  for 
instance,  the  Index  to  the  Bipont  Edition,  2  vols. 
8vo.,  CIOIOCCLXXXVII,  under  the  words  "  Judasi," 
"  Judaicus,"  "  Moses."  C.  FORBES. 

Temple. 

Hand-bells  at  Funerals  (Vol.  ii.,  p.  478. ;  Vol.  vii., 
p.  297.). — A  few  years  ago  I  happened  to  arrive 
at  the  small  sea-port  of  RoscofF,  near  the  ancient 
cathedral  town  of  St.  Pol  de  Leon  in  Britanny,  on 
the  day  appointed  for  the  funeral  of  one  of  the 
members  of  a  family  of  very  old  standing  in  that 
neighbourhood?  My  attention  was  attracted  by  a 
number  of  boys  running  about  the  streets  with 
small  hand-bells,  with  which  they  kept  up  a  per- 
petual tinkling.  On  inquiring  of  a  friend  of  mine, 
a  native  of  the  place,  what  this  meant,  he  in- 
formed me  that  it  was  an  old  custom  in  Britanny — 
but  one  which  in  the  present  day  had  almost 
fallen  into  disuse — to  send  boys  round  from  door 
to  door  with  bells  to  announce  when  a  death  had 
occurred,  and  to  give  notice  of  the  day  and  the 
hour  at  which  the  funeral  was  to  take  place,  beg- 
ging at  the  same  time  the  prayers  of  the  faithful 
for  the  soul  of  the  deceased.  The  boys  selected 
for  this  office  are  taken  from  the  most  indigent 
classes,  and,  on  the  day  of  the  funeral,  receive  cloaks 
of  coarse  black  cloth  as  an  alms:  thus  attired, 
they  attend  the  funeral  procession,  tinkling  their 
bells  as  they  go  along.  EDGAR  MAcCuLLocn. 

Guernsey. 

"  Warple-way"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  125.). — The  com- 
munications of  your  correspondents  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  232.)  can  scarcely  be  called  answers  to  the 
questions  put. 

I  find,  in  Holloway's  Dictionary  of  Provin- 
cialisms, 8vo.,  1838,  that  a  ridge  of  land  is  called, 
in  husbandry,  a  warp.  It  is  defined  to  be  a  quan- 
tity of  land  consisting  of  ten,  twelve,  or  more 
ridges ;  on  each  side  of  which  a  furrow  is  left,  to 
carry  off  the  water. 

Again,  in  Halliwell's  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and 
Provincial  Words,  two  volumes,  1847,  it  will  be 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


479 


found  that  warps  are  distinct  pieces  of  ploughed 
land,  separated  by  furrows.  I  think  I  here  give 
the  derivation  and  meaning,  and  refer  to  the 
authority.  If  the  derivation  be  not  here  given, 
then  I  would  refer  to  the  Saxon  word  werpen, 
meaning  "  to  cast." 

Across  marshy  grounds,  to  this  day,  are  seen 
ridges  forming  foot-paths,  with  a  furrow  on  each 
side.  A  ridge  of  this  sort  would  formerly  be, 
perhaps,  a  warple-way.  Or  perhaps  a  path  across 
an  open  common  field,  cast  off  or  divided,  as 
Halliwell  mentions,  by  warps,  would  be  a  warple- 


way. 


VIATOR. 


Wapple-way,  or,  as  on  the  borders  of  Surrey 
and  Sussex  it  is  called,  waffel-waij :  and  the  gate 
itself,  waffel-gate.  If  it  should  appear,  as  in  the 
cases  familiar  to  me,  these  waffel-ways  run  along 
the  borders  of  shires  and  divisions  of  shires,  such 
as  hundreds,  I  would  suggest  that  they  were  mili- 
tary roads, — the  derivation  waife  (Ger.),  wenpon. 

H.  F.  B. 

Medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  105.  311.).  —  With  reference  to  the  observa- 
tions of  your  correspondents  A.  S.  and  H.,  I  would 
beg  to  observe  that,  some  time  ago,  I  gave  to  the 
Museum  at  Winchester  a  medal  struck  on  the 
occasion  of  the  marriage  of  Prince  James  F.  E. 
Stuart  and  M.  Clementina  Sobieski :  on  the  ob- 
verse is  a  very  striking  head  and  bust  of  Clemen- 
tina, with  this  inscription : 

"  Clementina,  M.  Britan.,  Fr.,  et  Hib.  Regina." 

On  the  reverse  is  Clementina,  driving  an  ancient 
chariot  towards  the  Colosseum,  with  this  inscrip- 
tion :  on  the  top — 

"  Fortunam  causamque  sequor." 
at  the  bottom — 

"  Deceptis  Cusfodibus.     MDCCXIX." 

This  latter  inscription  refers  to  her  escape  from 
Innspruck,  where  the  princess  and  her  suite  had 
been  detained  by  the  emperor's  orders. 

This  marriage,  to  prevent  which  so  many  efforts 
were  made,  prolonged  for  eighty-eight  years  the 
unfortunate  House  of  Stuart.  E.  S.  S.  W. 

Shohspeare 's  Inheritance  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  75. 154.). 
—  Probably  the  following  extracts  from  Littleton's 
Tenures  in  English,  lately  perused  and  amended 
(1656),  may  tend  to  a  right  understanding  of  the 
meaning  of  inheritance  and  purchase  —  if  so,  you 
may  print  them : 

"  Tenant  in  fee  simple  is  he  which  hath  lands  or 
tenements  to  hold  to  him  and  his  heires  for  ever  :  and 
it  is  called  in  Latine  feodum  simplex;  for  feodum  is 
called  inheritance,  and  simplex  is  as  much  to  say  as 
lawful  or  pure,  and  so  feodum  simplex  is  as  much  to 
say  as  lawfull  or  pure  inheritance.  For  if  a  man 


will  purchase  lands  or  tenements  in  fee  simple,  it  be- 
hoveth  him  to  have  these  words  in  his  purchase,  To 
have  and  to  hold  unto  him  and  to  his  heires  :  for  these 
words  (his  heires)  make  the  estate  of  inheritance, 
Anno  10  Henrici  6.  fol.  38. ;  for  if  any  man  purchase 
lands  in  these  words,  To  have  and  to  hold  to  him  for 
ever,  or  by  such  words,  To  have  and  to  hold  to  him 
and  to  his  assigns  for  ever ;  in  these  two  cases  he  hath 
none  estate  but  for  terme  of  life ;  for  that,  that  he 
lacketh  these  words  (his  heires),  which  words  only 
make  the  estate  of  inheritance  in  all  feoffements  and 
grants." 

"  And  it  is  to  be  understood  that  this  word  (inherit- 
ance) is  not  only  understood  where  a  man  hath  lands 
or  tenements  by  descent  of  heritage,  but  also  every  fee 
simple  or  fee  taile  that  a  man  hath  by  his  purchase, 
may  be  said  inheritance;  for  that,  thus  his  heires  may 
inherrte  them.  For  in  a  Writ  of  Right  that  a  man 
bringeth  of  land  that  was  of  his  own  purchase,  the 
writ  shall  say,  Quam  clarnat  esse  jus  et  hcereditatem  suam, 
this  is  to  say,  which  he  claimeth  to  be  his  right  and 
his  inheritance." 

"  Also  purchase  is  called  the  possession  of  lands  or 
tenements  that  a  man  hath  by  his  deed  or  by  his  agree- 
ment, unto  which  possession  he  commeth,  not  by 
descent  of  any  of  his  ancestors  or  of  his  cosins,  but  by 
his  own  deed." 

J.  BELL. 

Cranhroke,  Kent. 

Cassock  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  101.  337.).  — A  note  in 
Whalley's  edition  of  Sen  Jonson  has  the  following 
remark  on  this  word  : 

"  Cassock,  in  the  sense  it  is  here  used,  is  not  to  be 
met  with  in  our  common  dictionaries  :  it  signifies  a 
soldier's  loose  outward  coat,  and  is  taken  in  that  ac- 
ceptation by  the  writers  of  Jonson's  times.  Thus 
Shakspeare,  in  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well  : 

f  Half  of  the  which  dare  not  shake  the  snow  from 
their  cassocks.'" 

This  is  confirmed  in  the  passage  of  Jonson,  on 
which  the  above  is  a  note. 

"  This  small  service  will  bring  him  clean  out  of  love 
with  the  soldier.  He  will  never  come  within  the 
sign  of  it,  the  sight  of  a  cassock." —  Every  Man  in  his 
Humour,  Act  II.  Sc.  5. 

The  cassock,  as  well  as  the  gown  and  band, 
seem  to  have  been  the  usual  attire  of  the  clergy 
on  all  occasions  in  the  last  century,  as  we  find 
from  the  paintings  of  Hogarth  and  the  writings  of 
Fielding,  &c.  When  did  this  custom  cease  ?  Can 
any  reader  of  "  1ST.  &  Q."  supply  traditional  proof 
of  clergymen  appearing  thus  apparelled  in  ordinary 
life?  E.  H.  M.  L. 

Tailless  Cats  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  10.).  —  On  the  day  on 
which  this  Query  met  my  eye,  a  friend  informed 
me  that  she  had  just  received  a  letter  from  an 
American  clergyman  travelling  in  Europe,  in 
which  he  mentioned  having  seen  a  tailless  cat  in 
Scotland,  called  a  Manx  cat,  from  having  come 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  238. 


from  the  Isle  of  Man.     This  is  not  "  a  Jonathan." 
Perhaps  the  Isle  of  Man  is  too  small  to  swing  long- 
tailed  cats  in.  UNEDA. 
Philadelphia. 

Mr.  T.  D.  Stephens,  of  Trull  Green,  near  this 
town,  has  for  some  years  had  and  bred  the  Manx 
tailless  cat;  and,  1  have  no  doubt,  would  have 
pleasure  in  showing  them  to  your  correspondent 
SHIRLEY  HIBBERD,  should  he  ever  be  in  this 
neighbourhood.  K.  Y. 

Taunton. 

A  friend  of  mine,  who  resided  in  the  Park  Farm, 
Kimberley,  had  a  breed  of  tailless  cats,  arising  from 
the  tail  of  one  of  the  cats  in  the  first  instance 
baving  been  cut  off;  many  of  the  kittens  came 
tailless,  some  with  half  length  ;  and,  occasionally, 
one  of  a  litter  with  a  tail  of  the  usual  length,  and 
this  breed  continued  through  several  generations. 

G.  J. 

Names  of  Slaves  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  339.). — I  can 
answer  the  first  of  J.  F.  M.'s  Queries  in  the  affirm- 
ative ;  it  being  common  to  see  in  Virginia  slaves, 
or  free  people  who  have  been  slaves,  with  names 
acquired  in  the  manner  suggested :  e.  g.  "  Philip 
Washington,"  better  known  in  Jefferson  county 
us  "  Uncle  Phil.,"  formerly  a  slave  of  the  Wash- 
ingtons.  A  large  family,  liberated  and  sent  to 
Cape  Palmas,  bore  the  surname  of  "  Davenport," 
from  the  circumstance  that  their  progenitor  had 
been  owned  by  the  Davenports.  In  fact,  the 
practice  is  almost  universal.  But  fancy  names  are 
generally  used  as  first  names:  e.g.  John  Ran- 
dolph, Peyton,  Jefferson,  Fairfax,  Carter,  &c.  A 
fine  old  body-servant  of  Col.  Willis  was  called 
"  Burgundy,"  shortened  into  "  Uncle  Gundy."  So 
that  "  Milton,"  in  the  case  mentioned,  may  have 
been  merely  the  homage  paid  to  genius  by  some 
enthusiastic  admirer  of  that  poet.  J.  BALCH. 

Philadelphia. 

Heraldic  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  271.).  — On  the  brass  of 
Robert  Arthur,  St.  Mary's,  Chartham,  Kent,  are 
two  shields  bearing  a  fess  engrailed  between  three 
trefoils  slipped  :  which  may  probably  be  the  same 
as  that  about  which  Locc AN  inquires,  though  I  anr 
unable  to  tell  the  colours.  There  are  two  other 
shields  bearing,  Two  bars  within  a  bordure.  The 
inscription  is  as  follows  : ' 

"  Hie  iacet  dns  Robertas  Arthur  quondam  Rector 
isti'  Ecclie  qui  obiit  xxviii0  die  marcii  A°  dni  Millo 
CCCOLIIII0.  Cui'  ale  ppiciet'  de'  Arae." 

F.  G. 

Solar  Annual  Eclipse  0/1263  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  441.). 
— Mr.  Tytler,  in  the  first  volume  of  his  History  of 
Scotland,  mentions  that  this  eclipse,  which  occurred 
about  2  P.M.  on  Sunday,  August  5,  1263,  has  been 
found  by  calculation  to  have  been  actually  central 


and  annular  to  Ronaldsvoe,  in  the  Orkneys,  where 
the  Norwegian  fleet  was  then  lying  :  a  fine  ex- 
ample, as  he  justly  adds,  "  of  the  clear  and  certain 
light  reflected  by  the  exact  sciences  on  history." 
S.  asks,  is  this  eclipse  mentioned  by  any  other 
writer  ?  As  connected  with  the  Norwegian  expe- 
dition, it  would  seem  not ;  but  Matthew  of  West- 
minster (vol.  ii.  p.  408.,  Bonn's  edit.)  mentions  it 
having  been  seen  in  England,  although  he  places 
it  erroneously  on  the  6th  of  the  month. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

JBrissot  de  Warville  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  335.).  — Bris- 
sot's  Memoires  is  a  very  common  book  in  the  ori- 
ginal, and  has  gone  through  several  editions. 
The  passage  quoted  by  N.  J.  A.  was  only  an 
impudent  excuse  for  an  impudent  assumption. 
Brissot,  in  his  early  ambition,  wished  to  pass 
himself  off  as  a  gentleman,  and  called  himself 
Brissot  de  Warville,  as  Danton  did  D'Anton,  and 
Robespierre  de  Robespierre;  but  when  these 
worthies  were  endeavouring  to  send  M.  de  War- 
ville to  the  scaffold  as  an  aristocrat,  he  invented 
this  fable  of  his  father's  having  some  landed  pro- 
perty at  Ouarville  en  Beauce  (not  Beance),  and  that 
he  was  called,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  coun- 
try, from  this  place,  where,  it  seems,  he  was  put  out 
to  nurse.  When  the  dread  of  the  guillotine  made 
M.  de  Warville  anxious  to  get  rid  of  his  aristo- 
cratic pretensions,  he  confessed  (in  those  same 
Memoires}  that  his  father  kept  a  cook's  shop  in  the 
town  of  Chartres,  and  was  so  ignorant  that  he 
could  neither  read  nor  write.  I  need  not  add, 
that  his  having  had  a  landed  property  to  justify, 
in  any  way,  the  son's  territorial  appellation,  was  a 
gross  fiction. 

"Le  Compere  Mathieu"  (Vol.  vi.,  pp.  11.  111. 
181.).  —  On  the  fly-leaf  of  my  copy  (three  vols. 
12mo.,  Londres,  1766)  of  this  amusing  work, 
variously  attributed  by  your  correspondents  to 
Mathurin  Laurent  and  the  Abbe  du  Laurens,  is 
written  the  following  note,  in  the  hand  of  its  former 
possessor,  Joseph  Whateley : 

"  Ecrit  par  Diderot,  fils  d'un  Coutelier  :  un  homme 
tres  licentieux,  qui  ecrit  encore  plusieurs  autres  Ou- 
vrages,  comme  La  Religieuse,  Les  Bijoux  mechant(stc), 
&c.  II  jouit  un  grand  role  apres  dans  la  Revolution. 

"  J.  W." 

By  the  way,  A.  N.  styles  it  "  a  not  altogether 
undull  work."  May  I  ask  him  to  elucidate  this 
phrase,  as  I  am  totally  at  a  loss  to  comprehend  its 
meaning.  "Not  undull"  must  surely  mean  dull, 
if  anything.  The  work,  however,  is  the  reverse 
of  dull.  WILLIAM  BATES. 

Birmingham. 

Etymology  of  "Awkward"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  310.). — 
H.  C.  K.  has  probably  given  the  true  derivation 
of  this  word,  but  he  might  have  noticed  the  singu- 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


481 


larity  of  one  Anglo-Saxon  word  branching  off 
into  two  forms,  signifying  different  ways  of  acting 
wrong;  one,  awkward,  implying  ignorance  and 
clumsiness ;  the  other,  wayward,  perverseness  and 
obstinacy.  That  the  latter  word  is  derived  from 
the  source  from  which  he  deduces  awkward,  can, 
bs  I  conceive,  admit  of  no  doubt.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

'  Life  and  Death  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  296.)-— What  ^is 
death  but  a  sleep  ?  We  shall  awake  refreshed  in 
the  morning.  Thus  Psalm  xvii.  15. ;  Rom.  vi.  5. 
For  the  full  meanings,  see  these  passages  in  the 
original  tongues.  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  whose 
Hydriotaphia  abounds  with  quaint  and  beautiful 
allusions  to  this  subject,  says,  in  one  place,  "  Sleep 
is  so  like  death,  that  I  dare  not  trust  him  without 
my  prayers:"  and  he  closes  his  learned  treatise 
with  the  following  sentence  : 

"  To  live  indeed  is  to  be  again  ourselves ;  which 
being  not  only  a  hope,  but  an  evidence  in  noble  be- 
lievers, it  is  all  one  to  lie  in  St.  Innocent's  churchyard 
as  in  the  sands  of  Egypt ;  ready  to  be  anything  in  the 
ecstasy  of  being  ever,  and  as  content  with  six  feet  as 
the  moles  of  Adrianus." 

"  Tabesne  cadavera  solvat, 
An  rogus,  baud  refert." — Lucan. 

How  fine,  also  is  that  philosophical  sentiment  of 
Lucan : 

"  Victurosque  Dei  celant,  ut  vivere  durent, 
Felix  esse  mori." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  say  in  what 
work  the  following  analogous  passage  occurs,  and 
who  is  the  author  of  it  ?  The  stamp  of  thought 
is  rather  of  the  philosophic  pagan  than  the  Chris- 
tian, though  the  latinity  is  more  monkish  than 
classic : 

"  Emori  nolo,  sed  me  esse  mortuum,  nihil  euro." 

J.L. 

Dublin. 

These  notes  remind  my  parishioners  of  an  epi- 
taph on  a  child  in  Morwenstow  churchyard  : 

"  Those  whom  God  loves  die  young  ! 

They  see  no  evil  days  ; 
No  falsehood  taints  their  tongue, 
No  wickedness  their  ways  1 

"  Baptized,  and  so  made  sure 
To  win  their  blest  abode  ; 
What  could  we  pray  for  more  ? 
They  die,  and  are  with  God  !" 

R.  H.  MORWENSTOW. 

Shelley's  "Prometheus  Unbound"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  351.).  —  I  offer  a  conjecture  on  the  meaning  of 
the  obscure  passage  adduced  by  J.  S.  WARDEN. 
It  seerns  that  Shelley  intended  to  speak  of  that 
peculiar  feeling,  or  sense,  which  affects  us  so  much 
in  circumstances  which  he  describes.  With  the 
slight  alterations  indicated  by  Italics,  his  meaning 


I  think  will  be  apparent ;  though  in  his  hurry,  or 
inadvertence,  he  has  left  his  lines  very  confused 
and  ungrammatical. 

"  Who  made  that  sense  which,  when  the  winds  of  spring 
Make  rarest  visitation,  or  the  voice 
Of  one  beloved  is  heard  in  youth  alone, 
Fills  the  faint  eyes  with  falling  tears,"  &c. 

F.  C.  H. 

"  Three  Crowns  and  a  Sugar-loaf"  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  350.).  —  The  latter  was  perhaps  originally  a 
mitre  badly  drawn,  and  worse  copied,  till  it  re- 
ceived a  new  name  from  that  it  most  resembled. 
The  proper  sign  would  be  "  The  Three  Crowns 
and  a  Mitre,"  equivalent  to  "  The  Bishop's  Arms :" 
if  Franche  was  in  the  diocese  of  Ely,  or  Bristol, 
the  reference  would  be  clearer.  Similar  changes 
are  known  to  have  happened.  G.  R.  YORK. 

To  the  inquiry  of  CID,  as  to  the  meaning  of  the 
above  sign  of  an  inn,  I  answer  that  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  its  original  meaning  was  the 
Pope's  tiara.  F.  C.  H. 

Stanza  in  "  Childe  Harold"  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  258.). 
— I  fear  that,  considering  Lord  Byron's  caco- 
graphy  and  carelessness,  a  reference  to  his  MS. 
would  not  mend  the  matter  much ;  as,  although 
the  stanza  undoubtedly  contains  some  errors 
due  to  the  printer  or  transcriber  for  the  press, 
the  obscurity  and  unconnected  language  are 
his  lordship's  own,  and  nothing  short  of  a  com- 
plete recast  could  improve  it  materially  :  however, 
to  make  the  verses  such  as  Byron  most  probably 
wrote  them,  an  alteration  of  little  more  than  one 
letter  is  required.  For  "  wasted,"  read  "  washed ;" 
to  supply  the  deficient  syllable,  insert  "  yet "  or 
"  still "  after  "  they,"  and  remove  the  semicolon  in 
the  next  line  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  the 
verse.  Then  the  stanza  runs  thus  : 

"  Thy  shores  are  empires,  changed  in  all  save  thee ; 

Assyria,  Greece,  Rome,  Carthage,  where  are  they  ? 
Thy  waters  wash'd  them  while  they  yet  were  free, 

And  many  a  tyrant  since  their  sbores  obey, 
The  stranger,  slave,  or  savage — their  decay 
Has  dried  up  realms  to  deserts,"  &c. 

The  sentiment  is  clear  enough,  although  not 
well  expressed  ;  and  the  use  of  the  present  tense, 
"  obey,"  for  "  have  obeyed,"  is  not  at  all  warranted 
by  the  usage  of  our  language.  In  plain  prose,  it 
means  — 

"  Thy  waters  washed  their  shores  while  they  were 
independent,  and  do  so  still,  although  many  a  race  of 
tyrants  has  successively  reigned  over  them  since  then : 
their  decay  has  converted  many  fertile  regions  to  wil- 
dernesses, but  thou  art  still  unchanged." 

Not  having  your  earlier  volumes  at  hand,  I  cannot 
be  sure  that  these  conjectures  of  mine  are  original 
(the  correction  in  the  punctuation  of  the  fourth 
line  certainly  is  not),  and  have  only  to  request  the 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  238. 


forbearance  of  any  of  your  correspondents  whose 
"thunder"  I  may  have  unwittingly  appropriated. 

J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Errors  in  Punctuation  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  217.). — 
Every  one  must  agree  with  R.  H.  C.  as  to  the 
importance  of  correct  punctuation ;  and  it  may 
easily  be  supposed  how  it  must  puzzle  readers  of 
works  whose  language  is  in  great  part  obsolete,  to 
meet  with  mistakes  of  this  kind,  when  we  find 
modern  writers  frequently  rendered  almost  unin- 
telligible by  similar  errors.  To  take  those  whose 
works  have,  perhaps,  been  oftener  reprinted  than 
any  others  of  this  century,  Byron  and  Scott,  the 
foregoing  passage  in  Childe  Harold  is  a  signal  in- 
stance ;  and  as  another,  the  Sonnet  translated  by 
Byron  from  Vittorelli,  has  only  had  corrected  in 
the  very  latest  editions,  an  error  in  the  punctu- 
ation of  the  first  two  lines  which  rendered  them 
a  mystery  to  those  who  did  not  understand  the 
original,  as  printed  on  the  opposite  page.  In  note 
12  to  the  5th  Canto  of  Marmion,  every  edition, 
British  or  foreign,  down  to  the  present  day, 
punctuates  the  last  two  or  three  lines  as  follows  : 

"  A  torquois  ring  ;  —  probably  this  fatal  gift  is,  with 
James's  sword  and  dagger,  preserved  in  the  College  of 
Heralds,  London." 

Sir  Walter  is  thus  made  to  express  a  doubt, 
which  he  never  intended,  as  to  the  ring  being 
there.  A  comma  after  "ring,"  another  after 
"gift,"  and  the  omission  of  the  dash,  will  restore 
the  true  meaning  of  the  sentence.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Waugh  of  Cumberland  (Vol.  ixM  p.  272.).  — 
John  Waugh  (D.C.L.,  Feb.  8,  1734)  —  born  and 
educated  at  Appleby,  Fellow  of  Queen's  College, 
Oxford ;  Rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Cornhill ;  Prebend- 
ary of  Lincoln ;  Dean  of  Gloucester,  —  was  con- 
secrated to  the  See  of  Carlisle  Oct.  13,  1723  :  he 
died  Oct.  1734,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
St.  Peter,  Cornhill.  He  bore  for  arms  :  Arg.,  on 
a  chevron  engrailed  gules,  three  bezants. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

"  Could  we  with  ink"  fyc.  (Vol.  viii.  passim}.  — 
Perhaps  one  more  communication  may  find  admis- 
sion on  the  above  interesting  lines.  I  received 
from  a  clerical  friend,  many  years  ago,  a  version 
of  them,  which  differs  considerably  from  that 
given  in  "  1ST.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  viii.,  p.  127.  The  varia- 
tions I  have  marked  by  Italics  : 

"  Could  you  with  ink  the  ocean  fill, 

Were  the  whole  world  of  parchment  made, 
Were  every  single  stick  a  quill, 

And  every  man  a  scribe  by  trade, 
To  write  the  love  of  God  alone, 

Would  drain  the  ocean  dry, 
Nor  could  the  earth  contain  the  scroll, 
Though  stretch'd  from  sky  to  sky." 


My  friend  did  not  profess  to  know  who  wrote 
these  lines  ;  but  he  understood  that  they  were  an 
attempt  to  render  in  English  verse  a  sublime  pas- 
sage of  the  great  St.  Augustin.  It  is  highly  pro- 
bable that  this  eminent  "Father  was  the  original 
author  of  the  passage.  It  is  extremely  like  one 
of  his  grand  conceptions  ;  but  I  have  hitherto 
searched  his  voluminous  works  for  it  in  vain. 

F.  C.  H. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO    PURCHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

THE  HUNDRED  AND  TEN  CONSIDERATIONS  OP  SIGNIOR  JOHN  VAL- 
DESSO,  translated  by  Nich.  Farrer.  Oxford,  1638;  or  the  later 
edition  of  1650. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols,  25.  Parliament  Street. 


ARCHBISHOP  LAWRENCE'S  EXAMINATION  OF  GRIESBACH'S  SYSTE- 
MATIC CLASSIFICATION  OF  MSS. 

Wanted  by  Longman  #  Co.,  Paternoster  Row. 


POEMS  ON  "SEVERAL  OCCASIONS,  by  William  Broome,  LL.D. 

London,  1727-1739.    8vro. 

ASSIZE  SERMON,  by:  the  same,  on  Ps.  cxxii.  6.    4to.     1737. 
SERMON,  by  the  same,  on  1  Tim.  ii.  1,  2.    8vo.  1700. 

Wanted  by  T.  W.  Barlow,  St.  James'  Chambers,  Manchester. 


Osw.  CROLLIUS'S  ADMONITORY  PREFACE,  in  English.     London, 
1657.  8vo. 

THE  MYSTERIES  OF  NATURE.  London,  1657.  8vo. 

ON  SIGNATURES.    London,  1669.     Folio. 


Wanted  by  J.  G.,  care  of  Messrs.  Ponsonby,  Booksellers,  Grafton 
Street,  Dublin. 


WARREN'S  COLLECTION  OP  GLEES.  Wanted,  to  perfect  the  Set, 
Nos.  7.  10.  17.  25.  and  27  to  32  inclusive.  Any  one  possessing 
the  above,  or  a  portion  of  them,  may  hear  of  a  purchaser,  upon 
application  at  Novello's  Sacred  Music  Warehouse,  69.  Dean 
Street,  Soho  Square. 

The  following  Works  of  Symon  Patrick,  late  Lord  Bishop  of 
Ely,&c.:_ 

SERMON  AT  THE  FUNERAL  OF  MR.  JOHN  SMITH.    1652. 

DIVINE    ARITHMETIC,  Sermon   at  the  Funeral  of  Mr.  Samuel 

Jacomb,  June  17,  1659. 

ANGLIC  SPECULUM,  Sermon  at  the  Fast,  April  24,  1678. 
SERMON  AT  COVENT  GARDEN,  Advent  Sunday,  1678. 
SERMON  ON  ST.  PETER'S  DAY,  with  enlargements.    1687. 
SERMON  ON  ST.  MARK'S  DAY.     lr>86. 
FAST  SERMON  BEFORE  THE   KING  AND    QUEEN,  April   16,  1690: 

Prov.  xiv.  34. 

EXPOSITION  OF  THE  TEN  COMMANDMENTS.    16G5. 
DISCOURSE  CONCERNING  PRAYER. 
THE  PILLAR  AND  GROUND  OF  TRUTH.    4to.    1687. 
EXAMINATION  OF  BELLARMINE'S  SECOND  NOTE  OF  THE  CHURCH, 

viz.,  Antiquity.    4to.     1687. 
EXAMINATION  OF  THE  TEXTS  WHICH  PAPISTS  CITE  OUT  OF  THE 

BIBLE  TO  PROVE  THE  SUPREMACY  OF  ST.  PETER,  &c.    1688. 
ANSWER  TO  A  BOOK  ENTITLED  "  THE  TOUCHSTONE  OF  THE  RE. 

FORMED  GOSPEL."     1692. 

A  PRIVATE  PRAYER  TO  BE  USED  IN  DIFFICULT  TIMES. 
A    THANKSGIVING    FOR   ouu   LATE    WONDERFUL    DELIVERANCE. 


Wanted  by  the  Rev.  Alexander  Taylor,  3.  Blomfield  Terrace, 
Paddington. 


MAY  20.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


THE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  ARTS,  MANUFACTURES,  AND  COMMERCE,  or 
a  Description  of  Machines  and  Models,  &c.,  contained  in  the 
Repository  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  &c.  By  William  Bailey, 
Registrar'of  the  Society,  1772. 

A  REGISTER  OF  THE  PREMIUMS  AND  BOUNTIES  GIVEN  BY  THE 
SOCIETY  FOR  THK  ENCOURAGEMENT  OF  ARTS,  MANUFACTURES, 
AND  COMMERCE,  from  the  original  Institution  in  the  year  1754 
to  1776  inclusive.  Printed  tor  the  Society  by  James  Phillips. 
1778. 

Wanted  by  P.  Le  Neve  Foster,  7.  Upper  Grove  Lane,  Camberwell. 

SCOTT'S  POETICAL  WORKS.  8vo.  1830.  Vol.  I.,  or  the  "Minstrelsy," 

of  that  date. 

SOUTHEY'S  BRAZIL.    4to.    Vols.  II.  and  III. 
SALAZAR,  HISTORIA  DE  LA  CONQUISTA  DE  MEXICO.    Fol.  1743  or 

PERCY  SOCIETY'S  PUBLICATIONS,  93  and  94.    (II.  will  be  given  for 
Wanted  by  J.  R.  Smith,  36.  Soho  Square. 

ARCH;EOLOGIA,  Number s  or  Volumes,  from  Vol.  XXV.  to  Vol. 
XXIX.  inclusive. 
Wanted  by  James  Dearden,  Upton  House,  Poole,  Dorset. 


tfl 

We  have  been  induced,  by  the  number  of  articles  which  we  have 
in  type  waiting  for  insertion t  to  omit  our  usual  NOTES  ON  BOOKS, 
&c. 

AGMOND.     Cecil  was  written  by  Mrs.  Gore. 

F.  M.  M.  Balaam  Box  has  long  been  used  in  Blackwood  as  the 
name  of  the  depository  of  rejected  articles.  The  allusion  is 
obvious. 

H.  M.  II.  will  find  all  the  information  he  can  desire  respecting 
The  Gentlemen  at  Arms,  in  Pegge's  Curialia ;  Thiselton's  Memoir 
of  that  Corps,  published  in  1819  ;  or,  better  still,  Curling's  Account 
of  the  Ancient  Corps  of  Gentlemen  at  Arms,  8vo.  1850. 

J.  C.  K.  The  coin  is  a  very  common  penny  of  Henry  III., 
worth  ninepence,  or  a  shilling  at  most. 

BALLIOLENSIS.  Parson's  jeu  d' esprit  is  reprinted  in  the  Facetiae 
Cantabrigienses  (1850),  p.  16. 

ENQUIRER.  A  triolet  is  a  stanza  of  eight  lines,  in  which,  after 
the  third  the, first  line,  and  after  the  sixth  the  first  two  lines,  are 
repeated,  so  that  the  first  line  is  heard  three  times  :  hence  the  name. 
It  is  suited  for  playful  and  light  subjects,  and  is  cultivated  by  the 
French  and  Germans.  The  volume  of  Patrick  Carey's  Trivial 
Poems  and  Triolets,  edited  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  1820,  from  a 
MS.  c/1651,  is  an  early  instance  of  the  use  of  the  term. 


A.  B.  M.  The  line  referred  to—"  Pride,  pomp,  and  circumstance 
of  glorious  war" — is  from  Othello,  Act  III.  Sc.  3. 

JARLTZBERG.  Has  not  our  Correspondent  received  a  note  we 
inclosed  to  him  respecting  The  Circle  of  the  Seasons  ? 

OLD  MORTALITY'S  offer  of  a  collection  of  Epitaphs  is  declined 
with  thanks.  We  have  now  waiting  for  insertion  almost  as  many 
as  would  fill  a  cemetery. 

ABIIDA.  The  proverb  "  Mad  as  a  March  hare''  has  appeared 
in  our  Fourth  Volume,  p.  208 — Also,  in  (he  same  volume,  p.  309. 
$r.,  will  be  found  several  articles  similar  to  the  one  forwarded  on 
"Bee  Superstitions." 

F.  (Oxford.)  The  extract  forwarded  from  Southey's  Common 
Place  Book  is  a  copy  of  the  title-page  of  the  anonymous  work  re- 
quired. 

H.  C.  M.  The  date  of  the  earliest  Coroner's  Inquest,  we  should 
think,  cannot  be  ascertained.  The  office  of  Coroner  is  of  so  great 
antiquity  thai  its  commencement  is  not  known.  It  is  evident  that 
Coroners  existed  in  the  time  of  Alfred,  for  that  king  punished  with 
death  a  judge  who  sentenced  a  party  to  suffer  death  upon  the 
Coroner's  record,  without  allowing  the  delinquent  liberty  to  tra- 
verse. (Bac.  on  Gov.  66. ;  6  Vin.  Abr.  242.)  This  officer  is  also 
mentioned  by  Athelstanin  his  charter  to  Beverly  (Dugd.  Monast. 
171.)- 

I.  R.  R.  Henry  Machyn  was  a  citizen  and  merchant-tailor  of 
London  from  A.D.  1550  to  1563.  See  a  notice  of  him  prefixed  to  his 

Diary,  published  by  the  Camden  Society. An  account  of  John 

Stradling,  the  epigrammatist,  will  be  found  in  Wood's  Athenas 

(Bliss),  vol.  ii.  p.  396. Hockday,  or  Hokeday,  i.t  a  high-day,  a 

day  of  feasting  and  mirth,  formerly  held  in  England  the  second 
Tuesday  after  Eastert  to  commemorate  the  destruction  of  the 

Danes  in  the  time  of  E their ed For  notices  of  George  Wither  in 

the  Gentleman's  Mag.,  see  vol.  Ixxxvi.  pt.  ii.  32.  201. ;  vol.lxxxvii. 

pt.  i.  42. ;  vol.  Ixxxviii.  pt.  i.  138. An  interesting  account  of 

the  Paschal  Eggs  is  given  in  Hone's  Every-Day  Book,  vol.  i. 
p.  246.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  439.  450. ;  and  in  Brand's  Popular  Antiquities. 

Marvell's  reference  is  probably  to  Charles  Gerard,  afterwards 

created  Baron  Gerard  of  Brandon,  gentleman  of  the  bed-chamber 
to  Charles  II. ,  and  captain  of  his  guards. 

W.  S.  The  lens  is  certainly  very  good  ;  you  should  practise  to 
obtain  an  accurate  focus  on  the  ground  glass.  An  experienced 
hand  will  often  demonstrate  how  much  the  actual  sharpness  of  a 
picture  depends  upon  nice  adjustment  of  the  focus  j  for  though  the 
picture  looks  pretty,  it  is  not  sharp  in  detail. 

PHOTO.  We  hope  shortly  to  be  enabled  to  report  upon  the  new 
paper  manufacturing  by  Mr.  Saunders  for  photographic  pur- 
poses. 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 
Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 

Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTE  WILL'S    Registered    Double    Body 

Folding  Camera,  adapted   for  Landscapes  or 

Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 

tne  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
stitution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 

TUS.-MR.  JOHN  J.  GRIFFIN  has 

now  ready  an  entirely  NEW  CATALOGUE 
OF  PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARATUS  AND 
CHEMICALS  at  Reduced  Prices  ;  embracing 
an  account  of  every  article  required  for  the 
processes  on  Silver,  Paper,  and  Glass,  with  es-   ; 
timates  of  the  cost  of  complete  sets  for  Home 
Use  and  for  Travellers.    Postage  Fourpence. 
JOHN  J.  GRIFFIN,  F.C.S.,   Chemist    and 
Optician,  10.  Finsbury  Square,  London. 

PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, £c.  £c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 

JL  DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in.  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d\ 


TO  PHOTOGRAPHERS,  DA- 
GUERREOTYPISTS,  &c.  —Instanta- 
neous Collodion  (or  Collodio-Iodide  Silver). 
Solution  for  Iodizing  Collodion.  Pyrogallic, 
Gallic,  and  Glacial  Acetic  Acids,  and  every 
Pure  Chemical  required  in  the  Practice  of 
Photography,  prepared  by  WILLIAM  BOL- 
TON,  Operative  and  Photographic  Chemist, 
146.  Holborn  Bars.  Wholesale  Dealer  in  every 
kind  of  Photographic  Papers,  Lenses,  Cameras, 
and  Apparatus,  and  Importer  of  French  and 
German  Lenses,  &c.  Catalogues  by  Post  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps.  Seta  of  Ap- 
paratus from  Three  Guineas. 


/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

V_y  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 
Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  238. 


IMPERIAL    LIFE    INSU- 

JL  RANGE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 

Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 

"WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman, 


The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  he  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  500?.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  50Z.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  with  this  Company 
for  the  whole  term  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,000?.,  of  which  nearly 
140,0002.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 
On  the  31st  October,  1853,  the  sums 

Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 

amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  .£2,500,000 
The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -  800,000 
And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 

same  source,  to     - 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  ING  ALL,  Actuary. 

PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  — "We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir, or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hass<?, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,  H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 

nHUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

\J  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  —  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb' s  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
8.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 

H.E.Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 


F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustees. 
W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
Physician  __  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 
Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100?..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits  :— 


Age 
17  - 
22  - 
27- 


f.  s.  d.  I  Age 

-1U    4  I  32- 

-  1  18    8  37  - 

-  2    4    5  I  42  - 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  &d..  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION;  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


BANK  OF  DEPOSIT. 

No.  3.  Pall  Mall  East,  and  7.  St.  Martin's 
Place,  Trafalgar  Square,  London. 


Established  A.D.  1844. 


TNVESTMENT      ACCpUNTS 

JL    may  be  opened  daily,  with  capital  of  any 
amount. 

Interest  payable  in  January  and  July. 

PETER  MORRISON, 

Managing  Director. 

Prospectuses  and  Forms  sent  free  on  appli- 
cation. 


ENNETT'S       MODEL 

.  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  ORE  AT  EX- 
TBITION,  Now  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2Z.,  3L,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


AS  SECRETARY  OR  AMANUENSIS. 


A    GENTLEMAN  who  is  quite 

XX  Conversant  with  the  French,  German, 
and  Italian  Languages,  and  well  acquainted 
with  Botany  and  Entomology,  is  desirous  of 
obtaining  some  permanent  Employment.  The 
most  satisfactory  References  as  to  competency 
and  respectability  of  family  and  connexions 
can  be  given. 

Address,  F.  G.  H.,  care  of  MR.  NEWMAN. 
Printer,  9.  Devonshire  Street,  Bishopsgate 
Street. 

A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 


±i.  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 


Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments  : 


MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 


DUBLIN,  at  1  .  Crampton  Quav. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED  AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  &l. :  double  size,  4s.  6<f. ;  7s.  6<f. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. ;  Boxes,  2s.  6tZ.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street; 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork;  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKIIART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street;  PROCJT,  229. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


MAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 

,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 


Printed  by  T 

St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  :  and  published  by  GEO 

City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid—  Saturday,  May  20.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OE  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOB 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

"  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  239.] 


SATURDAY,  MAY  27.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
i  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 


Heorints  of  Early  Bibles,  by  the  Rev. 

A.  Hooper,  M.A.  -  -  -  487 

Marriage  Licence  of  John  Gower,  the 

Poet,  by  W.  II.  Gunner  -  -  487 

AskaorAsca  -  -  -  -488 

Legends  of  the  County  Clare,  by  Francis 

Robert  Davies  -  -  -  -  490 

Archaic  Words  -  -  -  -  491 

MINOR  NOTKS  :  —Inscriptions  on  Build- 
ings —  Epitaphs  —  Numl)ers  —  Celtic 
Language—  Illustrationof  Longfellow: 
"  God's  Acre  "  -  -  -  -  49J 

QUERIES:— 
John  Locke  -          -          -          -          -   493 

I  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  "The  Village 
Lawyer  "—Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl 
of  Cambridge  —  Highland  Regiment- 
Ominous  Storms  —  Edward  Fitzgerald 

—  Boyle  Family—  Inn  Signs—  Demo- 
niacal Descent  of  the  Plantagenets— 
Anglo-  Saxon  Graves—  Robert  Brown 
the  Separatist—  Commissions  issued  by 
Charles  I.  at  Oxford       -          -          -    493 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Hogmanay—Longfellow's  "  Hyperion" 
-Sir  Hugh  Myddelton—  Sangarede— 
Salubrity  of  Hallsal,  near  Ormskirk, 
Lancashire  —  Athens  —  James  Miller  495 

KKPLIKS  :  — 

Brydone,  by  Lord  Monson         ?&          -  496 
Coleridge's   Unpublished  MSS.,  by  C. 

Mansfield  Ingleby          -          -          -  496 

Mr.  Justice  Talfourd  and  Dr.  Beattie   -  497 
Russian  "Te  Deum,"  by  T.  J.  Buckton, 

&c.  .....  4P8 

Artesian  Wells,  by  Henry  Stephens,  &c.  499 

Dog-whippers         -  499 
Ceplins,  a  Binder,  and  not  a  Rock,  by 

T.  J.  Buckton,  &c.         -  -  -  500 

Whittiugton's  Stone         -          -  -  501 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCB  ^,  — 
Photographic  Experience—  Conversion 
of  Calotypc  Negatives  into  Positives— 
Albumenized  Paper  -  -  -  501 

HP.PI..IES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Table- 
turning  —  Female  Dress—  Office  of 
Sexton  held  by  one  Family  —  Lyra's 
Commentary  —  Blackguard—"  Atone- 
ment "—Bible  of  1  52/_  Shrove  Tuesday 

—  Milton's  Correspondence  —  "  Ver- 
batim et   literatim."  —  Epigrams    -    502 

?I  ISCELLANEOUS  :  — 

Notes  on  Books,  £c.  -  -    504 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted         -    505 
Notices  to  Correspondents  -          -    505 


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486 


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NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


487 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MAY  27,  1854. 


REPRINTS    Or    EARLY    BIBLES. 

In  1833  the  authorities  of  the  Clarendon  Press 
put  forth  a  quarto  reprint,  word  for  word,  page 
for  page,  and  letter  for  letter,  of  the  first  large 
black-letter  folio  edition  of  1611,  of  the  present 
authorised  or  Royal  version  of  the  Bible.  So 
accurate  was  it,  that  even  manifest  errors  of  the 
press  were  retained.  It  was  published  that  the 
reader  might  judge  whether  the  original  standard 
could  still  be  exactly  followed.  It  was  accom- 
panied by  a  collation  with  a  smaller  black-letter 
fojio  of  1613,  in  preference  to  the  larger  folio  of 
that  year,  as" no  two  copies  (entire)  of  the  latter 
could  be  found,  all  the  sheets  of  which  corre- 
sponded precisely : 

"  Many  of  these  copies  contain  sheets  belonging,  as 
may  clearly  be  proved,  to  editions  of  more  recent  date  ; 
and  even  those  which  appear  to  be  still  as  they  were 
originally  published,  are  made  up  partly  from  the  edi- 
tion printed  at  the  time,  and  partly  from  the  remains 
of  earlier  impressions." 

Now  this   is   a  most   interesting   subject   to   all 
lovers  of  our  dear  old  English  Bible.     It  is  sup- 
posed the  translators  revised  their  work  for  the 
1613  edition  (after  two  years)  ;  yet  the  collation 
with  the  small  folio  of  that  year,  shows  little  or  no 
improvement,  rather  the  contrary.     I  possess  a 
small  quarto   edition   of  1613    (black-letter,   by 
Barker),  not   mentioned   by  our   more   eminent 
bibliographers,  which,  while  admitting  the  better 
corrections,  adheres  to  the  old  1611  folio,  where 
the  small  folio  of  1613  unnecessarily  deviates.     It 
is  certainly,  I  consider,  a  most  valuable  impres- 
sion.    I  have  lately  purchased  a  magnificent  copy 
of  the  great  folio  of  1613.     It  is  in  the  original 
thick  oak  binding,  with  huge  brass  clasps,  corners, 
and  bosses ;  and  appears  to  have  been  chained  to 
a  reading-desk.     In  collating  it,  I  find  a  sheet  or 
two  in  1  Samuel  and  St.  Matthew  most  carefully 
supplied  from  an  earlier  impression.     The  titles 
both  to  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  are  exactly 
the  same  as  those  of  the  folio  1611,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  date  1613  for  1611.     It  has  been 
gloriously  used,  and  the  imagination  revels  in  the 
thought  of  the  eyes  and  hearts  that  must  have 
been  blessed  by  its  perusal.     I  am  not  sufficiently 
conversant  with  our  earlier  translations  to  iden- 
tify, without  reference,  the  sheets  of  the  inserted 
edition,  and  I  have  not  time  to  refer.    I  may  only 
say  that  there  is  a  most  quaint  woodcut  of  little 
David  slinging  a  stone  at  the  giant  Goliath.     A 
slight  collation  of  Genesis    shows  me  this  large 
edition  agrees  in  corrections  with  the  small  one 
the  Clarendon  Press  authorities  used,  though  my 
quarto  1613  differs,  adhering,  as  I  said  before, 


more  closely  to  the  original  standard  of  1611.  I 
would  put  a  Query  or  two  to  your  many  readers. 
1.  Was  the  great  folio  1613  ever  published  entire, 
or  are  the  sheets  I  have  indicated  supplied  in 
every  known  copy,  some  from  earlier,  some  from 
iater,  impressions  ?  2.  Is  it  an  established  fact, 
that  the  translators  revised  their  work  in  1613? 
3.  What  is  the  small  quarto  of  1613  I  have  men- 
tioned.? 

Lastly,  would  it  not  be  an  interesting  enter- 
prise to  reprint  our  various  translations  of  the 
boly  volume  in  a  cheap  and  uniform  series,  like 
the  Parker  Society  published  the  Liturgy  ?  A 
society  might  be  formed  by  subscription  to  sup- 
port such  an  object.  We  might  have  Coverdale's, 
Matthews',  Cranmer's,  Taverner's,  the  Geneva 
(1560),  the  Bishops'  (Parker's,  1568),  and  the 
noble  authorised  (Royal  1611),  with  their  varia- 
tions noted.  I  cannot  see  any  harm  would  arise ; 
and  surely  it  might  give  an  impulse  to  that  noblest 
of  all  studies,  the  study  of  God's  Word.  What 
grander  volume  for  simplicity  and  elegance  of 
language,  for  true  Anglo-Saxon  idiom,  than  our 
present  venerated  translation  ?  What  book  that 
could  interest  more  than  Cranmer's  Great  Bible 
of  1539,  from  whence  our  familiar  Prayer-Book 
version  of  the  Psalms  is  taken  ?  It  would  give 
me  heartfelt  pleasure  to  contribute  my  humble 
efforts  in  such  a  cause.  RICHARD  HOOPER,  M.A. 

St.  Stephen's,  Westminster. 


MARRIAGE    LICENCE    OF    JOHN  GOWER    THE    POET. 

The  following  special  licence  of  marriage,  ex- 
tracted from  the  Register  of  William  of  Wykeham, 
preserved  in  the  registry  at  Winchester,  is  a 
curious  document  in  itself;  but  if,  as  there  is 
much  reason  for  supposing,  the  person  on  whose 
behalf  it  was  granted  was  no  less  a  man  than  the 
illustrious  poet — the  "moral  Gower"  —  the  in- 
terest attached  to  it  is  very  much  enhanced  :  and 
for  this  reason  I  am  desirous  of  giving  it  publicity 
through  the  columns  of  "N.  &  Q."  —  a  fit  place 
for  recording  such  pieces  of  information,  relating 
to  the  lives  of  men  eminent  in  the  annals  of  litera- 
ture. I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  notice  of 
the  marriage  of  John  Gower  in  the  books  to  which 
I  have  been  able  to  refer  ;  and,  though  it  may  be 
perhaps  an  event  of  little  importance,  it  is  one 
which  a  faithful  biographer  .would  never  omit  to 
mention.  The  document  is  as  follows  : 

"  Willelmus  permissione  divina  Wyntoniensis  Epi- 
scopus,  dilecto  in  Christo  filio,  domino  Willelmo, 
capellano  parochiali  ecclesias  S.  Marias  Magdalenze  in 
Suthwerk,  nostra?  diocesis,  salutem,  gratiam,  et  bene- 
dictionem.  Ut  matrimonium  inter  Joannem.  Gower 
et  Agnetem  Groundolf  dicta;  ecclesiae  parochianos  sine 
ulteriore  bannorum  editione,  dumtamen  aliud  canoni- 
cum  non  obsistat,  extra  ecclesiam  parochialem,  in 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


Oratorio  ipsius  Joannis  Gower  infra  hospicium  cum 
in  prioratu  B.  Marias  de  Overee  in  Suthwerk  praedicta 
situatum,  solempnizare  valeas  licenciam  tibi  tenore 
prassentium,  quatenus  ad  nos  attinet,  concedimus  spe- 
cialem.  In  cujus  rei  testiraonium  sigillum  nostrum 
fecimus  his  apponi.  Dat.  in  manerio  nostro  de  alta 
clera  vicesimo  quinto  die  mensis  Januarii,  A.D.  1397, 
et  nostrae  consecrationis  31  mo." 

The  connexion  of  the  poet  Gower  with  the 
priory  of  St.  Mary  Overy  is  well  known ;  as  well 
as  his  munificence  in  contributing  very  largely  to 
the  reconstruction  of  the  church  of  the  priory,  in 
which  he  also  founded  a  chantry,  and  where  his 
tomb  still  exists.  It  would  appear  from  this  docu- 
ment, that  he  actually  resided  within  the  priory. 

This  marriage  must  have  taken  place  late  in  his 
life.  The  year  of  his  birth  is  unknown.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  somewhat  older  than  Chaucer, 
the  date  of  whose  birth  is  also  uncertain ;  there 
being  some  grounds  for  assigning  it  to  1328, 
others,  perhaps  more  satisfactory,  for  fixing  it 
1345.  If  the  latter  be  correct,  and  if  we  allow 
for  the  disparity  of  age,  we  may  suppose  Gower 
to  have  been  somewhere  between  fifty-five  and 
sixty  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  marriage  with 
Agnes  Groundolf.  W.  H.  GUNNER. 

Winchester. 

[A  reference  to  the  will  of  Gower,  which  is  printed 
in  Todd's  Illustrations  of  Gower  and  Chaucer,  p.  87.  et  seq., 
confirms  the  accuracy  of  our  correspondent's  inference, 
that  this  is  the  marriage  licence  of  the  poet,  inasmuch  as 
it  shows  that  the  Christian  name  of  Gower's  wife  was 
Agnes.  — ED.  "  N.  &  Q."] 


ASKA    OR    ASCA. 


Throughout  North  America  this  dissyllable  is 
found  terminating  names  in  localities,  occupied  at 
the  present  day  by  Indian  tribes  speaking  very 
different  languages  ;  and,  in  these  languages,  with 
the  exception  of  such  names,  few  analogous  sounds 
exist.  There  are,  besides,  names  terminating  in 
<?sco,  isco,  isca,  escaw,  iscaw^  uscaw,  which,  perhaps, 
may  be  placed  in  the  same  category,  being  only 
accidental  variations  of  aska,  arising  from  a  dif- 
ference of  ear  in  those  who  first  heard  them 
pronounced  by  a  native  tongue. 

Are  these  names  vernacular  in  any  of  the  mo- 
dern Indian  languages  ?  and,  if  so,  what  is  their 
real  meaning  ?  I  propound  these  questions  for 
solution  by  any  of  the  gentlemen  at  Fort  Chepe- 
•eryan,  Norway  House,  &c.  (since,  no  doubt,  "  N. 
&  Q."  penetrates  the  Far  West  as  well  as  the  Far 
East),  who  may  feel  an  interest  in  the  subject. 

Apparently,  they  have  been  imposed  by  a  people 
who  occupied  the  whole  continent  from  sea  to  sea, 
as  they  occur  from  Hudson's  Bay  to  Yucatan,  and 
from  the  Pacific  to  the  Atlantic. 


Were  the  American  nations  originally  of  one 
tongue  ?  Humboldt,  Du  Ponceau,  and  others  have 
remarked  that  striking  analogies  of  grammatical 
construction  exist  in  all  American  languages, 
from  the  Eskimo  to  the  Fuegian,  although  differ- 
ing entirely  in  their  roots.  Dr.  Prichard  says,  — 

"  There  are  peculiarities  in  the  very  nature  of  the 
American  languages  which  are  likely  to  produce  great 
variety  in  words,  and  to  obliterate  in  a  comparatively 
short  period  the  traces  of  resemblance." — Phys.  Hist. 
&c.,  vol.  v.  p.  317. 

It  may  be  only  a  curious  coincidence,  but  it  is 
undoubtedly  true,  that,  with  scarcely  one  excep- 
tion, all  names  (we  might  almost  say  words}  so 
terminating  are  more  or  less  connected  with 
water.  The  exception  (if  it  really  be  one)  is 
Masca,  which  I  have  found  among  my  old  notes, 
followed  by  the  word  Montague ;  but  nothing 
more,  and  I  have  forgotten  all  about  it. 

For  the  rest,  the  varieties  in  isca,  &c.,  spoken 
of  before,  are  chiefly  to  be  found  in  the  northern 
countries,  towards  Hudson's  and  James'  Bay,  &c., 
where  the  present  spoken  languages  are  the  Es- 
kimo or  Karalit,  the  Cree,  and  the  Montagnard 
dialect  of  the  Algonkin,  viz.  Agomisca,  island  in 
James'  Bay  ;  Meminisca,  lake  on  Albany  River  ; 
Nemiskau,  a  Jake ;  Pasquamisco,  on  James'  Bay; 
then,  Keenwapiscaw,  lake ;  Naosquiscaw,  ditto  ; 
Nepiscaw,  ditto ;  Camipescaw,  ditto  ;  Caniapus- 
caw,  ditto  and  river  :  the  last  five  lie  between  the 
head  waters  of  the  Saguenay  and  the  bottom  of 
James'  Bay. 

Again,  beginning  tit  the  extreme  west,  we  find 
Oonalaska,  or  Agoun  Aliaska,  or  (according  to 
the  natives)  Nagoun  Alaska,  an  island  abounding 
in  fine  springs  and  rivulets.  Nor  should  I  omit 
another  of  the  Aleutian  islands,  called  Kiska. 

Alaska,  or  Aliaska,  a  peninsula.  The  language 
in  these  instances  is  a  branch  of  the  Eskimo. 

Athabaska  (Atapescow  of  Malte-Brun),  lake 
and  river.  M'Kenzie  says  that  the  word  means, 
in  the  Knistenaux  language,  a  flat,  low,  swampy 
country,  liable  to  inundations  (edit.  4to.,  p.  122.). 
Here  I  repeat  the  question,  is  the  word  verna- 
cular, or  only  adopted  ?  In  such  vocabularies  as 
I  have  seen,  there  is  nothing  bearing  the  slightest 
relationship  to  it.  In  one  given  by  Dr.  Latham 
(Varieties  of  Man,  &c.,  pp.  208-9.),  water,  in  the 
Chepewyan,  is  tone,  and  river,  tesse. 

Itaska,  the  small  lake  whence  the  Mississippi  has 
its  origin.  The  languages  prevalent  in  the  adja- 
cent country  would  be  the  Sioux,  and  the  Chippe- 
way  branch  of  the  Algonquino. 

Wapiscow,  river.     Language,  Cree  ? 

Nebraska,  "  The  Shallow  River,"  said  to  be  tbe 
name  of  the  Platte  in  the  Sioux  language. 

Mochasko,  "Always  full;"  another  river  so 
called  in  the  Sioux,  Query,  Are  these  two  ver- 
nacular ?  Watapan  is  river  in  that  language. 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


Oanoska  is  a  Sioux  word,  meaning  "  The  Great 
Avenue  or  Stretch ;"  but  whether  it  applies  to  a 
river  I  have  forgotten.  The  quotation  is  from 
Long's Expedit.  to  St.  Peters  River,  vol.  i.  p.  339., 
to  which  1  have  not  access  just  now.  Atamaska 
and  Madagaska  are  two  names  of  which  I  can 
give  no  account,  for  the  same  reason  as  stated 
above  at  Maska. 

Arthabaska  is  (or  was)  a  very  swampy  town- 
ship so  named,  lying  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Maskinonge  (also  the  name  of  a  fish)  in  which 
the  sound  occurs,  although  not  as  a  termination, 
is  a  seigneurie  on  the  north  bank  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, of  which  the  part  near  the  river  is  so  low 
that  it  is  inundated  frequently.  A  river  of  the 
same  name  runs  through  this  seigneurie.  Both 
the  foregoing  are  in  the  country  where  the  Iro- 
quois  language  prevailed. 

Zoraska,  or  Zawraska,  name  of  a  river  some- 
where between  Quebec  and  James'  Bay,  of  which 
I  know  nothing  more,  having  only  heard  it  spoken 
of  by  moose-hunters.  Probably  it  is  in  a  country 
where  the  language  would  be  the  Montagnard. 

Yamaska,  a  river  on  the  south  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  having  much  marshy  ground  about  it, 
particularly  near  its  junction  with  the  Grand 
River. 

Kamouraska,  or  Camouraska,  islands  in  the  St. 
Lawrence  below  Quebec,  taking  their  name  from 
a  seigneurie  on  the  mainland ;  a  level  plain  sur- 
rounded by  hills,  and  dotted  all  over  with  mounds. 
Bouchette  says, — 

"  D'apres  la  position,  1'apparence,  et  1'exacte  ressem- 
blance  de  ces  especes  d'iles  en  terre-firme  avec  celles 
de  Camouraska,  entre  lesquelles  et  le  rivage  le  lit  de  la 
riviere  est  presqu'a  sec  a  la  maree  basse,  le  naturaliste 
sera  fortement  porte  a  croire  que  ce  qui  forme  a  pre- 
sent le  continent  etait,  a  une  epoque  quelconque,  sub- 
merge par  les  vagues  immenses  du  St.  Laurent,  et  que 
les  elevations  en  question  formaient  des  iles,  ou  des 
rochers  exposes  a  1'action  de  1'eau,"  &c. —  Description 
de  B as- Canada,  &c.,  p.  551. 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  if  aska  relate  to  water, 
that  this  district  is  appropriately  named. 

We  may  presume  the  language  prevalent  here 
to  have  been  the  Algonquin,  since  the  inhabitants, 
when  first  visited  by  Europeans,  were  either  the 
jMicmac  or  Abenaqui,  both  tribes  of  that  great 
family. 

Still  farther  eastward,  flowing  from  Lake  Temis- 
conata  into  the  River  St.  John,  we  find  the  Mada- 
waska,  in  a  country  where  the  language  was  either 
the  Abenaqui,  or  a  dialect  of  the  Huron,  said  to 
be  spoken  by  the  Melicite  Indians  of  the  St.  John. 
Aska  does  not  occur  again  in  this  part  of  North 
America,  as  far  as  I  can  ascertain ;  but  on  looking 
southward  it  does  so,  and  under  similar  circum- 
stances, viz.  associated  with  water. 

Tabasca,  or  Tobasco  (for  it  is  written  both 
ways),  a  country  on  the  borders  of  Yucatan,  de- 


scribed by  the  conquerors  as  difficult  to  march 
through,  on  account  of  numerous  pools  of  water 
and   extensive  swamps.     Clavigero  says  the  pre- 
sent name  was  given  by  the   Spaniards ;    but  I 
know  of  no  Spanish  word  at  all  resembling  it, 
|  therefore  presume  they  must  have  adopted  the 
|  native  appellation.     The  language  was,  and  per- 
j  haps  is,  the  Maya. 

Tarasca  ;  name  of  a  people  inhabiting  the  coun- 
try of  Mechouacan,  celebrated  for  its  numerous 
fountains  of  fine  water.  Language  appears  to 
have  been  Mexican.  (See  Clavigero,  vol.  i.  p.  10., 
edit.  4to.,  Cullen's  Trans. ;  and  Dr.  Prichard's 
Phys.  Hist.,  &c.,  vol.  v.  p.  340.) 

The  mention  of  Tarasca  reminds  one  of  Taras- 
con,  also  written  Tarasca.  Two  instances  occur 
in  the  country  of  Celtic  Gaul ;  both  on  rivers  : 
the  one  on  the  Rhone,  the  other  on  the  Arriege. 

Having  for  the  present  finished  with  America, 
one  is  naturally  led  to  inquire  whether  asca  occurs 
in  other  parts  of  the  world,  in  like  manner  asso- 
ciated with  water.  Before  doing  so,  however,  I 
would  observe  that  Thompson,  in  his  Essay  on 
Etymologies,  &c.,  p.  10.,  remarks  that  "The  Gothic 
termination  sk,  the  origin  of  our  ish,  the  Saxon 
isk,  signifying  assimilated,  identified,  is  used  in  all 
dialects,  to  the  very  shores  of  China,"  &c.  He  in- 
stances "Tobolsk"  and  "Uvalsk."  If,  then,  it  be 
true  that  a  and  db  are  primitive  sounds  denoting 
water  in  many  languages,  may  we  not  here  have  a 
combination  of  a  and  sk  ? 

But  to  proceed.  Malte  Brun  mentions  a  city 
in  Arabia  called  "Asca,"  one  of  the  places  sacked 
by  the  expedition  under  Elius  Gallus  (Precis  de 
la  Geographic,  &c.,  vol.  i.  p.  179.).  Generally 
speaking,  Arabia  is  not  abounding  in  waters  ;  but 
that  very  circumstance  renders  celebrated,  more 
or  less,  every  locality  where  they  do  abound  and 
are  pure.  The  city,  therefore,  might  have  been 
notable  for  its  walls  and  fountains  of  pure  water. 

Aska  is  the  name  of  a  river  in  Japan,  remark- 
able for  its  great  depth,  and  for  frequently  chang- 
ing its  course  (Golownin,  vol.  iii.  p.  149.). 

In  north-eastern  Asia  we  find  a  river  called 
after  the  Tongouse,  Tongousca.  Query,  Tungouse- 
asca  ?  and,  following  up  Thompson's  examples 
before  mentioned,  we  may  name  Yakutsk,  Ir- 
kutsk, Ochotsk,  Kamtchatka,  &c.,  all  intimately 
connected  with  water.  Then  there  is  Kandalask, 
a  gulf  of  the  White  Sea ;  Tchesk,  another ;  Ka- 
niska-Zemblia,  an  island,  &c.  In  Spain,  liuesca 
is  on  the  river  Barbato.  The  two  Gradiskas  in 
Hungary,  &c.  are  the  one  on  the  Save,  the  other 
on  the  Lisonzo. 

Zaleski  (Pereslav)  is  seated  on  a  lake ;  but 
Malte-Brun  says  the  name  means  "  au-dela  des 
bois."  This  may  or  may  not  be  the  case.  The 
sound  is  here,  and  in  connexion  with  water.  Pul- 
tusk  is  nearly  surrounded  by  water,  the  Narew. 
Askersan,  in  Sweden,  stands  on  a  lake.  Gascon, 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


says  Rafinesque,  means  "  beyond  the  sea  "  (Ame- 
rican Nations,  &c.,  No.  2.  p.  41.). 

Madagascar.  Curious  the  similarity  between 
this  name  of  an  island  and  the  American  names 
Madagaska  and  Madawaska.  By  the  way,  I  for- 
got to  notice  of  this  last,  that  Captain  Levinge,  in 
his  Echoes  from  the  Back  Woods,  &c.,  vol.  i.  p.  150., 
derives  it  from  Madawas  (Micmac),  a  "porcupine;" 
whilst  The  Angler  in  Canada  (Lanman),  p.  229., 
says  that  it  means  "  never  frozen,"  because  part  of 
the  river  never  freezes.  Which  is  right  ? 

Tcherkask.  Every  one  knows  that  the'  capital 
of  the  Don  Cossacks  is  eminently  a  water  city. 
According  to  Pallas,  the  Circassians  (Tcherkesses) 
once  were  located  in  the  Crimea.  They  may  have 
extended  their  influence  to  the  Don,  and  the  name 
in  question  may  be  a  synthetic  form  of  Tcher- 
kesse-aska. 

Damasca  (Latinised  Damascus)  is  famed  all 
over  the  East  for  its  waters.  The  name  of  the 
ancient  city  was  Damas,  "  Le  Demechk,  ou 
Chamel-Dimichk,  des  Orientaux"  (Malte-Brun, 
viii.  215.). 

The  modern  city  is  said  to  be  called  Damas,  or 
Domeschk,  though  it  seems  more  generally  known 
as  El  Sham.  Bryant  says  it  was  called  by  the 
natives  Damasec  and  Damakir,  the  latter  meaning 
the  city  (Caer?)  of  Dama,  or  of  Adarna  (Mytho- 
logy, &c.,  vol.  i.  p.  69.).  Can  it  have  once  been 
Adama,  or  Dama-asca  ? 

In  Great  Britain  we  have  rivers  and  lakes  called 
severally  Esk,  Exe  or  Isca,  Axe,  and  Usk. 

Axe  seems  to  have  been  written  Asca  at  one 
time ;  for  Lambarde  gives  Ascanmynster  as  the 
Saxon  name  of  Axminster.  Hence,  also,  we  may 
infer  that  Axholme  Island  was  once  Ascanholme. 
The  Exe  was  probably  Esk,  i.  e.  water,  or  river : 
it  certainly  was  Uske.  Iska  is  the  British  Isk 
Latinised  by  Ptolemy  ;  for  Camden  says  Exeter 
was  called  by  the  Welsh  Caerisk,  &c.  Usk  or 
Uske  was  written  Osca  by  Gyraldo  Camb.  (See 
Lambarde.) 

Kyleska,  or  Glendha,  ferry  in  Sutherlandshire. 
Kyle-aska  ?  Kyles  (Ir.),  a  frith  or  strait. 

Ask  occurs  frequently  as  the  first  syllable  of 
names  in  England,  and  such  places  will  be  almost 
invariably  found  connected  with  water.  Camderi" 
mentions  a  family  of  distinguished  men  in  Rich- 
mondshire  named  Aske,  from  whom  perhaps  some 
places  derive  their  names,  as  p.  ex.  the  Askhams, 
Askemoore,  &c.  Askrigg,  however,  being  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  some  remarkable  waterfalls 
(Camden),  may  have  reference  to  them. 

Now,  from  places  let  us  turn  to  things,  first 
noticing  that  usk,  in  modern  Welsh,  means  river. 
In  Irish,  uisce  or  uiske  is  water.  In  Hebrew  and 
Chaldee,  hisca  is  to  wash  or  to  drink.  (See  In- 
troduction to  Valancey's  Irish  Dictionary.)  In 
the  same  we  find  ascu  (ancient  Irish),  a  water- 
serpent  or  dog;  iasc,  fish;  ease  (Irish),  water, 


same  as  esk.  Chalmers,  in  "  Caledonia,"  &c.,  has 
ease  or  esc  (Gael.),  water  ;  ease  Ian  (Gael.),  the 
full  water. 

Askalabos  (Greek),  a  newt  or  water  reptile;  and 
asker,  askard,  askel,  ask,  and  esk,  in  provincial 
English,  a  water-newt.  (See  Archaic  Dictionary.) 

Masca,  the  female  sea-otter ;  so  called  by  the 
Russians. 

Askalopas  (Greek),  a  woodcock  or  snipe,  i.  e.  a 
swamp-bird. 

As  I  said  before,  there  are  few  words  in  any  of 
the  Indian  languages  of  North  America  in  which" 
the  sound  ask  occurs;  at  least  as  far  as  my  limited 
acquaintance  with  them  goes.  The  only  two  I 
can  quote  just  now  are  both  in  the  Chippeway. 
One  only  has  direct  reference  to  water ;  perhaps 
the  other  may  indirectly.  They  are,  woyzask, 
rushes,  water-plants ;  mejask,  herb,  or  grass.  The 
only  grass  the  forest  Indians  are  likely  to  be  ac- 
quainted with  is  that  growing  in  the  natural  mea- 
dows along  the  river  banks,  which  are  occasionally 
met  with,  and  these  in  general  are  pretty  swampy. 

We  may  wind  up  with  our  cask  and  flask.  I 
could  have  added  much  more,  but  fear  already  to 
have  exceeded  what  might  hope  for  admittance  in 
your  pages ;  therefore  I  will  only  say  that,  in  offer- 
ing these  remarks,  I  insist  on  nothing,  and  stand 
ready  to  submit  to  any  correction.  A.  C.  M. 

Exeter. 


LEGENDS  OF  THE  COUNTY  CLARE. 

About  two  miles  from  the  village  of  Corofin, 
in  the  west  of  Clare,  are  the  ruins  of  the 
Castle  of  Ballyportree,  consisting  of  a  massive 
square  tower  surrounded  by  a  wall,  at  the 
corners  of  which  are  smaller  round  towers :  the 
outer  wall  was  also  surrounded  by  a  ditch.  The 
castle  is  still  so  far  perfect  that  the  lower  part  is 
inhabited  by  a  farmer's  family ;  and  in  some  of  the 
upper  rooms  are  still  remaining  massive  chimney- 
pieces  of  grey  limestone,  of  a  very  modern  form, 
the  horizontal  portions  of  which  are  ornamented 
with  a  quatrefoil  ornament  engraved  within  a  circle, 
but  there  are  no  dates  or  armorial  bearings  :  from 
the  windows  of  the  castle  four  others  are  visible, 
none  of  them  more  than  two  miles  from  each  other ; 
and  a  very  large  cromlech  is  within  a  few  yards 
of  the  castle  ditch.  The  following  legend  is  related 
of  the  castle:  —  When  the  Danes  were  building 
the  castle  (the  Danes  were  the  great  builders,  as 
Oliver  Cromwell  was  the  great  destroyer  of  all  the 
old  castles,  abbeys,  &c.  in  Ireland), — when  the 
Danes  were  building  the  Castle  of  Ballyportree, 
they  collected  workmen  from  all  quarters,  and 
forced  them  to  labour  night  and  day  without  stop- 
ping for  rest  or  food ;  and  according  as  any  of  them 
fell  down  from  exhaustion,  his  body  was  thrown 
upon  the  wall,  which  was  built  up  over  him !  When 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


the  castle  was  finished,  its  inhabitants  tyrannised 
over  the  whole  country,  until  the  time  arrived 
when  the  Danes  were  finally  expelled  from  Ire- 
land. Ballyportree  Castle  held  out  to  the  last, 
but  at  length  it  was  taken  after  a  fierce  resistance, 
only  three  of  the  garrison  being  found  alive,  who 
proved  to  be  a  father  and  his  two  sons  ;  the  in- 
furiated conquerors  were  about  to  kill  them  also, 
when  one  of  them  proposed  that  their  lives  should 
be  spared,  and  a  free  passage  to  their  own  country 
given  them,  on  condition  that  they  taught  the 
Irishmen  how  to  brew  the  famous  ale  from  the 
heather  — that  secret  so  eagerly  coveted  by  the 
Irish,  and  so  zealously  guarded  by  the  Danes.  At 
first  neither  promises  nor  threats  had  any  effect  on 
the  prisoners,  but  at  length  the  elder  warrior  con- 
sented to  tell  the  secret  on  condition  that  his  two 
sons  should  first  be  put  to  death  before  his  eyes, 
alleging  his  fear,  that  when  he  returned  to  his  own 
country,  they  might  cause  him  to  be  put  to  death 
for  betraying  the  secret.  Though  somewhat  sur- 
prised at  his  request,  the  Irish  chieftains  imme- 
diately complied  with  it,  and  the  young  men  were 
slain.  Then  the  old  warrior  exclaimed,  "  Fools  ! 
I  saw  that  your  threats  and  your  promises  were 
beginning  to  influence  my  sons;  for  they  were  but 
boys,  and  might  have  yielded :  but  now  the  secret 
is  safe,  your  threats  or  your  promises  have  no  effect 
on  me ! "  Enraged  at  their  disappointment,  the 
Irish  soldiers  hewed  the  stern  northman  in  pieces, 
and  the  coveted  secret  is  still  unrevealed. 

In  the  South  of  Scotland  a  legend,  almost  word 
for  word  the  same  as  the  above,  is  told  of  an  old 
castle  there,  with  the  exception  that,  instead  of 
Danes,  the  old  warrior  and  his  sons  are  called 
Pechts.  After  the  slaughter  of  his  sons  the  old 
man's  eyes  are  put  out,  and  he  is  left  to  drag  on  a 
miserable  existence :  he  lives  to  an  immense  old 
age,  and  one  day,  when  all  the  generation  that 
fought  with  him  have  passed  away,  he  hears  the 
young  men  celebrating  the  feats  of  strength  per- 
formed by  one  of  their  number ;  the  old  Pecht 
asks  for  the  victor,  and  requests  him  to  let  him 
feel  his  wrist ;  the  young  man  feigns  compliance 
with  his  request,  but  places  an  iron  crow-bar  in  the 
old  man's  hand  instead  of  his  wrist ;  the  old  Pecht 
snaps  the  bar  of  iron  in  two  with  his  fingers,  re- 
marking quietly  to  the  astounded  spectators,  that 
"  it  is  a  gey  bit  gristle,  and  has  not  much  pith  in 
it  yet."  The  story  is  told  in  the  second  volume 
of  Chambers's  Edinburgh  Journal,  first  series,  I 
think ;  but  I  have  not  the  volume  at  hand  to  refer 
to.  The  similarity  between  the  two  legends  is 
curious  and  interesting. 

FRANCIS  ROBERT  DAVIES. 


ARCHAIC    WORDS. 

(Vol.  vii.,  p.  400.,  &c.) 

The  following  list  of  words,  which  do  not  ap- 
pear in  Mr.  Halliwell's  Dictionary  of  Archaic 
Words,  may  form  some  contribution,  however 
small,  to  the  enlargement  of  that  and  of  some  of 
our  more  comprehensive  English  dictionaries.  It 
fulls  in  with  the  desire  already  expressed  in  "N.  & 
Q. ;"  and,  if  the  present  paper  seem  worth  insert- 
ing, may  be  followed  by  another.  In  some  few 
cases,  though  the  word  does  appear  in  Mr.  Halli- 
well's columns,  an  authority  is  deficient;  instances 
having  as  it  were  turned  up,  and  in  rather  un- 
common sources,  which  seemed  occasionally  worth 
supplying.  It  must  be  observed  that  the  explan- 
ations given  are,  in  some  instances,  mere  conjec- 
tures, and  await  more  certain  and  accurate  in- 
terpretation : 

Aege,  age.     The  Festyvall,  fol.  cxii.  recto,  edit.  1528. 

Advyse,  to  view  attentively.  Strype's  Memorials, 
under  MARY,  ch.  xxviii.  p.  234.,  folio,  or  vol.  iv. 
p.  384.  edit.  1816. 

Apause,  to  check.  Foxe,  Acts  and  Monuments,  vii. 
647.  ;  and  Merchant's  Second  Tale,  2093. 

Assemble,  to  resemble.  Bale's  Image  of  both  Churches, 
Part  II.  p.  378.,  edit.  1849. 

Beclepe,  to  embrace.  The  Festyvall,  fol.  xxxvi.  recto, 
edit.  1528  :  "  The  ymage — becleped  the  knyght  about 
the  necke,  and  kyssed  hym." 

Bluck,  ....(?)  "So  the  true  men  shall  be  hunted 
and  blucked." —  The  Festyvall,  fol.  xxvi.  recto. 

Boystously,  roughly.  "  Salome  —  boystously  handled 
our  Lady." —  The  Festyvall,  fol.  Ixvii.  verso. 

Brince,  to  introduce,  hand  out,  propino.  "  Luther 
first  brinced  to  Germany  the  poisoned  cup  of  his 
heresies."  —  Harding  in  Bishop  Jewel's  Works,  vol.  iv. 
p.  335.,  edit.  Oxford,  1848. 

Bussing.  "  Without  the  blind  bussings  of  a  Papist, 
may  no  sin  be  solved."  —  Bishop  Bale's  Image  of  both 
Churches  on  the  Revelation,  ch.  xiii.  p.  431.,  edit. 
Cambridge,  1849. 

Croked.  A  curious  application  of  this  word  occurs 
in  The  Festyvall,  fol.  cxxviii.  recto :  "  A  croked  coun- 
tenance." 

Daying,  arbitration.  Jewel's  Works,  i.  387.  See 
Dr.  Jelf's  note,  in  loc. 

Dedeful,  operative?  "  This  vertue  is  dedefull  to  all 
Chrysten  people." —  The  Festyvall,  fol.  clxxii.  recto. 

Do,  to  do  forth  ;  meaning,  to  proceed  with,  to  go 
on  with,  occurs  in  The  Festyvall,  fol.  via.  verso. 

Damageable,  injurious.  The  Festyvall,  fol.  cxi.  recto: 
"  How  domageable  it  is  to  them  which  use  for  to  saye 
in  theyr  bargens  and  marchaundyses,  makynge  to  the 
prejudyce — of  their  soules." 

Dyssclaunderer,  a  calumniator.  "  To  stone  hym 
(Stephen)  to  deth  as  for  a  dyssclaunderer." —  The 
Festyvall,  fol.  Ixx.  verso. 

Endense,  to  make  clean.  The  Festyvall,  fol.  Ixxxviii. 
recto. 

Enforcement,  effort?  Erasmus'  Enchiridion,  1533, 
Rule  IV.  ch.  xii. 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


Enyrease,  to  overfeed.  "  Riches,  wherewithal  they 
are  fatted  and  engreased  like  swine."  —  Foxe's  Acts 
and  Monuments,  v.  615.  edit.  1843. 

Ensiynemcnt, (?)      The  Festi/vall,  fol.  cliv. 

recto  :   "  And  whan  all  the  people  come  so  togyder  at 
this  ensignernent." 

Entrecounter,  to  oppose.  Brook's  Sermon,  1553, 
quoted  in  Foxe's  Acts  and  Monuments,  vol.  viii.  p.  782. 

Fele.  An  application  of  this  word  may  be  quoted, 
partaking  of  a  Grecism,  unless  we  mistake:  "And 
whan  the  people  fdte  the  smell  therof."  —  The  Festyvall, 
fol.  c.  recto. 

Flytterynge :  "  lyghtnynge,  and  not  flytterynge." —  The 
Festyvall,  fol.  xliv.  verso,  edit.  1528. 

Novus. 


Inscriptions  on  Buildings.  —  The  following  In- 
scriptions are  taken  from  buildings  connected  with 
the  hospital  of  Spital-in-the-Street,  co.  Lincoln. 

On  the  chapel : 

"  Fvi  A°  DNI   1398"| 

NON  Fvi  .     1594  1-  DOM  DEI  &  PAVPERVM. 
SVM      .     .     1616J 

Q,vi  HANC  DEVS  HVNC  DESTRVET." 

On  the  wall  of  a  cottage,  formerly  one  of  the 
alms-houses  : 

"  DEO  ET  DIVITIBVS. 
A°  D5i  1620." 

On  the  wall  of  a  building  now  used  as  a  barn, 
but  formerly  the  Court-house,  in  which  the  Quar- 
ter Sessions  for  the  parts  of  Lindsey  were  formerly 
held,  before  their  transfer  to  Kirton  in  Lindsey : 

"  FIAT  IVSTITIA. 

1619." 

"  H^EC  DOMVS 

DIT,  AMAT,  PVNIT,  CONSERVAT,  HONORAT, 
EQVITIAM,  PACEM,  CRIMINA,  JVRA,  BONOS." 

L.  L.  L. 

Epitaphs.  —  The  following  specimen  of  rural 
monumental  Latin  is  copied  from  a  tombstone  in 
the  churchyard  of  Henbury,  Gloucestershire  : 

"  Hie  jacet 

Requiesant  in  pace,  » 

HENRICUS  PARSONES. 
Qui  obtit  xxv.  die  Junes, 
Anno  Dominii  MDCCCXLV, 

vEtatis  suse  xx. 
Cujus  animia  proprietur  Christus." 

The  following  is  from  the  churchyard  of  King- 
ston-Seymour. Somersetshire  :  • 

«  J.  H. 

He  was  universally  beloved  in  the  circle  of 
His  acquaintance  ;  but  united 
In  his  death  the  esteem  of  all, 
Namely,  by  bequeathing  his  remains." 

J.  K.  R.  W. 


Numbers.  —  We  occasionally  see  calculations  of 
how  often  a  given  number  of  persons  may  vary 
their  position  at  a  table,  and  each  time  produce  a 
fresh  arrangement.  I  believe  the  result  may  be 
arrived  at  by  progressive  multiplication,  as  thus : 
Twice  1  -  -  -  -2 

3 

Giving  for  three  persons   -       6  changes. 
_4 

Giving  for  four  persons     -     24  changes. 

5 

Giving  for  five  persons      -  120  changes. 

6 

Giving  for  six  persons       -  720  changes, 
and  so  one.     Probably  also  change-ringing  is  go- 
verned by  the  same  mode  of  calculation. 

J.  D.  ALLCROFT. 

Celtic  Language. — As  fraus  latet  in  generalibus 
in  linguistics  as  in  law,  I  beg  to  suggest  that,  in- 
stead of  using  the  word  Celtic,  the  words  Gaelic, 
Cymbric,  Breton,  Armorican,  Welsh,  Irish,  &c.  might 
be  properly  appropriated.  The  mother  Celtic  is 
lost, — her  remains  are  to  be  found  only  in  the 
names  of  mountains,  rivers,  and  countries  ;  and 
our  knowledge  of  this  tongue  is  derived  from  an 
acquaintance  with  her  two  principal  daughters, 
the  Gaelic  and  Cymbric  (=Kymric).  The  Gaelic 
tongue  has  been  driven  by  Germanic  invasion 
into  Ireland  (Erse),  and  into  the  Highlands  of 
Scotland  (Gaelic).  The  Cymbric  tongue  first  took 
refuge  in  Belgium,  known  afterwards  as  Breton, 
and  still  lives  as  Welsh  and  Bas-Breton,  which 
(and  not  the  Gaelic)  is  nearest  of  kin  in  some 
words  to  the  Latin  and  Italian. 

To  understand  this  subject,  the  profound  induc- 
tion of  EichhofFmust  be  studied  carefully. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Illustration  of  Longfellow —  "  God's  Acre"  — 
Longfellow's  very  beautiful  little  poem,  com- 
mencing : 

"  I  like  that  ancient  Saxon  phrase,  which  calls 
The  burial-ground  God's  acre." 

is  doubtless  familiar  to  all  your  readers.  It  may 
interest  some  of  them  to  know,  that  the  "  ancient 
Saxon  phrase"  has  not  yet  become  obsolete.  I 
read  the  words  "  GOTTES  ACKER,"  when  at  Basle 
last  autumn,  inscribed  over  the  entrance  to  a 
modern  cemetery,  just  outside  the  St.  Paul's  Gate 
of  that  city.  W.  SPARROW  SIMFSON. 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


493 


JOHN   LOCKE. 


I  shall  be  much  obliged  if  any  gentleman  who 
has  the  power  of  access  to  the  registers  of  Wring- 


ton,  Somerset,  or  who  may  otherwise  take  an  inte- 
rest in  the  descent  of  John  Locke  the  philosopher, 
will  kindly  assist  me  to  prove  that  the  parents  of 
that  eminent  man  were  as  supposed  to  be  in  the 
accompanying  pedigree. 


Edmund  Keene  of  Wrington, = Mary,  daughter  of described  as  a  widow, 

county  Somerset  I      October  15,  1631.    (Court  Roll.) 


Edmund  Kecne  of= 
Wrington,  Yeo- 
man. Will  dated 
September      12, 
1667    (in  which 
lie  mentions  his 
"  loving  brother 
Peter     Locke." 
Who  was  he?) 

I                    | 
^Frances,  daugh-         John.          Richard  ( 
ter  of  
"   Locke  (?).  Ex- 
ecutrix of  her 
husband's  will. 

at  Wrington,  July  15,  :                                          A 
1630.                                                                      "* 

JOHN  LOCKE  the  philosopher,  baptized  August  29,  1632. 

1                                 1                             1                     1 
Samuel  Keene.           John,  bap-           Peter.            Sarah, 
tized  Oc-               Both  baptized  Oc- 
tober   8,              tober  24,  1639. 
1635. 

Mary,  baptized  at  Wrington,  February  27,1633,=  John  Darbie  of 
by  her  father's  will  had  lands  at  Wrington         Shirbourne, 
and    Ley.     Will  dat.  August  16,   1717,   by        co.      Dorset, 
which  she  devised  her  estate  at  Wrington        Mercer, 
to  her  niece  Frances  Watkins  of  Abingdon,        (Deed,    Au- 
widow,  remainder  to  her  son  Joseph.    Died        gust  16,  1676.) 
Novembers?,  1717. 

Frances  Keene.     (Daughter  of=Joseph  Watkins  of 

Joseph  Watkins  of  Clapton,  Middlesex,  Esq.=Magdalen,  daughter  of  .  . 

A 


Gibbes. 


I  observe  that  in  Chalmers'  Dictionary  the 
mother  of  Locke  is  called  Anne,  whereas,  in  the 
Wrington  register,  I  am  informed  that  it  appears 
as  Agnes,  —  "  1630,  July  15,  (married)  John 
Locke  and  Agnes  Keene."  I  believe,  however, 
that  in  former  days  Anne  and  Agnes  were  not 
unfrequently  confounded,  so  that  the  apparent 
discrepancy  may  not  be  material. 

The  best  evidence  that  is  at  present  within  my 
reach,  in  support  of  the  connexion  here  given,  is  a 
letter  from  Mrs,  Frances  Watkins,  a  daughter  of 
either  Samuel  or  John  Keene,  dated  "Abingdon, 
January,  1754,"  addressed  to  her  son  "Joseph 
Watkins,  Esq.,  at  John's  Coffee  House,  Cornhill, 
London,"  and  from  which  I  make  the  following 
extract  for  the  information  of  those  who  may  be 
disposed  to  look  into  this  question.  She.  says,  — 

"  I  am  allied  to  Mr.  Lock  thus  :  His  father  and  ray 
grandmother  were  brother  and  sister,  and  his  mother 
and  my  grandfather  were  also  sister  and  brother,  con- 
sequently my  father  and  the  great  Lock  were  doubly 
first  cousins.  My  grandfather's  sister  and  my  grand- 
mother's brother  produced  this  wonder  of  the  world. 
To  make  you  more  sensible  of  it,  a  Lock  married  a 
Keen,  and  a  Keen  married  a  Lock.  My  aunt  Keen 
was  a  most  beautiful  woman,  as  was  all  the  family ; 
and  my  uncle  Lock  an  extream  wise  man.  So  much 
for  genealogy.  My  Lord  Chancellor  King  was  allied 
thus  near.  I  forgett  whether  his  mother  was  a  Keen 
or  a  Lock.  I  had  this  information  from  my  aunt 
Darby.  Mr.  Lock  had  no  advantage  in  his  person,  but 
was  a  very  fine  gentleman.  From  foreign  Courts  they 
used  to  write,  « For  John  Lock,  Es(j.,  in  England.'" 

C.  J. 


41  The  Village  Lawyer"  —  Can  you  inform  me 
who  is  the  author  of  that  very  popular  farce,  The 
Village  Lawyer  f  It  was  first  acted  about  the 
year  1787.  It  has  been  ascribed  to  Mr.  Ma- 
cready,  the  father  of  Mr.  W.  C.  Macready,  the 
eminent  tragedian.  The  real  author,  however,  is 
said  to  have  been  a  dissenting  minister  in  Dublin, 
and  I  would  be  obliged  to  any  of  your  readers 
who  could  give  me  his  name.  SIGMA. 

Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Cambridge.  —  In 
a  note  in  the  first  volume  of  Miss  Strickland's 
Lives  of  the  Queens  of  Scotland,  she  remarks  that 
Bourcliier,  Earl  of  Essex,  "  was  near  of  kin  to  the 
royal  family,  being  grand-nephew  to  Richard, 
Duke  of  York,  father  of  Edward  IV.,  but  did  not 
share  the  blood  of  the  heiress  of  March,  Jane 
Mortimer."  I  quote  from  memory,  not  having 
the.  book  at  hand ;  but  allowing  that  Jane  for 
Anne  may  be  a  slip  of  the  pen,  or  a  mistake  of  the 
press,  where  did  Miss  Strickland  discover  any 
second  marriage  of  Richard,  Earl  of  Cambridge  ? 
All  pedigrees  of  the  royal  family  that  I  have  seen 
agree  in  giving  him  only  one  wife,  and  in  ex- 
pressly stating  her  to  be  mother  to  Isabel,  Countess 
of  Essex.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 

Highland  Regiment.  —  Can  any  of  your  Gaelic 
or  military  correspondents  inform  me  whether  it 
is  at  present  the  custom  for  the  officers  in  the 
Highland  regiments  to  wear  a  dirk  in  addition  to 
the  broadsword  ?  Also  whether  the  Highland 
regiments  were  ever  armed  with  broadswords,  and 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


whether  their  drill  is  different  to  that  of  the  other 
troops  of  the  line  ?  I  have  somewhere  heard  it 
said  that  the  28th  (an  English  regiment)  were 
once  armed  with  swords,  whence  their  name  of 
"  The  Slashers  ?  "  Is  this  the  real  origin  of  the 
name  ?  and  if  not,  what  is  ?  I  should  also  like  to 
know  the  origin  of  the  custom  of  wearing  un- 
dress white  shell  jackets,  which  are  now  worn  by 
the  Highlanders  ?  ARTHUR. 

Ominous  Storms.  —  A  remark  by  a  labouring 
man  of  this  town  (Grantham),  which  is  new  to 
me,  is  to  the  following  effect.  In  March,  and  all 
seasons  when  the  judges  are  on  circuit,  and  when 
there  are  any  criminals  to  be  hanged,  there  are 
always  winds  and  storms,  and  roaring  tempests. 
Perhaps  there  are  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  who  have 
met  with  the  same  idea.  JOHN  HAWKINS. 

Edward  Fitzgerald,  born  17th  January,  1528, 
son  of  Gerald,  ninth  Earl  of  Kildare,  and  brother 
of  the  celebrated  "  Silken  Thomas,"  an  ancestor 
of  the  Duke  of  Leinster,  married  Mary,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Sir  John  Leigh  of  Addington,  and 
widow  of  Sir  Thomas  Paston  (called  improperly 
Sir  John).  There  are  contradictory  pedigrees  of 
the  Leigh  family  in  the  Surrey  Visitations,  e.g. 
Harl.  MSS.  1147.  and  5520.  Could  one  of  your 
correspondents  oblige  me  with  a  correct  pedigree 
of  this  Mary  Leigh ;  she  is  sometimes  called 
"Mabel?"  Y.S.M. 

Boyle  Family.  —  Allow  me  to  repeat  the  Query 
regarding  Richard  Boyle  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  430.).  Ri- 
chard Boyle,  appointed  Dean  of  Limerick  5th  Feb. 

1661,  and  Bishop  of  Leighlin  and  Ferns  in  1666, 
died  in  1682.     Roger  Boyle,  the  youngest  brother 
of  Richard,  was  born  in  1617,  and  educated  in 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  of  which  he  became  a 
Fellow.     On  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  of 
1641   he  went   to  England,   and  having  become 
tutor  to  Lord  Paulet,  he  continued  in  that  family 
till  the  Restoration,  when  he  returned  to  Ireland, 
and  was  presented  with  the  Rectory  of  Carrigaline, 
diocese  of  Cork.     He  was  made  Dean  of  Cork  in 

1662,  and  promoted  to  the  Bishopric  of  Down 
and  Connor  12th  Sept.  1667.     He  was  translated- 
to  Clogher,  21st  September,  1672,  and  died  26th 
November,   1687.     The   sister  of  these  prelates 
was  wife  to  the  Rev.  Urban  Vigors  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  340.).     They  were  near  relatives  of  the  great 
Earl  of  Cork,  and  many  of  their  descendants  have 
been  buried  in  his  tomb,  in  St.  Patrick's  Cathe- 
dral, Dublin.     I  have  not  seen  any  reply  to  my 
Query  about  Mr.  Vigors.     May  I  ask  is  there  any 
list  of  the  chaplains  of  King  Charles  I.  ? 

Y.  S.  M. 

Inn  Signs. — As  the  subject  of  inns  is  being  dis- 
cussed, can  any  of  your  readers  tell  the  origin  of 
**  The  Green  Man  and  Still  ?  "  And  is  there  any 


foundation  for  a  statement,  that  "  the  chequers" 
have  been  found  on  Italian  wine-shops,  and  were 
imported  from  Egypt,  having  there  been  the  em- 
blem of  Osiris.  S.  A. 
Oxford. 

Demoniacal  Descent  of  the  Plantagenets.  —  In 
"K  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vii.,  p.  73.,  I  asked  for  information 
as  to  the  demoniacal  ancestor  of  Henry  II.,  con- 
fessing my  own  ignorance  of  the  tradition.  I 
received  no  answer,  but  was  induced  to  inquire 
farther  by  a  passage  in  the  article  on  "  A'Becket " 
in  the  Quarterly  Review,  xciii.  349. 

"  These  words  goaded  the  king  into  one  of  those 
paroxysms  of  fury  to  which  all  the  earlier  Plantagenet 
princes  were  subject,  and  which  was  believed  by  them 
to  arise  from  a  mixture  of  demoniacal  blood  in  their 
race." 

The  following  is  from  Thierry,  torn.  iii.  p.  330.r 
Paris,  1830: 

"  L'on  racontait  d'une  ancienne  Comtesse  d'Anjou, 
aieule  du  pere  de  Henri  II.,  que  son  rnari  ayant  re- 
marque  avec  effroi,  qu'elle  allait  rarement  a  Peglise,  et 
qu'elle  en  sortait  toujours  a  la  sacre  de  la  messe,  s'avisa 
de  1'y  faire  retenir  de  force  par  quatre  ecuyers  ;  mais 
qu'a  1'instant  de  la  consecration,  la  Comtesse,  jettant  le 
manteau  par  lequel  on  la  tenait,  s'etait  envolee  par  une 
fenetre,  et  n'avai£  jamais  reparu.  Richard  de  Poictiers, 
selon  un  contemporain,  avait  coutume  de  rapporter 
cette  aventure,  et  de  dire  a  ce  propos:  '  Est-il  etonnant 
que,  sortis  d'une  telle  source,  nous  vivions  mal,  les  uns 
avec  les  autres  ?  Ce  qui  provient  du  diable  doit  re- 
tourner  au  diable.' " 

Thierry  quotes  Brompton  apud  Scriptores  He- 
rum  Francorum,  torn.  xiii.  p.  215. : 

"  Istud  Ricardus  referre  solebat,  asserens  de  tali 
genere  procedentes  sese  mutuo  infestent,  tanquam  de 
diabolo  venientes,  et  ad  diabolum  transeuntes." 

I  shall  be  glad  of  any  assistance  in  tracing  the 
story  up  or  down.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Anglo-Saxon  Graves. — The  world  is  continu- 
ally hearing  now  of  researches  in  Anglo-Saxon 
graves.  I  beg  to  inquire  whether  Anglo-Saxon 
coins  or  inscriptions  have  been  found  in  any  of 
these,  so  as  to  identify  them  with  the  people  to 
whom  these  interments  are  ascribed  ?  or  upon 
what  other  proof  or  authority  these  graves  are  so 
assigned  to  the  Anglo-Saxons  ?  II.  E. 

Robert  Brown  the  Separatist.  —  Robert  Brown 
the  Separatist,  from  whom  his  followers  were 
called  "  Brownists."  Whom  did  he  marry,  and 
when  ?  In  the  Biog.  Brit,  he  is  said  to  have  been 
the  son  of  Anthony  Brown  of  Tolthorp,  Rutland, 
Esq.  (though  born  at  Northampton,  according  to 
Mr.  Collier),  and  grandson  of  Francis  Brown, 
whom  King  Henry  VIII.,  in  the  eighteenth  year 
of  his  reign,  privileged  by  charter  to  wear  his 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


cap  in  the  royal  presence.  He  was  nearly  allied 
to  the  Lord  Treasurer  Cecil  Lord  Burleigh,  who 
was  his  friend  and  powerful  protector.  Burleigh's 
aunt  Joan,  daughter  of  David  Cyssel  of  Stamford 
(grandfather  of  the  Lord  Treasurer)  by  his  second 
wife,  married  Edmund  Brown.  She  was  half- 
sister  of  Richard  Cyssel  of  Burleigh,  the  Lord 
Treasurer's  father.  What  connexion  was  there 
between  Edmund  Brown  and  Anthony  Brown  of 
Tolthorp  ? 

Fuller  (Ch.  Hist.,  b.  ix.  p.  168.)  says,  he  had  a 
wife  with  whom  he  never  lived,  and  a  church  in 
which  he  never  preached.  His  church  was  in 
Northamptonshire,  and  he  died  in  Northampton 
Gaol  in  1630. 

From  1589  to  1592  he  was  master  of  St.  Olave's 
Grammar  School  in  Southwark.  G.  R.  CORNER. 

Eltham. 

Commissions  issued  by  Charles  L  at  Oxford.  — 
In  Lord  Campbell's  Lives  of  the  Chancellors, 
vol.  ii.  p.  604.,  it  is  stated  that  a  commission  was 
granted  to  Lord  Keeper  Littleton  to  raise  a  corps 
of  volunteers  for  the  royal  service  among  the 
members  of  the  legal  profession,  "  and  that  the 
docquet  of  that  commission  remains  among  the 
instruments  passed  under  the  great  seal  of  King 
Charles  I.  at  Oxford."  P.  C.  S.  S.  is  very  desirous 
to  know  where  a  list  of  these  instruments  can  be 
consulted?  P.  C.  S.  S. 


CEtuert'erf  im'tf) 

Hogmanay.  —  This  word,  applied  in  Scotland 
to  the  last  day  of  the  year,  is  derived  by  Jamieson 
(I  believe,  but  have  not  his  Dictionary  to  refer  to) 
from  the  Greek  ayia  \vt\v-t\. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  north  of  the 
Tweed,  or  elsewhere,  give  the  correct  source  ? 

W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 

[Our  correspondent  is  probably  not  aware  that 
Brand,  in  his  Popular  Antiquities,  vol.  i.  pp.  457-461. 
(Bonn's  edit.),  has  devoted  a  chapter  to  this  term. 
Among  other  conjectural  etymologies  he  adds  the 
following  :  "  We  read  in  the  Scotch  Presbyterian  Elo- 
quence Displayed,  that  it  is  ordinary  among  some  ple- 
beians in  the  South  of  Scotland  to  go  about  from  door 
to  door  on  New  Year's  Eve,  crying  Hagmena,  a  cor- 
rupted word  from  the  Greek  ayia  wvn,  i.  e.  holy  month. 
John  Dixon,  holding  forth  against  this  custom  once,  in 
a  sermon  at  Kelso,  says  :  '  Sirs,  do  you  know  what 
hagmane  signifies?  It  is,  the  devil  be  in  the  house! 
that's  the  meaning  of  its  Hebrew  original,'  p.  102. 
Bourne  agrees  in  the  derivation  of  Hagmena  given  in 
the  Scotch  Presbyterian  Eloquence  Displayed.  «  Angli,' 
says  Hospinian,  '  Haleg-monath,  quasi  sacrum  mensem 
vocant.'  De  Origine  Ethn.,  p.  81."  See  also  an  ingenious 
essay  on  Hagmena  in  the  Caledonian  Mercury  for  Jan.  2, 
1792,  from  which  the  most  important  parts  have  been 
extracted  by  Dr.  Jamieson  in  his  art.  "  Hogmanay."] 


Longfellow's  "  Hyperion."  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  why  that  magnificent  work  of 
Longfellow's,  which  though  in  prose  contains 
more  real  poetry  than  nine-tenths  of  the  volumes 
of  verse  now  published,  is  called  Hyperion  ? 

MORDAN  GlLLOTT, 

[Hyperion  is  an  epithet  applied  to  Apollo,  and  is 
used  by  Shakspeare,  Hamlet,  Act  I.  Sc.  2.  : 

"  Hyperion  to  a  satyr." 

Warburton  says,  "  This  similitude  at  first  sight  seems 
to  be  a  little  far-fetched,  but.  it  has  an  exquisite  beauty. 
By  the  satyr  is  meant  Pan,  as  by  Hyperion  Apollo. 
Pan  and  Apollo  were  brothers,  and  the  allusion  is  to 
the  contention  between  those  gods  for  the  preference  in 
music."  Steevens,  on  the  other  hand,  believes  that 
Shakspeare  "has  no  allusion  in  the  present  instance, 
except  to  the  beauty  of  Apollo,  and  its  immediate 
opposite,  the  deformity  of  a  satyr."  Hyperion  or 
Apollo  is  represented  in  all  the  ancient  statues  as  ex- 
quisitely beautiful,  the  satyrs  hideously  ugly.] 

Sir  Hugh  Myddelton.  —  Where  was  Sir  Hugh 
Myddelton  buried  ?  and  has  a  monument  been 
erected  to  his  memory  ?  I  have  searched  several 
encyclopaedias  and  other  works,  but  they  make 
no  mention  of  his  place  of  sepulture. 

Hughson,  I  think,  states  it  to  be  St.  Matthew's, 
Friday  Street ;  but  I  believe  this  is  not  correct. 

J.  O.  W. 

[There  is  a  statue  of  Sir  Hugh  Myddelton,  by 
Carew,  in  the  New  Royal  Exchange.  See  Cunning- 
ham's Handbook  of  London,  from  which  work  we 
learn  (p.  327.)  that "  the  register  of  St.  Matthew's,  Fri- 
day Street,  abounds  in  entries  relating  to  the  family  of 
Sir  Hugh  Myddelton."  Cunningham  does  not  mention 
his  burial-place;  but  in  the  pedigree  of  the  family  given 
in  Lewis's  History  of  Islington,  it  is  stated  that  he  was 
buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Matthew,  London.] 

Sangarede.  —  The  expression  "  sangarede,"  or 
"  sangared,"  occurs  in  two  ancient  wills,  one  dated 
1504,  in  which  the  testator  bequeathed  — 

"  To  the  sepulkyr  lyght  vi  hyves  of  beene  to  pray 
ffbr  me  and  my  wyffe  in  ye  comon  sangered." — Lib. 
Fuller,  f.  70. 

In  the  other,  dated  1515,  this  passage  occurs  : 

"  I  wyll  yfc  lone  my  wyff  here  a  yeere  daye  for  me 
yeerly  terme  of  her  lyfe  in  the  church  of  Mendlshm, 
and  after  here  decesse  ye  towne  of  Mendelyshm  here  a 
sangarede  for  me  and  my  wyfe  in  the  church  of 
Mendlshm  perpetually." 

I  should  be  much  obliged  if  you  or  one  of  your 
correspondents  could  furnish  me  with  an  inti- 
mation of  the  meaning  of  the  term.  LAICUS. 

[Sangared,  i.  e.  the  chantry,  or  chanting,  from  the 
Saxon  sangere,  a  singer.] 

Salubrity  of  Hallsal,  near  Ormskirk,  Lancashire. 
—  Between  the  19th  of  February  and  the  14th  of 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  239. 


May,  1800,  ten  persons  died  in  this  parish  whose 
ages,  as  recorded  on  their  tombs  in  the  order  of 
their  departure,  were  74,  84,  37,  70,  84,  70,  72, 
62,  SO,  90.  This  year  must  have  been  a  fatal  one 
to  old  people.  Can  any  of  the  correspondents  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  tell  anything  about  the  season  ? 

Bootle. 

[The  beginning  of  the  year  1800  was  unusually 
severe  ;  in  February,  ice  covered  the  ground  so  com- 
pletely, that  people  skaited  through  the  streets  and 
roads;  and  in  March,  easterly  winds  prevailed  with 
extraordinary  violence.  For  the  verification  of  these 
facts,  consult  the  Meteorological  diaries  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  of  the  above  period.] 

Athens.  —  What  is  the  origin  of  the  term 
"  violet- crowned  city,"  as  applied  to  Athens  ? 
Macaulay  uses  the  expression  in  his  History  of 
England,  but  does  not  state  how  it  was  acquired. 

E.  A.  T. 

[The  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans,  at  their  festive 
entertainments,  wore  garlands  of  flowers,  and  the  violet 
was  the  favourite  of  the  Athenians,  than  whom  no 
people  were  more  devoted  to  mirth,  conviviality,  and 
sensual  pleasure.  Hence  the  epithet  was  also  given  to 
Venus,  KuTrpjy  loarrffpavos,  as  in  some  versus  recorded 
by  Plutarch,  in  his  Life  of  Solon.  Aristophanes  twice 
applies  the  word  to  his  sybarite  countrymen  :  Equites, 
v.  1323.,  and  Acarn.  i.  637. ] 

James  Miller.  —  Who  was  Miller,  mentioned  by 
Warburton  as  a  writer  of  farces  about  1735  ? 

I.  R.  R. 

[James  Miller,  a  political  and  dramatic  writer,  was 
born  in  Dorsetshire  in  1703.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion at  Wadham  College,  Oxford ;  and  while  at  the 
university,  wrote  a  satiric  piece  called  The  Humours  of 
Oxford,  which  created  him  many  enemies,  and  hindered 
his  preferment.  He  also  published  several  political 
pamphlets  against  Sir  Robert  Walpole  ;  and  also  the 
tragedy  of  Mahomet,  and  other  plays.  He  died  in 
1744.] 


BRTDONE. 


(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  138.  255.  305.  432.) 
TRAVELLER  having  honoured  me  by  alluding  to 
a  little  work  of  mine,  written  thirty-five  years  ago, 
I  may  perhaps  be  permitted  to  correct  a  few 
errors  (trifling,  because  personal)  in  his  notice. 
My  affinity  was  that  of  a  cousin,  not  uncle,  to  the 
late  lord  my  predecessor.  I  never  had  the  mili- 
tary rank  assigned  to  me,  but  was  at  the  time  like 
TRAVELLER  himself,  a  "  youngster"  freshly  eman- 
cipated from  Oxford  to  the  Continent  :  and  had 
little  more  pretension  in  printing  the  extracts 
from  my  Journal,  than  to  comply  with  the  kind 
wishes  of  many  friends  and  relatives. 


But  to  pass  to  what  is  more  important,  the 
character  of  Brydone,  at  the  time  I  speak  of  there 
were  no  useful  handbooks  in  existence  ;  and  tour- 
ists took  for  the  purpose  such  volumes  of  travels 
as  they  could  carry.  Brydone,  for  this,  was  unfit. 
The  French  criticism  (quoted  Vol.  ix.,  p.  306.) 
rightly  says,  that  he  sacrificed  truth  to  piquancy 
in  his  narrations.  Still  it  is  a  heavy  charge  to 
suspect  so  gross  a  deviation,  as  that  of  inventing 
the  description  of  an  ascent  which  he  never  ac- 
complished ;  especially  when  the  ascent  is  a  feat 
not  at  all  difficult.  The  evidence  for  this  disbelief 
must  be  derived  from  a  series  of  errors  in  the 
account,  which  I  do  not  remember  to  have  ob- 
served while  reading  him  on  the  spot.  The 
charitable  supposition  of  MR.  MACRAY,  that  he 
mistook  the  summit,  is  hardly  compatible  with  so 
defined  a  cone  as  that  of  Etna ;  but  all  must  agree 
with  his  just  estimate  of  that  description,  and 
which  the  Biographic  Universelle  itself  terms 
"  chef  d'ceuvre  de  narration."  Brydone,  no  doubt, 
is  as  unsafe  for  the  road  as  he  is  amusing  for  the 
study,  and  perhaps  from  that  very  reason. 

MONSON. 

Gatton  Park. 


COLERIDGE'S  UNPUBLISHED  MSS. 

(Vol.  iv.,  p.  411.;   Vol.  vi.,  p.  533.;   Vol.  viii., 
p.  43.) 

When  I  sent  you  my  Note  on  this  subject  at 
the  last  of  the  above  references,  I  had  not  read 
Letters,  Conversations,  and  Recollections  of  S.  T. 
Coleridge,  Moxon,  1836.  The  subjoined  ex- 
tracts from  that  work  confirm  that  note,  vol.  i. 
pp.  104.  156.  162. 

August  8,  1820.    Coleridge  : 

"  I  at  least  am  as  well  as  I  ever  am,  and  my  regular 
employment,  in  which  Mr.  Green  is  weekly  my 
amanuensis,  [is]  the  work  on  the  books  of  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments,  introduced  by  the  assumptions 
and  postulates  required  as  the  preconditions  of  a  fair 
examination  of  Christianity  as  a  scheme  of  doctrines, 
precepts,  and  histories,  drawn  or  at  least  deducible  from 
these  books." 

January,  1821.     Coleridge": 

'*  In  addition  to  these of  my  GREAT  WORK,  to 

the  preparation  of  which  more  than  twenty  years  of  my 
life  have  been  devoted,  and  on  which  my  hopes  of  ex- 
tensive and  permanent  utility,  of  fame,  in  the  noblest 
sense  of  the  word,  mainly  rest,  &c.  Of  this  work,  £c., 
the  result  must  finally  be  revolution  of  all  that  has  been 
called  Philosophy  or  Metaphysics  in  England  and 
France  since  the  era  of  the  commencing  predominance 
of  the  mechanical  system  at  the  restoration  of  our 
second  Charles,  and  with  the  present  fashionable  views, 
not  only  of  religion,  morals,  and  politics,  but  even  of 
the  modern  physics  and  physiology.  .  .  .  Of  this 
work,  something  more  than  a  volume  has  been  die- 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


tated  by  me,  so  as  to  exist  fit  for  the  press,  to  my  friend 
and  enlightened  pupil,  Mr.  Green;  and  more  than  as 
much  again  would  have  been  evolved  and  delivered  to 
paper,  but  that  for  the  last  six  or  eight  months  I  have 
been  compelled  to  break  off  our  weekly  meeting,"  &c. 

Vol.  ii.  p.  2 19.    Editor: 

"  The  prospectus  of  these  lectures  (viz.  on  Philo- 
sophy) is  so  full  of  interest,  and  so  well  worthy  ol 
attention,  that  I  subjoin  it ;  trusting  that  the  Lectures 
themselves  will  soon  be  furnished  by,  or  under  the 
auspices  of,  Mr.  Green,  the  most  constant  and  the 
most  assiduous  of  his  disciples.  That  gentleman  will, 
I  earnestly  hope — and  doubt  not  —  see,  feel,  the  ne- 
cessity of  giving  the  whole  of  his  great  master's  views, 
opinions,  and  anticipations  ;  not  those  alone  in  which 
he-  more  entirely  sympathises,  or  those  which  may 
have  more  ready  acceptance  in  the  present  time.  He 
will  not  shrink  from  the  great,  the  sacred  duty  he  has 
voluntarily  undertaken,  from  any  regards  of  prudence, 
still  less  from  that  most  hopeless  form  of  fastidiousness, 
the  wish  to  conciliate  those  who  are  never  to  be  con- 
ciliated, inferior  'minds  smarting  under  a  sense  of  in- 
feriority, and  the  imputation  which  they  are  conscious  is 
just,  that  but  for  Him  they  never  could  have  been ; 
that  distorted,  dwarfed,  changed,  as  are  all  his  views 
and  opinions,  by  passing  athwart  minds  with  which  they 
could  not  assimilate,  they  are  yet  almost  the  only 
things  which  give  such  minds  a  status  in  literature." 

How  has  Mr.  Green  discharged  the  duties  of 
this  solemn  trust  ?  Has  he  made  any  attempt  to 
give  publicity  to  the  Logic,  the  "  great  work  "  on 
Philosophy,  the  work  on  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments, to  be  called  The  Assertion  of  Religion,  or 
the  History  of  Philosophy,  all  of  which  are  in  his 
custody,  and  of  which  the  first  is,  on  the  testimony 
of  Coleridge  himself,  a  finished  work  ?  We  know 
from  the  Letters,  vol.  ii.  pp.  11.  150.,  that  the 
Logic  is  an  essay  in  three  parts,  viz.  the  "  Canon," 
the  "  Criterion,"  and  the  "  Organon ;"  of  these  the 
last  only  can  be  in  any  respect  identical  with  the 
Treatise  on  Method.  There  are  other  works  of 
Coleridge  missing ;  to  these  I  will  call  attention  in 
a  future  Note.  For  the  four  enumerated  above 
Mr.  Green  is  responsible.  He  has  lately  received 
the  homage  of  the  University  of  Oxford  in  the 
shape  of  a  D.C.L. ;  he  can  surely  afford  a  fraction 
of  the  few  years  that  may  still  be  allotted  to  him 
in  re-creating  the  fame  of,  and  in  discharging  his 
duty  to,  his  great  master.  If,  however,  he  cannot 
afford  the  time,  trouble,  and  cost  of  the  under- 
taking, I  make  him  this  public  offer;  I  will, 
myself,  take  the  responsibility  of  the  publication 
of  the  above-mentioned  four  works,  if  he  will  en- 
trust me  with  the  MSS. 

The  Editor  will,  I  doubt  not,  be  good  enough 
to  forward  to  the  learned  Doctor  a  copy  of  the 
Number  in  which  this  appeal  is  published. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 


MR.   JUSTICE    TALFOURD    AND   DR.   BEATTIE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  393.) 

There  is  so  much  similarity  of  character,  in  re- 
spect of  sympathy  for  the  humbler  position  and 
the  well-being  of  others,  between  this  lamented 
judge  and  that  of  the  professor  who  is  depicted 
by  his  biographer  in  the  following  extract,  that  I 
hope  you  will  agree  with  me  in  thinking  it  worthy 
of  being  framed,  and  hung  up  as  a  companion- 
sketch  in  your  pages  : 

"  As  a  Professor,  not  his  own  class  only,  but  the 
whole  body  of  students  at  the  University,  looked  up 
to  him  with  esteem  and  veneration.  The  profound 
piety  of  the  public  prayers,  with  which  he  began  the 
business  of  each  day,  arrested  the  attention  of  the 
youngest  and  most  thoughtless ;  the  excellence  of  his 
moral  character  ;  his  gravity  blended  with  cheerful- 
ness, his  strictness  joined  with  gentleness,  his  favour  to 
the  virtuous  and  diligent,  and  even  the  mildness  of  his 
reproofs  to  those  who  were  less  attentive,  rendered  him 
the  object  of  their  respect  and  admiration.  Never  was 
more  exact  discipline  preserved  than  in  his  class,  nor 
ever  anywhere  by  more  gentle  means.  His  sway  was 
absolute,  because  it  was  founded  in  reason  and  affec- 
tion. He  never  employed  a  harsh  epithet  in  finding 
fault  with  any  of  his  pupils ;  and  when,  instead  of  a 
rebuke  which  they  were  conscious  they  deserved,  they 
met  merely  with  a  mild  reproof,  it  was  conveyed  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  throw  not  only  the  delinquent, 
but  sometimes  the  whole  class  into  tears.  To  gain  his 
favour  was  the  highest  ambition  of  every  student;  and 
the  gentlest  word  of  disapprobation  was  a  punishment, 
to  avoid  which,  no  exertion  was  deemed  too  much. 
His  great  object  was  not  merely  to  make  his  pupils 
philosophers,  but  to  render  them  good  men,  pious 
Christians,  loyal  to  their  king,  and  attached  to  the 
British  constitution ;  pure  in  morals,  happy  in  the 
consciousness  of  a  right  conduct,  and  friends  to  all 
mankind." 

This  is  the  language  of  Dr.  Beattie's  biographer, 
who  knew  him  intimately.  Cowper,  the  poet, 
thus  writes  of  him  to  the  Rev.  W.  Unwin,  from,  a 
knowledge  of  his  works  : 

'«  I  thanked  you  in  my  last  for  Johnson ;  I  now 
thank  you  with  more  emphasis  for  Beattie  —  the  most 
agreeable  and  amiable  writer  I  ever  met  with — the 
only  author  I  have  seen  whose  critical  and  philoso- 
phical researches  are  diversified  and  embellished  by  a 
poetical  imagination,  that  makes  even  the  driest  sub- 
ect,  and  the  leanest,  a  feast  for  an  epicure  in  books. 
He  is  so  much  at  his  ease  too,  that  his  own  character 
appears  in  every  page  ;  and,  which  is  very  rare,  we  see 
not  only  the  writer,  but  the  man :  and  that  man  so 
gentle,  so  well-tempered,  so  happy  in  his  religion,  and 
so  humane  in  his  philosophy,  that  it  is  necessary  to 
ove  him,  if  one  has  any  sense  of  what  is  lovely." — Life 
if  Dr.  Beattie,  by  Sir  William  Forbes,  Bart. 

J.  M. 

Oxford. 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


RUSSIAN    "TE    DEUM. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  325.) 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  this  Greek 
doxology,  as  contained  in  the  Prayer-Book  of  the 
Greek  Church,  under  the  title  '£ipo\6yiov  TO  peya, 
Bfvaria,  Tuiroy.  NiKo\dov  TAu/d?,  1845,  p.  75.  : 

1.  Glory  to  Thee,  the  Giver  oflight. 

2.  Glery  to  God  on  high,  and  on  earth  peace,  good- 

will towards  men. 

3.  We  praise  Thee,  we  bless  Thee,  we  worship]Thee, 

we  glorify  Thee,  we  give  thanks  to  Thee  for 
Thy  great  glory ; 

4.  O  Lord  King,  heavenly  God,   Father  Almighty, 

O  Lord,  only- begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ,  and 
Holy  Spirit. 

5.  O  Lord  God,  Lamb  of  God,  Son  of  the  Father, 

that  taketh  away  the  siu  of  the  world ;  have 
mercy  upon  us,  Thou  that  takest  away  the  sins 
of  the  world. 

6.  Accept   our   prayer  ;     Thou   that    sittest   at    the 

Father's  right  hand,  have  mercy  on  us : 

7.  For  Thou  only  art  holy ;   Thou  only,  Lord  Jesus 

Christ,  art  in  the  glory  of  God  the  Father. 
Amen. 

8.  Day  by  day  I  bless  Thee,  and  I  praise  Thy  name 

for  ever,  and  for  all  eternity. 

9.  Vouchsafe,  Lord,  this  day  to  keep  me  sinless. 

10.  Blessed  art  Thou,  Lord,  the  God  of  our  fathers  ; 

and  praised  and  glorified  be  Thy  name  for  ever. 
Amen. 

11.  Lord,  let  Thy  mercy  be  on  us,  as  we  trust   in 

Thee. 

12.  Blessed  art  Thou,  Lord  :  teach  me  Thy  statutes. 

13.  Lord,  Thou  hast  been  our  refuge  from  one  gene- 

ration to  another. 

1 4.  I  said,  Lord  be  merciful  unto  me  ;  heal  my  soul, 

for  I  have  sinned  against  Thee. 

15.  Lord,  I  fly  to  Thee;  teach  me  to  do  Thy  will,  for 

Thou  art  my  God: 

16.  For  with  Thee  is  a  well  of  life;  in  Thy  light  shall 

we  see  light. 

17.  Extend  Thy  mercy  to  them  that  know  Thee. 

18.  O  holy  God,  holy  Strength,  holy  Immortal,  have 

mercy  on  us.     Amen. 

Verses  2.  to  7.  are  identical  with  the  Gloria  in 
Excelsis,  or  the  Angelic  Hymn,  sung  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  Lord's  Supper  in  the  Anglican 
Church,  but  which  commences  the  Mass  in  the 
Romish  Church.  It  is  of  great  antiquity,  being 
attributed  to  Telesphorus,  A.D.  139,  and  is  found 
in  the  Apostolic  Constitutions,  vii.  c.  48. 

Verses  8,  9.  11.  are  the  same  as  in  the  Latin 
Te  Deum. 

Verse  12.  is  from  Psalrn  cxix.  12. 

Verse  13.  is  from  Psalm  xc.  1. 

Verse  14.  is  from  Psalm  xli.  4. 

Verse  15.  is  from  Psalm  cxliii.  9,  10. 

Verse  16.  is  from  Psalm  xxxvi.  9. 

Verse  17.  is  from  Psalm  xxxvi.  10. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 


In  answer  to  your  correspondent  HONORE  DE 
MAREVILLE'S  Query  regarding  the  Te  Dcum  as 
sung  in  Russia,  I  beg  to  inform  him  that  in 
whatever  language  the  Emperor  Nicholas  is  most 
familiar  with  this  hymn,  it  is  sung  in  all  their 
churches  in  Sclavonic,  which  is  only  intelligible 
to  the  priests  and  a  very  small  number  of  the 
laity,  the  mass  of  the  people  being  quite  ignorant 
of  this  old  language.  All  the  services  in  Russian 
churches  are  performed  in  Sclavonic. 

The  Old  Testament  is  not  permitted  to  be  read 
by  the  people  in  modern  Russ,  by  command  of 
the  Emperor ;  it  is  circulated  sparingly  in  Scla- 
vonic, which  is  of  course  useless  to  most  of  the 
people,  for  the  reason  named  above.  The  New 
Testament  is,  however,  allowed  to  circulate  in 
modern  Russ,  and  not  half  the  population  can 
read  that,  perhaps  not  more  than  a  third. 

With  regard  to  their  images  or  pictures  (al- 
luded to  by  me  in  Vol.  viii.,  p.  582.),  I  had  not  only 
perused  the  works  mentioned  by  G.  W.  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  86.)  before  I  wrote  about  the  Russian  religion, 
&c.,  but  several  other  works  besides.* 

Having  been  in  the  country  for  some  little 
time,  and  paid  some  attention  to  the  subject,  I 
was  certainly  surprised  to  find  little,  if  any,  men- 
tion made  of  their  manner  of  worship  or  super- 
stitious customs  in  Dr.  Blackmore's  works,  and 
wished  to  contribute  my  mite  towards  giving  your 
readers  some  information  as  to  the  state  of  this 
semi-civilised  race. 

From  Translations  of  Russian  Works  you  can 
glean  nothing  but  what  the  Russian  government 
chooses,  as  every  work  goes  through  a  severe 
censorship  before  it  is  allowed  to  be  printed  for 
circulation ;  and  if  there  is  anything  in  it  that  is 
not  liked,  it  is  not  permitted  to  be  published 
unless  those  parts  are  suppressed. 

It  is  perhaps  only  partially  known  that  there 
is  some  difficulty  in  getting  English  books  and 
newspapers  into  Russia,  as  all  must  go  through 
the  censor's  office.  The  Times  (which  is  however 
all  but,  if  not  quite,  prohibited  at  St.  Petersburg, 
and  has  been  so  a  long  time),  Punch,  and  others 
of  our  papers,  possess  a  ludicrous  appearance  after 
having  passed  through  the  hands  of  the  worthies 
in  the  censor's  office,  sometimes  there  being  very 
little  left  of  them  to  read. 

Whilst  writing  about  images,  I  omitted  to  name 
one  or  two  other  circumstances  that  have  come 
under  my  own  notice,  showing  still  farther  the 
superstitious  veneration  in  which  they  are  held 
by  the  Russians. 

In  the  case  of  a  house  on  fire,  one  of  the  in- 
mates, with  his  head  uncovered,  carries  the  image 
three  times  round  the  burning  house,  under  the 


*  Owing  to  an  error  in  my  original  MS.,  or  of  the 
printers,  they  were  called  the  "gods"  instead  of  their 
gods,  answering  to  the  ancient  penates. 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


belief  that  it  will  cause  the  fire  to  cease,  never 
attempting  to  put  it  out  by  any  other  means. 

At  Moscow  there  is  a  very  noted  image  of  the 
Virgin  Mary  ;  it  is  deposited  in  a  recess  at  one 
side  of  an  archway  leading  to  the  Kremlin.  Every 
person  passing  through  this  archway  is  obliged  to 
uncover  his  head.  I  had  to  do  so  whenever  I 
passed  through.  The  belief  of  the  efficacy  of  this 
image  in  healing  diseases  is  universal.  When  any 
pers°on  is  ill,  by  paying  the  priests  handsomely, 
they  will  bring  it  with  great  pomp,^  in  a  carriage 
and  four  horses,  to  the  sick  person's  house,  who 
must  recover,  or  else,  if  death  ensues,  they  say  it 
is  so  fated. 

Instances  of  other  images  in  various  parts  of  the 
empire,  some  believed  to  have  fallen  from  heaven, 
might  be  multiplied  to  any  extent.  I  mention 
these  to  show  that,  whatever  these  representations 
of  the  Deity  may  be  called,  I  had  not  written  un- 
advisedly previously,  as  might  be  surmised  by 
G.  W.'s  remarks.  Everybody  must  deplore  the 
wretched  condition  of  these  people ;  and  the  Czar, 
well  knowing  their  superstitious  ideas,  works  upon 
their  fanatical  minds  with  such  letters  as  we  all 
have  had  the  sorrow  of  seeing  a  specimen  of  in 
The  Times  of  to-day.*  J.  S.  A. 

May  15,  1854. 


ARTESIAN   WELLS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  222.) 

Tour  correspondent  STTLITES  is  strongly  ad- 
vised not  to  set  about  making,  or  rather  endea- 
vouring to  make,  a  well  of  this  description  till  he 
has  been  well  advised  of  the  feasibility  of  the 
scheme  in  his  particular  locality.  The  old  adage 
will  apply  in  this  cfase,  "  Ex  quovis  ligno,"  &c. 
It  is  not  everywhere  that  an  artesian  well  can  be 
obtained  with  any  depth  of  bore ;  that  is,  a  well 
which  shall  bring  its  water  to  or  above  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground.  But  if,  on  sufficient  know- 
ledge of  the  mineralogical  structure  of  the  country, 
it  be  declared  that  a  well  of  the  true  artesian  sort 
cannot  be  obtained,  STYLITES  should  dig  his  well, 
say  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  deep,  and  "  stein "  it, 
and  then  bore  in  search  of  a  spring,  unless  a  suf- 
ficient supply  is  already  obtained  from  the  sur- 
face drainage.  A  moderate  outlay  in  this  way, 
unless  the  impervious  stratum  be  of  very  great 
thickness  indeed,  will  generally  bring  up  water, 
with  a  natural  tendency  to  rise  within  reach  of  a 
common  pump,  or  of  a  well-bucket  at  the  least. 

But  it  may  still  happen  that  the  water  of  the 
bore  has  not  this  natural  tendency.  In  that  case 
the  sinking  of  the  well  may  be  continued  till  the 
water  is  reached,  and  a  sufficient  depth  of  re- 
servoir obtained  at  the  bottom.  M.  (2) 

*  Vide  Nicholas  to  the  Commandant  of  Odessa. 


As  practical  answers  to  the  inquiries  of  STY- 
LITES on  this  subject,  I  have  to  say,  that  common 
wells  are  preferable  to  artesian  in  all  cases  where 
abundance  of  water  is  obtained  at  a  depth  not 
exceeding  thirty  feet.  I  need  not  tell  STYLITES 
that  the  common  sucking-pump  will  not  draw  up 
water  from  a  depth  exceeding  thirty  feet.  The 
convenience  of  common  wells  is  one  reason  why 
artesian  ones  are  not  universally  adopted  ;  and  a 
greater  reason  is  that  artesian  wells  are  very  much 
more  expensive  to  make  than  common  ones. 
When  artesian  wells  are  preferable  to  common 
ones  is,  when  water  cannot  be  obtained  at  a  depth 
beyond  the  reach  of  the  force-pump.  Two  of  my 
friends  have  made  artesian  wells ;  one  a  mill- 
spinner  at  Dundee,  at  a  time  when  that  town  was 
very  ill  supplied  with  water.  He  sunk  a  well 
150  feet  in  depth  and  found  no  water.  A  bore 
was  then  made  through  trap  rock  for  upwards  of 
150  feet,  and  water  was  found  in  abundance  on 
reaching  the  underlying  sandstone.  The  water 
ultimately  reached  near  to  the  top  of  the  well. 
The  other  well  was  made  by  a  bleacher  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Lisburn  in  Ireland.  All  the 
surface  springs  in  his  bleaching-grounds,  which 
are  extensive,  did  not  supply  a  sufficient  quantity 
for  his  purposes.  The  subsoil  being  boulder  clay, 
he  had  to  bore  through  it  to  about  300  feet  before 
the  water  was  met  with  ;  when  it  rose  as  near  the 
top  of  the  bore  as  to  permit  the  use  of  a  common 
pump  being  worked  by  power.  The  theory  of 
the  action  of  artesian  wells  has  been  explained  by 
MR.  BUCKTON  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  283.),  but  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  telling  STYLITES  that  he  will  find 
water  almost  anywhere  in  this  country  by  means 
of  an  artesian  bore.  HENRY  STEPHENS. 


DOG-WHIPPERS. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  349.) 

The  following  Notes  may  contain  information 
for  your  correspondent  C.  F.  W.  on  the  subject  of 
dog-whippers. 

Richard  Dovey,  of  Farmcote  in  Shropshire,  in 
the  year  1659,  charged  certain  cottages  with  the 
payment  of  eight  shillings  to  some  poor  man  of. 
the  parish  of  Claverley,  who  should  undertake  to 
awaken  sleepers,  and  whip  dogs  from  the  church 
during  divine  service.  Ten  shillings  and  sixpence 
per  annum  is  now  paid  for  the  above  service. 

John  Rudge  by  his  will,  dated  in  1725,  gave 
five  shillings  a  quarter  to  a  poor  man  to  go  about 
the  parish  church  of  Trysull,  in  Staffordshire, 
during  sermon,  to  keep  people  awake,  and  keep 
dogs  out  of  the  church.  This  sum  is  still  paid  for 
that  purpose. 

At  Chislet,  in  Kent,  is  a  piece  of  land  called 
"  Dog-whipper's  Marsh,"  about  two  acres,  out  of 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


•which  the  tenants  pay  ten  shillings  a  year  to  a 
person  for  keeping  order  in  the  church  during 
divine  service. 

There  is  an  acre  of  land  in  the  parish  of  Peter- 
church,  Herefordshire,  appropriated  to  the  use  of 
a  person  for  keeping  dogs  out  of  the  church. 

In  the  parish  of  Christchurcb,  Spitalfields,  there 
is  a  charity  fund  called  "  cat  and  dog  money,"  the 
interest  on  which  is  now  divided  annually  amongst 
six  poor  widows  of  weavers  of  the  names  of  Fabry 
or  Ovington.  There  is  a  tradition  in  the  parish 
that  this  money  was  originally  left  for  the  support 
of  cats  and  dogs,  but  it  is  more  probable  that  it 
was  originally  intended,  as  in  the  cases  above 
mentioned,  to  "  whip  dogs  and  cats "  out  of  the 
church  during  divine  service,  and  that  on  the  un- 
foreseen increase  in  the  fund  after  a  lapse  of  years, 
it  became  appropriated  in  the  present  way.  This 
money  was  the  subject  of  a  chancery  suit  in  the 
last  century,  and  the  decree  therein  directed  the 
present  division. 

Many  of  your  readers  will  call  to  mind  the  yelp 
of  some  poor  cur  who  had  strolled  through  the 
open  door  of  a  country  church  on  some  sultry 
day,  and  been  ejected  by  the  sexton.  I  myself 
have  often  listened  to  the  pit-a-pat  in  the  quiet 
aisle,  and  I  once  remember  a  disturbance  in 
church  caused  by  the  quarrel  of  two  dogs.  Such 
scenes,  and  the  fact  that  dogs  were  considered 
unclean  animals,  most  likely  gave  rise  to  the  occu- 
pation of  dog-whipper  as  a  function  of  the  sexton. 
It  will  also  be  remembered  that  some  dogs  cannot 
forbear  a  howl  at  the  sound  of  certain  musical  in- 
struments ;  and  besides  the  simple  inconvenience 
to  the  congregation,  this  howl  may  have  been 
considered  a  manifestation  of  antipathy  to  holy 
influences,  as  the  devil  was  supposed  to  fear  holy 
water. 

Landseer's  well-known  picture  of  "The  Free 
Church  "  proves  to  us  that  amongst  the  Highland 
shepherds  the  office  does  not  now  at  least  exist : 
and  amongst  other  instances  of  the  regular  at- 
tendance at  church  of  these  "  unclean  animals,"  I 
know  one  in  Wales  where  a  favourite  dog  always 
accompanied  his  master  to  church,  and  stood  up 
in  the  corner  of  the  pew,  keeping  watch  over  the 
congregation  with  the  strictest  decorum. 

A  NOTARY. 

That  persons  bearing  an  office  described  by 
such  a  name  were  attached  to  great  houses  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  is  clear  from  the  well-known 
passage  in  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  Act  IV. 
Sc.  4.,  where  Launce  says,  — 

"  I,  having  been  acquainted  with  the  smell  before, 
knew  it  was  Crab;  and  goes  me  to  the  fellow  that  whips 
the  dogs  :  '  Friend,'  quoth  I,  'you  mean  to  whip  the 
dog  ?  '  «  Ay,  marry  do  I,'  quoth  he,"  &c. 

W.  B.  R. 

Derby. 


CEPHAS,    A    BINDER,    AND    NOT    A    ROCK. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  368.) 

I  hope  you  will  allow  me  to  give  a  few  reasons 
for  dissenting  from  MR.  MARGOLIOUTH.  I  will 
promise  to  spare  your  space  and  avoid  contro- 
versy. 

1 .  The  Hebrew  word  Caphis  is  onlv  to  be  found 
in  Hab.  ii.  11.     Hence  it  has  been  regarded  as  of 
somewhat  uncertain  signification.     However,  by 
comparison  with  the  Syriac  verb  DSD  (cfphas),  we 
infer  that  it  may  denote  that  which  grasps,  gathers, 
or  holds  together;  it  is  therefore  not  synonymous 
with  8e«,  which  is  to  bind,  and  is  used  in  Matt.  xvi. 
19. 

2.  Proper  names   from  the  Hebrew,  Chaldee, 
and  Syriac,  are  generally  written  in  Greek,  with 
the  terminations  of  that  language,  as  e.g.  Jesus, 
John,  James,  Thomas,  Judas,  &c.,  and  these  ter- 
minations are  added  to  the  radical  letters  of  the 
name,  which  are  all  retained.     It  is  easy  to  see 
that  Caphis  would  become  Caphisus,  while  Cepho 
(Syriac  for  rocTt)  would  become  Cephas,  just  as 
JEhudo  (Syriac,  Jude)  becomes  Judas. 

3.  Still  less  likely  would  the  name  Caphis  be  to 
lose  a  radical  in  its  transfer  to  the  Syriac,  where 
Cephos  is  represented  by  Cepho,  without  s.^ 

4.  The   paronomasia    exhibited   in   the   Latin, 
"Tu  es  Petrus,  et  super  hanc  petram,"  also  appears 
both  in  the  Greek  and  the  Syriac. 

5.  The  difference  of  gender  between  the  words 
Petrus  and  petra,  moreover,  is  preserved  in  the 
Syriac  and  appears  in  the  Greek. 

6.  The  figure  of  binding  and  loosing  (v.  19.) 
is  one  which  was  common  to  the  three  languages, 
Greek,  Chaldee,  and  Syriac,  in  all  of  which  it 
denotes  "  to  remit  or  retain  ".sins,  "  to  confirm  or 
abolish"  a  law,  &c. 

7.  The  occurrence  of  this  figure  in  ch.  xviii.  18., 
where  the  reference  is  not  special  to  Peter,  but 
general  to  all  the  apostles.     (Compare  John  xx. 
23.) 

8.  The  Syriac  uniformly  translates  the  name 
Peter   by  Cepho   (i.e.  Cephas),  except   once   or 
twice  in  Peter's  epistles.     This  at  least  indicates 
their  view  of  its  meaning. 

On  the  whole  I  see  no  reason  to  suppose  that 
Cephas  means  anything  but  stone ;  certainly  there 
is  much  less  reason  for  the  proposed  signification 
of  binder. 

In  John  i.  42.,  the  clause  which  explains  the 
name  Cephas  is  absent  from  the  Syriac  version  in 
accordance  with  the  regular  and  necessary  prac- 
tice of  the  translators  to  avoid  tautology  :  "  Thou 
shalt  be  called  Stone ;  which  is  by  interpretation 
Stone  ! "  (See  the  Journal  of  Sacred  Literature 
for  January  last,  p.  457.,  for  several  examples  of 
this.)  There  is  here  surely  sufficient  reason  to 
account  for  the  omission  of  this  clause,  which,  it 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


501 


appears,  is  supported  by  universal  MS.  authority, 
as  well  as  by  that  of  the  other  versions.     B.  H.  C. 

The  paronomasia  of  Kipho  (=Rock)  was  made 
in  the  Syro-Chaldaic  tongue,  the  vernacular  lan- 
guage of  our  Lord  and  his  disciples.  The  apostle 
John,  writing  in  Greek  (i.  43.),  explains  the  mean- 
ing of  Kipho  (K7j(/>as)  by  the  usual  Greek  phrase 
o  tp.uTjj/euerat  Herpes,  which  phrase  was  necessarily 
omitted  in  the  Syriac  version,  where  this  word 
Kipho  was  significant,  in  the  original  sense,  as 
used  by  our  Lord,  and  therefore  needed  no  such 
hermeneutic  explanation.  Had  our  Lord  spoken 
in  Greek,  and  had  the  name  Krj^as  been  idem  sonans 
with  D'QD  (Hab.  ii.  11.) — which,  however,  is  not 
the  case,  —  some  slender  support  might  have  been 
thereby  afforded  to  MR.  MARGOLIOUTH'S  argu- 
ment ;  but  as  he  admits  that  our  Lord  did  not 
speak  in  the  Greek  tongue,  such  argument  falls 
to  the  ground  as  void  of  all  probability. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 


WHITTINGTONS    STONE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  397.) 

The  disappearance  of  this  celebrated  memorial 
of  a  questionable  legend,  seems  to  have  been  satis- 
factorily accounted  for.  The  newspapers  inform 
us  that  it  has  been  taken  to  a  mason's  yard  for  the 
purpose  of  reparation. 

Those  who  lament  the  removal  of  the  stone  on 
which,  as  they  imagine,  the  runaway  apprentice 
sat  listening  to  the  bells  of  Cheap,  will  perhaps  be 
surprised  to  hear  that  the  object  of  their  regret 
is  at  least  the  third  of  the  stones  which  have  suc- 
cessively stood  upon  the  spot  long  since  the  days 
of  Whittington. 

1.  In  a  learned  and  interesting  paper  commu- 
nicated to  the  pages  of  Sylvanus  Urban  (G.  M. 
Dec.  1852)  by  T.  E.  T.  (a  well-known  and  re- 
spected local  antiquary,  who  will  yet,  it  is  sin- 
cerely hoped,  enrich  our  libraries  with  a  work  on 
the  ancient  history  of  the  northern  suburbs,  a 
task  for  which  he  is  pre-eminently  qualified),  it  is 
shown  that  in  all  probability  the  site  in  question 
•was  once  occupied  by  a  wayside  cross,  belonging 
to  the  formerly  adjacent  lazar-house  and  chapel 
of  St.  Anthony.  A  certain  engraving  of  1776, 
mentioned  by  Mr.  T.,  and  which  is  now  before  me, 
represents  a  small  obelisk  or  pyramid  standing 
upon  a  square  base,  and  surmounted  by  a  cross, 
apparently  of  iron.  The  stone  (popularly  regarded 
as  the  original)  was  removed  in  1795  by  "  one 

S ,"  the  surveyor  of  the  roads.  Having  been 

broken,  or  as  another  account  states,  sawn  in  two, 
the  halves  were  placed  as  curb-stones  against  the 
posts  on  each  side  of  Queen's  Head  Lane  in  the 
Lower  Street.  (Nelson's  Hist,  of  Islington,  1811, 
p.  102. ;  Gent.  Mag.,  Sept.  and  Oct.  1824,  pp.  200. 


290. ;  Lewis's  Hist,  of  Islington,  1841,  p.  286.) 
In  Adams  s  Picturesque  Guide  to  the  Environs  of 
London,  by  E.  L.  Blanchard  (a  recent  but  date- 
less little  work,  which  I  chanced  to  open  at  a 
book- stall  a  day  or  two  ago),  the  present  Queen's 
Head  tavern  in  the  Lower  Street  is  mentioned  as 
containing  certain  relics  of  its  predecessor,  "  with 
the  real  Whittington  stone  (it  is  said)  for  a, 
threshold." 

2.  Shortly  after  the  removal  of  this  supposed 
"  original,"  a  new  memorial  was  erected,  with  the 
inscription  "  Whittington's  Stone."     This  was,  for 
some  cause,   removed  by  order   of  the  church- 
wardens in  May,  1821. 

3.  In  his    second   edition,   1823,  Nelson   says, 
"The  present  stone  was  set  up  in  1821,  by  the 
trustees  of  the  parish  ways."     This  is  the  stone 
which  has  lately  been  removed.  H.  G. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Photographic  Experience.  —  I  send  you  the  Rev.  W. 
Le  Mottee's  and  mine  : 

W.  Le  M. 

1.  6  minutes'  exposure. 

2.  Sea-side. 

r  fod. — Double  iod.  sol.  from  25  gr.  N.  A.  to  1  oz. 
Exc.  —  5*i  50  gr.  A.  N.  A.  5v\  G.  A.  Aq.  2  drs. 
J-  -\  Dev.—l°  50  gr.  A.  N.  A.  and  G.  A.  part.  a?q.  2° 
L     G.  A. 

4.  Turner. 

5.  §  inch. 

6.  3  inches. 

7.  Diam.  lens  3  in.    Foe.  length  parallel  rays  12^  in. 
Maker,  Slater.     Picture  8£  x  6'. 

T.  L.  M. 

1.  10  minutes. 

2.  Sea-side. 

{Iod. 
Exc.    As  Le  M. 
Dev. 

4.  Turner. 

5.  |  inch. 

6.  a |  inches. 

7.  Diam.  lens  3^  in.      Foe.  length  l?i  in.      Maker, 
Slater.     Picture  ll£  x  9j. 

1  have  given  the  development  according  to  tlie  plan 
usually  followed,  for  the  sake  of  comparison ;  but 
where  it  is  desirable  to  work  out  the  shadows  fully,  it 
is  far  better  to  give  longer  exposure  in  the  camera 
(three  times  that  above  given),  and  develop  with  gallo- 
nitrate  of  the  strength  used  to  excite,  finishing  with 
gallic  acid.  The  time  varies  with  the  subject ;  a  cot- 
tage among  trees  requiring  12  to  14  minutes.  Almost 
all  the  statements  I  have  seen,  giving  the  time,  do  so 
absolutely;  it  is  well  to  remind  photographers,  that 
these  convey  no  information  whatever,  unless  the  focal 
length  for  parallel  rays,  and  the  diameter  of  the  dia- 
phragm, are  also  given :  the  time,  in  practice  as  well 
as  in  theory,  varying  (catteris  paribvs}  directly  as  the 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


square  of  the  former,  and  inversely  as  the  square  of  the 
latter;  and,  without  these  corrections,  the  results  of 
one  lens  are  not  comparable  with  those  of  another. 

When  shall  we  get  a  good  structureless  paper?  The 
texture  of  Turner's,  especially  his  new  paper,  is  a  great 
defect ;  and  its  skies  are  thin,  very  inferior  to  the  dense 
velvety  blacks  obtained  with  Whatman's  of  old  date  — 
a  paper  now  extinct,  and  one  which,  unfortunately  for 
us,  it  seems  impossible  to  reproduce.  T.  L.  MANSELL. 

Guernsey. 

Conversion  of  Calotype  Negatives  into  Positives. —  At 
the  second  meeting  of  the  British  Association  at  York, 
Professor  Grove  described  a  process  by  which  a  nega- 
tive calotype  might  be  converted  into  a  positive  one, 
by  drawing  an  ordinary  calotype  image  over  iodide  of 
potassium  and  dilute  nitric  acid,  and  exposing  to  a  full 
sunshine.  Not  being  able  to  find  the  proportions  in 
any  published  work,  can  any  of  your  numerous  readers 
give  me  the  required  information  ;  and  whether  the 
photograph  should  be  exposed  in  its  damp  state,  or 
allowed  to  dry  ?  G.  GRANTHAM. 

Albumenized  Paper.  —  Mr.  Spencer,  in  the  last 
number  of  the  Photographic  Journal,  in  describing  a 
mode  of  preparing  albumenized  paper,  states  he  has 
never  found  it  necessary  to  iron  it,  as  the  silver  solution 
coagulates  the  albumen  the  moment  it  comes  in  con- 
tact with  it,  "  and  I  fancy  makes  it  print  more  evenly 
than  when  heat  has  been  employed."  But 'Mr.  Spencer 
uses  a  nitrate  of  silver  solution  of  90  or  100  grains  to 
the  ounce,  while  Da.  DIAMOND  recommends  40  grains. 
Now  as  it  is  very  desirable  to  get  rid  of  the  ironing  if 
possible,  my  Query  is,  Will  the  40-grain  solution  coagu- 
late the  albumen  so  as  to  do  away  with  that  trouble- 
some process?  P.  P. 


ta 

Table-turning  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  39.).  —  The  follow- 
ing conclusions,  from  an  expose  of  the  laws  of 
nature  relating  to  this  subject,  have  been  sub- 
mitted to  the  world,  at  the  end  of  a  series  of 
articles  in  the  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes^  by  M.  Ba- 
binet,  of  the  French  Institute  : 

"  1°.  Q,ue  tout  ce  qui  est  raisonnablement  admis- 
sible dans  les  curieuses  experiences  qui  out  ete  faites 
sur  le  mouvement  des  tables  ou  Ton  impose  les  mains, 
est  parfaitement  explicable  par  1'energie  bien  connue 
des  mouvemens  naissatis  de  nos  organes,  pris  a  leur 
origine,  sur  tout  quand  une  influence  nerveuse  vient 
s'y  joindre  et  au  moment  ou,  toutes  les  impulsions  etant 
conspirantes,  1'effet  produit  represente  1'effet  total  des 
actions  individuelles. 

"  2°.  Q,ue  dans  1'etude  consciencieuse  de  ces  pheno- 
menes  mecanico-physiologiques,  il  faudra  ^carter  toute 
intervention  de  force  mysterieuse  en  contradiction  avec 
les  lois  physiques  bien  etablies  par  1'observation  et 
1'experience. 

"  3°.  Qu'il  faudra  aviser  a  populariser,  non  pas  dans 
le  peuple,  mais  bien  dans  la  classe  eclairee  de  la  so- 
ciete,  les  principes  des  sciences.  Cette  classe  si  impor- 
tante,  dont  Pautorite  devrait  faire  loi  pour  toute  la 


nation,  s'est  deja  montree  plusieurs  fois  au-dessous 
de  cette  noble  mission.  La  remarque  n'est  pas  de  moi, 
mais  au  besoin  je  1'adopte  et  la  defends  : 

*  Si  les  raisons  manquaient,  je  suis  sur  qu'en  tout  cas, 
Les  exemples  fameux  ne  me  manqueraient  pas  !' 

Comme  le  dit  Moliere.  II  est  a  constater  que  1'initia- 
tive  des  reclamations  en  faveur  du  bon  sens  contre  les 
prestiges  des  tables  et  des  chapeaux  a  ete  prise  par  les 
membres  eclaires  du  clerge  de  France. 

"  4°.  Enfin,  les  faiseurs  des  miracles  sont  instamment 
supplies  de  vouloir  bien,  s'ils  ne  peuvent  s'empecher 
d'en  faire,  au  moins  ne  pas  les  faire  absurdes.  Imposer 
la  croyance  a  un  miracle,  c'est  deja  beaucoup  dans  ce 
siecle ;  mais  vouloir  nous  convaincre  de  la  realite  d'un 
miracle  ridicule,  c'est  vraiment  etre  trop  exigeant  !"— . 
Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  Janvier  15,  1854. 

J.M. 

Oxford. 

Female  Dress  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  271.). —  I  have 
dresses  from  1768  to  the  present  time,  two  or 
three  years  only  missing,  from  pocket-books,  which 
I  have  carefully  arranged  and  had  bound  in  a 
volume.  On  referring  to  it  I  find  that  hoops 
ceased  after  1786,  excepting  for  court  days.  The 
ladies  at  that  time  wore  large  hats,  the  same  shape 
young  people  and  children  have  at  the  present 
day.  Powder  went  out  at  the  time  of  the  scarcity, 
patches  before  lioops,  and  high-heeled  shoes  when 
short  waists  came  in  fashion. 

I  have  a  small  engraving  of  their  Majesties,  at- 
tended by  the  lord  chamberlain,  &c.,  together 
with  the  Princess  Royal,  Prince  Edward,  and  the 
Princess  Elizabeth,  in  their  boxes  at  the  opera  in 
the  year  1782.  The  queen  in  a  very  large  hoop, 
each  with  their  hair  full  powdered ;  and  the  cele- 
brated Mademoiselle  Theodore,  in  the  favourite 
comic  ballad  called  "  Les  Petits  Reins,"  the  same 
year,  with  a  large  hoop,  hair  well  powdered,  a 
little  hat  at  the  back  of  her  head  with  long  strings, 
very  short  petticoats,  and  shoes  with  buckles. 

JULIA  R.  BOCKETT. 

Southcote  Lodge. 

Office  of  Sexton  held  by  one  Family  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  171.).  —  A  search  into  parish  registers  would, 
I  think,  show  that  the  office  of  clerk  was  often  a 
hereditary  one.  In  Worcestershire,  for  example, 
the  family  of  Rose  at  Bromsgrove,  and  the  family 
of  Osborne  at  Belbroughton,  have  supplied  here- 
ditary clerks  to  those  parishes  through  many 
generations.  In  the  latter  case,  also,  the  trade  of 
a  tailor  has  also  been  hereditary  to  an  Osborne,  in 
conjunction  with  his  duties  as  clerk.  The  Mr. 
Tristram,  who  was  the  patron  of  the  living  of  Bel- 
broughton (afterwards  sold  to  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford),  states,  in  a  letter  to  the  bishop  (Lyttel- 
ton),  that  the  Osbornes  were  tailors  in  Bel- 
broughton in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  They 
are  tailors,  as  well  as  clerks,  to  this  day,  but  they 
can  trace  their  descent  to  a  period  of  more  than 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AKD  QUERIES. 


503 


three  centuries  before  Henry  VIII.  The  office  of 
parish  clerk  and  sexton  has  also  been  hereditary 
in  the  parishes  of  Hope  and  King's  Norton,  Wor- 
cestershire. CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

Lyras  Commentary  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  323.).  —  The 
human  figure  described  by  EDWARD  PEACOCK  as 
impressed  on  one  cover  of  his  curious  old  copy  of 
the  Textus  biblie,  &c.,  has  no  glory  round  the 
head,  or  over  it,  by  his  account.  This  would 
warrant  the  conclusion  that  it  was  not  intended 
for  any  saint,  or  it  might  almost  pass  for  a  St. 
Christopher.  But  I  believe  it  is  meant  as  em- 
blematic of  a  Christian  generally,  in  his  passage 
through  this  life.  I  suspect  that  what  MR.  PEA- 
COCK speaks  of  as  a  "  fence  composed  of  inter- 
laced branches  of  trees,"  is  intended  to  represent 
waves  of  water  by  undulating  lines.  The  figure 
appears  to  be  wading  through  the  waters  of  the 
tribulations  of  this  life,  by  the  help  of  his  staff, 
just  as  St.  Christopher  is  represented.  This  may 
account  for  the  loose  appearance  of  his  nether 
habiliments,  which  are  tucked  up,  so  as  to  leave 
the  knees  bare.  The  wallet  is  a  very  fit  accom- 
paniment for  the  pilgrim's  staff.  The  wicker 
basket  holds  his  more  precious  goods ;  but,  to 
show  the  insecurity  of  their  tenure,  the  pilgrim 
has  a  sword  ready  for  their  defence. 

It  is  not  so  easy  to  account  for  the  animals  on 
the  other  cover.  My  conjecture  is,  that  at  least 
the  four  lower  ones  are  meant  for  the  emblematic 
figures  of  the  four  evangelists.  The  bird  may  be 
the  eagle,  the  monkey  the  man ;  the  dog  may,  on 
closer  scrutiny,  be  found  to  look  something  like 
the  ox  or  calf;  and  the  lion  speaks  for  itself.  But 
I  can  attempt  no  explanation  of  the  upper 
figures,  which  MR.  PEACOCK  says  "  may  be 
horses."  I  should  much  like  to  see  drawings  of 
the  whole,  both  human  and  animal,  having  a  great 
predilection  for  studying  such  puzzles.  But  if 
the  above  hints  prove  of  any  service,  it  will 
gratify  F.  C.  HUSENBETH,  D.D., 

Compiler  of  the  Emblems  of  Saints. 

Blackguard  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  77. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  414.). 
—  Many  contributions  towards  the  history  of  this 
word  have  appeared  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
May  I  forward  another  instance  of  its  being  in 
early  use,  although  not  altogether  in  its  modern 
acceptation  ? 

A  copy  of  a  medical  work  in  my  possession  (a 
12mo.,  printed  in  1622,  and  in  the  original  bind- 
ing) has  fly-leaves  from  some  printed  book,  as  is 
often  the  case  in  volumes  of  that  date.  These  fly- 
leaves seem  to  be  part  of  some  descriptive  sketches 
of  different  classes  of  society,  published  towards 
the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century ;  and 
some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  identify  the 
work  from  my  description  of  these  odd  sheets. 
No.  14.  is  headed  "An  unworthy  Judge;"  16. 


"An  unworthy  Knight  and  Souldier;"  17.  "A 
worthy  Gentleman;"  18.  "An  unworthy  Gentle- 
man," &c.  At  p.  13.,  No.  27.,  occurs  "A  Bawde 
of  the  Blacke  Guard,"  with  her  description  in 
about  sixteen  lines.  She  is  said  to  be  "  well 
verst  in  the  black  art,  to  accommodate  them  of 
the  black  guard  :  a  weesel-look't  gossip  she  is  in 
all  places,  where  herr  mirth  is  a  bawdy  tale,"  and 
so  on. 

Judging  from  these  fly-leaves,  the  work  from 
which  they  have  been  taken  appears  to  have  been 
an  octavo,  or  small  quarto.  "  Finis"  stands  on  the 
reverse  of  the  leaf  whence  my  extract  is  copied. 

JAYDEE. 

Another  instance  of  the  use  of  the  word  black- 
guard, in  the  sense  given  to  it  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
(Vol.  ii.,  pp.  170.  285.),  is  to  be  found  in  Burton's 
Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  part  i.  sect.  2.,  "  A  Di- 
gression of  the  Nature  of  Spirits,  bad  Angels,  or 
Devils,  &c.,"  in  a  passage,  part  of  which  is  given 
as  a  quotation.  "  Generally  they  far  excel  men 
in  worth,  as  a  man  the  meanest  worme  ; "  though 
some  of  them  are  "inferior  to  those  of  their  own 
rank  in  worth,  as  the  black-guard  of  a  prince's 
court,  and  to  men  again,  as  some  degenerate,  base, 
rational  creatures  are  excelled  of  brute  beasts." 
The  edition  of  Burton  I  quote  from  is  1652. 

C.  DE  D. 

"  Augustus  Ceesar  on  a  time,  as  he  was  passing 
through  Rome,  and  saw  certain  strange  women  lulling 
apes  and  whelps  in  their  arms:  'What!'  said  he; 
*  have  the  women  of  these  countries  none  other  chil- 
dren?' So  may  I  say  unto  you  [Dr.  Cole],  that  make 
so  much  of  Gerson,  Driedo,  Royard,  and  Tapper : 
Have  the  learned  men  of  your  side  none  other  doctors  ? 
For,  alas  1  these  that  ye  allege  are  scarcely  worthy  to 
be  allowed  amongst  the  black  guard." — Bp.  Jewel's 
Works  (P.  S.  ed.),  vol.  i.  p.  72. 

This  is,  I  think,  an  earlier  example  than  any 
that  has  yet  been  given  in  "  N.  &  Q." 

W.  P.  STOREE. 

Olney,  Bucks. 

"Atonement"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  271.).  — The  word 
K«raA\a7»7,  used  by  ^Eschylus  and  Demosthenes, 
occurs  2  Cor.  v.  19.,  Rom.  xi.  15.  v.  11.  The  word 
atonement  bears  two  senses  :  the  first,  reconciliation, 
as  used  by  Sir  Thomas  More,  Shakspeare,  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  and  Bishops  Hall  and  Taylor ;  the 
second,  expiation,  as  employed  by  Milton,  Swift, 
and  Cowper.  In  the  latter  meaning  we  find  it 
in  Numbers,  and  other  books  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, as  the  translation  of  tAao-^a. 

Waterland  speaks  of  "  the  doctrine  of  expiation, 
atonement,  or  satisfaction,  made  by  Christ  in  His 
blood"  (Disc,  of  Fundamentals,  vol.  v.  p.  82.). 
Barrow,  Seeker,  and  Beveridge  use  the  word 
atone  or  atonement  in  this  combined  sense  of  the 
term.  R.  Gloucester,  Chaucer,  and  Dryden  ex- 
pressly speak  "  at  one,"  in  a  similar  way ;  and, 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  239. 


not  to   multiply  passages,  we   may   merely  cite 
Tyndal : 

"  There  is  but  one  mediator,  Christ,  assaith  St.  Paul, 
1  Tim.  ii.,  and  by  that  word  understand  an  atone- 
maker,  a  peace- maker,  and  bringer  into  grace  and 
favour,  having  full  power  so  to  do."  —  Expos,  of  Tracy's 
Testament,  p.  275.,  Camb.  1850. 

MACKENZIE  WALCOTT,  M.A. 

As  a  contribution  towards  the  solution  of  J.  H. 
B.'s  Query,  I  send  you  the  following  extracts  from 
Richardson's  Dictionary : 

"  And  like  as  he  made  the  Jewes  and  the  Gentiles 
at  one  between  themselves,  even  so  he  made  them  both 
at  one  with  God,  that  there  should  be  nothing  to  break 
the  atonement-,  but  that  the  thynges  in  heaven  and  the 
thynges  in  earth  shoulde  be  ioyned  together  as  it  were 
into  one  body." —  Udal,  Ephesians,  c.  ii. 

"  Paul  sayth,  1  Tim.  ij.,  '  One  God,  one  Mediatour 
(that  is  to  say,  aduocate,  intercessor,  or  an  atonemaker} 
betwene  God  and  man :  the  man  Christ  Jesus,  which 
gaue  himself  a  raunsom  for  all  men." — Tyndal,  Workes, 
p.  158. 

I  am  unacquainted  with  the  work  referred  to 
in  the  first  extract.  The  second  is  from  The  Whole 
Works  of  W.  Tindal,  John  Frith,  and  Dr.  Barnes 
[edited  by  Foxe],  Lond.  1573.  The  title  of  the 
work  which  contains  the  passage  is,  The  Obedience 
of  a  Christian  Man,  set  forth  by  William  Tindal, 
1528,  Oct.  2.  'AAievs. 

Dublin. 

Bible  of  1527  (Vol.ix.,  p.  352.).— In  reference 
to  the  monogram  inquired  after  in  this  Query,  I 
think  I  have  seen  it,  or  one  very  similar,  among 
the  "mason  marks"  on  Strasburg  Tower,  which 
would  seem  a  place  of  Freemason  pilgrimage  :  for 
the  soft  stone  is  deeply  carved  in  various  places 
within  the  tower  with  such  marks  as  this,  together 
with  initials  and  dates  of  visit.  I  have  also  marks 
very  similar  from  the  stones  of  the  tower  of  the 
pretty  little  cathedral  of  Freiburg,  Briesgau.  I 
should  incline  to  think  it  a  Masonic  mark,  and  not 
that  of  an  engraver  on  wood,  or  of  a  printer. 

A.  B.  R. 

Belmont. 

Shrove  Tuesday  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  324.).  — The  bell 
described  as  rung  on  Shrove  Tuesday  at  Newbury, 
was  no  doubt  the  old  summons  which  used  to  call 
our  ancestors  to  the  priest  to  be  shrived,  or  con- 
fessed, on  that  day.  It  is  commonly  called  the 
"  Pancake  Bell,"  because  it  was  also  the  signal 
for  the  cook  to  put  the  pancake  on  the  fire.  This 
savoury  couplet  occurs  in  Poor  Robin  for  1684: 

"  But  hark,  I  hear  the  pancake  bell, 
And  fritters  make  a  gallant  smell." 

The  custom  of  ringing  this  bell  has  been  retained 
in  many  parishes.     It  is  orthodoxly  rung  at  Ec- 


clesfield  from  eleven  to  twelve  a.m.  Plenty  of 
information  on  this  subject  may  be  found  in 
Brand's  Popular  Antiquities.  ALFRED  GATTY. 

Miltoris  Correspondence  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  640.).  — 
A  translation  of  Milton's  Latin  familiar  corre- 
spondence, made  by  John  Hall,  Esq.,  of  the  Phi- 
ladelphia bar,  now  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  was  published  about  eighteen  or 
twenty  years  ago  in  this  city.  UN  ED  A. 

Philadelphia. 

"  Verbatim  et  literatim"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  348.).  - 
Your  correspondent  L.  H.  J.  TONNA,  in  proposing 
for  the  latter  part  of  the  above  phrase  the  form 
ad  literam,  might  as  well  have  extended  his  amend- 
ment, and  suggested  ad  verbum  et  lileram ;  for  I 
should  imagine  there  is  quite  as  little  authority 
for  the  word  verbatim  being  used  in  the  Latin 
language,  as  for  that  of  literatim.  Vossius  is  an 
authority  for  the  latter ;  but  can  any  of  your 
correspondents  oblige  me  by  citing  one  for  the 
former,  notwithstanding  its  frequent  adoption  in 
English  conversation  and  writings  ?  Neither 
verbatim  nor  literatim  will  be  found  in  Riddle. 

K  L.  J. 

Epigrams  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  175.). — The  epigram, 
"  How  D.D.  swaggers,  M.D.  rolls,"  &c.,  was  writ- 
ten by  Horace  Smith,  and  may  be  found  in  the 
New  Monthly  Magazine  for  1823,  in  the  article 
called  "  Grimm's  Ghost.  Letter  XII."  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

In  days  like  these,  when  so  many  of  our  new  books 
are  but  old  ones  newly  dressed  up,  a  work  of  original 
research,  and  for  which  the  materials  have  been  accumu- 
lated by  the  writer  with  great  labour  and  diligence, 
deserves  especial  commendation.  Of  such  a  character 
is  the  Catholic  History  of  England;  its  Rulers,  Clergy,  and 
Poor,  before  the  Reformation,  as  described  by  the  Monkish 
Historians,  by  Bernard  William  MacCabe,  of  which  the 
third  volume,  extending  from  the  reign  of  Edward  Mar- 
tyr to  the  Norman  Conquest,  has  just  been  published. 
The  volumes  bear  evidence  in  every  page  that  they  are, 
as  the  author  describes  them,  "the  results  of  the  writing 
and  research  of  many  hours — the  only  hours  for  many 
years  that  I  had  to  spare  from  other  and  harder  toils." 
Himself  a  zealous  and  sincere  follower  of  the  "ancient 
faith,"  Mr.  MacCabe's  views  of  the  characters  and  events 
of  which  he  is  treating,  naturally  assume  the  colouring 
of  his  own  mind  :  many,  therefore,  will  dissent  from 
them.  None  of  his  readers  will,  however,  dissent  from 
bestowing  upon  his  work  the  praise  of  being  carefully 
compiled  and  most  originally  written.  None  will  deny 
the  charm  with  which  Mr.  MacCabe  has  invested  his 
History,  by  his  admirable  mode  of  making  the  old 
Monkish  writers  tell  their  own  story. 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


AVe  some  time  since  called  the  attention  of  our 
readers  to  a  new  periodical  which  had  been  commenced 
at  Gottingen,  under  the  title  of  Zeitschrift  fiir  Deutsche 
Mytholoqie  und  Sittenktmde,  under  the  editorship  of 
T.  W.  Wolf.  We  have  since  received  the  2nd,  3rd, 
and  4th  Parts  of  it  from  Messrs.  Williams  and  Norgate, 
and  hope  shortly  to  transfer  from  its  pages  to  our 
columns  a  few  of  the  many  curious  illustrations  of  our 
own  Folk  Lore,  with  winch  it  abounds. 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  The  Works  of  John  Locke,  vol.  i., 
Philosophical  Works,  with  a  preliminary  Essay  and  Notes, 
by  J.  A.  St.  John,  is  the  first  volume  of  a  collected  edi- 
tion of  the  writings  of  this  distinguished  English  phi- 
losopher, intended  to  form  a  portion  of  Bohn's  Standard 
Library.  —  The  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'  Arblay, 
vol.  iv.,  1788-89.  Worth  more  than  its  cost  for  its 
pictures  of  Fox,  Burke,  Wyndham,  &c.,  and  Hastings' 
Impeachment.  —  A  Poet's  Children,  by  Patrick  Scott. 
A  shilling's  worth  of  miscellaneous  poems  from  the 
pen  of  this  imaginative  but  somewhat  eccentric  bard. — 
Points  of  War,  I.  IT.  III.  IV.,  by  Franklin  Lushing- 
ton.  Mr.  Lushington  is  clearly  an  admirer  of  Tenny- 
son, and  has  caught  not  a  little  of  the  mannerism  and 
not  a  few  of  the  graces  of  his  great  model. 


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Lent. 

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Visitation.     1692. 
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Clergy  at  his  Fourth  Triennial  Visitation.     J701. 
AN  EXHORTATION  TO  THE  CLERGY  BEFORE  HIS  FIFTH  TRIENNIAL 

VISITATION.     1704.     With  a  discourse  on   Rev.  xvi.  9.,  upon 

occasion  of  the  late  terrible  Storm  of  Wind. 
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ta 


EDEN  WARWICK.  The  paragraph  respecting  the  Crystal  Palace 
has  already  appeared  in  our  columns. 

SIGMA.    How  can  we  forward  a  letter  to  this  Correspondent  ? 

ENQUIRER.  Our  Correspondent's  Query  is  not  apparent.  The 
Rolls  House  and  Chapel,  in  Chancery  'Lane,  never  "  reverted 
to  their  original  use,"  that  is,  as  a  House  of  Maintenance  for  Con- 
verted Jews. 

J.  G.  T.  For  the  origin  of  Rands  worn  by  clergymen,  lawyers, 
and  others,  see  our  Second  Volume,  pp.  23.  76.  126. 

"  VITA  CRUCEM,"  &c.  We  have  to  apologise  for  having  mislaid 
the  copy  of  the  following  distich,  requesting  a  translation  as  well  as 
the  authorship  of  it  : 

"  Vita  crucem,  et  vivas,  hominem  si  noscere  velles, 
Quis,  quid,  cur,  cujus  passus  amore  fuit." 

Which  may  be  literally  translated,  "  Slum  the  Cross,  that  you  may 
live,  if  you  would  know  Him  aright,  Who  and  what  He  was,  why 
and  for  love  of  whom  He  suffered."  These  lines  seem  to  be  <i 
caveat  against  the  adoration  of  the  material  Cross,  and  were  pro- 
bably composed  during  the  domination  of  the  fanatics  in  Crom- 
well's time,  when  that  redoubtable  Goth,  Master  William  Doirsin«, 
demolished  whatever  was  inscribed  with  the  Cross,  whether  of 
brass,  marble,  or  other  material.  -  Our  Correspondent  will  fiiid 
the  line,  "  A  falcon  towering  in  his  pride  of  place,"  in  Macbeth, 
Act  II.  Sc.  4. 

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which  he  has  had  considerable  experience. 
I.ALBERT  TERRACE,  NEW  CROSS, 
HATCHAM,  SURREY. 

T\R.    DE    JONGH'S   LIGHT 

JLJ    BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.    Prepared 
for  medicinal  use  in  the  Loffoden  Isles,  Nor- 
way, and  put  to  the  test  of  chemical  analysis.  / 
The  most  effectual  remedy  for  Consumption, 
Asthma,  Gout,  Chronic  Rheumatism,  and  all 
Scrofulous  Diseases. 
Approved  of  and  recommended  by  BERZELIUS, 

LlEBIO,    WOEHLER,    JONATHAN   PEREIRA,   Fou- 

QUIER,  and  numerous  other  eminent  medical 
men  and  scientific  chemists  in  Europe.  Specially 
rewarded  with  medals  by  the  Governments  of 
Belgium  and  the  Netherlands.  Has  almost 
entirely  superseded  all  other  kinds  011  the  Con- 
tinent, in  consequence  of  its  proved  superior 
power  and  efficacy—  effecting  a  cure  much  more 
rapidly.  Contains  iodine,  phosphate  of  chalk, 
volatile  acid,  and  the  elements  of  the  bile  —  in 
short,  all  its  most  active  and  essential  principles 
—  in  larger  quantities  than  the  pale  oils  made 
in  England  and  Newfoundland,  deprived  main- 
ly of  these  by  their  mode  of  preparation.  A 
pamphlet  by  Dr.  de  Jongh,  with  detailed  re- 
marks upon  its  superiority,  directions  for  use, 
cases  in  which  it  has  been  prescribed  with  the 
greatest  success,  and  testimonials,  forwarded 
gratis  on  application. 

The  subjoined  testimonial  of  BARON  LIE- 
BIG,  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  the  University 
of  Giessen,  is  selected  from  innumerable  others 
from  medical  and  scientific  men  of  the  highest 
distinction  : 

"  SIR,  —  I  have  the  honour  of  addressing  you 
my  warmest  thanks  for  your  attention  in  for- 
warding me  your  work  on  the  chemical  com- 
position and  properties,  as  well  as  on  the  me- 
dicinal effects,  of  various  kinds  of  Cod  Liver 

"  You  have  rendered  an  essential  service  to 
science  by  your  researches,  and  your  efforts  to 
provide  sufferers  with  this  Medicine  in  its 
purest  and  most  genuine  state,  must  ensure 
you  the  gratitude  of  every  one  who  stands  in 
need  of  its  use. 

"  I  have  the  honour  of  remaining,  with  ex- 
pressions of  the  highest  regard  and  esteem, 
"  Yours  sincerely. 

"  DR.  JUSTUS  LIEBIG." 
"  Giessen,  Oct.  30.  1847. 
"  To  Dr.  de  Jongh  at  the  Hague." 

Sold  Wholesale  and  Retail,  in  bottles,  la- 
belled with  Dr.  de  Jongh  's  Stamp  and  Signa- 
ture. by  ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77. 
Strand,  Sole  Consignees  and  Agents  for  the 
United  Kingdom  and  British  Possessions  ;  and 
by  all  respectable  Chemists  and  Venders  of 
Medicine  in  Town  and  Country,  at  the  follow- 
ing prices  :  —  Imperial  Measure,  Half-pints, 
2s.  6d.  ;  Pints,  4s.  9d. 


On  1st  June  will  be  published,  Part  I.,  price  6s. 

MISCELLANEA  GRAPHIC  A: 
a  Collection  of  Ancient  Medieval  and 
ussaiKM'  Remains,  in  the 


The  Work  will  be  published  in  Nine  Quar- 
terly Parts,  of  royal  4to.  size,  each  Piirt  con- 
taining Four  Plates,  One  of  which  will  be  in 
Chromo-lithography,  represeTiting  Jewellery, 
Antique  Plate,  Arms,  and  Armour,  and  Mis- 
cellaneous Antiquities. 

London  :  CHAPMAN  &  HALL, 
193.  Piccadilly. 


Just  published,  in  4  vols.  8vo.,  price  2Z.  in 
Sheets. 

ORIGINES  KALENDAROE 
ITALICS ;  Nundinal  Calendars  of 
Ancient  Italy  ;  Nundinal  Calendar  of  Romu- 
lus ;  Calendar  of  Numa  Pompilius  ;  Calendar 
of  the  Decemvirs  ;  Irregular  Roman  Calendar, 
and  Julian  Correction.  TABLES  OF  THE 
ROMAN  CALENDAR,  from  u.c.  4  of  Varro 
B.C.  750  to  u.c.  1108  A.D.  355.  By  EDWARD 
GRESWELL,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  Oxford. 

Oxford  :  at  the  UNIVERSITY  PRESS. 
Sold  by  JOHN  HENRY  PARKER.  Oxford, 
and  377.  Strand,  London  ;  and  GARDNER, 
7.  Paternoster  Row. 


Just  published ,  8vo.,  price  2s.  6d. 

PRELIMINARY     ADDRESS 

JL       of    the   ORIGINES    KALENDARLZE 

ITALICS,  latelv  published  at  the  OXFORD 

UNIVERSITY  PRESS.    With  some  further 

observations.      By  EDWARD  GRESWELL, 

B.D.,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford. 

JOHN  HENRY  PARKER,  Oxford  ;  and 

377.  Strand,  London. 

Cambridge  :  J.  DEIGHTON. 


Just  published,  8vo.,  price  10s.  in  Sheets. 

rpHEODORETI    Episcopi    Cyri 

JL  Ecclesiastic®  Historiae  Libri  Quinque 
cum  Interpretatione  Latina  et  Annotationibus 
Henrici  Valesit.  Recensuit  THOMAS  GAIS- 
FORD,  S.  T.  P.,  .(Edis  Christi  Decanus  necnon 
Linguse  Grsecae  Professor  Regius. 

Oxonii  :  E  TYPOGRAPHEO  ACADEMICO. 
Sold  by  JOHN  HENRY  PARKER,  Oxford, 

and  377.  Strand,  London  ;  and  GARDNER, 

7.  Paternoster  Row. 


Just  published,  8vo.,  price  5s.  6c7.  in  Sheets, 

OYNODUS          ANGLICANA. 

O  By  Edmund  Gibson,  D.D.,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  London.  Edited  by  EDWARD 
CARD  WELL,  D.D.,  Principal  of  St.  Alban'a 

Oxford  :  at  the  UNIVERSITY  PRESS. 
Sold  by  JOHN  HENRY  PARKER,  Oxford, 
and  337.  Strand,  London  ;  and  GARDNER, 
7.  Paternoster  Row. 


A  L  L  E  N'  S      ILLUSTRATED 

XJL  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,  WRITING-DESKS, 
DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


MAY  27.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


507 


/10LLODION    PORTRAITS 

Vy  AND  VIEWS  obtained.with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 

°Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  d< 
tail  unattamed  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 

Qwlxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 
Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument   Makers,   and  Operative 
Chemists,  163.  Fleet  Street,  London. 
***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

THE  SIGHT   preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES    adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE  S 
OPTOMETER,   which    effectually   prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 
BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


TMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
ID DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 
SITIVE PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTE  WILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A .  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the  best 
forms  of  Cameras  andother  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
practising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 
Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art 
An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  ant 
Other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


mportant  Sale  by  Auction  of  the  whole  of  the 
remaining  Copies  of  that  splendid  National 
Work,  known  as  "FINDEN'S  ROYAL 
GALLERY  OF  BRITISH  ART,"  the 
engraved  Plates  of  which  will  be  destroyed 
during  the  Progress  of  the  Sale,  and  in  the 
presence  of  the  Purchasers. 

QOUTHGATE    &    BARRETT 

J    have   received    instructions    from   MR. 

IOGARTH,  of  the  Haymarket,  to  Sell  by 
Public  Auction  at  their  Fine  Art  and  Book 
Auction  Rooms,  22.  Fleet  Street,  London,  on 
Wednesday  Evening,  June  7th,  and  following 

Svenings, 

THE  WHOLE  OF   THE    REMAINING 
COPIES 

Of  the  very  Celebrated  Work,  known  as 

FINDEN'S  ROYAL  GALLERY  OF 
BRITISH  ART, 

Consisting  of  a  limited  number  of  Artists',  and 
>ther  choice  proofs,  and  the  print  impressions, 
*rhich  are  all  in  an  exceedingly  fine  state. 
The  work  consists  of  48  plates,  the  whole  of 
which  are  engraved  in  line  by  the  most  emi- 
nent men  in  that  branch  of  art,  and  the  pic- 
,ures  selected  will  at  once  show  that  the  great 
artists—  Turner,  Eastlake,  Landseer,  Stan- 
field,  Webster,  Roberts,  Wilkie,  Maclise.  Mul- 
ready,  and  more  than  thirty  other  British 
Masters,  are  represented  by  the  works  which 
established  and  upheld  them  in  public  favour, 
and  by  themes  which  appeal  to  universal 
sympathy  and  happiest  affections,  or  which 
delineate  the  peculiar  glories  of  our  country, 
and  commemorate  its  worthiest  and  most 
honourable  achievements. 

The  attention  of  the  public  is  also  narticu- 
,arlv  directed  to  the  fact  that  ALL  THE 
ENGRAVED  PLATES  from  which  the  im- 
pressions now  offered  have  been  taken,  WILL 
BE  DESTROYED  IN  THE  PRESENCE 
OF  THE  PURCHASERS,  at  the  time  of  Sale. 
By  thus  securing  the  market  from  being  sup- 
plied with  inferior  impressions  at  a  future 
•ime,  and  at  a  cheaper  rate,  the  value  of  the 
existing  stock  will  be  increased,  and  it  will 
become  the  interest  of  all  who  wish  to  possess 
copies  of  these  eminent  works  of  art.  at  a  re- 
duced price,  to  purchase  them  at  this  Sale, 
which  will  be  THE  ONLY  OPPORTUNITY 
of  obtaining  them. 

Under  these  circumstances,  therefore, 
SOUTHGATE  &  BARRETT  presume  to 
demand  for  this  Sale  the  attention  of  all  lovers 
of  art— the  amateur,  the  artist,  and  the 
public  :  —  believing  that  no  opportunity  has 
ever  offered  so  happily  calculated  to  promote 
taete  and  to  extend  knowledge,  while  minis- 
tering to  the  purest  and  best  enjoyments 
which  the  artist  conveys  to  the  hearts  and 
homes  of  all  who  covet  intellectual  pleasures. 

Framed  Copies  of  the  work  can  be  seen  at 
MR.  HOGARTH'S,  5.  Haymarket ;  MESSRS. 
LLOYD,  BROTHERS,  &  CO.,  22.  Ludgate 
Hill  ;  and  at  the  AUCTIONEERS,^.  Fleet 
Street,  by  whom  all  Communications  and 
Commissions  will  be  promptly  and  faithfully 
attended  to. 

***  Catalogues  of  the  entire  Sale  will  be 
forwarded  on  Receipt  of  12  Postage  Stamps. 


Sale  by  Auction  of  the  Stocks  of  extremely 
Valuable  Modern  Engravings,  the  engraved 
Plates  of  which  will  be  destroyed  in  the  pre 
sence  of  the  Purchasers  at  the  Time  of  Sale. 

OOUTHGATE   &    BARRETT 

k^  beg  to  announce  that  they  will  include  in 
their  Sale  by  Auction  of  "  FINDEN'S  ROYAL 
GALLERY,"  and  other  Valuable  Works  o 
Art  of  a  similar  character,  to  take  place  a 
their  Fine  Art  and  Book  Auction  Rooms,  22 
Fleet  Street,  London,  on  Wednesday  Evening 
June  7th,  and  Seventeen  following  Evening 
(Saturdays  and  Sundays  excepted),  the  whol 
of  the  STOCKS  OF  PROOFS  AND  PRINT? 
of  the  following  HIGHLY  IMPORTANT 
ENGRAVINGS,  published  by  MR.  HO 
GARTH  and  MESSRS.  LLOYD  &  CO. 

"  Ehrenbreitstein,"  painted  by  J.  M.  W 
Turner.  R.  A.,  engraved  by  John  Pye.  "Ecc 
Homo,"  from  the  picture  by  Corrcggio,  en 
graved  by  G.  T.  Doo.  "  The  Dame  School,' 
painted  by  T.  Webster,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  L 
Stocks.  "  Eton  Montem,"  two  views  illustrativ 
of,  from  pictures  by  Evans  of  Eton,  engrave< 
by  Charles  Lewis.  "  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 


ry,"  engraved  by  Samuel  Cousins,  A.R.A., 
rom  a  picture  by  George  Richmond.  "  Por- 
raits  of  eminent  Persons,"  by  George  Rich- 
mond and  C.  Baugniet.  "Portrait  of  W.  C. 
klacready,  Esq.,  as  Werner,"  painted  by  D. 
Maclise,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  Sharpe.  Flowers 
f  German  Art,  a  series  of  20  plates  by  the  most 
minent  engravers.  Cranstone's  Fugitive 
etchings,  17  plates.  Turner  and  Girtin's 
River  Scenery,  30  plates.  "Cottage  Piety," 
ainted  by  Thomas  Faed,  engraved  by  Henry 
emon  (unpublished).  "  See  Saw,"  painted  by 
T.  Webster,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  Holl  (unpub- 
ished).  "  Village  Pastor."  painted  by  W.  P. 
rith,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  Holl.  ''  The  Imma- 
.ulate  Conception,"  painted  by  Guido,  en- 
graved in  line  by  W.  H.  Watt.  "  Harvey  de- 
nonstrating  to  Charles  the  First  his  Theory 
jf  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,"  painted  by 
Hannah,  engraved  by  Lemon.  "  The  Origin, 
of  Music,"  painted  by  Selous,  engraved  by 
Wass.  "The  First  Step,"  painted  by  Faed, 
engraved  by  Sharpe.  "  The  Prize  Cartoons," 
published  by  Messrs.  Longmans  &  Co.  And 
lumerous  other  highly  interesting  and  valu- 
able works  of  Art. 

ALL  THE  ENGRAVED  PLATES  of  the 
bove-mentioned  engravings  WILL  BE  DE- 
STROYED in  the  presence  of  the  purchasers 
at  the  time  of  sale,  which  will  thereby  secure 
;o  the  purchasers  the  same  advantages  as  are 
mentioned  in  the  advertisement  given  above, 
of  the  sale  of  the  remaining  copies  of  "  Fin- 
den's  Royal  Gallery." 

Framed  Impressions  of  each  of  the  plates  can 

!  seen  at  MR.  HOGARTH'S,  5.  Haymarket ; 

MESSRS.  LLOYD,  BROTHERS,  &  CO., 

22.  Ludgate  Hill ;  and  at  the  AUCTIONEERS, 

22.  Fleet  Street,  by  whom  all  communications 

ind  commissions  will  be  promptly  and  faith- 

ully  attended  to. 

***  Catalogues  of  the  entire  sale  will  be 
forwarded  on  receipt  of  12  Postage  Stamps. 


The  very  extensive,  highly  important,  and  ex  - 
tremely  choice  Stock  of  MODERN  EN- 
GLISH AND  FOREIGN  ENGRAVINGS, 
WATER-COLOUR  DRAWINGS,  and  ex- 
pensive Books  of  Prints,  of  MR.  HOGARTH 
of  the  Haymarket. 

SOUTHGATE  &  BARRETT 
will  Sell  by  Auction  at  their  Fine  Art 
and  Book  Auction  Rooms,  22.  Fleet  Street,  on 
Wednesday  Evening,  June  7th,  and  Seventeen 
following  Evenings  (Saturdays  and  Sundays 
excepted),  in  the  same  sale  as  the  "  FINDEN'S 
ROYAL  GALLERY  OF  BRITISH  ART," 
this  extremely  valuable  and  highly  interesting 
Stock.  Amongst  the  ENGRAVINGS  will  be 
found  in  the  BEST  STATES  OF  ARTISTS' 
and  other  CHOICE  PROOFS,  nearly  all  the 
popular  plates  that  have  been  published  during 
the  last  quarter  of  a  century  ;  also  an  Im- 
portant Collection  of  Foreign  Line  Engravings 
in  the  best  states  ;  a  large  variety  of  Portraits 
and  other  subjects  after  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 
some  very  rare  ;  an  extensive  series  of  prints 
by  Hogarth,  in  early  proofs,  and  with  curious 
variations ;  a  most  complete  series  of  artists' 
proofs  of  the  works  of  George  Cruikshank,  in- 
cluding nearly  all  his  early  productions,  many 
unique  ;  a  number  of  scarce  Old  Prints,  and  a 
series  in  fine  states  by  Sir  Robert  Strange. 
The  Stock  is  peculiarly  rich  in  the  works  of 
J.  M.  W.  Turner,  R.A.,  and  comprises  artists' 
proofs  and  the  choicest  states  of  all  his  im- 
portant productions,  and  matchless  copies  of 
the  England  and  Wales  and  Southern  Coast. 
The  Collection  of  HIGH-CLASS  WATER- 
COLOUR  DRAWINGS  consists  of  examples 
of  the  most  eminent  artists  (particularly  some 
magnificent  specimens  by  J.  M.  W.  Turner), 
as  well  as  a  great  variety  of  the  early  English 
School,  and  some  by  the  Ancient  Masters; 
also  a  most  interesting  Collection  by  Members 
of  the  Sketching  Society.  Of  the  Modern 
School  are  examples  by— 

Absolon  Lewis,  J. 

Austin  Liverseege 

Barrett  Maclise 

Cattermole  Muller 

Collins  Nesfield 

Fielding,  C.  Prout 

Holland  Tayler,  F. 

Hunt  Uwins 

Landseer,  E.  Webster 

Leslie  Wilkie 

Catalogues  of  the  entire  Sale  will  be  for- 
warded on  receipt  of  12  postage  stamps,  and  all 
communications   and    commissions  promptly 
and  faithfully  attended  to. 
22.  Fleet  Street,  London. 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  239. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors 

H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  8.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 


F.  Fuller,  Esq. 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 
J.  Hunt,  Esq. 
J.  A.  Lethhridge.Esq. 
E.  Lucas,  Esq. 


J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 
.  B.  White,  Esq. 
J.  Carter  Wood,  E 


sq. 


H.  Goodhart.Esq. 

Trustees. 
W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 
Hankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 
POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  pot  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
1001.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits:  — 

Age  £  s.  d.     Age  £  «.  d. 

17  -  -  -  1  14  4  32-  -  -  2  10  8 
22  -  -  -  1  18  8  37-  -  -  2  18  6 
27-  -  -245  42-  -  -382 

ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 
Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  Gd.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION]  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


BANK  OF  DEPOSIT. 

No.  3.  Pall  Mall  East,  and  7.   St.  Martin's 
Place,  Trafalgar  Square,  London. 

Established  A.D.  1844. 

TNVESTMENT      ACCOUNTS 

JL    may  be  opened  daily,  with  capital  of  any 
amount. 

Interest  payable  in  January  and  July. 
PETER  MORRISON, 

Managing  Director. 

Prospectuses  and  Forms  sent  free  on  appli- 
cation. 


B 


ENNETT'S       MODEL 

s  f  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  nuineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  2Z..3Z.,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
safes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  of 
sizes  and  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool  :  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

each.  —  D' ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.I>.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully  examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE  &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  II.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
itt,  J.  Bri//.i,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz.  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasse, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffter.  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,  H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel.  Sims  Reeves,  .T.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


Patronised  "by  the  Royal 
Family, 

Two  THOUSAND" POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following  : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 

'  NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETIIAM'S  CAPILLARY  FLUID  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  Gd. ;  double  size,  4s.  Gd. ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  nnd  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  Irspaee  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of -twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  Gd.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street: 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHS, by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish   and    Continental     Artists,    is    OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 

A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -     1    1    0 

Additional  Copies  (each)         -          -050 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)      -  -  -  -    3    3    0 

A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 
(larger  size)     -          -          -          -    5    5    0 
Miniatures.  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.    Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


OSS  &   SONS'    INSTANTA- 

._    NEOUS   HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell, 
e  best  and  cheapest  extant.  —  ROSS  &  SONS 
ive  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  without  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  them  of  its  effect. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3s.  Gd..  5s.6eZ.,  10s.,  15*.,  and 
20s.  each  case.  Likewise  wholesale  to  the 
Trade  by  the  pint,  quart ,  or  gallon. 

Address,  ROSS  &  SONS,  119.  and  120.  Bi- 
shopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhill, 
London. 


HEAL  &  SON'S  SPRING 
MATTRESSES.  —  The  most  durable 
Bedding  is  a  well-made  SPRING  MAT- 
TRESS ;  it  retains  its  elasticity,  and  will  wear 
longer  without  repair  than  any  other  mattress, 
and  with  owe  French  Wool  and  Hair  Mattress 
on  it  is  a  most  luxurious  Bed.  HEAL  &  SON 
make  them  in  three  varieties.  For  prices  of 
the  different  sizes  and  qualities,  apply  for 
HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUSTRATED  CATA- 
LOGUE OF  BEDSTEADS,  and  priced  LIST 
OF  BEDDING.  It  contains  designs  and 
prices  of  upward*  of  l(Xi  Bedsteads,  and  prices 
of  every  description  of  Bedding,  and  is  sent 
free  by  Post. 

HEAL  &  SON,  198.  Tottenham  Court  Road. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

J\.  ALE.  —  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  ;  and  published  by  GEOHOB  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  ia  the  West,  in  tlio 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.- Saturday,  May  27.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OE  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


found,  make  a  cote  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  240.] 


SATURDAY,  JUNE  3.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 
I  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

KOTICS:-  Page 

St  AtvusMne  on  Clairvoyance,  by  J.  E. 

]'j.  M:iy»r  -  -  -  -  -    511 

Edward  Gibbon,  Father  and  Son  -    51 1 

Bonn's  "Ordericns  Vitalis"         -  -    512 

A  Curious  Exposition       -  -  -    512 

MINOR.  NOTES:  —  Inscription—  Anti- 
quarian Documents— Bishop  Watson's 
Map  of  Europe  in  1854— Extracts  from 
the  Registers  of  the  Bishops  of  Lincoln 
—  Marston  and  Erasmus  —  Puzzle  for 
the  Heralds  -  -  -  -  513 


Sepulchral  Monuments     -  514 

Queries  on  South's  Sermons,  by  the  Rev. 
W.  II.  Gunner  -  -  -  -  515 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Norwich,  Kirkpa- 
trick  Collection  of  MSS.  for  the  History 
of— Corbet —  Initials  in  Glass  Quar- 
ries -r  Church  Service  :  Preliminary 
Texts— The  Spinning-machine  of  the 
Ancients  —  View  of  Dumfries  —  "To 
pass  the  pikes"  —  May-day  Custom  _ 
Maydenburi  _  Richard  Fitz-Alan, 
ninth  Earl  of  Arundel  —  French 
Refugees  —  "  Dilamgabendi "  —  Mr. 
Plumley— Designation  of  Works  under 
Review —  North-west  Passage— Foun- 
tains—  Pope  and  John  Dennis  -  a!5 

MINOR      QUERIES     WITH      ANSWERS  : 

The  Irish  at  the  Battle  of  Crecy  — 
King  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  -  Theodore 
de  la  Guard —Back— Broom  at  Mast- 
head -  -  -  _  -  517 

HEPLIHS  :  — 
Tho  Advice  su 


'ho  Advice  supposed  to  have  been  gh 
to  Julius  III.,  by  B.  B.  Woodward,^ 


iven 

LordRosehill    ""  -  -  -     '     -  519 

Major  Anrtrd  -  ...  520 

The  Terminations  "  -by"  and  "  -ness," 

by  Wm.  Matthews,  &c.              -           -  522 
Newspaper  Folk  Lore,  by  Edward  Pea- 
cock                                   -  523 
Ventilation,  by  T.  J.  Buckton     -          -  524 

PHOTOORAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  

History  of  Photographic  Discovery  — 
Photographic  Cautions— A  Query  re- 

"  ipecting  Collodion  —  The  Ceroleine 
Process  —  Mr.  Fox  Talbot's  Patents  -  521 

REPLIES    TO    MINOR    QUERIES  :  —  The 
Olympic  Plain  — Encyclopedia  of  In- 
dexes, or  Table  of  Contents  —  "  One 
New  Year's  Day"— Unregistered  Pro- 
verbs —  Orange   Blossoms  —  Peculiar 
Use  of  the  Word  "  Pure  "  —  Worm  in 
Books  _  Chapel    Sunday  —  Bishop 
IiiLrlis  of  Nova  Scotia  —  Gutta  Percha 
made  soluble  —  Impe— Bothy— Work 
P.   Ants  _  Jacobite    Garters  — "The 
-eons"  — Corporation  Enact- 
rvjnts  —  The   Passion    of  ortr   Lord 
sed  _  Hardman's  Account  of 
-  Aristotle— Papyrus-Bell 
Rouen  _  Word-minting  —  Cole- 
.-,  Christabel,  &c.    -          -          -    526 

MISCELLANEOUS: — 

1  Volumes  Wanted          -    530 
A  otices  to  Correspondents  -          -    530 


VOL.  IX — No.  240. 


Multae  terricolis  lingua?,  ccclestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
Tl  AND   SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.  It  contains  Lists  of 
Quarto  Family  Bibles  ;  Ancient 
English  Translations  ;  Manuscript- 
notes  Bibles  ;  Polyglot  Bibles  in  every  variety 
of  Size  and  Combination  of  Language  ;  Pa- 
rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer  ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
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London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
15.  faternoster  Row. 

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This  Day,  fcp.  8ro.,  5s. 

QYNONYMS    OF    THE    NEW 

O  TESTAMENT  :  being  the  Substance  of 
a  Course  of  Lectures  addressed  to  the  Theolo- 
gical Students.  King's  College,  London.  By 
RICHARD  CHENEVIX  TRENCH,  B.D.. 
Professor  of  Divinity,  King's  College,  and 
Examining  Chaplain  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Oxford. 

Cambridge  :  MACMILLAN  &  CO. 

London :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 

West  Strand. 


This  Day,  fcp.  8vo.,  3s.  Gd. 

OKETCHES   OF  SCRIPTURE 

O  FEMALE  CHARACTERS.  Dedicated 
to  her  Children  by  the  VISCOUNTESS 
HOOD. 

London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER  &  SON, 
West  Strand. 


ANNOTATED   EDITION   OF   THE  EN- 
GLISH POETS.    By  ROBERT  BELL. 

In  Monthly  Volumes,  2s.  Gd.  each,  in  cloth. 
This  Day,  the  Second  Volume  of 

COWPER'S       POETICAL 
WORKS. 

Already  published. 

DRYDEN.  Complete  in  Three 
Volumes. 

SURREY,  MINOR  CON- 
TEMPORANEOUS POETS,  and  SACK- 
VILLE,  LORD  BUCKHURST.  In  One 

Volume. 

On  the  First  of  July,  the  Third  and  concluding 
Volume  of 


COWPER. 

London  :  JOHN  W.  PARKER 
West  Strand. 


SON, 


A  MERICAN  BOOKS.  — LOW, 

J\.  SON,  &  CO..  as  the  Importers  and  Pub- 
lishers of  American  Books  in  this  Country, 
have  recently  issued  a  detailed  Catalogue  of 
their  Stock  in  Theology,  History,  Travels, 
Biography,  Practical  Science,  Fiction,  &c.,  a 
Copy  of  which  will  be  forwarded  upon  appli- 
cation. 

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lishers, all  Works  of  known  or  anticipated 
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ance in  America.  Wo»ks  not  in  stock  ob- 
tained within  six  weeks  of  order.  Lists  of 
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sire !. 

Literary  Institutions,  the  Clergy,  Merchants 
rmd  Shippers,  and  the  Trade,  supplied  on  ad- 
vantageous terms. 

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the  United  States  at  a  moderate  charge. 


Just  published. 

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marked  at  extremely  low  Prices.  May  be  had 
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UPHAM  &  BEET  (late  RODWELL), 
46.  New  Bond  Street,  corner  of  Maddox  Street. 

BOOKS.  —  Just  Ready,  No.  47. 
of  REEVES  &  TURNER'S  Catalogue 
of  Books  in  every  Class  of  Literature,  sent 
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CATALOGUE  of  CLASSICAL, 

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application  to 
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THE  SERMON  in  the  MOUNT. 
Printed  by  C.  Whittingham,  uniformly 
with  THE  THUMB  BIBLE  from  the  Edition 
of  1693  — which  may  still  be  had,  price  Is.  Gd. 

London  :  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN, 
&  LONGMANS. 


Fourth  Edition,  price  Is.  cloth  (Is.  4cZ.  by  Post). 

A    WORD  TO  THE  WISE,  or 

J_jL  Hints  on  the  Current  Improprieties  of 
Expression  in  Writing  and  Speaking.  By 
PARRY  GWYNNE. 

"  All  who  wish  to  mind  their  P's  and  Q's 
should  consult  this  little  volume."—  Gentle- 
man's Magazine. 

GRANT  &  GRIFFITH,  Corner  of  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard. 


THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 
RILLES,    composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 
London  :   Published  for  the  Proprietor,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  •>*.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 
PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


Important  Sale  by  Auction  of  the  whole  of  the 
remaining  Copies  of  that  splendid  National 
Work,  known  as  "FINDEN'S  ROYAL 
GALLERY  OF  BRITISH  ART,"  the 
engraved  Plates  of  which  will  be  destroyed 
during  the  Progress  of  the  Sale,  and  in  the 
presence  of  the  Purchasers. 

§OUTHGATE    &    BARRETT 
have   received    instructions    from    MR. 
GARTH,  of  the  Haymarket,  to  Sell  by 
)lic  Auction  at  their  Fine  Ait  and  Book 
Auction  Rooms,  22.  Fleet  Street,  London,  on 
"Wednesday  Evening,  June  7th,  and  following 
Evenings, 

THE  WHOLE  OF    THE   REMAINING 
COPIES 

Of  the  very  Celebrated  Work,  known  as 

FINDEN'S   ROYAL  GALLERY  OF 
BRITISH  ART, 

Consisting  of  a  limited  number  of  Artists'  and 
other  choice  proofs,  and  the  print  impressions, 
which  are  all  in  an  exceedingly  fine  state. 
The  work  consists  of  48  plates,  the  whole  9f 
•which  are  engraved  in  line  by  the  most  emi- 
nent men  in  that  branch  of  art,  and  the  pic- 
tures selected  will  at  once  show  that  the  great 
artists —  Turner,  Eastlake,  Landseer,  Stan- 
fleld,  Webster,  Roberts,  Wilkie,  Maclise.  Mul- 
ready,  and  more  than  thirty  other  British 
Masters,  are  represented  by  the  works  which 
established  and  upheld  them  in  public  favour, 
and  by  themes  which  appeal  to  universal 
sympathy  and  happiest  affections,  or  which 
delineate  the  peculiar  glories  of  our  country, 
and  commemorate  its  worthiest  and  most 
honourable  achievements. 

The  attention  of  the  public  is  also  narticu- 
larly  directed  to  the  fact  that  ALL  THE 
ENGRAVED  PLATES  from  which  the  im- 
pressions now  offered  have  been  taken.  WILL 
BE  DESTROYED  IN  THE  PRESENCE 
OF  THE  PURCHASERS,  at  the  time  of  Sale. 
By  thus  securing  the  market  from  being  sup- 
plied with  inferior  impressions  at  a  future 
time,  and  at  a  cheaper  rate,  the  value  of  the 
existing  stock  will  be  increased,  and  it  will 
become  the  interest  of  all  who  wish  to  possess 
copies  of  these  eminent  works  of  art,  at  a  re- 
duced price,  to  purchase  them  at  Ihis  Sale, 
which  will  be  THE  ONLY  OPPORTUNITY 
of  obtaining  them. 

Under  these  circumstances,  therefore, 
SOUTFIGATE  &  BARRETT  presume  to 
demand  for  this  Sale  the  attention  of  all  lovers 
of  art— the  amateur,  the  artist,  and  the 
public  ;  —  believing  that  no  opportunity  has 
ever  offered  so  happily  calculated  t<>  promote 
taste  and  to  extend  knowledge,  while  minis- 
tering to  the  purest  and  best  enjoyments 
which  the  artist  conveys  to  the  hearts  and 
homes  of  all  who  covet  intellectual  pleasures. 

Framed  Copies  of  the  work  can  be  seen  at 
MR.  HOGARTH'S,  5.  Haymarket  ;  MESSRS. 
LLOYD.  BROTHERS,  &  CO..  22.  Ludgate 
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TGS,    published    by 
GARTH  and  MESSRS.  LLOYD  &  CO. 


ENGRAVINGS,    published    by    MR.    HO- 


"  Ehrenbreitstein,"  painted  by  J.  M.  W. 
Turner,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  John  Pye.  "Ecce 
Homo,"  from  the  picture  by  Covreggio,  en- 
graved by  G.  T.  Doo.  "The  Dame  School," 
painted  by  T.  Web>ter,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  L. 
Stocks.  "  Eton  Montem,"  two  views  illustrative 
of,  from  pictures  by  Evans  of  Eton,  engraved 
by  Charles  Lewis.  "  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 


Fry,"  engraved  by  Samuel  Cousins,  A.R.A. 


from  a  picture  by  George  Richmond.    "  Por- 
of  eminent  Persons,"  by  George  Rich- 
mond and  C.  Baugniet.    "Portrait  of  W.  C. 


traits  of 


.     . 

Macready,  Esq.,  as  Werner,"  painted  by  D. 
Maclise,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  Sharpe.  Flowers 
of  German  Art,  a  series  of  20  plates  by  the  most 
eminent  engravers.  Cranstone's  Fugitive 
Etchings,  17  plates.  Turner  and  Girtin's 
River  Scenery,  30  plates.  "Cottage  Piety," 
painted  by  Thomas  Faed.  engraved  by  Henry 
Lemon  (unpublished).  "  See  Saw,"  painted  by 
T.  Webster.  R.  A.,  engraved  by  Holl  (unpub- 
lished). "  Village  Pastor."  painted  by  W.  P. 
Frith,  R.  A.,  engraved  by  Holl.  "  The  Imma- 
culate Conception."  painted  by  Guido,  en- 
graved in  line  by  W.  H.  Watt.  "  Harvey  de- 
monstrating to  Charles  the  First  his  Theory 
of  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,"  painted  by 
Hannah,  engraved  by  Lemon.  "  The  Origin 
of  Music,"  painted  by  Selous,  engraved  by 
Wass.  "  The  First  Step."  painted  by  Faed, 
engraved  by  Sharpe.  "  The  Prize  Cartoons," 
published  by  Messrs.  Longmans  &  Co.  And 
numerous  other  highly  interesting  and  valu- 
able works  of  Art. 

ALL  THE  ENGRAVED  PLATES  of  the 
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kj  will  Sell  by  Auction  at  their  Fine  Art 
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following  Evenings  (Saturdays  and  Sundays 
excepted),  in  the  same  sale  asthe  "  FTNDEN'S 
ROYAL  GALLERY  OF  BRITISH  ART," 
this  extremely  valuable  and  highly  interesting 
Stock.  Amongst  the  ENGRAVINGS  v  ill  be 
found  in  the  BEST  STATES  OF  ARTISTS' 
and  other  CHOICE  PROOFS,  nearly  all  the 
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the  last  quarter  of  a  century  ;  also  an  Im- 
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some  very  rare  ;  an  extensive  series  of  prints 
by  Hogarth,  in  early  proofs,  and  with  curious 
variations  ;  a  most  complete  series  of  artists' 
proofs  of  the  works  of  George  Cruikshank,  in- 
cluding nearly  all  his  early  productions,  many 
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series  in  fine  states  by  Sir  Kobert  Strange. 
The  Stock  is  peculiarly  rich  in  the  works  of 
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proofs  and  the  choicest  states  of  all  his  im- 
portant productions,  and  matchless  copies  of 
the  England  and  Wales  and  Southern  Coast. 
The  Collection  ofi»HIGH-Cr -ASS  WATER- 
COLOUR  DRAWINGS  consists  of  examples 
of  the  most  eminent  artists  (particularly  some 
magnificent  specimens  by  J.  M.  W.  Turner), 
as  well  as  a  great  variety  of  the  early  English 
School,  and  some  by  the  Ancient  Masters; 
also  a  most  interesting  Collection  by  Members 
of  the  Sketching  Society.  Of  the  Modern 
School  are  examples  by_ 


Absolon 
Austin 
Barrett 
Cattermole 
Collins 
Fielding,  C. 
Holland 
Hunt 

Landseer,  E. 
Leslie 
Catalogues 


Lewis,  J. 
Liverscege 
Maclise 
Muller 
Nesfield 
Prout 
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Uwins 
Webster 
Wilkie 
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ARUNDEL  SOCIETY.  — The 
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at  PADUA,  is  now  ready  ;  and  Members  who 
have  not  paid  their  Subscriptions  are  requested 
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Office  Order,  payable  at  the  Charing  Cross 
Office. 

JOHN  J.  ROGERS, 

Treasurer  and  Hon.  Sec. 
13.  &  14.  Pall  Mall  East. 
March,  1854. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 

I  TOGRAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish and  Continental  Artists,  is  OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.  Free  Admission. 

£  s.  d~ 
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Miniatures,  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
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notice. 

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PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
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TAR.    DE    JONGH'S   LIGHT 

JLJ  BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  Prepared 
for  medicinal  use  in  the  Loffoden  Isles,  Nor- 
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The  most  effectual  remedy  for  Consumption, 
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Approved  of  and  recommended  by  BERZEI.IUS, 
LIBBIO,  WOEHLER,  JONATHAN  PEREIRA,  Fou- 
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power  and  efficacy— effecting  a  cure  much  more 
rapidly.  Contains  iodine,  phosphate  of  chalk, 
volatile  acid,  and  the  elements  of  the  bile — in 
short,  all  its  most  active  and  essential  principles 
—in  larger  quantities  than  the  pale  oils  made 
in  England  and  Newfoundland,  deprived  main- 
ly of  these  by  their  mode  of  preparation.  ' 
pamphlet  by  Dr.  de  Jongh,  with  detailed 
marks  upon  its  superiority,  directions  for  us 
cases  in  which  it  has  been  prescribed  with  t)~ 
greatest  success,  and  testimonials,  forv 
gratis  on  application. 

The  subjoined  testimonial  of  BARON  LII 
BIG,  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  the  Univei  sit 
of  Giessen,  is  selected  from  innumerable  oth 
from  medical  and  scientific  men  of  the  hi° 
distinction  : 

"  SIR,  —  I  have  the  honour  of  addressing; 
my  warmest  thanks  for  your  attention  in 
warding  me  your  work  on  the  chemical  c 
position  and  properties,  as  well  as  on  the 
dicinal  effects,  of  various  kinds  of  Cod  Li\ 
Oil. 

"  You  have  rendered  an  essential  service 
science  by  your  researches,  and  your  efforts  tc 
provide  sufterers  with  this  Medicine  in  it 
purest  and  most  genuine  state,  must  ensur 
you  the  gratitude  of  every  one  who  stands  : 
need  of  its  use. 

"I  have  the  honour  of  remaining,  with  es 
pressions  of  the  highest  regard  and  esteer 
"  Yours  sincerely. 

"  DR.  JUSTUS  LIEBIG.' 
"  Giessen,  Oct.  30.  1847. 
"  To  Dr.  de  Jongh  at  the  Hague." 

Sold  Wholesale  and  Retail,  in  bottles,  la- 
belled with  Dr.  de  Jongh's  Stamp  and  Signa- 
ture, by  ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  Co.,  77. 
Strand,  Sole  Consignees  and  Agents  for  the 
United  Kingdom  and  British  Possessions  ;  and 
by  all  respectable  Chemists  and  Venders  of 
Medicine  in  Town  and  Country,  at  the  follow- 
ing prices  :  —  Imperial  Measure,  Half-pints, 
2s.  Qd.  ;  Pints,  4s.  9d. 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


511 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  3,  1854. 

gate*. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE    ON    CLAIRVOYANCE. 

Dr.  Maitland,  in  his  valuable  Illustrations  of 
Mesmerism,  has  not,  I  think,  noticed  an  important 
passage  in  St.  Augustine's  treatise,  De  Genesi  ad 
litteram,  1.  xn.  c.  17.  §§  34.  seq.,  in  which,  after 
saying  that  demons  can  read  men's  thoughts,  and 
know  what  is  passing  at  a  distance,  he  proceeds  to 
give  a  detailed  account  of  two  cases  of  clair- 
voyance. The  whole  is  written  with  his  usual 
graphic  ppwer,  and  will  well  reward  the  perusal. 
I  must  content  myself  with  a  brief  outline  of  the 
facts. 

1.  A  patient,  suffering  from  a  fever,  was  sup- 
posed   to    be    possessed    by   an   unclean    spirit. 
Twelve  miles  off  lived  a  presbyter,  with  whom,  in 
mesmerist  phraseology,  he  was  en  rapport.     He 
would  receive  no  food  from  any  other  hands  ;  with 
him,  except  when  a  fit  was  upon  him,  he  was  calm 
and   submissive.     When   the   presbyter   left    his 
home  the  patient  would  indicate  his  position  at 
each  stage  of  his  journey,  and  mark  his  nearer  and 
nearer  approach.     "  He  is  entering  the  farm  — 
the  house  —  he  is  at  the  door;"  and  his  visitor 
stood  before  him.     Once  he  foretold  the  death  of 
a  neighbour,  not  as  though  he  were  predicting  a 
future  event,  but  as  if  recollecting  a  past.     For 
when  she  was  mentioned  in  his  hearing,  he  ex- 
claimed,  "  She  is  dead,  I  saw  her  funeral ;  that 
way  they  carried  out  her  corpse."     In  a  few  days 
she  fell  sick  and  died,  and  was  carried  out  along 
that  very  road  which  he  had  named. 

2.  A  boy  was  labouring  under  a  painful  disorder, 
which  the  physicians  had  vainly  endeavoured  to 
relieve.     In  the  exhaustion  which  followed  on  his 
convulsive  struggles,  he  would  pass  into  a  trance, 
keeping  his  eyes  open,  but  insensible  to  what  was 
going  on  around  him,  and  passively  submitting  to 
pinches  from  the  bystanders  (ad  nullam  se  vellica- 
tionem  movens).     After  awhile  he  awoke  and  told 
what  he  had  seen.     Generally  an  old  man  and  a 
youth  appeared  to  him  ;  at  the  beginning  of  Lent 
they  promised  him  ease  during  the  forty  days,  and 
gave  him  directions  by  which  he  might  be  relieved 
and  finally  cured.     He  followed  their  counsel,  with 
the  promised  success. 

Augustine's  remarks  (c.  xviii.  §  39.)  on  these 
and  similar  phenomena  are  well  worth  reading. 
He  begs  the  learned  not  to  mock  him  as  speaking 
confidently,  and  the  unlearned  not  to  take  what 
lie  says  on  trust,  but  hopes  that  both  will  regard 
him  simply  as  an  inquirer.  He  compares  these 
visions  to  those  in  dreams.  Some  come  true,  and 
some  false  ;  some  are  clear,  others  obscure.  But 
men  love  to  search  into  what  is  singular,  neglect- 
ing what  is  usual,  though  even  more  inexplicable; 
just  as  when  a  man  hears  a  word  whose  sound  is 


new  to  him,  he  is  curious  to  know  its  meaning  ; 
while  he  never  thinks  of  asking  the  meaning  of 
words  familiar  to  his  ear,  however  little  he  may 
really  understand  them.  If  any  one  then  wishes 
for  a  satisfactory  account  of  these  strange  phe- 
nomena, let  him  first  explain  the  phenomena  of 
dreams,  or  let  him  show  how  the  images  of  ma- 
terial objects  reach  the  mind  through  the  eyes. 

J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 


EDWARD    GIBBON,    FATHER    AND    SON. 

Gibbon  mentions  in  his  Memoirs  (edit.  1796, 
p.  18.),  that  in  1741  his  father  and  Mr.  Delme 
successfully  contested  Southampton  against  Mr. 
Henly,  subsequently  Lord  Chancellor,  but  that, 
after  the  dissolution  in  1747,  he  was  unable  or 
unwilling  to  maintain  another  contest,  and  "  the 
life  of  the  senator  expired  in  that  dissolution." 
Not  so  the  hopes  of  the  senator,  as  will  appear 
from  the  following  extract  from  a  letter,  dated 
"Beriton,  January  27,  1754  :" 

"  I  received  the  favour  of  your  letter  according 

to  the  time  you  promised.     As  Lord  M has 

promised  his  own  votes,  I  find  there  is  nothing  to 
be  done :  strange  behaviour,  sure !  But  there 
seems  to  be  such  infatuation  upon  this  poor 
country,  that  even  a  good  Catholic  shall  join 
with  a  Dissenter  to  rivet  on  her  chains.  There 
are  several  of  the  Independents  would  have  me 
stand  it  out,  but  I  would  not  on  any  account,  for 
I  find  it  would  make  great  dissensions,  and  even 

several  of  Lord  M 's  fagots  and  tenants  would 

vote  against  him  ;  and  another  thing,  it  would 
lessen  him  in  the  opinion  of  &  great  many  people 
to  have  him  making  interest  for  the  two  present 
worthy  candidates  against  me.  I  shall  therefore, 
upon  his  account,  give  over  all  thoughts  of  stand- 
ing ;  and  I  hope  it  may  give  me  some  little  more 
credit  and  merit  with  him  against  another  election, 
especially  if  you  would  be  so  good  as  to  improve  it 
for  me" 

The  following  is  of  far  greater  interest — full  of 
character.  How  well  it  illustrates  the  paragraph 
in  the  Memoirs  (pp.  82-3.)  : 

"  My  stay  at  Beriton  was  always  voluntary 

I  never  handled  a  gun,  I  seldom  mounted  a  horse; 
and  my  philosophic  walks  were  soon  terminated  by  a 
shady  bench,  where  I  was  long  detained  by  the  seden- 
tary amusement  of  reading  or  meditation." 

It  appears  however,  by  this  letter,  that  on  one  oc- 
casion he  trespassed  on  some  neighbour's  game 
preserves,  and  received  a  hint  on  the  subject  : 

Beriton,  Nov.  16,  1758. 
SIR, 

As  I  am  extremely  well  convinced  of,  your 
politeness,  and  your  readiness  to  errant  vour 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


neighbours  any  reasonable  liberty  with  regard 
to  country  sports,  so  I  should  be  very  sorry  if 
either  myself  or  my  servants  had  taken  any  im- 
proper ones. 

I  am  no  sportsman,  Sir,  and  was  as  much 
tempted  this  morning  by  the  beauty  of  the  day 
and  the  pleasure  of  the  ride  as  by  the  hopes  of 
any  sport.  I  went  out,  and,  neither  acquainted 
with  the  bounds  of  the  manors  nor  your  request 
to  the  neighbouring  gentlemen,  could  only  follow 
my  groom  where  he  led  me.  I  quitted  your 
manor  the  instant  I  received  your  message,  with- 
out having  killed  anything  in  it.  I  assure  you 
that  you  shall  never  have  again  the  same  subject 
of  complaint.  With  regard  to  the  liberty  you  are 
so  good  as  to  grant  me  for  other  sports,  I  return 
you  my  most  humble  thanks,  but  shall  not  make 
much  use  of  it,  as  there  are  still  in  my  father's 
manor  more  game  than  would  satisfy  so  moderate 
a  sportsman  as  myself. 

My  father  would  be  extremely  angry  if  his 
servants  had  destroyed  any  of  your  game ;  but 
they  all  assure  him  they  have  killed  no  one  hare 
upon  your  liberties.  As  to  pheasants,  they  have 
only  killed  one  this  season,  and  that  in  Inwood 
copse. 

I  am, 

Sir, 
Your  obedient  humble  servant, 

E.  GIBBON,  Junior. 

E.  G.  F.  S. 


BOHN  S    "  ORDERICTJS    VITALIS. 

In  looking  through  the  pages  of  Ordericus  Vi- 
talis, vol.  ii.  (Bonn's  edition),  I  have  noticed  some 
trifling  inaccuracies,  to  one  or  more  of  which  you 
will  perhaps  suffer  me  to  call  the  editor's  attention 
through  the  medium  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  in  case  he  be 
not  already  aware  of  them. 

At  p.  70.  King  William  is  described  as  offering 
the  bishopric  of  Mans  to  "  Samson,  Bishop  of 
Bayeux,  his  chaplain."  So  in  the  index  to  Histor. 
Anglic,  circa  tempus  Conquestus,  $v.,  a  Francisco 
MasereS)  I  find  this  passage  of  Vitalis  referred?- to 
under  the  title  of  "  Sanson  Baiocensis  epi&copus" 

But  yet  Odo  was  Bishop  of  Bayeux  at  this 
time ;  and  notwithstanding  what  Marbode  after- 
wards said  of  Bayeux,  when  he  invited  his  old 
pupil  to  meet,  him  there,  viz.  "  Secies  praesulibus 
sufficit  ilia  tribus,"  yet  Samson,  even  then,  was 
not  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  but  of  Worcester. 

The  original  words  of  Vitalis  are,  "  Sansoni 
Baiocensi"  Samson  being  (temp.  Will.  I.)  Canon 
and  Treasurer  of  Bayeux,  as  well  as  Baron  of 
Dover,  and  Canon  of  St.  Martin's  there.  Dean  of 
Wolverhampton,  and  chaplain  to  William.  He 
was  a  married  man,  and  apparently  at  the  time  in 
question  only  in  deacon's  orders.  One  of  his  sons, 


at  a  later  period,  became  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  as  did 
also  a  grandson,  whose  mother  (according  to 
Beziers)  was  "  Isabelle  de  Dovre,  maitresse  de 
Robert  Conte  de  Glocester,  batard  de  Henri  I., 
Hoi  d'Angleterre."  Upon  which  I  would  found 
a  Query,  viz.,  Was  this  grandson  of  Samson, 
whose  name  was  Richard,  an  uterine  or  a  half 
brother  of  Roger,  Bishop  of  Worcester  ?  Both 
are  described  as  sons  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Glou- 
cester. 

At  p.  261.  Alberede  is  described  in  the  text  of 
the  translation  to  be  a  daughter  of  "  Hugh, 
Bishop  of  Evreux,"  whereas  in  the  original  she  is 
said  to  be  "  Hugonis  Bajocensis  episcopi  filia." 

In  a  note  to  this  passage  we  are  informed  that 
Hugh,  Bishop  of  Lisieux,  died  at  the  Council  of 
Rheims  (Oct.  1049),  and  that  he  was  eldest  son  of 
Ralph,  Count  d'lvri,  &c.  On  the  contrary,  we 
are  told  at  p.  428,  note  2,  that  it  Avas  Odo's  pre- 
decessor (i.  e.  Hugh  d'lvri)  in  the  see  of  Bayeux, 
who  died  at  the  Council  of  Rheims,  Oct.  1049. 
Again,  in  a  note  at  p.  118,  we  learn  that  Hugh 
d'Eu,  who  succeeded  Herbert  as  Bishop  of  Lisieux 
in  1050,  or  the  year  following  the  Council  in 
question,  did  not  vacate  that  see  until  1077. 

Before  I  close  this  Note,  I  should  be  glad  to 
inquire  what  grounds  the  editor  has  for  asserting 
(p.  32,  n.  1.) ''that  Thomas,  Archbishop  of  York, 
"  was  not  a  chaplain  to  the  king  "  before  his  pro- 
motion. Thierry,  Histoire  de  la  Co?iquete,  &fc. 
(Par.  1825,  tome  ii.  p.  18.),  says:  "Thomas,  I'lin 
des  chapelains  du  roi,  fut  nomine  archeveque 
d'York."  And  by  Godwin  (De  Prcesul.  Angl, 
torn.  ii.  p.  244.)  we  are  told  that  Odo  — 

"  Eum  (Thomam)  Thesaurarium  Baiocensem  con- 
stituit,  et  postea  Regi  fratri  commendavit,  ut  illi  csset  a 
sacras." 

ANON. 


A    CURIOUS    EXPOSITION. 

The  following  curious  illustration,  which  I  met 
with  the  other  day  in  a  book  where  few  would  be 
likely  to  look  for  it,  seems  to  me  fairly  to  deserve 
a  place  among  the  Notes  of  your  interesting  pub- 
lication. It  forms  the  moral  exposition,  by  Corne- 
lius a  Lapide,  of  Ex.  vii.  22.':  "And  the  magicians 
of  Egypt  did  so  with  their  enchantments,"  &c. 

"  See  here,"  he  says,  "  how  the  devil  contends  with , 
God,  the  magicians  with  the  prophets,  and  heretics 
with  the  orthodox,  by  imitating  their  words  and  deeds. 
In  our  days,  as  the  English  Marty rolosry  testifies,, 
Richard  White  (Vitus)  disputed  with  a  wicked  En- 
glish Calvinist,  who  was  more  mighty  in  drinking  than 
in  argument,  concerning  the  keys  of  the  Church,  and 
when  the  heretic  pertinaciously  asserted  that  they  were 
given  to  himself,  White  wittily  and  ingeniously  re- 
plied :  '  I  believe  that  they  have  been  given  to  you  as 
they  were  to  Peter,  but  with  this  distinction,  that  his 
were  the  keys  of  heaven,  but  yours  of  the  beer-cellar ; 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


for  this  the  rubicund  promontory  of  your  nose  indicates.' 
Thus  do  heretics  turn  water  into  blood.  This  is  their 
miracle." 

Richard  White  I  presume  to  have  been  an 
ejected  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  after- 
wards rector  of  the  University  of  Douai,  and  a 
Count  Palatine  of  the  empire,  author  of  sundry 
antiquarian  and  theological  works;  but  it  is  surely 
strange  that  this  piece  of  ribaldry,  of  which  he 
had  been  guilty,  should  be  thought  worthy  of 
being  recorded ;  and  still  more  so,  that  it  should 
be  thus  applied  by  a  grave  and  learned  Jesuit 
commentator.  C.  W.  B. 


Inscription.  —  The  following  quaint  inscription 
is  to  be  found  on  a  gravestone  in  the  churchyard 
of  Llangollen,  North  Wales  : 

"  Our  life  is  but  a  winter's  day  : 
Some  only  breakfast  and  away  ; 
Others  to  dinner  stay,  and  are  full  fed  ; 
The  oldest  man  but  sups,  and  goes  to  bed. 
Large  is  the  debt  who  lingers  out  the  day  ; 
Who  goes  the  soonest  has  the  least  to  pay." 

J.  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

Antiquarian  Documents.  —  At  a  time  when 
public  records  and  state  papers  are  being  thrown 
open  by  the  Government  in  so  liberal  a  spirit, 
might  not  some  plan  be  devised  for  admitting  the 
public  to  the  Church's  antiquarian  documents  also, 
treasured  in  the  various  chapter-houses,  diocesan 
registries,  and  cathedral  libraries  ? 

Might  not  catalogues  of  these  be  printed,  as 
well  as  the  more  historically  valuable  and  curious 
of  the  papers  themselves?  And  is  there  any 
sufficient  reason  why  the  earlier  portions  of  the 
parochial  registers  throughout  the  country  might 
not  be  published,  say  down  to  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century,  prior  to  which  they  appear 
to  have  no  other  value  except  for  literary  pur- 
poses ?  J.  SANSOM. 

Bishop  Watson's  Map  of  Europe  in  1854. — 
The  following  paragraph  is  an  extract  from  a 
letter  written  by  Bishop  Watson  to  Dr.  Falconer 
of  Bath,  in  the  year  1804  : 

"  The  death  of  a  single  prince  in  any  part  of  Europe, 
remarkable  either  for  wisdom  or  folly,  renders  political, 
conjectures  of  future  contingencies  so  extremely  uncer- 
tain, that  I  seldom  indulge  myself  in  forming  them  ; 
yet  it  seems  to  me  probable,  that  Europe  will  soon  be 
divided  among  three  powers,  France,  Austria,  and 
Russia  ;  and  in  half  a  century  between  two,  France 
and  Russia  ;  and  that  America  will  become  the  greatest 
naval  power  on  the  globe,  and  be  replenished  by  mi- 
grations of  oppressed  and  discontented  people  from 
every  part  of  Europe."  —  See  Anecdotes  of  the  Life  of 


Richard  Watson,  Bishop  ofLlandaff,  2vols.  8vo.,  London, 
1818,  vol.  ii.  p.  196. 

C.  FORBES. 
Temple. 

Extracts  from  the  Registers  of  the  Bishops  of 
Lincoln.  —  In  searching  through  the  registers  of 
the  bishops  of  Lincoln,  the  following  curious  en- 
tries met  my  eye : 

"  Smoke- far  things.  —  Commissio  domini  episcopi  ad 
j  levandum  le  Smoke  farthinges,  alias  diet.  Lincoln  far- 
thingesanostris  Archidiaconatus  nostri  Leycestria?  sub- 
ditis  ad  utilitatem  nostras  matricis  ecclesiaa  Cath.  Line, 
sponsze  nostra?  convertend.,  dicti  Smoke  farthinges  con- 
ceduntur  ad  constructionem  campanili  ecclesias  pre- 
bendalis  Sanctas  Margarttaj  Leycestr.  1444." 

The  above  entry  occurs  at  fo.  48.  of  the  register 
of  William  Alnewick,  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 


"  A°  1450.  Testamentum  domini  Thomaz  Cumberworth, 
militis. —  In  the  name  of  Gode  and  to  his  loveyng, 
Amen.  I,  Thomas  Cumbyrworth,  knyght,  the  xv  day 
of  Feberer,  the  yere  of  oure  Lord  MJCCCC  and  L.  in 
clere  mynde  and  hele  of  body,  blyssed  be  Gode,  ordan 
my  last  wyll  on  this  wyse  folowyng.  Furst,  I  gytf  my 
sawle  to  God,  my  Lorde  and  my  Redemptur,  and  my 
wrechid  body  to  be  beryd  in  a  chiffe  w'owte  any  kyste 
in  the  northyle  of  the  parych  kirke  of  Someretby 
be  my  wyfe,  and  I  wyll  my  body  ly  still,  my  mowth 
opyn,  untild  xxiiij  owrys,  and  after  laid  on  bere  w*owtyn 
any  thyng  yropon  to  coverit  bot  a  sheit  and  a  blak 
cloth,  w*  a  white  crose  of  cloth  of  golde,  bot  I  wyl  my 
kyste  be  made  and  stande  by,  and  at  my  bereall  giff  it 
to  hym  that  fillis  my  grave  ;  also  I  gif  my  blissid  Lord 
God  for  my  mortuary  there  I  am  bered  my  best  hors." 

This,  entry  occurs  at  fo.  43.  of  the  register  of 
Marniaduke  Lumley,  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  Z. 

Marston  and  Erasmus. — I  am  not  aware  the 
following  similarity  of  idea,  between  a  passage  in 
Marston's  Antonio  and  Mellida  and  one  in  Eras- 
mus' Colloquies,  has  ever  been  pointed  out : 

"      ....     As  having  clasp'd  a  rose 
Within  my  palm,  the  rose  being  ta'en  away, 
My  hand  retains  a  little  breath  of  sweet. 
So  may  man's  trunk,  his  spirit  slipp'd  away, 
Hold  still  a  faint  perfume  of  his  sweet  guest." 
Antonio  and  Mellida,  Act  IV.   Sc.  1.      From 
the  reprint  in  the  Ancient  British  Drama. 

"  Anima  quae  moderatur  utrunque  corpus  animantis, 
improprie  dicitur  anima  cum  revera  sint  tenues  quas- 
dam  animee  reliquiae,  non  aliter  quarn  odor  rosarum 
manet  in  manu,  etiam  rosa  submota." — Erasmi  Cofloq., 
Leyden  edit.  1703,  vol.  i.  p.  694. 

II.  F.  S. 

Cambridge. 

Puzzle  for  the  Heralds.  —  Some  years  ago  Sir 
John  Newport,  Bart,,  and  who  was  married,  and  Sir 
Simon  Newport,  who  had  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood,  and  was  also  married,  lived  in  or 


514 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


near  the  city  of  Waterford  ;  and  I  have  heard  that 
owing  to  the  frequent  mistakes  arising  from  the 
two  ladies  being  called  each  "  Lady  Newport,"  a 
case  was  sent  to  Dublin  for  the  opinion  of  the 
Ulster  King  of  arms.  It  is  said  he  himself  was 
puzzled  ;  Sir  Simon's  lady  was  not  "  Lady  New- 
port," for  Sir  John's  lady  had  a  prior  and  higher 
claim ;  she  was  not  "  Lady  Simon,"  for  her  hus- 
band was  not  Lord  Simon ;  but  he  ultimately  de- 
cided that  the  lady  was  to  be  called  "  Lady  Sir 
Simon,"  and  she  was  never  afterwards  known  by 
any  other  title.  Y.  S.  M. 


SEPULCHRAL    MONUMENTS. 

As  recumbent  effigies  are  in  vogue,  there  are 
some  points  connected  herewith  worthy  of  dis- 
cussion at  the  present  time  in  your  pages.  The 
ultra-admirers  of  the  medieval  monuments  will  not 
allow  the  slightest  deviation  from  what  they  re- 
gard as  the  prescriptive  model  —  a  figure  with  the 
head  straight,  and  the  hands  raised  in  prayer. 
One  of  their  arguments  is,  that  the  ancient  effigy 
is  alive,  while  the  modern  modifications  are  in  a 
state  of  death,  and  consequently  repulsive  to  the 
feelings  of  the  spectator.  In  my  opinion,  how- 
ever, the  vitality  of  the  old  ones  is  very  question- 
able. Let  us  reflect  upon  their  probable  origin. 
In  former  times  the  bodies  of  ecclesiastics  and 
other  personages  were  laid  in  state,  exposed  to 
public  view,  and  even  carried  into  the  churches  in 
that  condition :  a  custom  still  prevalent  abroad. 
It  is  reasonable  to  conjecture  that  the  monuments 
intended  to  perpetuate  this  scene  in  stone,  imi- 
tating the  form  of  the  deceased,  with  the  canopy 
and  bier,  and  adorned  with  armorial  bearings  and 
other  appropriate  devices.  Images  of  wax  were 
frequently  substituted  for  the  corpse,  some  of 
which  (among  them  Queen  Elizabeth's)  are  still 
preserved  in  Westminster  Abbey ;  but  the  prac- 
tice was  kept  up  even  down  to  the  time  of  the 
great  Duke  of  Maryborough.  It  is  recorded  in 
history,  that  during  the  progress  of  the  body  of 
our  Henry  V.  from  France,  a  figure  of  the  king, 
composed  of  boiled  leather,  was  placed  upon  the" 
coffin.  York  Cathedral  contains  a  beautiful  ex- 
ample of  a  complete  monument  of  this  description 
in  the  Early  English  style,  which  degenerated  by 
degrees  into  the  four-post  bed,  with  its  affection- 
ate couple,  of  the  Elizabethan  period.  It  is  ob- 
viously a  fair  deduction,  from  these  circum- 
stances, that  the  sepulchral  effigies  are  "hearsed 
in  death." 

From  Mr.  Ruskin's  Stones  of  Venice,  it  appears 
that  the  figures  on  the  Venetian  tombs  oif  the 
Middle  Ages  are  manifestly  dead;  and  such,  it 
may  be  inferred,  is  the  impression  conveyed  to  his 


highly  cultivated  mind  by  the  contemplation  of 
those  in  our  own  country. 

"  In  the  most  elaborate  examples,"  says  this  ob- 
servant writer,  "  the  canopy  is  surmounted  by  a  statue, 
generally  small,  representing  the  dead  person  in  the 
full  strength  and  pride  of  life,  while  the  recumbent 
figure  shows  him  as  he  lay  in  death.  And  at  this 
point  the  perfect  type  of  the  Gothic  tomb  is  reached." 

Describing  one  at  Verona,  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  he  observes : 

"  The  principal  aim  of  the  monument  is  to  direct  the 
thoughts  to  his  image  as  he  lies  in  death,  and  to  the 
expression  of  his  hope  of  resurrection." 

And  towards  the  conclusion  of  his  review  of  their 
development  he  writes  : 

"  This  statue  in  the  meantime  has  been  gradually 
coming  back  to  life  through  a  curious  series  of  transi- 
tions. The  Vendramin  monument  is  one  of  the  last 
which  shows,  or  pretends  to  show,  the  recumbent 
figure  laid  in  death.  A  few  years  later  this  idea  be- 
came disagreeable  to  polite  minds ;  and  lo  !  the  figures 
which  before  had  been  laid  at  rest  upon  the  tomb 
pillow,  raised  themselves  on  their  elbows,  and  began 
to  look  around  them.  The  soul  of  the  sixteenth 
century  dared  not  contemplate  its  body  in  death." 

Flaxman,  in  his  remarks  on  the  monuments  of 
Aylmer  de  Valence  and  Edmund  Crouchback  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  admires 

"  The  solemn  repose  of  the  principal  figure,  represent- 
ing the  deceased  in  his  last  prayer  for  mercy  to  the 
throne  of  grace,  the  delicacy  of  thought  in  the  group 
of  angels  bearing  the  soul,  and  the  tender  sentiment  of 
concern  variously  expressed  in  the  relations  ranged  in 
order  round  the  basement." 

As,  however,  a  canopy  on  the  former  exhibits  a 
living  figure  of  the  departed  on  horseback,  such 
as  Mr.  Ruskin  notices  in  Italy,  and  as  the  angels 
are  said  to  bear  the  soul,  the  knight  must  cer- 
tainly have  breathed  his  last.  The  raised  hands 
are  no  refutation  of  the  argument,  since  there  are 
grounds  for  the  assertion  that  those  of  the  dead 
bodies  laid  in  state  were  sometimes  tied  together 
to  retain  them  in  the  suitable  position.  A  few 
exceptional  instances,  no  doubt,  occur  of  vari- 
ations in  the  attitude  irreconcileable  with  death, 
and  equally  inconsistent  with  a  reclining  posture. 
It  must  also  be  admitted  that  in  brasses  and  in- 
cised slabs  (which  may  be  regarded  in  many  re- 
spects as  parallel  memorials),  the  eyes  are  almost 
invariably  unclosed ;  yet  the  fact,  neither  in  this 
case  nor  in  that  of  the  carved  marble,  does  not  by 
any  means  certify  that  the  individuals  are  alive. 

Since  then  there  is"  so  much  reason  for  the  sup- 
position that  the  generality  of  our  ancestors  are 
sculptured  in  the  sleep  of  death,  the  recumbent 
figure  of  a  Christian  clasping  the  Bible,  and 
slightly  turning  his  head,  just  passed  away  into 
another  state  of  existence  (not  into  purgatory, 


JUXB  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


but  into  a  happier  world),  cannot  surely  be  now 
deemed  unsuitable  to  a  Gothic  church.  C.  T. 


QUERIES    ON    SOTJTIl's    SERMONS. 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  authority  for  the 
following  statement  in  South's  sermon,  Against 
.long  Extempore  Prayers,  vol.  i.  p.  251.,  Tegg's 
.edition,  1843  : 

"  These  two  things  are  certain,  and  I  do  particularly 
recommend  them  to  your  observation  :  One,  that  this 
way  of  praying  by  the  Spirit,  as  they  call  it,  was  begun, 
and  first  brought  into  use  here  in  England,  in  Queen 
Elizabeth's  days,  by  a  Popish  priest  and  Dominican 
friar,  one  Faithful  Commin  by  name.  Who,  counter- 
feiting himself  a  Protestant,  and  a  zealot  of  the  highest 
form,  set  up  this  new  spiritual  way  of  praying,  with  a 
design  to  bring  the  people  first  to  a  contempt,  and  from 
thence  to  an  utter  hatred  and  disuse  of  our  Common 
Prayer ;  which  he  still  reviled  as  only  a  translation  of 
the  mass,  thereby  to  distract  men's  minds,  and  to  divide 
our  Church.  And  this  he  did  with  such  success,  that 
we  have  lived  to  see  the  effects  of  his  labours  in  the 
utter  subversion  of  Church  and  State  •  which  hellish 
negociation,  when  this  malicious  hypocrite  came  to 
Koine  to  give  the  Pope  an  account  of,  he  received  of 
him,  as  so  notable  a  service  well  deserved,  besides  a 
thousand  thanks,  two  thousand  ducats  for  his  pains." 

Also,  who  was  W.  W.,  the  author  of  "  a  viru- 
lent and  insulting  pamphlet,  entitled,  A  Letter  to 
a  Member  of  Parliament,  printed  in  the  year  1697, 
and  as  like  the  author  himself,  W.  W.,  as  malice 
can  make  it,"  referred  to  in  a  note  by  South  at 
the  end  of  his  sermon  on  The  Recompence  of  the 
jReivard,  vol.  ii.  p.  152.  Is  this  pamphlet  still  in 
existence  ?  W.  H.  GUNNER. 

Winchester. 


(Ehterferf. 

Norwich,  Kirkpatrick  Collection  ofMSS.  for  the 
History  of. — Mr.  Simon  Wilkin,  in  the  preface  to 
the  Repertorium,  contained  in  his  fourth  volume 
of  his  valuable  edition  of  the  works  of  Sir  Thomas 
Browne,  p.  4.,  having  spoken  of  the  large  collections 
for  the  History  of  Norwich  made  by  Mr.  John 
Kirkpatrick,  who  died  in  1728,  and  gave  the  said 
collections  by  will  to  the  mayor,  sheriffs,  citizens, 
and  commonalty  of  the  city  of  Norwich,  in  order 
that  "  some  citizen  hereafter,  being  a  skilful  anti- 
quary, may,  from  the  same,  have  an  opportunity 
of  completing  and  publishing  the  said  history," 
&c.,  goes  on  to  say,  "  the  MSS.  referred  to  were 
some  years  ago  in  the  possession  of  the  corporation, 
but  we  fear  the  original  intention  of  the  donor  has 
been  lost  sight  of,  and  that  these  valuable  MSS. 
are  for  ever  lost  to  the  lover  of  local  antiquities." 
This  was  printed  in  1835.  But  the  subject  ought 
not  to  be  permitted  to  drop  and  rest  there.  Up  to 


that  date,  can  it  be  ascertained  that  the  papers  re- 
mained in  the  keeping  of  the  Corporation  ?  Are 
they  still  in  their  hands,  though  inaccessible  ?  Can 
any  information  be  obtained  as  to  the  when  and  the 
how  they  passed  out  of  their  possession  ?  Or,  above 
all,  can  any  clue  be  found  to  their  subsequent 
history  and  present  resting-place  ?  It  may  be 
suggested  to  any  patriotic  citizen  and  antiquary 
of  the  fair  city  of  Norwich,  that,  inasmuch  as  the 
Corporation,  by  the  terms  of  the  will,  are  only 
trustees  for  the  property,  the  Court  of  Chancery 
mi  "lit  be  moved  to  assist  in  the  recovery  thereof. 

T.  A.  T. 
Florence,  March,  1854. 

Corbet.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers  furnish  in- 
formation relative  to  the  Scottish  family  of  Corbet, 
one  member  of  whom  emigrated  to  America, 
about  the  year  1705,  from  the  neighbourhood  of 
Dumfries  ?  CORBIE. 

Philadelphia. 

Initials  in  Glass  Quarries.  —  In  St.  Clement's 
Church,  Norwich,  are  some  diamond-shaped  panes 
of  glass,  or  queries,  containing  initial  letters,  &c. 

1.  The  letters  I.  V.  beneath  a  mitre.     (Glass 
probably  about  A.D.  1600.)     Do  these  belong  to 
any  Bishop  of  Norwich  ? 

2.  A.  A.     3.  A.  I.     Glass  and  style  probably 
give  1500—1550  for  the  date. 

At  St.  Neots'  parish  church,  Huntingdonshire, 
the  initials  W.  and  M.  interlaced,  G.,  and  C., 
occur  on  several  quarries. 

At  Puttenham,  Hertfordshire,  is  a  broken  quarry 
bearing  a  shield,  charged  with  a  ship  in  full  sail ; 
on  a  chief,  the  arms  of  King's  Coll.  Cambridge. 
The  living  belongs  to  that  college,  I  believe. 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  assist  in  assign- 
ing these  initials  and  arms  to  their  respective 
owners  ?  The  date  of  the  glass  in  the  two  last- 
named  cases  is  probably  the  end  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  G.  R.  YORK. 

Church  Service :  Preliminary  Texts.  —  Among 
the  texts  with  which  the  Church  of  England 
Service  commences,  is  one  with  two  references  ; 
the  former  of  these  is  the  correct  index  to  the 
words,  the  latter  points  to  a  kindred  text.  At 
Jer.  x.  24.  we  find  the  passage ;  then  why  is 
Ps.  vi.  1.  added,  no  parallel  text  being  indicated 
to  any  of  the  other  ten  ?  Has  this  always  so 
stood  ?  W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 

The  Spinning-machine  of  the  Ancients.  —  Can 
any  of  your  readers  give  a  satisfactory  explanation 
of  the  difficult  passage  which  occurs  at  the  end  of 
Catullus'  Epithalamium,  containing  the  description 
of  the  spinning-wheel  of  the  Fates  ?  As  this  has 
been  such  a  perplexing  subject  hitherto  to  com- 
mentators, a  solution  of  the  terms  there  employed, 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  240. 


illustrated  by  a  plan  of  the  machine,  would  doubt- 
less be  a  boon  to  many  who  have  unsuccessfully 
tried  to  understand  it. 


View  of  Dumfries.  —  I  have  a  modern  litho- 
graphed view  of  the  town  of  Dumfries,  said  to 
have  been  taken  from  an  old  engraving  in  some 
printed  book.  It  represents  a  small  chapel  (the 
Crystal  Chapel)  on  a  height  in  the  foreground, 
and  the  walls  of  the  town  and  the  old  church  be- 
hind. I  have  in  vain  sought  for  the  original,  and 
have  almost  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
drawing  is  a  forgery.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
who  have  access  to  the  Bodleian,  inform  me  whe- 
ther anything  of  the  kind  is  to  be  found  in  Gough's 
Topographical  Collections,  which  are  there  de- 
posited ?  BALIVUS. 

Edinburgh. 

"  To  pass  the  pikes."  —  What  is  the  origin  of 
this  phrase  ?  G.  TAYLOR. 

May  -day  Custom.  —  Can  any  of  your  correspond- 
ents inform  me  of  the  origin  of  a  singular  custom 
which  prevails  in  Huntingdonshire  on  May  1,  viz. 
that  of  suspending  from  a  rope,  which  is  hung 
across  the  road  in  every  village,  a  doll  with  pieces 
of  gay-coloured  silk  and  ribbon,  and  no  matter 
what,  attached  to  it;  candlesticks  and  snuffers, 
spoons  and  forks,  being  parts  of  those  I  saw  the 
other  day  in  Summersham,  St.  Ives,  and  several 
other  places.  HENRIETTA  M.  COLE. 

3.  Gloucester  Crescent,  Hyde  Park. 

Mayderiburi.  —  The  seal  with  which  I  close  my 
letter  was  purchased  some  years  ago  on  the  west 
coast  of  Wales.  It  is  engraved  on  brass  ;  the 
upper  part  being  much  beaten  down,  as  if  struck 
with  a  hammer  when  used,  but  the  face  is  perfect. 
The  legend  is,  "  s.  IONIS.  DE  MAYDENBVRI:"  but 
being  engraved  in  the  usual  direction,  it  reads  on 
the  impression  from  right  to  left.  The  "  s."  may  be 
read  either  as  "sanctus"  or  "sigillum."  The 
figure  is  that  of  St.  Christopher,  bearing  Christ 
across  a  running  stream. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  discover  the  locality 
of  Maydenburi,  and  therefore  my  questions  to 
such  of  your  readers  as  are  more  skilled  in  me- 
diaeval lore  than  myself,  are,  Where  is  this  place 
situated,  and  what  was  its  previous  destination, 
monastic  or  otherwise  ?  and  who  was  the  original 
proprietor  of  the  seal  ?  H.  E.  S. 

Tewkesbury. 

Richard  Fitz-Alan,  ninth  Earl  of  Arundel.  — 
Can  any  one  tell  me  why  Richard  Fitz-Alan,  Earl 
of  Arundel  and  Surrey,  who  married  Eleanora, 
daughter  of  Henry  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Lan- 
caster, relict  of  Henry  Lord  Beaumont,  received 
the  sobriquet  of  "  Richard  with  the  Copped  Hat  ?  " 

H.  M. 


French  Refugees. — During  the  time  of  the 
French  Revolution,  1789 — 1800,  many  families 
emigrated  to  England,  and  received  shelter  and 
support  at  an  hospital  then  situate  in  Spital  Fields. 
I  should  feel  obliged  for  any  information  relating 
to  the  books  or  registers  of  that  hospital  wherein 
would  be  found  the  names  of  the  emigrants,  and 
also  whether  there  is  any  publication  relating  to 
them.  J.  F.  F. 

Dublin. 

" Dilamgalendi" — What  is  the  precise  mean- 
ing of  the  word  Dilamgabendi ;  is  it  of  ancient 
British  origin,  or  to  what  language  does  it  belong? 

A  TRAVELLER. 

Mr.  Plumley. — In  the  Literary  Intelligencer  for 
March,  1822,  No.  131.,  in  an  article  entitled 
"  Extremes  Meet,"  it  is  said  : 

"  Mr.  Plumley  concludes  one  of  his  tragedies  with  a 
dying  speech  and  an  execution.  And  gives  an  appen- 
dix of  references  to  the  passages  of  Scripture  quoted 
in  his  plays." 

Who  was  Mr.  Plumley,  and  what  did  he  write  ? 
I  cannot  find  any  book  to  which  the  above  pas- 
sage can  refer  in  the  British  Museum.  C.  L. 

Designation  of  Works  under  Review. — I  shall  be 
much  indebted  to  the  Editor  of  "  N.  £  Q.,"  or  to 
any  of  his  correspondents,  if  he  or  they  will  inform 
me  of  the  designation  under  which  the  works, 
whose  names  stand  at  the  head  of  a  review,  should: 
be  technically  referred  to  by  the  reviewer. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 

North-west  Passage. —In  1612,  Captain  Thomas 
Button  made  a  voyage  to  discover  the  north-west 
passage,  and  was  afterwards  knighted  by  King 
James.  Can  any  of  your  readers  refer  me  to  a 
pedigree,  or  other  particulars,  of  Sir  Thomas 
Button's  family  ?  They  appear  to  have  been  seated 
at  Duffryn,  in  Glamorganshire,  as  early  as  the 
fourteenth  or  fifteenth  century.  Sir  Thomas7 
daughter  Ann  married  General  Rowland  Lang- 
harne,  of  St.  Bride's,  Pembrokeshire,  a  noted  cha- 
racter in  the  civil  war.  NOTARY. 

Fountains.  — Will  some  kind  reader  obligingly 
state  the  names  of  any  works  that  give  represent- 
ations or  descriptions  of  foreign  fountains? 

AQUARIUS 

Pope  and  John  Dennis. — What  is  the  authority 
for  the  universal  assumption  that  Pope  wrote  The 
Narrative  of  Dr.  Robert  Norris  f  It  is  said,  in  the 
notes  to  the  Dunciad,  to  have  been  published  in 
Swift  and  Pope's  Miscellanies,  vol.  iii.  This  does 
not  prove  that  Pope  wrote  it.  Farther,  it  is  not 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


517 


in  the  third  volume  of  the  Miscellanies  as  repub- 
lished  in  1731.     What  are  the  facts  ?         P.  J.  D. 


foitf) 

The  Irish  at  the  Battle  of  Crecy.—l  should  feel 
obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could  inform  me 
where  the  authority  is  for  the  Irish  at  the  battle 
of  Crecy  having  been  the  first  to  come  to  close 
fight  with  the  French,  and  doing,  "  after  the 
manner  of  their  own  countrie,"  effective  service 
with  their  skenes  or  long  knives.  M.  P. 

[There  is  the  best  authority  for  this  assertion,  even 
that  of  the  veritable  Holinshed,  who  quotes  from 
Froissart,  the  cotemporary  of  our  victorious  Edward. 
"  The  armie  which  he  (Edward)  had  over  with  him, 
was  to  the  number  of  4000  men  of  armes,  and  10,000 
archers,  besides  Irishmen  and  Welshmen  that  followed 
the  host  on  foot."  The  French  historian  also  informs 
vis,  that  the  skene  or  knife  was  the  chief  weapon  used 
by  the  Irish  in  .that  age:  "The  Irish  have  pointed 
knives  with  broad  blades,  sharp  on  both  sides,  like  a 
dart-head,  with  which  they  kill  their  enemies,"  &c. 
Johnes's  Translation,  vol.  iv.  p.  428.  :  see  also  Grafton's 
Chronicle,  p.  261.  ;  and  Keightley's  History  of  Eng- 
land, vol.  i.  p.  279.] 

King  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. — I  was  not  aware 
that  the  Isle  of  Wight,  like  the  Isle  of  Man,  had 
once  been  a  kingdom.  It  seems  that  Henry  de 
Beauchamp,  Earl  and  Duke  of  Warwick,  was 
crowned,  circa  1445,  King  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents  may  be  able 
to  throw  some  light  on  this  matter.  E.  H.  A. 

[Henry  Beauchamp,  Duke  of  Warwick,  son  of 
Richard  Earl  of  Warwick,  was  crowned  King  of  the 
Isle  of  Wight  by  patent  24  Henry  VI.,  King  Henry 
in  person  assisting  at  the  ceremonial,  and  placing  the 
crown  on  his  head.  Leland  (Itiner.,  vol.  vi.  p.  91.)  says, 
•**  Henricus  Comes  de  Warwike  ab  Henrico  VI.  cui 
carissimus  erat,  coronatus  in  rec/em  de  Wighte,  et  postea 
nominatus  primus  comes  totius  Anglic."  Leland  takes 
this  ex  Libcllo  de  Antiquitate  Theoksibriensis  Monasterii, 
in  the  church  of  which  house  this  Duke  of  Warwick 
was  buried.  But  little  notice  has  been  taken  of  this 
singular  event  by  our  historians,  and,  except  for  some 
other  collateral  evidence,  the  authenticity  of  it  might 
be  doubted  ;  but  the  representation  of  this  duke  with 
an  imperial  crown  on  his  head  and  a  sceptre  before  him, 
in  an  ancient  window  of  the  collegiate  church  at  War- 
wick, leaves  no  doubt  that  such  an  event  did  take 
place.  (See  Worsley's  Hist,  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  for  a 
plate  copied  from  an  accurate  drawing  of  the  king.) 
This  honourable  mark  of  the  royal  favour,  however, 
conveyed  no  regal  authority,  the  king  having  no  power 
to  transfer  the  sovereignty  of  any  part  of  his  dominions, 
as  is  observed  by  Lord  Coke  in  his  Institutes,  where 
this  transaction  is  discussed  ;  and  there  is  reason  to 
conclude  that,  though  titular  king,  he  did  not  even 
possess  the  lordship  of  the  island,  no  surrender  appear- 
ing from  Duke  Humphrey,  who  was  then  living,  and 
had  a  grant  for  the  term  of  his  life.  Mr.  Selden  too, 


in  his  Titles  of  Honour,  p.  29,,  treating  of  the  title  of 
the  King  of  Man,  observes  that  "  it  was  like  that  of 
King  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  in  the  great  Beauchamp, 
Duke  of  Warwick,  who  was  crowned  king  under 
Henry  VI."  Henry  Beauchamp  was  also  crowned 
King  of  Guernsey  and  Jersey.  He  died  soon  after 
these  honours  had  been  conferred  on  him,  June  1 1 , 
1445,  when  the  regal  title  expired  with  him,  and  the 
lordship  of  the  island,  at  the  death  of  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  reverted  to  the  crown. J 

Theodore  de  la  Guard.  —  I  have  a  tract  by  him 
with  the  title  of  The  simple  CoUer  of  Aggawam, 
in  America,  London,  1647.  Who  was  he?  and 
where  can  I  find  any  account  of  him  or  his  work? 

CPL. 

[The  Rev.  Nathaniel  Ward  was  the  author  of  this 
work.  He  was  born  at  Haverhill  in  Essex,  of  which 
place  his  father  was  a  clergyman  ;  and  after  studying 
at  Cambridge,  became  minister  of  Standon  in  Herts; 
but  was  cited  before  the  bishop,  Dec.  12,  1631,  to 
answer  for  his  nonconformity.  Being  forbidden  to 
preach,  he  embarked  for  America  in  April,  1634,  and 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Ipswich,  or  Aggawam. 
He  returned  to  England  in  1646,  and  on  June  30, 
1647,  preached  before  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
the  same  year  published  The  Simple  Cobler.  He  was 
afterwards  settled  at  Shenfield,  near  Brentwood,  where 
he  died  in  1653,  in  his  eighty-third  year.  Fuller,  in 
his  Worthies,  co.  Suffolk,  speaking  of  him,  says,  that  he, 
"  following  the  counsel  of  the  poet, 

*  Ridentem  dicere  verum, 

Quis  vetat?' 

« What  doth  forbid  that  one  may  smile, 
And  also  tell  the  truth  the  while  ? ' 

hath  in  a  jesting  way,  in  some  of  his  books,  delivered 
much  smart  truth  of  the  present  times."  Dr.  Mather, 
in  his  Magnolia,  remarks  of  him,  that  "  he  was  the 
author  of  many  composures  full  of  wit  and  sense  ; 
among  which  that  entitled  The  Simple  Cobler  (which 
demonstrated  him  to  be  a  subtil  statesman)  was  most 
considered."  This  work  passed  through  several  edi- 
tions in  England  in  1647.  It  was  reprinted  in  Boston 
in  1713.  The  best  edition,  containing  the  author's 
subsequent  additions,  is  that  edited  by  David  Pulsifer, 
Boston,  1843.] 

Sack. — What  is  the  meaning  and  derivation 
of  "  Back,"  as  applied  to  several  localities  in  Bris- 
tol, as,  for  instance,  The  Back,  Welsh  Back,  Tem- 
ple Back,  St.  Augustine's  Back,  St.  James'  Back, 
Redcliffe  Back  ?  Many  of  them  are  not  on  the 
river,  or  I  should  have  imagined  it  a  corruption 
of  the  word  bank.  MALCOLM  FBASER. 

Clifton. 

[Barrett,  in  his  History  of  Bristol,  p.  72.,  gives  a 
clue  to  the  origin  of  this  local  name :  "  Before  the 
quay  was  made  the  usual  place,  as  Leland  says,  for 
landing  goods  out  of  the  ships  was  at  the  Back  (or 
Sec,  a  Saxon  word  for  a  river),  where  was  the  old 
Custom-house.  The  quay  being  completed,  and  the 
marsh  of  Bristol  thereby  effectually  divided  from  that 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


of  St.  Augustine,  houses  and  streets  began  to  be  built 
there;  Marsh  Street  terminated  with  a  chapel,  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Clement,  and  a  gate;  and  Back  Street, 
with  a  gate  also,  and  a  chapel  near  it,  dedicated  to 
St.  John,  and  belonging  to  St.  Nicholas  ;  the  church 
of  St.  Stephen  and  its  dependent  parish,  and  the  build- 
ings between  the  Back  and  the  quay,  seem  to  have 
taken  their  rise  at  this  period,  and  were  all  enclosed 
with  a  strong  embattled  wall,  externa  or  secunda  mcenia 
urbis,  extending  from  the  quay  to  the  Back,  where 
King  Street  has  since  been  built."] 

Broom  at  Mast-head. — Whence  did  the  custom 
originate  of  a  broom  being  fastened  to  the  mast- 
head of  boats  and  small  craft,  to  indicate  their 
being  for  sale  ?  J-  R.  G. 

Dublin. 

[It  originated  from  the  old  custom  of  putting  up 
boughs  upon  anything  which  was  intended  for  sale  ; 
and  "  this  is  the  reason,"  says  Brande,  "  why  an  old 
besom  (which  is  a  sort  of  dried  busli)  is  put  up  at 
the  top-mast-head  of  a  ship  or  boat  when  she  is  to  be 
sold."] 


THE    ADVICE    SUPPOSED    TO    HAVE    BEEN    GIVEN    TO 
JULIUS    III. 

(Vol.  viii.,  p.  54. ;  Vol.  ix.  passim.') 

Your  correspondent  Novus  has  very  judiciously 
warned  controversialists  on  the  use  of  a  document 
as  emanating  from  the  papal  court,  which,  to 
every  one  who  reads  it  through  (if  a  shorter  exa- 
mination will  not  be  satisfactory),  must  carry 
evidence  of  its  not  being  papal  authority,  but 
intended  as  a  satire  ron  Rome.  A  writer  in 
the  Christian  Remembrancer,  vol.  xii.,  attaches 
undue  importance  to  the  signatures,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  which,  he  admits,  "we  should  conclude 
that  this  was  the  production  of  some  enemy  in 
disguise." 

In  a  4to.  volume  of  Tracts  now  before  me  is  a 
copy  of  the  genuine  document — 

"  Consilium  delectorum  cardinalium  et  aliorujn 
praslatorum,  de  emendanda  ecclesia.  S.  D.  N.  Papa 
Paulo  III.  ipso  jubente  conscriptum  et  exhibitum 
anno  1538;" 

two  copies  of  the  supposititious 

"  Consilium  quorundam  episcoporum  Bononise  con- 
gregatorum  quod  de  ratidne  stabiliendas  Romance  ec- 
clesice  Julio  III.  Pont.  Max.  datum  est.  Quo  artes 
et  astutia?  Romanensium  et  arcana  imperil  papal  is 
non  pauca  propalantur.  Ex  bibliotheca  W.  Crashauii. 
Londini,  1613 ;" 

and  several  other  tracts,  so  rare  that  an  enumer- 
ation of  them,  and  a  few  extracts,  will  perhaps  be 


acceptable  to  many  of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q." 
Fourth  in  order  : 

"  Marcus  Antonius  de  Dominis  archiepiscopus  Spa- 
latensis,  suae  profectionis  Consilium  exponit.  Londini, 
1616." 

"  Bellum  Papale,  sive  concordia  discors  Sixti  Quinti 
et  dementis  Octavi,  circa  Hieronymianam  editionem, 
etc.  Auctore  Thoma  Jamesio.  Londini,  1600." 

"  [Ejusdem]  Bellum  Gregorianum,  sive  corrup- 
tionis  Romana?  in  operibus  D.  Gregorii  M.  jussu 
pontificum  Rom.  recognitis  atque  editis,  etc.  Oxoniae, 
1610." 

"  Summa  actorum  Facultatis  Theologia?  Parisiensis 
contra  librum  inscriptum,  Controversia  Anglicana  de 
potestate  regis  et  pontificis,  etc.  Auctore  Martino  Be- 
cano.  Londini,  1613." 

"  Antitortobellarminus,  sive  refutatio  calumniarum, 
mendaciorum,  et  imposturarum  laico-cardinalis  Bellar- 
mini,  contra  jura  omnium  regum  et  sinceram  illiba- 
tamque  famam  Serenissimi,  potentissimi  piissimique 

Principis  Jacobi fidei  catholica?  defensoris  et 

propugnatoris:  per  Joan.  Gordonium.  Londini,  1610." 

"  Tu  super  hoc  cepha  fingis  Christum  ore  loquutum 

Fundamen  caulaa  nidificabo  meaj : 
Vernac'lo  at  Christus  Solymis  sermone  loquutus, 

Separat  articulis  mascula  foemineis ; 
Petre,  ait,  hie  cepha  es,  sancta?  fundamina  caulse, 

Et  super  hoc  cepha  ponere  dico  meae : 

Quod  tu  sirf  audes  Christi  pervertere  verba 

Et.  pro  foemineo  subdere  masculeum, 
Nil  mirum  ;   Papis  solenne  est  cardineisque 
"Sic  pro  fcemineo  subdere  masculeum." 

"  Epilogus  ad  quatuor  colloquia  Dni  Dris  Wrighti  pro 
mala  fide  habita  ;  et  a  Jacobo  Nixon  non  bona  fide 
relata;  et  Guilielmo  Stanleio  nullius  fidei  perduelli 
dicata  :  pro  amico  et  gentili  suo  Dno  Thoma  Roe  equite 
editus.  Authore  Guilielmo  Roe.  Londini,  1615." 

"  Dno  Dri  Wright  Anglo,  maize  causae  client!  :  et 
Jacobo  Nixon  Hiberno,  advocato  pejori :  et  Guilielmo 
Stanleio,  patrono  pessimo  ;  religionis  et  patriae  hosti- 
bus :  pcenam  seram  et  poenitentiam  seriam  Guilielmus 
Roe  exoptat." 

This  is  the  opening  of  the  epilogus  Colloquii  Spa- 
dani,  a  copy  of  which  rare  tract  is  in  the  exten- 
sive collection  of  the  President  of  the  Chetham 
Society.  The  epilogue  contains  an  unmeasured 
invective  against  these  three  "vassal  slaves  of 
servile  Rome."*  Wright's  panegyric  on  Stanley 
is  thus  introduced  and  distorted  : 

"  Egregia  facinora  tua  vidit  Hibernia,  experta  est 
Hollandia,  agnoscit  Hispania,  pvsedicat  Gallia,  fatetur 
Flandria,  neque  potest  negare  Anglin.  Ergo  curn 
bona  frontis  tuss  serenitate  sustinebis,  si  elogii  tui 
vocem  ad  assensum  nostrum  repercussam,  instar  EC- 
chus  remittamus,  et  Stanleium  liominem  egregie  faci- 
norosum  dixerimus,  quod  in  Hispanis  consilio  suo 
immissis  vidit  Hibernia,  in  Daventriae  proditione  ex- 


*  "  Valete  tria  animalia  Religionis  serves,  et  in  ser- 
vitutem  nata." 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


perta  est  Hollandia,  in  stipendio  proditioni  imputato 
agnoscit  Hispania,  in  pluribus  locis  frustra  et  cum 
ignominia  tentatis  praedicat  Gallia,  et  nullam  illi  prae- 
fecturam  unquam  integre  credendo  fatetur  Flandria, 
neque  post  tot  in  patriam  suam  molitiones,  et  prss- 
sertim  expeditionem  quam  ad  fragorem  pulverariae 
conjurationis  in  nos  habiturus  erat,  negare  potest 
Anglia." 

"  Eadgarus  in  Jacobo  redivivus :  sen  pietatis  Angli- 
came  defensio.  Ab  Adamo  Reuter.  Londini,  1614." 

"  [Ejusdem]  Libertatis  Anglicanae  defensio  sen  de- 
monstratio :  regnum  Anglias  non  esse  feudum  pontificis: 
in  nobilissima  et  antiquissima  Oxoniensi  academia, 
publice  apposita  Martino  Becano.  Londini,  1613." 

"  [Ejusdem]  Oratio  :  quam  Papam  esse  Bestiam 
quze  non  est  et  tamen  est,  apud  Johan.  Apoc.  xvii.  8. 
in  fine  probantem  ....  recitavit  Adam  Reuter.  Lon- 
dini, 1610." 

"[Ejusdem]  Contra  conspiratorum  consilia  orationes 
du£e.  Habitaa  ....  5°  Aug.  et  5°  Nov.,  anno  1611, 
diebus  regise  liberationis  a  conspiratione  Govvrie,  et 
tormentaria.  Londini,  1612." 

"Ejusdem,  Delineatio  consilii  brevissima :  quam 
societati  mercatorum  Belgarum  Londini  florentiss. 
commorantium  consecrat  A.R.  Londini,  1614." 

"  Uovrjcris  Xpiarotyopov  rov  AyyeAov,  etc.  At  Oxford, 
1617." 

"  [The  same].  Christopher  Angell,  who  tasted  of 
many  stripes  and  torments,  inflicted  by  the  Turkes  for 
the  faith  which  he  had  in  Christ  Jesus.  At  Oxford, 
1617." 

"  [Ejusdem]  Labor  C.  A.  Graeci.  De  apostasia 
ecclesice,  et  de  homine  peccati  scilicet  Antichristo,  etc. 
Gr.  et  Lat.  Londini,  1624."* 

"  Expositio  mysteriorum  misse  et  verus  modus  rite 
celebrandi.  A  Guilhelmo  de  Gouda.  Daventrie, 
1504." 

Had  I  not  already  occupied  so  much  space, 
I  should  have  added  an  extract  from  Angell's 
Epistle  in  commendation  of  England  and  the  Inha- 
bitants thereof.  He  begins  thus  : 

"  O  faire  like  man,  thou  most  fertill  and  pleasant 
countrie  of  England,  which  art  the  head  of  the  world, 
indued  with  those  two  faire  eies,  the  two  Universities." 

BlBLIOTHECAR.  CHETHAM. 

Had  your  correspondent  !N"ovus,  in  his  first 
communication,  specified  by  name  the  Consilium 
Quorundam  Episcoporum  as  the  document  whose 
fictitious  character  he  desired  to  notify,  I  should 
not  have  been  betrayed  into  my  supererogatory 
vindication  of  the  Consilium  Delectorum  Cardina- 
lium ;  the  latter  piece  having  lately  been  much 
before  me,  and  its  very  extraordinary  frankness 
in  acknowledging  the  existence  of  the  gravest 
abuses,  of  which  the  Reformers  complained,  giving 
it  so  much  the  air  of  satirical  fiction.  The  use  of 


*  In  the  Bibliotheca  Grenvilliana  the  tract  De  Apo- 
stasia is  not  included,  although  the  compilers  say,  "  The 
present  is  a  complete  Collection  of  his  Tracts,  including 
the  folding  sheet." 


the  other  document,  moreover,  being  chiefly  in 
the  hands  of  a  class  of  writers  I  am  happy  in  not 
being  able  to  boast  a  very  extensive  acquaintance 
with,  recent  anti-papal  controversialists,  I  cer- 
tainly did  think  that  Novus  had  impugned  the 
authenticity  of  the  genuine  Consilium. 

R.  G.  is  mistaken  in  supposing  that  I  thought 
there  were  nine  Cardinals  in  the  committee  which 
drew  up  the  genuine  Consilium,  as  the  full  title 
of  this  piece  will  show  : — Consilium  novem  Delec- 
torum Cardinalium  et  aliorum  Prcelatorum,  de 
emendanda  Ecclesia.  B.  B.  WOODWARD. 

Bungay,  Suffolk. 


LORD  ROSEHILL. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  422.) 

Something  more  than  a  partiality  for  the  novelist 
takes  me  now  and  then  to  the  scene  of  the  anti- 
quary —  Aberbrothock,  or  Arbroath.  On  one 
occasion,  in  company  with  a  few  friends,  we  made 
a  day  of  it  in  a  ramble  along  the  romantic  eastern 
coast  of  that  burgh,  and  the  scene  of  the  perilous 
incident  related  of  Sir  Arthur  Lekiss  Wardour, 
when  rescued  from  the  incoming  tide  by  being 
drawn  up  the  face  of  the  precipitous  cliff  by  the 
doughty  Mucklebacket,  under  the  superintendence 
of  Oldbuck  and  young  Lovel.  The  fresh  breeze 
from  the  German  Ocean,  and  the  excitement  of  the 
occasion,  imparted  a  keen  relish  for  the  locality 
and  its  associations ;  and  by  the  time  we  reached 
the  hostelry  of  Mrs.  Walker,  at  Auchmithie,  a  no 
less  sharp  appreciation  of  the  piscatorial  spread 
we  had  the  foresight  to  bespeak  the  previous  day. 
Ushered  into  Lucky  Walker's  best  dining-room, 
our  attention  was  immediately  drawn  to  an  aristo- 
cratic emblazonment  of  arms  which  occupied  one 
entire  side  of  the  room,  with  a  ribbon,  artistically 
disposed  over  the  same,  upon  which  was  inscribed 
Lord  Rosehill,  who  was,  we  were  informed,  the 
eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Northesk  (Carnegie),  a 
great  proprietor  in  that  neighbourhood,  and  the 
special  patron-  of  our  hostess  and  her  establish- 
ment. 

With  respect  to  the  particular  Lord  Rosehill, 
alluded  to  by  your  correspondent  W.  D-.  R.,  I 
beg  to  offer  him  the  following  brief  notice  from 
Douglas'  Peerage,  by  Wood,  Edin.  1813  : 

«  David  L.  Rosehill  (son  of  Geo.  6th  E.  of  Northesk) 
was  born  at  Edin.,  5th  April,  1749  ;  had  an  Ensign's 
commission  in  the  26th  Reg.  Foot  in  1765;  quitted 
the  army  1767,  and  went  to  America.  He  married  in 
Maryland,  in  Aug.  1768,  Miss  Mary  Cheer,  and  died 
without  issue  at  Rouen,  in  Normandy,  19  Feb.  1788, 
set.  39." 

From  a  dear  old  lady,  whom  I  always  find  a  mine 
of  Forfarshire  anecdote  of  the  last  century,  I  ob- 
tain some  corroborative  proof  that  the  said  David 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  240. 


Lord  Rosehill  was  the  eccentric  character  we  might 
infer  from  the  above,  in  the  assurance  that  he  was 
"  a  ne'er  do  weel,  and  ran  away  with  the  tincklers 
•  (z.  e.  gypsies)  in  early  life." 

If  I  may  farther  travel  out  of  the  record,  allow 
me  here  to  recommend  to  such  of  your  readers  as 
meditate  the  northern  tour  this  summer,  to  diverge 
a  little  from  the  beaten  track,  and  visit  the  neigh- 
bourhood above  alluded  to ;  your  antiquarian 
friends,  especially,  will  be  delighted  with  that  fine 
old  ruin,  the  Abbey  of  Aberbrothock,  now  that  it  is 
brushed  up  and  fit  to  receive  visitors.  The  worthy 
Mr.  Peter,  in  charge,  has  some  curious  relics  ac- 
quired at  the  last  diggins,  and  possesses  a  fragment 
of  a  black-letter  Chronicle  to  satisfy  the  incre- 
dulous that  in  identifying  the  objects  exhibited, 
he  has  his  warrant  in  Hector  Boece.  The  man  of 
progress,  too,  will  find  in  Fairport,  or  Arbroath,  a 
hive  of  industry  ;  but,  I  regret  to  add,  threatened 
with  a  check  by  this  closing  of  the  Baltic  trade, 
which  is,  if  I  may  say  so,  both  woof  and  warp  in 
the  prosperity  of  this  and  other  towns  on  the  east 
coast  of  Scotland.  And  lastly,  the  lovers  of  ocean, 
rocks,  and  caves,  will  be  not  less  interested  with 
the  environs,  and  I  doubt  not  all  would  leave  it 
•exclaiming  with  Johnson,  that  if  they  had  seen  no 
•more  of  old  Scotia  than  Aberbrothock,  they  would 
-not  have  regretted  their  journey.  J.  0. 


MAJOR   ANDRE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  111.) 

On  the  13th  of  January,  1817,  Mr.  Chappell 
made  a  report  unfavourable  to  the  petition  of 
John  Paulding  (one  of  the  citizens  who  captured 
Major  Andre),  who  prays  for  an  increase  of  the 
pension  allowed  to  him  by  the  government  in  con- 
sequence of  that  service.  On  the  question  to  re- 
verse this  report,  an  interesting  debate  followed. 

We  copy  the  following  from  the  National  In- 
telligencer, January  14,  1817  : 

"  What  gave  interest  principally  to  the  debate,  was 
the  disclosure  by  Mr.  Tallmadge  of  Connecticut  (an 
officer  at  the  time,  and  commanding  the  advance  guard 
when  Major  Andre  was  brought  in)  of  his  view  of  the 
merit  of  this  transaction,  with  which  history  and  the" 
records  of  the  country  have  made  every  man  familiar. 
The  value  of  the  service  he  did  not  deny ;  but  on  the 
authority  of  the  declaration  of  Major  Andre  (made 
while  in  the  custody  of  Colonel  Tallmadge),  he  gave  it 
as  his  opinion  that,  if  Major  Andre  could  have  given 
to  these  men  the  amount  they  demanded  for  his  re- 
lease, he  never  would  have  been  hung  as  a  spy,  nor  in 
captivity  on  that  occasion.  Mr.  T.'s  statement  was 
minutely  circumstantial,  and  given  with  expressions  of 
his  individual  confidence  in  its  correctness.  Among 
other  circumstances  he  stated,  that  when  Major  Andre's 
boots  were  taken  off  by  them,  it  was  to  search  for 
plunder,  and  not  to  detect  treason.  These  persons, 


indeed,  he  said,  were  of  that  class  of  people  who  passed 
between  both  armies,  as  often  in  one  camp  as  the 
other,  and  whom,  he  said,  if  he  had  met  with  them, 
he  should  probably  as  soon  have  apprehended  as 
Major  Andre,  as  he  had  always  made  it  a  rule  to  do 
with  these  suspicious  persons.  The  conclusion  to  be 
drawn  from  the  whole  of  Mr.  Tallmadge's  statement, 
of  which  this  is  a  brief  abstract,  was,  that  these  persons 
had  brought  in  Major  Andre  only  because  they  should 
probably  get  more  for  his  apprehension  than  for  his 
release." 

The  question  on  reversing  the  report  was  decided 
in  the  negative  : — Ayes,  "53;  Noes,  80  or  90. 

It  is  proper  to  say  that  the  question  was  decided 
on  the  ground  taken  in  the  report,  viz.  on  the  in- 
justice of  legislating  on  a  single  case  of  pension, 
whilst  there  were  many  survivors  of  the  Revo- 
lution whom  the  favour  of  the  government  had 
not  distinguished. 

From  The  Gleaner,  published  at  Wilkesbtiry, 
Pennsylvania  (copied  into  the  National  Intelli- 
gencer of  Washington,  March  4,  1817)  : 

"  The  disclosure  recently  made  by  Colonel  Tall- 
madge in  the  House  of  Representatives,  relative  to  the 
capture  of  Major  Andre,  seems  to  have  been  received 
in  every  instance  with  the  confidence  to  which  it  was 
certainly  entitled.  That  gentleman  related  what  he 
saw  and  knew  ;  and  those  who  are  attempting  to  dis- 
pute him,  relatetonly  what  they  had  been  informed  of. 
To  those  of  our  readers  who  may  not  have  seen  the 
report  of  Colonel  Tallmadge's  remarks,  it  may  be 
proper  to  observe,  that  those  three  men  who  captured 
Major  Andre,  applied  to  Congress  for  an  increase  of 
pension  settled  on  them  by  the  government,  and  that 
when  this  application  was  under  consideration,  Colonel 
Tallmadge  (a  member  for  Connecticut)  rose  and  stated, 
that  having  been  the  officer  to  whom  the  care  of 
Andre  was  entrusted,  he  had  heard  Andre  declare  that 
those  men  robbed  him,  and  upon  his  offer  to  reward 
them  for  taking  him  to  the  British  lines,  he  believes 
they  declined  only  from  the  impossibility  of  giving 
them  sufficient  security,  &c.,  and  that  it  was  not  pa- 
triotism but  the  hope  of  gain  which  induced  them  to 
deliver  him  to  the  Americans.  To  this  declaration  of 
Colonel  Tallmadge,  and  in  support  of  his  opinion,  we 
are  happy  to  have  it  in  our  power  to  offer  the  follow- 
ing corroborating  testimony. 

"  There  is  now  living  in  this  town  a  gentleman  who 
was  an  officer  in  the  Massachusets  line,  and  who  was 
particularly  conversant  in  all  the  circumstances  of  that 
transaction.  It  was  this  gentleman  who,  in  company 
with  Captain  Hughes,  composed  the  special  guard  of 
Andre's  person,  was  with  him  during  the  last  twenty- 
four  hours  of  his  life,  and  supported  him  to  the  place 
of  execution.  From  him  we  have  received  the  fol- 
lowing particulars  :  it  is  needless  to  say  we  give  them 
our  implicit  belief,  since  to  those  who  are  acquainted 
with  the  person  to  whom  we  allude,  no  other  testimony 
is  ever  necessary  than  his  simple  declaration. 

"  To  this  gentleman  Andre  himself  related  that  he 
was  passing  down  a  hill,  at  the  foot  of  which,  under  a 
tree,  playing  cards,  were  the  three  men  who  took  him. 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


521 


They  were  close  by  the  road  side,  and  he  had  ap- 
proached very  near  them  before  either  party  discovered 
the  other  ;  upon  seeing  him  they  instantly  rose  and 
seized  their  rifles.  They  approached  him  and  de- 
manded who  he  was  ;  he  immediately  answered  that  he 
was  a  British  officer,  supposing,  from  their  being  so 
near  the  British  lines,  that  they  belonged  to  that  party. 
They  then  seized  him,  robbed  him  of  the  few  guineas 
which  he  had  with  him,  and  the  two  watches  which  he 
then  wore,  one  of  gold  and  the  other  of  silver.  He 
offered  to  reward  them  if  they  would  take  him  to  New 
York  ;  they  hesitated,  and  in  his  (Andre's)  opinion,  the 
reason  why  they  did  not  do  so,  was  the  impossibility 
on  his  part  to  secure  to  them  the  performance  of  the 
promise. 

"  He  informs  also  that  it  was  an  opinion  too  preva- 
lent to  admit  of  any  doubt,  that  these  men  were  of  that 
description  of  persons  called  '  cow  boys, '  or  those  who, 
without  being  considered  as  belonging  to  either  party, 
made  it  a  business  to  pillage  from  both.  He  has  fre- 
quently heard  this  opinion  expressed  at  that  time  by 
several  officers  who  were  personally  acquainted  with 
all  these  men,  and  who  could  not  have  been  mistaken 
in  their  general  characters. 

"  Andre  frequently  spoke  of  the  kindness  of  the 
American  officers,  and  particularly  of  the  attention  of 
Major  Tallmadge  ;  and  on  the  way  to  the  place  of 
execution  sent  for  that  officer  to  come  near  him,  that 
he  might  learn  the  manner  in  which  he  was  to  die." 

Statement  of  Van  Wart  (from  the  National 
Intelligencer  of  Feb.  25,  1817)  : 

"  Isaac  Van  Wart,  of  the  town  of  Mount  Pleasant, 
in  the  county  of  Westchester,  being  duly  sworn,  doth 
depose  and  say,  that  he  is  one  of  the  three  persons  who 
arrested  Major  Andre  during  the  American  revolu- 
tionary war,  and  conducted  him  to  the  American 
camp.  That  he,  this  deponent,  together  with  David 
Williams  and  John  Paulding,  had  secreted  themselves 
at  the  side  of  the  highway,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting 
any  person  coming  from,  or  having  unlawful  inter- 
course with,  the  enemy,  being  between  the  two  armies; 
a  service  not  uncommon  in  those  times.  That  this 
deponent  and  his  companions  were  armed  with 
muskets,  and  upon  seeing  Major  Andre  approach  the 
place  where  they  were  concealed,  they  rose  and  pre- 
sented their  muskets  at  him,  and  required  him  to  stop, 
which  he  did.  He  then  asked  them  whether  they  be- 
longed to  his  party,  and  then  they  asked  him  which 
was  his  party  ?  to  which  he  replied  the  lower  party. 
Upon  which  they,  deeming  a  little  stratagem  under 
such  circumstances  not  only  justifiable  but  necessary, 
gave  him  to  understand  that  they  were  of  his  party, 
upon  which  he  joyfully  declared  himself  to  be  a 
British  officer,  and  told  them  that  he  had  been  out 
upon  very  particular  business.  Having  ascertained 
thus  much,  this  deponent  and  his  companions  unde- 
ceived him  as  to  their  characters,  declaring  themselves 
to  be  Americans,  and  that  he  must  consider  himself 
their  prisoner.  Upon  this,  with  seeming  unconcern, 
he  said  he  had  a  pass  from  General  Arnold,  which  he 
exhibited,  and  then  insisted  on  their  permitting  him  to 
proceed.  But  they  told  him  that,  as  he  had  confessed 


himself  to  be  a  British  officer,  they  deemed  it  to  be 
their  duty  to  convey  him  to  the  American  camp  ;  and 
then  took  him  into  a  wood,  a  short  distance  from  the 
highway,  in  order  to  guard  against  being  surprised  by 
parties  of  the  enemy,  who  were  frequently  reconnoiter- 
ing  in  that  neighbourhood.  That  when  they  had  him 
in  the  wood  they  proceeded  to  search  him,  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  who  and  what  he  was,  and 
found  inside  of  his  stockings  and  boots,  next  to  his 
bare  feet,  papers  which  satisfied  them  he  was  a  spy. 
Major  Andre  now  showed  them  his  gold  watch,  and 
remarked  that  it  was  evidence  of  his  being  a  gentleman, 
and  also  promised  to  make  them  any  reward  they 
might  name,  if  they  would  but  permit  him  to  proceed, 
which  they  refused.  He  then  told  them  that  if  they 
doubted  the  fulfilment  of  his  promise,  they  might  con- 
ceal him  in  some  secret  place,  and  keep  him  there 
until  they  could  send  to  New  York  and  receive  their 
reward.  And  this  deponent  expressly  declares,  that 
every  offer  made  by  Major  Andre  to  them  was 
promptly  and  resolutely  refused.  And,  for  himself, 
he  solemnly  declares  that  he  had  not,  and  he  does 
most  sincerely  believe  that  Paulding  and  Williams  had 
not,  any  intention  of  plundering  their  prisoner ;  nor 
did  they  confer  with  each  other,  or  even  hesitate 
whether  they  should  accept  his  promise,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  they  were,  in  the  opinion  of  this  deponent, 
governed,  like  himself,  by  a  deep  interest  in  the  cause 
of  the  country,  and  a  strong  sense  of  duty.  And  this 
deponent  further  says  that  he  never  visited  the  British 
camp,  nor  does  he  believe  or  suspect  that  either  Pauld- 
ing or  Williams  ever  did,  except  that  Paulding  was, 
once  before  Andre's  capture,  and  once  afterwards, 
made  a  prisoner  by  the  British,  as  this  deponent  has 
been  informed  and  believes.  And  this  deponent,  for 
himself,  expressly  denies  that  he  ever  held  any  unlaw- 
ful traffic  or  any  intercourse  whatever  with  the  enemy. 
And,  appealing  solemnly  to  that  omniscient  Being,  at 
whose  tribunal  he  must  soon  appear,  he  doth  expressly 
declare  that  all  accusations,  charging  him  therewith, 
are  utterly  untrue.  ISAAC  VAN  WART. 

"  Sworn  this  28th  day  of  January,  1817, 
before  Jacob  Radcliff. 

"  We  the  subscribers,  inhabitants  of  the  county  of 
Westchester,  do  certify  that  during  the  revolutionary 
war  we  were  well  acquainted  with  Isaac  Van  Wart, 
David  Williams,  and  John  Paulding,  who  arrested 
Major  Andre ;  and  that  at  no  time  during  the  revo- 
lutionary war  was  any  suspicion  ever  entertained  by 
their  neighbours  or  acquaintances,  that  they,  or  either 
of  them,  held  any  undue  intercourse  with  the  enemy. 
On  the  contrary,  they  were  universally  esteemed,  and 
taken  to  be  ardent  and  faithful  in  the  cause  of  the 
country.  We  further  certify  that  the  said  Paulding 
and  Williams  are  not  now  resident  among  us,  but  that 
Isaac  Van  Wart  is  a  respectable  freeholder  of  the  town 
of  Mount  Pleasant,  that  we  are  all  well  acquainted 
with  him,  and  we  do  not  hesitate  to  declare  our  belief 
that  there  is  not  an  individual  in  the  county  of  West- 
Chester,  acquainted  with  Isaac  Van  Wart,  who  would 
hesitate  to  describe  him  as  a  man  of  a  sober,  moral, 
industrious,  and  religious  life,  as  a  man  whose  integrity 
is  as  unimpeachable  as  his  veracity  is  undoubted.  In 


522 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


these  respects  no  man  in  the  county  of  Westchester  is 
his  superior. 

Jonathan    G.   Tompkins, 

aged  81  years. 
Jacob  Purely,  77. 
John  Odell,  60. 
John  Boyce,  72. 
J.  Requa,  59. 
William  Paulding,  81. 
John  Requa,  54. 
Archer  Read,  64. 


George  Comb,  72. 
Gilbert  Dean,  70. 
Jonathan  Odell,  87. 
Cornelius  Van  Tassel,  71. 
Thomas  Boyce,  71. 
Tunis  Lint,  71. 
Jacobus  Dyckman,  68. 
William  Hammond. 
John  Romer." 

F.D. 

The  following  works  furnish  much  that  is  in- 
teresting concerning  Major  Andre  :  — 

An  Authentic  Narrative  of  the  Causes  which  led 
to  the  Death  of  Major  Andre,  by  Joshua  Hett 
Smith,  London,  1808.  Printed  for  Matthews  and 
Leigh,  18.  Strand. 

The  Plot  of  Arnold  and  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
against  the  United  States,  and  against  General 
Washington,  Paris,  1816.  Printed  by  Didot  the 
Elder. 

Niles'  Weekly  Register  for  1817,  vol.  ii.  p.  386. 
Printed  at  Baltimore.  ANON. 


THE  TERMINATIONS  "  -BY"  AND  " -NESS." 

The  linguistic  origin  of  these  descriptive  syl- 
lables, when  found  as  suffixes  to  the  names  of 
places,  is  a  question  of  some  interest  to  the  anti- 
quary and  ethnologist ;  and,  as  to  the  former  of 
them,  has,  on  that  account,  fitly  enough  been  made 
the  subject  of  occasional  discussion  in  the  pages 
of  "  N.  &  Q."      The  -by,  as  your  pages  evince 
(Vol.  vii.,  p.  536.),  is  implicitly   relied   upon   by 
Mr.  Worsaae  and  his  disciples,  in  support  of  the 
Danish  theory  of  that  eminent  northern  scholar ; 
and   that   too,  as   it  appears,  without  any  very 
minute  regard  to  the  etymology  and  meaning  of 
the  former  syllabic  divisions  of  proper  names  so 
characterised.   If  only  the  designation  of  a  locality 
end  with  -by,  evidence  sufficient  is  given,  that  it 
owes  its  paternity  specially  to  the  Danes  alone, 
of  all  the  Scandinavian  tribes  who  obtained  a  per- 
manent footing  on  our  shores.     The  same  is  the 
case  with  respect  to  the  termination  -ness,  and  its- 
orthographic   varieties.      As   with    the    Ashbys,  j 
Newbys,  and  Kirbys  of  our  several  counties,  so 
(inter  alia)  with  the  Hackness  of  Yorkshire,  the 
Longness  of  Man,  the  Bowness  of  Westmoreland,  I 
and  the  Foulness  of  Essex.     All  have  the  Danish  j 
mark  upon  them;    and  all,  therefore,   possess  a  | 
Danish  original,  and  bear  witness  of  a  Danish  j 
location. 

With  regard  to  the  -by,  I  have  already,  in  these 
pages,  taken  occasion  to  suggest  a  doubt  whether, 
in  that  particular  instance,  the  Worsaaen  theory 
be  not  as  fallacious  as  it  is  dogmatical.  And, 
adopting  the  same  method  with  the  -ness,  I  think 


it  will  be  evident,  on  examination  of  the  following 
list  of  almost  identical  forms  of  the  expression, 
that,  as  to  this  point  also,  no  argument  can  be 
founded  upon  it,  one  way  or  the  other,  beyond  the 
fact  of  its  derivation  from  some  of  the  Scandi- 
navian tribes  who,  in  the  fifth  and  succeeding 
centuries,  established  themselves  on  our  shores : 
if,  indeed,  I  do  not,  even  with  this  enlarged  ex- 
tension, assign  to  the  presence  of  the  term  in  our 
topography  a  too  restricted  application. 

I  have  a  list  now  before  me  of  521  places  with 
this  suffix,  distributed  over  twenty-five  counties. 
It  does  not  pretend  to  be  complete  ;  but  as  it 
offers  a  more  extended  view  of  the  question  than 
in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  136.,  I  subjoin  the  results  : 
Yorkshire  -  -  -  -  -  173 

Lincolnshire      -  -  -  -  -     163 

Leicestershire    -  -  -  -  49 

Norfolk  -  -  -  -  22 

Cumberland      -  -  -  -  -21 

Westmoreland  -  -  -  -  -       18 

Northamptonshire         -  17 

Lancashire        ...  -       14 

Nottinghamshire  -  -  -  14 

Suffolk  and  Derbyshire,  5  each  -  -  10 

Durham  and  Warwickshire,  3  each        -  6 

Essex  and  Isle  of  Man,  2  each  -  -  -4 

Cardiganshire,  Cheshire,  Cornwall,  Kent,  Mon- 
mouthshire, Northumberland.,  Pembrokeshire, 
Salop,  and  Wiltshire,  1  each  -  -  1O 

521 

Our  termination  -ness,  then,  is  the  old  northern 
or  Icelandic  nes,  the  parent  of  the  Dan.  nces,  and 
the  Ang.-Sax.  nese  and  nces,  signifying  "  a  neck 
of  land,  or  promontory."  From  this  nes  came, 
naturally  enough,  the  old  northern  naos  or  rids, 
whence  the  Dan.  ncese,  the  Germ,  nase  ;  the  Ang.- 
Sax.  nase,  ncese,  nose ;  the  Norman-Fr.  naz,  and 
Su.-Goth.  naese  (in  Al.  and  Sansc.  nasa,  and  in 
Gall,  nes) ;  the  Latin  nasus,  and  Eng.  nose,  or  nase  as 
it  is  spelt  by  Gower  in  his  Conf.  Am.  b.  v.,  "  Both 
at  mouth  and  at  nase"  Closely  akin  to  the  same 
word,  and  probably  derived  from  an  identical 
source,  is  the  old  northern  nef,  whence  were 
formed  the  Vulg.-Isl.  nebbi,  the  Dan.  neb,  and  the 
Ang.-Sax.  nebbe  and  neb  (in  Pers.  anef,  in  C. 
Tscherh.  ep,  in  Curd,  defiri),  the  beak  or  bill,  the 
neb  or  nib  of  a  bird ;  and  also  used  of  the  pro- 
minent feature  of  the  human  face  divine,  to  which 
the  term  is  applied  by  Shakspeare  and  Bacon,  as 
it  is  occasionally  at  the  present  day  by  the  older 
inhabitants  of  the  Yorkshire  dales. 

Thus  have  we  the  origin  of  our  nase,  -nese, 
-ness,  -nib,  -nab,  &c.,  which  are  found  in  the  com- 
position of  many  of  our  local  proper  names  ;  but, 
after  looking  over  the  foregoing  paragraph,  .who 
can  tell  whether  these  forms  were  transported  to 
our  shores  in  a  Saxon,  Jutish,  Anglic,  or  Danish 
bark  ?  WM.  MATTHEWS. 

Cowgill. 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


523 


The  Termination  "-%."  —  Having  gone  over  the 
remaining  letters  H  to  Z,  I  send  you  the  following 
results  : 

94,  in  former  list   65   Total  159 


Lincoln 

York    - 

Leicester 

Norfolk 

Notts 

Cumberland  - 

Lancaster 

Westmoreland 

Warwick 

Northampton 

Suffolk 

Essex      (Kirby-le- 

Soken)       - 
Chester  (  West  Kir- 

by  or  Kirkby)    - 
Pembroke  (Tenby) 


41 

22 

13 

9 

9 

6 

5 

3 

3 

3 


24 
21 
6 
2 
7 
2 
3 
0 
9 
O 


Derby  2       „         2 

Sussex  1       „          1 

T42  353 

I  leave  this  for  the  study  of  others.  B.  H.  C. 

As  B.  H.  C.  could  only  find  seven  places  in 
Cumberland  ending  in  -by,  I  take  the  liberty  of 
sending  him  a  few  additional  names.  Writing 
from  memory,  I  may  very  possibly  have  omitted 
many  more : 


Aglionby. 

Allonby. 

Alwardby. 

Arcleby. 

Birkby. 

Botcherby. 

Corby. 

Crosby. 

Cross  Cannonby. 

Dovenby. 

Etterby. 

Flimby. 

Gamelsby. 

Glassonby. 

Harby. 

Harraby. 

Ireby. 

Johnby. 

Langwathby. 

Lazonby. 


Maughanby. 
Melmerby. 
Moresby. 
Motherby. 
Netherby. 
Ormesby. 
Ousby. 
Outerby. 
Par  son  by. 
Ponsonby. 
Rickerby. 
Scaleby. 
Scotby. 
Sowerby. 
Tarraby. 
Thursby. 
Uckmanby. 

Uprightby,  pronounced 
Heaverby. 


^Many  names  of  places  in  Cumberland  commence 
with  Cum,  as  our  Cumbrian  bard  has  it : 

"  We've  Cumwhitton,  Cumwhinton,  Cumranton, 

Cumrangen,  Cumrew,  and  Cumcatch  ; 
Wi'  mony  mair  Cams  i'  the  county, 
But  nane  wi'  Cumdivock  can  match." 

From  whence  is  derived  the  prefix  Cum  ? 

JOHN  o'  THE  FORD. 
Malta. 


NEWSPAPER  POLK  LORE. 

(Vol.  vi.,  pp.  221.  338.  466. ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  29.  84. 
276.) 

Is  it  quite  certain  that  "  no  animal  can  live  in 
the  alimentary  canal  but  the  parasites  which  belong 
to  that  part  of  the  animal  economy?"  Being 
ignorant  of  the  matter  I  give  no  opinion,  but  would 
bring  before  your  readers'  notice  the  following 
seemingly  well- authenticated  instance.  I  quote 
from  Insect  Transformations,  1830,  p.  239.,  a  work 
put  forth  by  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful 
Knowledge. 

"  That  insects  are,  in  some  rare  cases,  introduced  into 
the  human  stomach,  has  been  more  than  once  proved, 
though  the  greater  number  of  the  accounts  of  such  facts 
in  medical  books  are  too  inaccurate  to  be  trusted.* 
But  one  extraordinary  case  has  been  completely 
authenticated,  both  by  medical  men  and  competent 
naturalists,  and  is  published  in  the  Dublin  Transactions, 
by  Dr.  Pickells  of  Cork.f  Mary  Riordan,  aged  twenty- 
eight,  had  been  much  affected  by  the  death  of  her  mother, 
and  at  one  of  her  many  visits  to  the  grave  seems  to  have 
partially  lost  her  senses,  having  been  found  lying  there 
on  the  morning  of  a  winter's  day,  and  having  been  ex- 
posed to  heavy  rain  during  the  night.  When  she  was 
about  fifteen,  two  popular  Catholic  priests  had  died, 
and  she  was  told  by  some  old  women  that  if  she 
would  drink  daily,  for  a  certain  time,  a  quantity  of 
water  mixed  with  clay  taken  from  their  graves,  she 
would  be  for  ever  secure  from  disease  and  sin.  Follow  - 
ing  this  absurd  and  disgusting  prescription,  she  took 
from  time  to  time  large  quantities  of  the  draught ;  some 
time  afterwards,  being  affected  with  a  burning  pain  in 
the  stomach  (cardialgia),  she  began  to  eat  large  pieces 
of  chalk,  which  she  sometimes  also  mixed  with  water 
and  drank. 

"  Now,  whether  in  any  or  in  all  these  draughts  she 
swallowed  the  eggs  of  insects,  cannot  be  affirmed  ;  but 
for  several  years  she  continued  to  throw  up  incredible 
numbers  of  grubs  and  maggots,  chiefly  of  the  church- 
yard beetle  (Blaps  mortisaga}.  '  Of  the  larvae  of  the 
beetle,'  says  Dr.  Pickells,  '  I  am  sure  I  considerably 
underrate,  when  I  say  that  not  less  than  700  have  been 
thrown  up  from  the  stomach  at  different  times  since  the 
commencement  of  my  attendance.  A  great  proportion 
were  destroyed  by  herself  to  avoid  publicity  ;  many,  too, 
escaped  immediately  by  running  into  holes  in  the  floor. 
Upwards  of  ninety  were  submitted  to  Dr.  Thomson's 
examination  ;  nearly  all  of  which,  including  two  of  the 
specimens  of  the  meal-worm  (  Tenebrio  molitor},  I  saw 
myself  thrown  up  at  different  times.  The  average  size 
was  about  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length,  and  four  lines 
and  a  half  in  girth.  The  larvae  of  the  dipterous  insect, 
though  voided  only  about  seven  or  eight  times,  accord- 
ing to  her  account,  came  up  almost  literally  in  myriads. 
They  were  alive  and  moving.'  Altogether,  Dr.  Pickells 
saw  nearly  2,000  grubs  of  the  beetle,  and  there  were 

*  See  Good's  Nosologia,  Helminthia  Alvi,  and  Study 
of  Medicine,  vol.  i.  p.  336. 

f  Trans,  of  Assoc.  Phys.  in  Ireland,  vols.  iv.  via.  and 
v.  p.  177.  8vo:  Dublin,  1824-1828. 


524 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  240. 


many  which  he  did  not  see.  Mr.  Clear,  an  intelligent 
entomologist  of  Cork,  kept  some  of  them  alive  for  more 
than  twelvemonths.  Mr.  S.  Cooper  cannot  understand 
whence  the  continued  supply  of  the  grubs  was  provided, 
seeing  that  larvae  do  not  propagate,  and  that  only  one 
pupa  and  one  perfect  insect  were  voided*  ;  but  the 
simple  fact,  that  most  beetles  live  several  years  in  the 
«tate  of  larvEE,  sufficiently  accounts  for  this.  Their 
existing  and  thriving  in  the  stomach,  too,  will  appear 
the  less  wonderful  from  the  fact  that  it  is  exceedingly 
difficult  to  kill  this  insect;  for  Mr.  Henry  Baker  re- 
peatedly plunged  one  into  spirits  of  wine,  so  fatal  to 
most  insects,  but  it  revived,  even  after  being  immersed 
a  whole  night,  and  afterwards  lived  three  years. •(• 

"  That  there  was  no  deception  on  the  part  of  the 
woman,  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  she  was  always 
anxious  to  conceal  the  circumstance;  and'.that  it  was 
•only  by  accident  that  the  medical  gentlemen,  Drs. 
Pickells,  Herrick,  and  Thomson,  discovered  it.  More- 
over, it  does  not  appear  that,  though  poor,  she  ever  took 
advantage  of  it  to  extort  money.  It  is  interesting  to 
learn  that,  by  means  of  turpentine  in  large  doses,  she 
was  at  length  cured." 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Bottesford  Moors,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 


VENTILATION. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  415.) 
"  Airs  from  heaven  or  blasts  from  hell." 

The  mistake  which,  it  is  very  respectfully 
submitted,  the  professed  ventilationists  fall  into, 
and  which  may  be  considered  the  fans  et  origo 
malorum,  is  the  notion  that  foul  air  rises  upwards, 
and  that  pure  air  comes  from  below ;  which  is  just 
the  reverse  of  the  fact. 

In  any  room  containing  animals  or  vegetables, 
the  air  undergoes  a  change  by  respiration. 

Leaving  the  vegetables  to  care  for  themselves, 
and  considering  the  animals,  if  such  a  title  may  be 
reverently  given  to  members  of  the  House  and 
others  shut  up  in  confined  apartments  for  the 
benefit  of  their  species,  it  is  obvious  that  the  pure 
air  of  heaven  must  undergo  a  change  by  the  re- 
spiratory organs  of  the  members,  which  change  is 
absolutely  necessary  to  preserve  their  lives,  and 
each  such  apartment  is  a  manufactory  for  con* 
verting  pure  into  foul  air.  Its  steam-power  is 
seated  in  the  lungs,  which,  at  each  inspiration, 
take  up  the  oxygen  (the  principle  of  life  and 
flame)  of  the  air,  and  at  each  expiration  give  out 
the  carbon  of  the  blood,  conveyed  by  the  veins 
from  all  parts  of  the  body  as  refuse,  and  when 
purged  therefrom  by  oxygen  inspired,  convert 
the  venous  blood  into  arterial,  and  bring  life  out 
of  death. 

*  Cooper's  edition  of  Good's  Study  of  Medicine,  vol.  i. 
p.  358. 

f  Philosophical  Transactions,  No.  457. 


What,  then,  becomes  of  the  expired  carbon? 
The  professional  ventilationists  say  it  ascends,  and 
they  provide  mechanically,  but  not  scientifically, 
accordingly.  On  the  contrary,  it  finally  descends ; 
and  this  is  the  reason  why  our  beds  are  always  a 
few  feet  above  the  floor.  If  proof  is  needed,  it 
may  be  found  by  applying  a  candle  to  the  door, 
slightly  ajar,  of  a  room  occupied  by  a  few  persons, 
when  it  will  be  found  that  the  flame  of  the  candle 
will  point,  when  held  at  the  lower  part  of  the 
door,  outwards,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  door 
inwards,  showing  how  the  currents  of  air  pass  ; 
and  as  every  one  knows  carbon  to  be  heavier  than 
air,  the  lower  current  is  the  one  charged  with 
carbon.  The  Grotto  del  Cane  derives  its  name 
from  the  fact,  that  a  dog  passing  the  stream  of 
carbon  issuing  from  the  fissure  in  the  rock,  dies ; 
whilst  a  man  walking  erect,  with  his  mouth  above 
the  stream  of  carbon,  escapes.  Our  lime-kilns 
furnish  a  common  example  of  the  fact  of  the 
density  of  carbon  compared  with  atmospheric  air. 
Experiments  in  proof  are  constantly  exhibited  in 
chemical  lectures. 

The  practical  inference,  experto  crede,  is  that 
holes  in  the  skirting-boards  should  be  made  so  as 
to  draw  off  the  foul  air,  whilst  the  angelic  visits  of 
pure  air  should  be  sought  from  above.  Bellows, 
such  as  are  used  in  diving-bells,  with  hot  or  cold 
air,  might  be  necessary  in  an  extreme  case  —  long 
debates  in  the  Commons,  for  example,  —  which 
may  require  extraordinary  ventilation. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

History  of  Photographic  Discovery.  —  Without  en- 
tirely agreeing  with  the  opinion  expressed  to  us  a 
few  days  since,  by  an  eminent  scholar  and  most  ori- 
ginal thinker,  that  photography  was  destined  to  change 
the  face  of  the  whole  world  ;  we  have  little  doubt 
it  is  destined  to  produce  some  striking  social  effects. 
Its  history  is,  therefore,  an  interesting  one,  and  the 
following  extract  from  a  paper  "  On  some  early  Ex- 
periments in  Photography,  being  the  substance  of  a 
Letter  addressed  to  Robert  Hunt,  Esq.,  by  the  Rev, 
J.  B.  Reade,  M.  A.,  F.R.S.,"  from  the  Philosophical 
Magazine  for  May,  1 854,  seems,  in  that  point  of  view, 
so  important,  that  we  have  transferred  it  to  "N.  &  Q." 

"  I  may  assume  that  you  are  already  aware,  from  my 
letter  to  Mr.  Brayley  of  March  9,  1839,  and  published 
in  the  British  Review  for  August,  1  847,  that  the  prin- 
cipal agents  I  employed,  before  Mr.  Talbot's  processes 
were  known,  were  infusion  of  galls  as  an  accelerator, 
and  hyposulphite  of  soda  as  a  fixer. 

"  I  have  no  doubt,  though  I  have  not  a  distinct  re- 
collection of  the  fact,  that  I  was  led  to  use  the  infusion 
of  galls  from  my  knowledge  of  the  early  experiments 
by  Wedgwood.  I  was  aware  that  he  found  leather 
more  sensitive  than  paper;  and  it  is  highly  probable 
that  the  tanning  process,  which  might  cause  the  silver 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


525 


solution  to  be  more  readily  acted  upon  when  applied 
to  the  leather,  suggested  my  application  of  the  tanning 
solution  to  paper. 

"  In  your  own  history  of  the  photographic  process," 
says  Mr.  licade,  addressing  Mr.  Hunt,  "you  say,  'the 
discovery  of  the   extraordinary  property  of  the  gallic 
acid  in  increasing  the  sensihility  of  the  iodide  of  silver 
was  the  most  valuable  of  the  numerous   contributions 
which   Mr.  Talbot  has  made  to  the  photographic  art.' 
It  is  nevertheless  true,  as  stated  by  Sir  David  Brewster, 
that  'the  first  public  use  of  the  infusion  of  nut-galls, 
which  is  an   essential  element  in  Mr.  Talbot's  patented 
process,  is  due  to  Mr.  Reade ; '  and  in  my  letter  to  Mr. 
Brayley  I  attribute  the   sensitiveness  of  my  process  to 
the  formation  of  a  gallate  or  tannate  of  silver.      I  need 
scarcely  say,  that  among   various  experiments  I  tried 
gallic   and  tannic  acid  in  their   pure   state,  both   sepa- 
rately and  mixed  ;    but  the  colour  of  the  pictures  thus 
obtained  with  the  solar  microscope  was  at  that  time  less 
pleasing  to  my  eye,  than  the  rich  warm  tone  which  the 
same  acids  produced  when  in  their  natural  connexion 
with   solutions  of  vegetable   matter  in    the   gall-nut. 
This  organic  combination,  however,  was  more  effective 
with  the  solar  microscope  than  with  the  camera,  though 
the  lenses  of  my  camera  were  five  inches  in  diameter.   It 
is  probable  enough  that  the  richer  tone  was  due  to  the 
greater  energy  of  direct  solar  rays.      In  using  the  solar 
microscope,  I  employed  a  combination  of  lenses  which 
produced  a  convergence  of  the  luminous  and  photogenic 
rays,  together  with  a  dispersion  of  the  calorific  rays, 
and  the  consequent  absence  of  all  sensible  heat  enabled 
me  to  use  Ross's  cemented  powers,  and  to  make  draw- 
ings of  objects  inclosed  in  Canada  balsam,  and  of  living 
animalcules  in  single  drops  of  water.      The  method  I 
employed  was  communicated  to  the  Royal  Society  in 
December,  1836,  and  a  notice  of  it  is  contained  in  the 
*  Abstracts.' 

"  You  inform  me  that  some  persons  doubt  whether 
I  really  obtain  gallate  of  silver  when  using  an  infusion 
of  gall-nuts,  and  that  one  of  Mr.  Talbot's  friends  raises 
the  question.  It  is  sufficient  to  reply,  that  though 
gallic  acid  is  largely  formed  by  a  long  exposure  of  an 
infusion  of  gall-nuts  to  the  atmosphere,  as  first  pro- 
posed by  Scheele,  yet  this  acid  does  exist  in  the  gall- 
nut  in  its  natural  state,  and  in  a  sufficient  quantity  to 
form  gallate  of  silver  as  a  photogenic  agent ;  for  M. 
Deyeux  observes,  that  «  when  heat  is  very  slowly 
applied  to  powdered  gall-nuts,  gallic  acid  sublimes 
from  them,  a  part  of  which,  when  the  process  is  con- 
ducted with  great  care,  appears  in  the  form  of  small 
white  crystals.'  M.  Fiedler  also  obtained  gallic  acid 
by  mixing  together  a  solution  of  gall-nuts  and  pure 
alumina,  which  latter  combines  with  the  tannin  and 
leaves  the  gallic  acid  free  in  the  solution;  and  this 
solution  is  found,  on  experiment,  to  produce  very  ad- 
mirable pictures.  But  what  is  more  to  the  point,  Mr. 
Brayley,  in  explaining  my  process  in  his  lectures,  showed 
experimentally  how  gallate  of  silver  was  formed,  and 
confirmed  my  view  of  the  sensitiveness  of  the  prepara- 
tion. It  is  therefore  certain  that  the  use  of  gallate  of 
silver  as  a  photogenic  agent  had  been  made  public  in 
two  lectures  by  Mr.  Brayley  at  least  two  years  before 
Mr.  Talbot's  patent  was  sealed. 

"  I  employed  hyposulphite  of  soda  as  a  fixer.      Mr. 


Hodgson,  an  able  practical  chemist  at  Apothecaries' 
Hall,  assisted  me  in  the  preparation  of  this  salt,  which 
at  that  time  was  probably  not  be  found,  as  an  article  of 
sale,  in  any  chemist's  shop  in  London.  Sir  John 
Herschel  had  previously  announced  the  peculiar  action 
of  this  preparation  of  soda  on  salts  of  silver,  but  I  be- 
lieve that  I  was  the  first  to  use  it  in  the  processes  of 
photography.  I  also  used  iodide  of  potassium,  as 
appears  from  my  letter,  as  a  fixer,  and  1  employed  it  as 
well  to  form  iodide  of  lead  on  glazed  cards  as  an  ac- 
celerator. Iodide  of  lead  has  of  itself,  as  I  form  it, 
I  considerable  photographic  properties,  and  receives  very 
|  fair  impressions  of  plants,  lace,  and  drawings  when 
j  placed  upon  it,  but  with  the  addition  of  nitrate  of 
I  silver  and  the  infusion  of  galls  the  operation  is  perfect 
and  instantaneous.  Pictures  thus  taken  were  exhibited 
at  the  Royal  Society  before  Mr.  Talbot  proposed  his 
iodized  paper.  The  microscopic  photographs  exhibited 
at  Lord  Northampton's  in  1839  remained  in  his  lord- 
ship's possession.  I  subsequently  made  drawings  of 
sections  of  teeth  ;  and  one  of  them,  a  longitudinal  sec- 
tion of  a  tooth  of  the  Lamna,  was  copied  on  zinc  by 
Mr.  Lens  Aldous  for  Owen's  «  Odontography.'  I  may 
say  this  much  as  to  my  own  approximation  to  an  art, 
which  has  deservedly  and  by  universal  consent  obtained 
the  name  of  Talbotype." 

Photographic  Cautions.  —  Diffused  light  being  one 
of  the  most  common  causes  of  photographic  failures,  I 
beg  to  call  the  attention  of  your  readers  to  the  con- 
struction of  their  cameras.  Working  with  a  friend, 
and  taking  the  same  localities,  using  the  same  paper 
and  chemicals,  his  pictures  have  proved  comparative 
failures,  a  general  browning  pervading  the  whole,  evi- 
dently the  effect  of  light.  Every  inspection  failed  to 
discover  it,  until  the  mode  was  adopted  of  putting  one 
of  the  paper-holders  in  its  position  as  for  taking  a 
picture,  then  removing  the  lens,  and,  with  the  aid  of 
the  focussing-bag,  looking  through  the  hole  where  the 
lens  is  applied,  when  light  became  visible  in  many 
spaces,  entirely  accounting  for  these  failures.  As 
many  such  cameras  are  now  becoming  made  upon  the 
same  sliding  construction,  every  one  should  test  his 
apparatus  before  he  commences,  for  such  a  one  is  en- 
tirely useless.  Lately  also  the  glass  corners  for  col- 
lodion plate-holders  in  the  dark  slides,  have  been  by 
some  makers  replaced  by  a  sort  of  silver  looking  wire, 
but  possessing  little  of  that  metal.  The  most  minute 
portion  of  the  copper  in  this  wire  coming  in  contact 
with  the  excited  collodion,  produces  a  decomposition 
sufficient  to  spoil  any  picture.  These  may  appear 
trivial  things  to  "  make  a  note  of,"  but  as  they  have 
caused  much  vexation  to  one  who  has  had  some  pho- 
tographic experience,  they  may  still  more  perplex  a 
novice ;  and  as  you  have  done  so  much  towards 
making  the  science  plain,  I  hope  you  will  give  them 
space  in  your  forthcoming  Number. 

Lux  IN  CAMERA. 

A  Query  respecting  Collodion. —  I  have  been  making 
some  collodion  by  Mr.  Tery's  process,  and  have  iodized 
it  with  a  very  sensitive  medium.  The  collodion  is 
very  clear  and  properly  diluted.  The  ether  I  used  had 
a  very  powerful  smell  of  sulphur,  and  was  likewise 
very  strong  and  volatile.  I  diluted  it  with  an  equal 


526 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


volume  of  alcohol.  The  ether  was  then  still  very 
strong.  The  cotton  dissolved  freely.  On  mixing  the 
iodizing  medium,  the  colour  of  the  collodion  turns  im- 
mediately to  nearly  a  port-wine  colour,  but  still  re- 
mains very  clear.  I  obtain  a  very  good  film  of  iodide 
of  silver  from  the  bath,  but  cannot  produce  a  picture 
under  five  or  seven  minutes,  whereas  with  the  same 
lens,  and  the  same  iodizing  medium,  viz. 

Alcohol      --_---     8  drms. 

Iodide  of  potassium     -         -         -         -     8  grs. 

Iodide  of  ammonium  -         -         -          -     4  grs. 

Iodide  of  silver  -         -         -          -         -     ^  gr. 

I  have  obtained  beautiful  pictures  in  less  than  one 
second  with  collodion  prepared  by  the  same  (Archer's) 
process.  As  I  have  made  a  quantity  of  it,  and  am  un- 
willing it  should  be  wasted,  I  have  taken  the  liberty 
of  asking  your  opinion  on  the  subject.  Do  you  think 
the  collodion  is  too  new,  or  the  ether  not  good  ?  On 
pouring  the  developing  solution  on  the  plate  (proto- 
sulphate  of  iron),  the  plate  has  the  appearance  of  having 
ink  poured  on  it ;  but  this  appearance  is  removed  on 
the  application  of  the  hyposulphite  of  soda,  and  the 
plate  remains  as  clear  as  when  it  was  taken  from  the 
nitrate  of  silver  bath.  J.  COOK. 

The  Ceroleine  Process.  —  Have  any  of  your  photo- 
graphic correspondents  made  such  experiments  on  the 
ceroleine  process  as  to  enable  them  to  communicate 
the  results  to  "  N.  &  Q,."? 

Is  Mr.  Crooke's  process  for  preserving  the  sensitive- 
ness of  collodion  applicable  to  all  collodions  ?  If  not, 
what  collodion  is  best  suited  for  it  ?  SILEX. 

Mr.  Fox  Talbot's  Patents. — The  injunction  moved 
for  by  Mr.  Fox  Talbot,  as  reported  in  The  Times  of 
Saturday  last,  reminds  us  of  a  Query  which  we  have 
been  sometimes  asked,  and  which  may  just  now  be 
brought  forward  with  advantage,  namely  :  If  Mr. 
Talbot's  patents  extend  to  the  collodion  process,  how 
comes  it  that  the  earliest  practisers  of  the  collodion  art 
had  to  make  their  own  researches?  We  know  one 
skilful  photographer  whose  experiments  were  so  ex- 
tensive before  he  made  any  tolerable  pictures,  that  his 
spoiled  glass  and  cuttings  were  more  than  a  man  could 
lift. 


to 

The  Olympic  Plain  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  270.).— I  have 
iust  seen,  in  examining  the  contents  of  a  Germali 
periodical,  that  in  May,  1853,  a  proposal  was  sub- 
mitted to  the  public  by  Professor  Ross,  of  the 
University  of  Halle,  for  setting  on  foot  a  subscrip- 
tion to  defray  the  expense  of  making  excavations 
in  Olympia,  thus  anticipating,  by  nearly  a  year,  a 
recent  suggestion  to  the  same  effect  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
Professor  Ross  expatiates  at  considerable  length 
(see  Jahrbilcher  fur  Philologie  und  Padagogik,  vol. 
Ixviii.  p.  203.)  on  the  advantages  to  be  derived, 
as  regards  the  arts,  the  literature,  and  the  history 
of  Greece,  from  the  exploration  of  so  celebrated  a 
spot;  but,  notwithstanding  all  his  arguments  and 


eloquence,  the  amount  of  the  subscriptions,  after 
the  lapse  of  nine  months,  only  amounted,  in 
February,  1854,  to  about  38/.  As  this  sum  was 
so  utterly  inadequate  for  the  object  intended,  it 
was  resolved  to  devote  it  to  excavations  in  Mykense. 
Professor  Ross  takes  occasion  to  pay  a  high  tribute 
of  praise  to  Lord  Aberdeen,  for  the  service  ren- 
dered by  his  Lordship  in  discovering  the  treasury 
at  Mykense.  The  facilities  at  Olympia  for  carrying 
on  excavations  are  stated  by  Professor  Ross  to  be 
very  great.  It  is  but  a  few  miles  distant  from  the 
sea,  on  the  banks  of  a  navigable  river,  and  opposite 
to  the  very  populous  island  of  Zante ;  so  that 
workmen,  and  means,  and  helps  of  all  kinds  can 
easily  be  procured.  It  was  intended  to  give  the 
superintendence  of  the  excavations  to  Professor 
Alexander  Rizo  Rangabe,  of  the  University  of 
Athens,  who  was  to  be  supplied  with  an  adequate 
staff  of  artists,  &c.  Whatever  discoveries  might 
be  made,  were  to  become  the  property  of  the  Greek 
nation.  Travellers  were  to  be  permitted  to  visit 
the  excavations  during  their  progress,  and  to  see 
all  that  was  going  on  ;  and  it  was  thought  that  a 
considerable  number  might  be  attracted  to  the 
spot,  as  the  Austrian  steamers  convey  passengers 
weekly  in  three  or  four  days  from  Trieste  to  the 
j  western  coast  of  the  Morea.  J.  MACRAY. 

Encyclopedia  of  Indexes,  or  Table  of  Contents 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  371.). — Your  correspondent  THINKS 
I  TO  MYSELF  inquires  respecting  the  desirableness 
and  practicability  of  forming  an  "  Encyclopedia 
of  Indexes,  or  Tables  of  Contents.1'  It  was  to 
meet  this  want  (which  is  very  commonly  felt) 
that  the  publication  of  the  Cyclopaedia  Biblio- 
graphica  was  undertaken.  The  work  has  met 
your  approval,  and  I  have  the  pleasure  of  an- 
nouncing that  the  volume  will  be  completed  on 
June  1.  I  think  it  will  meet  the  desire  of  your 
correspondent  and  many  others,  who,  "  in  reading 
up  on  any  subject,  wish  to  know  whether  any 
author  treats  upon  it,  without  being  obliged  to 
examine  his  works,  at  a  great  expense  of  time 
and  labour."  JAMES  DARLING. 

"One  New  Year's  Day"  (Vol.  ix.,  p. 467.). — 
The  lines  quoted  by  MR.  SKYRING  are  the  open- 
ing lines  of  an  old  ballad,  entitled  "  Richard  of 
Taunton  Dean,  or  Durable  Dum  Deary."  It  may 
be  found  in  Ancient  Poems,  Ballads,  and  Songs  of 
the  Peasantry  of  England,  edited  (for  the  Percy 
Society)  by  J.  H.  Dixon,  Esq.,  who  says : 

"  This  song  is  very  popular  with  the  country  people 
in  every  part  of  England,  but  more  particularly  so  with 
the  inhabitants  of  Somerset,  Devon,  and  Cornwall. 
There  are  many  different  versions." 

In  the  notes  to  his  volume,  Mr.  Dixon  mentions 
two  Irish  versions  of  this  ballad,  communicated  to 
him  by  T.  C.  Croker,  Esq.,  one  of  which,  entitled 
1  "  Last  New  Year's  Day,"  is  almost  verbatim  with 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


527 


the  English  ballad.     The  other  version  (which  is 
given  by  Mr.  D.)  is  entitled  "  Dicky  of  Bally- 

™*          i»  T     IT     T?     \\r 

man.  J.  K.  K.  W. 

[This  reference  renders  it  unnecessary  to  insert  the 
versions  kindly  supplied  by  E.  L.  H.  and  J.  A.] 

Unregistered  Proverbs  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  235.).  —  The 
following  I  find  among  the  poor  parishioners  of 
Tor-Mohun  in  Devonshire,  and  they  were  new  to 
me.  In  answer  to  some  remarks  of  mine  on  the 
necessary  infirmities  of  old  age,  one  of  them  re- 
plied, "  You  cannot  have  two  forenoons  in  the 
same  day."  And  on  another  occasion,  in  answer 
to  my  saying  that  something  ought  to  be  done,  al- 
though it  was  not,  there  came,  "  Oughts  are  no- 
thino-s  unless  they've  strokes  to  them." 

WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Orange  Blossoms  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  341. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  386.). — I  have  seen  it  stated  that  the  use  of 
these  flowers  at  bridals  was  derived  from  the 
Saracens,  or  at  least  from  the  East,  and  that 
they  were  thus  employed  as  emblems  of  fecundity. 
WM.  ERASER,  B.C.L. 

Peculiar  Use  of  the  Word  "Pure"  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  125.).  —  Your  correspondent-  is  evidently  not  a 
Gloucestershire  man.  The  word  pure  is  commonly 
used  in  that  county  to  express  being  in  good 
health.  I  remember  an  amusing  instance,  which 
occurred  many  years  ago.  A  gentleman,  a  friend 
of  mine,  who  resided  in  an  establishment  where 
young  ladies  were  educated,  was  met  one  day  by 
an  honest  farmer  ;  who,  after  inquiring  kindly  for 
his  own  health,  said  with  equal  good  nature  and 
simplicity,  "  I  hope,  Zur,  the  ladies  be  all  pure." 

GLOUCESTRENSIS. 

Worm  in  Boohs  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  412.).  —  ALETHIS 
is  presented  with  the  following  recipe  from  a  very 
curious  old  French  book  of  receipts  and  secrets 
for  everything  connected  with  arts  and  trades. 
Put  some  powdered  colocynth  into  a  phial,  and 
cover  the  mouth  with  parchment  pierced  with 
holes.  With  this  the  books  should  be  powdered, 
and  from  time  to  time  beaten  to  drive  out  the 
powder,  when  the  same  process  must  be  repeated. 

F.  C.  H. 

Chapel  Sunday  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  527.).  —  Not  having 
received  an  answer  to  my  Query  of  the  origin  of 
the  celebration  of  Chapel  Sunday  in  the  Lake 
district,  I  would  venture  a  surmise  which  some 
Cumbrian  antiquary  will  perhaps  correct,  if  wrong. 
I  take  it  to  be  the  day  in  honour  of  the  patron 
saint  of  the  chapel :  and  now,  when  such  festivals 
are  little  observed,  it  has  been  changed  to  the 
nearest  Sunday.  In  this  thinly  populated  district, 
and  where,  from  its  mountainous  and  rugged  cha- 
racter, travelling  before  the  formation  of  the 
present  good  roads  was  neither  agreeable  nor 
(probably)  safe,  "at  chapel"  was  the  only  time 


many  of  the  inhabitants  saw  each  other.  Meeting, 
therefore,  on  so  auspicious  a  day  as  that  of  the 
patron  saint,  might  in  "  merrie  time "  of  old  in- 
duce a  little  festivity.  PRESTONIENSIS. 

Bishop  Inglis  of  Nova  Scotia  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  263.). 
— According  to  a  short  biography  in  the  Docu- 
mentary History  of  New  York,  vol.  iii.  p.  1066.,  this 
prelate  was  born  A.D.  1734.  His  birth-place  is 
not  mentioned.  Some  letters  and  other  writings 
by  him  may  be  found  in  the  fourth  volume  of  the 
same  work.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Gutta  Percha  made  soluble  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  350.).  — 
E.  B.  can  procure  at  any  chemist's  establishment 
a  solution  of  gutta  percha  in  chloroform,  which 
may  answer  the  purpose  required  by  him.  It  is 
used  by  medical  men  as  a  dressing  for  abrasion  in 
the  skin  of  bed-ridden  persons,  and  is  applied  with 
a  camel's- hair  brush.  It  hardens  on  being  ap- 
plied, and  produces  an  artificial  skin,  which  saves 
the  patient  from  farther  suffering  in  the  place  to 
which  it  has  been  applied.  EXPERTO  CREDE. 

Naphtha  will  render  gutta  percha  soluble ;  and 
if  needed  to  be  used  as  a  varnish,  it  is  only  neces- 
sary to  make  a  solution  in  a  closed  vessel,  and 
apply  it  with  a  brush.  The  naphtha  will  evaporate 
and  leave  a  thin  coating  of  firmly- adhering  gutta 
percha  behind.  SHIRLEY  HIBBERD. 

Impe  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.443.  623.).  —  This  epithet 
has  been  much  discussed,  but  I  think  that  no  re- 
ference has  been  made  to  the  following  remark- 
able instances  of  its  application. 

In  the  Beauchamp  Chapel  at  St.  Mary's  War- 
wick is  the  altar-tomb  and  effigy  of  the  infant 
son  of  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  with  a 
long  inscription,  which  begins  : 

"  Heere  resteth  the  body  of  the  noble  impe  Robert 
of  Dudley,  Baronet  of  Denbigh,  sonne  of  Robert, 
Erie  of  Leycester,  nephew  and  heire  unto  Ambrose, 
Erie  of  Warwike." 

In  a  letter  from  Edinburgh,  dated  5th  Novem- 
ber, 1578,  John  Aleyn  to  the  Bishop  of  Carlisle, 
writes  of  "  the  goodly  young  Imp  their  King," 
who  was  afterwards  our  James  I.  ;  and  the  Earl 
of  Shrewsbury  in  1585  writes  of  "  my  wife  and 
her  imps,"  the  lady  being  his  energetic  Countess 
Elizabeth  Hardwick,  widow  of  Sir  William  Ca- 
vendish. (See  Lodge's  Illustrations  of  British 
History •,  vol.  ii.  pp.  135.  275.)  R.  A. 

Melford. 

"  Bothy"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  305.). — For  a  very  com- 
plete account  of  "  the  Bothy  system"  in  Scotland, 
see  the  able  and  interesting  pamphlet  of  the  Rev. 
Harry  Stuart :  Agricultural  Labourers  as  they 
were,  are,  and  should  be  (Black wood). 

W.  C.  TREVELYAN. 


528 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  240. 


Work  on  Ants  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  303.).  —  I  presume 
that  the  work  for  which  2.  inquires  is,  Recherches 
sur  les  Mceurs  des  Fourmis  indigenes,  par  P.  Huber, 
Paris,  1810.*  'AXiefc. 

Dublin. 

Jacobite  Garters  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  586.). — I  have 
lately  seen  a  watch-ribbon,  or  perhaps  garter, 
with  a  Jacobite  inscription  in  white  letters  some- 
what like  that  described  by  E.  L.  J.,  but  only 
about  half  the  length.  The  middle  stripe  was  red 
between  two  blue  ones,  and  yellow  edges ;  there 
was  no  attempt  at  a  plaid.  The  owner  had  no  tra- 
dition about  it,  as  connected  with  any  particular 
incident  in  Prince  Charles'  career.  P.  P. 

"  The  Three  Pigeons  "  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  423.)-  — 
I  think  Washington  Irving,  in  his  Life  of  Gold- 
smith, satisfactorily  explains  the  origin  of  the  song 
in  She  /Stoops  to  Conquer,  which  your  correspon- 
dent G.  TAYLOR  supposes  was  suggested  by  the 
inn  at  Brentford,  mentioned  by  DR.  RIMBAUI/T. 
The  American  biographer  says  that  Goldsmith 
and  his  companion  Bryanton 

"  Got  up  a  country  club  at  the  inn  at  Ballymahon,  of 
which  Goldsmith  soon  became  the  oracle  and  prime 
wit ;  astonishing  his  unlettered  associates  by  his 
learning,  and  being  considered  capital  at  a  song  and 
story.  From  the  rustic  conviviality  'of  the  inn  at 
Ballymahon,  and  the  company  which  used  to  assemble 
there,  it  is  surmised  that  he  took  some  hints  in  after- 
life for  his  picturing  of  Tony  Lumpkin  and  his  asso- 
ciates, '  Dick  Muggins  the  exciseman,  Jack  Slang  the 
horse  doctor,  Little  Aminadab  that  grinds  the  music- 
box,  and  Tom  Twist  that  spins  the  pewter-platter.' 
Nay,  it  is  thought  that  Tony's  drinking-song  at  the 
*  Three  Jolly  Pigeons '  was  but  a  revival  of  one  of  the 
convivial  catches  at  Ballymahon." 

And  the  author  farther  remarks,  that 
"  Though  Goldsmith  ultimately  rose  to  associate  with 
birds  of  a  finer  feather,  his  heart  would  still  yearn  in 
secret  after  the  «  Three  Jolly  Pigeons.'  " 

If  this  be  correct,  as  it  most  likely  is,  the  song 
referred  to,  and  the  scene  it  illustrates,  were  not 
suggested  by  the  inn  at  Brentford.  B.  M. 

Philadelphia. 

The  alehouse  situate  at  Lishoy  in  Ireland,  where 
Goldsmith's  father  was  vicar,  was,  no  doubt,  "The 
Three  Pigeons"  of  She  Stoops  to  Conquer.  There  is 

[*  Our  correspondent  5.  begs  us  to  acknowledge  the 
favour  of  the  communication  of  'AA.ieus,  but  his  inquiry 
*'  on  the  habits  of  ants  "  is  by  an  author,  a  M.  Hauhart, 
and  of  a  much  later  date  than  Huber's.  He  is  in- 
formed it  is  to  be  found  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
University  of  Basle  in  Switzerland,  published  with  this 
title,  Die  Zeitschrift  der  Easier  Hochschule,  1825,  p.  62. ; 
but  he  has  not  been  successful  in  obtaining  a  sight  of 
that  work.] 


a  sketch  of  it  in  the  Tourist's  Handbook  for  Ireland, 
p.  175.  The  author  refers  to  Mr.  John  Forster's 
Life  of  Goldsmith,  which  I  have  not  at  hand. 

THOMPSON  COOPER. 
Cambridge. 

Corporation  Enactments  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  300.). — 
It  is  an  easy,  but  generally  an  unsafe  thing  to 
quote  from  quotations.  ABHBA  should  have  re- 
ferred to  The  Dublin  Penny  Journal,  vol.  i.  p.  226., 
for  his  extracts  from  the  Town  Books  of  the  Cor- 
poration of  Youghal,  co.  Cork  ;  and,  even  then, 
might  have  made  farther  reference  to  Crofton 
Croker's  Researches  in  the  South  of  Ireland,  p.  160., 
whence  the  paragraph  (unacknowledged)  was  in- 
troduced into  The  Dublin  Penny  Journal.  Mr. 
Croker,  moreover,  fell  into  error  with  respect  to 
the  dates  of  these  curious  enactments,  which  were 
long  antecedent  to  1680  and  1703.  I  have  seen 
them  in  the  original  (Book  A),  and  vouch  for  the 
accuracy  of  the  subjoined  : 

"  161 3-14.  Thomas  Geoffry  made  a  freeman  (being 
a  barber),  on  condition  that  he  should  trim  every 
freeman  for  sixpence  per  ann. 

"  1622.  John  Bayly  made  free,  on  condition  to 
dress  the  dinners  of  the  several  Mayors." 

I  may  give  you  some  farther  extracts  from  a 
MS.  Note  Book  relative  to  this  corporation  at  a 
future  period^  SAMUEL  HAYMAN,  Clk. 

South  Abbey,  Youghal. 

The  Passion  of  our  Lord  dramatised  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  373.).  —  A  drama  on  the  Passion  of  Christ  (the 
first  specimen  of  the  kind  that  has  descended  to 
our  days)  is  attributed  to  St.  Gregory  of  Nazian- 
zum,  but  is  more  probably  the  production  of 
Gregory  of  Antioch  (A.D.  572).  It  is  described 
by  most  of  the  ecclesiastical  writers  :  Tillemont, 
Baillet,  Baronius,  Bellarmin,  Dupin,  Vossius, 
Rivet,  Labbseus,  Ceillier,  Fleury,  &c. 

In  1486,  when  La  Mistere  de  la  Passion,  or  the 
Passion  of  our  Saviour,  was  exhibited  at  Antwerp, 
the  beholders  were  astonished  by  five  different 
scaffolds,  each  having  several  stages  rising  per- 
pendicularly :  paradise  was  the  most  elevated, 
and  it  had  two  stages.  But  even  this  display  was 
eclipsed  by  another  exhibition  of  The  Passion, 
where  no  fewer  than  nine  scaffolds  were  displayed 
to  the  wondering  gaze  of  the  people. 

In  1556,  according  to  Strype  (Life  of  Sir  Thos. 
Pope,  Pref.  p.  vii.),  the  Passion  of  Christ  was  re- 
presented at  the  Grey  Friers  in  London,  on  Cor- 
pus Christi  Day,  before  the  Lord  Mayor,  the 
Privy  Council,  and  many  great  persons  of  the 
realm.  Again,  the  same  historian  informs  us 
{Ecclesiastical  Memorials,  iii.  c.  xlix.)  under  the 
date  1557  : 

"  The  Passion  of  Christ  was  acted  at  the  Grey 
Friers  on  the  day  that  war  was  proclaimed  against 
France,  and  in  honour  of  that  occasion." 


JUNE  3.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


529 


It  is  generally  considered  that  the  last  miracle 
piny  represented  in  England  was  that  ^of  Christ's 
Passion,  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  which  Prynne 
informs  us  was  — 

"  Performed  at  Elie  House  in  Holborne,  when  Gon- 
domar  lay  there,  on  Good  Friday  at  night,  at  which 
there  were  thousands  present." 

Busby's  idea,  "  that  the  manner  of  reciting  and 
sinking  in  the  theatres  formed  the  original  model 
of  the^Church  service,"  is  as  absurd  as  it  is  un- 
tenable. EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 

It  is  said  that  Apollonarius  of  Laodicea  (A.D. 
362),  and  Gregory  of  Nazianzum  riot  much  later, 
dramatised  our  Lord's  Passion.  Many,  however, 
regard  the  Christus  Fattens,  ascribed  to  Gre- 
gory, as  spurious.  The  Passion  of  our  Lord  was 
represented  in  the  Coliseum  at  Rome  as  much  as 
six  centuries  ago.  The  subject  was  a  favourite 
one  in  Italy.  In  France,  "  The  Fraternity  of  the 
Passion  of  our  Saviour"  received  letters  patent 
from  Charles  VI.  in  1402.  Their  object  was  to 
perform  moralities  or  mysteries,  i.  e.  plays  on 
sacred  subjects.  In  1486,  the  Chapter  of  the 
Church  at  Lyons  gave  sixty  livres  to  those  who 
had  played  the  mystery  of  the  Passion  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  In  1518,  Francis  I.  confirmed 
by  letters  patent  the  privileges  of  the  Confreres 
de  la  Passion  :  one  of  their  pieces,  reprinted  in 
1541,  is  entitled  Le  Mystere  de  la  Passion  de  N. 
S.  J.  C.  The  same  subject  was  common  in  Spain 
and  Germany.  In  England  the  Coventry  mys- 
teries, &c.  partook  of  the  same  character.  The 
Cotton  MS.  (Vespasian,  b.  viii.)  and  the  Chester 
"VVhitsun  plays  (Harleian  MS.  2013.)  would  pro- 
bably afford  information  which  I  cannot  now  give. 
So  late  as  1640,  Sandys  wrote  a  tragedy,  on  a 
plan  furnished  by  Grotius,  upon  Christ's  Passion. 
A  little  research  would  give  H.  P.  a  number  of 
similar  facts.  B.  H.  C. 

If  your  correspondent  wishes  for  authority  for 
the  fact  of  our  blessed  Lord's  Passion  being 
dramatised,  he  will  find  an  example  in  Gregor. 
Naz.,  the  editio  princ.  of  which  I  have  before  me, 
entitled  Xpicros  Trdcrx^v,  Rom.  1542.  J.  C.  J. 

See  the  true  account  and  explanation  of  the 
service  of  the  Passion,  in  Cardinal  Wiseman's  Lec- 
tures on  the  Offices  of  Holy  Week,  1854,  8vo.,  Dol- 
man. W.  B.  T. 

Hare/man's  Account  of  Waterloo  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  176.  355.).  —  Lieutenant  Samuel  Hardman 
was  present  with  the  7th  Hussars  at  the  cavalry 
actions  of  Sahagun  (Dec.  21,  1808)  and  Bene- 
vente  (Dec.  29,  1808),  previous  to  his  appoint- 
ment, May  19,  1813,  as  Cornet,  Royal  Waggon 
Train,  "  from  serjeant-major,  7th  Light  Dra- 
goons." I  was  in  error  in  stating  that  he  was 
appointed  "  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  Dec.  15, 


1814,  in  the  10th  Hussars,  in  ivhich  he  had  com- 
menced his  military  career"  The  10th  and  15th 
Hussars  were  in  action  at  Sahagun  and  Bene- 
vente,  but  Mr.  Hardman  never  served  in  the 
10th  Hussars  until  December  1814. 

Query,  Why  is  Sahagun  not  to  be  found  on 
the  appointments  of  the  10th  Hussars,  as  well  as 
on  those  of  the  15th  Hussars,  as  both  regiments 
were  engaged  with  the  enemy  on  that  occasion  ? 

G.L.S. 

Aristotle  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  373.).  —  See  Aristotle's 
Ethics,  bk.  v.  ch.  iv.  B.  H.  C. 

Papyrus  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  222.).— If  R.  H.  means 
the  growing  plant,  it  is  to  be  found  in  most  bota- 
nical gardens.  P.  P. 

Bell  at  Rouen  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  448. ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  233.).  — A  portion  of  the  great  George  d'Am- 
bois  is  preserved  in  the  Museum  of  Antiquities  at 
Rouen,  where  I  saw  it  four  years  ago.  CPL. 

Word-minting  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  151.  335.).— Your 
correspondent  J.  A.  H.  cannot  have  seen  Richard- 
son's Dictionary,  where  he  will  find  the  word  de- 
rangement, in  the  sense  of  madness,  illustrated  by 
an  instance  from  Paley,  Evidences,  prop.  2.  CPL,. 

Coleridge's  Christabel  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  206.  292.  ; 
Vol.  viii.,  pp.  11.  111.;  Vol.  ix.,  p.  455.).  —My 
Query  relative  to  Christabel  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  292.) 
seems  to  have  been  lost  sight  of,  and  has  not  as 
yet  received  a  reply.  Will  you  kindly  permit  me 
to  renew  it  ? 

In  the  European  Magazine  for  April,  1815, 
there  appeared  a  poem  entitled  "  Christobell :  a 
Gothic  tale.  Written  as  a  sequel  to  a  beautiful 
legend  of  a  fair  lady  and  her  father,  deceived  by  a 
witch  in  the  guise  of  a  noble  knight's  daughter." 
It  is  dated  "  March,  1815,"  and  signed  "V.,"  and 
was  reprinted  in  Eraser's  Magazine  for  January, 
1835.  It  commences  thus  : 

"  Whence  comes  the  wavering  light  which  falls 
On  Langdale's  lonely  Chapel-walls? 
The  noble  mother  of  Christobell 
Lies  in  that  lone  and  drear  chapelle." 

Query,  What  is  known  of  the  history  and  author- 
ship of  this  poem  ? 

It  will  be  observed  from  the  dates,  that  the 
sequel  appeared  in  print  before  Christabel  was 
published  by  Coleridge.  J.  M,  B. 

GarricKs  Funeral  Epigram  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  619.). 
—  Bishop  Home  was,  I  believe,  the  author  of 
these  verses ;  at  least  I  have  seen  them  in  a 
volume  published  by  him,  entitled  (I  think)  Mis- 
cellanies :  and  I  think  they  are  stated  to  be  his  in 
Jones'  Life  of  Home.  But  I  have  neither  work 
at  this  moment  before'  me  to  refer  to. 

GEO.  E.  FRERE. 

Roydon  Hall,  Diss. 


530 


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[No.  240. 


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Lent. 

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Clergy  at  his  Fourth  Triennial  Visitation.     1701. 
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to 

We  have  this  week  omitted  our  NOTES  ON  BOOKS  to  make 
room  for  the  many  REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  waiting  fur  in- 
sertion. 


T.  W.  will  find  the  line  — 

"  Men  are  but  children  of  a  larger  growth  " — 
in  Drydcn's  All  for  Love,  Act  IV.  Sc.  1. 

A.  Has  our  Correspondent  consulted  the  Rev.  J.  Blunt'f 
Vestiges  of  Ancient  Customs  and  Manners  in  Modern  Italy  and 
Sicily,  8vo.  1823  ? 

H.  EDWARDS.  The  epithet  referred  to  is  an  obvious  corruption 
oj  an  extremely  coarse  one,  formerly  applied  to  all  who  refused 
to  wear  the  oak-apple  on  the  Wth  of  May. 

TOM  KING.  Monsieur  Tonson  was  written  by  the  late  John 
Taylor,  the  well-known  editor  of  The  Sun,  and  will  be  found  in 
the  collection  of  his  poems. 

LOCCAN.  Batman,  from  Fr.  bat,  hence  corrupted  into  bawman, 
an  officer  s  servant. 

I.  R.  R.  Valentine  Schindler,  a  learned  German,  was  born  at 
Oedern,  in  Misnia,  and  became  professor  of  the  Or  rental  languages 

at  Wittemberg,  and  at  Helmstadt,  where  he  died  in  161 1  Rodrigo 

Sanchez  de  Arevalo,  Lot.  Rodericus  Sanctius,  a  learned  Spanish 
prelate,  was  born  in  1404.  He  was  successively  promoted  to  the 
bishoprics  of  Zamora,  Calahorra,  and  Palencia.  He  died  in 

W.  S.,  A  TOPOGRAPHER,  AND  P.  B.  For  a  person  to  be  eligible 
to  the  "  Antiquarian  Photographic  Club,"  he  must  be  a  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  or  Antiquarian  Societies,  or  a  member  of  the  Royal  In- 
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Photographers  are  admitted,  who  join  the  excursions,  and  are 
required  to  furnish  the  notes,  historical  and  literary,  of  the  spots 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


531 


•\TYLO-  IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

A.  tographic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  T)een  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

CAUTION.  — Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP:  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  the  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MAI^L,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Phototrrauhic  Chemicals-  find  maybe  procured  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  Is.,  2s., 
and  £ r.6c/ "each  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67- St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdou  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


rpo  PHOTOGRAPHERS,  DA- 

[  GTTERREOTYPISTS,  &c.  —Instanta- 
neous Collodion  (or  Collodio-Iodide  Silver). 
Solution  for  Iodizing  Collodion.  Pyrogallic, 
Gallic,  and  Glacial  Acetic  Acids,  and  every 
Pure  Chemical  required  in  the  Practice  of 
Phot'  graphy,  prepared  by  WILLIAM  BOL- 
TON,  Operative  and  Photographic  Chemist, 
146.  Ilolborn  Bars.  Wholesale  Dealer  in  every 
kind  of  Photographic  Papers, Lenses,  Cameras, 
and  Apparatus,  and  Importer  of  French  and 
German  Lenses,  &c.  Catalogues  by  Post  on 
receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps.  Sets  of  Ap- 
paratus from  Three  Guineas. 

/COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  ;  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  length- 
ened period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
tail unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 
Quire. 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 

Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 


BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.— 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
ID DION.- J.  B.  HOCKTN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
i.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Neirative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

SITIVK    PAPER    PROCESS.       By    J.   B. 
HOCKIN.   Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2d. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 


TWO 


POUNDS 


1  for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED   AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting _  falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6d. ;  double  size,  4s.  6c7. ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small;  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is. ;  Boxes,  2s.  6cZ.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,    30.  Westmorland   Street; ; 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;   BEWLEY 


. 

&    EVANS,   Dublin  ;    GOULDING 
Patrick   Street,   Cork;    BARRY,   9.    Main 


108. 


Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street  ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  :  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


pHUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

\J  SAFES  AND  LOCKS.  —  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb's  locks,  with  all  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


A  LLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

jt3L  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 

Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


BENNETT'S  MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION, No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
all  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas .  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold . 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers, 2l.,3L, and tl.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 

H.  E.  Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 

Trustees. 
W.Whateley,Esq.,Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq. ; 


T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbndge,Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.—  Messrs.  Cocks,  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 
VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100Z..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits  :  — 


£  s.  d. 

-  1  14    4 


22  - 
27- 


Age  £  s.  d. 

32  -  -  -  2  10    8 

37-  -  -  2  18    6 

42  -  -  -  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6d.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


532 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  240. 


Tlus  Day,  with  Woodcuts,  fcp.  8vo.,  5s. 

HE    OLD    PRINTER     AND 


the  im 
LITE 

Also,  by  the  same  Author,  2  vols.  fcp.  8vo.,  10s 

ONCE  UPON  A  TIME. 

"The  old  bees  die,  the  young  possess  the 
hive."  —  Shakspeare. 

"  They  relate  to  all  manner  of  topics — old 
folks,  old  manners,  old  books  ;  and  take  them 
all  in  all,  they  make  up  as  charming  a  pair  oi 
volumes  as  we  have  seen  for  many  a  long 
day."  —  Frasar's  Magazine. 

"'  Once  upon  a  Time'  is  worth  possessing."— 
Examiner. 

"  This  varied,  pleasant,  and  informing  col- 
lection of  Essays."— Spectator. 

"Mr.  Charles  Knight's  entertaining  little 
work  is  full  of  various  knowledge  agreeably 
told."—  Quarterly  Review. 

"  This  pleasant  gallery  of  popular  antiqua- 
rianism."  —  John  Bull. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


MURRAY'S 


Now  ready,  2  vols.  fcap.  8vo.,  8s. 

T7SSAYS      FROM      "THE 

C/  TIMES  : "  Being  a  Selection  from  the 
Literary  Papers  which  have  appeared  in  that 
Journal,  reprinted  by  permission. 

CONTENTS : 

Vol.  I. 

Nelson  and  Lady  Hamilton. 
Railway  Novels. 
Louis-Philippe  and  his  Family. 
John  Howard. 

Drama  of  the  French  Revolution. 
Lord  Holland's  Reminiscences. 
Robert  Southey. 

Dean  Swift  —  Stella  and  Vanessa. 
Reminiscences  of  Coleridge. 
John  Keats. 

Grote's  History  of  Greece. 
Literature  of  the  Rail. 

Vol.  II. 
Lord  Coke. 

Discoveries  at  Nineveh. 
Lord  Mansfield. 
Lion  Hunting  in  Africa. 
Jeremy  Taylor. 

Lord  Clarendon  and  his  Friends. 
John  Sterling. 

Autobiography  of  a  Chartist. 
Americans  in  England. 
Francis  Chantrey. 
Career  of  Lord  Langdale. 
Afghanistan. 
The  Greek  Revolution. 
Dickens  and  Thackeray. 
***  Each  Volume  may  be  had  separately. 
JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


NEW  WORK    BY  SIR   DAVID    BREW- 

STER. 
This  Day,  fcp.  8vo.,  6s. 

MORE  WORLDS  THAN  ONE ; 
the  CREKD   of  the  PHILOSOPHER 
and  the  HOPE  of  the  CHRISTIAN.    By  SIR 
DAVID  BREWSTER. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


NEW  WORK  BY  DEAN  MILMAN. 
Now  ready,  Vols.  I.  to  III.,  8vo.,  36s. 

TTISTORY  OF  LATIN  CHRTS- 

IJL  TIANITY,  including  that  of  THE 
POPES  to  the  PONTIFICATE  of  NI- 
CHOLAS V.  By  HENRY  HART  MIL- 
MAN,  D.D.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


ART  AND  ARTISTS  IN  ENGLAND. 
Now  ready,  3  vols.  8vo.,  36s. 

HPHE    TREASURES   OF   ART 

JL  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN.  Being  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Chief  Collections  of  Paintings 
Sculptures,  MSS.,  &c.,  in  this  Country.  By 
DR.  WAAGEN,  Director  of  the  Koyal  Gal- 
lery of  Pictures  at  Berlin. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle  Street. 


Now  ready,  in  fancy  boards,  price  2s.  Gd. 
cloth,  elegant,  3s. 

ORR'S     CIRCLE     OF      THE 
SCIENCES.    Volume  I. 

CONTAINING  : 
Introductory  Treatise :  on  the  Nature,  Con- 
nexion, and  Uses  of  the  Great  Departments 
of  Human  Knowledue.    By  the  Editor. 
Physiology   of  Animal   and  Vegetable   Life. 

By  the  Editor. 

Principal  Forms  of  the  Skeleton.  —  Principal 
Forms  and  Structures  of  the  Teeth.  By 
Professor  Owen. 

Varieties  of  the  Human  Species.    By  Robert 
Gordon  Latham,  M.D.,  F.R.S. 
Copious  Explanatory  and  Glossarial  Index, 
&c.,  and  upwards  of  400  highly  finished  En- 
gravings. 

London  :  WM.  S.  ORR  &  CO.,  Amen  Corner. 


In  small  8vo.,  price  2s.  6d.,  cloth,  elegant, 

TTOUSEHOLD         MEDICINE 

XI  AND  SURGERY,  SICK-ROOM  MA- 
NAGEMENT, AND  DIET  FOR  INVALIDS. 

Being  the  First  Volume  of  ORR'S  HOUSE- 
HOLD HANDBOOKS  :  a  Series  of  Works  in- 
tended to  impart  plain  and  practical  inform- 
ation on  subjects  connected  with  the  comforts 
and  refinements  of  home. 

London  :  WM.  S.  ORR  &  CO.,  Amen  Corner. 


NEW  ILLUSTRATED  JOURNAL. 
Published  Weekly,  price  Ijrf.,  or  2jd.  Stamped. 

HE      CRYSTAL      PALACE 

AND  PARK.  A  complete  Account  of 
the  Crystal  Palace  and  its  objects,  with  nu- 
merous Illustrations  from  Photographs,  by 
M.  DELAMOTTE,  will  be  given  in 

THE  HOME   COMPANTOXJ, 

No.  XXIV., 

Which  will  be  a  DOUBLE    NUMBER    (32 
Pages),  without  increase  of  price. 

As  none  will  be  printed  beyond  the  usual 
number,  unless  ordered  previous  to  the  day  of 
publication,  immediate  orders  should  be  given 
to  any  Bookseller. 

London  :  WM.  S.  ORR  &  CO.,  Amen  Corner. 


THE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGA- 
ZINE    and    HISTORICAL   REVIEW 
or  JUNE,  contains  the  following  articles  :  — 
.  Leaves  from  a  Russian  Parterre.    2.  History 
if  Latin  Christianity.    3.  Our  Lady  of  Mont- 
serrat.    4.  Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie.    5.  Man- 
on  of  the  Dennis  Family  at  Pucklechurch, 
•ith  an  Illustration^ ,  6.  The  Revocation  of  the 
3dict  of  Nantes.    Correspondence  of  Sylvanus 
Jrban :   A    Plea    for    the    threatened    City 
Churches  — The   British   Museum   Library  — 
The  late  Master  of  Sherburn  Hospital  —  Ori- 
rinal    Letter    and    Anecdotes    of    Admiral 
Vernon,  &c.    With  Notes  of  the  Month,  His- 
;orical  and  Miscellaneous  Reviews,  Reports  of 
Antiquarian  and  Literary  Societies,  Historical 
Chronicle,  and  OBITUARY,  including  Memoirs 
of  the  Duke  of  Parma,  the  Marquis  of  Angle- 
ey,  the  Earl  of  Lichfleld,  Lord  Colborne,  Lord 
^ockburn,   John  Davies   Gilbert,  Esq.,  T.  P. 
lalsey,  Esq.,  Alderman  Thompson,  Alderman 
looper,  Dr.  Wardlaw,  Dr.  Collyer,  Professors 
amesou  and  Wilson,  Montgomery  the  Poet, 
&c.  &c.    Price  2s.  6d. 

NICHOLS  &  SONS,  25.  Parliament  Street. 


HER  MAJESTY'S  CONCERT  ROOMS, 
HANOVER  SQUARE. 


THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY 
OP 

PESWLAXE 

Established  1839,  for  the  Relief  of  its  distressed 
Members. 

Patroness:  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty  the 
Queen.  Vice-Patranesges:  Her  Royal  High- 
ness the  Duchess  of  Kent,  Her  Royal  Highness 
the  Duchess  of  Cambridge. 

On  WEDNESDAY  EVENING,  JUNE  14, 
1851.  will  be  performed,  for  the  Benefit  of  this 
Institution.  A  MISCELLANEOUS  CON- 
CERT of  Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music. 

Vocal  Performers  —  Miss  Birch,  Miss  Dolby, 
Miss  Pyne,  Miss  Helen  Taylor,  Mrs.  Noble, 
and  Miss  Louisa  Pyne.  Madame  Persian!* 
Madame  Caradori,  Madame  Thcrese  Tanda, 
and  Madame  Clara  Novello.  Signor  Gardoni, 
Mr.  II.  R.  Allen,  Mr.  Lawler,  and  Signor  Bel- 
letti. 

In  the  Course  of  the  Concert,  the  Gentlemen 
of  the  Abbey  Glee  Club  will  sing  two  fa- 
vourite Glees. 

Instrumentalists  —  Pianoforte,  M.  Kmile  Pru- 
dent ;  Violin,  M.  Remenyi  :  Violoncello, 
M.  Van  Gelder.  Solo  Violoncellist  to  His  Ma- 
jesty the  King  of  Holland. 

THE  BAND  will  be  complete  in  every  De- 
partment. —  Conductor,  Mr.  W.  Sterndale 
Bennett. 

The  Doors  will  be  opened  at  Seven  o'Clock, 
and  the  Concert  will  commence  at  Eight  pre- 
cisely. 

Tickets,  Half-a-Guinea  each.  Reserved 
Seats,  One  Guinea  each.  An  Honorary  Sub-, 
scriber  of  One  Guinea  annually,  or  of  Tea 
Guineas  at  One  Payment  (which  shall  be  con- 
sidered a  Life  Subscription),  will  be  entitled  to 
Two  Tickets  of  Admission,  or  One  for  a  Re- 
served Seat,  to  every  Benefit  Concert  given  by 
the  Society.  Donations  and  Subscriptions  will 
be  thankfully  received,  and  Tickets  delivered, 
by  the  Secretary, 

MR.  J.  W.  HOLLAND,  13.  Macclesfield  St., 
Scho  ;  and  at  all  the  Principal  Music-sellers. 


AN  ENGLISH  GENTLEMAN, 
well  acquainted  with  French  and 
German,  and  of  some  experience  in  translating, 
is  desirous  of  employing  his  leisure  time  in  the 
translation  of  some  popular  work  from  either 
of  those  languages  into  English. 

Address,  MR.  BURTON,  H.  W.  WHITE'S, 
ESQ.,  Leutram  House,  Inverness. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

.  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
tfS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  DucSe  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  1 15.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.   ALLSOPP    &    SONS    tak°   the 
opportunity   of    announcing    to   PRIVATE 
FAMILIES   that    their    ALES,   so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
;  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
ENUINE  from   all   the   most  RESPECT- 
ABLE   LICENSED    VICTUALLERS,    ou 
'  ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE  "  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
m  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefleld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
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City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  136.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.— Saturday,  June  3.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-C03IOTNICATION 


FOR 


LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 


found,  xnaka  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  241.] 


SATURDAY,  JUNE  10.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 

1  Stamped  Edition,  5<f. 


CONTENTS. 

NOTES:-  Page 

Stone  Pillar  Worship         -  -  -    535 

Somersetshire  Folk  Lore  -  -    536 

Irish  Records,  by  James  F.  Ferguson    -    536 
Derivation  of  Curious  Botanic  Names, 
and     Ancient    Italian    Kalydor,    by 
Dr.  Hughes  Fraser  Halle          -          -    537 
MINOR  NOTES:  —  Forensic  Jocularities 
_  Ridley's  University-  Marvellous,  if 
true  -  Progress  of  the  War  —  Hather- 
lei'.:h  Moor,  Devonshire  —  Cromwellian 
Gloves-Restall  -          -          -    538 

QUERIES  :— 

Sepulchral  Monuments     -  533 

"EsTu  Scolaris"  -  -  -540 

On  a   Digest  of  Critical   Readings  in 

Shakspeare,  by  J.  O.  Halliwell  -    540 

MINOR   QUERIES:  —  "Original  Poems" 

—  A  Bristol  Compliment  —  French  or 
Flemish  Arms  —  Precedence  —  "  20^17  " 

—  Print  of  the  Dublin  Volunteers  — 
John    Ogden  —  Columbarium     in    a 
Church   Tower  —  George    Herbert  — 
Apparition  which  preceded  the  Tire  of 
London  —  Holy  Thursday  Bain-  water 

—  Freemasonry    -  541 
MINOR      QUERIES     WITH      ANSWFUS  :  — 

Lewis's  "Memoirs  of  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester"  —  Apocryphal  Works  — 
Mirabeau,  Talleyrand,  and  Fouche  — 
"  The  Turks  in  Europe,"  and  "  Austria 
as  It  Is  "_"  Forgive,  blest  Shade" 

—  "  Off  with  his  head,"  &c.  —  "  Peter 
Wilkins  "  _  The  Barmecides'  Feast 

—  Captain  -  -  -  -    542 


C:  icrHge's  unpublished  Manuscripts,  bv 

Joseph  Henry  Green       - 
King  James's  Irish  Army  List,  168!)       - 
BarreU'a  Regiment;  - 

i'obucco-pipes,  by  W.  J.  Beruhard 
.!  -  -  -  - 

e  de  Stael    -  -  -  - 

Criinmer's  Martyrdom       - 

Pn"TfH;KApHic      CORRESPONDENCE  :     _ 

•-.iltics  in  making  soluble  Cotton 

•  Cameras  _  Cameras  _Pro- 

of  Photography  —  A  Collodion 

.  !  ty  —  Ferricyanide  of  Potassium 

«TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Postage 

v  df  the  Romans  —  Epigram  on 

l,n'    i-r-.ids  between  Handel  and  Bo- 

nd—Power of  prophesying  before 

Death  —  King    John  —  Demoniacal 

Descent  of  the  Plantagenets  —  Burial 

Service  Tradition  —  Paintings  ot  our 

Saviour   —    Widdrington    Family  — 

Mnthf.v,  a  Cornish  Family—"  rus-Tic," 

deriv.—  Author  of  "  The  Whole 

of  Man  "  —  Table-turning  _ 

:-ee    to  the    Time  of  Alfred  — 

•tion  wanted  —  "Hie  locus  odit, 

t  "—Writings  of  the  Martyr  Brad- 

ford —  Latin  Inscription  on  Lindsey 

•t-house  —  Blanco  White's  Sonnet 

u  labour,"  &c.-Copernieus 

Meols  —  Byron  and  Kocin.- 

.  iiobert   Eden  —  Dates    of 

[in  Elstob—  Corporation  En- 

-        -  -  -  - 


'  *,  &C.  -  - 

i  Volumes  Wanted 

to  Correspondents  - 


Multae  terricolis  lingvue,  coelestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTER 
AND   SONS' 


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534 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241, 


THE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGA- 

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Tales,  printed  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde  ;  a  rare 
assemblage  of  the  very  early  editions  of  the 
Scriptures  in  English,  including  a  remarkably 
fine  copy  of  the  first  edition,  usually  termed 
Coverdale's  Bible,  complete  with  the  exception 
of  two  leaves,  which  are  admirably  supplied  in 
fac-simile  by  Harris,  and  may  be  considered  as 
unique,  it  having  the  original  Map  of  the  Holy 
Land  complete.  Among  other  versions  of  the 
Scripture  may  be  mentioned  the  first  edition 
of  the  New  Testament,  by  Tyndale.  The 
Library  is  also  rich  in  early  English  theology, 
history,  and  particularly  so  in  t!;e  poetry  of 
the  Elizabethan  period,  including  many  of  the 
rarest  volumes  that  have  occurred  for  sale  in 
the  Heber,  Jolley,  Utterson,  and  other  collec- 
tions. Also  the  first  four  folio  editions  of  the 
Works  of  Shakspeare,  the  copy  of  the  first 
edition  being  from  the  library  of  John  Wilks, 
Esq.,  the  finest  copy  ever  sold  by  public  auc- 
tion. Among  other  important  and  valuable 
Works  in  the  collection,  may  be  mentioned  a  re- 
markably choice  and  very  complete  collection 
of  the  Works  of  De  Bry.  Early  Italian  poetry 
and  general  Italian  literature  form  a  feature 
of  the  collection,  many  of  them  being  first 
editions  and  of  considerable  rarity.  t  There  are 
also  many  other  valuable  books  in  general 
literature,  history,  and  topography. 

Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
on  application  ;  if  in  the  Country,  on  the 
Receipt  of  Twelve  Postage  Stamps. 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


535 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  10,  1854. 


STONE    PILLAR    WORSHIP. 

In  Vol.  v.,  p.  121.  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  there  is  an  in- 
teresting note  on  this  subject  by  SIR  J.  EMERSON 
TENNENT,  which  he  concludes  by  observing  that 
"  it  would  be  an  object  of  curious  inquiry,  if  your 
correspondents  could  ascertain  whether  this  (the 
superstitious  veneration  of  the  Irish  people  for  such 
stones)  be  the  last  remnant  of  pillar  worship  now 
remaining  in  Europe."  I  am  able  to  assure  him 
that  it  is  not.  The  province  of  Brittany,  in  France, 
is  thickly  studded  with  stone  pillars,  and  the  his- 
tory and  manners  of  its  people  teem  with  interest- 
ing and  very  curious  traces  of  the  worship  of  them. 
In  fact,  Brittany  and  Breton  antiquities  must  form 
the  principal  field  of  study  for  any  one  who  would 
investigate  or  treat  the  subject  exhaustively. 

A  list  of  the  principal  of  these  pillars  still'  re- 
maining may  be  found  in  the  note  at  p.  77.  of  the 
first  vol.  of  Manet's  Histoire  de  la  Petite  Bretagne : 
St.  Malo,  1834.  But  abundant  notices  of  them 
will  be  met  with  in  any  of  the  numerous  works  on 
the  antiquities  and  topography  of  the  province. 
They  are  there  known  as  "Menhirs,"  from  the 
Celtic  maen,  stone,  and  hirr,  long;  or  "Peulvans," 
frompeul,  pillar,  and  maen  (changed  in  composition 
into  vaeri),  stone.  See  Essai  sur  les  Antiquites  du 
Departement  du  Morbihan,  par  J.  Mahe,  Vannes, 
1825,  where  much  curious  information  on  the  sub- 
ject may  be  found.  This  writer,  as  well  as  the 
Chevalier  de  Freminville,  in  his  Monuments  du 
Morbihan,  Brest,  1834,  p.  16.,  thinks  that  these 
menhirs,  so  abundant  throughout  Brittany,  may  be 
distinguished  into  three  classes  :  1.  Those  intended 
as  sepulchral  monuments  ;  2.  Those  erected  as 
memorials  of  some  great  battle,  or  other  such 
national  event ;  and  3.  Those  intended  to  repre- 
sent the  Deity,  and  which  were  objects  of  worship. 
I  have  little  doubt  that  these  gentlemen  are  correct 
in  the  conclusions  at  which  they  have  arrived  in 
this  respect.  But  it  is  curious  to  find  both  of  them 
— men  unquestionably  of  learning,  and  of  widely 
extended  and  varied  reading  —  considering  the 
poems  of  Ossian  as  indisputably  authentic,  and 
quoting  from  them  largely  as  from  unquestioned 
documents  of  historic  value. 

The  largest  "  menhir"  known  to  be  in  existence 
— if,  indeed,  it  can  still  be  said  to  be  so — is  that  of 
Locmariaker,  a  commune  of  the  department  of 
Morbihan,  a  little  to  the  south  of  Vannes.  This 
vast  stone,  before  it  was  thrown  down  and  broken 
into  four  pieces — its  present  condition — was  fifty- 
eight  French  feet  in  length.  Its  form,  when  entire, 
was  that  of  a  double  cone,  so  that  its  largest 
diameter  was  at  about  the  middle  of  its  length. 
It  has  been  calculated  to  weigh  more  than  four 


hundred  thousand  French  pounds.  In  its  imme- 
diate neighbourhood  is  a  very  large  specimen  of 
the  "Dolmens,"  or  druidical  altars  on  which  victims 
were  sacrificed. 

As  to  the  question  when  the  worship  of  these  stones 
ceased,  my  own  observations  of  the  manners  and 
habits  of  the  people  there,  some  fifteen  years  since, 
would  lead  me  to  say  that  it  had  not  then  ceased. 
No  doubt  such  an  assertion  would  be  indignantly 
repelled  by  the  clergy,  and  perhaps  by  many  of  the 
peasantry  themselves.  The  question,  however,  if 
gone  into,  would  become  a  subtle  one,  turning  on 
another,  as  to  what  is  to  be  deemed  worship.  And 
we  all  know  that  the  tendency  of  unspiritual  minds 
to  idolatry  has  led  the  priesthood  of  Rome  to  insti- 
tute verbal  distinctions  on  this  point,  which  open 
the  door  to  very  much  that  a  plain  unbiassed  man 
must  deem  rank  polytheism.  My  knowledge  of 
the  people  in  Italy  enables  me  to  affirm,  with  the 
most  perfect  certainty,  that  not  only  the  peasantry 
very  generally,  but  many  persons  much  above  that 
rank,  do,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  and  in  the 
fullest  sense  of  the  word,  worship  the  Madonna, 
and  believe  that  there  are  several  separate  and 
wholly  distinct  persons  of  that  name.  And  that 
this  worship  is  often  as  wholly  Pagan  in  its  nature 
as  in  its  object,  is  curiously  proved  by  the  fact, 
which  brings  us  back  again  to  Brittany,  that  in 
many  instances  in  that  province  we  find  chapels 
dedicated  to  "Notre  Dame  de  la  Joye,"  and  "Notre 
Dame  deLiesse,"  which  are  all  built  on  spots  where, 
as  M.  de  Freminville  says  in  his  Antiquites  du 
Finisterre,  p.  106.,  "the  Celts  worshipped  a  divinity 
which  united  the  attributes  of  Cybele  and  Venus." 
And  Souvestre,  in  his  Derniers  Bretons,  vol.  i. 
p.  264.,  tells  us  that  there  still  exists  near  the  town 
of  Treguier,  a  chapel  dedicated  to  Notre  Dame  de 
la  Haine  ;  that  it  would  be  a  mistake  to  suppose 
that  the  people  have  ceased  to  believe  in  a  deity  of 
hate,  and  that  persons  may  still  be  seen  skulking 
thither  to  pray  for  the  gratification  of  their  hatred. 

SIR  J.  EMERSON  TEN.NENT  quotes  a  passage  from 
Borlase,  in  which  he  says,  speaking  of  this  stone- 
worship  among  the  Cornish,  a  people  of  near  kin 
to  the  Armorican  Bretons,  that  it  might  be  traced 
by  the  prohibitions  of  councils  through  the  fifth  and 
sixth,  and  even  into  the  seventh  century.  I  find 
a  council,  held  at  Nantes  in  658,  ordering  that  the 
stones  worshipped  by  the  people  shall  be  removed 
and  put  away  in  places  where  their  worshippers 
cannot  find  them  again  ;  a  precaution  which  the 
history  of  some  of  these  stones  in  Brittany  shows  to 
have  been  by  no  means  superfluous.  But  the  usage 
may  be  traced  by  edicts  seeking  to  restrain  it  to  a 
later  period  than  this.  For  in  the  Capitidaires  of 
Charlemagne  (Lib.  x.  tit.  64.),  he  commands  that 
the  abuse  of  worshipping  stones  shall  be  abolished. 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  however,  that  this  wor- 
ship remained  even  avowedly  to  a  very  much  more 
recent  period  in  Brittany.  "  It  is  well  known," 


538 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


savs  De  Freminville,  in  his  Antiquites  des  Cotes- 
du-Nord,  p.  31.,  "that  idolatry  was  still  exercised 
in  the  Isle  of  Ushant,  and  in  many  parishes  of  the 
diocese  of  Vannes,  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
And  even  at  the  present  day,"  he  adds,  "  how  many 
traces  of  it  do  we  find  in  the  superstitious  beliefs 
of  our  peasants  ! " 

Many  of  these  notions  still  so  prevalent  in  the 
remoter  districts  of  that  remote  province,  seem 
to  point  to  nearly  obliterated  indications  of  a 
connexion  between  these  "  peulvans"  or  pillar- 
stones,  and  the  zodiacal  forms  of  worship,  which  the 
Druids  are  known  to  have,  more  or  less  exoteri- 
cally,  practised.  Thus  it  is  believed  in  many 
localities  that  a  "  menhir  "  in  the  neighbourhood 
turns  on  its  axis  at  midnight.  (Mahe,  Essai  sur  les 
Antiq.  du  Morbihan,  p.  229.)  In  other  cases  the 
peasantry  make  a  practice  of  specially  visiting 
them  on  the  eve  of  St.  John,  i.  e.  at  the  summer 
solstice. 

Various  other  remnants  of  the  ideas  or  practices 
inculcated  by  the  ancient  faith  may  be  traced  in 
usages  and  superstitions  still  prevalent,  and,  with- 
out such  a  key  to  their  explanation,  meaningless. 
With  such  difficulty  did  the  new  supplant  the  old 
religion.  Many  curious  illustrations  may  be  found 
in  Brittany  of  the  means  adopted  by  the  priests  of 
the  new  faith  to  steal,  as  it  were,  for  their  own 
emblems  the  adoration  which  all  their  efforts  were 
ineffectual  to  turn  from  its  ancient  objects,  in  the 
manner  mentioned  by  the  writer  in  the  Arcliceologia, 
cited  by  SIR  J.  E.  TENNENT  in  his  Note.  Thus  we 
find  "  menhirs"  with  crosses  erected  on  their  sum- 
mits, and  sculptured  on  their  sides.  See  Notions 
Historiques,  etc.  sur  le  Littoral  du  Departement  des 
C6tes-du-Nord,  par  M.  Habasque:  St.Brieuc,  1834, 
vol.  iii.  p.  22. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  observe  that  this  worship 
prevailed  also  in  Spain — as,  doubtless,  throughout 
Europe — inasmuch  as  we  find  the  Eleventh  and 
Twelfth  Councils  of  Toledo  warning  those  who 
offered  worship  to  stones,  that  they  were  sacrificing 
to  devils.  T.  A.  T. 

Florence,  March,  1854. 


SOMERSETSHIRE    FOLK    LORE. 

1.  All  texts  heard  in  a  church  to  be  remem- 
bered by  the  congregation,  for  they  must  be  re- 
peated at  the  day  of  judgment. 

2.  If  the  clock  strikes  while  the  text  is  being 
given,  a  death  may  be  expected  in  the  parish. 

3.  A  death  in  the  parish  during  the  Christmas 
tyde,  is  a  token  of  many  deaths  in  the  year.     I 
remember  such  a  circumstance  being  spoken  of  in 
a  village  of  Somerset.    Thirteen  died  in  that  year, 
a  very  unusual  number.     Very  many  attributed 
this  great  loss  of  life  to  the  fact  above  stated. 


4.  When  a  corpse  is  laid  out,  a  plate  of  salt  is 
laid  on  the  chest.     Why,  I  know  not. 

5.  None  can  die  comfortably  under  the  cross- 
beam of  a  house.     I  knew  a  man  of  whom  it  was 
said   at  his  death,    that  after  many  hours    hard 
dying,  being  removed  from  the  position  under  the 
cross-beam,  he  departed  peaceably.     I  cannot  ac- 
count for  the  origin  of  this  saying. 

6.  Ticks  in  the   oak-beams  of  old  houses,  or 
death-watches  so  called,  warn  the  inhabitants  of 
that  dwelling  of  some  misfortune. 

7.  Coffin-rings,  when  dug  out  of  a  grave,  are 
worn  to  keep  off  the  cramp. 

8.  Water  from  the  font  is  good  for  ague  and 
rheumatism. 

9.  No  moon,  in  its  change,  ought  to  be  seen 
through  a  window. 

10.  Turn  your    money   on   hearing   the    first 
cuckoo. 

11.  The  cattle  low  and  kneel  on  Christmas  eve. 

12.  Should  a  corpse  be  ever  carried  through 
any 'path,  &c.,  that  path  cannot  be  done  away  with. 
For  cases,  see  Wales,  Somerset,  Bampton,  Devon. 

13.  On  the  highest  mound  of  the   hill  above 
Weston-super-Mare,  is  a  heap  of  stones,  to  which 
every  fisherman  in  his  daily  walk  to  Sand  Bay, 
Kewstoke,  contributes  one  towards  his  day's  good 
fishing.  f 

14.  Smothering    hydrophobia    patients   is   still 
spoken  of  in  Somerset  as  so  practised. 

15.  Origin   of  the   saying   "  I'll   send   you    to 
Jamaica."     Did  it  not  take  its  source  from  the 
unjudge-like  sentence  of  Judge  Jeffries  to  those 
who  suffered  without  sufficient  evidence,  for  their 
friendly  disposition  towards  the  Duke  of  Mori- 
mouth  :  "  To  be  sent to  the  plantations 

of  Jamaica  ? "     Many  innocent  persons  were  so 
cruelly  treated  in  Somerset. 

16.  The  nurse  who  brings  the  infant  to  be  bap- 
tized bestows  upon  the  first  person  she  meets  on 
her  way  to  the  church  whatever  bread  and  cheese 
she  can  offer,  i.  e.,  according  to  the  condition  of 
the  parents. 

17.  In  Devonshire  it  is  thought  unlucky  not  to 
catch  the  first  butterfly. 

18.  Mackerel  not  in  season  till  the  lesson  of  the 
23rd  and  24th  of  Numbers  is  read  in  church.     I 
cannot  account  for  this  saying.      A  better  autho- 
rity could  have  been  laid  down  for  the  remember- 
ing of  such  like  incidents.     You  may  almost  form 
a  notion  yourself  without  any  help.     The  common 
saying  is,  Mackerel  is  in  season  when  Balaam's  ass 
speaks  in  church.  M.  A.  BALLIOL. 


IRISH    RECORDS. 


It  not  unfrequently  happens  that  ancient  deeds 
and  such  like  instruments  executed  in  England, 
and  relating  to  English  families  or  property,  are 


JUXE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


537 


to  be  found  on  record  upon  the  rolls  of  Ireland. 
The  following  transcripts  have  been  taken  from 
the  Memoranda  Roll  of  the  Irish  Exchequer  of 
the  first  year  of  Edward  II. : 

"  Noverint  universi  me  Johannem  de  Doveria  Rec- 
torem  Ecclesie  de  Litlington  Lyncolnensis  Dyocesis 
recepisse  in  Hibernia  nomine  domini  Robert!  de  B*r- 
delby  clerici  subscriptas  particulas  pecunie  per  manus 
subscriptoruin,  videlicet,  per  manus  Johannis  de  Ides- 
sale  dimid'  marc'.  Item  per  manus  Thome  de  Kancia 
5  marc'.  Item  per  manus  Ade  CofFyn  2  marc'.  Item 
per  manus  mercatorum  Friscobaldorum  10  libri  una 
vice  et  alia  vice  per  manus  eorundem  mercatorum  100% 
fratre  Andr'  de  Donscapel  de  ordine  minorum  inedi- 
ante.  Item  per  manus  Johannis  de  Seleby  29s.  Item 
de  eodem  Johanne  alia  vice  2  marc'  et  dimid'.  Item 
per  rnanus  ejusdem  Johannis  tertia  vice  tres  marc'  et 
dimid'.  Item  per  dominum  Willielmurn  de  Estden 
per  manus  Ricardi  de  Onyng  100s.  Et  per  manus 
domini  Johannis  de  Hothom  pro  negociis  domini  \Val- 
teri  de  la  Haye  centum  solid?  De  quibus  particulis 
pecunie  memorate  predictum  dominum  Robertum  de 
Bardelby  et  ejus  executores  quoscumque  per  presentes 
quieto  imperpetuum.  Ita  tamen  quod  si  alia  littera 
acquietancie  ab  ista  littera  de  dictis  particulis  pecunie 
inveniatur  de  cetero  alicubi  pro  nulla  cassa  cancellata 
irrita  et  majus  imperpetuum  habeatur.  In  cujus  rei 
testimonium  sigillum  meum  presentibus  apposui. 
Datum  apud  Dublin',  28  die  February,  anno  regni 
regis  Edwardi  primo."—  Rot.  Mem.  1  Edvv.  II.  m.  12. 
dorso. 

"  A  toutz  ceaux  q'  ceste  p'sente  1're  verrount  ou  or- 
rount  Rauf de  Mounthermer  salutz  en  Dieu  —  Sachez 
nous  avoir  ordeine  estably  e  assigne  'n're  foial  et  loial 
Mons'  Waut'  Bluet  e  dan  Waut'  de  la  More,  ou  lun  de 
eaux,  si  ambedeux  estre  ne  point,  de  vendre  e  n're  p'fit 
fere  de  totes  les  gardes  e  mariages  es  parties  Dirlaunde 
q'  escheierent  en  n're  temps,  e  de  totes  autres  choses  q'  a 
nous  apartenet  de  droit  en  celes  p'ties,  e  qcunque  eaux 
ferount  pr  n're  prou,  co'me  est  susdit,  teignoms  apaez 
e  ferme  e  estable  lavoms.  En  tesmoigne  de  quele  chose 
a  ceste  n're  1're  patente  avoms  mys  n're  seal.  Don'  a 
Tacstede  le  qu't  jour  de  Octobr  Ian  du  regne  le  Rey 
Edward  p'mer." — Rot.  Mem.  1  Edvv.  II.  m.  17. 

"  Ilogerus  Calkeyn  de  Gothurste  salutem  in  Domino 
Sempiternavn.  Noveritis  me  remisisse  et  quietum  cla- 
masse  pro  me  et  heredibus  meis  Johanni  de  Yaneworth 
heredibus  suis  et  assignatis,  totum  jus  et  clameu  quod 
habui  vel  aliquo  modo  habere  potui,  in  tenemento  de 
Gothurste  in  dominio  de  Cheddeworth.  Ita  quod  nee 
ego  nee  heredes  mei  nee  aliquis  nomine  nostro,  aliquid 
juris  vel  clamei  in  praedicto  tenemento  habere  vendicare 
poterimus  imperpetuum.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium 
huic  present!  scripto  sigillum  meum  apposui.  Hiis 
testibus,  Magistro  Waltero  de  Istelep  tune  Barone 
domini  Regis  de  Scaccario  Dublin',  Thoma  de  Yane- 
worth, Rogero  de  Glen,  Roberto  de  Bristoll,  Roberto 
scriptore,  et  aliis." — Rot.  Mem.  1  Edw.  II.  m.30. 

JAMES  F.  FERGUSON. 
Dublin. 


DERIVATION    OF    CURIOUS    BOTANIC    NAMES,    AND 
ANCIENT    ITALIAN    KALYDOR. 

The  generic  name  of  the  fern  Ceterach  offi- 
cinarum  is  generally  said  to  be  derived  from  the 
Arabic  Chetherak.  I  find  however,  among  a  list 
of  ancient  British  names  of  plants,  published  in 
1633  at  the  end  of  Johnson's  edition  of  Gerard, 
the  expression  cedor  y  wrack,  which  means  the 
joined  or  double  rake,  and  is  exactly  significant  of 
the  form  of  the  Ceterach.  The  Fernrakes  are 
joined  as  it  were  back  to  back ;  but  the  single 
prongs  of  the  one  alternate  botanically  with  those 
of  the  other.  Master  Robert  Dauyes,  of  Guis- 
saney  in  Flintshire,  the  correspondent  of  John- 
son, gives  the  name  of  another  of  the  Filices 
(Equisetuni)  as  the  English  equivalent  of  the 
ancient  British  term.  But  the  form  of  this  plant 
does  not  at  all  correspond  to  that  signified  by  the 
Celtic  words.  It  is  not  improbable,  therefore, 
that  he  was  wrong  as  respects  the  correct  English 
name  of  the  plant. 

The  Turkish  shetr  or  chetr,  to  cut,  and  warak,  a 
leaf,  seem  to  point  out  the  meaning  of  the  Arabic 
term  quoted  in  Hooker's  Flora  and  elsewhere. 
Probably  some  of  your  Oriental  readers  will  have, 
the  kindness  to  supply  the  exact  English  for  che- 
tlierak. 

It  appears  to  me,  however,  that  the  transition 
from  cedorwrach  to  ceterach  is  more  easy,  and  is  a 
more  probable  derivation. 

Hooker  and  Loudon  say  that  another  generic 
name,  Veronica,  is  of  doubtful  origin.  In  the 
Arabic  language  I  find  virunika  as  the  name  of  a 
plant.  This  word  is  evidently  composed  of  nikoo, 
beautiful,  and  viroo,  remembrance  ;  viroonika 
therefore  means  beautiful  remembrance,  and  is 
but  an  Oriental  name  for  a  Forget-me-not,  for 
which  flower  the  Veronica  chamcedrys  has  often 
been  mistaken.  Possibly  the  name  may  have 
come  to  us  from  the  Spanish-Arabian  vocabulary. 
The  Spaniards  call  the  same  plant  veronica.  They 
use  this  word  to  signify  the  representation  of  our 
Saviour's  face  on  a  handkerchief.  When  Christ 
was  bearing  his  cross,  a  young  woman,  the  legend 
says,  wiped  his  face  with  her  handkerchief,  which 
thenceforth  retained  the  divine  likeness.* 

The  feminine  name  Veronica  is  of  course  the 
Latin  form  of  (p^pov'tny,  victory-bearer  (of  which 
Berenice  is  the  Macedonian  and  Latin  construc- 
tion), and  is  plainly,  thus  derived,  inappropriate 
as  the  designation  of  a  little  azure  wild  flower 
which,  like  loving  eyes,  greets  us  everywhere. 

In  looking  over  Martin  MatheVs  notes  on  Dios- 
corides,  published  1553,  I  find  that  Italian  women 
of  his  time  used  to  make  a  cosmetic  of  the  root  of 
the  Arum,  commonly  called  "  Lords  and  Ladies." 
The  mixture,  he  says,  makes  the  skin  wondrously 


[*  See  "  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.vi.,  pp.  199.  25?.  304.] 


538 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  241. 


white  and  shining,  and  is  called  gersa.  ("  Us  font 
des  ratines  (TAron  de  Veaue  et  de  lexive"  &c.,  torn.  v. 
p.  98.)  HUGHES  FRASER  HALLE,  LL.D. 

South  Lambeth. 


Forensic  Jocularities.  —  The  epigram  on  "Four 
Lawyers,"  given  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  103.  of  "N.  &  Q.," 
has  recalled  to  my  recollection  one  intended  to 
characterise  four  worthies  of  the  past  generation, 
which  I  heard  some  thirty  years  since,  and  which 
I  send  for  preservation  among  other  flies  in  your 
amber.  It  is  supposed  to  record  the  history  of  a 
case : 

«  Mr.  Leech 

Made  a  speech, 
Neat,  concise,  and  strong ; 
Mr.  Hart, 
On  the  other  part, 
Was  wordy,  dull,  and  wrong. 
Mr.  Parker 
Made  it  darker ; 
'Twas  dark  enough  without. 
Mr.  Cooke, 
Cited  his  book ; 
And  the  Chancellor  said  — I  doubt." 

—  a  picture  of  Chancery  practice  "in  the  days 
"  when  George  III.  was  king,"  which  some  future 
Macaulay  of  the  twenty-first  or  twenty-second 
century,  when  seeking  to  reproduce  in  his  vivid 
pages  the  form  and  pressure  of  the  time,  may  cite 
from  "  N.  &  Q."  without  risk  of  leading  his  readers 
to  any  very  inaccurate  conclusions.  "  T.  A.  T. 
Florence. 

Ridley's  University.  —  The  author  of  The 
Bible  in  many  Tongues  (a  little  work  on  the 
history  of  the  Bible  and  its  translations,  lately 
published  by  the  Religious  Tract  Society,  and 
calculated  to  be  'useful),  informs  us  that  Ridley 
"  tells  us  incidentally,"  in  his  farewell  letter,  that 
he  learned  nearly  the  whole  of  St.  Paul's  Epistles 
"  in  the  course  of  his  solitary  walks  at  Oxford." 
What  Ridley  tells  us  directly  in  his  "Farewell" 
.  to  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge,  is  as  follows : 

"  In  my  orchard  (the  walls,  butts,  and  trees,  if 
they  could  speak,  would  bear  me  witness)  I  learned 
without  book  almost  all  Paul's  Epistles;  yea,  and  I 
ween  all  the  canonical  epistles,  save  only  the  Apoca- 
lypse." 

ABHBA. 

Marvellous,  if  true. — 

"  This  same  Due  de  Lauragnois  had  a  wife  to  whom 
he  was  tenderly  attached.  She  died  of  consumption. 
Her  remains  were  not  interred  ;  but  were,  by  some 
chemical  process,  reduced  to  a  sort  of  small  stone, 
which  was  set  in  a  ring  which  the  Duke  always  wore 
on  his  finger.  After  this,  who  will  say  that  the 


eighteenth  century  was  not  a  romantic  age?" — Memoirs 
of  the  Empress  Josephine,  vol.  ii.  p.  162.  :  London.  1829. 

E.  H.  A. 

Progress  of  the  War.  —  One  is  reminded  at  the 
present  time  of  the  satirical  verses  with  reference 
to  the  slow  progress  of  business  in  the  National 
Assembly  at  the  first  French  Revolution,  which 
were  as  follows : 

"  Une  heure,  deux  heures,  trois  heures,  quatre  heures, 
Cinq  heures,  six  heures,  sept  heures,  midi ; 
Allons-nous  diner,  mes  amis  ! 
Allons-nous,"  &c. 

"  Une  heure,  deux  heures,  trois  heures,  quatre  heures, 
Cinq  heures,  six  heures,  sept  heures,  minuit ; 
Allons-nous  coucher,  c'est  mon  avis  ! 
Allons-nous  coucher,"  &c. 

Which  may  be  thus  imitated  in  our  language  : 
"  One  o'clock,  two  o'clock,  three  o'clock,  four, 

Five  o'clock,  six  o'clock,  seven  o'clock,  eight, 

Nine  o'clock,  ten  o'clock,  eleven  o'clock,  noon ; 

Let's  go  to  dinner,  'tis  none  too  soon  ! 

Let's  go  to  dinner,"  &c. 

"  One  o'clock,  two  o'clock,  three  o'clock,  four, 
Five  o'clock,  six  o'clock,  seven  o'clock,  eight, 
Nine  o'clock,  ten  o'clock,  eleven,  midnight ; 
Let's  go  to  bed,  'tis  all  very  right ! 
Let's  go  to  bed,"  &c. 

F.C.H. 

Hatherleigh  Moor,  Devonshire.  —  I  copy  the 
following  from  an  old  Devonshire  newspaper,  and 
should  be  obliged  if  any  of  your  correspondents 
can  authenticate  the  circumstances  commemo- 
rated : 

"  When  John  O' Gaunt  laid  the  foundation  stone 

Of  the  church  he  built  by  the  river; 
Then  Hatherleigh  was  poor  as  Hatherleigh  Moor, 

And  so  it  had  been  for  ever  and  ever. 
When  John  O'Gaunt  saw  the  people  were  poor, 

He  taught  them  this  chaunt  by  the  river ; 
The  people  are  poor  as  Hatherleigh  Moor, 

And  so  they  have  been  for  ever  and  ever. 
When  John  O'Gaunt  he  made  his  last  will, 

Which  he  penn'd  by  the  side  of  the  river, 
Then  Hatherleigh  Moor  he  gave  to  the  poor, 

And  so  it  shall  be  for  ever  and  ever." 

The  above  lines  are  stated  to  have  been  found 
"  written  in  an  ancient  hand."  BALLIOLENSIS. 

Cromwellian  Gloves. —  The  Cambridge  Chro- 
nicle of  May  6,  says  that  there  is  in  the  possession 
of  Mr.  Chas.  Martin,  of  Fordham,  a  pair  of  gloves, 
reputed  to  have  been  worn  by  Oliver  Cromwell. 
They  are  made  of  strong  beaver,  richly  fringed 
with  heavy  drab  silk  fringe,  and  reach  half  way 
between  the  wrist  and  the  elbow.  They  were  for 
a  long  time  in  the  possession  of  a  family  at  Hun- 
tingdon. There  is  an  inscription  on  the  inside, 
bearing  the  name  of  Cromwell ;  but  the  date  is 
nearly  obliterated,  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


539 


Rsstall.  —  In  the  curious  old  church  book  of  the 
Abbey  Parish,  Shrewsbury,  the  word  restall  occurs 
as  connected  with  burials  in  the  interior  of  the 
church.  I  cannot  find  this  word  in  any  dictionary 
to  which  I  have  access.  Can  the  readers  of  "  N. 
£  Q."  explain  its  meaning  and  origin,  and  supply 
instances  and  illustrations  of  its  use  elsewhere  ?  I 
subjoin  the  following  notes  of  entries  in  which  the 
word  occurs : 
"  1566.  Received  for  restall  and  knyll. 

1577.  Received  for  buryalls  in  the  church,  viz. 

Itm.  for  a  restall  of  Jane  Powell  for  her  grad 
mother,  vijs.  viijcZ." 

1593.  The  word  is  now  altered  to  "lastiall,"  and 
-so  continues  to  be  written  till  April  29,  1621, 
when  it  is  written  "  restiall,"  which  continues  to 
be  its  orthography  until  1645,  when  it  ceases  to 
be  used  altogether,  and  "  burials  in  the  church  " 
are  alone  spoken  of.  PRIOR  KOBERT  or  SALOP. 


SEPULCHRAL    MONUMENTS. 

(Continued  from  p.  514.) 

In  a  previous  communication,  fighting  under 
the  shield  of  a  great  authority,  I  attempted  to 
prove  that  the  effigies  of  the  niediasval  tombs  pre- 
sented the  semblance  of  death  —  death  in  gran- 
deur, mortality  as  the  populace  were  accustomed 
to  behold  it,  paraded  in  sad  procession  through 
the  streets,  and  dignified  in  their  temples.  The 
character  of  the  costume  bears  additional  testi- 
mony to  their  supposed  origin,  and  strongly  war- 
rants this  conclusion.  It  is  highly  improbable  that 
the  statuaries  of  that  age  would  clothe  the  expir- 
ing ecclesiastic  in  his  sacerdotal  robes,  case  the 
dying  warrior  in  complete  steel,  and  deck  out 
other  languishing  mortals  in  their  richest  apparel, 
placing  a  lion  or  a  dog,  and  such  like  crests  or 
emblems,  beneath  their  feet.  They  were  far  too 
matter-of-fact  to  treat  a  death-bed  scene  so  poet- 
ically. The  corpse  however,  when  laid  in  state, 
was  arrayed  in  the  official  or  the  worthiest  dress, 
and  these  heraldic  appurtenances  did  occupy  that 
situation.  Thus  in  1852  were  the  veritable  re- 
mains of  Prince  Paul  of  Wurtemburg,  in  full 
regimentals  and  decorated  with  honours,  publicly 
exhibited  in  the  Chapelle  Ardente  at  Paris  (Il- 
lustrated London  News,  vol.  xx.  p.  316.).  Un- 
imaginative critics  exclaim  loudly  against  the 
anomaly  of  a  lifeless  body,  or  a  dying  Christian, 
being  thus  dressed  in  finery,  or  coyered  with 
cumbrous  armour  ;  and  such  would  have  been  the 
case  in  former  days  had  not  the  people  been  so 
familiarised  with  this  solemn  spectacle.  In  an 
illumination  in  Froissart  we  have  the  funeral  of 
Richard  II.,  where  the  body  is  placed  upon  a 
simple  car  attired  in  regal  robes,  a  crown  being 


on  the  head,  and  the  arms  crossed.  We  are  in- 
formed that  "  the  body  of  the  effigies  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  lay  upon  a  bed  of  state  covered  with  a 
large  pall  of  black  velvet,  and  that  at  the  feet  of 
the  effigies  stood  his  crest,  according  to  the  custom 
I  of  ancient  monuments."  The  chronicler  might, 
perhaps,  have  said  with  more  propriety  "  in  ac- 
cordance with  tradition ; "  cause  and  effect, 
original  and  copy,  being  here  reversed. 

"  In  a  magnificent  manner  (he  proceeds)  the  effigies 
was  carried  to  the  east  end  of  Westminster  Abbey,  and 
placed  in  a  noble  structure,  which  was  raised  on  purpose 
to  receive  it.  It  remained  some  time  exposed  to 
public  view,  the  corpse  having  been  some  days  before 
interred  in  Henry  VII.'s  Chapel." 

In  the  account  of  the  funeral  obsequies  of 
General  Monk,  Duke  of  Albemarle,  in  1670,  the 
writer  says  : 

"  Wren  has  acquitted  himself  so  well,  that  the 
hearse,  now  that  the  effigy  has  been  placed  upon  it, 
and  surrounded  by  the  banners  and  bannerols,  is  a 
striking  and  conspicuous  object  in  the  old  abbey.  It 
is  supported  by  four  great  pillars,  and  rises  in  the 
centre  in  the  shape  of  a  dome." 

It  is  here  also  worthy  of  note,  that  Horncastle 
Church  affords  a  curious  example  of  the  principle 
of  a  double  representation  —  one  in  life,  and  the 
other  in  death ;  before  alluded  to  in  the  Italian 
monuments,  and  in  that  of  Aylmer  de  Valence. 
On  a  mural  brass  (1519),  Sir  Lionel  Dymock 
kneels  in  the  act  of  prayer ;  and  on  another  plate 
covering  the  grave  below,  the  body  is  delineated 
wrapt  in  a  shroud — beyond  all  controversy  dead. 

Mr.  Markland,  in  his  useful  work,  mentions 
"  the  steel-clad  sires,  and  mothers  mild  reposing 
on  their  marble  tombs  ;"  and  borrows  from  ano- 
ther archaeologist  an  admirable  description  of  the 
chapel  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  who  declares  that 
"a  more  august  spectacle  can  hardly  be  con- 
ceived, so  many  renowned  sovereigns  sleeping 
round  the  shrine  of  an  older  sovereign,  the  holiest 
of  his  line."  It  can  only  be  the  sleep  of  death, 
and  this  the  sentiment  conveyed  :  "  These  all  died 
in  faith."  The  subjects  of  this  disquisition  are 
not  lounging  in  disrespectful  supplication,  nor 
wrapt  in  sleep  enjoying  pious  dreams,  nor  stretched 
on  a  bed  of  mortal  sickness :  but  the  soul,  having 
winged  its  way  from  sin  and  suffering,  has  left  its 
tenement  with  the  beams  of  hope  yet  lingering  on 
the  face,  and  the  holy  hands  still  refusing  to  relax 
their  final  effort.  Impossible  as  this  may  seem  to 
calculating  minds,  it  is  nevertheless  one  of  the 
commonest  of  the  authorised  and  customary  modes 
designed  to  signify  the  faith,  penitence,  and  peace 
attendant  on  a  happy  end.  C.  T. 


540 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


"  ES    TU    SCOLARIS. 

Allow  me  through  your  pages  to  ask  some  of 
your  correspondents  for  information  respecting  an 
old  and  very  curious  book,  which  I  picked  up  the 
other  day.  It  is  a  thin  unpaged  octavo  of  twelve 
leaves,  in  black-letter  type,  without  printer's 
name  or  date ;  but  a  pencil-note  at  the  bottom 
of  a  quaint  woodcut,  representing  a  teacher  and 
scholars,  gives  a  date  1470 !  And  in  style  of 
type,  abbreviations,  &c.,  it  seems  evidently  of 
about  the  same  age  with  another  book  which  I 
bought  at  the  same  time,  and  which  bears  date  as 
printed  at  "  Padua,  1484." 

The  book  about  which  I  inquire  bears  the  title 
Es  tu  Scolaris,  and  is  a  Latin-German  or  Dutch 
grammar,  of  a  most  curious  and  primitive  cha- 
racter, proving  very  manifestly  that  when  William 
Lilly  gave  to  the  world  the  old  Powle's  Grammar, 
it  was  not  before  such  a  work  was  needed.  A  few 
extracts  from  my  book  will  give  some  idea  of 
the  erudition  and  etymological  profundity  of  the 
*'  learned  Theban  "  who  compiled  this  guide  to  the 
Temple  of  Learning,  which,  if  they  do  not  instruct, 
will  certainly  amuse  your  readers.  I  should  pre- 
mise that  the  contractions  and  abbreviations  in 
the  printing  of  the  book  are  so  numerous  and 
arbitrary,  that  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  read, 
and  that  this  style  of  printing  condenses  the 
subject-matter  so  much,  that  the  twelve  leaves 
would,  in  modern  typography,  extend  to  twenty 
or  thirty.  The  book  commences  in  the  interro- 
gatory style,  in  the  words  of  its  title,  Es  tu  Sco- 
laris ?  —  "  Sum"  It  then  proceeds  to  ring  the 
changes  on  this  word  " sum"  what  part  of  speech, 
what  kind  of  verb,  &c. ;  and  setting  it  down  as 
verlum  anormalium,  goes  on  to  enumerate  the 
anormalous  verbs  in  this  verse,  — 

"  Sum,  volo,  fero,  atque  edo, 
Tot  et  anormala  credo." 

!N"ow  begins  the  curious  lore  of  the  volume  : 
"  Q.    Unde  derivatur  sum  9 

A.  Derivatur  a  greca  dictione,  hemi  (e^ut) ;  mutando 
h  in  s  et  e  in  u,  et  deponendo  i,  sic  habes  sum  !  " 

I  dare  say  this  process  of  derivation  will  be  new 
to  your  classical  readers,  but  as  we  proceed,  they, 
will  say,  "  Foregad  this  is  more  exquisite  fooling 
still." 

"  Q.   Unde  derivatur  volo  ? 

A.  Derivatur  a  beniamin  (sic  pro  ^ouAo/uai)  grece ; 
mutando  ben  in  vo  et  iamin  in  lo,  sic  habes  volo.  Versus 

Est  volo  formatum 

A  beniamin,  bene  vocatum. 

Q.   Unde  derivatur  fero  ? 

A.  Dicitur  a  phoos  !  grece ;  mutando  pho  in  fe  et 
os  in  ro,  sic  habes  fero  ! 

Q.    Unde  derivatur  edo  ? 

A.  A  phagin,  grece ;  mutando  pha  in  e  et  gin  in 
do,  sic  habes  edo  !  " 


Here  be  news  for  etymologists,  and  proofs, 
moreover,  that  when  some  of  the  zealous  an- 
tagonists of  Martin  Luther  in  the  next  century 
denounced  "  Heathen  Greek  "  as  a  diabolical  in- 
vention of  his,  there  was  little  in  the  grammar 
knowledge  of  the  day  to  contradict  the  accusation. 

But  we  have  not  yet  exhausted  the  wonders  and 
virtues  of  the  word  sum;  the  grammar  lesson  goes 
on  to  ask,  — 

"  Q.   Quare  sum  non  desinit  in  o  nee  in  or  9 

A.   Ad  habendum,  dfham*  [I  cannot  expand  this 
contraction,  though  from  the  context  it  means  a  mark 
or  token],  dignitatis  sue  respectu  aliorum  verborum. 
Q.    Declara  hoc,  et  quomodo  ? 
A.   Quia  per  sum  intelligitur  Trinitas,  cum  tres. 
haheat   litteras,  scl.  s.  u.  et  m.      Etiara  illud  verbum 
sum,  quamvis  de  omnibus  dici  valeat,  tamen  de  Deo 
et  Trinitate  proprie  dicitur. 

Q.  Quare  sum  potius  terminatur  in  m  quam  in  n  9 
A.    Quia    proprie    m   rursus  intelligitur   Trinitas, 
cum  ilia  littera  m,  tria  habet  puncta." 

I  shall  feel  much  obliged  for  any  particulars 
about  this  literary  curiosity  which  you  or  any  of 
your  correspondents  can  give.  A.  B.  R. 

Belmont. 


ON    A    DIGEST    OF    CRITICAL   READINGS   IN 
SHAKSPEARE. 

With  reference  to  this  subject,  which  has  been 
so  frequently  discussed  in  your  columns,  daily 
experience  convincing  me  still  farther  in  the  opi- 
nion that  the  complete  performance  of  the  task  is 
impracticable,  would  you  kindly  allow  me  to  ask 
what  can  be  done  in  the  now  acknowledged  case 
of  frequent  occurrence,  where  different  copies  of 
the  folios  and  quartos  vary  in  passages  in  the  very 
same  impression  ?  What  copies  are  to  be  taken 
as  the  groundworks  of  reference ;  and  whose  copy 
of  the  first  folio  is  to  be  the  standard  one  ?  Mr. 
Knight  may  give  one  reading  as  that  of  the  edi- 
tion of  1623,  and  Mr.  Singer  may  offer  another 
from  the  same  work,  while  the  author  of  the  "cri- 
tical digest"  may  give  a  third,  and  all  of  them 
correct  in  the  mere  fact  that  such  readings  are 
really  those  of  the  first  edition.  Thus,  in  respect 
to  a  passage  in  Measure  for  Measure, — 

"  For  thy  own  bowels,  which  do  call  thee  sire,'  — 

it  has  been  stated  in  your  columns  that  one  copy 
of  the  second  folio  has  this  correct  reading,  where- 
as every  copy  I  have  met  with  reads  fire ;  and  so 
likewise  the  first  and  third  folios.  Then,  again, 
in  reference  to  this  same  line,  Mr.  Collier,  in  his 
Shakspeare,  vol.  ii.  p.  48.,  says  that  the  folio  edi- 
tion of  1685  also  reads  fire  for  sire ;  but  in  my 
copy  of  the  fourth  folio  it  is  distinctly  printed 
sire,  and  the  comma  before  the  word  very  pro- 


[*  Drnam  stands  for  differentiam.] 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


541 


perly  omitted.     It  would  be  curious  to  ascertain 
whether  any  other  copies  of  this  folio  re&djire. 

J.  O.  HALHWELL. 


"  Original  Poems"  —  There  is  a  volume  of 
poetry  by  a  lady,  published  under  the  following 
title,  Original  Poems,  on  several  occasions,  by 
C.  R.,  4to.,  1769.  Can  you  inform  me  whether 
these  poems  are  likely  to  have  been  written  by 
Miss  Clara  Reeve,  authoress  of  The  Old  English 
Baron,  and  other  novejs  ?  I  have  seen  at  least 
one  specimen  of  this  lady's  poetry  in  one  of  the 
volumes  of  Mr.  Pratt's  Gleaner.  SIGMA. 

A  Bristol  Compliment.  —  A  present  made  of  an 
article  that  you  do  not  care  about  keeping  your- 
self is  called  "  A  Bristol  Compliment."  What  is 
the  origin  of  the  phrase  ? 

HAUGHMOND  ST.  CLAIR. 

French  or  Flemish  Arms.  —  What  family  (pro- 
bably French  or  Flemish)  bears  Azure,  in  chief 
three  mullets  argent;  in  point  a  ducal  coronet 
or  ;  in  base  a  sheep  proper  crowned  with  a  ducal 
coronet  or.  PENN. 

Precedence. — Will  any  of  your  correspondents 
assign  the  order  of  precedence  of  officers  in  army 
or  navy  (having  no  decoration,  knighthood,  or 
companionship  of  any  order  of  knighthood),  not 
as  respects  each  other,  but  as  respects  civilians  ? 
I  apprehend  that  every  commission  is  addressed 
to  the  bearer,  embodying  a  civil  title,  as  e.g.,  "John 
Smith,  Esquire,"  or  as  we  see  ensigns  gazetted, 
"  A.  B.,  Gent."  My  impression  therefore  is,  that 
in  a  mixed  company  of  civilians,  &c.,  no  officer  is 
entitled  to  take  rank  higher  than  the  civil  title  in- 
corporated in  his  commission  would  imply,  apart 
from  his  grade  in  the  service  to  which  he  belongs. 
On  this  point  I  should  be  obliged  by  any  notices 
which  your  correspondents  may  supply ;  as  also 
by  a  classification  in  order  of  precedence  of  the 
ranks  which  I  here  set  down  alphabetically : 
barristers,  doctors  (in  divinity,  law,  medicine), 
esquires,  queen's  counsel,  serjeants-at-law. 

It  may  be  objected  that  esquire,  ecuyer,  ar- 
miger,  is  originally  a  military  title,  but  by  usage 
it  has  been  appropriated  to  civilians. 

SUUM  CUIQUE. 

"^2(^5?;." —  The  meaning  of  this  word  is  wanted. 
b  is  not  in  Stephens'  Thesaurus.     It  occurs  in 
Eichhoff's  Vergleichung  der  Sprachen  Europa  und 
Indies,  p.  234. : 

Sanscrit  Ihid,  schneiden,  brechen  ;  Gr.  <f>ci£a> ;  Lat. 
fido,  findo,  fodio;  Fr.  fends ;  Lithuan.,  fouls;  Deut. 
beisse  ;  Eng.  bite"  [to  which  Kaltschmidt  adds,  beissen, 
speisen,  fasten,  Fuller,  Butter,  Mund,  bitter,  masten, 
feist,  Weide,  Wiese,  Matte]  ;  «  Sans,  bhida,  bhid,  Spal- 


tung,  Faser;  Gr.  ffQiti-fj,  Lat.  fidis;  Sans,  bhittis, 
graben  ;  Lat.  fossa  ;  Sans,  bhaittar,  zerschneider  ;  Lat. 
fossor." 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

Print  of  the  Dublin  Volunteers.  —  Can  any  of 
your  correspondents  inform  me  when,  and  where, 
and  by  whom,  the  well-known  print  of  "  The 
Volunteers  of  the  City  and  County  of  Dublin,  as 
they  met  on  College  Green,  the  4th  day  of  Nov., 
1779,"  was  republished  ?  An  original  copy  is  not 
tasily  procured.  ABHBA. 

John  Ogden.  —  Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
furnish  an  account  of  the  services  rendered  by 
John  Ogden,  Esq.,  to  King  Charles  I.  of  England  ? 
The  following  is  in  the  possession  of  the  inquirer : 

"  Ogden's  Arms,  granted  to  John  Ogden,  Esq.,  by 
King  Charles  II.,  for  his  faithful  services  to  his  un- 
fortunate father,  Charles  I. 

"  'Shield,  Girony  of  eight  pieces,  argent  and  gules  ;  in 
dexter  chief  an  oak  branch,  fructed  ppr. 

"  Crest,  Oak  tree  ppr.  Lion  rampant  against  the 
tree. 

"  Motto,  Et  si  ostendo,  non  jacto." 

OAKDEN. 

Columbarium  in  a  Church  Tower.  —  At  Colling- 
bourne  Ducis,  near  Marlborough,  I  have  been 
told  that  the  interior  of  the  church  tower  was  con- 
structed originally  to  serve  as  a  columbarium. 
Can  this  really  be  the  object  of  the  peculiar  ma- 
sonry, what  is  the  date  of  the  tower,  and  can  a 
similar  instance  be  adduced  ?  It  is  said  that  the 
niches  are  not  formed  merely  by  the  omission  of 
stones,  but  that  they  have  been  carefully  widened 
from  the  opening.  Are  there  any  ledges  for  birds 
to  alight  on,  or  any  peculiar  openings  by  which 
they  might  enter  the  tower  ?  J.  W.  HEWETT. 

George  Herbert. — Will  any  one  of  your  corre- 
spondents, skilled  in  solving  enigmas,  kindly  give 
me  an  exposition  of  this  short  poem  of  George 
Herbert's  ?  It  is  entitled  — 

«  HOPE. 
"  I  gave  to  Hope  a  watch  of  mine ;  but  he 

An  anchor  gave  to  me. 
Then  an  old  prayer-book  I  did  present, 

And  he  an  optic  sent. 
With  that,  I  gave  a  phial  full  of  tears ; 

But  he  a  few  green  ears. 

"Ah,  loiterer  !  I'll  no  more,  no  more  I'll  bring;  ' 
I  did  expect  a  ring." 

G.  D. 

Apparition  which  preceded  the  Fire  of  London. — . 
An  account  of  the  apparition  which  predicted  the 
Great  Fire  of  London  two  months  before  it  took 
place,  or  a  reference  to  the  book  in  which  it  may 
be  found,  will  oblige  IGNIPETUS. 


542 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  241. 


Holy  Thursday  Ram- water.  —  In  the  parish  of 
Marston  St.  Lawrence,  Northamptonshire,  there 
is  a  notion  very  prevalent,  that  rain-water  col- 
lected on  Holy  Thursday  is  of  powerful  efficacy 
in  all  diseases  of  the  eye.  Ascension-day  of  the 
present  year  was  very  favourable  in  this  respect 
to  these  village  oculists,  and  numbers  of  the  cot- 
tagers might  be  seen  in  all  directions  collecting 
the  precious  drops  as  they  fell.  Is  it  known  whe- 
ther this  curious  custom  prevails  elsewhere  ?  and 
what  is  supposed  to  be  the;  origin  of  it  ?  ANON. 

Freemasonry.  —  A  (Hamburg)  paper,  Der 
Freischiitz,  brings  in  its  No.  27.  the  following  : 

"  The  great  English  Lodge  of  this  town  will  initiate 
in  a  few  days  two  deaf  and  dumb  persons  ;  a  very  rare 
occurrence." 
And  says  farther  in  No.  31.  : 

"  With  reference  to  our  notice  in  No.  27.,  we  farther 
learned  that  on  the  4th  of  March,  two  brethren,  one 
of  them  deaf  and  dumb,  have  been  initiated  in  the 
great  English  Lodge  ;  the  knowledge  of  the  language, 
without  its  pronunciation,  has  been  cultivated  by  them 
to  a  remarkable  degree,  so  that  with  noting  the  motion 
of  the  lips  they  do  not  miss  a  single  word.  The  cere- 
mony of  initiation  was  the  most  affecting  for  all 
present." 

Query  1 .  Would  deaf  and  dumb '  persons  in 
England  be  eligible  as  members  of  the  order? 
2.  Have  similar  cases  to  the  above  ever  occurred 
in  this  country  ?  J.  W.  S.  D.  874. 


fotifj 

Lewis  s  "  Memoirs  of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester."  — 
Can  you  inform  me  who  was  the  editor  of 

"  Memoirs  of  Prince  William  Henry,  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  from  his  birth,  July  the  24th,  1689,  to 
October  1697 :  from  an  original  Tract  written  by 
Jenkin  Lewis.  Printed  for  the  Editor,  and  sold  by 
Messrs.  Payne,  &c.,  London  :  and  Messrs.  Princs  & 
Cooke,  and  J.  Fletcher,  Oxford,  1789." 

In  a  rare  copy  of  this  volume  now  before  me,  it 
is  attributed  by  a  pencil-note  to  the  ^editorship  of 
Dr.  Philip  Hayes,  who  was  organist  of  Magdalen 
College  Chapel,  Oxford,  from  1777  to  1797.  I" 
should  be  glad  to  learn  on  what  authority  this 
could  be  stated.  I  am  anxious  also  to  know  the 
names  of  any  authors  who  have  published  books 
respecting  the  life,  reign,  or  times  of  King  Wil- 
liam HI/?  J.  K.  B. 

Oxford. 

[Some  of  our  readers  will  probably  be  able  to 
authenticate  the  editorship  of  Jenkin  Lewis'  Memoirs  of 
the  DuJie  of  Gloucester.  The  following  works  on  the 
reign  of  William  III.  may  be  consulted  among  others  : 
Walter  Harris's  History  of  the  Reign  of  William  III., 
fol.,  1749  ;  The  History  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  and  the 
Ancient  History  of  Nassau,  8vo.,  1688;  An  Historical 


Account  of  the  Memorable  Actions  of  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
12mo.,  1689;  History  of  William  III.,  3  vols.  8vo., 
1702;  Life  of  William  III.,  18mo.,  1702;  another, 
8vo.,  1703;  The  History  of  the  Life  and  Reign  03 
William  III.,  Dublin,  4  vols.  12mo.,  1747;  Vernon's 
Letters  of  the  Reign  of  William  III.,  edited  by  G.  P. 
R.  James,  3  vols.  8vo.,  184]  ;  Paul  Grimbolt's  Letters 
of  William  III.  and  Louis  XIV.  Consult  also  Watt 
and  Lowndes'  Bibliographical  Dictionaries,  art.  WIL- 
LIAM III.  ;  and  Catalogue  of  the  London  Institution, 
vol.  i.  p.  292.] 

Apocryphal  Works.  —  Can  you  inform  me  where 
I  can  procure  an  English  version  of  the  Booh  of 
Enoch,  so  often  quoted  by  Mackay  in  his  admir- 
able work  The  Progress  of  the  Human  Intellect  f 
Also  the  Epistle  of  Barnabas,  and  the  Spurious 
Gospels?  W.  S. 

Cleveland  Bridge,  Bath. 

[  The  Book  of  Enoch,  edited  by  Archbishop  Laurence, 
and  printed  at  Oxford,  has  passed  through  several  edi- 
tions.—  The  Catholic  Epistle  of  St.  Barnabas  is  included 
among  Archbishop  Wake's  Genuine  Epistles  of  the  Apo- 
stolical Fathers. — "The  Spurious  Gospels"  will  pro- 
bably be  found  in  The  Apocryphal  New  Testament; 
being  all  the  Gospels,  Epistles,  and  other  Pieces  now 
extant,  attributed  in  the  first  four  Centuries  to  Jesus 
Christ,  his  Apostles,  and  their  Companions,  and  not 
included  in  the  New  Testament  by  its  compilers  : 
London,  8vo.,  Iffeo  ;  2nd  edition,  1821.  Anonymous, 
but  edited  by  William  Hone.] 

Mirabeau,  Talleyrand,  and  Fouche.  —  Can  any 
of  your  correspondents  tell  me  which  are  the  best 
Lives  of  three  of  the  most  remarkable  men  who 
figured  in  the  age  of  the  French  Revolution,  viz. 
Mirabeau,  Talleyrand,  and  Fouche  ?  If  there  are 
English  translations  of  these  works  ?  and  also  if 
there  is  any  collection  of  the  fierce  philippics  of 
Mirabeau  ?  KENNEDY  Me  NAB. 

[Mirabeau  left  a  natural  son,  Lucas  Montigny,  who 
published  Memoirs  of  Mirabeau,  Biographical,  Literary, 
and  Political,  by  Himself,  his  Uncle,  and  his  adopted 
Child,  4  vols.  8vo.,  Lond.,  '1835.— Memoirs  of  C.  M. 
Talleyrand,  2  vols.  12mo.,  Lond.,  1805.  Also  his  Life, 
4  vols.  8vo.,  Lond.,  1834. — Memoirs  of  Joseph  Fouche, 
translated  from  the  French,  2  vols.  8vo.,  Lond.,  1825.] 

"  The  Turks  in  Europe"  and  "Austria  as  It  Is." 
—  I  possess  an  8vo.  volume  consisting  of  two  ano- 
nymous publications,  which  appeared  in  London 
in  1828,  one  entitled  The  Establishment  of  the  Turks 
in  Europe,  an  Historical  Discourse,  and  the  other 
Austria  as  It  Is,  or  Sketches  of  Continental  Courts, 
by  an  Eye-witness.  Can  you  give  me  the  names 
of  the  authors  ?  ABHBA. 

[The  Turks  in  Europe  is  by  Lord  John  Russell: 
but  the  author  of  Austria  as  It  In,  we  cannot  discover  ; 
he  was  a  native  of  the  Austrian  Empire.] 

"Forgive,  blest  Shade." — Where  were  the  lines, 
commencing  "  Forgive,  blest  shade,"  first  pub- 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


543 


lished  ?  I  believe  it  was  upon  a  mural  tablet  on 
the  chancel  wall  of  a  small  village  church  in 
Dorsetshire  (Wyke  Regis)  ;  but  I  have  seen  _it 
quoted  as  from  a  monument  in  some  church  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight. 

The  tablet  at  Wyke,  in  Dorset,  was  erected 
anonymously,  in  the  night-time,  upon  the  east  end 
of  the  chancel  outer  wall ;  but  whether  they  were 
original,  or  copied  from  some  prior  monumental 
inscription,  I  do  not  know,  and  should  feel  much 
obliged  could  any  of  your  readers  inform  me. 

S.  S.  M. 

[Snow,  in  his  Sepulchral  Gleanings,  p.  44.,  notices 
these  lines  on  the  tomb  of  Robert  Scott,  who  died  in 
March,  1806,  in  Bethnal  Green  Churchyard.  Prefixed 
to  them  is  the  following  line :  "  The  grief  of  a  fond 
mother,  and  the  disappointed  hope  of  an  indulgent 
father."  Our  correspondent  should  have  given  the 
date  of  the  Wyke  tablet.] 

"  Off' with  his  head"  fyc.  —  Who  was  the  author 
of  the  often-quoted  line  — 

"  Off  with  his  head  !  so  much  for  Buckingham  !  " 

which  is  not  in  Shakspeare's  Richard  III.  ? 

UNEDA. 
Philadelphia. 

[Colley  Gibber  is  the  author  of  this  line.  It  occurs 
in  The  Tragical  History  of  Richard  III. ,  altered  from 
Shakspeare,  Act  IV.,  near  the  end.] 

" Peter  Wilkins"  —  Who  wrote  this  book ?  and 
when  was  it  published  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[This  work  first  appeared  in  1750,  and  in  its  brief 
title  is  comprised  all  that  is  known  —  all  that  the  cu- 
riosity of  an  inquisitive  age  can  discover  —  of  the 
history  of  the  work,  and  name  and  lineage  of  the 
author.  It  is  entitled  The  Life  and  Adventures  of 
Peter  Wilkins,  a  Cornish  Man.  Taken  from  his  own 
Mouth,  in  his  Passage  to  England,  from  off  Cape  Horn 
in  America,  in  the  ship  Hector.  By  R.  S.,  a  passenger 
in  the  Hector;  Lond.  1750,  2  vols.  The  dedication 
is  signed  R.  P.  "  To  suppose  the  unknown  author," 
remarks  a  writer  in  the  Retrospective  Review,  vol.  vii. 
p.  121.,  "to  have  been  insensible  to,  or  careless  about, 
the  fair  fame  to  which  a  work,  original  in  its  conception, 
and  almost  unique  in  purity,  did  justly  entitle  him,  is 
to  suppose  him  to  have  been  exempt  from  the  influence 
of  that  universal  feeling,  which  is  ever  deepest  in  the 
noblest  bosoms  ;  the  ardent  desire  of  being  long  re- 
membered after  death  —  of  shining  bright  in  the  eyes 
of  their  cotemporaries,  and,  when  their  sun  is  set,  of 
leaving  behind  a  train  of  glory  in  the  heavens,  for 
posterity  to  contemplate  with  love  and  veneration."] 

The  Barmecides'  Feast.  —  Can  you  tell  me 
where  the  story  of  the  Barmecides  and  their 
famed  banquets  is  to  be  found  ?  J.  D. 

[In  The  Thousand  and  One  Nights,  commonly  called 
The  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  Lane's  edition, 
chap.  v.  vol.  i.  p.  410.  Consult  also  The  Barmecides, 


1778,    by   John   Francis  de  la   Harpe;  and   Moreri, 
Dictionnaire  Historique,  art.  Barmecides.] 

Captain.  —  I  shall  feel  greatly  obliged  by  your 
informing  me  the  proper  and  customary  manner  of 
rendering  in  a  Latin  epitaph  the  words  "  Captain 
of  the  29th  Regiment."  Ains worth  does  not  give 
any  word  which  appears  to  answer  to  "  Captain." 
Ordinum  ductor  is  cumbrous  and  inelegant. 

CLERICUS. 

[The  words,  "  Captain  of  the  29th  Regiment,"  may 
be  thus  rendered  into  Latin  :  "  Centurio  sive  Capitanus 
vicesimae  nona:  cohortis."  The  word  capitanus,  though 
not  Ciceronian,  was  in  general  use  for  a  military  cap- 
tain during  the  Middle  Ages,  as  appears  from  Du 
Cange's  Glossary :  "  Item  vos  armati  et  congregati 
quendam  de  vobis  in  capito.ne.um  elegistis."] 


COLERIDGE'S  UNPUBLISHED  MANUSCRIPTS. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  496.) 

In  an  article  contained  in  the  Number  of 
"N.  &  Q."  for  May  the  27th  last,  and  signed 
C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBY,  an  inconsiderate,  not  to 
say  a  coarse  attack  has  been  made  upon  me,  which 
might  have  been  spared  had  the  writer  sought  a 
private  explanation  of  the  matters  upon  which  he 
has  founded  his  charge. 

He  asks,  "  How  has  Mr.  Green  discharged  the 
duties  of  his  solemn  trust  ?  Has  he  made  any 
attempt  to  give  publicity  to  the  Logic,  the  '  great 
work'  on  Philosophy,  the  work  on  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  to  be  called  The  Assertion  of 
Religion,  or  the  History  of  Philosophy,  all  of  which 
are  in  his  custody,  and  of  which  the  first  is,  on  the 
testimony  of  Coleridge  himself,  a  finished  work  ? 
.  .  .  .  For  the  four  works  enumerated  above, 
Mr.  Green  is  responsible." 

Now,  though,  by  the  terms  of  Coleridge's  will,  I 
do  not  hold  myself  "responsible"  in  the  sense 
which  the  writer  attaches  to  the  term,  and  though 
I  have  acted  throughout  with  the  cognizance,  and 
I  believe  with  the  approbation  of  Coleridge's  family, 
yet  I  am  willing,  and  shall  now  proceed  to  give 
such  explanations  as  an  admirer  of  Coleridge's 
writings  may  desire,  or  think  he  has  a  right  to 
expect. 

Of  the  four  works  in  question,  the  Logic  —  as 
will  be  seen  by  turning  to  the  passage  in  the  Letters, 
vol.  ii.  p.  150.,  to  which  the  writer  refers  as  "  the 
testimony  of  Coleridge  himself"  —  is  described  as 
nearly  ready  for  the  press,  though  as  yet  unfinished ; 
and  I  apprehend  it  may  be  proved  by  reference  to 
Mr.  Stutfield's  notes,  the  gentleman  to  whom  it  is 
there  said  they  were  dictated,  and  who  possesses 
the  original  copy,  that  the  work  never  was  finished. 
Of  the  three  parts  mentioned  as  the  components  of 


£44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


the  work,  the  Criterion  and  Organon  do  not  to  my 
knowledge  exist ;  and  with  regard  to  the  other 
parts  of  the  manuscript,  including  the  Canon,  I 
believe  that  I  have  exercised  a  sound  discretion  in 
not  publishing  them  in  their  present  form  and  un- 
finished state. 

Of  the  alleged  work  on  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments, to  be  called  The  Assertion  of  Religion,  I 
have  no  knowledge.  There  exist,  doubtless,  in 
Coleridge's  hand  writing,  many  notes,  detached  frag- 
ments and  marginalia,  which  contain  criticisms  on 
the  Scriptures.  Many  of  these  have  been  pub- 
lished, some  have  lost  their  interest  by  the  recent 
advances  in  biblical  criticism,  and  some  may  here- 
after appear  ;  though,  as  many  of  them  were  evi- 
dently not  intended  for  publication,  they  await  a 
final  judgment  with  respect  to  the  time,  form,  and 
occasion  of  their  appearance.  But  no  work  with 
the  title  above  stated,  no  work  with  any  similar 
object  —  except  the  Confessions  of  an  Inquiring 
Spirit —  is,  as  far  as  I  know,  in  existence. 

The  work  to  which  I  suppose  the  writer  alludes 
as  the  History  of  Philosophy,  is  in  my  possession. 
It  was  presented  to  me  by  the  late  J.  Hookham 
Frere,  and  consists  of  notes,  taken  for  him  by  an 
eminent  shorthand  writer,  of  the  course  of  lectures 
delivered  by  Coleridge  on  that  subject.  Un- 
fortunately, however,  these  notes  are  .wholly  unfit 
for  publication,  as  indeed  may  be  inferred  from 
the  fact,  communicated  to  me  by  Coleridge,  that 
the  person  employed  confessed  after  the  first  lec- 
ture that  he  was  unable  to  follow  the  lecturer  in 
consequence  of  becoming  perplexed  and  delayed 
by  the  novelty  of  thought  and  language,  for  which 
he  was  wholly  unprepared  by  the  ordinary  exer- 
cise of  his  art.  If  this  History  of  Philosophy  is  to 
be  published  in  an  intelligible  form,  it  will  require 
to  be  re- written;  and  I  would  willingly  undertake 
the  task,  had  I  not,  in  connexion  with  Coleridge's 
views,  other  and  more  pressing  objects  to  accom- 
plish. 

I  come  now  to  the  fourth  work,  the  "  great 
work"  on  Philosophy.  Touching  this  the  writer 
quotes  from  one  of  Coleridge's  letters  : 

"  Of  this  work  something  more  than  a  volume  has 
been  dieted  by  me,  so  as  to  exist  fit  for  the  press." 

I  neetl^iot  here  ask  whether  the  conclusion  is* 
correct,  that  because  "  something  more  than  a 
volume"  is  fit  for  the  press,  I  am  therefore  re- 
sponsible, for  the  whole  work,  of  which  the  "some- 
thing more  than  a  volume  "  is  a  part  ?  But  — 
shaping  my.answer  with  reference  to  the  real  point 
at  issue — I  have  to  state,  for  the  information  of 
Coleridge's  readers,  that,  although  in  the  materials 
for  the  volume  there  are  introductions  and  inter- 
calations on  subjects  of  speculative  interest,  such  as 
to  entitle  them  to  appear  in  print,  the  main  portion 
of  the  work  is  a  philosophical  Cosmogony,  which  I 
fear  is  scarcely  adapted  for  scientific  readers,  or 
corresponds  to  the  requirements  of  modern  science. 


At  all  events,  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say" that  the  com- 
pletion of  the  whole  would  be  requisite  for  the 
intelligibility  of  the  part  which  exists  in  manu- 
script. 

I  leave  it  then  to  any  candid  person  to  decide 
whether  I  should  have  acted  wisely  in  risking  its 
committal  to  the  press  in  its  present  shape.  What- 
ever may  be,  however,  the  opinion  of  others,  I  have 
decided,  according  to  my  own  conscientious  con- 
viction of  the  issue,  against  the  experiment. 

But  should  some  farther  explanation  be  expected 
of  me  on  this  interesting  topic,  I  will  freely  own 
that,  having  enjoyed  the  high  privilege  of  com- 
munion with  one  of  the  most  enlightened  philoso- 
phers of  the  age — and  in  accordance  with  his  wishes 
the  responsibility  rests  with  me,  as  far  as  my  ability 
extends,  of  completing  his  labours, — in  pursuance 
of  this  trust  I  have  devoted  more  than  the  leisure 
of  a  life  to  a  work  in  which  I  hope  to  present  the 
philosophic  views  of  my  "  great  master  "  in  a  sys- 
tematic form  of  unity  —  in  a  form  which  may  best 
concentrate  to  a  focus  and  principle  of  unity  the 
light  diffused  in  his  writings,  and  which  may  again 
reflect  it  on  all  departments  of  human  know  ledge, 
so  that  truths  may  become  intelligible  in  the  one 
light  of  Divine  truth. 

Meanwhile  I  can  assure  the  friends  and  admirers 
of  Coleridge  that  nothing  now  exists  in  manuscript 
which  would  acfd  materially  to  the  elucidation  of 
his  philosophical  doctrines ;  and  that  in  any  farther 
publication  of  his  literary  remains  I  shall  be  guided, 
as  I  have  been,  by  the  duty  which  I  owe  to  the 
memory  and  fame  of  my  revered  teacher. 

JOSEPH  HENRY  GREEN. 

Hadley. 


KING  JAMES'S  IRISH  ARMY  LIST,  1689. 
(Vol.  ix.,  pp.30,  31.  401.) 

I  was  much  pleased  at  MR.  D'ALTON'S  an- 
nouncement of  his  work ;  and  I  should  have  re- 
sponded to  it  sooner,  if  I  could  have  had  any  idea 
that  he  did  not  possess  King's  State  of  the  Pro- 
testants in  Ireland ;  but  his  inquiry  about  Colonel 
Sheldon,  in  Vol.  ix.,  p.  401.,  shows  that  he  has 
not  consulted  that  work,  where  (p.  341.)  he  will 
find  that  Dominick  Sheldon  was  "  Lieutenant- 
General  of  the  Horse."  But  after  the  enumera- 
tion of  the  General  Staff,  there  follows  a  list  of 
the  field  officers  of  eight  regiments  of  horse,  seven 
of  dragoons,  and  fifty  of  infantry.  In  Tyrconnel's 
regiment  of  horse,  Dominick  Sheldon  appears  as 
lieutenant-colonel.  This  must  have  been,  I  sup- 
pose, a  Sheldon  junior,  son  or  nephew  of  the 
lieutenant-general  of  horse.  This  reference  to 
King's  work  has  suggested  to  me  an  idea  which  I 
venture  to  suggest  to  ME.  D'ALTON  as  a  prelimi- 
nary to  the  larger  work  on  Irish  family  genea- 
logies which  he  is  about,  and  for  which  we  shall 


JUNE  10. 1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


545 


have  I  fear  to  wait  too  long.  I  mean  an  imme- 
diate reprint  (in  a  separate  shape)  of  the  several 
lists  of  gentlemen  of  both  parties  which  are  given 
in  King's  work.  This  might  be  done  with  very 
little  trouble,  and,  I  think,  without  any  pecuniary 
loss,  if  not  with  actual  profit.  It  would  be  little 
more  than  pamphlet  size.  The  first  and  most  im- 
portant list  would  be  of  the  names  and  designa- 
tions of  all  the  persons  included  in  the  acts  of 
attainder  passed  in  King  James's  Irish  Parliament 
of  May,  1689.  They  are,  I  think,  about  two 
thousand  names,  with  their  residences  and  personal 
designations ;  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  that  a 
great  many  of  the  same  families  are  still  seated  in 
the  same  places.  These  names  I  think  I  should 
place  alphabetically  in  one  list,  with  their  designa- 
tions and  residences  ;  and  any  short  notes  that  ME. 
D'ALTON  might  think  necessary  to  correct  clerical 
error,  or  explain  doubtful  names :  longer  notes 
would  perhaps  lead  too  far  into  family  history  for 
the  limited  object  I  propose. 

In  a  second  list,  I  would  give  the  names  of  King 
James's  parliament,  privy  council,  army,  civil  and 
judicial  departments,  as  we  find  them  in  King, 
adding  to  them  an  alphabetical  index  of  names. 
The  whole  would  then  exhibit  a  synopsis  of  the 
names,  residences,  and  politics  of  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  gentry  of  Ireland  at  that  important 
period.  C. 


BARBELL  S    REGIMENT. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  63.  159.) 


Your  correspondent  H.  B.  C.  is  undoubtedly 
correct  in  his  statement  that  "  Ten  times  a  day 
whip  the  Barrels,"  is  a  regimental  parody  on  the 
song  "  He  that  has  the  best  Wife,"  sung  in  Charles 
Coffey's  musical  farce  of  The  Devil  to  Pay,  pub- 
lished in  1731.  Popular  songs  have  been  made 
the  subject  of  political  or  personal  parodies  from 
time  immemorial ;  and  no  more  fruitful  locality 
for  parodies  can  be  found  than  a  barrack,  where 
the  individual  traits  of  character  are  so  fully  de- 
veloped, and  afford  so  full  a  scope  to  the  talents  of 
a  satirist.  Indeed,  I  knew  an  officer,  who  has 
recently  retired  from  the  service,  who  seized  on 
every  popular  ballad,  and  parodied  it,  in  con- 
nexion with  regimental  affairs,  to  the  delight  of 
his  brother  officers ;  and  in  many  instances  his 
parodies  were  far  more  witty  than  the  original 
comic  songs  whence  they  were  taken. 

As  regards  the  regiment  known  as  Barrell's,  at 
the  period  assigned  as  the  date  of  the  song  relative 
to  that  corps,  i.  e.  circa  1747,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  as  to  what  corps  is  alluded  to.  Barrell's 
regiment,  now  the  4th,  or  King's  Own,  regiment 
of  infantry,  is  the  only  corps  that  was  ever  known 
in  the  British  army  as  Barrell's;  for  although 
Colonel  William  Barrell  was  colonel  of  the  present 


28th  regiment  from  Sept.  27,  1715,  to  August  25, 
1730,  and  of  the  present  22nd  regiment  from  the 
latter  date  to  August  8,  1734,  yet  neither  of  these 
regiments  appears  to  have  seen  any  war-service 
during  the  periods  that  they  were  commanded  by 
him,  or  to  have  been  known  in  military  history  as 
Barrell's  regiments.  He  was  appointed  to  the  4th 
regiment  of  infantry  August  8,  1734,  and  retained 
the  command  of  that  distinguished  corps  exactly 
fifteen  years,  for  he  died  August  9,  1749.  While 
he  commanded  the  regiment  it  embarked  for 
Flanders,  and  served  the  campaign  of  1744,  under 
Field- Marshal  Wade.  It  remained  in  Flanders 
until  the  rebellion  brok£  out  in  Scotland,  when  it 
returned  to  England,  and  marched  from  New- 
castle-on-Tyne  to  Scotland  in  January,  1746, 
arriving  on  the  10th.  of  that  month  at  Edinburgh. 
The  regiment  was  engaged  at  the  battle  of  Fal- 
kirk,  Jan.  17,  1746,  where  its  conduct  is  thus 
noticed  in  the  General  Advertiser:  "The  regi- 
ments which  distinguished  themselves  were  Bar- 
rell's (King's  Own),  and  Ligonier's  foot."  Ligo- 
nier's  regiment  is  now  the  glorious  48th  regiment, 
of  Albuera  fame. 

At  the  battle  of  Culloden  Barrell's  regiment 
gained  the  greatest  reputation  imaginable ;  the 
battle  was  so  desperate  that  the  soldiers'  bayonets 
were  stained  with  blood  to  the  muzzles  of  their 
muskets ;  there  was  scarce  an  officer  or  soldier  of 
the  regiment,  and  of  that  part  of  Munro's  (now 
37th  regiment)  which  engaged  the  rebels,  that  did 
not  kill  one  or  two  men  each  with  their  bayonets. 
(Particulars  of  the  Battle,  published  1746.)  Now 
it  will  be  remembered  that  your  correspondent 
E.  H.,  Vol.  ix.,  p.  159.,  represents  a  drummer  of 
the  regiment  interceding  with  the  colonel  for  the 
prisoner,  by  stating  that  "he  behaved  well  at 
Culloden."  And  this  leads  me  to  the  question, 
Who  was  the  colonel  against  whom  this  caricature 
was  directed  ?  It  is  proved  ("  IsT.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  vii., 
p.  242.)  that  regiments  were  known  by  the  names 
of  their  colonels,  whether  commanded  personally 
by  the  colonel  or  not,  until  July  1,  1751,  and 
indeed  for  several  subsequent  years. 

Now  the  reference  to  Culloden  renders  it  pro- 
bable that  the  colonel  appealed  to  was  present  at 
that  battle,  and  perhaps  an  eye-witness  of  the 
personal  bravery  on  that  occasion  of  the  soldier 
who  was  subsequently  flogged.  But  although 
Colonel  Barrell  retained  the  colonelcy  of  the 
4th  Infantry  until  August,  1749,  yet  he  was  pro- 
moted to  major-general  in  1735,  after  which 
time  he  would  have  commanded  a  division,  not  a 
regiment.  In  1739  he  was  farther  promoted  to 
lieut.-general,  and  appointed  the  same  year 
Governor  of  Pendennis  Castle,  which  office  would 
necessarily  remove  him  from  the  personal  com- 
mand of  his  regiment.  He  was  not  present  at  the 
battle  of  Culloden,  April  16,  1746,  where  his  regi- 
ment was  [commanded  by  Lieut. -Colonel  Robert 


546 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


Rich,  who  was  wounded  on  that  occasion.  As  to 
the  epithet  of  "  Colonel,"  used  by  the  drummer, 
that  term  is  always  used  in  conversation  when  ad- 
dressing a  lieutenant-colonel,  or  even  a  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  its  use  only  proves,  there- 
fore, that  the  officer  in  command  of  the  parade 
held  a  higher  rank  than  major.  After  Culloden, 
the  4th  regiment  moved  to  the  Highlands,  and  in 
1747  returned  to  Stirling.  In  1749  General 
Barrell  died,  and  the  colonelcy  of  the  regiment  was 
given  to  Lieut.-Colonel  Rich,  whom  I  suspect  to 
be  the  officer  alluded  to  in  the  caricature.  I  have 
searched  the  military  records  of  the  4th  regiment, 
but  can  find  no  mention  of  the  places  at  which  it 
was  stationed  from  1747  to  1754,  in  the  spring  of 
which  year  it  embarked  from  Great  Britain  for 
the  Mediterranean,  just  as  it  is  now  doing  in  the 
spring  of  1854.  lam  inclined  to  fix  the  date  of 
the  print  as  1749  (not  1747),  when  "  Old  Scourge" 
returned  to  his  regiment  as  colonel,  at  the  decease 
of  General  Barrell.  Colonel  Rich  was  not  pro- 
moted to  major-general  until  Jan.  17,  1758,  and 
his  commission  as  colonel  is  dated  Aug.  22,  1749, 
the  day  on  which  he  became  colonel  of  the  4th 
regiment.  He  died  in  1785,  but  retired  from  the 
service  between  the  years  1771  and  1776  :  he  suc- 
ceeded his  father  as  a  baronet  in  1768.  G.  L.  S. 


CLAY    TOBACCO-PIPES. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  372.) 

I  was  much  pleased  at  reading  ME.  H.  T. 
RILEY'S  Note  on  this  neglected  subject,  in  which 
I  take  no  small  interest,  and  feel  happy  in  com- 
municating the  little  amount  of  information  I 
possess  regarding  it  I  have  long  thought  that 
the  habit  of  smoking,  I  do  not  say  tobacco,  but 
some  other  herb,  is  of  much  greater  antiquity  than 
is  generally  supposed.  Tobacco  appears  to  have 
been  introduced  amongst  us  about  1586  by 
Captain  R.  Greenfield  and  Sir  Francis  Drake 
(vide  Brand's  Popular  Antiquities}  ;  but  I  have 
seen  pipe-bowls  of  English  manufacture,  which 
had  been  found  beneath  the  encaustic  pavement 
of  Build  was  Abbey  in  Shropshire,  which  gives  U 
much  earlier  date  to  the  practice  of  smoking 
something.  I  remember  an  old  man,  a  perfect 
Dominie  Sampson  in  his  way,  who  had  been  in 
turn  gaoler,  pedagogue,  and  postmaster,  at  St. 
Briavel's,  near  Tintern  Abbey,  habitually  smoking 
the  leaves  of  coltsfoot,  which  he  cultivated  on 
purpose  ;  he  told  me  that  he  could  seldom  afford 
to  use  tobacco.  The  pipes  found  in  such  abund- 
ance in  the  bed  of  the  Thames,  and  everywhere 
in  and  about  London,  I  believe  to  be  of  Dutch 
manufacture  ;  they  are  identical  with  those  which 
Teniers  and  Ostade  put  into  the  mouths  of  their 
boors,  and  have  for  the  most  part  a  small  pointed 


heel,  a  well-defined  milled  ring  around  the  lip, 
and  bear  no  mark  or  name  of  the  maker.  Such 
were  the  pipes  used  by  the  soldiers  of  the  Parlia- 
ment, to  be  found  wherever  they  encamped.  I 
will  only  instance  Barton,  near  Abingdon,  on  the 
property  of  G.  Bowyer,  Esq.,  M.P.,  where  I  have 
seen  scores  while  shooting  in  the  fields  around  the 
ruins  of  the  old  fortified  mansion.  The  English 
pipes,  on  the  contrary,  have  a  very  broad  and  flat 
heel,  on  which  they  may  rest  in  an  upright  po- 
sition, so  that  the  ashes  might  not  fall  out  prema- 
turely ;  and  on  this  heel  the  potter's  name  or 
device  is  usually  stamped,  generally  in  raised 
characters,  though  sometimes  they  are  incised. 
Occasionally  the  mark  is  to  be  found  on  the  side 
of  the  bowl.  A  short  time  ago  I  exhibited  a 
series  of  some  five-and-twenty  different  types  at 
the  Archaeological  Institution,  and  my  collection 
has  been  enlarged  considerably  since.  These  were 
principally  found  in  Shropshire  and  Staffordshire, 
and  appear  for  the  most  part  to  have  been  made 
at  Broseley.  They  are  of  a  very  hard  and  com- 
pact clay,  which  retains  the  impress  of  the  milled 
ring  and  the  stamp  in  all  its  original  freshness.  I 
shall  feel  much  obliged  by  receiving  any  additional 
information  upon  this  subject. 

W.  J.  BERNHARD  SMITH. 
Temple.        f 


MADAME    DE    STAEL. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  451.) 

I  cannot  direct  R.  A.  to  the  passage  in  Madame 
de  StaeTs  works.  The  German  book  for  which 
he  inquires  is  not  by  Schlegel  assisted  by  Fichte, 
but  — 

"  Friedrich  Nicolai's  Leben  xmd  sonderbare  Mei- 
nungen.  Ein  Beitrag  zur  Literatur-Geschichte  des 
vergangenen  und  zur  Padagogik  des  angehenden 
Jahrhunderts,  von  Johan  Gottlieb  Fichte.  Heraus- 
gegeben  von  A.  W.  Schlegel:  Tubingen,  1801,  8°, 
pp.  130." 

There  certainly  is  no  ground  for  the  charge  that 
Fichte  attacked  Nicolai  when  he  was  too  old  to 
reply.  Nicolai  was  born  in  1733,  and  died  in 
1811 ;  so  that  he  was  sixty-eight  when  this  pam- 
phlet was  published.  His  Leben  Sempronius 
Gundiberts  was  published  in  1798  ;  and  your  cor- 
respondent H.  C.  R.  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  20.)  partook  of 
his  hospitality  in  Berlin  in  1803. 

As  to  the  provocation,  Fichte  (at  p.  82.)  gives  an 
account  of  attacks  on  his  personal  honour ;  the 
worst  of  which  seems  to  be  the  imputation  of  seek- 
ing favourable  notices  in  the  Literary  Gazette  of 
Jena.  In  Gundibert  Fichte's  writings  were  se- 
verely handled,  but  no  personal  imputation  was 
made.  I  do  not  know  what  was  said  of  him  in 
the  Neue  Deutsche  Bibliothek,  but  I  can  hardly 
imagine  any  justification  for  so  furious  an  attack 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


547 


as  t'uis  on  Nicolai.  I  also  concur  with  Madame 
de  Stael  in  thinking  the  book  dull:  "  Js"on  est 
iocus  esse  malignura."  It  begins  with  an  attempt 
at  grave  burlesque,  but  speedily  degenerates  into 
mere  scolding.  Take  one  example  : 

"  Es  war  sehr  \vahr,  dass  aus  seinen  (Nicolais)  Han- 
den  alles  beschmutzt  und  verdreht  herausging ;  aber 
es  war  nicht  wahr,  das  er  beschmutzen  und  verdreben 
wollte.  Es  ward  ihm  nur  so  durch  die  Eigenschaft 
seiner  Natur.  Wer  roochte  ein  Stinkthier  bescbuldigen, 
dass  es  bobafter  Weise  alles  was  es  zu  sich  nehme,  in 
Gestank,  —  oder  die  Natter,  das  sie  es  in  Gift  verwan- 
dle.  Diese  Thiere  sind  daran  sehr  unschuldig ;  sie 
folgen  nur  ihrer  Natur.  Eben  so  unser  Held,  der  nun 
einmal  zum  literariscben  Stinkthier  und  der  Natter 
des  achtzehnten  Jahrhunderts  bestimmt  war,  verbrei- 
tete  stank  um  sich,  und  spritze  Gift,  nicht  aus  Bosheit, 
sondern  lediglich  durch  seine  Bestimmung  getrieben." 
—  P.  78. 

The  charge  of  defiling  all  he  touched  will  be 
appreciated  by  those  who  have  read  Selaldus 
Nothanker  and  Sempronius  Gundibert,  two  of  the 
purest  as  well  as  of  the  cleverest  novels  of  the  last 
century.  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 


CRANMER  S    MARTYRDOM. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  392.) 

The  long-received  account  of  a  very  striking 
act  in  the  martyrdom  of  Cranmer  is  declared  to 
involve  an  "  impossibility."  The  question  is  an  im- 
portant one  in  various  ways,  for  it  involves  moral 
and  religious,  as  well  as  literary  and  physiological, 
considerations  of  deep  interest ;  but  as  I  think  the 
pages  of  "  N".  &  Q."  not  the  most  appropriate 
Tehicle  for  discussion  on  the  former  heads,  I  shall 
pass  them  over  at  present  with  a  mere  expression 
of  regret  that  such  a  subject  should  have  been  so 
mooted  there.  With  reference,  then,  to  the  literary 
evidence  in  favour  of  the  fact,  that  the  noble  martyr 
voluntarily  put  forth  his  hand  into  the  hottest  part 
of  the  fire  which  was  raging  about  him,  and 
burnt  it  first,  the  historians  quoted  are  entirely 
agreed,  differing  as  they  do  only  in  such  details  as 
might  seem  rather  to  imply  independent  testi- 
mony than  discrepant  authority.  But  the  action 
is  declared  to  be  "utterly  impossible,  because," 
&c.  Why  beg  the  question  in  this  way  ?  "  Be- 
cause," says  H.  B.  C.,  "  the  laws  of  physiology  and 
combustion  show  that  he  could  not  have  gone 
beyond  the  attempt;"  adding,  ^' If  the  hand  were 
chained  over  the  fire,  the  shock  would  produce 
death."  Leaving  the  hypothetical  reasoning  in  both 
cases  to  go  for  what  it  is  worth,  it  would  surely 
be  easy  to  produce  facts  of  almost  every  week  from 
the  evidence  given  in  coroners'  inquests,  in  which 
persons  have  had  their  limbs  burnt  off —  to  say 
nothing  of  farther  injury — without  the  shock 


"producing  death."  The  only  question  then 
which  I  think  can  fairly  arise,  is,  whether  a  person 
in  Cranmer's  position  could  voluntarily  endure  that 
amount  of  mutilation  by  fire  which  many  others 
have  accidentally  suffered  ?  This  may  be  matter 
of  opinion,  but  I  have  no  doubt,  and  I  suppose  no 
truly  Christian  philosopher  will  have  any,  that  the 
man  who  has  faith  to  "give  his  body  to  be 
burned,"  and  to  endure  heroically  such  a  form  of 
martyrdom,  would  be  quite  able  to  do  what  is  at- 
tributed to  Cranmer,  and  to  Hooper  too,  "  high 
medical  authority  "  to  the  contrary  notwithstand- 
ing. I  might,  indeed,  adduce  what  might  be 
called  "  high  medical  authority  "  for  my  view,  i.  e. 
the  historical  evidence  of  the  fact,  but  I  think  the 
bandying  of  opinions  on  such  a  subject  undesirable. 
It  would  be  more  to  the  point,  especially  if  there 
really  existed  any  ground  for  "  historic  doubt "  on 
the  subject,  or  if  there  was  any  good  reason  for 
creating  one,  to  cite  cotemporaneous  evidence 

r'nst  that  usually  received.  With  respect  to 
heart  of  the  martyr  being  "  entire  and  uncon- 
sumed  among  the  ashes,"  I  must  be  permitted  to 
say  that,  neither  on  physiological  nor  other 
grounds,  does  even  this  alleged  fact,  taken  in  its 
plain  and  obvious  meaning,  strike  me  as  forming 
one  of  the  "  impossibilities  of  history."  J.  H. 

Rotherneld. 

Your  correspondent  H.  B.  C.  doubts  the  possi- 
bility of  the  story  about  Cranmer's  hand,  and  says 
that  "  if  a  furnace  were  so  constructed  that  a  man 
might  hold  his  hand  in  the  flame  without  burning 
his  body,  the  shock  to  the  nervous  system  would 
deprive  him  of  all  command  over  muscular  action 
before  the  skin  could  be  entirely  consumed.  If  the 
hand  were  chained  over  the  fire,  the  shock  would 
produce  death."  ]STow,  this  last  assertion  I  doubt. 
The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  account  of 
Ravaillac's  execution,  given  with  wonderfully 
minute  details  by  an  eye-witness,  and  published 
in  Cimber's  Archives  Curieux  de  VHistoire  de 
France,  vol.  xv.  p.  103. : 

"  On  le  couche  sur  1'eschafFaut,  on  attache  les  chevaux 
aux  mains  et  aux  pieds.  Sa  main  droite  percee  d'un 
cousteau  fut  bruslee  a  feu  deusouphre.  Ce  miserable, 
pour  veoir  comme  ceste  execrable  main  rotissoit,  eut  le 
courage  de  hausser  la  teste  et  de  la  secouer  pour  abattre 
une  etincelle  de  feu  qui  se  prenoit  a  sa  barbe." 

So  far  was  this  from  killing  him  that  he  was  torn 
with  red-hot  pincers,  had  melted  lead,  &c.  poured 
into  his  wounds,  and  he  was  then  "  longuement 
tire,  retire,  et  promene  de  tous  costez  "  by  four 
horses  : 

"  S'il  y  eut  quelque  pause,  ce  ne  fut  que  pour  donner 
temps  au  bourreau  de  respirer,  au  patient  de  se  sentir 
mourir,  aux  theologiens  de  1'exhorter  a  dire  la  verite." 

And  still : 

"  Sa  vie  estoit  forte  et  vigoureuse ;  telle  que  retirant 


548 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


une  fois  une  des  jambes,  il  arresta  le  cheval  qui  le 
tiroit." 

I  fear  your  correspondent  underrates  the  power  of 
the  human  body  in  enduring  torture.  I  have  seen 
a  similar  account  of  the  execution  of  Damiens, 
•with  which  I  will  not  shock  your  readers.  The 
subject  is  a  revolting  one,  but  the  truth  ought  to 
be  known,  as  it  is  (most  humanely,  I  fully  believe) 
questioned.  G.  W.  K. 

Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Difficulties  in  malting  soluble  Cotton.  —  In  making 
soluble  cotton  according  to  tbe  formula  given  by  Mr. 
Hadow  in  the  Photographic  Journal,  and  again  by  MR. 
SHADBOLT  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  I  have  been  subject  to  the 
most  provoking  failures,  and  should  feel  obliged  if 
MR.  SHADBOLT  or  any  other  of  your  correspondents 
could  explain  the  causes  of  my  failures,  which  I  will 
endeavour  to  describe. 

1st.  In  using  nitrate  of  potash  and  sulphuric  acid, 
witli  a  certain  quantity  of  water  as  given,  I  have  in- 
variably found  that  on  adding  the  cotton  to  the  mixture 
it  became  completely  dissolved,  and  the  mass  began  to 
effervesce  violently,  throwing  off  dense  volumes  of  deep 
red  fumes,  and  the  whole  appearing  of  a  similar  colour. 
I  at  first  thought  it  might  be  the  fault  of  the  sulphuric 
acid  ;  but  on  trying  some  fresh,  procured  at  another 
place,  the  same  effects  were  produced. 

Again,  in  using  the  mixed  acids  (which  I  tried,  not 
being  successful  with  the  other  method)  I  found,  on 
following  Mr.  Hadow's  plan,  that  the  cotton  was  also 
entirely  dissolved. 

How  is  the  proper  temperature  at  which  the  cotton 
is  to  be  immersed  to  be  arrived  at?  Are  there  any 
thermometers  constructed  for  the  purpose  ?  as,  if  one 
of  the  ordinary  ones,  mounted  on  wood  or  metal,  was 
used,  the  acids  would  attack  it,  and,  I  should  imagine, 
prove  injurious  to  the  liquids. 

At  the  same  time  I  would  ask  the  reason  why  all 
the  negative  calotypes  I  have  taken  lately,  both  on 
Turner's  and  Sandford's  papers,  iodized  according  to 
DR.  DIAMOND'S  plan,  are  never  intense,  especially  the 
skies,  by  transmitted  light,  although  by  reflected  light 
they  look  of  a  ^beautiful  black  and  white.  I  never 
used  formerly  to  meet  with  such  a  failure ;  but  at  that 
time  I  used  always  to  wet  the  plate  glass  and  attach" 
the  paper  to  it,  making  it  adhere  by  pressing  with 
blotting-paper,  and  then  exciting  with  a  buckles  brush 
and  dilute  'gallo-nitrate.  But  the  inconvenience  at- 
tending that  plan  was,  that  I  was  compelled  to  take 
out  as  many  double  slides  as  I  wished  to  take  pictures, 
which  made  me  abandon  it  and  take  to  DR.  DIAMOND'S 
plan  of  exciting  them  and  placing  them  in  a  portfolio 
lor  use.  I  imagine  the  cause  of  their  not  being  so  in- 
tense is  the  not  exposing  them  while  wet. 

A  bag  made  of  yellow  calico,  single  thickness,  has 
been  recommended  for  changing  the  papers  in  the  open 
air.  I  am  satisfied  it  will  not  do,  especially  if  the  sun 
is  shining  ;  it  may  do  in  some  shady  places,  but  I  have 


never  yet  seen  any  yellow  calico  so  fine  in  texture  as 
not  to  allow  of  the  rays  of  light  passing  through  it, 
unless  two  or  three  times  doubled.  I  have  proved  to 
my  own  satisfaction  that  the  papers  will  not  bear  ex- 
posure in  a  bag  of  single  thickness,  without  browning 
over  immediately  the  developing  fluid  is  applied. 

With  regard  to  the  using  of  thin  collodion,  as  recom- 
mended by  Mr.  Hardwick  in  the  last  Number  of  the 
Photographic  Journal,  I  am  satisfied  it  is  the  only  plan 
of  producing  thoroughly  good  positives ;  and  I  have 
been  in  the  habit  of  thinning  down  collodion  in  the 
same  manner  for  a  long  time,  finding  that  I  produced 
much  better  pictures  with  about  half  the  time  of  ex- 
posure necessary  for  a  thick  collodion.  H.  U. 

Light  in  Cameras.  —  I  cannot  sufficiently  express 
my  acknowledgments  to  "  N.  &  Q."  for  the  photo- 
graphic benefits  I  have  derived  from  its  perusal,  more 
especially  from  the  communication  in  No.  240.  of 
Lux  IN  CAMERA.  Since  I  took  up  the  art  some 
months  ago,  I  have  had  (with  two  or  three  exceptions) 
nothing  but  a  succession  of  failures,  principally  from 
the  browning  of  the  negatives,  and  on  examining  my 
camera,  as  recommended  by  Lux  IN  CAMERA,  I  find  it 
lets  in  a  blaze  of  light  from  the  cause  he  mentions*, 
and  thence  doubtless  my  disappointments.  But  why 
inflict  this  history  upon  you  ?  I  inclose  for  your  ac- 
ceptance the  best  photograph  I  have  yet  produced 
from  DR.  DIAMOND'S  "  Simplicity  of  the  Calotype." 
Printed  from  Delamotte's  directions  :  — 

First  preparation,  5  oz.  of  aq.  dist. ;  £  oz.  of  muriate 
of  ammonia. 

Second  process,  floating  on  solution  60  grains  of 
nitrate  of  silver,  1  ounce  of  distilled  water. 

Is  there  any  better  plan  than  the  above  ? 

CHARLES  K.  PROBERT. 

P*S.  —  The  view'inclosed  is  the  porch  and  transept 
of  Newport  Church,  Essex,  from  the  Parsonage  garden. 
Is  it  printed  too  dark  ?  I  wish  I  tfould  get  the  grey 
and  white  tints  I  saw  in  the  Photographic  Exhibition.f 
Had  your  readers  behaved  with  ordinary  gratitude, 
your  photographic  portfolio  ought  to  have  overflowed 
by  this  time. 

Cameras.  —  The  note  of  Lux  IN  CAMERA  has  brought 
in  more  than  one  letter  of  thanks ;  and  a  valued  cor- 
respondent has  written  to  us,  suggesting  "  That  the 
attention  of  the  Photographic  Society,  who  have  as  yet 
done  far  less  than  they  might  have  done  to  advance 
the'  Art,  should  be  at  once  turned,  and  that  seriously 
and  earnestly,  to  the  production  of  a  light,  portable, 
and  effective  camera  for  field  purposes ;  one  which, 
at  the  same  time  that  it  has  the  advantages  of  lightness 
and  portability,  should  be  capable  of  resisting  our 
variable  climate."  Our  correspondent  throws  out  a 
hint  which  possibly  may  be  adopted  with  advantage, 

*  It  was  an  expensive  one,  bought  of  one  of  the 
principal  bouses  for  the  supply  of  photographic  appa- 
ratus, &c. 

ft  Some  of  the  best  specimens  of  these  tints  were 
forwarded  to  us  by  MR.  PUMPHREY,  accompanying  the 
description  of  his  process,  printed  in  our  eighth  volume, 
p.  349. —  ED.  "N.  &  Q."] 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


549 


that  papier  mache  has  many  of  the  requisites  desired, 
being  very  firm,  light,  and  impervious  to  wet. 

Progress  of  Photography.  —  As  a  farther  contri- 
bution to  the  History  of  Photography,  we  have  been 
favoured  with  the  following  copy  of  a  letter  from  a 
well-known  amateur,  which  details  in  a  graphic  manner 
his  early  photographic  experiences. 

'•'  As  there  is  a  sort  of  reflux  of  the  tide  to  Mr.  Fox 
Talhot's  plan,  and  different  people  have  succeeded  best 
in  different  ways,  it  may  amuse  you  to  hear  how  I 
used  to  work,  with  better  luck  than  I  have  had  since. 

"  Mr.  Talbot's  sensitive  wash  was  very  strong,  so 
he  floated  his  paper  upon  distilled  water  immediately 
after  its  application. 

«  Mr.  G.  S.  Cundell,  of  Finsbury  Circus,  diluted 
the  sensitive  wash  with  water,  instead  of  floating  the 
paper.  Amateurs  date  their  success  from  the  time 
Mr.  Cundell  published  this  simple  modification  of  the 
original  process. 

"  Mr.  William  Hunt,  of  Yarmouth,  was  my  first 
friend  and  instructor  in  the  art ;  and  if  there  be  any 
merit  in  the  pictures  I  did  before  I  knew  you,  the 
credit  is  due  to  him  entirely. 

"  The  first  paper  we  tried  was  Whatman's  ivory 
post,  very  thick  and  hard,  and  yet  it  gave  good  nega- 
tives. We  afterwards  got  a  thinner  paper,  but  always 
stuck  to  Whatman.  Neither  were  we  troubled  with 
that  porosity  in  the  skies  of  which  you  complain  in  the 
more  recently-made  papers  of  that  manufacturer. 

"  We  first  washed  the  paper  with  a  solution  of 
nitrate  of  silver,  fifteen  grains  to  the  ounce,  going  over 
the  surface  in  all  directions  with  a  camel-hair  brush. 
As  soon  as  the  fluid  ceased  to  run,  the  paper  was 
rapidly  dried  before  the  fire,  and  then  immersed  in  a 
solution  of  iodide  of  potassium,  500  grains  to  the  pint 
of  water.  We  used  to  draw  it  through  the  solution 
frequently  by  the  corners,  and  then  let  it  lie  till  the 
yellow  tint  was  visible  at  the  back.  It  was  then  im- 
mediately taken  to  the  pump  and  pumped  upon  vigo- 
rously for  two  or  three  minutes,  holding  it  at  such  an 
angle  that  the  water  flushed  softly  over  the  surface. 
We  then  gave  it  a  few  minutes  in  a  rain-water  bath, 
inclining  the  dish  at  different  angles  to  give  motion  to 
the  water.  By  this  time  the  iodide  of  silver  looked 
like  pure  solid  brimstone  in  the  wet  paper.  Then  we 
knew  that  it  was  good,  and  hung  it  up  to  dry. 

"To  make  this  paper  sensitive,  we  took  5  drops  of 
gallic  acid  (saturated  solution),  5  drops  of  glacial  acetic 
acid,  10  drops  of  a  50-grahi  solution  of  nitrate  of 
silver,  and  100  drops  of  water.  The  sensitive  wash 
was  poured  upon  a  glass  plate,  and  the  paper  placed 
thereon.  We  used  to  lift  the  paper  frequently  by  one 
or  other  corner  till  it  was  perfectly  limp.  We  then 
blotted  off  and  placed  in  the  camera,  where  it  would 
keep  a  good  many  hours. 

"  Whether  such  pictures  would  have  come  out  spon- 
taneously under  the  developing  solution,  I  know  not, 
for  we  had  not  patience  enough  to  try.  We  forced 
them  out  in  double  quick  time  with  red-hot  pokers  ; 
and  great  was  the  alarm  of  my  wife  to  see  me  rush 
madly  about  the  house  armed  with  these  weapons. 
Yet  the  plan  had  its  advantages ;  by  presenting  the 
point  of  the  poker  at  a  refractory  spot,  its  reluctance 


to  appear  was   speedily  overcome,  and  we  persuaded 
out  the  shadows.  *     *     * 

"  P.  S.  —  I  now  have  the  first  picture  I  ever  did, 
little,  if  at  all,  altered.  It  was  done  in  July,  1845, 
with  a  common  meniscus  lens.  1  have  just  got  a 
capital  negative  by  DR.  DIAMOND'S  plan,  but  which  is 
spoiled  by  the  metallic  abominations  in  Turner's  paper." 

A  Collodion  Difficulty. — With  reference  to  MR.  J. 
COOK'S  collodion,  I  would  suggest  that  his  ether  was 
indeed  "  still  very  strong"  of  acid ;  by  which  the  iodine 
was  set  free,  and  gave  him  "  nearly  a  port-wine  colour." 
This  is  a  common  occurrence  when  the  ether  or  the 
collodion  is  acid.  The  remedy  is  at  hand,  however. 
Powder  a  few  grains  of  cyanide  of  potassium,  and  intro- 
duce about  a  grain  at  a  time,  according  to  the  quantity  : 
shake  up  till  dissolved,  and  so  on,  until  you  get  the 
clear  golden  tint.  Thus  will  "  the  mystery  be  cleared 
up."  I  need  not  say  that  the  essential  properties  of  the 
solution  will  not  be  impaired.  ANDREW  STEINMETZ. 

P.  S.  —  In  a  day  or  two  I  shall  send  you  a  recipe  for 
easily  turning  to  immediate  use  the  "  used-up  dipping 
baths"  of  nitrate,  without  the  troublesome  process 
recommended  to  one  of  your  correspondents. 

Ferricyanide  of  Potassium.  —  I  have  used  with  success 
the  ferricyanide  of  potassium  (the  red  prussiate  of 
potash,  as  it  is  called)  for  removing  the  stains  con- 
tracted in  photographing.  This  it  does  very  readily 
when  the  stains  are  recent,  and  it  has  no  injurious 
effect  upon  cuts  and  sore  places  should  any  exist  on 
the  hands.  An  old  stain  may  with  a  little  pumice 
be  very  readily  removed.  I  have  mentioned  this  to 
several  friends,  and,  if  not  a  novelty,  it  is  certainly  not 
generally  known.  S.  PEI.HAM  DALE. 

Sion  College. 


to  iHtnnr 

Postage  System  of  the  Romans  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  350.). 
—  Your  correspondent  ARDELIO  probably  alludes 
to  the  system  of  posts  for  the  conveyance  of 
persons,  established  by  the  Romans  on  their  great 
lines  of  road.  An  account  of  this  may  be  seen  in 
the  work  of  Bergier,  Histoire  des  Grands  Chemins- 
de  V Empire  Romain,  lib.  iv. ;  and  compare  Gibbon's 
Decline  and  Fall,  chap.  xvii.  Communications 
•were  made  from  Rome  to  the  governors  of  pro- 
vinces, and  information  was  received  from  them, 
by  means  of  these  posts  :  see  Suet.  Oct.  c.  xlix. 
But  the  Romans  had  no  public  institution  for  the 
conveyance  of  private  letters.  A  letter  post  is  a 
comparatively  modern  institution  ;  in  England  it 
only  dates  from  the  reign  of  James  I.  An  account 
of  the  ancient  Persian  posts  is  given  by  Xenoph. 
Cyrop.  vin.  vi.  §  17,  18.  ;  Herod,  viii.  98. :  com- 
pare Sclileusner,  LexSN.  T.  in  ayyapevw.  L. 

As  a  proof  that  there  is  at  least  one  eminent  ex- 
ception to  the  assertion  of  ARDELIO,  that  "ive  know 
that  the  Romans  must  have  had  a  postal  system,'* 
I  send  the  following  extract  from  Dr.  William 


550 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities, 
sub  voc.  Tabellarius  : 

"As  the  Romans  had  no  public  post,  they  were 
obliged  to  employ  special  messengers,  who  were  called 
Tabellarii,  to  convey  their  letters,  when  they  had  not 
an  opportunity  of  sending  them  otherwise." 


Dublin. 

Epigram  on  the  Feuds  between  Handel  and  Bo- 
noncini  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  445.).  —  This  epigram,  which 
has  frequently  been  printed  as  Swift's,  was  written 
by  Dr.  Byrom  of  Manchester.  In  his  very  in- 
teresting Diary,  which  is  shortly  about  to  appear 
under  the  able  editorship  of  my  friend  Dr.  Par- 
kinson in  the  series  of  Chetharn  publications, 
Byrom  mentions  it. 

"  Nourse  asked  me  if  I  had  seen  the  verses  upon 
Handel  and  Bononcini,  not  knowing  that  they  were 
mine  ;  but  Sculler  said  I  was  charged  with  them,  and 
so  I  said  they  were  mine  ;  they  both  said  they  had  been 
mightily  liked."  —  Byrom's  Remains  (  Cheetham  Series), 
vol.  i.  part  i.  p.  1  73. 

The   verses    are   thus   more   correctly   given   in 
Byrom's  Works,  vol.i.  p.  342.,  edit.  1773  : 

"  Epigram  on  the  Feuds  between  Handel  and  Bononcini. 
Some  say,  compar'd  to  Bononcini, 
That  Mynheer  Handel's  but  a  ninny  ; 
Others  aver  that  he  to  Handel 
Is  scarcely  fit  to  hold  a  candle  : 
Strange  all  this  difference  should  be, 
'Twixt  Tweedledum  and  Tweedledee!" 

JAS.  CBOSSLET. 

Power  of  prophesying  before  Death  (Vol.  ii., 
p.  116.).  —  In  St.  Gregory's  Dialogues,  b.  iv. 
ch.  xxv.,  the  disciple  asks,  — 

"  Velim  scire  quonam  modo  agitur  quod  plerumque 
morientes  multa  przedicunt." 

The  answer  begins  (ch.  xxvi.),  — 

"  Ipsa  aliquando  animarum  vis  subtilitate  sua  aliquid 
praevidet.  Aliquando  autem  exituraa  de  corpore 
animse  per  revelationem  ventura  cognoscunt.  Ali- 
quando vero  dum  jam  juxta  sit  ut  corpus  deserant, 
divinitus  afflatae  in  secreta  ccelestia  incorporeum  mentis 
oculum  mittunt." 

J.  C.  Rr 

King  John  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  453.).  —  I  cannot  reply 
to  the  Queries  of  PRESTONIENSIS,  but  I  have  a 
note  of  a  grant  made  by  John  (as  Com.  Moritonice} 
of  the  tithes  of  the  parishes  between  Rible  and 
Merse,  which  appears  to  have  received  the  Bishop 
of  Coventry's  confirmation,  ap.  Cestriam,  an. 
2  Pont.  Papce  Codestini.  John's  grant  was  to  the 
Priory  of  Lancaster.  My  reference  is  to  Madox, 
Formulare  Anglicanum,  Lond.  1702,  p.  52,  MXCVI. 
The  deed  is  witnessed  by  Adam  de  Blakeburn 
and  Robert  de  Preston,  as  well  as  by  Phil.  Sanson 
(De  Worcester  ?)  and  others.  ANON. 


Demoniacal  Descent  of  the  Plantagenets  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  494.).  —  H.  B.  C.  will  find  another  passage, 
illustrative  of  this  presumption,  in  Henry  Knygh- 
ton's  Chronica : 

"  De  isto  quoque  Henrico,  quondam  infantulo  et 
in  curia  regis  Francorum  nutrito,  beatus  Bernardus 
Abbas  de  eo  sic  prophetavit,  preesente  rege,  De 
JDiabolo  venit,  et  ad  Diabolum  ibit :  Notans  per  hoc  tarn 
tyrannidem  patris  sui  Galfridi,  qui  Sagiensem  episco- 
pum  eunuchaverat,  quam  etiam  istius  Henrici  futuram 
atrocitatem  qua  in  beatum  Thomam  deseeviret."  — 
Twysden,  Hist.  Angl.  Scriptores,  pp.  2393.  32.,  and 
2399.  10. 

C.  H. 

Burial  Service  Tradition  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  451.).  — 
The  only  cases  in  which  a  clergyman  is  legally 
justified  in  refusing  to  read  the  entire  service 
over  the  body  of  a  parishioner  or  other  person 
admitted  to  burial  in  the  parochial  cemetery,  are 
the  three  which  are  mentioned  in  the  preliminary 
rubric,  which,  as  expounded  by  the  highest  au- 
thorities, are  as  follows  :  1.  In  case  the  person 
died  without  admission  to  the  universal  church  by 
Christian  baptism.  2.  Or  "  denounced  '  excommu- 
nicate majori  excommunicatione '  for  some  grievous 
and  notorious  crime,  and  no  man  able  to  testify  of 
his  repentance."  (Canon  68.)  3.  Or  felo  de  se; 
for  in  a  case  of  suicide  the  acquittal  of  the  de- 
ceased by  a  coroner's  jury  entitles  him  to  Christian 
burial.  The  extraordinary  notion  of  the  clergy- 
man, mentioned  by  the  REV.  S.  ADAMS,  is  certainly 
erroneous  in  law.  I  can  only  suppose  it  originated 
from  some  case  in  which  the  severance  of  the  de- 
ceased's right  hand  was  regarded  by  the  jury  as  a 
proof  that  he  did  not  kill  himself.  Except  in 
certain  special  cases,  none  but  parishioners  are 
entitled  to  burial  in  a  parochial  burying-place  at 
all.  ADVOCATUS. 

Paintings  of  our  Saviour  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  270.).  — 
Your  correspondent  J.  P.  may  hear  of  something 
to  his  advantage  by  visiting  the  church  of  Santa 
Prassede  (Saint  Praxedes  ?),  not  far  from  Santa 
Maria  Maggiore  in  Rome.  In  the  former  he  will 
see,  as  usual,  a  list  of  wonderful  relics  preserved 
therein,  and  amongst  them  "  A  Portrait  of  the 
Saviour,  presented  by  St.  Peter  to  Santa  Pras- 
sede." A  valuable  gift,  truly,  if  only  authentic. 
The  name  of  the  artist  is  not.  given,  I  believe,  in 
the  above  veracious  document.  They  had  better 
have  made  the  catalogue  complete  by  putting  in 
the  name  of  St.  Luke  himself,  whose  pencil,  I 
rather  think,  is  stated  to  have  furnished  other  such, 
portraits  elsewhere.  "  Credat  Juda3us !  " 

The  Santa  Prassede  above  alluded  to  is  stated 
to  have  been  a  daughter  of  Pudens,  mentioned  in 
the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul.  M.  H.  R. 

Widdrington  Famfty  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  375.).  — The 
church  of  Nunnington,  near  Helmsly,  in  the  ISTorth 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


551 


Biding  of  Yorkshire,  contains  two  handsome 
marble  monuments  of  Lords  Preston  and  Wid- 
drington.  The  old  hall  at  Nunnington,  now  oc- 
cupied by  a  farmer,  was  once  the  seat  of  Viscount 
Preston,  and  afterwards  of  Lord  Widdrington. 
William,  Lord  Widdrington,  who  is  said  to  be 
descended  from  the  brave  Witherington,  cele- 
brated in  Chevy  Chace  for  having  fought  upon  his 
stumps,  was  of  the  very  noble  and  ancient  family 
of  the  Widdringtons  of  Widdrington  Castle,  in 
the  county  of  Northumberland  ;  and  great-grand- 
son of  the  brave  Lord  Widdrington  who  was 
slain  gallantly  fighting  in  the  service  of  the  crown 
at  Wigan,  in  Lancashire,  in  1651.  William,  his 
grandson,  was  unfortunately  engaged  in  the  affair 
of  Preston  in  1715,  when  his  estate  became  for- 
feited to  the  crown,  and  he  afterwards  confined 
himself  to  private  life.  He  married  a  daughter  of 
the  Lord  Viscount  Preston  above  mentioned,  one  of 
the  co  -heiresses  of  the  estate  at  Nunnington,  and 
was  in  consequence  buried  in  the  family  vault  in 
1743,  aged  sixty-five.  For  other  particulars  of 
the  family  of  Widdrington,  see  Camden's  Britannia. 

THOMAS  GILL. 
Easingwold. 

Mathew,  a  Cornish  Family  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  22. 
289.)-  —  I  fear  I  cannot  give  the  REV.  H.  T.  EL- 
LACOMBE  much  information  on  the  point  he 
desires  of  the  descent  of  the  Devon  and  Cornwall 
branches  of  the  Mathew  family,  which  I  yet  en- 
tertain the  hope  some  of  your  readers  having 
access  to  the  Cambrian  genealogical  lore  at  Dine- 
vawr,  Penline,  Margam,  Fonmon,  and  other  places, 
may  be  able  to  graft  correctly  on  their  Welsh 
tree. 

I  was  unable  to  corroborate  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum the  marriages  given  in  the  Heralds'  Visita- 
tion of  Devon,  with  Starkey  and  Gamage.  Did  a 
son  of  Reynell  of  Malston  by  an  heir  of  Mathew 
take  that  name  ? 

MR.  ELLACOMBE  will  find  by  the  Heralds' 
Visitation  that  both  of  the  West  of  England 
branches  settled  before  1650  in  Cornwall,  the  one 
at  Tresingher,  the  other  at  Milton  ;  but  that  of 
the  former,  William  married  Elizabeth  Welling- 
ton, ^  and  John  married  Rebecca  Soame,  both  re- 
verting to  settle  in  Devonshire,  from  whom, 
perhaps,  his  ancestress  derives.  B. 

Birkenhead. 


unde  deriv.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  324.).  —  The 
perfect  impossibility  of  deriving  this  word  from 
?<mj/a  is  at  once  evident,  on  the  following  grounds  : 
1.  To  obtain  the  letter  TT,  recourse  is  had  to  the 
compound  form  e'c^Vra.uai  ;  but  where  have  we  a 
similar  instance,  in  any  derived  word,  of  the  e 
in  eV-  being  thus  absorbed,  and  the  TT  taken  to 
commence  a  fresh  word?  2.  Allowing  such  an 
extraordinary  process,  what  possible  meaning  of 


epiffTaiiai  can  be  adduced  in  the  slightest  degree 
corresponding  to  the  established  interpretation  of 


Throwing  aside  the  termination  -LS,  we  obtain 
the  letters  THST-,  which  a  very  slight  knowledge  of 
etymology  enables  us  to  trace  back  to  7rei'0a>  ;  for 
the  stem  of  this  verb  is  nie  (cf.  Aor.  2.  eiriBov), 
and  the  formation  of  the  adjective  iriffros  from  ire- 
Tmcrr-at  is  clearly  analogous  to  that  of  the  word  in 
question,  the  long  syllable  and  diphthong  et  being 
altered  into  the  short  and  single  letter  i,  to  which 
many  similar  instances  may  be  adduced.  <£. 

There  is  no  doubt  as  to  the  derivation  of 
from  7rei0w.  Compare  Kv^ans  from  Kvdca  or 
irpttTTts  or  TrpTjcms  from  Trp^dw,  TTVCTTIS  from  irvvddvo/j.ai. 
Verbs  of  this  form  introduce  the  <r  into  the  future 
and  other  inflected  tenses,  as  -jreicrca,  Trewro/iat.  L. 


Author  of  "  The  Whole  Duty  of  Man  "  (Vol.  vi., 
p.  537.).  —  It  is  asserted  in  the  English  Baronet- 
age (vol.  i.  p.  398.,  1741),  on  the  authority  of  Sir 
Herbert  Perrot  Pakington,  Bart.,  in  support  of 
the  claim  of  Lady  Pakington  to  the  authorship, 
"the  manuscript,  under  her  own  hand,  now  remains 
with  the  family."  Can  this  MS.  now  be  found  ? 

B.  H.  C. 

TaUe-turning  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  88.  135.,  &c.).  —  In 
turning  over  Sozomen's  Ecclesiastical  History,  I 
observed  at  b.  vi.  ch.  34.  an  account  of  the  trans- 
action already  printed  in  your  pages  from  Am- 
mianus  Marcellinus.  It  is  in  brief  as  follows  :  — 
Certain  philosophers  who  were  opposed  to  Chris- 
tianity were  anxious  to  learn  who  should  succeed 
Valens  in  the  empire.  After  trying  all  other 
kinds  of  divination,  they  constructed  a  tripod  (or 
table  with  three  legs  :  see  Servius  on  Virgil, 
2En.  in.  360.)  of  laurel  wood,  and  by  means  of 
certain  incantations  and  formulae,  succeeded  (by 
combining  the  letters  which  were  indicated,  one 
by  one,  by  a  contrivance  of  some  kind  connected 
with  the  table)  in  obtaining  Th.  E.  O.  D.  Now, 
being  anxious  and  hopeful  for  one  Theodorus  to 
succeed  to  the  throne,  they  concluded  that  he  was 
meant.  Valens,  hearing  of  it,  put  him  and  them 
to  death,  and  many  others  whose  names  began 
with  these  letters. 

On  referring  to  Socrates,  I  find  that  he  also 
names  the  circumstances  just  alluded  to.  Al- 
though he  does  not  give  all  the  particulars,  he 
adds  one  important  statement,  which  serves  to 
identify  the  thing  more  closely  with  modern 
table-moving  and  spirit-rapping.  "The  devil," 
he  says,  "induced  certain  curious  persons  to  prac- 
tise divination,  by  calling  up  the  spirits  of  the  dead 
(v€Kvoij.a.vTsia.v  Tro.il](ra.ff&ai),  in  order  to  find  out  who 
should  reign  after  Valens."  They  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining the  letters  Th.  E.  O.  D. 

I  observe  a  reference  to  Nicephorus,  b.  xi.  45., 
but  have  not  his  works  at  hand  to  consult. 


552 


NOTES  AKD  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


The  use  of  laurel,  in  the  construction  of  the 
table,  seems  to  connect  the  occurrences  with  the 
worship  of  Apollo.  Those  who  would  investigate 
the  subject  fully  must  consult  such  'passages  in  the 
classics  as  this  from  Lucan  ["Lucretius"?],  lib.  i. 
739-40.  : 

"  Sanctius  et  multo  certa  ratione  magis,  quam 
Pythia,  qua  tripode  ex  Phoebi  lauroque  profatur." 

I  have  a  reference  to  Le  Nourry,  p.  1345.,  who, 
I  see,  has  some  remarks  upon  the  passage  already 
given  from  Tertulliari ;  he,  however,  throws  little 
light  upon  the  subject. 

HENRY  H.  BREEN  (Yol.  viii.,  p.  330.)  says,  "  It 
is  not  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  table-turning 
.  .  .  .  .  was  practised  in  former  ages  :"  to  this  I 
think  we  may  now  subscribe.  B.  H.  C. 

Poplar. 

Pedigree  to  the  Time  of  Alfred  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  586. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  233.).  —  The  person  S.  D.  met  at  the 
"  King's  Head,"  Egham,  was  doubtless  Mr.  John 
Wapshott  of  Chertsey,  Surrey  (late  of  Almoner's 
Barn  Farm  in  that  neighbourhood),  an  intelligent, 
respectable  yeoman,  who  would  feel  much  pleasure 
in  giving  S.  D.  any  information  he  may  require. 

B.  S.  ELCOCK. 

Bath. 

Quotation  wanted  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  421.).  —  "  Ex- 
tinctus  amabitur  idem,"  is  from  Horace,  Epist.  n. 
i.  14.  (See  Vol.  vii.,  p.  81.)  P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

"  Hie  locus  odit,  amat"— In  Vol.  v.  of  "  N.&  Q.," 
at  p.  8.,  "  PROCURATOR"  gives  the  two  quaintly 
linked  lines — 

"  Hie  locus  odit,  amat,  punit,  conservat,  honorat 
Nequitiam,  leges,  crimina,  jura  probos." 

as  "carved  in  a  beam  over  the  Town  Hall  of 
Much  Wenlock,  in  Shropshire."  They  are  to  be 
found  also  in  the  ancient  hall  of  judicature  of  the 
"Palazzo  del  Podesta,"  at  Pistoja,  in  Tuscany. 
The  ancient  stone  seats,  with  their  stone  tabte  in 
front  of  them,  where  the  magistrates  of  the  republic 
administered  justice  in  the  days  of  the  city's  inde- 
pendence, are  still  remaining,  and  these  lines  are 
cut  in  the  stone  just  over  the  benches.  This, 
simple  and  primitive  tribunal  was  built  as  it  now 
stands  in  1307,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
verses  in  question  existed  there  before  they  found 
their  way  to  Much  Wenlock.  But  as  it  is  hardly 
likely  that  they  travelled  direct  from  Tuscany  into 
Shropshire,  the  probability  is  that  they  may  be 
found  in  some  other,  or  perhaps  in  many  other 
places.  I  have  not  been  able  to  light  on  any  clue 
to  the  authorship  or  history  of  the  lines.  Perhaps 
some  of  your  correspondents,  who  have  the  means 
of  wider  researches  than  this  city  commands,  might 
be  more  fortunate.  T.  A.°T. 

Florence,  March,  1854. 


Writings  of  the  Martyr  Bradford  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  450.).  —  In  reply  to  MR.  TOWNSEND'S  inquiry 
respecting  early  editions  of  Bradford's  writings,  I 
can  add  to  the  information  furnished  by  the  Editor 
that  the  copy  of  his  Hurt  of  Hearyng  Masse,  sold 
at  Mr.  Jolley's  sale,  was  purchased  subsequently  of 
Mr.  Thorpe,  and  deposited  in  the  Chetham  Li- 
brary.  This  edition  is  not  noticed  by  Watt. 

In  Stevens's  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Martyr- 
dom of  John  Bradford,  with  his  Examinations, 
Letters,  &fc.,  there  is  no  mention  of  the  letter  ad 
calcem  of  — 

"  An  Account  of  a  Disputation  at  Oxford,  Anno 
Domini  1554.  With  a  Treatise  of  the  Blessed  Sacra- 
ment ;  both  written  by  Bishop  Ridley,  Martyr.  To 
which  is  added  a  Letter  written  by  Mr.  John  Brad- 
ford, never  before  printed.  All  .taken  out  of  an 
original  manuscript  [and  published  by  Gilbert  Iron- 
side], Oxford,  1688,  4to." 

BlBLIOTHECAR.  CHETHAM. 

Latin  Inscription  on  Lindsey  Court-house  (Vol. 
ix.,  p.  492.).  —  Your  correspondent  L.  L.  L.  gives 
this  inscription  as  follows : 

"  Fiat  Justitia, 

1619. 

Hasc  domus 

Dit,  amat,  punit,  conservat,  honorat, 
Equitiam,  pacem,  crimina,  jura,  bonos." 

This  couplet,  in  its  correct  form,  evidently  stood 
thus  : 

"  Hajc  custodit,  amat,  punit,  conservat,  honorat, 
^Equitiam,  pacem,  crimina,  jura,  bonos." 

That  is  to  say, 

"  Custodit  agquitiam,  amat  pacem,  punit  crimina, 
conservat  jura,  honorat  bonos." 

The  substantive  of  cequus  is  cequiias,  not  cequitia. 
If  these  verses  were  composed  in  good  Latinity, 
the  first  word  of  the  pentameter  probably  was 
justitiam.  L. 

Blanco  White's  Sonnet  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  404.  486. ; 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  469.). — This  sonnet  is  so  beautiful, 
that  I  hope  it  will  suffer  no  disparagement  in  the 
eyes  of  any  of  your  admiring  readers,  if  I  remind 
them  of  a  passage  in  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  Quin- 
cunx, which  I  conceive  may  have  inspired  the 
brilliant  genius  of  Blanco  White  on  this  occasion. 
I  regret  that  I  have  not  the  precise  reference  to 
the  passage : 

"Light"  (says  Browne)  "that  makes  things  seen,  makes 
some  things  invisible.  Were  it  not  for  darkness,  and 
the  shadow  of  the  earth,  the  noblest  part  of  creation  had 
remained  unseen,  and  the  stars  in  heaven  as  invisible  as 
on  the  fourth  day,  when  they  were  created  above  the 
horizon  with  the  sun,  or  there  was  not  an  eye  to  behold 
them.  The  greatest  mystery  of  religion  is  expressed 
by  adumbration  ;  and,  in  the  noblest  part  of  the  Jewish 
types,  we  find  the  cherubim  shadowing  the  rnercy 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


553 


seat.  Life  itself  is  but  the  shadow  of  death,  and  souls 
departed  but  the'shadovvs  of  the  living  :  all  things  fall 
under  this  name.  The  sun  itself  is  but  the  dark  simula- 
crum, and  light  but  the  shadow  of  God.'" 

J.  SANSOM. 
Oxford. 

"Wise  men  labour,"  frc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  468.).— 
The  following  version  of  these  lines  is  printed  in 
the  Collection  of  Loyal  Songs,  written  against  the 
Hump  Parliament  between  the  Years  1639 — 1661  : 

"  Complaint. 

"  Wise  men  suffer,  good  men  grieve, 
Knaves  devise  and  fools  believe  ; 
Help,  O  Lord  !  send  aid  unto  us, 
Else  knaves  and  fools  will  quite  undo  us." 

These  four  lines  constitute  the  whole  of  the  piece, 

which  is  anonymous :  vol.  i.  p.  27.,  and  also  on  the 

title-page.  B.  H.  C. 

[We  are  indebted  to  S-C.  P.  J.  for  a  similar  reply.] 

Copernicus  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  447.). — This  inscription, 
as  given  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  contains  two  false  quan- 
tities, Grdtiam  and  Veniam.  May  I  suggest  the 
transposal  of  the  two  words,  and  then  all  will  be 
right,  at  least  as  to  prosody,  which,  in  Latin  poetry, 
seems  to  override  all  other  considerations. 

C.  DE  LA  PRYME. 

N.B. — What  is  the  nominative  to  poor  dederat? 

Meals,  Meols  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  208.  298.  ;  Vol.  ix., 
p.  409.). — The  word  "  mielles"  is  of  frequent  oc- 
currence in  Normandy  and  the  Channel  Islands, 
where  it  is  applied  to  sandy  downs  bordering  the 
sea- shore.  It  is  not  to  be  found  in  French  dic- 
tionaries, and,  like  the  words  hougue,  falaise,  and 
others  in  use  in  Normandy,  has  probably  come 
down  from  the  Northmen,  who  gave  their  name  to 
that  province.  EDGAR  MACCULLOCH. 

Guernsey. 

Tlyron  and  Rochefoucauld  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  347.). — 
Allow  me  to  refer  your  correspondent  SIGMA  to 
" N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  i.,  p.  260.,  where,  under  the  signa- 
ture of  MELANION,  I  noted  Byron's  two  unacknow- 
ledged obligations  to  La  Rochefoucauld,  and  the 
blunder  made  in  the  note  on  Don  Juan,  canto  iii. 
st.  4.  SIGMA  will  also  find  these  and  other  passages 
from  Byron  given  among  the  notes  in  the  trans- 
lation of  La  Rochefoucauld,  published  in  1850 
(June)  by  Messrs.  Longman  and  Co. 

C.  FORBES. 

Temple. 

Robert  Eden  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  374.).— Kobert  Eden, 
Archdeacon  and  Prebendary  of  Winchester,  was 
the  son  of  Robert  Eden,  ofNewcastle-upon-Tyne. 
The  Edens  of  Auckland  and  the  Edens  of  New- 
castle were  descended  from  two  brothers.  The 
Archdeacon  was  fourth  cousin  of  the  first  baronet. 


His  daughter,  Mary,  married  Ebenezer  Blackwell, 
Esq.,  and  their  daughter,  Philadelphia,  married 
Lieut.-Col,  G.  R.  P.  Jarvis,  of  Doddington,  in 
Lincolnshire.  I  am  descended  from  a  first  cousin 
of  the  Archdeacon,  and  could  furnish  R.  E.  C.,  if 
I  knew  his  address,  with  farther  particulars  re- 
specting the  Edens  of  Newcastle.  E.  H.  A. 

Dates  of  Maps  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  396.).— I  think  the 
answer  to  MR.  WARDEN'S  very  just  complaint  re- 
specting maps  not  bein<£  dated  is  easily  accounted 
for,  much  more  easily,  I  fear,  than  reformed.  The 
last  published  map  is  considered  the  most  exact 
and  useful ;  it,  therefore,  is  the  interest  of  the  map- 
seller  to  sell  off  all  of  the  old  ones  that  he  can ; 
hence  it  is  difficult,  unless  some  pains  are  taken,  to 
ascertain  which  is  the  last.  A.  publishes  a  new 
map  of  France,  B.  then  publishes  one ;  but  both 
avoid  putting  the  date,  as  the  oldest  date  would 
sell  fewer,  and  the  newer  map  proprietor  expects  a 
still  newer  one  soon  to  appear.  By  A.  I  do  not 
mean  to  allude  to  Mr.  Arrowsmith  in  particular, 
who  is  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best,  map-seller 
we  have.  But  why  are  large  military  map-sellers 
so  much  dearer  with  us  than  on  the  Continent  ?  I 
must  except  the  Ordnance  map,  which  is  now 
sold  cheaply,  thanks  entirely  to  Mr.  Hume's  exer- 
tions in  parliament.  A.  (1) 

Miss  Elstob  (Vol.  iii.,  p.  497.).  —  This  surname 
is  so  uncommon  that  I  have  met  with  but  three 
instances  of  persons  bearing  it ;  one  was  the  lady 
referred  to  by  your  correspondent,  the  second  was 
her  brother,  the  Rev.  William  Elstob,  and  the 
third  was  Dryden  Elstob,  who  served  for  some 
time  in  the  3rd  Light  Dragoons,  and  also,  I  be- 
lieve, in  the  Royal  Navy,  — at  least  I  know  that  he 
used  to  wear  a  naval  uniform  in  the  streets  of 
London.  I  believe  that  the  family  was  settled  at 
one  time  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne.*  What  is  known 
of  the  family  ?  JUVERNA. 

Corporation  Enactments  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  300.). — 
Your  correspondent  ABHBA  having  omitted  to 
mention  where  he  found  the  curious  piece  of  in- 
formation which  under  this  title  he  supplied  to 
you,  I  beg  leave  to  supply  the  deficiency.  The 
same  paragraph,  nearly  verbatim,  has  been  long 
since  published  in  a  book  which  is  by  no  means 
rare,  the  Dublin  Penny  Journal,  vol.  i.  p.  226. 
(No.  29,  January  12,  1833),  where  it  appears 
thus : 

"  In  the  town  books  of  the  corporation  of  Youghal, 
among  many  other  singular  enactments  of  that  body, 
are  two  which  will  now  be  regarded  as  curiosities. 
In  the  years  1680  and  1700,  a  cook  and  a  barber  were 
made  freemen,  on  condition  that  they  should  severally 

[*  Both  William  Elstob  and  his  learned  sister  were 
born  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  of  which  place  their 
father,  Ralph  Elstob,  was  a  merchant.] 


554 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  241. 


dress  the  mayor's  feasts,  and  shave  the  corporation  — 
gratis  ! " 

Is  not  this  the  very  paragraph  which  has  been 
supplied  to  you  as  an  original  ?  The  attempt  to 
disguise  it  by  the  alteration  of  two  or  three  words 
is  below  criticism.  Surely,  if  passages  from 
common  or  easily  accessible  books  are  to  occupy 
valuable  space  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  it  is  not 
too  much  to  expect  that  reference  be  honestly 
given  to  the  work  which  may  be  cited. 

AKTERUS. 

Dublin. 

Misapplication  of  Terms  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  361.). — 
Your  correspondent  is  quite  entitled  to  the  re- 
ferences he  demands,  and  which  I  had  considered 
superfluous.  I  beg  to  refer  him  to  the  school 
dictionaries  in  use  by  my  boys,  viz.  Mr.  Young's 
and  Dr.  Carey's  edition  of  Ainsiuorth,  abridged  by 
Dr.  Morell ;  also  to  the  following,  all  I  possess, 
viz.  Dr.  Adam  Littleton's,  4to.  4th  ed.,  1703; 
Robertson's  ed.  of  Gouldman,  4to.,  1674;  and 
Gesner's  Thesaurus,  4  vols.  fol.  I  may  add  that 
the  observations  of  Home  Tooke  are  quite  to  my 
mind,  especially  when  applied  to  the  "  legendary 
stories  of  nurses  and  old  women."  (Todd's  John- 
son.) 

Working  in  the  same  direction  as  your  corre- 
spondent who  has  caused  this  invasion  of  your 
space,  I  cannot  resist  the  opportunity  of  protest- 
ing against  the  use  of  "  opened  up  "  and  "  opened 
out,"  as  applied  to  the  developments  of  national 
enterprise  and  industry.  These  expressions, 
common  to  many,  and  frequently  to  be  read  in 
the  "leading  journal,"  stand  a  fair  chance  of  be- 
coming established  vulgarisms.  It  is,  however, 
something  worse  than  slipshod  when  a  paper  of 
equal  pretension,  and  more  particularly  addressed 
to  the  families  of  the  educated  classes,  informs  its 
readers  "that  some  of  the  admirers  of  the  late 
Justice  Talfourd  contemplate  the  erection  of  a 
cenotaph  over  his  grave  in  the  cemetery  at  Nor- 
wood." (Illustrated  News,  March  25,  1854.) 

SQUEERS, 

Dotheboys. 


NOTES    ON   BOOKS,   ETC. 

On  the  publication  of  the  first  volume  of  Mr.  Peter 
Cunningham's  edition  of  The  Works  of  Oliver  Gold- 
smith, we  did  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  "the  best, 
handsomest,  and  cheapest  edition  of  Goldsmith  which 
has  ever  issued  from  the  press."  The  work  is  now 
completed  by  the  publication  of  the  fourth  volume, 
which  contains  Goldsmith's  Biographies  ;  Reviews  ; 
Animated  Nature ;  Cock  Lane  Ghost ;  Vida's  Game 
of  Chess  (now  first  printed  as  it  has  been  found  tran- 
scribed in  Goldsmith's  handwriting  from  the  original 
MS.  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Bolton  Corney),  and 


his  Letters.  And  after  a  careful  revision  of  the  book, 
we  do  not  hesitate  to  repeat  our  original  opinion.  It 
is  a  book  which  every  lover  of  Goldsmith  will  delight 
to  place  upon  his  shelves. 

We  have  to  congratulate  Mr.  Darling,  and  also  all 
who  are  interested  in  any  way  in  theological  literature, 
on  the  completion  of  that  portion  of  his  Cyclopaedia 
Bibliographica  which  gives  us,  under  the  names  of  the 
authors,  an  account,  not  only  of  the  best  works  extant 
in  various  branches  of  literature,  but  more  particularly 
on  those  important  divisions,  biblical  criticism,  com- 
mentaries, sermons,  dissertations,  and  other  illustra- 
tions of  the  Holy  Scriptures ;  the  constitution, 
government,  and  liturgies  of  the  Christian  Church  ; 
ecclesiastical  history  and  biography ;  the  works  of  the 
Fathers,  and  all  the  most  eminent  Divines.  We  sin- 
cerely trust  that  a  work  so  obviously  useful,  and  which 
has  been  so  carefully  compiled,  will  meet  with  such 
encouragement  as  will  justify  Mr.  Darling  in  very 
speedily  going  to  press  with  the  second  and  not  less 
important  division  —  that  in  which,  by  an  alphabetical 
arrangement  of  subjects,  a  ready  reference  may  be 
made  to  books,  treatises,  sermons,  and  dissertations 
on  nearly  all  heads  of  divinity,  theological  con- 
troversy, or  ecclesiastical  inquiry.  The  utility  of  such 
an  Index  is  too  obvious  to  require  one  word  of  argu- 
ment in  its  favour. 

The  subject  of  the  non-purchase  of  the  Faussett 
Collection  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum 
was  brought  be/ore  Parliament  by  Mr.  Ewart  on 
Thursday,  1st  June,  when  copies  were  ordered  to  be 
laid  before  the  House  of  Commons  "of  all  reports, 
memorials,  or  other  communications  to  or  from  the 
Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  on  the  subject  of  the 
Faussett  Collection  of  Anglo-Saxon  Antiquities." 

BOOKS  RECEIVED.  —  Miss  Strickland's  Lives  of  the 
Queens  of  England,  Vol.  VI.  This  volume  is  entirely 
occupied  with  the  biography  of  Mary  Beatrice  of 
Modena,  the  Queen  of  James  II.,  in  which  Miss 
Strickland  has  availed  herself  of  a  large  mass  of  inedited 
materials.  —  Selections  from  the  Writings  of  the  Rev. 
Sydney  Smith,  forming  Nos,  61.  and  62.  of  Longman's 
Traveller's  Library,  and  containing  his  admirable 
Essays  on  Education,  the  Ballot,  American  Debts, 
Wit  and  Humour,  the  Conduct  of  the  Understanding, 
and  Taste. —  Critical  and  Historical  Essays,  8cc  ,  by 
the  Right  Honourable  T.  B.  Macaulay,  People's 
Edition,  Part  III.,  includes  his  Essays  on  Lord 
Mahon's  War  of  Succession,  Walpole's  Letters,  Lord 
Chatham,  Mackintosh's  History  of  the  Revolution,  and 
Lord  Bacon.  —  Annotated  Edition  of  the  English  Poets, 
edited  by  Robert  Bell.  This  month's  issue  consists  of 
the  second  volume  of  the  Poetical  Works  of  William 
Cowper. 


BOOKS   AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

THE  TRIALS  OF  ROBERT  POWELL,  EDWARD  BURCH,  AND  MATTHEW- 
MARTIN,  FOR  FORGERY,  AT  THE  OLD  BAILEY.  London.  8vo. 
1771. 

Wanted  by  J.  N.  Chadwick,  Esq.,  King's  Lynn. 


JUNE  10.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


555 


AYRE'S  LIFE  op  POPE.    2  Vols.     1741. 

POPE  AND  SWIFT'S  MISCELLANIES.      1727.     2  Vols.  (Motte),  with 

two  Vols.  subsequently  published,  together  4  Vols. 
FAMILIAR  LRTTEKS  TO  H.  CROMWELL  BY  MR.  POPE.     Curl,  1/27. 
POPE'S  LITERARY  CORRESPONDENCE.    Curl,  1735-6.    6  Vols. 
POPE'S  WORKS.    4to.     1717. 

POPE'S  CORRESPONDENCE  WITH  WYCHERLEY.     Gilhver,  1729. 
NARRATIVE  OF  DR.  ROBERT  NORRIS  CONCERNING  FRENZY  OF  J.  D. 

Lintot,  1713. 
THE   NEW  REHEARSAL,  OR   BAYES  THE  YOUNGER.     Roberts, 

1714. 

COMPLETE  ART  OF  ENGLISH  POETRY.    2  Vols. 
GAY'S  MISCELLANEOUS  WORKS.    4  Vols.    12mo.    17/3. 

RlCHARDSONIANA,  OR    REFLECTIONS  ON    MORAL    NATURE    OF  MAN. 

1776. 

A  COLLECTION  OF  VERSES,  ESSAYS,  &c.,  occasioned  by  Pope  and 
Swift's  Miscellanies.     1728. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Francis,  14.  Wellington  Street  North,  Strand. 


A  TRUE  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  VOYAGE  OF  THE  NOTTINGHAM-GALLEY 
OF  LONDON,  £c.,  by  Captain  John  Dean.  8vo.  London,  1711. 

A  Falsification  of  the  above,  by  Longman,  Miller,  and  White. 
London,  1711.  8vo. 

A  LETTER  FROM  Moscow  TO  THE  MARQUIS  OF  CARMARTHEN, 
relating  to  the  Czar  of  Muscovy's  Forwardness  in  his  great 
Navy  since  his  return  home,  by  J.  Deane.  London,  1699.  Fol. 

HOURS  OF  IDLENESS,  LORD  BYRON.    8vo.    Newark,  1807. 

BACON'S  ESSAYS  IN  LATIN. 

Wanted  by  S.  F.  Creswell,  King's  College,  London. 


THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND  MAGAZINE. 
good  order,  and  in  the  cloth  case. 


Vol.  XXI.     1846.     In 
"Wanted  by  the  Rev.  B.  H.  Blacker,  11 .  Pembroke  Road,  Dublin. 


FATHER  BRIDOUL'S  SCHOOL  OF  THE  EUCHARIST.  Trans,  by  Claget. 

London, Io87. 
FREITAGHH  MYTHOLOGIA  ETHICA,  with  138  Plates.    Antv.  1579. 

4to. 

Wanted  by  J.  G.,  care  of  Messrs.  Ponsonby,  Booksellers,  Grafton 
Street,  Dublin. 


to 


Y.  S.  M.     The  letter  to  this  Correspondent  has  been  for  warded. 

W.  S.  Can  our  correspondent  .find  a  more  correct  report  of  the 
lines  quoted  at  the  meeting  of  the  Peace  Society?  Those  sent  to  us 
are  certainly  inaccurate. 

R.  B.  ALLEN.  The  monument  in  the  chancel  of  the  church  of 
Stansted  Montfichet,  in  Essex,  is  to  Sir  Thomas  (not  Hugh) 
Middleton.  See  Wright's  Essex,  vol.  ii.  p.  160. 

Other  Correspondents  shall  be  answered  next  week. 

ERRATA.  Vol.  ix.,  p.  193.,  throughout  the  "  Curious  Marriage 
Agreement,"  for  Jacob  Sprier  read  Jacob  Spicer.  He  was  an  in- 
habitant of  Cape  May  County,  New  Jersey.  —  Page  468.  col  i.  line 
26.,  for  1789  read  1759.  —  Page  477.,  in  art.  "Old  Rowley,"  for 
"father  of  the  Jury,"  read  "father  of  the  Turf."  —  Page  469.  ,m 
quotation  from  Ausonius,for  "  erplevi  "  read  "  explevi." 

OUR  EIGHTH  VOLUME  is  now  bound  and  ready  for  delivery, 
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"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
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MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
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Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
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Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
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ZELD'S    PUZiFXT. 


THE  Executrix  of  a  deceased 
Clergyman,  amongst  other  interesting 
local  Relics  collected  by  her  late  husband,  is 
possessed  of  the  PULPIT  in  which  Whitefield 
is  supposed  to  have  preached  his  First  Sermon  ; 
and,  at  the  time  of  the  restoration  of  St.  Mary- 
de-Cryps,  Gloucester,  passed  into  the  present 
owner's  possession. 

The  Pulpit  is  Oak,  with  carved  panels,  in 
shape  hectagonal,  and  has  a  sounding-board. 
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as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
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556 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  241. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

THE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 
TOGRAPHS, by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish   and   Continental     Artists,    is     OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.    Free  Admission. 

£  s.  cL 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -  1  1  0 

Additional  Copies  (each)  -  -050 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(small  size)  -  -  -  -  3  3  0 

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COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
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Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
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***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
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every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
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BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
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IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
DION._  J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
end  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
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•which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
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Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

SITIVK    PAPER    PROCESS.       By    J.    B. 
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GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
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of 

the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOR 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC.' 


found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  242.] 


SATURDAY,  JUNE  17.  1854. 


C  Price  Fourpence. 
£  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 


XOTES:- 
,   Political 


Page 


Predictions,    by    Henry    H. 

-----    659 
Deriyation  of  the  "Word  "  Bigot  "  -    560 

"Book  of  Almanacs,"  by  Professor  De 

Morgan 561 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Distances  at  which 
Sounds  have  been  heard  —  Anagram 

—  Logan  or  Hocking  Stones     -          -    561 

•QUERIES:— 

A  Rubens  Query     -          -          -          -    561 
"The  Paxs  Pennies  of  William  the  Con- 
queror       -          -          -          -          -    562 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Peculiar,  Customs 
at  Preston,  in  Lancashire  —  Obsolete 
Statutes  —  Sale  of  Offices  and  Salaries 
in  the  Seventeenth  Century  —  Board 
of  Trade  —  Sacheverell's  and  Charles 
Lamb's  Residences  in  the  Temple  — 
Braddock  and  Orme  -  -  -  562 

MINOR  QUERIES  WITH  ANSWERS  :  — 
Cromwell's  Bible  —  Canne's  Bible  — 
Dryden  and  Luke  Milbourne— Portrait 
Painters  of  the  last  Century  —  .2Etna 

—  Sir  Adam,  or  Sk  Ambrose,  Brown    563 

EEPI.I F.S  :  — 

Norwich,    Kirkpatrick     Collection  of 

MSS.  for  the    History   of,   by  B.  B. 

Woodward,  &c.    -  564 

Early  German  Coloured  Engravings  -  565 
The  Bellman  at  Newgate,   by  J.  W. 

Farrer  -  565 

Herbert's  "Church Porch"          -  -  566 

Ancient  Usages  of  the  Church     -  -  566 

Popiana,  by  R.  Carruthers            -  -  568 

Catholic  Floral  Directories          -  -  568 

PHOTOORAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Mr. 
Lyte's  New  Instantaneous  Process  — 
Photographs,  &c.  of  the  Crystal  Palace 

—  Soluble  Cotton  —  Cameras    -          -    570 

.REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Shak- 
speare  Portrait  —  "  Aches"  —  "  Waes- 
tart  "  -  Willow  Bark  in  Ague  -  Lord 
Fairfax  —  The  Young  Pretender  — 
Dobney's  Bowling-green  ;  Wildman  ; 
campson  —  Palaeologus — Children  by 
one  Mother  -  Robert  Brown  the  Sepa- 
ratist _  Hero  of  the  "  Spanish  Lady's 
Love"— Niagara—Hymn  attributed  to 
Handel  —  Marquis  of  Granby  —  Con- 
vocation and  the  Society  for  the  Pro- 
pagation of  the  Gospel  —  Cassie  — 
r'  Three  cats  sat,"  &c.  _  Tailless  Cats 
-  Francklyn  Household  Book  — 
'"Violet-crowned  "  Athens  _  Smith  of 
Nevis  and  St.  Kitt's  —  Hydropathy  _ 
Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton  —  Lord 
Brousrham  and  Home  Tooke  —  Irish 
.Rhymes  —  Cabbages  —  Sir  William 
'  Usher,"  not  "  Upton "  —  "  Buckle  " 
.  Cornwall  Family  _  John  of  Gaunt 
-"  Wellesley"or"  Wesley"— Mantel- 
piece- "  Perturbabantur,"  &c.  _  Edi- 
tion of"  Othello  "  -  Perspective  - 
"  Go  to  Bath,"  &c.  -  -  -  5?! 

MISCELLANEOUS  :_ 

Books  and  Odd  Volumes  Wanted         -    579 
J<  oticcs  to  Correspondents  -          -    579 


VOL.  IX No.  242. 


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NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


559 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  17,  1854. 


POLITICAL    PREDICTIONS. 

It  would  be  interesting,  and  perhaps  not  wholly 
unprofitable,  to  bring  together  the  various  at- 
tempts that  have  been  made  to  shadow  forth  the 
approaching  crisis  in  the  political  world.  As 
literary  curiosities,  such  things  may  be  worth 
preserving  ;  and  I  therefore  send  you  a  few  sam- 
ples as  a  contribution. 

The  first  is  from  the  Abbe  De  la  Mennais, 
whose  words,  uttered  about  twenty  years  ago,  are 
thus  given  in  a  provincial  paper  : 

"  England,  like  all  other  countries,  has  had  her 
period  of  aggrandisement  ;  during  a  whole  century 
Europe  has  seen  her  dawning  above  the  horizon  until, 
having  attained  her  highest  degree  of  splendour,  she 
has  begun  to  decline,  and  this  decline  dates  from  the 
day  of  which  the  fall  of  Napoleon,  due  principally  to 
her  exertions,  marked  the  most  brilliant  period  of  her 
glory.  Since  that  time  her  policy  has  undergone  a 
striking  change,  which  every  year  becomes  more  evi- 
dent. Instead  of  that  vigour  and  promptitude  of  reso- 
lution of  which  she  used  to  give  so  many  proofs  (though 
they  could  not  all  be  praised  alike,  because  there  were 
more  than  one  act  repugnant  to  morality),  she  is  now 
timid,  she  hesitates,  she  labours  painfully  through  the 
dark  and  crooked  paths  of  diplomacy,  and  substitutes 
intrigue  for  action  ;  incapable,  it  would  seem,  of  tak- 
ing a  decisive  part  at  the  right  moment,  even  on  the 
most  momentous  occasions.  The  English  nation  has 
evidently  lost  its  strength,  or  the  belief  in  its  strength  ; 
and  as  to  actual  results,  one  differs  not  from  the  other. 
Look  at  this  England,  so  haughty,  so  wedded  to  her 
interests,  so  skilful  formerly  in  defending  them,  so  bold 
in  extending  their  influence  over  the  whole  world  ; 
look  at  her  now  in  the  presence  of  Russia.  Humbled, 
braved  by  that  young  power,  one  would  say  that  she 
trembles  before  its  genius.  The  Czars  exercise  over 
her  a  species  of  fascination  which  disturbs  her  councils 
and  relaxes  the  muscles  of  her  robust  arms.  The  con- 
quests of  the  Russians  in  the  East  menace  the  posses- 
sions of  England  in  India  ;  they  close  the  Dardanelles 
to  her  fleets,  they  shut  out  her  commerce  from  the 
mouths  of  the  Danube  and  the  shores  of  the  Black 
Sea.  After  what  fashion  would  she  have  resisted  these 
things  thirty  years  ago  ?  " 

The  next  quotation  is  from  Alison's  History  of 
Europe  from  the  Fall  of  Napoleon,  published  in 
1852.  In  chap.  i.  p.  68.,  after  citing  some  lines 
from  Gray  on  Education  and  Government,  he  thus 
proceeds  : 

"  It  will  be  so  to  the  end  of  the  world  ;  for  in  the 
north,  and  there  alone,  are  found  the  privations  which 
insure  hardihood,  the  poverty  which  impels  to  con- 
quest, the  difficulties  which  rouse  to  exertion.  Irre- 
sistible to  men  so  actuated  is  the  attraction  which  the 
climate  of  the  south,  the  riches  of  civilisation,  exercise 
on  the  poverty  and  energy  of  the  native  wilds.  Slowly 


but  steadily,  for  two  centuries,  the  Muscovite  power 
has  increased,  devouring  everything  which  it  approaches 
—  ever  advancing,  never  receding.  Sixty-six  millions 
of  men,  doubling  every  half  century,  now  obey  the 
mandates  of  the  Czar;  whose  will  is  law,  and  who 
leads  a  people  whose  passion  is  conquest.  Europe 
may  well  tremble  at  the  growth  of  a  power  possessed 
of  such  resources,  actuated  by  such  desires,  led  by  such 
ability ;  but  Europe  alone  does  not  comprise  the  whole 
family  of  mankind.  The  great  designs  of  Providence 
are  working  out  their  accomplishment  by  the  passions 
of  the  free  agents  to  which  their  execution  has  been 
intrusted.  Turkey  will  yield,  Persia  be  overrun  by 
Muscovite  battalions  ;  the  original  birth-place  of  our 
religion  will  be  rescued  by  their  devotion ;  and  as  cer- 
tainly as  the  Transatlantic  hemisphere,  and  the  islands 
of  the  Indian  Sea,  will  be  peopled  by  the  self-acting 
passions  of  Western  democracy,  will  the  plains  of  Asia 
be  won  to  the  Cross  by  the  resistless  arms  of  Eastern 
despotism." 

I  shall  conclude  Avith  two  or  three  extracts  from 
a  pamphlet,  published  some  time  last  year  at 
Toronto,  and  bearing  the  significant  title,  The 
coming  Struggle  among  the  Nations  of  the  Earth ; 
or  the  Political  Events  of  the  next  Fifteen  Years, 
8fc.  The  writer  begins  by  interpreting,  as  appli- 
cable to  the  present  times,  the  prophecies  of 
Ezekiel,  Daniel,  and  the  Apocalypse,  from  which 
he  foretells  the  following  events  : 

1.  The   seizure   of  Constantinople,    and  over- 
throw of  Turkey  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia. 

2.  War  between  France    and  Austria  :    over- 
throw of  the  latter,  and  consequent  destruction  of 
the  Papacy. 

3.  The  conquest  of  the  Horns  or  Continental 
Powers  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia. 

4.  Britain  rapidly  extends  her  Eastern  posses- 
sions, prevents  the  occupation  of  Judea,  and  com- 
pletes the  first  stage  of  the  restoration  of  the 
Jews. 

The  writer  then  continues  in  the  following 
strain : 

"  Turning  his  eyes  eastward  on  the  wealth  and  pros- 
perity of  the  countries  under  British  protection,  the 
triumphant  conqueror  of  Europe  will  conceive  the  idea 
of  spoiling  them,  and  appropriating  their  goods  and 
cattle.  Scarcely  is  this  idea  formed,  than  its  execution 
is  begun ;  and  sudden  and  terrific  as  a  whirlwind  he 
enters  the  '  glorious  land.'  So  sudden  and  unexpected 
is  his  onslaught,  that  the  British  power  is  unprepared, 
and  Egypt,  Ethiopia,  and  Libya  fall  into  his  hands. 

"  Meanwhile,  Britain  has  been  making  strenuous 
efforts  to  stop  the  progress  of  this  gigantic  Napoleon  ; 
and  every  soldier  that  can  be  spared  is  sent  away  in 
the  direction  of  the  rising  sun.  But  what  can  the 
British  army  do  against  such  a  host  as  the  Russian 
autocrat  has  around  him  ?  Brave  as  the  officers  and 
men  may  be,  what  success  or  what  renown  can  be 
gained  in  such  an  unequal  conflict?  In  the  critical 
emergency,  the  parent  island  sends  a  cry  across  the 
Atlantic,  '  Come  over  and  help  us ! '  Swiftly  is  the 
sound  borne  over  the  waves,  and  soon  an  answering 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  242. 


echo  is  wafted  back  from  the  shores  of  Columbia. 
The  cause  is  common,  and  the  struggle  must  be  com- 
mon too.  *  We  are  coming,  brother  John,  we  are 
coming,'  is  the  noble  reply  ;  and,  almost  ere  it  is  de- 
livered, a  fleet  of  gallant  vessels  is  crossing  the  Pacific, 
with  the  stars  and  stripes  gleaming  on  every  mast. 
Another  force  is  on  its  way  from  the  far  south,  and 
soon  the  flower  and  strength  of  Anglo-Saxon  race 
meet  on  the  sacred  soil  of  Palestine.  The  intelligence 
of  their  approach  reaches  the  sacrilegious  usurper,  and 
he  leads  forth  his  army  towards  the  mountains  that  rise 
In  glory  round  about  Jerusalem.  The  Jews  within  the 
city  now  arm  themselves,  and  join  the  army  that  has 
come  from  the  east  and  west,  the  north  and  south,  for 
their  protection :  and  thus  these  two  mighty  masses  meet 
fece  to  face,  and  prepare  for  the  greatest  physical  battle 
that  ever  was  fought  on  this  struggling  earth.  On  the 
one  side  the  motley  millions  of  Russia,  and  the  nations 
of  Continental  Europe,  are  drawn  up  on  the  slopes  of 
the  hills,  and  the  sides  of  the  valleys  toward  the  north  ; 
while,  on  the  other,  are  ranged  the  thousands  of 
Britain  and  her  offspring  ;  from  whose  firm  and  regular 
ranks  gleam  forth  the  dark  eyes  of  many  of  the  sons  of 
Abraham,  determined  to  preserve  their  newly  recovered 
city  or  perish,  like  their  ancestors  of  a  former  age,  in 
its  ruins. 

**  All  is  ready.  That  awful  pause,  which  takes  place 
before  the  shock  of  battle,  reigns  around ;  but  ere  it  is 
broken  by  the  clash  of  meeting  arms,  and  while  yet  the 
contending  parties  are  at  a  little  distance  from  each 
other,  a  strange  sound  is  heard  over  head.  The  time 
for  the  visible  manifestation  of  God's  vengeance  has 
arrived,  his  fury  has  come  up  in  his  face,  and  He  calls 
for  a  sword  against  Gog  throughout  all  the  mountains. 
*Tis  this  voice  of  the  Lord  that  breaks  the  solemn 
stillness,  and  startles  the  assembled  hosts.  The  scene 
that  follows  baffles  description.  Amid  earthquakes 
and  showers  of  fire,  the  bewildered  and  maddened 
armies  of  the  autocrat  rush,  sword  in  hand,  against 
each  other,  while  the  Israelites  and  their  Anglo-Saxon 
friends  gaze  on  the  spectacle  with  amazement  and  con- 
sternation. It  does  not  appear  that  they  will  even  lift 
their  band  against  that  foe  which  they  had  come  so  far 
£o  meet.  Their  aid  is  not  necessary  to  accomplish  the 
destruction  of  the  image.  The  stone,  cut  without 
hands,  shall  fall  on  its  feet  and  break  them  to  pieces  ; 
and  then  shall  the  iron,  the  clay,  the  brass,  the  silver, 
and  the  gold,  become  like  the  chaff  of  the  summer 
threshing-floor,  and  the  wind  shall  carry  them  awaj. 
The  various  descriptions  which  we  have  of  this  battle, 
all  intimate  that  God  is  the  only  foe  that  shall  contend 
with  the  autocrat  at  Armageddon.  John  terms  it, 
'the  battle  of  that  great  day  of  God  Almighty;'  and 
we  believe  the  principal  instrument  of  their  defeat  will 
be  mutual  slaughter.  The  carnage  will  be  dreadful. 
Out  of  all  the  millions  that  came  like  a  cloud  upon  the 
land  of  Israel,  only  a  scattered  and  shattered  remnant 
will  return  ;  the  great  mass  will  be  left  to  '  cleanse  the 
land,'  and  fill  the  valley  of  Hamongog  with  graves." 

I  refrain  from  quoting  the  remarks  made  by 
Napoleon,  at  St.  Helena,  respecting  Kussia,  and 
the  likelihood  of  her  ultimately  subjugating 
Western  Europe,  as  your  readers  must  be  familiar 


with    them  from   the   writings   of  O'Meara  and 
others.  HENRY  H.  BREEN. 

St.  Lucia. 


DERIVATION    OF    THE    WORD    "BIGOT." 

At  p.  80.  of  Mr.  Trench's  admirable  little 
volume  On  the  Study  of  Words,  an  etymology  is 
assigned  to  the  word  bigot,  which  is,  I  think, 
clearly  erroneous : 

"  Two  explanations  of  it  are  current,"  writes  Mr. 
Trench,  "  one  of  which  traces  it  up  to  the  early  Nor- 
mans, while  they  yet  retained  their  northern  tongue, 
and  to  their  often  adjuration  by  the  name  of  God  ;  with 
sometimes  a  reference  to  a  famous  scene  in  French 
history,  in  which  Hollo,  Duke  of  Normandy,  played  a 
conspicuous  part :  the  other  puts  it  in  connexion  with 
beguines,  called  often  in  Latin  begutta;,  a  name  by  which 
certain  communities  of  pietist  women  were  known  in 
the  Middle  Ages." 

I  agree  with  Mr.  Trench  in  thinking,  that  neither 
of  these  derivations  is  the  correct  one.  But  I  am, 
obliged,  quite  as  decidedly,  to  reject  that  which 
he  proceeds  to  offer.  He  thinks  that  we  owe  — 

"  Bigot  rathe/  to  that  profound  impression  which  the 
Spaniards  made  upon  all  Europe  in  the  fifteenth  and 
the  following  century.  Now  the  word  bigote,"  he  con- 
tinues, "  means  in  Spanish  '  moustachro  ; '  and  as  con- 
trasted with  the  smooth,  or  nearly  smooth,  upper  lip 
of  most  other  people,  at  that  time  the  Spaniards  were 
the  'men  of  the  moustachio'  .  .  .  That  they  them- 
selves connected  firmness  and  resolution  with  the  mus- 
tachio  ;  that  it  was  esteemed  the  outward  symbol  of 
these,  it  is  plain  from  such  phrases  as  '  pombre  de 
bigote,'  a  man  of  resolution  ;  <  tener  bigotes,'  to  stand 
firm.  But  that  in  which  they  eminently  displayed 
their  firmness  and  resolution  in  those  days  was  their 
adherence  to  whatever  the  Roman  see  imposed  and 
taught.  What  then  more  natural,  or  more  entirely 
according  to  the  law  of  the  generation  of  names,  than 
that  this  striking  and  distinguishing  outward  feature 
of  the  Spaniard  should  have  been  laid  hold  of  to 
express  that  character  and  condition  of  mind  which 
eminently  were  his,  and  then  transferred  to  all  others 
who  shared  the  same  ?  " 

Of  this  it  must  be  admitted,  that  "se  non  e 
vero,  e  ben  trovato."  And  the  only  reason  for 
rejecting  such  an  etymology  is  the  existence  of 
another  with  superior  claims. 

Bigot  is  derived,  as  I  think  will  be  hardly 
doubted  on  consideration,  from  the  Italian  bigio, 
grey.  Various  religious  confraternities,  and  espe- 
cially a  branch  of  the  order  of  St.  Francis  which, 
from  being  parcel  secular  and  parcel  regular,  was 
called  "  Terziari  di  S.  Francesco,"  clothed  them- 
selves in  grey ;  and  from  thence  were  called  Bi~ 
giocchi  and  Bigiotti.  And  from  a  very  early 
period,  the  word  was  used  in  a  bad  sense. 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


561 


Menage,  in  his  Origiui  delta  Lingua  Italiana, 
under  the  word  Bizoco,  writes  : 
"  Persono  secolare  vestita  di  abito  di  religione.  Quasi 
'bigioco'  perche  ordinariamente  gli  Ipocriti,  e  coloro 
che  si  fanno  dell'  ordine  di  S.  Francesco  si  vestono  di 
bigio." 

And  Sansovino  on  the  Decameron  says  that  — 
'"  Sizocco  sia  quasi  Biyioco,  o  Bigiotto,  perche  i  Terziari 
di  S.  Francesco  si  veston  di  bigio." 

Abundance  of  instances  might  be  adduced  of 
the  use  of  the  term  bizocco  in  the  sense  of  hypo- 
crite, or  would-be  saint.  And  the  passage  which 
Mr.  Trench  gives  after  Richardson  from  Bishop 
Hall,  where  bigot  is  used  to  signify  a  pervert  to 
Romanism,  "  he  was  turned  both  bigot  and  physi- 
cian," seems  to  me  to  favour  my  etymology  rather 
than  that  from  the  Spanish ;  as  showing  that  the 
earliest  known  use  of  the  term  was  its  application 
to  a  Popish  religionist.  The  "pervert"  alluded 
to  had  become  that  which  cotemporary  Italians 
were  calling  a  bigiotto.  Must  we  not  conclude 
that  Bishop  Hall  drew  his  newly-coined  word 
thence?  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 


BOOK    OF   ALMANACS. 


When  I  published  this  work,  I  knew  of  no  pre- 
decessor except  Francoeur,  as  noted  in  the  pre- 
face ;  but  another  has  been  recently  pointed  out 
to  me.  There  was  a  work  compiled  for  the  use 
of  the  Dominicans,  entitled  Kalendarium  Perpe- 
tuumjuxta  ritum  Sacri  ordinis  prcedicatorum,  s.p.  n. 
Dominici.  The  copy  now  before  me,  Rome,  1612, 
8vo.,  is  said  to  be  "  tertio  emendatum,"  which  pro- 
bably signifies  the  fourth  edition.  It  contains  the 
thirty-five  almanacs,  with  rules  for  determining 
epacts  and  dominical  letters  from  A.D.  1600  to 
2100,  and  a  table  for  choosing  the  almanac  when 
the  epact  and  letter  are  known. 

This  work  must  have  been  compiled  before  the 
reformation  of  the  calendar.  A  note  in  explana- 
tion of  the  thirty-fifth  almanac,  contains  the  state- 
ment that  A.D.  1736  belongs  to  that  calendar,  and 
to  the  letters  D.C.  This  is  true  of  the  old  style, 
and  not  of  the  new. 

It  seems,  then,  that  Books  of  Almanacs  are  older 
than  the  Gregorian  reformation :  that  they  may 
have  been  completely  forgotten,  may  be  inferred 
from  my  book  never  having  produced  any  men- 
tion of  them  either  in  your  pages  or  elsewhere. 
Perhaps  some  older  instances  may  be  yet  pro- 
duced. A.  DE  MOKGAN. 


Distances  at  which  Sounds  have  been  heard. — 
The  story  of  St.  Paul's  clock  striking  being  heard 


by  a  sentry  at  Windsor  is  well  known,  and  I 
believe  authentic.  Let  me  add  the  following:  — 
The  Rev.  Hugh  Salvin  (who  died  vicar  of  Alston, 
Cumberland,  Sept.  28,  1852)  mentions  an  equally 
remarkable  instance  whilst  he  was  chaplain  on 
board  H.M.S.  "  Cambridge,"  on  the  coast  of  South 
America  : 

"  Our  salutes  at  Chancay  were  heard  at  Callao, 
though  the  distance  is  thirty-five  miles,  and  several 
projecting  headlands  intervene,  and  the  wind  always 
blows  northward.  The  lieutenant  of  the  Arab  store- 
ship,  to  whom  the  circumstance  was  mentioned,  ob- 
served, that  upon  one  occasion  the  evening  gun  at 
Plymouth  was  heard  at  Ilfracomb,  which  is  sixty 
miles  off,  and  a  mountainous  country  intervenes."— 
Journal  of  the  Rev.  H.  S.  Salvin,  p.  64.,  12mo. :  New- 
castle-on-Tyne,  1829. 

BALLIOLENSIS. 

Anagram.  —  The  accompanying  anagram  I  saw, 
some  weeks  back,  in  a  country  paper ;  perhaps 
you  will  give  it  a  local  habitation  in  "  N".  &  Q." 
It  is  said  to  be  by  a  president  of  one  of  the  com- 
mittees of  the  arrondissement  of  Valenciennes : 

"  A  sa  majeste  imperiale  Le  Szar  Nicholas,  souverain 
et  autocrate  de  toutes  les  Russies." 

"  Oho  !  ta  vanite  sera  ta  perte ;  elle  isole  la  Russrie  ; 
tes  successeurs  te  maudiront  a  jamais." 

PHILIP  STRANGE. 

Logan  or  Rocking  Stones.  —  The  following  ex- 
tract from  Sir  C.  Anderson's  Eight  Weeks'  Journal 
in  Norway,  Sfc.  in  1852,  under  July  21,  may  in- 
terest your  Devonshire  and  Cornish  readers  : 

"  Mr.  De  C k,  a  most  intelligent  Danish  gentle- 
man, told  me,  that  when  a  proprietor  near  Drammen, 
was  at  Bjornholm  Island,  in  the  Baltic,  he  was  told 
there  were  stones  which  made  a  humming  noise  when, 
pushed,  and  on  examination  they  proved  to  be  rocking- 
stones  ;  on  his  return,  he  found  on  his  own  property 
several  large  stones,  which,  on  removing  the  earth 
around  them,  were  so  balanced  as  to  be  moveable.  If 
this  be  an  accurate  statement,  it  tends  to  strengthen 
the  notion  that  stones,  laid  upon  each  other  by  natural, 
causes,  have,  by  application  of  a  little  labour,  been 
made  to  move,  as  the  stones  at  Brimham  Craggs  ia 
Yorkshire  ;  and  this  seems  more  likely  than  that  such 
immense  masses  should  have  been  ever  raised  by  me- 
chanical force  and  poised." 

BALLIOLENSISL 


A   RUBENS    QUERY. 


There  is  a  somewhat  curious  mystery  witk 
regard  to  certain  works  of  the  immortal  Rubens, 
which  some  of  your  readers,  who  are  connoisseurs 
in  art,  may  possibly  assist  to  dispel.  Lommeline, 
who  engraved  the  finest  works  of  Rubens,  has 
left  a  print  of  "  The  Judgment  of  Paris,"  which 


562 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  242. 


differs  in  several  points  from  the  subject  of  "  The 
Decision  of  Paris,"  now  in  the  National  Gallery. 
For  instance,  in  the  one,  Paris  rests  the  apple 
upon  his  knee,  and  in  the  other  he  is  offering  it  to 
the  fair  goddess  of  Beauty.  This  print  has  also 
jive  more  figures  than  there  are  in  the  Gallery 
painting.  Now,  two  questions  arise  hereon  :  first, 
what  has  become  of  the  original  painting  from 
which  this  print  was  taken  ?  and  secondly,  where 
is  the  line  engraving  of  the  picture  now  in  the 
National  Gallery  ?  J.  J.  S. 

Downshire  Hill,  Hampstead. 


THE    PAXS    PENNIES    OF  WILLIAM    THE    CONQUEROR. 

Perhaps  some  of  your  numerous  readers  may  be 
able  to  satisfy  me  on  a  subject  which  has  for  a 
long  time  troubled  me. 

All  coin  collectors  are  aware  that  there  are  many 
different  reverses  to  the  pennies  of  William  I. 
One  is  commonly  called  the  j»«;r-type  :  and  why, 
is  the  question. 

On  the  obverse,  it  is  "  PILLM  REX,"  or  sometimes 
differently  spelt ;  but  "P"  always  stands  for  "  w," 
and  pronounced  so. 

On  the  reverse,  it  is  P  I  x  s  (each  letter  being 
encircled),  but  the  "P"  is  here  pronounced  "p;" 
this  is  in  the  centre  compartment :  surrounding  it 
is  the  moneyer's  name,  with  place  where  the  coin 
was  struck  — "EDPI  (Edwi)  ON  LVND,"  "  GODPINE 
(Godwine)  ON  LVND,"  &c.  It  is  very  inconsistent 
that  letters  should  be  pronounced  differently  on 
the  same  coin. 

I  am  rather  of  opinion  that  we  have  not  arrived 
at  the  right  reading,  and  that  pax  has  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  It  is  PAXS,  AXSP,  XSPA,  or  SPAX  :  for 
I  find,  on  comparing  nineteen  different  coins,  the 
letters  stand  in  different  positions  compared  with 
the  cross,  which  denotes  the  beginning  of  the  in- 
scription around  them ;  so  no  one  can  tell  which 
letter  of  the  four  in  the  circles  near  the  large 
cross  should  come  first.  Besides,  what  does  the 
"  s "  stand  for,  after  you  get  the  "  PAX  ? " 

I  am  not  a  member  of  the  Antiquarian  Society, 
but  have  asked  gentlemen  belonging  to  it  to  ex- 
plain this  puzzle  (to  me),  without  success.  I  now. 
ask  them  and  others,  through  your  pages,  to  give 
a  solution  of  the  difficulty.  W.  M.  F. 


Peculiar  Customs  at  Preston,  in  Lancashire.  —  I 
wish  to  know  if  it  be  true  that  the  use  of  mourning 
is  nearly,  if  not  altogether,  discountenanced  at  the 
above  town,  even  for  the  loss  of  the  nearest  and 
dearest  friends ;  and  that  a  widow's  cap  is  only 
worn  by  those  to  whom  another  husband  would 
be  particularly  acceptable  ?  If  these,  and  other 


peculiar  customs  prevail,  I  wish  some  correspon- 
dent from  Lancashire  would  kindly  enlighten  the 
readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  with  respect  to  them. 

ANON. 

Obsolete  Statutes.  —  There  was  published,  in  the 
pamphlet  form  (pp.  61.),  in  1738,  a  capital  piece 
of  irony  under  the  title  of  — 

"  A  Letter  to  a  Member  of  Parliament,  containing 
a  Proposal  for  bringing  in  a  Bill  to  revise,  amend,  or 
repeal  certain  Obsolete  Statutes,  commonly  called  '  The 
Ten  Commandments.'  4th  Edition." 

As  this  will  doubtless  be  known  to  some  of  your 
readers,  may  I  ask  the  name  of  the  author,  and 
the  occasion  of  its  publication  ?  J.  O. 

Sale  of  Offices  and  Salaries  in  the  Seventeenth, 
Century.  —  Has  the  subject  of  the  sale  of  offices 
in  former  times  ever  been  investigated  ?  In  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.,  a  new  secretary  of  state,  lord 
chamberlain,  &c.,  always  paid  a  large  sum  of 
money  to  his  predecessor,  the  king  often  helping 
to  find  the  required  sum.  Was  this  the  case 
with  all  offices  ?  I  do  not  think  the  lord  chan- 
cellorship was  ever  paid  for.  When  and  how  did 
the  practice  originate,  and  when  and  how.  fall  into 
disuse  ?  Has  the  subject  of  salaries  of  offices  (in- 
cluding fees)  in  these  times  ever  been  accurately 
investigated  ?  '  What  were  the  emoluments  of  the 
lord  chancellor,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  and 
president  of  the  council,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  ? 

C.PI. 

Board  of  Trade.  —  A  council  for  trade  was 
appointed  during  the  recess  of  the  Convention 
Parliament  after  the  Restoration.  Are  the  names 
of  that  council  anywhere  published?  Did  this 
council  continue  to  exist  till  the  appointment  (I 
think  in  1670)  of  the  Council  of  Trade,  of  which 
Lord  Sandwich  was  made  president  ?  C.  H. 

SacheverelVs  and  Charles  Lamb's  Residences  in  the 
Temple. — In  which  house  in  Crown  Office  Row, 
Temple,  was  Charles  Lamb  born  ?  and  which 
were  the  chambers  occupied  by  Dr.  Sacheverell, 
also  in  the  Temple,  at  the  time  of  the  riots  caused 
by  his  admirers  ? 

AN  ADMIRER  OF  YOUR  PUBLICATION. 

Braddock  and  Orme.  —  Can  you,  or  any  of  your 
correspondents,  furnish  me  (in  reply  to  an  inquiry 
made  of  me  by  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania) with  any  information  about  the  families  of 
Braddock  and  Orme,  in  relation  to  General  Brad- 
dock,  who  commanded  and  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  the  Monongahela  river ;  and  to  Orme,  who,  with 
Washington  and  Morris,  were  his  aides-de-camp 
in  the  melancholy  and  fatal  engagement. 

F.O.MoRRis. 

Nunburnholme  Rectory,  York. 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


563 


im't?) 

CromivelVs  Bible.  —  I  have  seen  it  stated  thai 
an  edition  of  the  Bible,  "  printed  by  John  Field, 
one  of  his  Highness's  Printers,  1658,"  in  12mo., 
London,  was  printed  by  order  of  Cromwell  for 
distribution  to  his  soldiers.  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  furnish  authority  for  such  tra- 
dition ?  It  is  one  of  the  most  incorrectly  printed 
books  which  I  ever  met  with.  In  Cotton's  list  I 
do  not  find  this,  edition  :  he  has  one  in  8vo.,  1657, 
Cambridge,  J.  Field.  W.  C.  XREVELYAN. 

[George  Offer,  Esq.,  of  Hackney,  has  kindly  fa- 
voured us  with  a  reply  to  this  and  the  following 
Query :  "  Eighteen  different  editions  of  the  Bible, 
printed  by  John  Field,  are  in  my  collection,  published 
between  the  years  1648  and  1666.  In  some  of  these 
he  is  described  as  printer  to  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, in  others  as  '  One  of  His  Highness's  Printers  ; ' 
but  in  those  which  tradition  says  were  published  for 
the  army,  he  is  called  'Printer  to  the  Parliament.' 
They  are  all  as  correctly  printed  as  Bibles  were  gene- 
rally published  during  that  time,  excepting  that  by 
Giles  Calvert  the  Quaker,  published  in  1653,  which 
is  singularly  correct  and  beautiful.  Field's  editions 
being  remarkable  for  beauty  of  typography  and  small- 
ness,  have  been  much  examined,  and  many  errors  de- 
tected. That  of  1653  is  the  most  beautiful  and  called 
genuine,  and  is  the  copy  said  to  have  been  printed  for 
the  use  of  the  army  and  navy.  Of  this  I  have  five 
different  editions,  all  agreeing  in  the  error  in  Matthew, 
ch.  vi.  v.  24.,  '  Ye  cannot  serve  and  mammon ; '  and  in 
having  the  first  four  psalms  on  one  page.  But  in  some 
the  following  errors  are  corrected,  1  Cor.  vi.  v.  9., 

*  The  unrighteous  shall  inherit  the  kingdom  of  God ;  ' 
Rom.  ch.  vi.  v.  13.,  '  Neither  yield  ye  your  members 
as  instruments  of  righteousness  unto  sin.'     The  copy  of 
1658,  which  SIR  W.  C.  TREVELYAN  describes,  is  a  coun- 
terfeit of  the  genuine  edition  of  1 653,  vulgarly  called 

*  The   Bastard  Field's  Bible.'     These  were   reprinted 
many  times.     I  possess  four  different  editions  of  it,  so 
exactly  alike  in  form  and  appearance,  that  the  variations 
throughout  can  only  be  detected  by  placing  them  in 
juxtaposition.     They  are  all  neatly  printed,  without 
a  black  line  between  the  columns,  and  make  thicker 
volumes  than  the  genuine  edition.      I  have  never  been 
able   to  verify  the  tradition  that  the    Field's    Bible, 
1653,  was  printed  for  the  army  by  order  of  Cromwell. 
It  is  the  only  one,  as  far  as  I  can  discover,  «  Printed  by 
John   Field,   Printer  to  the  Parliament.'     I  received 
the  tradition  from  my  father  nearly  sixty  years  ago, 
and  have  no  doubt  but  that  it  is  founded  in  fact.     It  is 
an  inquiry  well  worthy  of  investigation.  —  G.  OFFOR."] 

Canne's  Bible.  —  What  is  the  value  of  a  good 
copy  of  Canne's  Bible,  printed  at  Edinburgh  by 
John  Kincaid,  1756  ?  SIGMA. 

["  Canne's  Bibles  were  first  printed  at  Amsterdam, 

<47,  1662,  and  1664;  in  London,  1682,  1684,  1698  : 

these  are  all  pocket  volumes.     Then  again  in  Amster- 

:am,  4to.,  1700.     At  Edinburgh  by  Watkins  in  1747, 

and  by  Kincaid  in  1766;  after  which  there  followed 


editions  very  coarsely  and  incorrectly  printed.  They 
are  all,  excepting  that  of  1647,  in  my  collection.  Kin- 
caid's,  1766,  2  vols.  nonpareil,  in  beautiful  condition, 
bound  in  green  morocco,  cost  me  five  shillings.  That 
of  1747,  by  Watkins,  not  in  such  fine  condition,  two 
shillings.  SIGMA  can  readily  imagine  the  value  of 
Kincaid's  edition  1756,  by  comparison  with  those  of 
1747  and  1766.  If  any  of  your  readers  could  assist 
me  to  procure  the  first  edition,  1647,  I  should  be 
greatly  obliged.  —  G.  OFFOR."] 

Dryden  and  Luke  Milbourne.  —  Among  the 
"  Quarrels  of  Authors,"  I  do  not  find  that  between 
glorious  John  and  this  reverend  gentleman.  In  a 
poetical  paraphrase  of  The  Christians  Pattern,  by 
the  latter  (8vo.,  1697),  he  shows  unmistakeable  evi- 
dence of  having  been  lately  skinned  by  the  witty 
tribe,  which  I  take  to  mean  Dryden  and  his 
atheistical  crew.  I  am  aware  that  Milbourne  in- 
vited the  attack  by  his  flippant  remarks  upon  the 
English  Virgil,  but  I  know  not  in  which  piece  of 
Dryden's  to  look  for  it.  J.  O. 

[Dryden's  attack  on  Milbourne  occurs  in  his  preface 
to  the  Fables  (Scott's  edition  of  his  Works,  vol.  xu 
p.  235. ).  "As  a  corollary  to  this  preface,"  says  Dry- 
den, "  in  which  I  have  done  justice  to  others,  I  owe 
somewhat  to  myself;  not  that  I  think  it  worth  my 
time  to  enter  the  lists  with  one  Milbourne  and  one 
Blackmore,  but  barely  to  take  notice  that  such  men 
there  are,  who  have  written  scurrilously  against  me 
without  any  provocation.  Milbourne,  who  is  in  orders, 
pretends,  amongst  the  rest,  this  quarrel  to  me,  that  I 
have  fallen  foul  on  priesthood  ;  if  I  have,  I  am  only  to 
ask  pardon  of  good  priests,  and  am  afraid  his  part  of 
the  reparation  will  come  to  little.  Let  him  be  satisfied 
that  he  shall  not  be  able  to  force  himself  upon  me  for 
an  adversary.  I  contemn  him  too  much  to  enter  into 
competition  with  him."  A  little  lower  down  Dryden 
lints  that  Milbourne  lost  his  living  for  writing  a  libel 
upon  his  parishioners.] 

Portrait  Painters  of  the  last  Century.  —  I  am 
anxious  to  obtain  some  information  respecting  the 
Dortrait  painters  of  the  last  century.  I  have  in 
my  collection  a  picture  by  H.  Smith,  1736.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  give  me  an  account  of  him  ? 

DURANDUS. 

[A  biographical  list,  alphabetically  arranged,  of 
>ortrait  painters,  is  given  in  Hobbes's  Picture  Col" 
ector's  Manual;  being  a  Dictionary  of  Painters,  vol.  ii. 
ip.  467 — 515.,  edit.  1849  ;  a  useful  work  of  the  kind. 
The  name  of  H.  Smith  is  not  noticed.] 

JEtna.  —  To  whom  can  the  following  passage 
refer  ? 

"  We  found  a  good  inn  here  (Catania),  kept  by  one 
Caca  Sangue,  a  name  that  sounds  better  in  Italian  than 
t  would  in  English.  This  fellow  is  extremely  plea- 
>ant  and  communicative,  and  among  other  things  he 

old  us  that  Mr.  ,  who  has  published  such  a 

minute  description  of  his  journey  to  the  crater  of 
iEtna,  was  never  there,  but  sick  in  Catania  when  hig 


564 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  242. 


party  ascended,  he  having  been  their  guide." —  Travels 
through  Switzerland,  Italy,  Sicily,  fyc.,  vol.  ii.  p.  21.,  by 
Thomas  Watkins,  A.M.,  F.R.S.,  in  the  years  1787, 
1788,  1789;  2  vols.  8vo.,  2nd  edition,  London,  1794. 

ANON. 

[The  reference  is  probably  to  M.  D'Orville,  whose 
minute  description  of  his  journey  up  Mount  JEtna 
was  copied  into  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  xxxiv. 
p.  281.,  extracted  from  D'Orville's  work,  entitled 
Sicula,  or  the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Island  of 
Sicily,  §*c.,  2  vols.  folio,  Amsterdam.] 

Sir  Adam,  or  Sir  Ambrose,  Brown.  —  This 
friend  of  Evelyn,  who  lived  at  Betchworth  Park, 
is  sometimes  called  Sir  Adam,  and  sometimes  Sir 
Ambrose,  in  Evelyn's  Memoirs.  Is  not  Sir  Adam 
the  correct  name  ?  C.  H. 

[The  entries  in  Evelyn's  Diary  seem  to  be  correct. 
Sir  Ambrose  Brown,  obit.  1661,  was  the  father  of  Sir 
Adam,  obit.  1690.  See  the  pedigree  in  Manning  and 
Bray's  Surrey,  vol.  i.  p.  560.] 


JIOBWICH,   KIRKPATRICK   COLLECTION   OF   MS3.   TOR 
THE    HISTORY    OI". 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  515.) 

Your  correspondent  T.  A.  T.  can  find  a  full, 
but  in  one  respect  a  most  unsatisfactory  reply  to 
his  inquiry,  in  the  preface  to  a  History  of  the 
Religious  Orders  and  Communities,  and  of  the 
Hospital  and  Castle  of  Norwich,  by  Mr.  John 
Kirkpatrick,  Treasurer  of  the  Great  Hospital, 
bearing  the  names  of  Edwards  and  Hughes, 
London,  and  Stevenson  and  Hatchett,  Norwich, 
as  publishers,  and  dated  1845.  This  volume  was 
printed  at  the  expense  of  Hudson  Gurney,  Esq., 
whose  "  well-known  liberality  and  laudable  desire 
to  perpetuate  the  knowledge  of  the  antiquities  of 
his  native  city,"  the  preface  fitly  records ;  but  it 
was  not,  in  the  commercial  sense  of  the  word, 
published ;  and,  therefore,  the  information  it  gives 
may  not  be  generally  accessible.  The  following  is 
the  list  of  the  collections  which  were  "  safe  in  the 
custody  of  the  corporation  about  thirty  j^ears  ago 
-(say  between  1800  and  1810),  when  M.  de  Hague 
held  the  office  of  town-clerk." 

"1.   A  thick  volume  of  the  early  history  and  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  city  ;  date  1720. 

2.  A  similar  folio  volume,  being  an   account  of  the 

military  state  of  the  city,  its  walls,  towns,  ponds, 
pits,  wells,  pumps,  &c. ;  date  1722. 

3.  A  thick  quarto. 

4.  Several  large   bundles,  foolscap    folio;   Annals  of 

Norwich. 

5.  A  fasciculus,  foolscap  folio  ;  origin  of  charities  and 

wills  relating  thereto,  in  each  parish. 

6.  Memorandum  books  of  monuments. 

7.  Ditto  of  merchants'  marks. 


8.  Ditto  of  plans  of  churches. 

9.  Paper  containing  drawings  of  the  city  gates,  and  a 

plan  of  Norwich. 

10.  Drawings  of  all  the  churches. 

11.  An  immense  number  of  small  pieces  of  paper,  con- 

taining notes  of  the  tenures  of  each  house  in  Nor- 
wich." 

No  portion  of  these  collections  remains  at  present 
in  the  hands  of  the  legatees,  and  the  greater  number 
of  them  is  not  so  much  as  known  to  be  in  existence. 
The  "  thick  quarto,"  marked  "3"  in  the  list,  is  that 
which  Mr.  Gurney's  zeal  has  caused  to  be  printed ; 
and  it  is  now  the  property  of  the  representatives  of 
the  late  Mr.  William  Herring  of  Hethersett,  whose 
father  purchased  it  many  years  ago  of  a  bookseller. 
The  paper  marked  "  9  "  was  "  said  to  have  been  in 
the  possession  of  the  Friars'  Society,"  which  wa» 
discovered  some  twenty  years  ago.  My  father  had 
tracings  of  the  "Drawings  of  the  City  Gates;'* 
but  I  am  not  sure  that  they  are  made  from  Kirk- 
patrick's  original.  The  collection  marked  "  10,'* 
my  father  saw  "  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  William 
Matthews,  Mr.  De  Hague's  clerk."  And  "  a  por- 
tion of  the  papers  included  under  the  last  number'* 
was  said  to  be  existence  in  1845  ;  but  Mr.  Dawson 
Turner,  who  compiled  the  "  Preface,"  was  "  not 
fully  informed"  respecting  them,  and  I  can  throw  na 
light  upon  the  subject.  It  is  very  remarkable  that 
the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archseological  Association 
has  done  nothing  for  the  recovery  or  discovery  of 
the  remainder  of  this  invaluable  bequest ;  perhaps 
the  inquiry  of  T.  A.  T.  may  incite  them  to  attempt 
both,  and  in  this  hope  I  trouble  you  with  this  reply. 

B.  B.  WOODWARD. 

Bungay,  Suffolk. 

In  the  year  1845,  one  of  the  MSS.  of  Mr.  John 
Kirkpatrick  was  printed  at  Yarmouth,  edited  by 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner,  at  the  expense  of  Mr,  Hudson, 
Gurney.  This  MS.  is  the  History  of  the  Religious 
Orders  and  Communities,  and  of  the  Hospital  and 
Castle  of  Norwich,  and  filled  a  quarto  of  258  folios 
in  the  handwriting  of  the  author.  In  a  very  in- 
teresting preface,  the  editor  states  that  no  portion 
of  Kirkpatrick's  bequest  remains  at  present  in  the 
hands  of  the  corporation  of  Norwich,  or  is  even 
known  to  be  in  existence,  except  the  volume  thus 
edited,  and  perhaps  some  fragments  of  the  "  small 
pieces  of  paper,"  described  in  the  will  as  "  con- 
taining notes  of  the  tenure  of  each  house  in  Nor- 
wich," which,  if  such  do  exist,  are,  it  is  to  be 
feared,  so  scattered  and  injured  as  to  be  useless. 
The  editor  enumerates  and  describes  eleven  MSS. 
which,  he  says,  were  safe  in  the  custody  of  the 
corporation  about  forty  years  ago  from  the  present 
time :  but,  he  adds,  they  have  now  disappeared, 
with  the  exception  of  the  volume  which  he  has 
edited.  This  MS.  is  the  property  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  late  Mr.  William  Herring,  of 
Hethersett,  whose  father  purchased  it  of  a  book- 
seller. F.  C.  H. 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


565 


EARLY   GERMAN    COLOURED    ENGRAVINGS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  57.) 

H.'s  prints  are  probably  cut  from  a  work  on 
Alchemy,  entitled 

"  Lambspring,  das  ist  ein  herzlichen  Teutscher 
Tractat  vom  philosophischen  Steine,  welchen  f  iir  Jah- 
ren  ein  adelicher  Teutscher  Philosophus  so  Lampert 
Spring  geheissen,  mit  schonen  Figuren  beschreiben 
hat.  Frankfurt-am-Main,  bey  Lucca  Jennis  zu  fin- 
den."  1625,  4to.  pp.  36. 

The  series  of  plates  extends  to  fifteen,  among 
which  are  those  described  by  H.  Some  are  re- 
markable for  good  drawing  and  spirited  expres- 
sion, and  all  are  good  for  the  time.  The  verses 
which  belong  to  Plate  2.  are  printed  on  the  back 
of  Plate  1.,  and  so  on,  which  rendered  transcrip- 
tion necessary  on  mounting  them.  Each  repre- 
sents, figuratively,  one  of  the  steps  towards  the 
philosopher's  stone.  Some  have  Latin  explana- 
tions at  the  foot.  Not  understanding  alchemy,  I 
can  appreciate  them  only  as  works  of  art.  An 
account  of  one  as  a  specimen  may  be  of  some  in- 
terest, so  I  select  the  least  unintelligible. 

Plate  6.  A  dragon  eating  his  own  tail. 
Above : 

"  Das  ist  gross  Wundr  und  seltsam  list, 
Die  hbchst  Artzney  im  Drachen  ist." 
Below : 

"  Mercurius  recte  et  chymice  prascipitatus,  vel  sub- 
limatus,  in  sua  propria  aqua  resolutus  et  rursum  coa- 
gulatus." 

On  the  opposite  page : 

"  Ein  Drach  im  Walde  wohnend  ist 
Am  GiffTt  demselben  nichts  gebrisst ; 
Wenn  er  die  Sonn  sieht  und  das  Fewr, 
So  speiisst  er  Gifft,  fleugt  ungehewr 
Kein  lebend  Thier  fiir  ihm  mag  gnesn 
Der  Basilisc  mag  ihm  nit  gleich  wesn, 
Wenn  diesen  Wurmb  wol  weiss  zu  todtn 
Der  Kompt  auss  alien  seinen  nothn, 
Sein  Farbn  in  seinem  Todt  sich  vermehrn 
Auss  seiner  Gifft  Artzney  thut  werden 
Sein  Gifft  verzehrt  er  gar  und  gans, 
Und  frisst  sein  eign  vergifften  Schwanz. 
Da  muss  er  in  sich  selbst  volbringen 
Der  edlst  Balsam,  auss  ihm  thut  tringen. 
Soldi  grosse  Tugend  wird  mann  schawen, 
Welches  alle  Weysn  sich  hoch  erfrawen." 

The  three  persons  in  Plate  13.  appear  first  in 
Plate  11.  The  superscription  is — 

"  Vater,  Sohn,  Fuhrer,  haben  sie  beyrn  Handen  : 
Corpus,  spiritus,  anima,  werden  verstanden." 

In  Plate  13.  the  father's  mouth  may  well  be  "of 
a  preternatural  wideness  "  as  he  swallows  the  son ; 
and  in  Plate  14.  undergoes  a  sudorific  in  a  curi- 
ously-furnished bedchamber.  In  Plate  15.  the 
three  are  seated  upon  one  throne.  The  stone  is 
found.  They  also  will  find  it  who  strictly  follow 


Dr.  Lambspring' s  directions,'as  given  in  a  rhyming 
preface.  Only  one  ingredient  is  left  out  of  the 
prescription : 

"  Denn  es  ist  nur  ein  Ding  allein, 
Drinn  alls  verborgn  ist  ins  gemein. 
Daran  solt  ihr  gar  nicht  verzagen, 
Zeit  und  Geduld  must  ihr  dran  wagen." 
What  is  it  ?  H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 


THE    BELLMAN   AT   NEWGATE. 

(Vol.  i.,  p.  152. ;  Vol.  in.,  pp.  324.  377.  451. 
485. :  and  see  Continental  Watchmen,  Vol.  iv., 
pp.  206.  356.) 

Formerly  it  was,  according  to  a  very  ancient 
custom,  the  practice  on  the  night  preceding  the 
execution  of  condemned  criminals,  for  the  bellman 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Sepulchre  to  go  under  New- 
gate, and,  ringing  his  bell,  to  repeat  the  following 
verses,  as  a  piece  of  friendly  advice,  to  the  un- 
happy wretches  under  sentence  of  death  : 
"  All  you  that  in  the  condemn'd  hold  do  lie, 
Prepare  you,  for  to-morrow  you  shall  die. 
Watch  all  and  pray,  the  hour  is  drawing  near, 
That  you  before  the  Almighty  must  appear. 
Examine  well  yourselves,  in  time  repent, 
That  you  may  not  to  eternal  flames  be  sent. 
And  when  St.  Sepulchre's  bell  to-morrow  tolls, 
The  Lord  have  mercy  on  your  souls  1 
Past  twelve  o'clock  I " 

The  following  extract  from  Stowe's  Survey  of 
London,  p.  125.  of  the  quarto  edition,  printed  1618, 
will  prove  that  the  above  verses  ought  to  be  re- 
peated by  a  clergyman  instead  of  a  bellman  : 

"  Robert  Doue,  citizen  and  merchant  taylor,  of 
London,  gave  to  the  parish  of  St.  Sepulchre's  the  sum 
of  507.  That  after  the  several  sessions  of  London, 
when  the  prisoners  remain  in  the  gaole,  as  condemned 
men  to  death,  expecting  execution  on  the  morrow  fol- 
lowing ;  the  clarke  (that  is  the  parson)  of  the  church 
shoold  come  in  the  night  time,  and  likewise  early  in 
the  morning,  to  the  window  of  the  prison  where  they 
lye,  and  there  ringing  certain  tolls  with  a  hand-bell 
appointed  for  the  purpose,  he  doth  afterwards  (in  most 
Christian  manner)  put  them  in  mind  of  their  present 
condition,  and  ensuing  execution,  desiring  them  to  be 
prepared  therefore,  as  they  ought  to  be.  When  they 
are  in  the  cart,  and  brought  before  the  wall  of  the 
church,  there  he  standeth  ready  with  the  same  bell. 
And  after  certain  tolls  rehearseth  an  appointed  prayer, 
desiring  all  the  people  there  present  to  pray  for  them. 
The  beadle  also  of  Merchant  Taylors'  Hall  hath  an 
honest  stipend  allowed  to  see  that  it  is  duely  done." 

This  note  is  an  extract  from  the  Romance  of 
the  Forum,  vol.  ii.  p.  268.  J.  W.  FAKREB. 


566 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  242. 


HERBERT'S  "  CHURCH  PORCH." 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  173.) 

I  venture  the  following  as  the  meaning  of  the 
curious  stanza  in  George  Herbert's  Church  Porch, 
referred  to  by  your  correspondent  S.  SINGLETON  : 

"  God  made  me  one  man  ;  love  makes  me  no  more, 
Till  labor  come  and  make  my  weakness  score." 

If  you  are  single,  give  all  you  have  to  the  ser- 
vice of  God.  But  do  not  be  anxious  to  make  the 
gift  larger  by  toil :  for  God  only  requires  that 
which  is  suitable  to  the  position  in  which  He  has 
placed  you.  He  bestows  a  certain  "estate"  upon 
every  man  as  He  bestows  life :  let  both  be  dedi- 
cated to  Him.  For  if  you  give  first  yourself,  and 
then  what  He  has  given  you,  this  is  sufficient; 
you  need  not  try  to  be  more  rich,  that  you  may 
be  more  charitable.  But  if  you  choose  a  life  of 
labour  to  gain  an  "estate"  beyond  the  original 
position  assigned  to  you  in  the  providence  of  God, 
then  you  must  reckon  yourself  responsible  for  the 
"one  man"  which  God  "made"  you,  and  for  the 
other  which  you  make  yourself  besides. 

I  conceive  the  stanza  to  be  a  recommendation 
of  the  contemplative  life  with  poverty,  in  pre- 
ference to  the  active  life  with  riches.  J.  H.  B. 


ANCIENT   USAGES   OF   THE    CHURCH. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  127.  257.) 

As  your  well-known  correspondent  from  Clyst 
St.  George  has  addressed  an  inquiry  to  you  on 
this  subject,  it  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  some 
of  your  readers  to  learn  that  the  practice  of  kneel- 
ing at  funerals  still  exists  in  this  neighbourhood. 
On  a  cold  December  day  have  I  seen  men,  women, 
and  children  bend  the  knee  on  the  bare  sod, 
during  the  Lord's  and  the  other  prayers  used  in  the 
outdoor  portion  of  our  service,  not  rising  till  the 
valedictory  grace  concluded  the  service.  Indeed, 
I  have  never  known  (at  least  the  majority  of) 
those  attending  our  funerals  here,  omit  this  old 
custom. 

That  of  dressing  graves  with  ffowers,  at  Easter 
and  Whitsuntide,  prevails  here  as  in  Wales :  and 
the  older  folks  still  maintain  the  ancient  practice 
of  an  obeisance  as  often  as  the  Gloria  occurs 
during  the  ordinary  services.  The  last  railful  of 
communicants  are  also  in  the  habit  of  remaining 
in  their  place  at  the  altar  rails  till  the  service  is 
concluded ;  but  whether  these  observances  are 
widely  spread,  or  merely  local,  I  have  not  had 
sufficient  opportunity  to  judge.  J.  T.  P. 

Dewchurch  Vicarage. 

At  the  church  of  South  Stoke,  near  Arimdel,  I 
have  heard  the  clerk  respond  after  the  Gospel: 
"  Thanks  be  to  God  for  the  Holy  Gospel." 


At  Southwick,  near  Brighton,  the  rector  was 
wont  (about  four  years  since)  to  stand  up  at  the 
"  Glory"  in  the  Litany. 

The  Bishop  of  London  believes  bowing  the  head 
when  the  doxology,  or  ascription  of  praise,  is  pro- 
nounced, to  be  a  novelty  in  our  Church  (Letter 
to  the  Knightsbridge  Churchwarden,  March  28, 
1854).  I  remember  an  old  woman  regularly  at- 
tending the  services  of  Exeter  Cathedral,  who  was 
wont  always  to  curtsy  at  the  "  Glory."  And  in 
The  Guardian  of  April  25,  W.  G.  T.  alludes  to 
a  parish  in  Staffordshire  where  the  custom  prevails. 
And  A.  W.  says : 

"  In  the  western  counties  of  England  there  are  many 
parishes  where  the  custom  of  bowing  at  the  '  Gloria' 
has  been  universally  observed  by  the  poor  from  time 
immemorial.  I  could  mention  parishes  in  Worcester- 
shire or  Herefordshire  where  it  has  always  prevailed." 

It  should  be  observed,  that  the  custom  is  not  to 
bow  at  the  "  Glory "  only,  but  whenever,  in  the 
course  of  the  service,  the  names  of  the  Three  Per- 
sons of  the  Blessed  Trinity  are  mentioned.  See 
Isaiah,  vi.  2,  3. 

I  have  heard  sermons  commenced  in  the  name 
of  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  ended  with  "  the  Glory," 
the  preacher  repeating  the  former  part  and  the 
congregation  the  latter.  I  believe  this  is  agree- 
able to  very  anelent  use.  Can  any  one  say  whe- 
ther it  has  anywhere  been  retained  in  our  own 
Church  ?  J.  W.  HEWETT. 

The  custom  of  Lincolnshire  mentioned  by  MR. 
ELLACOMBE  as  observed  by  his  two  parishioners  at 
Bitton  had  its  origin  doubtless  in  the  first  rubric 
to  the  Order  for  the  Administration  of  the  Lord's 
Supper  in  our  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  which 
enjoins  that  — 

"  So  many  as  intend  to  be  partakers  of  the  Holy 
Communion,  shall  signify  their  names  to  the  Curate  at 
least  some  time  the  day  before." 

On  this  Bishop  Wilson  remarks  : 

"  It  is  with  great  reason  that  the  Church  has  given 
this  order ;  wherefore  do  not  neglect  it." 

"  You  will  have  the  comfort  of  knowing,  either  that 
your  Pastor  hath  nothing  to  say  against  you,  or,  if  he 
has,  you  will  have  the  benefit  of  his  advice  :  and  a 
good  blessing  will  attend  your  obedience  to  the 
Church's  orders." 

GEORGE  E.  FRERE. 

Reverence  to  the  Altar  (Vol.  vi.,  p.  182.). — Statute 
XL  Such  obeisance  was  always  made  in  the  col- 
lege to  which  I  belonged,  at  Oxford,  to  the  Pro- 
vost by  every  scholar,  and  by  the  Bible  clerks 
when  they  proceeded  from  their  seats  to  the 
ea^le  lectern,  to  read  the  lessons  of  the  day. 

I.K.R. 

Separation  of  the  Sexes  in  Church. — It  was  the 
custom  a  few  years  ago  (and  I  have  every  reason 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


567 


to  believe  it  to  be  so  at  present),  for  the  men  to 
6*it  on  one  side  of  the  aisle,  and  the  women  on  the 
other,  in  the  church  of  Grange,  near  Armagh,  in 
the  north  of  Ireland.  No  one  remembered  the 
introduction  of  the  custom.  ABHBA. 

Standing  while  the  Lords  Prayer  is  read  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  127.  257.). — The  congregation  of  the  English 
Episcopal  Chapel  at  Dundee  stood  during  the 
reading  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  the  Ten  Command- 
ments, and  the  Song  of  the  Angels  at  the  birth  of 
Christ,  when  these  occur  in  the  order  of  morning 
lessons.  This  congregation  joined  that  of  the 
Scottish  Episcopalians  several  years  ago,  and 
whether  the  practice  is  continued  in  the  present 
congregation  I  cannot  say. 

In  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Edinburgh,  York  Place, 
the  congregation  stand  at  the  reading  of  the  Ten 
Commandments  in  the  fifth  chapter  of  Deutero- 
nomy, and  they  chant  "  Glory  be  to  thee,  O  God," 
on  the  giving  out  of  the  Gospel,  and  "  Thanks  be 
to  thee,  O  God,"  &c.,  after  the  reading  of  it.  In 
the  Communion  they  sit  during  the  reading  of  the 
Exhortation,  "  Dearly  Beloved  in  the  Lord ; "  and 
it  is  but  very  lately  that  they  have  stood  when 
repeating  "  Glory  be  to  God  on  high,"  &c.,  in  the 
Post  Communion.  HENRY  STEPHENS. 

In  Durham  Cathedral,  on  Sept.  5,  1850,  at  the 
Anniversary  of  the  Sons  of  the  Clergy,  the  con- 
gregation rose  simultaneously  on  the  occurrence 
of  the  Lord's  Prayer  in  the  lesson.  I  remember 
also  that  the  same  custom  was  observed  at  Trinity 
Church,  Chelsea,  during  the  incumbency  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Blunt.  Where  the  Bidding  Prayer 
enjoined  by  the  55th  Canon  is  used  (that,*by-the- 
way,  being  the  only  authorised  pulpit  prayer),  it 
is  usual  I  believe  for  the  people  to  stand,  during 
the  Lord's  Prayer  ;  the  preacher  then  teaching  us 
to  pray  as  our  Lord  taught  His  disciples.  The 
short  doxology  at  the  end  of  the  Gospel,  to  which 
MB.  ELLACOMBE  refers  at  p.  257.,  is  common  in 
the  north  of  England.  E.  H.  A. 

This  custom  prevails  generally  in  the  Episco- 
palian churches  in  Scotland;  and  our  congrega- 
tions also  stand  up  while  the  Commandments  are 
read  in  course  of  the  lessons.  We  have  also  the 
practice  of  singing,  after  the  Gospel :  "  Thanks  be 
to  thee,  O  Lord,  for  this  thy  Holy  Gospel !" 

BALIVUS. 

Edinburgh. 

This  is  the  practice  on  the  reading  of  this  prayer 
in  the  second  lesson  at  the  parish  church  of  Edg- 
baston,  near  Birmingham.  It  is  probably  a  re- 
manet  of  the  ancient  practice  in  the  Church,  not 
only  to  stand  up  during  the  reading  of  the  Gospel, 
but  throughout  the  whole  service,  as  symbolic  of 
the  resurrection  of  Christ  —  the  Lord's  Day;  which 
still  exists  in  the  Greek  Church,  and  may  be  wit- 


nessed  any  Sunday  in  London,  on  visiting  the 
recent  edifice  in  London  Wall.       T.  J.  BUCKTON. 
Birmingham. 

The  custom  is  observed  in  St.  Thomas'  Church. 

W.  HAZEL. 
Portsmouth. 

At  Exeter  Cathedral  the  people  kneel  whenever 
the  Lord's  Prayer  is  read  in  the  lesson. 

J.  W.  HEWETT. 

Tolling  the  Bell  on  leaving  Church  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  125.  311,  312.).  —  In  this  parish  a  bell  is  al- 
ways rung  on  the  conclusion  of  the  morning  ser- 
vice, to  give  notice  that  a  sermon  will  be  given  at 
the  evening  service.  This  bell,  which  a  very  re- 
spectable old  man,  who  was  parish  clerk  here  for 
fifty- four  years,  called  the  "  sermon  bell,"  is  never 
tolled  unless  there  is  a  second  service.  If  at  any 
time  the  morning  service  is  not  performed,  the 
bell  is  tolled  at  twelve  o'clock  at  noon  to  inform 
the  parishioners  that  an  evening  service  will  take 
place.  A  bell  is  also  rung  at  eight  and  nine 
o'clock  on  Sunday,  or  any  other  morning  when 
morning  prayer  is  said. 

The  custom  of  ringing  the  church  bell  on  Shrove 
Tuesday,  as  mentioned  by  NEWBURIENSIS  (Vol.ix., 
p.  324.),  is  observed  here  too,  and  is  generally 
called  "  the  pancake  bell."  C.  F.  P. 

Normanton-upon-Soar,  Notts. 

I  am  disposed  to  agree  in  opinion  with  E.  W.  I. 
as  to  this  custom,  not  only  as  regards  the  priests, 
but  the  people  also,  for  in  most  country  parishes 
it  is  the  signal  for  the  baker — who  usually  cooks 
the  Sunday's  dinner  of  the  humbler  classes — to 
open  his  oven  :  and  I  have  often  heard  old  folks 
speak  of  it  as  *J  the  pudding  bell."  G.  TAYLOR. 

Reading. 

The  object  is  to  announce  that  another  service 
is  to  follow,  either  in  the  afternoon  or  evening,  as 
the  case  may  be.  Here  the  tolling  is,  not  as  the 
congregation  are  leaving  the  church,  but  at  one 
o'clock.  WM.  HAZEL. 

Portsmouth. 

E.  W.  I.,  in  his  answer  to  this  Query  in  Vol.  ix., 
p/312.,  refers  to  the  custom  of  tolling  the  church 
bell  at  eight  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  and 
again  at  nine.  This  custom  is  followed  at  the 
chapel  of  ease  (at  Maidenhead)  to  the  parishes  of 
Bray  and  Cookham.  NEWBURIENSIS. 

"  The  pudding  bell,"  as  country  folks  sometimes 
call  it  (under  the  impression  that  its  use  is  to 
warn  those  at  home  to  get  the  dinner  ready),_  is 
still  rung  in  some  of  the  old  Lancashire  parish 
churches  as  the  congregation  go  out.  But  as  in 
this  county  parish  churches  are  scarce,  and  two 
full  services  quite  a  matter  of  course,  W.  S.'s 


568 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  242. 


reason  cannot  apply  here.  I  remember  well  the 
custom  of  the  congregations  kneeling  when  the 
Lord's  Prayer  occurred  in  the  lesson ;  it  was  left 
off  in  my  own  church  about  thirty  years  since, 
this  custom,  curtseying  at  the  "  Gloria,"  and  some 
others,  being  considered  ignorant,  and  therefore 
discountenanced  by  those  who  knew  better.  P.  P. 

Arch-priest  in  the  Diocese  of  Exeter  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  105.  185.).  —  A  question  has  been  asked: 
**  Does  a  dignity  or  office,  such  as  rector  of  Hac- 
combe,  exist  in  the  Anglican  Church  ? "  I  find 
something  similar  in  the  case  of  the  vicar  of 
Newry,  who  is  entirely  free  from  ecclesiastical 
control;  he  holds  his  appointment  from  the  ex- 
officio  rector  (Lord  Kilmony),"who  derives  his  title 
from  the  original  patent  granted  by  Edward  VI. 
to  his  Irish  Marshal  Sir  Nicholas  Pagnall,  who, 
en  the  dissolution  of  the  "  Monasterium  Nevora- 
eense,"  obtained  possession  of  the  land  attached, 
and  was  farther  granted  : 

"  That  he  shall  have  all  and  singular,  and  so  many  and 
the  like  courts  leet,  frank  pledge,  law  days,  rights, 
jurisdictions,  liberties,  privileges,  &c.  &c.,  in  as  large, 
ample,  and  beneficial  a  manner  as  any  abbot,  prior, 
convent,  or  other  chief,  head,  or  governor  of  the  late 
dissolved  monastery  heretofore  seized,  held  or  enjoyed," 
&c. 

The  seal  of  the  ancient  charter,  on  which  is  in- 
scribed the  legend,  "  Sigillum  exemptse  jurisdic- 
tionis  de  virido  ligno  alias  Newry  et  Mourne,"  is 
still  used  in  the  courts.  A  mitred  abbot  in  his 
albe,  sitting  in  his  chair,  supported;  by  two  yew- 
trees,  is  also  engraved  on  it ;  to  perpetuate  (it  is 
said)  the  tradition  that  these  trees  had  been 
planted  by  St.  Patrick  in  the  vicinity  of  the  con- 


vent. 

85.  Waterloo  Road,  Dublin. 


N.  0.  ATKINSON. 


Holy -loaf  Money  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  150.  256.).  —  In 
Normandy  and  Brittany,  and  probably  in  other 
Roman  Catholic  countries,  bread  is  blessed,  by  the 
officiating  priest  during  the  performance  of  high 
mass,  and  handed  round  in  baskets  to  the  congre- 
gation by  the  inferior  officers  of  the  church.  On 
inquiring  into  the  meaning  of  this  custom,  I  was» 
told  that  it  represented  the  agapce  of  the  primitive 
church ;  and  that,  before  the  first  revolution, 
every  substantial  householder  in  the  parish  was 
bound  in  turn  to  furnish  the  loaves,  or  a  money 
equivalent.  It  is  now,  I  believe,  a  voluntary  gift 
of  the  more  devout  parishioners,  or  furnished  out 
of  the  ordinary  revenues  of  the  church. 

HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 


POPIANA. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  445.) 

In  MR.  HARRY  LEROY  TEMPLE'S  Popiana, 
allusion  is  made  to  Pope's  Imitation  of  Horace, 
Second  Satire,  Book  I.,  and  the  question  is  asked, 
In  what  modern  editions  of  Pope  is  this  Imitation 
to  be  found  ?  It  is  in  Warton's  edition,  and  also 
in  the  Aldine  edition  published  by  Pickering.  It 
appeared  to  me  (as  to  Bowles,  Roscoe,  Mr.  Gary, 
and  others)  too  glaringly  indecent  for  a  popular 
edition  of  Pope.  The  poet  never  acknowledged 
it ;  he  published  it  as  "  Imitated  in  the  manner  of 
Mr.  Pope,"  but  it  is  a  genuine  production.  See 
note  in  my  edition  of  Pope,  vol.  iv.  p.  300. 

MR.  TEMPLE  says,  — 

"  Roscoe  and  Croly  give  four  poems  on  Gulliver's 
Travels.  Why  does  Mr.  Carruthers  leave  out  the 
third  ?  His  edition  appears  to  contain  (besides  many 
additions)  all  that  all  previous  editors  have  admitted, 
with  the  exception  of  the  third  Gulliver  poem,  the 
sixteen  additional  verses  to  Mrs.  Blount  on  leaving 
town,  the  verses  to  Dr.  Bolton,  and  a  fragment  of 
eight  lines  (perhaps  by  Congreve)  ;  which  last  three 
are  to  be  found  in  Warton's  edition." 

The  third  Gulliver  poem  was  not  published  with 
the  others  by  Pope  in  the  Miscellanies.  It  should, 
however,  have  been  inserted,  as  it  is  acknowledged 
by  Pope  in  his  correspondence  with  Swift.  The 
omission  must  be  set  down  as  an  editorial  over- 
sight, to  be  remedied  in  the  next  edition.  The 
verses  on  Dr.  Bolton  are  assuredly  not  Pope's ; 
they  are  printed  in  Aaron  Hill's  Works,  1753. 
See  a  copious  note  on  this  subject  in  "  N.  &  Q.," 
Vol.  vii.,  p.  113.  The  two  other  omissions  noticed 
by  MR.  TEMPLE  (with  others  unnoticed  by  him, 
as  the  parody  on  the  First  Psalm,  &c.)  were  dic- 
tated by  the  same  feeling  that  prompted  the  ex- 
clusion of  the  Imitation  of  Horace.  In  several  of 
Pope's  letters,  preserved  at  Maple  Durham,  are 
grossly  indecent  and  profane  passages,  which  he 
omitted  himself  in  his  printed  correspondence, 
and  which  are  wholly  unfit  for  publication.  The 
same  oblivion  should  be  extended  to  his  unac- 
knowledged poetical  sins.  R.  CARRUTHERS. 
Inverness. 


CATHOLIC  PLORAL  DIRECTORIES  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  585.)  : 

Anthologia   Borealis  et  Australis ;  Florilegium 
Sanctarum  Aspirationum. 

Since  I  last  wrote,  I  have  not  succeeded  in  un- 
ravelling the  mystery  which  envelops  these  two 
works ;  but  I  have  gotten  some  clue  to  it,  for  which 
I  am  indebted  to  the  extreme  courtesy  and  kind- 
ness of  two  correspondents. 

One  of  these  gentlemen  informs  me  that  the 
Anthologia  is  quoted  at  p.  280.  of  Dr.  Forster's 
work  on  the  Atmosphere :  London,  1823.  My 


JUNE  17. 1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


569 


second  correspondent  writes  to  say,  "  If  you  can 
procure  the  Circle  of  the  Seasons,  by  Dr.  Forster, 
published  in  1830,  you  will  there  find  very  copious 
extracts  from  the  books  in  question."  Before  we 
go  any  farther  I  would  ask,  is  Dr.  Forster  the 
author  of  this  book  ?  The  copy  I  have  met  with 
in  a  public  library  is  anonymous,  and  is  thus  en- 
titled :  The  Circle  of  the  Seasons,  and  Perpetual 
Key  to  the  Calendar  and  Almanac :  London, 
Thomas  Hookham,  1828,  pp.  432.  12mo.  It  is  a 
valuable  book,  and  forms  a  complete  Catholic 
Floral  Directory.  Though  the  Anthologia  and  the 
Florilegium  are  lavishly  quoted,  no  references  are 
given  save  the  bare  names. 

It  is  easy  to  see  why  Mr.  Weale,  the  "compiler" 
of  the  Catholic  Florist,  declined  giving  the  in- 
formation requested.  The  quotations  in  question 
are  all  second-hand  from  the  Circle  of  the  Seasons. 
The  very  preface  of  the  Florist  is  not  original ; 
the  most  valuable  part  of  it  (commencing  at  p.  11.) 
I  have  discovered  to  be  a  verbatim  reprint  from 
The  Truthteller,  or,  rather,  from  Hone's  Every- 
Day  Book,  vol.  i.  pp.  103.  303.,  where  some  ex- 
tracts are  given  from  the  contributions  to  this 
periodical  from  a  correspondent  with  the  signature 
Crito.  These  quotations  in  Hone  first  drew  my 
attention  to  The  Truthteller,  and  I  advertised  for  it, 
but  without  success.  It  was  edited,  I  believe,  by 
Thomas  Andrews.  I  have  met  with  the  second 
series  of  this  periodical,  published  in  London  in 
1825,  and  I  should  be  glad  to  get  the  whole 
of  it.* 


[*  The  Truthteller  was  discontinued  at  the  end  of 
vol.  i.  The  first  number  was  published  Sept.  25, 
1824,  and  the  last  on  Sept.  17,  1825.  The  publisher 
and  editor,  W.  A.  Andrews,  closes  his  labours  with  the 
following  remarks :  "  Having  given  The  Truthteller  a 
year's  trial,  we  feel  ourselves  called  upon,  as  a  matter 
of  justice  to  our  family,  to  discontinue  it  as  a  news- 
paper. The  negligence  of  too  many  of  our  subscribers, 
in  not  discharging  their  engagements  to  us,  and  the  in- 
difference of  others  of  the  Catholic  body,  to  support  the 
vindicator  of  their  civil  and  religious  principles,  leave 
us  no  alternative  but  that  of  dropping  it  as  a  news- 
paper, or  carrying  it  on  at  a  loss."  Only  two  of 
Crito's  papers  on  Botany  were  given  in  The  Truthteller, 
viz.  in  No.  15.,  p.  115.,  and  No.  16.,  p.  123.  He  pro- 
bably continued  them  in  The  Catholic  Friend,  also 
published  by  W.  A.  Andrews. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  signed  F.,  and 
dated  Jan.  4,  1825,  given  in  The  Truthteller,  vol.  i. 
No.  16.  p.  126.,  recommends  the  publication,  among 
other  works,  of  a  "  CATHOLIC  CALENDAR.  There 
should  also  be  a  Catholic  Calendar,  something  like 
The  Perennial  Calendar,  but  more  portable,  and  fuller 
of  religious  information,  in  which,  under  each  saint, 
his  or  her  particular  virtues,  intelligence,  good  works, 
or  martyrdom,  should  be  succinctly  set  forth,  so  as  to 
form  a  sort  of  calendar  of  human  triumphs,  such  as  is 
recommended  by  Mr.  Counsellor  Basil  Montagu  in 
his  Essays."  In  a  note  the  writer  adds,  "  This  I  be- 


In  Forster's  Perennial  Calendar,  London,  1824, 
the  Anthologia  is  quoted  at  pp.  101.  108.  173.211. 
265.  295. :  one  of  these  passages  is  requoted  in 
Hone,  vol.  i.  p.  383.  I  may  here  remark  that 
this  work  of  Hone's  is  furnished  with  a  Floral 
Directory. 

I  feel  rather  piqued,  both  on  my  own  account 
and  for  the  honour  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  at  being  baffled 
by  two  English  books,  and  I  am  somewhat  sur- 
prised that  thirty  years  should  have  elapsed 
without  any  inquiry  having  been  made  respecting 
the  remarkable  quotations  adduced  by  Dr.  Forster. 
The  Queries  I  now  propose  are  :  Who  was  the  com- 
piler of  the  Circle  of  the  Seasons  ?  Are  the  Antho- 
logia and  the  Florilegium  quoted  in  any  works 
previous  to  Forster's  time  ?  EIRIONNACH. 

P.  S.  —  Can  I  get  a  copy  of  the  Catholic  Friend, 
which  is  referred  to  in  the  preface  of  the  Catholic 
Florist  as  a  scarce  and  valuable  work ;  and  also 
a  copy  of  the  Catholic  Instructor  :  London,  1844  ? 

March,  1854. 

Thanks  to  MR.  PINKERTON,  I  am  enabled  to 
turn  my  surmise  into  certainty,  and  have  the 
pleasure  of  clearing  up  a  literary  hoax,  which  has, 
it  seems,  passed  without  challenge  till  my  note  of 
interrogation  appeared  in  these  pages.  The  Antho- 
logia and  the  Florilegium  are  purely  imaginary 
titles  for  certain  pieces  in  prose  and  verse,  the  pro- 
duction of  Dr.  Forster,  and  have  no  existence  save 
in  the  Circle  of  the  Seasons. 

In  the  Autobiography  of  the  eccentric  Doctor — 
which  is  entitled  Recueil  de  ma  Vie,  mes  Ouvrages 
et  mes  Pensees  :  Opuscule  Philosophique,  par 
Thomas  Ignace  Marie  Forster :  Bruxelles,  1836 — 
at  p.  55.  he  enumerates  the  Anthologia  and  Flori- 
legium among  his  "  Pieces  Fugitives,"  and  ends  the 
list  in  the  following  words  : 

"  Encore  je  me  confesse  d'avoir  ecrit  toutes  ces 
essais  detaches  dans  le  Perennial  Calendar,  auxquels 
j'ai  attache  quelques  signatures,  ou  plus  proprement  des 
lettres,  comme  A.  B.  S.  R.  etc." 

In  the  solitude  of  his  garden  at  Hartwell  he  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  making  a  Floral  Directory,  which 
he  eventually  carried  out,  and  published  under 
the  title  of  the  Circle  of  the  Seasons.  See  p.  21. 

MR.  PINKERTON  has  most  kindly  lent  me  a  rare 
and  privately-printed  book  of  Forster's,  entitled 
Harmonia  Musarum,  containing  Nugce  Cantabri- 
genses,  Florilegium  Sancta  Aspirationis,  and  Antho- 
logia Borealis  et  Australia,  chiefly  from  a  College 
Album,  edited  by  Alumnus  Cantabrigensis  (N.B. 
Not  published)  :  1843,  pp.  144,  8vo. 

The  preface  is  signed  T.  F.,  and  is  dated  "Bruges, 
Sept.  15,  1843."  In  it  he  says  : 

"  The  harmony  of  the  Muses  has  been  divided  into 
three  parts — the  first  being  the  Nugce  Cantab.  The 

lieve  will  soon  be  undertaken."     This  letter  seems  to 
have  been  written  by  Dr.  Forster.  —  ED.] 


570 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  242. 


second  contains  the  sacred  subjects,  hymns,  &c., 
written  chiefly  by  a  relation,  and  formerly  collected 
under  the  title  of  Florilegium  Sanctce  Aspirationis.  The 
third  consists  merely  of  a  small  collection  of  Latin 
verses  selected  by  some  student,  with  occasional  notes 
from  the  rest,  and  called  Fragments  from  North  and 
South :  they  have,  many  at  least,  been  printed  before." 

It  is  impossible  to  give  an  idea  of  this  extraordi- 
nary Olla  ;  we  have  in  it  pieces  of  Porson,  Gray, 
and  Byron,  &c.,  Cowper's  John  Gilpin,  and  Cole- 
ridge's DeviTs  Walk ;  at  p.  19.  we  have  "  Spring 
Impromptu,  found  among  some  old  papers,"  with 
the  signature  "  N."  attached,  which  turns  out  to 
be  Gray  on  the  "Pleasures  of  Vicissitude."  I  re- 
gret to  say  that  this  volume  contains  much  that  is 
coarse  and  offensive,  which  is  the  less  excusable, 
and  the  more  surprising,  as  coming  from  the  author 
of  the  very  beautiful  and  devotional  pieces  pub- 
lished in  the  Circle  of  the  Seasons. 

The  Florilegium  and  the  Anthologia  of  the  Circle 
have  little  in  common  with  their  namesakes  in 
the  Harmonia,  which  latter  contain  poems  by 
Southwell,  Byron,  Gray,  Hogg,  Porson,  Jortin, 
&c.,  but  none  of  Forster's  prose  pieces,  which  form 
so  large  a  portion  of  the  other  Florilegium  and 
Anthologia.  Dr.  Forster's  life  would  make  a  very 
entertaining  biography,  and  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  more  about  him,  whether  he  be'  yet  alive, 
what  books  he  printed  at  Bruges,  &c.* 

In  concluding  this  matter,  I  beg  to  return  my 
best  thanks  to  MR.  PINKERTON  for  the  valuable 
information  he  so  freely  imparted  to  me,  and  the 
handsome  manner  in  which  he  placed  it  at  my  dis- 
posal. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

'  Mr.  Lyte's  New  Instantaneous  Process.  —  I  beg  to 
communicate  to  you  a  new  process  in  photography, 
which  is  by  far  the  most  rapid  I  believe  yet  discovered, 
and  combines  at  the  same  time  great  stability.  It  has 
been  the  result  of  a  great  many  experiments  on  my 
part,  and  even  now  I  am  hardly  prepared  to  say  that 
it  is  brought  to  its  fullest  perfection  ;  but  it  suffices  to 
say  that  it  is  sufficiently  rapid  to  give  pictures  of  the 
waves  of  the  sea  in  motion  with  perfect  sharpness,  and 


*  Dr.  Forster  was  born  in  London  in  1789,  of  an 
ancient  Catholic  family ;  he  was  himself  a  Protestant 
until  the  year  1835,  when  it  appears  that  he  became  a 
convert  to  the  Church  of  Rome :  at  the  same  time  he 
received  the  additional  names  of  Ignatius  Maria.  It 
is  most  probable  that  he  is  yet  alive  and  in  Belgium, 
where  he  has  resided  for  many  years.  The  Editor  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  has  kindly  sent  me  a  list  from  the  Cata- 
logue of  the  British  Museum,  of  some  four  and  thirty 
works  by  Dr.  Forster.  There  is,  however,  another 
book  by  Dr.  Forster  not  contained  in  the  Museum 
list,  Onthophilos,  on  Les  Derniers  Entretiens  d'un  Phi- 
losophe  CathoUque  (Brussels?),  1836. 


ships  sailing  at  ten  knots  an  hour,  and  puttling  up 
and  down  at  the  same  time,  and  all  with  a  landscape 
lens.  By  it  also,  and  by  the  same  lens,  we  may  take 
instantaneous  portraits.  The  process  is  as  follows  :  — 
After  the  plate,  prepared  with  the  collodion  and  sen- 
sitised with  the  nitrate  bath,  as  I  have  described  in 
one  of  your  former  Numbers,  is  taken  from  the  bath, 
I  pour  over  it  a  solution  composed  as  follows : 

1.  Take— 

Nitrate  of  silver          -  200  grains. 

Distilled  water  -  -         6  ounces. 

Iodide  of  silver,  as  much  as  will  dissolve. 
Mix  and  filter. 

2.  Take  — 

Grape  sugar  or  honey            -  -         8  ounces. 

Water    -           -  6  ounces. 

Alcohol  l  ounce. 
Mix,  dissolve,  and  filter. 

And  when  required  for  use,  mix  equal  parts  of  these 
solutions,  and  pour  them  over  the  plate.  The  plate  is 
to  be  allowed  to  drain ;  and  then,  when  placed  in  the 
frame,  is  ready  for  the  camera,  and  is  easily  impressed 
as  a  deep  negative  by  a  Ross's  landscape  lens  instan- 
taneously. To  develop,  I  use  always  the  same  agents 
as  I  have  before  specified.  One  or  two  cautions  are 
to  be  observed  in  this  process.  First,  the  grape-sugar 
or  honey  must  be  quite  pure,  and  free  from  any  strong 
acid  re-action ;  and^  secondly,  these  substances  are  much 
improved  by  a  long  exposure  to  the  air,  by  which  the 
oxidation  of  them  is  commenced,  and  the  result  made 
much  more  certain  and  effective.  However,  I  find 
that  the  addition  of  the  least  possible  quantity  of 
nitric  acid  has  the  same  effect ;  but  nothing  is  so  good 
as  long  exposure  of  the  sugar  or  honey,  so  as  to  be- 
come completely  candied  before  mixing.  The  sugar 
may  as  conveniently  of  course  be  mixed  in  the  collo- 
dion as  in  the  bath,  but  in  that  case  the  keeping  pro- 
perties are  lost,  as  the  plate  is  not  thus  kept  longer 
moist  than  usual.  If,  however,  the  former  process  be 
used  and  well  conducted,  the  plate  when  sensitised 
may  be  kept  for  four  hours  at  least  without  injury. 

The  grape  sugar  should  be  made  with  oxalic,  and 
the  acid  removed  by  lime  as  usual,  and  not  with  sul- 
phuric acid,  as  is  often  done ;  as  in  the  latter  case 
sulpho-saccharic  acid  is  formed,  which  much  injures  the 
result. 

I  have  been  trying  numerous  experiments  in  this 
line,  and  I  think  I  have  almost  hit  upon  another  and 
quite  new  and  instantaneous  process  ;  but  as  it  is  only 
in  embryo,  I  will  not  give  it  to  you  till  perfect. 
There  are  of  course  many  other  substances  to  be  yet 
mixed  in  the  bath  or  the  collodion,  e.g.  all  the  alkaloids, 
or  indeed  any  of  the  deoxidating  agents  known,  and 
probably  with  good  results.  I  am  still  continuing  my 
experiments  on  this  head,  and  if  I  make  any  farther 
improvements  I  will  lose  no  time  in  communicating 
them  to  you.  Some  negatives  taken  by  this  means 
were  exhibited  on  Friday  evening  at  the  Royal  In- 
stitution, and  were  much  admired. 

F.  MAXWELL  LTTE. 

[By  MR.  LYTE'S  kindness,  who  has  shown  us  a 
number  of  the  pictures  taken  by  this  new  process,  we 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


571 


are  enabled  to  bear  our  testimony  to  its  beautiful 
results.  We  are  glad  to  learn  also,  that  there  is  a 
probability  that  the  admirers  of  photography  may 
soon  be  enabled  to  purchase  specimens  of  the  produc- 
tions of  this  accomplished  amateur,  who  is  about  to 
return  to  the  Pyrenees  for  the  purpose  of  securing 
photographic  views  of  the  splendid  scenery  and  various 
objects  of  interest  which  are  to  be  found  there. — 
ED.  «  N.  &  Q."] 

Photographs,  8fc.  of  the  Crystal  Palace.  —  All  who 
have  visited  the  Photographic  Institution,  in  New 
Bond  Street,  must  have  admired  the  large  photographic 
views  of  the  Crystal  Palace,  from  collodion  negatives 
taken  by  MB.  DELAMOTTE,  who,  combining  the  taste 
of  the  artist  with  the  skill  of  the  photographer,  has 
succeeded  in  producing  some  most  effective  views  of 
this  new  Temple  of  Education.  At  Lord  Rosse's  soiree 
on  Saturday  last,  the  closing  one  unfortunately  of  those 
most  agreeable  reunions,  Mr.  Williams  exhibited  three 
daguerreotypes,  taken  that  morning,  of  the  ceremony  of 
opening  the  Crystal  Palace,  which,  although  only  about 
three  inches  by  five,  contained  some  hundreds  of  figures. 
The  portraits  of  the  Queen  and  the  brilliant  cortege 
which  surrounded  her  at  the  moment  were  strikingly 
effective. 

Soluble  Cotton.  —  In  answer  to  the  observations  of 
H.  17.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  548.),  I  should  imagine  that  the 
nitrate  of  potash  used  was  not  thoroughly  dried ;  and 
consequently,  the  amount  of  water  used  was  in  excess 
of  that  directed.  The  temperature  should  be  from 
120°  to  130°  Fahr.  And  thermometers  of  a  proper 
construction  (with  the  lower  part  of  the  scale  to  bend 
up  from  the  bulb)  can  be  obtained  in  abundance  at 
from  Is.  to  2s.  6d.  at  several  of  the  makers  in  Hatton 
Garden  or  elsewhere.  GEO.  SHADBOLT. 

Cameras At  one  of  the  earliest  meetings  of  the 

Photographic  Society,  I  suggested  the  use  of  papier 
mache  as  a  material  for  the  construction  of  cameras,  as 
possessing  nearly  all  the  requisite  qualities  ;  but  there 
is  one  serious  objection  to  its  application  to  this  pur- 
pose, its  brittleness,  as  a  smart  blow  is  apt  to  snap  it 
like  a  biscuit.  I  think,  however,  upon  the  whole, 
that  if  a  peculiar  kind  of  Honduras  mahogany,  such  as 
is  used  for  coach  panels,  is  adopted,  the  possessor  would 
never  desire  a  change.  It  should  be  as  plain  as  a  piece 
of  deal,  without  the  slightest  beauty  of  grain,  which  is 
a  positive  detriment  to  a  camera,  from  the  accom- 
panying liability  to  warping.  GEO.  SHADBOLT. 


to  Elinor 

Shakspeare  Portrait  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  438.).— J.  S. 
Smith,  in  his  Nollehins  and  his  Times  (vol.  i.  p.  26.), 
has  a  passage  referring  to  the  portrait  mentioned 
by  your  correspondent : 

"  Clarkson,  the  portrait  painter,  was  originally  a 
coach-panel  and  sign  painter;  and  he  executed  that 
most  elaborate  one  of  Shakspeare,  which  formerly 
hung  across  the  street  at  the  north-east  corner  of 
Little  Russell  Street,  in  Drury  Lane.  The  late  Mr. 


Thomas  Grignon  informed  me,  that  he  had  often  heard 
his  father  say,  that  this  sign  cost  Jive  hundred  pounds  ! 
In  my  boyish  days  it  was  for  many  years  exposed  for 
sale  for  a  very  trifling  sum,  at  a  broker's  shop  in 
Lower  Brook  Street,  Grosvenor  Square.  The  late 
Mr.  Grace,  of  Great  Queen  Street,  assured  me  that  it 
was  in  his  early  days  a  thing  that  country  people 
would  stand  and  gaze  at,  and  that  that  corner  of  the 
street  was  hardly  passable." 

Edwards,  in  his  Anecdotes  of  Painters  (p.  117.), 
assigns  the  portrait  to  a  different  painter,  Samuel 
Wale,  E-.A.  His  account,  however,  being  more 
minute  than  Smith's,  is  worth  transcribing : 

"  Mr.  Wale  painted  some  signs ;  the  principal  one 
was  a  whole-length  of  Shakspeare,  about  five  feet  high, 
which  was  executed  for,  and  displayed  before  the  door 
of  a  public-house,  the  north-west  corner  of  Little 
Russell  Street,  in  Drury  Lane.  It  was  enclosed  in  a 
most  sumptuous  carved  gilt  frame,  and  suspended  by 
rich  iron  work  ;  but  this  splendid  object  of  attraction 
did  not  hang  long  before  it  was  taken  down,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  act  of  parliament  which  passed  for 
paving,  and  also  for  removing  the  signs  and  other 
obstructions  in  the  streets  of  London.  Such  was  the 
total  change  of  fashion,  and  the  consequent  disuse  of 
signs,  that  the  above  representation  of  our  great  dra- 
matic poet  was  sold  for  a  trifle  to  Mason  the  broker,  in 
Lower  Grosvenor  Street ;  where  it  stood  at  his  door 
for  several  years,  until  it  was  totally  destroyed  by  the 
weather  and  other  accidents." 

EDWARD  F.  KIMBAUI/T. 

"Aches"  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  351.  409.). — Aches,  as  a 
dissyllable,  may  be  heard  any  day  in  Shropshire : 
"  My  yead  caches"  (my  head  aches)  is  no  uncom- 
mon complaint  in  reply  to  an  inquiry  about  health. 
WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

"  Waestart"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  349.).— The  querist,  I 
humbly  presume,  is  not  a  Yorkshireman  himself; 
or,  probably,  he  would  have  at  once  resolved 
waestart  into  the  ungrammatical  but  natural  in- 
quiry, "  Where  1st'  'art  ?"  —  isf  meaning  are  you, 
thou  being  vulgarly  used  for  you  ;  the  h  is  elided 
in  hurt,  the  u  in  'urt  being  pronounced  as  a, 
changing  the  vowel,  as  is  very  common  among 
the  illiterate.  For  instance,  church  is  often  called 
church  by  those  who  live  a  little  to  the  north-west ; 
and  person,  where  the  e  is  almost  equivalent  to 
the  soft  u  in  sound,  is  made  into  person  !  L.  J. 

Willow  Bark  in  Ague  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  452.).— In 
the  Philosophical  Transactions  (1835?)  is  a  me- 
moir by  the  Rev.  E.  Stone,  of  Chipping  Norton, 
of  the  salutary  effects  of  the  bark  of  the  Duck 
Willow  in  agues  and  intermittent  fevers.  The 
author  states,  that  being  dried  in  an  oven,  and 
pounded,  and  administered  in  doses  of  one  drachm 
every  four  hours  in  the  intervals  of  the  paroxysms, 
it  soon  reduces  the  distemper ;  and,  except  in 
very  severe  cases,  removes  it  entirely.  With  the 
addition  of  one  fifth  part  of  Peruvian  bark,  it  be- 


572 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  242. 


comes  a  specific  against  these  disorders,  and  never 
fails  to  remove  them.  One  advantage  it  possesses 
of  influencing  the  patient  beneficially  immediately 
it  is  adopted,  without  the  necessity  of  preparation 
previously.  It  is  a  safe  medicine,  and  may  be 
taken  in  water  or  tea. 

I  copy  the  above  from  an  entry  in  an  old  note- 
book. I  imagine  the  Duck  Willow  to  be  the  Com- 
mon White  Willow  {Salix  albce  vulgaris)  of  Ray. 

SHIRLEY  HIBBEED. 

See  Pereira's  Materia  Medico, :  SALIX.  He  re- 
fers to  a  paper  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Stone  in  the  Phil. 
Trans,  vol.  liii.  p.  195.,  on  the  efficacy  of  the 
bark  of  the  Salix  alba  as  a  remedy  for  agues.  See 
also  A.  T.  Thomson's  London  Dispensatory •,  in 
which  is  given  an  account  of  Mr.  Stone's  mode  of 
administration.  H.  J. 

Lord  Fairfax  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  380.). — I  apprehend 
that  there  is  nothing  in  the  reply  of  A  FAIRFAX 
KINSMAN  fat  all  calculated  to  shake  the  opinion 
which  I  expressed  touching  the  barony  of  Fairfax 
of  Cameron.  The  case  of  the  earldom  of  New- 
burgh,  which  your  correspondent  does  not  even 
mention,  is,  I  submit,  of  greater  weight  than  all  the 
"  Peerages,"  and  even  than  the  Roll  of  Scottish 
Peers.  As  to  the  Irish  case — that  of  the  Earl  of 
Athlone — I  can  but  repeat  my  Query.  Whether 
right  or  wrong,  it  is  not  binding  on  the  British 
House  of  Lords.  The  cases  of  the  King  of  Hanover, 
the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and  Earl  Kelson,  are  not 
in  point.  His  Hanoverian  Majesty  is  not  an  alien ; 
and  though  some  British  subjects  maylbe  recognised 
as  peers  by  foreign  states,  it  does  not  follow  that  a 
foreigner  can  be  a  peer  of  Britain.  H.  G. 

The  Young  Pretender  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  177.  231.)— 
The  wife  of  the  Young  Pretender  was  Louisa 
Maximiliene,  the  daughter  of  Gustavus  Adolphus, 
Prince  of  Scholberg,  who  was  born  in  1752,  and 
married  in  1772.  As  a  widow,  she  lived  in  Paris 
as  the  Countess  of  Albany,  but  in  her  drawing- 
room  called  herself  Queen  of  Great  Britain.  She 
was  alive  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  the  Princess 
Charlotte  (Nov.  1817).  See  Fisher's  Companion 
and  Key  to  History  of  England,  p.  333.  O.  S. 

Dobney's  Bowling-green;  Wildman;  Sampson, 
(Vol.  ix./p.  375.).  —  Dobney's,  or,  more  correctly, 
D'Aubigney's  Bowling-green,  ceased  to  be  a  place 
of  public  amusement  about  the  year  1810.  It  is 
now  occupied  by  a  group  of  houses  called  Dobney's 
Place,  near  the  bottom  of  Pen  ton  Street.  The  late 
Mr.  Upcott  had  a  drawing  of  Prospect  House 
(as  the  building  was  called),  taken  about  1780.  A 
hand-bill  of  the  year  1772  (in  a  volume  formerly 
belonging  to  Lysons)  thus  describes  the  nature  of 
Wildman's  performance  : 

"  The  Sees  on  Horseback. — Daniel  Wildman  rides, 
standing  upright,  one  foot  on  the  saddle,  and  the  other 


on  the  horse's  neck,  with  a  curious  mask  of  bees  on  his 
face.  He  also  rides  standing  upright  on  the  saddle, 
with  the  bridle  in  his  mouth,  and,  by  firing  a  pistol, 
makes  one  part  of  the  bees  march  over  a  table,  and  the 
other  part  swarm  in  the  air,  and  return  to  their  proper 
places  again." 

Sampson,  Price,  Johnson,  and  Coningham  were 
celebrated  equestrian  performers  towards^the  close 
of  the  last  century.  Astley  was  the  pupil  of  Samp- 
son, and  his  successor  in  agility.  Bromley,  in  his 
Catalogue  of  Engraved  Portraits,  mentions  a  folio 
engraving  of  Sampson,  without  date  or  engraver's 
name.  It  is  hardly  likely  that  any  life  of  him  was 
published.  EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 

Pcdceologus  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  312.).  —  Your  readers 
will  find,  in  Oldmixon's  West  Indies,  a  later  notice 
of  the  strange  descent  and  fortunes  of  this  once 
illustrious  family.  From  Cornwall  they  appear  to 
have  settled  in  Barbadoes,  where  it  is  very  possible 
that  with  mutilated  name  the  family  may  yet  be 
found  among  the  "poor  whites"  (many  among 
them  of  ancient  lineage)  of  that  island.  B. 

Children  by  one  Mother. — In  Vol.  ix.,  p.  186., 
I.  R.  R.,  in  reply  to  a  Query  in  Vol.  v.,  p.  126. — 
"If  there  be  any  well- authenticated  instance  of 
a  woman  having  had  more  than  twenty-five  chil- 
dren?"—  sends^an  account  of  a  case,  which  he 
"  firmly  believes"  to  be  authenticated,  of  a  farmer's 
wife  who  had  thirty.  I  now  send  you  a  much 
better  authenticated  case  of  polyprogenitiveness, 
which  utterly  throws  the  farmer's  wife  into  the 
shade. 

In  Palazzo  Frescobaldi,  in  this  city,  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  old  Florentine  family  of  that  name, 
there  is,  among  many  other  family  portraits,  one 
full-length  picture  of  a  tall  and  good-looking  lady 
with  this  inscription  beneath  it:  "Dianora  Sal- 
viati,  moglie  di  Bartolomeo  Frescobaldi,  fece  cin- 
quantadue  figli,  mai  meno  che  tre  per  parto" 
(Dianora  Salviati,  wife  of  Bartolomeo  Frescobaldi, 
gave  birth  to  fifty-two  sons,  and  never  had  less 
than  three  at  a  birth).  The  case  is  referred  to  by 
Gio.  Schenchio,  in  his  work  Del  Parto,  at  p.  144. 

The  Essex  lady,  as  well  as  I  should  suppose  all 
other  ladies  whatsoever,  must  hide  their  diminished 
heads  in  presence  of  this  noble  dame  of  Florence. 

T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

Robert  Brown  the  Separatist  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  494.). 
— MR.  CORNER  will  probably  find  an  answer  to 
his  question  in  the  History  of  Stamford,  by  W. 
Harrod  (1785),  and  in  Blore's  History  of  the 
County  of  Rutland,  1813,  fol. ;  Bawden's  Survey, 
1809,  4to. ;  Wright's  History  of  Rutlandshire^ 
1687  and  1714.  The  last  descendant  of  Robert 
Brown  died  on  Sept.  17,  1839,  set.  sixty-nine, 
widow  of  George,  third  Earl  of  Pomfret ;  and  as 
she  had  no  issue,  her  house  and  estate  at  Toltrop 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


573 


(i.  c.  Tolthorp),  in  Rutlandshire,  about  two  miles 
from  Stamford  in  Lincolnshire,  probably  passed 
to  his  heir  and  brother  Thomas  William,  the  fourth 
earl. 

At  the  time  of  her  marriage,  her  servants  (as 
was  believed  by  orders  from  their  mistress)  per- 
severed in  chiming  the  only  two  bells  of  the  parish 
church,  to  the  hazard  and  annoyance  of  the  vicar's 
wife,  just  confined  of  her  first  child  in  a  room 
hardly  a  stone's  throw  from  it.  His  pupils  were 
so  indignant,  that  they  drove  away  the  offenders 
and  took  the  clappers  out  of  the  bells  :  and  the 
son  of  a  near  neighbour,  then  a  member  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge  (Thos.  Foster,  A.B., 
1792),  made  it  the  subject  of  a  mock-heroic  poem 
of  some  merit,  called  the  Brunoniad  (London, 
1790,  printed  by  Kearsley).  So  few  copies  were 
printed,  that  the  queen  and  princesses  could  not 
procure  one  ;  and  a  lady  employed  at  Court  re- 
quested a  young  friend  of  hers,  resident  at  Stam- 
ford, to  make  a  transcript  of  it  for  their  use.  This 
your  present  note-writer  can  aver,  as  the  tran- 
scriber was  a  sister  of  ANAT. 

Hero  of  the  "  Spanish  Lady's  Love"  (Vol.  ix., 
P.  305.).  —  Concerning  the  origin  of  this  interest- 
ing old  ballad,  the  following  communication  ap- 
peared in  The  Times  of  May  1,  1846.  It  is  dated 
from  Coldrey,  Hants,  and  signed  Charles  Lee : 

*'  The  hero  of  this  beautiful  ballad  was  my  ancestor, 
Sir  John  Bolle  of  Thorpe  Hall,  Lincolnshire,  of  most 
ancient  and  loyal  family,  and  father  of  that  Colonel 
Bolle  who  fell  in  Alton  Church,  whilst  lighting  against 
the  rebels  in  December,  1643.  Of  the  truth  of  this  I 
am  prepared  to  give  the  curious  in  these  matters  the 
most  abundant  evidence,  but  the  space  which  the  sub- 
ject would  occupy  would  necessarily  exclude  it  from 
your  columns. 

"  The  writer  of  the  paper  in  the  Edinburgh  says  :  — 
'  Had  the  necklace  been  still  extant,  the  preference 
would  have  been  due  to  Littlecot.'  The  necklace  is 
still  extant,  in  the  possession  of  a  member  of  my  family, 
and  in  the  house  whence  I  write.  In  Illingworth's 
Topographical  Account  of  Scampton,  with  Anecdotes  of 
the  Family  of  Holies,  it  is  stated  :  «  The  portrait  of 
Sir  John,  drawn  in  1596,  at  the  age  of  thirty-six  years, 
having  on  the  gold  chain  given  him  by  the  Spanish 
Lady,  &c.,  is  still  in  the  possession  of  his  descendant, 
Capt.  Birch.' 

**  That  portrait  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Capt. 
Birch's  successor,  Thomas  Bosvile  Bosvile,  Esq.,  of 
Ravensfield  Park,  Yorkshire,  my  brother,  and  may  be 
seen  by  any  one.  I  will  only  add  another  extract  from 
Illingworth's  Scampton: — 'On  Sir  John  Bolle's  de- 
parture from  Cadiz,  the  Spanish  Lady  sent  as  presents 
to  his  wife,  a  profusion  of  jewels  and  other  valuables, 
amongst  which  was  her  portrait  drawn  in  green ;  plate, 
money,  and  other  treasure.  Some  articles  are  still  in 
possession  of  the  family  ;  though  her  picture  was  un- 
fortunately, and  by  accident,  disposed  of  about  half  a 
century  since.  This  portrait  being  drawn  in  green, 
gave  occasion  to  her  being  called,  in  the  neighbourhood 


of  Thorpe  Hall,  the  Green  Lady ;  where,  to  this  day, 
there  is  a  traditionary  superstition  among  the  vulgar, 
that  Thorpe  Hall  was  haunted  by  the  Green  Lady, 
who  used  nightly  to  take  her  seat  in  a  particular  tree 
near  the  mansion.'  In  Illingworth  there  is  a  long  and 
full  account  of  the  Spanish  Lady,  and  the  ballad  is 
given  at  length." 

EDWARD  F.  KIMBAULT. 

Niagara  (Vol.  vii.,  pp.  50.  137.)- — Let  me  add 
one  other  authority  of  comparatively  recent  date 
on  Goldsmith's  side  of  the  vexata  qucestio,  about 
the  pronunciation  of  this  name  : 

"  And  we'd  take  verses  out  to  Demerara, 
To  New  South  Wales,  and  up  to  Niagara." 
Proeme  to  The  Monks  and  the  Giants,  by 
William  and  Robert  Whistlecraft,  i.  e. 
John  Hookham  Frere. 

BALLIOLENSIS. 

Hymn  attributed  to  Handel  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  303.).  — 
I  do  not  understand  whether  MR.  STORER'S 
Query  refers  to  the  words  or  music  of  this  hymn. 
If  to  the  former,  it  is  most  assuredly  not  Handel's. 
It  is  strange  that  the  church  does  not  possess  one 
genuine  psalm  or  hymn  tune  of  this  mighty  master, 
although  he  certainly  composed  several.  The 
popular  melody  called  Hanover,  usually  attributed! 
to  Handel,  was  printed  in  the  Supplement  to  the 
New  Version  of  Psalms  (a  collection  of  tunes)  in 
1703.  Handel  did  not  arrive  in  England  till 
1710.  It  is  improbable,  from  many  circumstances, 
that  he  composed  this  grand  melody.  It  was  pro- 
bably the  work  of  Dr.  Croft. 

D'Almaine,  the  eminent  music-seller  of  Soho 
Square,  published  some  years  back  — 

"  Three  Hymns,  the  Words  by  the  late  Rev.  Charles 
Wesley,  A.M.,  of  Christ  Church  College,  Oxon  ;  and 
set  to  music  by  George  Frederick  Handel,  faithfully 
transcribed  from  his  autography  in  the  Library  of  the 
Fitzwilliam  Museum,  Cambridge,  by  Samuel  Wesley, 
and  now  very  respectfully  presented  to  the  Wesleyan 
Society  at  large." 

Among  my  musical  autographs  is  one  which, 
as  it  relates  to  the  foregoing  publication,  I  tran- 
scribe : 

"  The  late  comedian  Rich,  who  was  the  most  cele- 
brated harlequin  of  his  time,  was  also  the  proprietor  of 
Covent  Garden  Theatre,  during  the  period  that  Handel 
conducted  his  oratorios  at  that  house.  He  married  a 
person  who  became  a  serious  character,  after  having 
formerly  been  a  very  contrary  one  ;  and  who  requested 
Handel  to  set  to  music  the  Three  Hymns  which  I 
transcribed  in  the  Fitzwilliam  Library  from  the  auto- 
graphy, and  published  them  in  consequence. 

S.  WESLEY. 
Monday,  March  SO,  1829." 

The  first  lines  of  the  hymns  are  as  follows : 
1.  Sinners,  obey  the  Gospel  Word.  2.  O  Love 
divine,  how  sweet  thou  art!  3.  Rejoice!  the 
Lord  is  King.  EDWARD  F.  RIMBAULT. 


574 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  242. 


Marquis  of  Granby  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  127.  360.).  — 
In  a  critique  which  appeared  in  the  Quarterly 
Review  for  January  or  April,  1838,  on  Dickens' s 
earlier  works,  it  is  stated  that  Sumpter,  a  dis- 
charged soldier  of  the  royal  regiment  of  Horse 
Guards,  opened  a  public-house  at  Hounslow, 
having  as  its  sign  "The  Marquis  of  Granby," 
which  was  the  first  occasion  of  the  marquis's  name 
appearing  on  the  sign-board  of  a  public-house. 
This  note  appeared  in  reference  to  the  public- 
house  kept  at  Dorking  by  Mrs.  Weller,  the 
"  second  wentur  "  of  Tony  Weller,  father  of  the 
immortal  Samivel,  of  that  ilk. 

John,  Marquis  of  Granby,  was  colonel  of  the 
royal  regiment  of  Horse  Guards  from  May  13, 
1758,  to  his  decease,  which  occurred  Oct.  19, 
1770,  and  was  justly  considered  the  soldier's 
friend.  (See  Captain  Packe's  History  of  the  Royal 
Regiment  of  Horse  Guards,  p.  95.)  Mr.  Dickens, 
in  his  description  of  the  sign-board  at  Dorking, 
has  arrayed  the  marquis  in  the  uniform,  not  of  the 
regiment,  but  of  a  general  officer  :  he  states,  — 

"  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  was  a  sign-board 
representing  the  head  and  shoulders  of  a  gentleman 
with  an  apoplectic  countenance,  in  a  red  coat,  with  deep 
blue  facings,  and  a  touch  of  the  same  over  his  three- 
cornered  hat  for  a  sky.  Over  that,  again,  were  a  pair 
of  flags,  and  beneath  the  ]ast  button  of  his  coat  were  a 
couple  of  cannon  ;  and  the  whole  formed  an  expressive 
and  undoubted  likeness  of  the  Marquis  of  Granby  of 
glorious  memory." 

Witty,  I  admit,  but  that  "  touch  of  the  same " 
(blue  facings  ?)  for  a  sky  is  ambiguous.  Brevis 
esse  laboro,  obscurus  fio. 

The  uniform  of  the  royal  regiment  of  Horse 
Guards,  from  1758  to  1770,  consisted  of  a  dark 
blue  coatee,  with  red  facings,  red  breeches,  jacked 
boots,  and  three-cornered  hats  bound  with  gold 
lace.  G.  L.  S. 

Convocation  and  the  Society  for  the  Propagation 
of  the  Gospel  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  100.).  —The  Arch- 
deacon of  Stafford,  in  his  last  visitation  charge,  at 
Stafford,  May  23,  1854,  said  of  Convocation : 

"  He  was  not  aware  that  the  two  venerable  societies, 
The   Society  for  the  Propagation   of  the    Gospel  in^ 
Foreign  Parts,  and  The  Society  for  Promoting  Chris- 
tian Knowledge,  owed  their  existence  to  it." 

Atterbury,  writing  to  Bishop  Trelawny,  March 
15,  1700-1,  says  : 

"  We  appointed  another  committee,  for  considering 
the  methods  of  Propagating  the  Christian  Religion  in 
Foreign  Parts,  who  sat  the  first  time  this  afternoon  in 
the  Chapter  House  of  St.  Paul's."— Atterbury 's  Cor- 
respondence, vol.  i.  p.  88. 

Though  the  venerable  Society  for  the  Propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  does  not 
owe,  strictly  speaking,  its  existence  to  Convocation, 
yet  it  certainly  is  indebted  to  it,  both  for  the 


general  outline  of  its  operations,  and  also  for  its 
name.  WM.  FRASER,  B.C.L. 

Cassie  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  396.)-— With  regard  to 
W.  T.  M.  about  cassie,  he  will  find  an  approxima- 
tion to  that  word  as  used  for  causeway,  in  the  old 
editions  of  Ludlow's  Memoirs,  and  others,  where 
causeway  is  always  spelt  causey.  A.  (1) 

"  Three  cats  sat"  Sfc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  173.).  — I  am 
delighted  to  say  that  a  long  course  of  laborious 
research  among  the  antiquities  of  nurserydom  have 
enabled  me  to  supply  JULIA  K.  BOCKETT  (I  dare 
not  venture  on  any  prefix  to  the  name,  for  fear  of 
doing  grievous  wrong  in  my  ignorance  of  the 
lady's  civil  status)  with  the  missing  canto  of  the 
poem  her  ancient  friend  is  so  desirous  of  com- 
pleting. It  will  be  seen  to  convey  a  charming 
lesson  of  amiable  sociality — admirably  adapted 
d'ailleurs  to  the  pages  of  a  work  which  seeks  to 
encourage  "  intercommunications."  It  runs  thus : 

"  Said  one  little  cat, 

To  the  other  little  cat, 
If  you  don't  speak,  I  must; 

I  must. 
If  you  don't  speak,  I  must." 

JULIA  R.  BOCKETT  will  doubtless  feel  with  me, 
that  though  the  antithesis  requires  that  the  "I" 
should  be  strongly  emphasised  in  the  first  case, 
the  sentiment  expressed  imperatively  demands  an 
intense  force  to  be  given  to  the  "  must"  in  the 
second  repetition.  T.  A.  T. 

Florence. 

P.  S.  —  By- the- bye,  talking  of  cats,  there  is  a 
story  current,  that  a  certain  archbishop,  who  sits 
neither  at  Canterbury  nor  York,  having  once,  in 
unbending  mood,  demanded  of  one  of  his  clergy  if 
he  could  decline  "cat,"  corrected  the  reverend 
catechumen,  when,  having  arrived  at  the  vocative 
case,  he  gave  it,  "  Vocative,  O  cat ! "  and  declared 
such  declension  to  be  wrong,  and  that  the  vocative 
of  "  cat"  was  "  puss''  Of  course,  it  will  be  hence- 
forth considered  so  in  the  diocese  presided  over 
by  the  prelate  in  question,  as  the  gender  of 
"  carrosse  "  was  changed  throughout  la  belle  France, 
by  a  blunder  of  the  grand  monarque.  But  surely 
the  archbishop  was  as  palpably  wrong  as  the  king 
was.  At  least,  if  he  was  not,  we  have  only  the 
alternative  of  considering  Shakspeare  to  have 
blundered.  For,  have  we  not  Stefano's  address  to 
poor  Caliban : 

"  Open  your  mouth ;  here  is  that  which  will  give 
language  to  you,  cat" 

And  again,  does  not  Lysander,  somewhat  ungal- 
lantly,  thus  apostrophise  Hermia : 

"  Hang  off,  thou  cat,  thou  burr  !" 

Moreover,  will  not  the  pages  of  our  nursery  litera- 
ture furnish  on  the  other  hand  abundance  of  in- 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


575 


stances  passim  of  puss  used  in  every  one  of  the 
oblique  cases,  as  well  as  in  the  nominative  ? 

Tailless  Cats  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  10.  111.).  — It  may 
be  interesting  to  your  correspondent  SHIRLEY 
HIBBERD  to  know,  that  the  Burmese  breed  of 
cats  is,  like  that  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  tailless  ;  or, 
if  not  exactly  without  tails,  the  tails  they  have 
are  so  short  as  to  be  called  so  merely  by  the 
extremest  courtesy.  This  is  the  only  respect, 
however,  in  which  they  differ  from  other  cats. 

S.  B. 

Lucknow. 

Francklyn  Household  Book  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  422.). — 

Say-salt  to  stop  the  barrels.  —  Before  heading 
down  a  cask  of  salted  meat,  the  vacant  spaces  are 
filled  up  with  salt. 

Giggs  and  scourge -sticks.  —  Whip-tops,  and 
whips  for  spinning  them. 

Jumballs. —  A  kind  of  gingerbread. 

JOHN  P.  ^TILWELL. 

Dorking. 

"  Violet-crowned"  Athens  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  496.).  — 
I  have  always  understood  that  the  adoption  of  the 
violet  as  the  heraldic  flower  of  old  Athens  in- 
volved, as  heraldry  so  often  does,  a  pun.  As  you 
well  know,  the  Greek  for  violet  is  lov,  and  thence 
its  adoption  as  the  symbolical  flower  of  the  chief 
city  in  Europe  of  the  Ionian  race.  CANTAB. 

Smith  of  Nevis  and  St.  Kilt's  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  222.). 
—  I  find  by  some  curious  letters  from  an  old  lady, 
by  birth  a  Miss  Williams  of  Antigua,  and  widow 
of  the  son  of  the  Lieut.-Governor  of  Nevis,  now 
in  the  possession  of  a  friend  of  mine  connected 
with  the  West  Indies,  that  the  arms  of  that  family 
were — Gules,  on  a  chevron  between  three  bezants 
or,  three  cross  crosslets  sable.  And  the  crest, 
from  a  ducal  coronet  or,  an  Indian  goat's  head 
argent. 

This  may  facilitate  the  search  of  your  corre- 
spondent for  the  affiliation  of  that  family  to  the 
United  Kingdom.  B. 

Hydropathy  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  395.).  — "  John  Smith, 
C.M."  (t.  e.  clock-maker),  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Augustin,  London,  was  the  author  of  several 
pamphlets.  He  published  in  the  year  1723  a 
treatise  in  recommendation  of  the  medicinal  use 
of  water  as  "  a  universal  remedy,"  as  well  by 
drinking  as  by  applying  it  externally  to  the  body. 
In^the  British  Museum  there  is  a  French  trans- 
lation of  it,  which  appeared  in  Paris,  A.D.  1725. 
This  is  a  proof  of  the  notoriety  which  the  treatise 
obtained.  The  tenth  edition,  dated  "  Edinburgh, 
1740,"  contains  additions  communicated  by  Mr. 
Ralph  Thoresby,  F.R.S.,  and  others.  In  the  year 
1695  he  published  a  short  treatise  entitled  A  de- 
signed End  to  the  Socinian  Controversy;  or,  a 


rational  and  plain  Discourse  to  prove,  that  no  other 
Person  but  the  Father  of  Christ  is  God  Most 
High.  This  attracted  the  notice  of  the  civil 
power,  and  by  order  of  parliament  it  was  burnt, 
and  the  author  prosecuted.  (See  Wallace's  Anti- 
Trinitarian  Biography,  vol.  iii.  p.  398.,  London, 
1850.)  N.W.S. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  324.).  — 

"  Middleton  was  one  of  the  men  who  sought  for 

twenty  years  some  historical  facts  that  might  conform 

to  Leslie's  four  conditions,  and  yet  evade  Leslie's  logic." 

—  Blackwood's  Magazine,  July,  1842,  p.  5. 

J.  0.  B. 

Lord  Brougham  and  Home  Toohe  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  398.). — I  have  not  Lord  Brougham's  book 
before  me,  but  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  Q.  has 
missed  the  meaning  of  his  lordship.  The  reference 
would  probably  be  to  Home  Tooke's  anticipation 
of  the  strange  immoral  reveries  of  Emerson  and 
others,  that  truth  is  entirely  subjective ;  because 
the  word  bears  etymological  relation  to  "to 
trow,"  to  think,  or  believe :  and  so  truth  has  no 
objective  existence,  but  is  merely  what  a  man 
troweth.  If  that  be  an  argument,  Lord  Brougham 
would  say  then  the  law  of  libel  would  be  unjust, 
merely  because  "libel"  means  primarily  a  little 
book  ;  he  might  have  added  that,  according  to 
Home  Tooke  and  Mr.  Emerson,  if  a  man  had 
been  killed  by  falling  against  a  post  at  Charing 
Cross,  a  jury  might  deny  the  fact  of  the  violent 
death,  because  "post"  means  a  place  for  deposit- 
ing letters,  and  he  had  not  been  near  St.  Martin's- 
le-grand.  The  remark  of  Lord  Brougham  is  not 
as  to  a  fact,  but  is  a  reductio  ad  absurdum. 

W.  DENTON. 

It  is  suggested  to  Q.  (Bloomsbury),  that  Lord 
Brougham  meant  not  to  say  that  Home  Tooke 
had  ever  held  or  maintained  this  strange  doctrine, 
"  that  the  law  of  libel  was  unjust  and  absurd,  be- 
cause libel  means  a  little  book,"  but  that  he  would 
have  done  so,  or  might  have  done  so  consistently 
with  his  etymological  theory,  namely,  that  the 
present  sense  of  words  is  to  be  sought  in  their 
primitive  signification  :  e.g.,  in  the  Diversions  of 
Purley,  vol.  ii.  p.  403.,  Home  Tooke  says,  — 

"  True,  as  we  now  write  it,  or  trew,  as  it  was  formerly 
written,  means  simply  and  merely  that  which  is  trowed ; 
and,  instead  of  its  being  a  rare  commodity  upon  earth, 
except  only  in  words,  there  is  nothing  but  truth  in  the 
world." 

If  we  ought  now  to  use  the  word  truth  only  in 
this  sense,  then,  pari  ratione,  we  ought  to  mean 
only  a  little  book  when  we  use  the  word  libel. 

J.  O.  B. 

Thorpe. 

Irish  Rhymes  (Vol.  viii.,   p.  250.).— A.  B.  C. 

asks,  "  Will  any  one  say  it  was  through  ignorance 


576 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  242. 


that  he  (Swift)  did  not  sound  the  g  in  dressing  ?  " 
Now  I  cannot  tell  whether  or  not  I  shall  raise  a 
nest  of  hornets  about  my  ears,  but  my  private  im- 
pression is  that  in  doing  so  Swift  meant  to  be 
"more  English  and  less  nice."  I  think  it  invari- 
ably strikes  an  Irishman  as  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  peculiarities  of  the  English  people, 
the  almost  constant  omission  of  that  letter  from 
every  word  ending  (I  should  have  said,  if  I  was  an 
Englishman,  "  endin'")  with  it.  The  fair  sex,  I 
fear  I  must  add,  are,  of  the  two,  rather  more  de- 
cided in  clippin'  (g)  the  Queen's  English. 

Y.  S.  M. 

.  Cabbages  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  424.).  —  I  was  aware  of 
the  passage  in  Evelyn's  Acetaria,  and  am  anxious 
to  know  whether  there  is  any  confirmation  of  that 
statement.  Is  there  any  other  information  ex- 
tant as  to  the  first  introduction  of  cabbages  into 
England  ?  C.  H. 

Sir  William  "  Usher"  not  "Upton"  (Vol.  viii., 
p.  328.),  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Council  in 
Ireland,  March  22,  1593.  He  was  knighted  by 
Sir  George  Carey,  Law  Deputy,  on  St.  James' 
Day,  1603  ;  and  died  in  16 — ,  having  married 
Isabella  Loftus,  eldest  daughter  of  Adam  Loftus, 
Archbishop  of  Dublin.  Of  what  family  was  he  ? 

Y.  S.  M. 

"Buckle"  (Vol. viii.,  pp.  127.  304.  526.).— An 

awkward  person,  working  incautiously  with  a  saw, 
will  probably,  to  use  a  carpenter's  phrase,  buckle 
it ;  that  is,  give  it  a  bend  or  twist  which  will  in- 
jure its  working.  Y.  S.  M. 

Cornwall  Family  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  304.).  —  John 
Cornwall,  Esq.,  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  England, 
1769,  bore  the  arms  and  crest  of  the  ancient 
family  of  that  name  of  Burford,  in  Shropshire,  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  A  full  account  of  this 
distinguished  family  is  now  preparing  under  their 
sanction.  E.  D. 

John  of  Gaunt  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  432.). — Perhaps  the 
best  method  of  explaining  to  Y.  S.  M.  the  unmis- 
takeable  nose  of  the  descendants  of  John  of  Gaunt, 
will  be  to  refer  him  to  the  complete  series  of  por- 
traits  at  Badminton,  concluding  with  the  late 
Duke  of  Beaufort.  He  will  then  comprehend 
what  is  difficult  to  describe  in  the  physiognomy  of 

"  That  mighty  line,  whose  sires  of  old 

Sprang  from  Britain's  royal  blood; 
All  its  sons  were  wise  and  bold, 
All  its  daughters  fair  and  good  !" 

E.  D. 

"  Wellesley"  or  "  Wesley"  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  173. 
255.). — Your  readers  will  find,  in  Lynch' s  Feudal 
Dignities^  the  name  spelt  Wellesley  in  Ireland,  so 
long  ago  as  the  year  1230,  and  continued  so  for 
several  centuries  at  least  subsequent  to  that  date. 


The  Public  Records  also  bear  evidence  of  the  high 
position  and  great  influence  of  the  Wellesleys,  not 
Wesleys,  for  a  lengthened  period  in  Irish  historv. 

Y.  S.  M. 

Mantel-piece  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.302.  385.).  —In  old 
farm-houses,  where  the  broad,  open  fireplace  and 
hearth  still  exist,  a  small  curtain,  or  rather  valance, 
is  often  suspended  from  below  the  mantle-shelf, 
the  object  apparently  being  the  exclusion  of 
draughts  and  smoke.  May  not  the  use  of  this  sort 
of  mantel  have  caused  the  part  of  the  fireplace 
from  which  it  hangs  to  be  called  the  mantel-piece  ? 
EDGAR  MACCULLOCH. 

Guernsey. 

"  MANTEL,  n.  s.  (mantel,  old  French,  or  rather  the 
German  word  mantel,  '  Germanis  mantel  non  pallium 
modo  significat,  sed  etiam  id  omne  quod  aliud  circum- 
dat :  hinc  murus  arcis,  atque  structura  quae  focum 
in\ert\t,  mantel  ipsis  dicitur.'  V.  Ducange  in  v.  Mantum). 
Work  raised  before  a  chimney  to  conceal  it,  whence 
the  name,  which  originally  signifies  a  cloak."  —  Todd's 
Johnson. 

Richardson  gives  the  two  following  quotations 
from  Wotton : 

"  From  them  (Italians)  we  may  better  learn,  both 
how  to  raise  fair  mantles  within  the  rooms,  and  how  to 
disguise  gracefully  the  shafts  of  chimneys  abroad  (as 
they  use)  in  sundry  forms." — Eeliquice  Wottoniancs, 
p.  37. 

"  The  Italians  apply  it  (plastick)  to  the  mantling  of 
chimneys  with  great  figures,  a  cheap  piece  of  magnifi- 
cence."—  Id.  p.  63. 

ZEUS. 

"  Perturbabantur"  Sfc.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  452.).— 
When  I  first  learned  to  scan  verses,  somewhere 
about  thirty  years  ago,  the  lines  produced  by  your 
correspondent  P.  were  in  every  child's  mouth, 
with  this  story  attached  to  them.  It  was  said  that 
Oxford  had  received  from  Cambridge  the  first  line 
of  the  distich,  with  a  challenge  to  produce  a  cor- 
responding line  consisting  of  two  words  only.  To 
this  challenge  Oxford  replied  by  sending  back  the 
second  line,  pointing  out,  at  the  same  time,  the 
false  quantity  in  the  word  "  Constantinopolitani." 

J.  SANSOM. 

The  story  connected  with  these  lines  current  at 
Cambridge  in  my  time  was,  that  the  University  of 
Oxford  challenged  the  sister  university  to  match 
the  first  line ;  to  which  challenge  the  second  line 
was  promptly  returned  from  Cambridge  by  way  of 
reply.  At  Oxford,  I  believe,  the  story  is  reversed, 
as  neither  university  is  willing  to  own  to  the  false 
quantity  in  "  Constantinopolitani." 

J.  EASTWOOD,  M.A. 

The  classic  legend  attached  to  these  two  lines 
(and  there  are  only  two  in  the  legend)  is  that  the 
Oxonians  sent  a  challenge  to  the  Cantabs  to  make 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


577 


a  binomial  pentameter  corresponding  to  "  Per- 
turbabantur  Constantinopolitani."  The  Can  tabs 
immediately  returned  the  challenge  by  sending 
"  Innumerabilibus  sollicitudinibus."  Perhaps  it 
is  worthy  of  remark,  though  not  evident  except  to 
a  Greek  scholar,  that  the  first  line  contains  at  least 
one  false  quantity,  for  "Constantinopolitani"  must 
have  the  antepenultima  long,  as  being  derived 
from  TroArrrys.  The  lengthening  of  the  fourth  syl- 
lable may  perhaps  have  been  considered  as  a  com- 
pensation, though  rather  a  pra-posterous  one. 

CHARLES  DE  LA  PRYME. 

I  remember  to  have  heard  that  the  history  of 
these  two  lines  is  as  follows  :  —  The  head  of  one  of 
our  public  schools  having  a  talent  for  composing 
extraordinary  verses,  sent  the  first  line,  "  Pertur- 
babantur  Constantinopolitani,"  to  a  friend  of  his, 
who  was  at  the  time  the  captain  of  another  public 
school,  asking  him  at  the  same  time  whether  he 
could  compose  anything  like  it.  The  answer  re- 
turned was  the  second  line,  "Innumerabilibus 
sollicitudinibus,"  —  a  line,  in  my  opinion,  much 
superior  to  the  former,  as  well  for  other  reasons  as 
that  it  is  free  from  any  false  quantity  ;  while,  as 
any  Greek  scholar  will  at  once  find  out,  the  ante- 
penultimate syllable  of  "Constantinopolitani" 
must  be  long,  being  derived  from  the  Greek  word 


I  never  heard  of  any  more  lines  of  the  same 
description.  P.  A.  H. 

I  have  always  understood  that  once  upon  a 
time  the  Eton  boys,  or  those  of  some  other  public 
school,  sent  the  hexameter  verse,  "  Perturbabantur 
Constantinopolitani,"  to  the  Winchester  boys, 
challenging  them  to  produce  a  pentameter  verse 
consisting  of  only  two  words,  and  making  sense. 
The  Winchester  boys  added,  "  Innumerabilibus 
sollicitudinibus."  WICCAMICTJS. 

Edition  of  "  Othello  "  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  375.).  —  The 
•work  inquired  for,  with  the  astrological  (the  editor 
would  have  called  them  hieroglyphic)  notes,  forms 
part  of  the  third  volume  of  the  lunatic  production 
of  Mr.  Robert  Deverell,  which  I  described  in 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  ii.,  p.  61.,  entitled  Discoveries  in 
Hieroglyphics  and  other  Antiquities,  6  vols.  8vo., 
Lond.  1813.  J.  F.  M. 

In  case  it  would  be  of  any  use  to  M.  A.,  Mr. 
Cole,  the  late  lessee  of  the  Theatre  Royal,  Dublin, 
is  now  reader  of  plays  (I  think)  to  Mr.  Kean  at 
the  Princesses  Theatre  ;  at  all  events  he  is  con- 
nected with  that  establishment.  L.  M.  N. 

Dublin. 

Perspective  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  300.  378.).  —  I  shall  be 
glad  of  a  reference  to  any  work  on  Perspective 
which  treats  satisfactorily  of  that  part  of  the  sub- 
ject on  which  I  made  my  Note.  I  think  if  MR. 
FERREY  will  draw  a  lofty  building  on  either  side  of 


a  landscape,  he  will  not  be  satisfied  with  its  ap- 
pearance, if  he  makes  that  side  of  it  which  is  in 
the  plane  of  the  picture  perfectly  rectangular.  I 
often  meet  with  instances  in  which  it  is  so  drawn, 
and  they  produce  the  effect  on  me  of  a  note  out  of 
time.  MR.  STILWELL'S  observation  is  only  par- 
tially correct.  There  is  one  position  of  the  eye,  at 
a  fixed  distance  from  the  picture,  at  which  all  the 
lines  subtend  equal  angles  at  the  eye  with  the 
corresponding  lines  of  the  original  landscape.  But 
a  picture  is  not  to  be  looked  at  from  one  point, 
and  that  at,  probably,  an  inconvenient  proximity 
to  the  eye.  I  have  before  me  a  print  (in  the  HI. 
Lond.  News)  of  the  interior  of  St.  Paul's,  of  which 
the  dome  gives  about  as  good  an  idea  of  proportion 
to  the  building,  as  the  north  part  of  Mercator's 
projection  of  the  World.  The  whole  building  is 
depressed  and  top-heavy,  simply  because  the  per- 
spective of  lines  in  the  plane  of  the  picture  is  rect- 
angular throughout.  I  have  another  interior  (of 
Winchester  Cathedral,  by  Owen  Carter),  which, 
being  drawn  on  the  same  plan,  gives  the  idea  of  a 
squat  tunnel,  unless  looked  at  from  one  point  of 
view,  about  eight  inches  from  the  picture.  I  feel 
that  drawing  these  interiors  so  as  not  to  offend  the 
eye  by  either  the  excess  or  deficiency  of  perspec- 
tive, is  a  great  difficulty.  But  I  think  something 
may  be  done  in  the  way  of  "humouring"  the  per- 
spective, and  approximating  in  our  drawing  to  that 
which  we  know  we  see.  The  camera  has  thrown 
light  upon  the  subject.  We  ought  not  to  despise 
altogether  the  hints  it  gives  us  by  its  perhaps 
exaggerated  perspective,  in  the  case  of  parallel 
lines  in  the  plane  of  the  picture.  I  hope  I  may  at 
least  be  able  to  draw  out  some  more  remarks  upon 
a  subject  which  I  cannot  help  thinking,  with  Mr. 
INGLEBY,  is  in  an  unsatisfactory  and  defective 
state.  G.  T.  HOARE. 

Tandridge. 

"  Go  to  Bath"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  421.).—  I  have  little 
doubt  but  that  this  phrase  is  connected  with  the 
fact  of  Bath's  being  proverbially  the  resort  of 
beggars;  and  what  more  natural,  to  one  ac- 
quainted with  this  fact,  than  to  bid  an  importu- 
nate applicant  betake  himself  thither  to  join  his 
fellows  ?  See  also  Fuller's  Worthies  (co.  Somer- 
set). 

I  transcribe  the  passage  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  have  not  the  book  at  hand : 

"  Beggars  of  Bath.  —  Many  in  that  place ;  some 
natives  there,  others  repairing  thither  from  all  parts  of 
the  land  ;  the  poor  for  alms,  the  pained  for  ease. 
Whither  should  fowl  flock  in  a  hard  frost,  but  to  the 
barn-door  ?  Here,  all  the  two  seasons,  being  the 
general  confluence  of  gentry.  Indeed  laws  are  daily 
made  to  restrain  beggars,  and  daily  broken  by  the 
connivance  of  those  who  make  them ;  it  being  impos- 
sible  when  the  hungry  belly  barks,  and  bowels  sound, 
to  keep  the  tongue  silent.  And  although  oil  of  whip 


578 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  242. 


be  the  proper  plaister  for  the  cramp  of  laziness,  yet 
some  pity  is  due  to  impotent  persons.  In  a  word, 
seeing  there  is  the  Lazar's-bath  in  this  city,  I  doubt 
not  but  many  a  good  Lazarus,  the  true  object  of 
charity,  may  beg  therein." 

J.  EASTWOOD,  M.A. 

R.  R.  inquires  the  origin  of  the  above  saying, 
but  has  forgotten  the  context,  viz.  "  and  get  your 
head  shaved."  I  have  often  heard  it  explained  as 
an  allusion  to  the  fact,  that,  in  former  days,  per- 
sons who  showed  symptoms  of  insanity  were  sent 
to  Bath  to  drink  the  medicinal  waters  ;  the  pro- 
cess of  shaving  the  head  being  previously  resorted 
to.  The  saying  is  applied  to  those  who  either 
relate  "crack-brained"  stories,  or  propose  under- 
takings that  raise  a  doubt  as  to  their  sanity. 

N.  L.  T. 

Ridings  and  Chaffings  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  370.). — 
Though  unable  to  give  MR.  THOMAS  RUSSELL 
POTTER  any  information  respecting  the  "  Ridings 
and  Chaffings"  of  Nottinghamshire  and  Leicester- 
shire, I  send  the  following  note  of  a  somewhat 
similar  custom  prevalent  in  Oxfordshire  (I  never 
heard  of  it  elsewhere),  thinking  it  may  perhaps 
interest  him  and  others  of  your  correspondents. 

I  remember  once,  about  three  years  ago,  I  was 
walking  in  Blenheim  Park,  with  a  friend  then 
resident  at  Woodstock,  when  suddenly  the  still- 
ness of  a  summer  evening  was  broken  by  strange 
and  inharmonious  sounds,  coming  to  us  across  the 
water  from  the  old  town.  The  sounds  grew  louder 
and  louder,  and  in  great  surprise  I  appealed  to  my 
friend  for  an  explanation  ;  when  I  learned  that  it 
was  a  custom  in  that  part  of  the  country,  when- 
ever it  was  discovered  that  a  man  had  been 
beating  his  wife,  for  the  neighbours  to  provide 
themselves  with  all  sorts  of  instruments,  fire-irons, 
kettles,  and  pots,  in  fine,  anything  capable  of 
making  a  noise,  and  proceed  en  masse  to  the  house 
of  the  offender,  before  whose  door  they  performed 
in  concert,  till  their  indignation  subsided  or  their 
arms  grew  weary ;  and  that  the  noise  we  then 
heard  was  the  distant  sound  of  such  music. 

I  do  not  know  if  my  friend  gave  any  name  to 
this  practice  ;  if  he  did,  I  have  since  forgotten  it. 
Doubtless,  some  of  your  Oxford  readers  can  assist 
me.  R.  V.  T. 

Mincing  Lane. 

At  Marchington,  in  Staffordshire,  the  custom 
exists  of  having  what  is  called  a  "  Rantipole  Rid- 
ing" for  every  man  who  beats  his  wife.  The 
ceremony  is  performed  with  great  care  and  so- 
lemnity. A  committee  is  formed  to  examine  into 
the  case.  Then  the  village  poet  is  employed  to 
give  a  history  of  the  occurrence  in  verse.  The 
procession  goes  round  in  the  evening  with  a  cart, 
which  serves  as  a  stage  on  which  the  scene  is  acted 
and  from  which  the  verses  are  recited.  The  cus- 


tom has  been  there  observed,  with  so  much  judg- 
ment and  discretion,  that  it  has  been  productive 
of  much  g^ood,  and  has  now  almost  entirely  put  a 
stop  to  this  disgraceful  practice.  I  can  remember 
several  "  ridings"  in  my  younger  days.  H.  B. 

MR.  POTTER  will  find,  upon  referring  to  Vol.  i., 
p.  245.,  that  this  custom  prevails  in  Gloucester- 
shire, with  the  substitution  of  straw  for  chaff.  I 
have  seen  the  Gloucestershire  version  both  in 
Kent  and  Sussex,  and  have  received  an  expla- 
nation of  it  similar  to  MR.  POTTER'S  own  suppo- 
sition. G.  WILLIAM  SKYRING. 

Somerset  House. 

Faithful  Commin  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  155.).  —  Your 
correspondent  W.  H.  GUNNER  will  find  a  detailed 
account  of  Faithful  Commin  in  Foxes  and  Fire- 
brands^ a  tract  of  which  mention  has  been  made  in 
various  Numbers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  It  is  there  said  to 
be  extracted  from  the  Memorials  of  Cecil  Lord 
Burleigh,  from  whose  papers  it  was  transmitted  to 
Archbishop  Ussher.  "The  papers  of  the  Lord 
Primate  coming  to  the  hands  of  Sir  James  Ware, 
his  son,  Robert  Ware,  Esq.,  has  obliged  the  public 
by  the  communication  of  them."  'AAteus. 

Dublin. 

Heraldic  Anohialy  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  430.).  —  TEE 
BEE'S  description  of  the  arms  on  St.  John's  Gate 
is  somewhat  defective.  They  are  engraved,  and 
more  completely  described,  in  Cromwell's  History 
of  ClerJienwett  [1828],  p.  128.  W.  P.  STOKER. 

Olney,  Bucks. 

Odd  Fellows  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  327.).  —  C.  F.  A.  W. 

will  find  some  of  the  Odd  Fellows'  secrets  disclosed 
in  a  small  volume  entitled  A  Ritual  and  Illustra- 
tions of  Free  Masonry,  $*c.,  by  a  Traveller  in  the 
United  States  (third  thousand)  :  published  by 
James  Gilbert,  49.  Paternoster  Row,  1  844.  The 
Odd  Fellows  date  from  Adam,  who  was  the  odd 
and  solitary  representative  of  the  human  race  be- 
fore the  creation  of  Eve.  KENNEDY 


"  Branks"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  336.).  —  The  word  branks 
does  occur  in  Burns,  and  signifies  "  wooden  curb," 
"but  it  is  not  in  that  sense  it  is  used  by^  Wodrow. 
The  branks  of  the  Covenanters  was  an  iron  collar 
and  chain  firmly  fixed  to  a  tree,  or  post,  or  pillar, 
about  three  feet  from  the  ground.  This  was 
locked  round  the  neck  of  the  luckless  offender, 
who  was  thus  obliged  to  remain  in  a  most  in- 
convenient and  painful  crouching  posture,  being 
neither  able  to  stand  nor  lie.  Many  of  these  are 
still  to  be  seen  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  resi- 
dences of  old  Highland  families  who,  ere  Lord 
Hardwicke's  Jurisdiction  Act,  exercised  the  powers 
of  pit  and  gallows.  There  is  one  at  the  entrance 
to  Culloden  House,  near  Inverness. 

KENNEDY  M']^AB. 


JUNE  17.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


579 


BOOKS  AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

WANTED    TO    PURCHASE. 

Particulars  of  Price,  &c.  of  the  following  Books  to  be  sent 
direct  to  the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  required,  and  whose 
names  and  addresses  are  given  for  that  purpose  : 

THE  TRIALS  OF  ROBERT  POWELL,  EDWARD  BURCH,  AND  MATTHEW 
MARTIN,  FOR  FORGERY,  AT  THE  OLD  BAILEY.  London.  8vo. 
1771. 

Wanted  by  J.  N.  Chadwick,  Esq.,  King's  Lynn. 


AYRE'S  LIFE  OF  POPE.    2Vols.    1741. 

POPE  AND  SWIFT'S  MISCELLANIES.      1727.     2  Vols.  (Motte),  with 

two  Vols.  subsequently  published,  together  4  Vols. 
FAMILIAR  LETTERS  TO  H.  CROMWELL  BY  MR.  POPE.     Curl,  1727. 
POPE'S  LITERARY  CORRESPONDENCE.    Curl,  1735-6.    6  Vols. 
POPE'S  WORKS.    4to.     1717. 

POPE'S  CORRESPONDENCE  WITH  WYCHERLEY.     Gilliver,  1729. 
NARRATIVE  OF  DR.  ROBERT  NORRIS  CONCEP.NING  FRENZY  OF  J.  D. 

Lintot,  1713. 
THE   NEW  REHEARSAL,  OR    BAYES  THE  YOUNGER.     Roberts, 

1714. 

COMPLETE  ART  OF  ENGLISH  POETRY.    2  Vols. 
GAY'S  MISCELLANEOUS  WORKS.    4  Vols.    12mo.    1773. 

RlCHARDSONIANA,  OR   REFLECTIONS  ON    MORAL    NATURE   OF  MAN. 

1776. 

A  COLLECTION  OF  VERSES,  ESSAYS,  &c.,  occasioned  by  Pope  and 
Swift's  Miscellanies.     1728. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Francis,  14.  Wellington  Street  North,  Strand. 


A  TRUE  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  VOYAGE  OF  THE  NOTTINGHAM-GALLEY 
OF  LONDON,  &c.,  by  Captain  John  Dean.  8vo.  London,  1711. 

A  Falsification  of  the  above,  by  Longman,  Miller,  and  White. 
London,  1711.  8vo. 

A  LETTER  FROM  Moscow  TO  THE  MARQUIS  OF  CARMARTHEN, 
relating  to  the  Czar  of  Muscovy's  Forwardness  in  his  great 
Navy  since  his  return  home,  by  J.  Deane.  London,  1699.  Fol. 

HOURS  OF  IDLENESS,  LORD  BYRON.    8vo.    Newark,  1807. 

BACON'S  ESSAYS  IN  LATIN. 

Wanted  by  S.  F.  Crestcell,  King's  College,  London. 


THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND  MAGAZINE.    Vol.  XXI.    1846.     In 
good  order,  and  in  the  cloth  case. 

Wanted  by  the  Rev.  B.  H.  Slacker,  11 .  Pembroke  Road,  Dublin. 


FATHER  BRIDOUL'S  SCHOOL  OP  THE  EUCHARIST.  Trans,  by  Claget 

London,  1687. 
FREITAGHII  MYTHOLOGIA  ETHICA,  with  138  Plates.    Antv.  1579. 

4to. 

Wanted  by  J.  G.,  care  of  Messrs.  Ponsonby,  Booksellers,  Grafton 
Street,  Dublin. 


t0 


Owing  to  the  number  of  Replies  to  Minor  Queries  waiting 
for  insertion,  we  have  this  week  omitted  our  NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  Sfc. 

SALOP  will  find  an  interesting  article  on  Bostal  or  Borstal  Road, 
a  winding  way  up  a  hill,  in  Cooper's  Sussex  Glossary,  s.  v. 

A  SUBSCRIBER.  The  passage  "  Music  hath  charms"  ^c.  is  from 
Congreve's  Mourning  Bride,  Act  I.  Sc.  I. 

J.  L.  (Edinburgh)  will  find  the  line 

"  Dan  Chaucer  (well  of  English  undefiled)  " 
in  Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  b.  iv.  canto  ii.  stanza  32. 

B.  B.  ft  referred  to  Chapter  IV.  of  Fern'ar's  Illustrations  of 
Sterne,  2  vols.,  1812,  for  some  notice  of  Sterne's  obligations  to 
Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy. 

H.  C.  C.  (Devizes).  The  failure  in  the  picture  sent  has  the 
appearance  of  having  been  caused  by  air-bubbles  in  the  solution 
when  exciting  the  albumenixed  paper. 

We  hope  next  week  to  present  our  photographic  readers  with  a 
very  simple  mode  of  preparing  paper  for  the  Talbotype  process. 
In  the  mean  lime  we  can  assure  them  of  the  beautiful  results  we 
have  seen  produced  by  Mr.  Lyte's  process  in  the  present  Number. 
Let  those  who  try  it  remember,  however,  that  by  how  much  more 
rapid  is  the  action,  by  so  much  more  care  is  required  in  the  opera- 
tion, and  so  much  greater  is  the  risfc  of  failure. 

,"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  published  at  noon  on  Friday,  so  that 
the  Country  Booksellers  may  receive  Copies  in  that  night's  parcels, 
and  deliver  them  to  their  Subscribers  on  the  Saturday  . 

"  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  "  is  also  issued  in  Monthly  Parts,  for  the 
convenience  of  those  who  may  either  have  a  difficulty  in  procuring 
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"VYLO-IODIDE    OF    SILVER,   exclusively  used   at   all  the   Pho- 

_/V  tographic  Establishments.  — The  superiority  of  this  preparation  is  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. Testimonials  from  the  best  Photographers  and  principal  scientific  men  of  the  day, 
•warrant  the  assertion,  that  hitherto  no  preparation  has  been  discovered  which  produces 
uniformly  such  perfect  pictures,  combined  with  the  greatest  rapidity  of  action.  In  all  cases 
where  a  quantity  is  required,  the  two  solutions  may  be  had  at  Wholesale  price  in  separate 
Bottles,  in  which  state  it  may  be  kept  for  years,  and  Exported  to  any  Climate.  Full  instructions 
for  use. 

^rrStJTa01*™  Each  Bottle  is  Stamped  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  my  name,  RICHARD  W. 
THOMAS,  Chemist,  10.  Pall  Mall,  to  counterfeit  which  is  felony. 

CYANOGEN  SOAP :  for  removing  all  kinds  of  Photographic  Stains. 

The  Genuine  is  made  only  by  tht  Inventor,  and  is  secured  with  a  Red  Label  bearing  this  Signature 
and  Address,  RICHARD  W.  THOMAS,  CHEMIST,  10.  PALL  MALL,  Manufacturer  of  Pure 
Photographic  Chemicals  :  and  may  be  proeurril  of  all  respectable  Chemists,  in  Pots  at  is.,  2s., 
and  & ,.&*  .each,  through  MESSRS.  EDWARDS,  67.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard;  and  MESSRS. 
BARCLAY  &  CO.,  95.  Farringdon  Street,  Wholesale  Agents. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS. 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian  Road,  Islington. 

OTTE  WILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHERS,  DA- 

JL  GIJERREOTYPISTS,  &c.  -  Instanta- 
neous Collodion  (or  Collodio-Iodide  Silver). 
Solution  for  Iodizing  Collodion.  Pyrogallic, 
Gallic,  and  Glacial  Acetic  Acids,  and  every 
Pure  Chemical  required  in  the  Practice  of 
Photr  graphy,  prepared  by  WILLIAM  BOL- 
,  Operative  and  Photographic  Chemist, 
146.  Holborn  Bare.  Wholesale  Dealer  in  every 
kind  of  Photographic  Papers,  Lenses,  Cameras, 
and  Apparatus,  and  Importer  of  French  and 
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receipt  of  Two  Postage  Stamps.  Sets  of  Ap- 
parattrom  Tares  Guinea?. 


WHOLESALE  PHOTOGRA- 

TT      PHIC     AND     OPTICAL     WARE- 
HOUSE. 

J.  SOLOMON,  22.  Red  Lion  Square,  London. 
Dep6t  for  the  Pocket  Water  Filter. 

CAMERA  to  be  Sold,  Second- 
hand, well  made,  English  make,  sliding- 
principle,  with  front,  universal  adjustment,  fo- 
cussing-glass, and  double  paper-holder.  Pic- 
tures 10  by  8.  Price  3/.  Also  French  Stand, 
15s.  Apply  to  P.  LE  NEVE  FOSTER,  Society 
of  Arts,  Adelphi,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 
&  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c  used  in  this  beautiful  Art — 
123.  and  12>.  Newgate  Street. 


COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 
TING and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class   28,  Great    Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRELOAR, 

Cocoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 


580 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  242. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
JIANCE  AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


H.  E.  Bicknell,Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

M.P. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.  Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.  H.  Goodhart,  Esq. 


Directors. 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.  Lethbndge,Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


Trustees. 
W.Whateley.Esq.,  Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq. ; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician.  —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.  —  Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
ing a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
100?..  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits :  — 


Age  £  s.  d. 

17-  -  -  1  14    4 

22  -  -  -  1  18    8 

27  -  -  -  2    4    5 


Asf- 


42- 


£  s.  d. 

-  2  10    8 

-  2  18    6 

-  3    8    2 


ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10*.  6d.,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

_t\.  ALE.  _  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON",  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 

LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 

MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 

DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 

GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 

DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 

BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 

SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 
"ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "  ALLSOPP 
&  SONS  "  written  across  it.  < 


pHUBB'S      FIRE-PROOF 

\J  SAFES  ANb  LOCKS.  —  These  safes  are 
the  most  secure  from  force,  fraud,  and  fire. 
Chubb's  locks,  with  an  the  recent  improve- 
ments, cash  and  deed  boxes  of  all  sizes.  Com- 
plete lists,  with  prices,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion. 

CHUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churtlivard, 
London  ;  28.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields, 
Wolverhampton. 


TMPERIAL    LIFE    INSU- 

JL  RANCE  COMPANY. 

1.  OLD  BROAD  STREET,  LONDON. 
Instituted  1820. 

SAMUEL  HIBBERT,  ESQ.,  Chairman. 

WILLIAM  R.  ROBINSON,  ESQ.,  Deputy- 
Chairman, 


The  SCALE  OF  PREMIUMS  adopted  by 
this  Office  will  be  found  of  a  very  moderate 
character,  but  at  the  same  time  quite  adequate 
to  the  risk  incurred. 

FOUR-FIFTHS,  or  80  per  cent,  of  the 
Profits,  are  assigned  to  Policies  every  fifth 
year,  and  may  be  applied  to  increase  the  sum 
insured,  to  an  immediate  payment  in  cash,  or 
to  the  reduction  and  ultimate  extinction  of 
future  Premiums. 

ONE-THIRD  of  the  Premium  on  Insur- 
ances of  500Z.  and  upwards,  for  the  whole  term 
of  life,  may  remain  as  a  debt  upon  the  Policy, 
to  be  paid  off  at  convenience  ;  or  the  Directors 
will  lend  sums  of  507.  and  upwards,  on  the 
security  of  Policies  effected  witli  this  Company 
for  the  whole  term  of  life,  when  they  have 
acquired  an  adequate  value. 

SECURITY.  —Those  who  effect  Insurances 
with  this  Company  are  protected  by  its  Sub- 
scribed Capital  of  750,000?.,  of  which  nearly 
140,OOOZ.  is  invested,  from  the  risk  incurred  by 
Members  of  Mutual  Societies. 

The  satisfactory  financial  condition  of  the 
Company,  exclusive  of  the  Subscribed  and  In- 
vested Capital,  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
Statement : 

On  the  31st  October,  1851?,  the  sums 
Assured,  including  Bonus  added, 
amounted  to  -  -  -  -  -  .£2,500,000 

The  Premium  Fund  to  more  than  -         800,000 

And  the  Annual  Income  from  the 
same  source,  to  -  109,000 

Insurances,  without  participation  in  Profits, 
may  be  effected  at  reduced  rates. 

SAMUEL  INGALL,  Actuary. 


THE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 
RILLES,     composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 
London  :   Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE.  26.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 

PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


PIANOFORTES,     25     Guineas 

L  each.  — D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
turers of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
are  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
testimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ing musicians  of  the  age:  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
having  carefully. examined  the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
MAINE &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
testimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  r  cher  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  touch,  or  more  equal  tem- 
perament, while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
tion renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
the  library,  Boudoir, or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
J.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Hlew- 
itt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz  E.  Harrison,  H.  F.  Hasst?, 
J.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery.  S.  Nelson,  G.  A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,H.  Panof  ka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault.  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Kodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO..  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 

Two  THOUSAND" POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE   HAIR  RESTORED  AND   GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 
BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    Is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6cZ. ;  double  size,  4s.  6d. ;  7s.  6rf. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small:  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Ita 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joint*  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
insertpd.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2,s.  6rf.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETIIAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street: 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin  ;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork:  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street.  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCK  HART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  ; 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street;  London.  AH 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


BENNETT'S       MODEL 
WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
HIBITION.  No.    1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 


London-made  Patent  Levers,  if,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  s  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8,  6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold,  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  27.,  3Z.,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 

65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 

XX  CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 

ron  slating  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  9«ier  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post,  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefleld  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London  •.  and  published  by  GEOKOE  BEI.L,  of  No.  18H.  Fle^t  street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  West,  in  the 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.  _  Saturday,  June  17.  1854. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 

A  MEDIUM  OF  INTER-COMMUNICATION 

FOE 

LITERARY  MEN,  ARTISTS,  ANTIQUARIES,  GENEALOGISTS,  ETC, 

M  When  found,  make  a  note  of."  —  CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


No.  243.] 


SATURDAY,  JUNE  24.  1854. 


f  Price  Fourpence. 
i  Stamped  Edition, 


CONTENTS. 

Page 

Memoirs  of  Grammont,  by  W.  II.  Lam- 
min,&c. 583 

Bonn's  Reprint  of  Woodfall's  "  Junius," 
by  H.  Martin  -  -  -  -  584 

MINOR  NOTES  :  —  Mutilating  Books  — 
The  Plymouth  Calendar  —  Divinity 
Professorships  -  -  -  -  585 

QUERIES  :— 

Sepulchral  Monuments    -          -  -    586 

Roger   Ascham   and    his   Letters,  by 

J.E.B.  Mayor    -           -           -  -    583 

MINOR  QUERIES  :  —  Symbolism  in  Ra- 
phael's Pictures  —  "  Obtains  "  —  Army 
Lists  for  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth 
Centuries  —  Anonymous  Poet  —  John 
Bale  —  A  short  Sermon  -  -  589 

MINOR     QUERIES    WITH     ANSWERS  :  — 

Quakers'  Calendar—"  Rorlondo,or  the 
State  Jugglers  "  —  Rathlin  Island  — 
Parochial  Registers  —  "  Trevelyan," 
&c.  —  Grammar  School  of  St.  Mary  de 
Crypt,  Gloucester  -  -  -  589 

REPLIES  :  — 

Cranmer's  Martyrdom,  by  John  P.  Stil- 

well,&c.  -  590 

Coleridge's  Unpublished  Manuscripts, 

by  C.  Mansfield  Ingleby  -  -  591 

Life 591 

Inscriptions  on  Bells,  by  Peter  Orlando 

Hutchinson,    Cuthbert    Bede,    Rev. 

H.  T.  Ellacombe,  &c.  -  -  -  592 
De  Beauvoir  Pedigree,  by  Edgar  Mac- 

Culloch 596 

Right  of  Refuge  in  the  Church  Porch, 

by  Goddard  Johnson,  &c.  -  -  597 
Ferdinand  Charles  III., Duke  of  Parma, 

by  J.  Reynell  Wreford,  &c.      -          -    598 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  :  —  Mr. 
Townsend's  Wax-paper  Process  — 
Photographic  Litigation  -  -  598 

REPLIES  TO  MINOR  QUERIES  :— Vandyk- 
ing  —  Moiiteith  —  A.  M.  and  M.  A.  — 
Greek  denounced  by  the  Monks— Cal- 
decott's  Translation  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment _  Blue  Bells  of  Scotland—"  De 
male  quajsitis  gaudet  11011  tertius 
hreres  "  —  Mawkin— "  Putting  a  spoke 
in  his  wheel  "  —  Dog  Latin  —  Swedish 
Words  current  in  England  —  Mob  — 
"Days  of  my  Youth"  —  Encore  — 
Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Cam- 
bridge  Ri^'ht  of  redeeming  Property 

—Latin  Inscription  oiiLindsey  Court- 
house —  Alyrtle  Bee—  Mousehunt  — 
Longfellow's  "Hyperion"  — Benjamin 
Rush  —  Quakers  executed  in  North 
America  -----  599 

MISCELLANEOUS  : — 
Notices  to  Correspondents  -          -    603 


Multse  terricolis  linguae,  ccclestibus  una. 

SAMUEL  BAGSTEK, 
TJ  AND  SONS' 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  is  sent 
Free  by  Post.  It  contains  Lists  of 
Quarto  Family  Bibles  ;  Ancient 
English  Translations  ;  Manuscript- 
notes  Bibles  ;  Polyglot  Bibles  in  erery  variety 
of  Size  and  Combination  of  Language  ;  Pa- 
rallel-passages Bibles ;  Greek  Critical  and 
other  Testaments  ;  Polyglot  Books  of  Common 
Prayer ;  Psalms  in  English,  Hebrew,  and  many 
other  Languages,  in  great  variety  ;  Aids  to  the 
Study  of  the  Old  Testament  and  of  the  New 
Testament ;  and  Miscellaneous  Biblical  and 
other  Works.  By  Post  Free. 

London  :  SAMUEL  BAGSTER  &  SONS, 
15.  Paternoster  Row. 

TXurTtui,  /MX,  y 


Now  ready,  No.  VII.  (for  May),  price  2s.  GcZ., 
published  Quarterly. 

"RETROSPECTIVE    EEVIEW 

JLV  (New  Series) ;  consisting  of  Criticisms 
upon,  Analyses  of,  and  Extracts  from,  Curious, 
Useful,  Valuable,  and  Scarce  Old  Books. 

Vol.  I.,  8vo.,  pp.  436,  cloth  10s.  Gd.,  is  also 
ready. 

JOHN  RUSSELL  SMITH,  36.  Soho  Square, 
London. 


nPHE    ORIGINAL    QUAD- 

1     RILLES,    composed    for    the    PIANO 
FORTE  by  MRS.  AMBROSE  MERTON. 
London  :   Published  for  the  Proprietors,  and 
may  be  had  of  C.  LONSDALE,  2t3.  Old  Bond 
Street ;  and  by  Order  of  all  Music  Sellers. 

PRICE  THREE  SHILLINGS. 


VOL.  IX.  — No.  243. 


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learning."  —  Nottingham  Mercury. 

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A  series  of  Articles  on  European  Philosophy, 
and  "  Self-Culture." 

Essays  on  Poetry  —  Modern  Poets  — Build- 
ing Societies  :  their  Constitution  and  Advan- 
tages—Language—Phonetics, &c.  Informa- 
tion in  answer  to  numerous  questions,  on  the 
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also  published  on  the  first  of  every  month,  in 
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London  :  HOULSTON  &  STONEMAST. 


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£\.  SON,  &  CO..  as  the  Importers  and  Pub- 
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tained within  six  weeks  of  order.  Lists  of 
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Small  enclosures  taken  for  weekly  case  to 
the  United  States  at  a  moderate  charge. 


T 

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published,  Gratis,  Part  XIV.  of  a  CATA- 
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582 


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[No.  243. 


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583 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  24,  1854. 


MEMOIRS    OF   GRAMMONT. 

(Vol.  viii.,  pp.  461.  549.  ;  Vol.  ix.,  pp.  3.  204.  356.) 

"  Des  gens  qui  ecrivent  pour  le  Comte  da  Grammont 
peuvent  compter  sur  quelque  indulgence.".  —  Vide  In- 
troduction to  the  Memoirs. 

Grammont's  first  visit  to  England  may  have 
been  in  Nov.  1655,  when  Bordeaux,  the  French 
ambassador,  concluded  a  treaty  with  Cromwell, 
whereby  France  agreed  totally  to  abandon  the 
interests  of  Charles  II.  ;  and  Cromwell,  on  his  part, 
declared  war  against  Spain,  by  which  we  gained 
Jamaica.  Another  opportunity  occurred  in  1657, 
when  Cromwell's  son-in-law,  Lord  Fauconberg, 
was  sent  to  compliment  Louis  XIV.  and  Cardinal 
Mazarin,  who  were  near  Dunkirk.  The  am- 
bassador presented  some  horses  to  the  King  and 
his  brother,  and  also  to  the  Cardinal.  They  made 
the  ambassador  handsome  presents,  and  the  King 
sent  the  Duke  de  Crequi  as  his  ambassador  ex- 
traordinary to  the  Protector,  accompanied  by 
several  persons  of  distinction. 

Grammont  was  at  the  siege  of  Montmedi,  which 
surrendered  on  the  6th  August,  1657. 

He  accompanied  his  brother,  the  Marshal,  to 
Madrid  in  1660,  to  demand  the  hand  of  the  Infanta 
for  his  sovereign.  On  the  King's  entry  into  Paris 
the  same  year  with  his  Queen,  Madame  de  Main- 
tenon  writes  : 

«'  The  Chevalier  de  Grammont,  Rouville,  Bellefont, 
and  some  other  courtiers,  followed  the  household  of 
Cardinal  Mazarin,  which  surprised  everybody  :  it  was 
said  it  was  out  of  flattery.  The  Chevalier  was  dressed 
in  a  flame-coloured  suit,  and  was  very  brilliant." 

In  1662  he  was  disgraced  on  account  of  Madlle 
de  la  Motte  Houdancourt,  aggravated  also,  it  is 
said,  by  his  having  watched  the  King  getting  over 
the  tiles  into  the  apartments  of  the  maids  of  honour, 
and  spread  the  report  about. 

The  writer  of  the  notes  to  the  Memoirs  supposes 
that  the  Count's  circumstances  were  not  very 
flourishing  on  his  arrival  in  England,  and  that  he 
endeavoured  to  support  himself  by  his  literary  ac- 
quirements. A  scarce  little  work  in  Latin  and 
French  on  King  Charles's  coronation  was  attributed 
to  him,  the  initials  to  which  were  P.  D.  C.,  which 
it  was  said  might  stand  for  Philibert  de  Cramont, 
There  seems  no  reason  for  this  supposition  :  his 
finances  were  no  worse  in  England  than  they  hac 
been  in  France  ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  he  made  his 
appearance  at  the  Court  of  England  under  the 
greatest  advantages.  His  family  were  specially 
protected  by  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Orleans 
the  favourite  sister  of  King  Charles  ;  and  the  Coun 
was  personally  known  to  the  King  and  to  the  Dub 


jf  York ;  and  from  a  letter  of  Comminges',  dated 
20th  Dec.  1662,  it  may  be  almost  inferred  that 
he  Duke  sent  his  own  yacht  to  fetch  the  Count 
,o  London.  Bussi-Iiabutin  writes  of  the  Count, 
that  he  wrote  almost  worse  than  any  one,  and 
;herefore  not  very  likely  to  recruit  his  finances  by 
uthorship. 

The  exact  date  of  Grammont's  marriage  has  yet 
;o  be  fixed :  probably  a  search  at  Doctors'  Commons 
for  the  licence,  or  in  the  Whitehall  Eegisters,  if 
such  exist,  would  determine  the  day.  The  first 
child,  a  boy,  was  born  on  the  28th  August,  O.  S., 
7th  September,  1664,  but  did  not  live  long.  This 
would  indicate  that  the  marriage  took  place  in 
December,  1663.  From  Comminges'  letters,  dated 
"n  that  month,  it  must  have  been  on  a  day  subse- 
quent to  the  24th  December.  Their  youngest 
child,  who  was  afterwards  an  abbess,  was  born  on 
the  27th  December,  1667. 

It  has  been  stated  that  Grammont  was  the  hero 
of  Moliere's  Mariage  forcee,  which  was  performed 
before  the  Court  at  Versailles  in  1664.  Comminges' 
letter  of  May  19-24,  1664,  may  allude  to  the 
Count's  conduct  to  Miss  Hamilton.  He  was  twenty 
years  older  than  the  lady. 

Under  date  of  October  24— November  3,  1664, 
Comminges  announces  the  departure  from  London 
of  the  Count  and  Countess  de  Grammont. 

The  Count  was  present  with  the  King  at  the  con- 
quest of  Franche  Comte  in  1660,  and  in  particular 
at  the  siege  of  Dole  in  February,  1668.  The  Count 
and  Countess  were  subsequently  in  England,  as 
King  Charles  himself  writes  to  the  Duchess  of 
Orleans  on  the  24th  October,  1669,  that  the  Count 
and  Countess,  with  their  family,  were  returning  to 
France  by  way  of  Dieppe. 

In  1668,  according  to  St.  Evremond,  the  Count 
was  successful  in  procuring  the  recall  of  his  nephew, 
the  Count  de  Guiche. 

Evelyn  mentions  in  his  Diary  dining  on  the  10th 
May,  1671,  at  Sir  Thomas  Clifford's,  "  where  dined 
Monsieur  de  Grammont  and  several  French  noble- 
men." 

Madame  de  Sevigne  names  the  Count  in  her 
letter  of  5th  January,  1672. 

He  was  present  at  the  siege  of  Maestricht,  which 
surrendered  to  the  King  in  person  on  the  29th 
June,  1673. 

Madame  de  Sevigne  names  the  Count  again  in 
her  letter  of  the  31st  July,  1675. 

The  Duchess  of  Orleans  (the  second)  relates  the 
great  favour  in  which  the  Count  was  with  the 
King. 

He  was  present  at  the  sieges  of  Cambray  and 
Namur  in  April,  1677,  and  February,  1678. 

We  obtain  many  glimpses  of  the  Count  and 
Countess  in  subsequent  years  in  the  pages  of 
Madame  de  Sevigne,  Dangeau,  and  others,  which 
may  be  consulted  in  preference  to  filling  your 
columns  with  extracts. 


584 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  243. 


In  1688,  Grammont  was  sent  by  the  Duke  of 
Orleans  to  congratulate  James  II.  on  the  birth  of 
his  son  ;  in  the  Ellis  Correspondence,  under  the 
date  of  10th  July,  1688,  it  appears  there  was  to 
have  been  an  exhibition  of  fire-works,  but  it  was 
postponed,  and  the  following  intimation  of  the  cause 
was  hinted  at  by  a  person  behind  the  scenes : 

"  The  young  Prince  is  ill,  but  it  is  a  secret;  I  think 
he  will  not  hold.  The  foreign  ministers,  Zulestein 
and  Grammont,  stay  to  see  the  issue." 

Grammont  died  on  the  30th  January,  1707,  aged 
eighty-six  years ;  his  Countess  survived  him  only 
until  the  3rd  June,  1708,  when  she  expired,  aged 
sixty-seven  years.  They  only  ^left  one  child, 
namely,  Claude  Charlotte,  married  on  the  6th 
April,  1694,  to  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Stafford  ; 
Marie  Elizabeth  de  Grammont,  born  the  27th 
December,  1667,  Abbess  of  Sainte  Marine^  de 
Poussey,  in  Lorraine,  having  died  in  1706,  previous 
to  her  parents. 

Maurepas  says  that  Grammont's  eldest  daughter 
was  maid  of  honour  to  the  second  Duchess  of 
Orleans,  who  suspected  her  of  intriguing  with  her 
son,  afterwards  the  celebrated  Regent.  The  Duchess, 
he  adds,  married  her  to  Lord  Stafford. 

Another  writer  says,  that  although  Grammont's 
daughters  were  not  handsome,  yet  they  caused  as 
much  observation  at  Court  as  those  who  were. 

W.  H.  LAMMIN. 

Fulham. 

Count  Hamilton  is  little  to  be  trusted  to  in  his 
chronology,  from  a  mischievous  custom  that  he  has 
of,  whenever  he  has  to  record  a  marriage  or  love 
affair  between  two  parties  considerably  different 
in  age,  adding  to  that  difference  extravagantly, 
to  make  the  thing  more  ridiculous.  Sir  John 
Denham  is  a  well-known  instance  of  this ;  but 
another,  which  is  not  noticed  by  the  editor  of 
Bohn's  edition,  nor  any  other  that  I  have  seen, 
is  his  making  out  Col.  John  Russell,  a  younger 
brother  of  the  first  Duke  of  Bedford,  to  have 
been  seventy  years  of  age  in  1664,  although  his 
eldest  brother  was  born  in  1612,  and  the  colonel 
could  have  been  little  older  than,  if  as  old  as,  De 
Grammont  himself.  J.  S.  WARDEN. 


BOHN'S  REFRINT  or  WOODF ALL'S  "JUNITJS." 

When  a  publisher  issues  a  series  of  such  works 
as  are  comprised  in  Bohn's  Standard  Library,  and 
thereby  brings  expensive  publications  within  the 
reach  of  the  multitude,  he  is  entitled  to  the  grati- 
tude and  the  active  support  of  the  reading  portion 
of  the  public  ;  but,  if  he  wish  to  be  ranked  amongst 
the  respectable  booksellers,  he  ought  to  see  to  the 
accuracy  of  his  reprints.  Bohn's  edition  of  Wood- 
fall's  Junius,  in  two  volumes,  purports  to  contain 
"  the  entire  work,  as  originally  published."  This 


it  does  not.  Some  of  the  notes  are  omitted  ;  and 
the  text  is,  in  many  instances,  incorrect.  I  have 
examined  the  first  volume  only  ;  and  I  shall  state 
some  of  the  errors  which  I  have  found,  on  com- 
paring it  with  Woodfall's  edition,  three  volumes 
8vo.,  1814.  The  pages  noted  are  those  of  Bohn's 
first  volume. 

P.  87.  In  his  Dedication,  Junius  says  :  "  If  an 
honest,  and,  I  may  truly  affirm,  a  laborious  zeal." 
Bohn  turns  it  into  nonsense,  by  printing  it :  "  If 
an  honest  man,  and  I  may  truly,"  &c. 

P.  105.  In  Letter  I.,  Junius  speaks  of  "  distri- 
buting the  offices  of  state,  by  rotation."  Bohn  has 
it  "  officers^ 

P.  113.  In  Letter  II.,  Sir  W.  Draper  says  that 
"  all  Junius's  assertions  are  false  and  scandalous." 
Bohn  prints  it  "  exertions." 

P.  206.  In  Letter  XXII.,  Junius  says,  "  it  may 
be  advisable  to  gut  the  resolution."  Bohn  has  it 
"  to  put" 

P.  240.  In  Letter  XXX.,  Junius  says  :  "  And, 
if  possible,  to  perplex  us  with  the  multitude  of 
their  offences."  Bohn  omits  the  words  " us  with" 

P.  319.  In  Letter  XLIL,  Junius  speaks  of  the 
"  future  projects  "  of  the  ministry.  Bohn  prints  it 
"  future  prospects" 

P.  322.  In  the  same  letter,  Junius  says  :  "  How 
far  people  may  be  animated  to  resistance,  under 
the  present  administration."  Bohn  omits  "  to  re- 
sistance" 

P.  382.  In  Letter  LIIL,  Home  says  :  "And  in 
case  of  refusal,  threaten  to  write  them  down." 
Bohn  omits  "threaten" 

P.  428.  In  Letter  LXL,  Philo-Junius  says, 
"  his  view  is  to  change  a  court  of  common  law  into 
a  court  of  equity."  Bohn  omits  the  words  "  com- 
mon law  into  a  court  of" 

P.  437.  In  Letter  LXIIL,  Junius  writes,  "  love 
and  kindness  to  Lord  Chatham."  Bohn  omits 
"  and  kindness" 

P.  439.  In  Letter  LXIV.,  Junius  speaks  of  "  a 
multitude  of  prerogative  writs"  Bohn  has  it  "  a 
multitude  of  prerogatives  " 

P.  446.  In  Letter  LXVIII.,  Junius  says  to 
Lord  Mansfield  :  "  If,  on  your  part,  you  should 
have  no  plain,  substantial  defence"  Bohn  sub- 
stitutes "  evidence"  for  "  defence." 

These  are  the  most  important  errors,  but  not 
all  that  I  have  found  in  the  text.  I  now  turn  to 
the  reprint  of  Dr.  Mason  Good's  Preliminary 
Essay.  The  editor  says:  "The  omission  of  a 
quotation  or  two,  of  no  present  interest,  and  the 
correction  of  a  few  inaccuracies  of  language,  are 
the  only  alterations  that  have  been  made  in  the 
Preliminary  Essay."  We  shall  see  how  far  this  is 
true.  Such  alterations  as  "  arrogance"  for  "in- 
solence," p.  2. ;  "classic  purity"  for  "classical 
chastity,"  p.  3. ;  "  severe"  for  "  atrocious,"  p.  15., 
I  shall  not  particularise  farther ;  but  merely  ob- 
serve that,  so  far  from  being  merely  "  corrections 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


585 


of  inaccuracies  of  language,"  they  are  frequently 
changes  of  meaning. 

At  pp.  4.  and  5.,  extracts  from  speeches  by 
Burke  and  North  are  introduced  into  the  text. 
In  Woodfall,  they  are  given  in  a  note,  so  as  not 
to  interrupt  the  writer's  argument. 

Occasionally,  a  sentence  is  partly  rewritten.  I 
take  one  specimen.  Dr.  Good  says  that,  "But 
for  the  Letters  of  Junius,  the  Commons  of  Eng- 
land might  still  ....  have  been  exposed  to  the 
absurd  and  obnoxious  harassment  of  parliament- 
ary arrests,  upon  a  violation  of  privileges  unde- 
fined and  incapable  of  being  appealed  against  — 
defrauded  of  their  estates  upon  an  arbitrary  and 
interested  claim  of  the  crown."  In  Bohn,  p.  5., 
the  words  are  altered  to  "  have  been  exposed  to 
arbitrary  violations  of  individual  liberty,  under 
undefined  pretexts  of  parliamentary  privileges, 
against  which  there  were  (?)  no  appeal — defrauded 
of  their  estates  upon  capricious  and  interested 
claims  of  the  crown." 

Dr.  Good,  to  show  that  Burke  could  not  be 
Junius,  cites  several  passages  from  his  works ;  and 
then  proves,  by  quotations  from  Junius,  that  the 
opinions  of  the  one  were  opposed  to  those  of  the 
other.  In  Bohn's  edition  all  these  quotations, 
which  occupy  twelve  octavo  pages  in  Woodfall, 
are  omitted  as  unnecessary,  although  the  writer's 
argument  is  partly  founded  upon  them ;  and  yet 
the  editor  has  retained  (evidently  through  care- 
lessness), at  p.  66.,  Dr.  Good's  subsequent  refer- 
ence to  these  very  quotations,  where,  being  about 
to  give  some  extracts  from  General  Lee's  letters, 
he  says  :  "  They  may  be  compared  with  those  of 
Junius,  that  follow  the  preceding  extracts  from 
Mr.  Burke"  This  reference  is  retained,  but  the 
extracts  spoken  of  are  omitted. 

Some  of  Woodfall's  notes  are  wholly  left  out ; 
but  I  will  not  lengthen  these  remarks  by  specially 
pointing  them  out.  The  new  notes  of  Bohn's 
editor  offer  much  matter  for  animadversion,  but  I 
confine  myself  to  one  point.  In  a  note  to  Sir  W. 
Draper's  first  letter  (p.  116.),  we  are  told  that 
Sir  William  "  married  a  Miss  De  Lancy,  who  died 
in  1778,  leaving  him  a  daughter''  In  another 
note  relating  to  Sir  William  (p.  227.),  it  is  stated 
that  "  he  married  a  daughter  of  the  second  son  of 
the  Duke  of  St.  Alban's.  Her  ladyship  died  in 
1778,  leaving  him  no  issue"  How  are  we  to  re- 
concile these  statements  ?  H.  MARTIN. 

Halifax. 

[The  work  professes  to  be  edited  by  Mr.  Wade. 
Mr.  Wade  therefore,  and  not  Mr.  Bohn,  is  responsible 
for  the  errors  pointed  out  by  our  correspondent.— ED.] 


Mutilating  Books.  —  Swift,  in  a  letter  to  Stella, 
Jan.  16,  1711,  says,  "I  went  to  Bateman's  the 


bookseller,  and  laid  out  eight- and- forty  shillings 
for  books.  I  bought  three  little  volumes  of  Lucian 
in  French,  for  our  Stella."  This  Bateman  would 
never  allow  any  one  to  look  into  a  book  in  his 
shop ;  and  when  asked  the  reason,  he  would  say, 
"  I  suppose  you  may  be  a  physician,  or  an  author, 
and  want  some  recipe  or  quotation ;  and  if  you 
buy  it  I  will  engage  it  to  be  perfect  before  you 
leave  me,  but  not  after ;  as  I  have  suffered  by 
leaves  being  torn  out,  and  the  books  returned,  to 
my  very  great  loss  and  prejudice."  ABHBA. 

The  Plymouth  Calendar.  —  To  your  collection 
of  verses  (Vol.  vii.  passini)  illustrative  of  local 
circumstances,  incidents,  &c.,  allow  me  to  add  the 
following : 

"  The  West  wind  always  brings  wet  weather, 
The  East  wind  wet  and  cold  together ; 
The  South  wind  surely  brings  us  rain, 
The  North  wind  blows  it  back  again. 
If  the  Sun  in  red  should  set, 
The  next  day  surely  will  be  wet ; 
If  the  Sun  should  set  in  grey, 
The  next  will  be  a  rainy  day." 

BALLIOLENSIS. 

Divinity  Professorships. — In  the  last  number 
of  The  Journal  of  Sacred  Literature  (April,  1854), 
there  is  a  well- deserved  eulogium  on  the  biblical 
labours  of  Dr.  Kitto ;  who,  though  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  the  title  of  D.D.  (conferred  on  him  some 
years  ago  by  a  Continental  University),  is  never- 
theless a  layman,  and  not,  as  is  very  commonly 
imagined,  in  orders.  The  article,  however,  to 
which  I  refer,  contains  a  curious  mistake.  Mi- 
chaelis  is  cited  (p.  122.)  as  an  instance  of  a  layman 
being  able,  on  the  Continent,  to  hold  a  professor- 
ship relating  to  theology  and  biblical  science,  in 
contrast  to  what  is  assumed  to  be  the  invariable 
sytem  at  the  English  Universities.  It  is  true, 
indeed,  that  for  the  most  part  such  professorships 
are  here  held  by  clergymen  ;  but  from  several  of 
them  laymen  are  not  excluded  by  any  law.  At 
Cambridge,  the  JSTorrisian  Professor  of  Divinity, 
for  example,  may  be  a  layman. 

With  respect  to  the  degree  of  D.D.,  it  is  ob- 
served by  the  writer  of  the  article,  p.  127. : 

"  In  Germany  this  degree  is  given  to  laymen,  but  in 
England  it  is  exclusively  appropriated  to  the  clergy. 
This  led  to  the  very  general  impression  among 
strangers,  that  Dr.  Kitto  is  a  clergyman." 

ABHBA. 

[We  have  frequently  seen  the  celebrated  Nonjuror 
Henry  Dodwell  noticed  as  in  orders,  perhaps  from  his 
portrait  exhibiting  him  in  gown  and  bands  as  Camden 
Professor  of  History  at  Oxford.  Miss  Strickland,  too, 
in  her  Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England,  vol.  vii.  p.  202., 
and  vol.  viii.  p.  352.,  edit.  1853,  speaks  of  that  worthy 
layman,  Robert  Nelson,  both  as  a  Doctor  and  a  clergy- 
man!—  ED.] 


586 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  243. 


SEPULCHRAL    MONUMENTS. 

(Concluded  from  p.  539.) 

A  divine,  reasoning  philosophically  with  a  lady 
on  the  possibility  of  the  appearance  of  ghosts,  was 
much  perplexed  by  her  simple  inquiry  as  to  where 
the  clothes  came  from.  If  then  the  medieval 
effigies  are  alive,  how  can  the  costume  be  recon- 
ciled with  their  position  ?  Where  do  their  clothes 
come  from?  The  theory  advanced  in  the  two 
preceding  Numbers  seems  to  offer  a  ready  solu- 
tion. Another  corroborative  fact  remains  to  be 
stated,  that  when  a  kneeling  attitude  superseded 
the  recumbent,  the  brasses  were  placed  upon  the 
wall,  testifying,  in  some  degree  at  least,  that  the 
horizontal  figures  were  not  traditionally  re- 
garded as  living  portraits.  In  anticipation  of 
objections,  it  can  only  be  said  that  "  they  have  no 
speculation  in  their  eyes ; "  that  out  of  the  thou- 
sands in  existence,  a  few  exceptions  will  only 
prove  the  rule ;  and  that  their  incongruities  were 
conventional. 

It  is  now  my  purpose  to  offer  a  few  more 
reasons  for  releasing  the  sculptors  of  the  present 
day  from  a  rigid  adherence  to  the  uplifted  hands 
and  the  straight  head.  That  there  is  grace,  dignity, 
and  pious  serenity  occasionally  perceptible  in  these 
interesting  relics  of  bygone  days,  which  so  ap- 
propriately furnish  our  magnificent  cathedrals, 
and  embellish  numbers  of  our  parochial  churches, 
is  freely  admitted  ;  but  that  they  are  formal,  con- 
ventional, monotonous,  and  consequently  unfitted 
for  modern  imitation,  cannot  reasonably  be  denied 
by  a  person  with  pretensions  to  taste.  From  the 
study  of  anatomy,  the  improvement  in  painting, 
the  invention  of  engraving,  our  acquaintance  with 
the  matchless  works  of  Greece,  and  other  causes, 
this  branch  of  art  has  made  considerable  advance. 
Why,  then,  should  a  sculptor  be  now  "  cabin'd, 
cribb'd,  confined,  bound  in,"  by  such  inflexible 
conditions  ?  If  some  variation  is  discoverable  in 
the  ancient  types,  why  should  he  not  have  the 
advantage  of  selection,  and  avail  himself  of  that 
attitude  best  adapted  to  the  situation  of  the  tomb 
and  the  character  of  the  deceased  ?  Not  to  mul- 
tiply examples  of  deviation — the  Queen  of  Henry 
IV.,  in  Canterbury  Cathedral,  has  one  arm  repos- 
ing at  her  side,  and  the  other  upon  her  breast. 
The  arms  of  Edward  III.,  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
are  both  stretched  at  his  side.  An  abbot  of 
Peterborough,  in  that  cathedral,  holds  a  book 
and  a  pastoral  staff.  The  hands  of  Richard  Beau- 
champ,  Earl  of  Warwick,  in  his  beautiful  chapel, 
are  raised,  but  separate.  Several  have  the  arms 
crossed,  expressive  of  humility  and  resignation. 
Others  (lay  as  well  as  clerical)  press  a  holy  book 
to  their  bosom ;  and  some  place  the  right  hand 
upon  the  heart,  denoting  the  warmth  of  their  love 


and  faith.  In  his  description  of  Italian  monu- 
ments, Mr.  Ruskin  remarks,  that  "though  in 
general,  in  tombs  of  this  kind,  the  face  of  the 
statue  is  slightly  turned  towards  the  spectator,  in 
one  case  it  is  turned  away"  (Stones  of  Venice, 
vol.  iii.  p.  14.) ;  and  instances  are  not  unfrequent 
of  similar  inclinations  of  the  head  at  home.  Why 
then  should  this  poor  choice  be  denied?  Why 
should  he  be  fettered  by  austere  taskmasters  to 
this  stereotyped  treatment,  to  the  proverbial  stiff- 
ness of  "  our  grandsires  cut  in  alabaster."  In- 
dignation has  been  excited  in  many  quarters 
against  that  retrograde  movement  termed  upre- 
Raphaelism,"  yet  what  in  fact  is  this  severe, 
angular,  antiquated  style,  but  identically  the  same 
thing  in  stone?  What  but  pre-Angeloism ? 
Upon  the  supposition  that  the  effigies  have  de- 
parted this  life,  or  even  that  the  spirit  is  only 
about  to  take  its  flight,  anatomical  and  physiolo- 
gical difficulties  present  themselves,  for  strong 
action  would  be  required  to  hold  the  hands  in 
this  attitude  of  prayer.  The  drapery,  too,  hang- 
ing in  straight  folds,  has  been  always  apparently 
designed  from  upright  figures,  circumstances 
evincing  how  little  the  rules  of  propriety  were 
then  regarded.  Their  profusion  occasions  a  fami- 
liarity which  demands  a  change,  for  the  range  is 
here  as  confined  as  that  of  the  sign-painter,  who 
could  only  depict  lions,  and  was  therefore  pre- 
cluded from  varying  his  signs,  except  by  an  altera- 
tion in  the  colour.  Such  is  the  yearning  of  taste 
for  diversity,  that  in  the  equestrian  procession  on 
the  frieze  of  the  Parthenon,  out  of  about  ninety 
horses,  not  two  are  in  the  same  attitude ;  yet  to 
whatever  extent  our  churches  may  be  thronged 
with  these  sepulchral  tombs,  all  must  be,  as  it 
were,  cast  in  the  same  mould,  till  by  repetition 
their  beauty 

"  Fades  in  the  eye  and  palls  upon  the  sense." 

It  is  evidently  imitating  the  works  of  antiquity 
under  a  disadvantage,  inasmuch  as  modern  cos- 
tume is  far  inferior  in  picturesque  effect  to  the 
episcopal  vestments,  the  romantic  armour,  and 
numerous  elegant  habiliments  of  an  earlier  day. 
Every  lesser  embellishment  and  minuteness  of 
detail  are  regarded  by  an  artist  who  has  more 
enlarged  views  of  his  profession  as  foreign  to  the 
main  design ;  yet  the  robes,  millinery,  jewellery, 
and  accoutrements  usually  held  a  place  with  the 
carvers  of  that  time  of  equal  importance  with 
the  face,  and  engaged  as  large  a  share  of  their 
attention. 

The  comparative  easiness  of  execution  forms 
another  argument.  Having  received  the  simple 
commission  for  a  monument  (specifications  are 
needless),  the  workmen  (as  may  be  imagined)  fixes 
the  armour  of  the  defunct  knight  upon  his  table, 
places  a  mask  moulded  from  nature  on  the  helmet- 
pillow,  fits  on  a  pair  of  hands  with  which,  like  an 


24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


587 


assortment  of  gloves,  his  studio  is  provided,  dili- 
gently applies  his  compasses  to  insure  exact 
equality  by  means  of  a  receipt,  perchance  imparts 
some  devotional  expression,  and  the  work  is  ready 
to  be  transferred  to  stone. 

Mr.  Petit,  in  the  preface  (page  x.)  to  his  Archi- 
tectural Studies,  after  due  praise,  asserts — 

"  That  no  sculptor  anxious  to  advance  his  own  re- 
putation and  art  will  ever  set  up  a  mediaeval  statue  as 
his  model.  He  may  acknowledge  its  merits,  and 
learn  much  from  a  careful  examination  of  it,  but  still 
he  will  not  look  up  to  its  designer  as  his  master  and 
guide." 

Again,  the  efforts  of  genius  are  cramped  by 
such  uncompromising  terms.  The  feet  must  un- 
avoidably be  directed  towards  the  east;  still, 
whatever  the  situation  of  the  tomb  may  chance  to 
be,  from  whatever  point  it  may  be  viewed,  or 
whether  the  light  may  fall  on  this  side  or  on  that, 
no  way  of  escape  is  open,  and  no  ingenuity  can  be 
employed  to  grapple  with  the  uncontrollable  ob- 
struction. Portrait  painters  can  choose  the  posi- 
tion most  favourable  to  the  features,  but  the  mo- 
numental sculptor  of  the  nineteenth  century  may 
only  exhibit  what  is  generally  shunned,  the  direct 
profile ;  the  contour  of  the  face,  and  the  wide 
expanse  of  brow,  which  might  probably  give  the 
most  lively  indications  of  intellectual  power,  ami- 
ability of  disposition,  and  devout  tranquillity  of 
soul,  must  be  sacrificed  to  this  unbending  law 
"which  altereth  not."  Sculptors,  we  are  told, 
should  overcome  difficulties ;  but  here  they  are 
required  to  "  strive  with  impossibilities,  yea,  get 
the  better  of  them."  Whether  painted  windows, 
or  some  other  ornament,  or  a  tomb  alone  in  har- 
mony with  the  architecture  (the  form  and  features 
of  the  individual  being  elsewhere  preserved),  may 
constitute  a  more  desirable  memorial,  is  a  separate 
question,  but  as  statues  are  only  admissible  in  a 
recumbent  posture,  some  little  latitude  must  be 
allowed.  Like  our  reformers  in  higher  things,  it 
behoves  us  to  discard  what  is  objectionable  in  art, 
while  we  cherish  that  which  is  to  be  admired. 
Instead  of  treading  in  the  footsteps  of  those  lofty 
spirits,  we  should  endeavour  to  follow  the  same 
road.  Fully  appreciating  their  excellences,  let 
us  avoid  the  distorted  drawing  of  their  brilliant 
glass,  their  irregularities  in  architectural  design, 
the  irreverence  of  their  carving,  and  the  con- 
ventionalism of  their  monumental  sculpture. 

,  C.  T. 

I  agree  with  C.  T.  in  thinking  that  the  usual 
recumbent  figure  on  mediaeval  tombs  was  intended 
to  represent  a  dead  body,  and  more  particularly 
to  represent  the  body  as  it  had  lain  in  state,  or 
had  been  borne  to  the  grave  ;  and  I  will  add  one 
or  two  additional  reasons  for  this  opinion.  In 
the  description  in  Speed,  of  the  intended  monu- 
ment of  Henry  VIII.,  taken  from,  a  MS.  given 


to  Speed  by  that  industrious  herald  master,  Charles 
Lancaster,  the  following  direction  occurs : — 

"  Item,  upon  the  same  basement  shall  be  made  two 
tombes  of  blacke  touch,  that  is  to  say,  on  either  side 
one,  and  upon  the  said  tombes  of  blacke  touch  shall 
be  made  the  image  of  the  King  and  Queen,  on  both 
sides,  not  as  death  [dead],  but  as  persons  sleeping, 
because  to  shewe  that  famous  princes  leaving  behind 
them  great  fame  never  doe  die,  and  shall  be  in  royall 
apparels  after  the  antique  manner." — Speed's  Hist,  of 
Great  Brit.,  p.  1037.  ed.  1632. 

The  distinction  here  taken  between  a  dead  and 
a  sleeping  figure,  and  the  reason  assigned  for  the 
latter,  show,  I  think,  that  at  that  time  a  recum- 
bent figure  generally  was  supposed  to  represent 
death.  In  a  monument  of  Sir  Roger  Aston,  at 
Cranford,  Middlesex,  in  Lysons'  Environs  of  Lon- 
don, the  knight  and  his  two  wives  are  represented 
praying,  and  by  the  side  of  the  knight  lies  the 
infant  son  who  had  died  in  his  lifetime.  In  the 
monument  of  Pope  Innocent  VIII.  (Pistolesi,  R 
Vaticano,  vol.  i.  plate  63.),  the  Pope  is  in  one  part 
represented  in  a  living  action,  and  in  another  as 
lying  on  his  tomb,  and  from  the  contrast  which 
would  thus  be  afforded  between  life  and  death, 
the  latter  representation  seems  to  indicate  death. 

The  hands  raised  in  prayer  are  accounted  for 
by  C.  T.  Open  eyes,  I  think,  may  be  intended 
to  express,  by  their  direction  towards  heaven,  the 
hope  in  which  the  deceased  died.  This  is  sug- 
gested by  the  description  of  the  funeral  car  of 
Henry  V. 

"  Preparations  were  made  to  convey  the  body  of 
Henry  from  Rouen  to  England.  It  was  placed  within 
a  car,  on  which  reclined  his  figure  made  of  boiled 
leather,  elegantly  painted.  A  rich  crown  of  gold  was 
on  its  head.  The  right  hand  held  a  sceptre,  and  the 
left  a  golden  ball.  The  face  seemed  to  contemplate  the 
heavens" — Turner's  Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.ii.  p.  465. 

I  must,  however,  add  that  on  referring  to 
Monstrelet,  I  doubt  whether  Turner  does  not  go 
too  far  in  this  last  particular.  Monstrelet  merely 
says,  "le  visage  vers  le  ciel."  (Monst.  Chron. 
vol.  i.  325.  ed.  1595.)  Speed  adds  an  additional 
circumstance  :  "  The  body  (of  this  figure)  was 
clothed  with  a  purple  roabe  furred  with  ermine." 
From  the  mutilated  state  of  the  tomb  it  is  impos- 
sible to  say  how  far  the  recumbent  effigy  resem- 
bled this  boiled  figure,  but  it  is  evidently  just 
such  a  representation  of  the  king  as  might  have 
been  laid  on  his  tomb,  and  so  far  it  tends  to  sup- 
port the  opinion  that  the  effigy  on  a  tomb  re- 
presents the  deceased  as  he  had  lain  in  state,  or 
was  borne  to  and  placed  in  his  tomb,  an  opinion 
fully  borne  out  by  the  agreement  which,  in  some 
cases,  has  been  found  to  exist  between  the  effigy 
on  a  tomb  and  the  body  discovered  within  it,  or 
between  the  effigy  and  the  description  of  the  body 
as  it  had  lain  in  state.  See  the  tombs  of  King 


588 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  243. 


John,  Robert  Lord  Hungerford,  and  Henry  II., 
in  Stothard's  Monumental  Effigies  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  the  Introduction  to  that  work. 

I  think  it  is  not  irrelevant  to  remark  that  at  a 
very  early  period  a  recumbent  figure  was  some- 
times placed  on  a  tomb  as  in  a  state  of  death. 
The  recumbent  Etruscan  figures  generally  repre- 
sent a  state  of  repose  or  of  sensual  enjoyment ; 
but  there  is  one  given  by  Micali  (Monumenti 
inediti  a  Illustrazione  degli  Antichi  Popoli  Italian^ 
Tav.  48.  p.  303.),  which  is,  undoubtedly,  that  of 
a  dead  person.  In  his  description  of  it,  Micali 
says,  "  On  the  first  view  of  it  one  would  say  it  was 
a  sepulchral  monument  of  the  Middle  Ages,  so 
greatly  does  it  resemble  one."  Mrs.  Gray,  too 
(Tour  to  the  Sepulchres  of  Etruria,  p.  264.),  men- 
tions a  sepulchral  urn,  "  very  large,  with  a  woman 
robed,  and  with  a  dog  upon  it,  exactly  like  an 
English  monument  of  the  Middle  Ages."  If  it 
were  not  for  the  dog,  I  should  suppose  this  to  be 
the  one  given  by  Micali.  Though  it  may  be  too 
much  to  suppose  that  this  form  of  representation 
may  have  been  not  uncommon,  and  may  have 
passed  into  early  Christian  monuments,  the  in- 
stance in  Micali  at  least  shows  that  the  idea  of 
representing  a  dead  body  on  a  tomb  is  a  very 
ancient  one.  It  may  be  added,  perhaps,  that  it  is 
an  obvious  one. 

Though  the  reasons  for  thinking  that  the  ordi- 
nary mediaeval  figure  represents  death  may  not 
be  conclusive,  still  that  opinion  is,  I  think,  en- 
titled to  be  looked  upon  as  the  more  probable 
one,  until  some  satisfactory  reason  is  given  why  a 
living  person  should  be  represented  outstretched, 
and  lying  on  his  back  —  a  position,  as  it  seems  to 
me,  more  inconsistent  with  life  than  the  open  eyes 
and  hands  joined  in  prayer  are  with  death.  For 
too  much  weight  is  not  to  be  attached  to  slight 
inconsistencies.  These  would  probably  be  dis- 
regarded for  the  sake  of  expressing  some  favourite 
idea  or  sentiment.  Thus,  in  the  proposed  monu- 
ment of  Henry  VIIL,  though  the  king  and  queen 
are  directed  to  be  represented  as  living,  their 
souls  are  to  be  represented  in  the  hand  of  "  the 
Father." 

In  modern  tombs  the  medieval  idea  has  been 
entirely  departed  from,  and  the  recumbent  posi- 
tion sometimes  expresses  neither  death,  nor  even 
sleep,  but  simple  repose,  or  contemplation,  re- 
signation, hope,  &c.  If  it  is  proper  or  desirable 
to  express  these  or  other  sentiments  in  a  recum- 
bent figure,  it  seems  unreasonable  to  exclude 
them  for  the  sake  of  a  rigid  adherence  to  a  form, 
of  which  the  import  is  either  obscure,  or,  if  rightly 
conjectured,  has,  by  the  change  of  customs,  be- 
come idle  and  unmeaning.  F.  S.  B.  E. 


ROGER   ASCHAM    AND    HIS    LETTERS. 

To  the  epistles  of  Roger  Ascham,  given  in 
Elstob's  edition,  have  since  been  added  several  to 
Raven  and  others*,  two  to  Cecil f,  and  several  to 
Mrs.  Astley,  Bp.  Gardiner,  Sir  Thos.  Smith,  Mr. 
Callibut,  Sir  W.  Pawlett,  Queen  Elizabeth,  the. 
Earl  of  Leicester,  and  Mr. C.  H.  [owe].];  Some 
of  your  correspondents  will,  doubtless,  be  able 
farther  to  enlarge  this  list  of  printed  letters. 

In  a  MS.  volume,  once  belonging  to  Bp.  Moore, 
now  in  the  University  Library,  Cambridge,  is  a, 
volume  of  transcripts  §,  containing,  amongst  other 
documents,  letters  from  Ascham  to  Petre"||  and  to 
Cecil ;  one  (p.  44.)  "  written  by  R.  A.,  for  a  gent 
to  a  gentlewoman,  in  waie  of  marriage,"  and  one 
to  the  B.  of  W.[inchester],  which,  though  without 
a  signature,  is  certainly  Ascham's.  In  another 
MS.  volume,  in  the  same  collection  (Ee.  v.  23.), 
are  copies  of  Ascham's  letter  to  his  wife  on  the 
death  of  their  child  %  and  of  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Richard  Goodrich.  Lastly,  Ascham's  College 
(St.  John's)  possesses  his  original  letter  to  Car- 
dinal Pole,  written  on  the  fly-leaf  of  a  copy  of 
Osorius  De  nobilitate  civili**;  and  also  the  original 
MS.  of  the  translation  of  (Ecumenius,  accompanied 
by  a  Latin  letter  to  Seton.ff 

These  unpublished  letters  will  shortly  be  printed 
for  the  Cambridge  Antiquarian  Society.  Early 
information  respecting  any  other  MS.  works  of 
Ascham,  or  collations  of  his  published  letters  with 
the  originals,  will  be  thankfully  acknowledged. 

J.  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

P.  S. — I  may  add  that  we  have  at  St.  John's  a 


*  In  The  English  Works  of  Roger  Ascham,  London, 
1815,  8vo.  :  this  edition  is  reprinted  from  Bennet's, 
with  additions.  Bennet  took  these  letters  from  Baker's 
extracts  (in  his  MSS.  xiii.  275 — 295.,  now  in  the 
Harleian  Collection),  "  from  originals  in  Mr.  Strype's 
hands."  One  letter  is  more  fully  given  by  Mr.  Tytler, 
England  under  Edward  VI.  and  Mary,  vol.  ii.  p.  124. 

f  In  Sir  H.  Ellis's  Letters  of  Eminent  Literary  Men, 
Camden  Soc.  Nos.  4  and  5.  Correcter  copies  than 
had  before  appeared  from  the  Lansdowne  MSS. 

|  Most  incorrectly  printed  in  Whitaker's  History  of 
Richmondshire,  vol.  i.  p.  270.  seq.  The  letters  them- 
selves are  highly  important  and  curious. 

§  Dd.  ix.  14.  Some  of  the  letters  are  transcribed  by 
Baker,  MSS.  xxxii.  p.  520.  seq. 

||  This  letter  has  many  sentences  in  common  with 
that  to  Gardiner,  of  the  date  Jan.  18  [1554],  printed 
by  Whitaker  (p.  271.  seq.) 

^[  Whitaker,  who  prints  this  (p.  289.  seq.)  says  that  it 
had  been  printed  before.  Where  ? 

**  This,  I  believe,  unpublished  letter  is  referred  to 
by  Osorius,  in  a  letter  to  Ascham  (Aschami  Epistolcs, 
p.  397.:  Oxon.  1703). 

ff  Both  of  these  have  been  printed,  the  letter  in 
Aschami  Epistolce,  lib.  i.  ep.  4.  p.  68.  seq.  Compare 
on  the  commentary)  ibid.  pp.  70.  and  209. 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


589 


copy  of  Ascham's  Letters  (ed.  Elstob),  with  many 
dates  and  corrections  in  Baker's  hand.  There 
may  be  something  new  in  Kennett's  biographical 
notice  of  Ascham  (Lansdowne  MSS.  981.  art.  41.) 


Symbolism  in  Raphaels  Pictures. — In  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  pictures  of  "  The  Virgin  and 
Child"  of  Raphael,  and  other  old  masters,  our 
Lord  is  represented  with  His  right  foot  placed 
upon  the  right  foot  of  the  blessed  Virgin.  What 
is  the  symbolism  of  this  position  ?  In  the  Church 
of  Rome,  the  God-parent  at  Holy  Confirmation  is, 
if  I  remember  right,  directed  by  a  rubric  to  place 
his  or  her  right  foot  upon  the  right  foot  of  the 
person  confirmed.  Is  this  ceremony  at  all  con- 
nected with  the  symbolism  I  have  noticed  ? 

WM.  FRASEB,  B.C.L. 

"  Obtains"  —  Every  one  must  have  observed 
the  frequent  recurrence  of  this  word,  more  espe- 
cially those  whose  study  is  the  law  :  "  This  prac- 
tice on  that  principle  obtains"  How  did  the  word 
acquire  the  meaning  given  to  it  in  such  a  sentence  ? 

Y.  S.  M. 

Army  Lists  for  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  Cen- 
turies.— Where  are  they  to  be  found?  Not  at 
the  Horse  Gruards,  as  the  records  there  go  back 
only  to  1795.  I  want  particulars  of  many  officers 
in  both  centuries ;  some  of  them  who  came  to 
Ireland  temp.  Charles  I.,  and  during  Cromwell's 
Protectorate,  and  others  early  in  the  last  century. 

Y.  S.  M. 

Anonymous  Poet. — 

"  It  is  not  to  the  people  of  the  west  of  Scotland  that 
the  energetic  reproach  of  the  poet  can  apply.  I  allude 
to  the  passage  in  which  he  speaks  of  — 

*  All  Scotia's  weary  days  of  civil  strife— 
When  the  poor  Whig  was  lavish  of  his  life, 
And  bought,  stern  rushing  upon  Clavers'  spears, 
The  freedom  and  the  scorn  of  after  years.' " 
Peter's  Letters  to  his  Kinsfolk,  vol.  iii.  p.  263. 
Edin.  1819. 

Who  is  "  the  poet  ?  "  ANON. 

John  Sale. — Strype,  in  his  Life  of  Parher, 
book  iv.  sec.  3.  p.  539.  edit.  1711,  speaking  of 
Bale,  says  :  "  He  set  himself  to  search  many  libra- 
ries in  Oxford,  Cambridge,"  &c. 

Bale  himself,  in  the  list  of  his  own  writings, 
enumerates  "ex  diversis  bibliothecis." 

Did  this  piece  contain  any  account  of  his  re- 
searches in  libraries  alluded  to  ?  If  so,  has  it  ever 
been  published  ?  Tanner  makes  no  mention  of  it 
in  his  Bibliotheca  Britannico-Hibernica.  H.  F.  S. 

Cambridge. 


A  short  Sermon.  —  In  an  essay  on  Benevolence, 
by  the  Rev.  David  Simpson  of  Macclesfield,  it  is 
reported  of  Dean  Swift,  that  he  once  delivered  in 
his  trite  and  laconic  manner  the  following  short 
sermon,  in  advocating  the  cause  of  a  charitable 
institution,  the  text  and  discourse  containing 
thirty-four  words  only : 

"  He  that  hath  pity  upon  the  poor  lendeth  unto  the 
Lord,  and  that  which  he  hath  given  will  He  pay  him. 
again.  Now,  my  brethren,  if  you  like  the  security, 
down  with  your  money." 

When  and  where  did  this  occur,  and  what  was 
the  result  ?  HENRY  EDWARDS. 


ie£  imt!) 

Quakers'  Calendar.  —  What  month  would  the 
Quakers  mean  by  "  12th  month,"  a  century  and 
a  half  since  ?  D. 

[Before  the  statute  24  Geo.  II.,  for  altering  the 
Calendar  in  Great  Britain,  the  Quakers  began  their 
year  on  the  25th  of  March,  which  they  called  the  first 
month  ;  but  at  the  yearly  meeting  for  Sufferings  in 
London,  Oct.  1751,  a  Committee  was  appointed  to 
consider  what  advice  might  be  necessary  to  be  given 
to  the  Friends  in  relation  to  the  statute  in  question. 
The  opinion  of  the  Committee  was,  "  That  in  all  the 
records  and  writings  of  Friends  from  and  after  the  last 
day  of  the  month,  called  December,  next,  the  com- 
putation of  time  established  by  the  said  act  should  be 
observed ;  and  that,  accordingly,  the  first  day  of  the 
elerenth  month,  commonly  called  January,  next,  should 
be  reckoned  and  deemed  by  Friends  the  first  day  of 
the  first  month  of  the  year  1752."  Consequently  the 
twelfth  month,  a  century  and  a  half  since,  would  be 
February.  See  Nicolas's  Chronology,  p.  169.] 

"  Rodondo,  or  the  State  Jugglers" — Who  was 
the  author  of  this  political  squib,  three  cantos, 
1763-70;  reproduced  in  Ruddimarfs  Collection, 
Edinburgh,  1785  ?  In  my  copy  I  have  written 
Hugh  Dalrymple,  but  know  not  upon  what  au- 
thority. It  is  noticed  in  the  Scots  Mag.,  vol.  xxv., 
where  it  is  ascribed  to  "  a  Caledonian,  who  has 
laid  about  him  so  well  as  to  vindicate  his  country 
from  the  imputation  of  the  North  Briton,  that 
there  is  neither  wit  nor  humour  on  the  other  side 
the  Tweed."  J.  O. 

[A  copy  of  this  work  in  the  British  Museum  con- 
tains  the  following  MS.  entry  :  "  The  author  of  the 
three  Cantos  of  Rodondo  was  Hugh  Dalrymple,  Esq. 
He  also  wrote  Woodstock,  an  elegy  reprinted  in 
Pearch's  Collection  of  Poems.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  Attorney- General  for  the  Grenades,  where  he 
died,  March  9,  1774.  His  daughter  married  Dr., 
afterwards  Sir  John  Elliott,  from  whom  she  was  di- 
vorced, and  became  a  celebrated  courtezan."] 

Rathlin  Island. — Has  any  detailed  account  of 
this  island,  which  is  frequently  called  Rahery, 


590 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  243. 


and  is  a  few  miles  from  the  northern  coast  of  Ire- 
land, appeared  in  print?  The  locality  ^  is  most 
interesting  in  many  particulars,  historical  and 
geological,  and  might  therefore  be  made  the  sub- 
ject of  an  instructive  paper.  A  brief  account  was 
inserted,  I  think,  a  few  years  ago  in  an  'English 
periodical.  ABHBA. 

[An  interesting  and  detailed  account  of  this  island, 
which  he  calls  Raghery,  is  given  in  Hamilton's  Letters 
concerning  the  Northern  Coast  of  the  County  of  Antrim, 
1790,  Svo.,  pp.  13 — 33.  Consult  also  Lewis's  Topo- 
graphical History  of  Ireland,  vol.  ii.  p.  501.] 

Parochial  Registers.  —  When  and  where  were 
parochial  registers  first  established  ?  The  earliest 
extant  at  the  present  day  ?  ABHBA. 

[We  fear  our  correspondent  has  not  consulted  that 
useful  and  amusing  work,  Burn's  History  of  Parish 
Registers  in  England,  also  of  the  Registers  of  Scotland, 
Ireland,  the  East  and  West  Indies,  the  Fleet,  King's 
Bench,  Mint,  Chapel  Royal,  fyc.,  Svo.  1829,  which  con- 
tains a  curious  collection  of  miscellaneous  particulars 
concerning  them.] 

"  Trevelyan"  8fC. — Who  was  the  author  of  two 
novels,  published  about  twenty  years  ago,  called 
A  Marriage  in  High  Life  and  Trevelyan :  the 
latter  the  later  of  the  two  ?  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

[These  works  are  by  the  Hon.  Caroline  Lucy  Scott, 
at  present  residing  at  Petersham,  in  Surrey.] 

Grammar  School  of  St.  Mary  de  Crypt>  Glouces- 
ter. —  Can  you  give  me  the  name  of  the  master  of 
the  Grammar  School  of  St.  Mary  de  Crypt  in 
1728?  SIGMA  (1). 

[Daniel  Bond,  B.  A.,  was  elected  master  March  25, 
1724,  and  was  also  vicar  of  Leigh.  He  died  in  1750.] 


CBANMER'S  MARTYRDOM. 
(Vol.ix.,  pp.392.  547.) 

I  thank  G.  W.  R.  for  his  courteous  remarks  on 
my  note  on  Cranmer.  Perhaps  I  have  overstated 
the  effect  of  pain  on  the  nervous  system ;  certainly 
I  was  wrong  in  making  a  wider  assertion  than 
was  required  by  my  case,  which  is,  that  no  man 
could  hold  his  hand  over  unconfined  flame  till  it 
was  "entirely  consumed"  or  "burnt  to  a  coal." 
"Bruslee  a  feu  de  souphre"  does  not  go  so  far  as 
that,  nor  is  it  said  at  what  time  of  the  burning 
Ravaillac  raised  his  head  to  look  at  his  hand. 

J.  H.  has  mistaken  my  intention.  I  have  always 
carefully  avoided  everything  which  tended  to 
religious  or  moral  controversy  in  "N.  &  Q."  I 
treated  Cranmer's  case  on  physiological  grounds 
only.  I  did  not  look  for  "  cotemporaneous  evi- 


dence against  that  usually  received,"  any  more 
than  I  should  for  such  evidence  that  St.  Denis 
did  not  walk  from  Paris  to  Montmartre  with  his 
head  in  his  hand.  If  either  case  is  called  a  mira- 
cle, I  have  nothing  to  say  upon  it  here ;  and  for 
the  same  reason  that  I  avoid  such  discussion,  I 
add,  that  in  not  noticing  J.  H.'s  opinions  on 
Cranmer,  I  must  not  be  understood  as  assenting 
to  or  differing  from  them.  J.  H.  says  : 

"  It  would  surely  be  easy  to  produce  facts  of  almost 
every  week  from  the  evidence  given  in  coroners'  in- 
quests, in  which  persons  have  had  their  limbs  burnt 
off — to  say  nothing  of  farther  injury — without  the 
shock  producing  death." 

If  favoured  with  one  such  fact,  I  will  do  my  best 
to  inquire  into  it.  None  such  has  fallen  within 
my  observation  or  reading. 

The  heart  remaining  "  entire  and  unconsumed 
among  the  ashes,"  is  a  minor  point.  It  does  not 
seem  impossible  to  J.  H.,  "  in  its  plain  and  ob- 
vious meaning."  Do  the  words  admit  two  mean- 
ings ?  Burnet  says : 

"  But  it  was  no  small  matter  of  astonishment  to  find 
his  heart  entire,  and  not  consumed  among  the  ashes; 
which,  though  the  reformed  would  not  carry  so  far  as 
to  make  a  miracle  of  it,  and  a  clear  proof  that  his  heart 
had  continued  true,  though  his  hand  had  erred;  yet 
they  objected  jt  to  the  Papists,  that  it  was  certainly 
such  a  thing,  that  if  it  had  fallen  out  in  any  of  their 
church,  they  had  made  it  a  miracle." —  Vol.  ii.  p.  429. 

H.  B.  C. 

U.  U.  Club. 

Permit  me  to  offer  to  H.  B.  C.'s  consideration 
the  case  of  Mutius  Scaevola,  who,  failing  in  his 
attempt  to  kill  Porsenna  in  his  own  camp,  and 
being  taken  before  the  king,  thrust  his  right  hand 
into  the  fire,  and  held  it  there  until  burnt ;  at  the 
same  time  declaring  that  he  knew  three  hundred 
men  who  would  not  flinch  from  doing  the  same 
thing.  To  a  certain  extent,  I  am  inclined  to  think 
with  ALFRED  GATTY  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  246.),  "  that  an 
exalted  state  of  feeling  may  be  attained;"  which, 
though  it  will  not  render  the  religious  or  political 
martyr  insensible  to  pain,  it  will  yet  nerve  him  to 
go  through  his  martyrdom  without  demonstration 
of  extreme  suffering. 

This  ability  to  endure  pain  may  be  accounted 
for  in  either  of  the  following  ways  : 

1.  An  exalted  state  of  feeling;  instance  Joan  of 
Arc. 

2.  Fortitude ;  instance  Mutius  Scssvola. 

3.  Nervous    insensibility ;    which    carries    the 
vanquished  American  Indian  through   the  most 
exquisite  tortures,  and  enables  him  to  fall  asleep 
on  the  least  respite  of  his  agony. 

Should  these  three  be  united  in  one  individual, 
it  is  needless  to  say  that  he  could  undergo  any 
bodily  pain  without  a  murmur. 

JOHN  P.  STILWELL. 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


591 


COLERIDGE  S    UNPUBLISHED    MANUSCRIPTS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  pp.  496.  543.) 

Every  admirer  of  Coleridge's  writings  must  feel, 
as  I  do,  grateful  to  MK.  GREEN  for  the  detailed 
account  he  has  rendered  of  the  manuscripts  com- 
mitted to  his  care.  A  few  points,  however,  in  his 
reply  call  for  a  rejoinder  on  my  part.  I  will  be  as 
brief  as  possible. 

I  never  doubted  for  an  instant  that,  had  I 
"sought  a  private  explanation  of  the  matters" 
comprised  in  my  Note,  MR.  GREEN  would  have 
courteously  responded  to  the  application.  This 
is  just  what  I  did  not  want :  a  public  explanation 
was  what  I  desired.  "  N.  &  Q."  (Vol.  iv.,  p.  41 1 . ; 
Vol.  vi.,  p.  533. ;  Vol.  viii.,  p.  43.)  will  bear  wit- 
ness to  the  fact  that  the  public  required  to  know 
the  reason  why  works  of  Coleridge,  presumed  to 
exist  in  manuscript,  were  still  withheld  from  pub- 
lication :  and  I  utterly  deny  the  justice  of  MR. 
GREEN'S  allegation,  that  because  I  have  explicitly 
stated  the  charge  implied  by  Mr.  Alsop  (the  editor 
of  Letters,  Conversations,  and  Recollections  of  Cole- 
ridge) in  his  strictures,  I  have  made  an  incon- 
siderate, not  to  say  a  coarse,  attack  upon  him 
(MR.  GREEN).  When  a  long  series  of  appeals  to 
the  fortunate  possessor  of  the  Coleridge  manu- 
scripts (whoever  he  might  turn  out  to  be)  had 
been  met  with  silent  indifference,  I  felt  that  the 
time  was  come  to  address  an  appeal  personally 
to  MR.  GREEN  himself.  That  he  has  acted  with 
the  approbation  of  Coleridge's  family,  nobody  can 
doubt ;  for  the  public  (thanks  to  Mr.  Alsop)  know 
too  well  how  little  the  greatest  of  modern  philo- 
sophers was  indebted  to  that  family  in  his  lifetime, 
to  attach  much  importance  to  their  approbation  or 
disapprobation. 

No  believer  in  the  philosophy  of  Coleridge  can 
look  with  greater  anxiety  than  I  do  for  the  forth- 
coming work  of  MR.  GREEN.  That  the  pupil  of 
Coleridge,  and  the  author  of  Vital  Dynamics,  will 
worthily  acquit  himself  in  this  great  field,  who  can 
question  ?  But  I,  for  one,  must  enter  my  protest 
against  the  publication  of  MR.  GREEN'S  book  being 
made  the  pretext  of  depriving  the  public  of  their 
right  (may  I  say  ?)  to  the  perusal  of  such  works 
as  do  exist  in  manuscript,  finished  or  unfinished. 
Again  I  beg  most  respectfully  to  urge  on  MR. 
GREEN  the  expediency,  not  to  say  paramount 
duty,  of  his  giving  to  the  world  intact  the  Logic 
(consisting  of  the  Canon  and  other  parts),  the 
Cosmogony,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  the  History  of 
Philosophy.  If  his  plea,  that  these  works  are  not 
in  a  finished  state,  had  been  heretofore  held  good 
in  bar  of  publication,  we  should  probably  have 
lost  the  inestimable  privilege  of  reading  and  pos- 
sessing those  fragmentary  works  of  the  great  phi- 
losopher which  have  already  been  made  public. 

C.  MANSFIELD  INGLEBT. 

Birmingham. 


LIFE. 
(Vol.vii.,  pp.  429. 560.  608.;  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  43. 550.) 

Your  correspondent  H.  C.  K.  (Vol.  vii.,  p.  560.) 
quotes  a  passage  from  Sir  Thomas  Browne's  Reli- 
gio  Medici,  sect.  xlii.  The  following  passage  from 
the  same  writer's  Christian  Morals  is  much  more 
to  the  point : 

"  When  the  Stoic  said  (« Vitam  nemo  acciperet,  si  dare- 
tur  scientibus'—  Seneca)  that  life  would  not  be  accepted 
if  it  were  offered  unto  such  as  knew  it,  he  spoke  too 
meanly  of  that  state  of  *being  which  placeth  us  in  the 
form  of  men.  Jt  more  depreciates  the  value  of  this 
life,  that  men  would  not  live  it  over  again  ;  for  although 
they  would  still  live  on,  yet  few  or  none  can  endure  to 
think  of  being  twice  the  same  men  upon  earth,  and  some 
had  rather  never  have  lived  than  to  tread  over  their  days 
once  more.  Cicero,  in  a  prosperous  state,  had  not  the 
patience  to  think  of  beginning  in  a  cradle  again.  (<  Si 
quis  Deus  mihi  largiatur,  ut  repuerascam  et  in  cunis 
vagiam,  valde  recusem.' — De  Senectute.)  Job  would 
not  only  curse  the  day  of  his  nativity,  but  also  of  his 
renascency,  if  he  were  to  act  over  his  disasters  and  the 
miseries  of  the  dunghill.  But  the  greatest  under- 
weening  of  this  life  is  to  undervalue  that  unto  which 
this  is  but  exordial,  or  a  passage  leading  unto  it.  The 
great  advantage  of  this  mean  life  is  thereby  to  stand  in 
a  capacity  of  a  better  ;  for  the  colonies  of  heaven  must 
be  drawn  from  earth,  and  the  sons  of  the  first  Adam 
are  only  heirs  unto  the  second.  Thus  Adam  came  into 
this  world  with  the  power  also  of  another  ;  not  only  to 
replenish  the  earth,  but  the  everlasting  mansions  of 
heaven."  —  Part  in.  sect.  xxv. 

"  Looking  back  we  see  the  dreadful  train 
Of  woes  anew,  which,  were  we  to  sustain, 
We  should  refuse  to  tread  the  path  again." 

Prior's  Solomon,  b.  iii. 

The  crown  is  won  by  the  cross,  the  victor's 
wreath  in  the  battle  of  life  : 

"  This  is  the  condition  of  the  battle*  which  man  that 
is  born  upon  the  earth  shall  fight.  That  if  he  be  over- 
come he  shall  suffer  as  thou  hast  said,  but  if  he  get 
the  victory,  he  shall  receive  the  thing  that  I  say."— 
2  Esdr.  vii.  57. 

Our  grade  in  the  other  world  is  determined  by 
our  probation  here.  To  use  a  simile  of  Asgill's, 
this  life  of  time  is  a  university  in  which  we  take 
our  degree  for  eternity.  Heaven  is  a  pyramid,  or 
ever-ascending  scale ;  the  world  of  evil  is  an  in- 
verted pyramid,  or  ever- descending  scale.  Life  is 
motion.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  stagnation  : 
everything  is  either  advancing  or  retrograding. 
Corruption  itself  is  an  activity,  and  evil  is  ever 
growing.  According  to  the  habits  formed  within 
us,  we  are  ascending  or  descending;  we  cannot 
stand  still. 

A  man,  then,  in  whom  the  higher  life  predo- 
minates, were  he  to  live  life  over  again,  would 


*  "  A  field  of  battle  is  this  mortal  life  !" 

Young,  N.  viii. 


592 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  243. 


grow  from  grace  to  grace,  and  his  status  in  the 
spirit  world  would  be  higher  than  in  the  first  life, 
and  vice  versa ;  an  evil  man*  would  be  more  com- 
pletely evil,  and  would  rank  in  a  darker  and  more 
bestial  form.  They  who  hear  not  the  good  tidings 
will  not  be  persuaded  though  one  rose  from  the 
'dead;  and  those  with  whom  the  experience  of 
one  life  failed  would  not  repent  in  the  second. 

The  testimony  of  the  Shunamite's  son,  Lazarus, 
and  of  those  who  rose  from  the  dead  at  the  cruci- 
fixion, is  not  recorded ;  but  they  who  have  escaped 
from  the  jaws  of  death,  by  recovery  from  sickness 
•or  preservation  from  danger,  may  in  a  certain 
sense  be  said  to  live  life  over  again.  After  the 
fright  is  over  the  warning  in  most  cases  loses  its 
influence,  and  we  have  a  verification  of  the  two 
proverbs,  "  Out  of  sight  out  of  mind,"  and  — 
"  The  devil  was  sick,  the  devil  a  monk  would  be ; 
The  devil  was  well,  the  devil  a  monk  would  he." 

In  a  word,  this  experiment  of  a  second  life  would 
best  succeed  with  him  whose  habits  are  formed  for 
good,  and  whose  life  is  already  overshadowed  by 
the  divine  life.  Even  of  such  an  one  it  might  be 
said,  "  Man  is  frail,  the  battle  is  sore,  and  the  flesh 
is  weak  ;  even  a  good  man  may  fall  and  become  a 
castaway."  The  most  unceasing  circumspection  is 
ever  requisite.  The  most  polished  steel  rusts  in 
this  corrosive  atmosphere,  and  purest  metals  get 
discoloured. 

Finally,  it  is  very  probable  that  God  gives 
every  man  a  complete  probation ;  that  is  to  say, 
He  cuts  not  man's  thread  of  life  till  he  be  at  the 
same  side  of  the  line  he  should  be  were  he  to  live 
myriads  of  years.  Every  man  is  made  up  of  a 
mixture  of  good  and  evil :  these  two  principles 
never  become  soluble  together,  but  ever  tend 
each  to  eliminate  the  other.  They  hurry  on  in 
circles,  alternately  intersecting  and  gaining  the 
ascendancy,  till  one  is  at  last  precipitated  to  the 
bottom,  and  pure  good  or  evil  remains.  In  the 
nature  of  things  there  are  critical  moments  and 
tides  of  circumstances  which  become  t  turning- 
points  when  time  merges  into  eternity  and  muta- 
bility into  permanence :  and  such  a  crisis  may 
occur  in  the  course  of  a  short  life  as  well  as  in 
many  lives  lived  over  again.  EIRIONNACH> 

Life  and  Death  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  481.).— The  follow- 
ing is  on  a  monument  at  Lowestoft,  co.  Suffolk,  to 
the  memory  of  John,  son  of  John  and  Anne  Wilde, 
who  died  February  9,  1714,  aged  five  years  and 
six  months  : 

"  Quern  Dii  amant  moritur  Juvenis." 

SIGMA. 

The  following  may  be  added  to  the  parallel  pas- 
sages collected  by  EIRIONNACH.  Chateaubriand 

*  See  a  recent  novel  by  Frederick  Souillet,  entitled 
Si  Jeunesse  savait,  Si  Vieillesse  pouvait. 


says,  in  his  Memoirs,  that  the  greatest  misfortune 
which  can  happen  to  a  man  is  to  be  born,  and  the 
next  greatest  is  to  have  a  child.  As  Chateaubriand 
had  no  children,  the  most  natural  comment  on  the 
last  branch  of  his  remark  is  "  sour  grapes." 

UNEDA. 
Philadelphia. 


INSCRIPTIONS    ON    BELLS. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  109.) 

St.  Nicholas  Church,  Sidmouth.  —  Having,  on 
October  21,  1850,  taken  intaglios  in  pressing^wax 
of  the  inscription  forwarded  by  MR.  GORDON,  from 
which  plaster  casts  were  made,  the  writer  is  able 
to  speak  of  it  with  some  degree  of  confidence. 
The  inscription,  however,  is  not  peculiar  to  Sid- 
mouth  :  it  is  found  at  other  places  in  the  county 
of  Devon,  and  perhaps  elsewhere.  In  Harvey's 
Sidmouth  Directory  for  March,  1851,  there  is  an 
article  descriptive  of  all  the  six  bells  at  this  place, 
in  which  there  is  a  fac-simile,  engraved  on  wood,  of 
the  inscription  in  question.  The  words  run  all 
round  the  bell ;  and  each  word  is  placed  on  a  car- 
touche. The  Rev.  Dr.  Oliver  of  Exeter,  in  his 
communication  to  the  writer  on  this  subject,  calls 
the  bell  the  '/Jesus  Bell."  The  Directory  ob- 
serves : 

"  It  was  formerly  the  practice  to  christen  bells  with 
ceremonies  similar  to,  but  even  more  solemn  than, 
those  attending  the  naming  of  children  ;  and  they  were 
frequently  dedicated  to  Christ  (as  this  is),  to  the  Virgin, 
or  some  saint." 

Dr.  Oliver  to  the  writer  says : 

"  I  have  met  with  it  at  Whitstone,  near  this  city 
[Exeter],  at  East  Teignmouth,  &c. ;  michi  for  mihi ; 
tljtf  the  abbreviation  for  Jesus.  Very  often  the  word 
veneralum  occurs  instead  of  amatum,  and  illud  instead 
of  istud." 

The  fijc  stands  thus  :  ihc.    The  Directory,  on  this 
abbreviated  word,  remarks, — 

"  The  IHS,  as  an  abbreviation  for  Jesus,  is  a  blunder. 
Casley,  in  his  Catalogue  of  the  King's  MSS.,  observes, 
p.  23.,  that  « in  Latin  MSS.  the  Greek  letters  of  the 
word  Christus,  as  also  Jesus,  are  always  retained, 
except  that  the  terminations  are  changed  according  to 
the  Latin  language.  Jesus  is  written  IHS,  or  in  small 
characters  ihs,  which  is  the  Greek  m?  or  irfs,  an  abbre- 
viation for  i-rjcrovs.  However,  the  scribes  knew  nothing 
of  this  for  a  thousand  years  before  the  invention  of 
printing,  for  if  they  had  they  would  not  have  written 
ihs  for  trjaovs ;  but  they  ignorantly  copied  after  one 
another  such  letters  as  they  found  put  for  these  words. 
Nay,  at  length  they  pretended  to  find  Jesus  Hominwn 
Salvator  comprehended  in  the  word  ms,  which  is  an- 
other proof  that  they  took  the  middle  letter  for  h,  not 
77.  The  dash  also  over  the  word,  which  is  a  sign  of 
abbreviation,  some  have  changed  to  the  sign  of  the 
cross'  [Hone's  Mysteries,  p.  282.].  The  old  way  of 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


593 


spelling  Jhesus  with  an  h  may  perhaps  be  referred  to 
the  same  mistake.  The  inscription,  then,  runs  thus : 

<Q&t  mtfjt  oiHatum  Sterfurf  tetufc  namtn  anrntum, 

which  may  be  rendered,  Jesus,  that  beloved  name,  is 
given  to  me.  The  bell  bears  no  date,  but  is  of  course 
older  than  the  period  of  the  Reformation.  But  it  re- 
mains to  be  observed  that  the  last  letter  of  the  three  is 
not  an  s  but  a  c.  It  seems  that  in  the  old  Greek  in- 
scriptions the  substitution  of  the  c  for  the  s  was  com- 
mon. Several  examples  are  given  in  Home's  Intro- 
duction, vol.  ii.  pt.  i.  ch.  iii.  sect.  2.,  but  we  have  not 
room  to  quote  them.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  at  p.  100., 
in  speaking  of  the  MSS.  of  the  Codex  Vaticanus,  he 
says,  '  The  abbreviations  are  few,  being  confined  chiefly 
to  those  words  which  are  in  general  abbreviated,  such 
as  ec,  ice,  ic,  xc,  for  0eo?,  Kvpios,  lifj(Tovs,  Xpiffros,  God, 
Lord,  Jesus,  Christ.1  At  the  end  of  these  words,  in 
the  abbreviations,  the  c  is  used  for  the  s. — Peter." 

This  fourth  bell  is  the  oldest  in  the  tower.  The 
third,  dated  1667,  has  quite  a  modern  appearance 
as  compared  with  it.  The  second,  fifth,  and  sixth 
are  all  dated  1708,  and  the  first,  or  smallest,  was 
added  in  1824.  PETER  OBLANDO  HUTCHINSON. 

Sidmouth. 


An  appropriate  inscription  is  to  be  found  on  the 
bell  of  St.  John's  Cathedral  in  this  colony,  date 
London,  1845.  It  is  in  the  words  of  St.  Paul's 
mission,  Acts  xxii.  21.:  "I  will  send  thee  far 
hence  unto  the  Gentiles."  W.  T.  M. 

Hong  Kong. 

Here  is  a  modern  achievement  in  this  kind  of 
literature.  It  exists  on  one  of  the  eight  bells  be- 
longing to  the  church  tower  of  Pilton,  Devon  : 

"  Recast  by  John  Taylor  and  Son, 
Who  the  best  prize  for  church  bells  won 
At  the  Great  Ex-hi-bi-ti-on 
In  London,  1 —  8 —  5  and  1." 

R.  W.  C. 

I  continue  (from  Vol.  viii.,  p.  248.)  my  Notes 
of  inscriptions  on  bells. 

Mathon,  Worcestershire.     A  peal  of  six  bells : 

1.  "  Peace  and  good  neighbourhood." 

2.  "  Glory  to  God." 

3.  "  Fear  God  and  honour  the  King." 

4.  "  God  preserve  our  Church  and  State." 

5.  "  Prosperity  to  the  town." 

6.  "  The  living  to  the  church  I  call, 

And  to  the  grave  do  summon  all." 

Bromsgrove,  Worcestershire.     Ten  bells  ;   the 
inscriptions  on  two  are  as  follows,  the  rest  merely 
bearing  the  names  of  churchwardens,  &c. : 
5.  "  God  prosper  the  parish.     A.  R.     1701." 
10.  "  I  to  the  church  the  living  call, 

And  to  the  grave  do  summon  all.      1773." 

The  latter  seems  to  be  a  favourite  inscription. 
The  REV.  W.  S.  SIMPSON  mentions  it  (Vol.  viii., 


p.  448.)  on  a  bell  in  one  of  the  Oxfordshire 
churches. 

Fotheringay,  Northamptonshire.     Four  bells  : 

1.  "  Thomas  Norris  made  me.     1634." 

2.  "Domini  laudem,  1614,  non  verbo  sed  voce  reso- 

nabo." 

The  two  others  respectively  bear  the  dates  1609, 
1595,  with  the  initials  of  the  rector  and  church- 
warden, and  (on  the  fourth  bell)  the  words 
"  Praise  God."  On  a  recent  visit  to  this  church 
I  copied  the  following  inscription  from  a  bell, 
which,  being  cracked,  is  no  longer  used,  and  is 
now  placed  within  the  nave  of  the  church.  This 
bell  is  not  mentioned  by  Archdeacon  Bonney  in 
his  Historic  Notices  of  Fotheringay,  though  he 
gives  the  inscriptions  on  the  four  others. 

"  Non  clamor  sed  amor  cantat  in  aure  Dei.     A.  M.  R. 
R.W.W.  I.  L.     1602." 

The  inscription  is  in  Lombardic  characters.  MB. 
SIMPSON  notes  the  same  at  Girton,  Cambridge- 
shire (Vol.  viii.,  p.  108.). 

Godmanchester,  Hunts.    Eight  bells  : 

1.  "  Thomas  Osborn,  Downham,  fecit,  1794. 
Intactum  sillo.     Percute  dulce  cano." 

fOur  voices  shall  with  joy-"] 

4.  «T.  Osborn  J      ful  sound  1 1*0.1* 

fecit.       1  Make  hills  and  valleys  echo  [  L 
L     round.  J 

8.  "  Rev.  Castel  Sherard,  rector  ;  Jno.  Martin,  Robert 
Waller,  bailiffs;  John  Scott,  Richard  Mills, 
churchwardens  ;  T.  Osborn  fecit.  1794." 

Morborne,  Hunts.    Two  bells : 

1.  "  Cum  voco  ad  ecclesiam,  venite." 

2.  "Henry  Pennfusore.     1712." 

Stilton,  Hunts.    Two  bells  : 

1.  "Thomas  Norris  made  me.     1639." 

CUTHBERT  BEDE,  B.A. 

At  Bedale,  in  Yorkshire,  is  a  bell  weighing  by 
estimation  twenty-six  hundredweight,  which  is 
probably  of  the  same  date,  or  nearly  so,  as  the 
Dyrham  bell.  It  measures  four  feet  two  inches 
and  a  half  across  the  lip,  and  has  the  following 
inscription  round  the  crown : 

"  %    ion  :  EGO  :  CUM  :  FIAM  :  CRUCE  :  CUSTOS  :  LAUDO  : 

MARIAM  :  DIGNA  :  DEI  :  LAUDE  :  MATER  :  DIGNIS- 
SIMA  :  GAUDE  ;  " 

the  commencement  of  which  I  do  not  understand. 
There  are  five  smaller  bells  belonging  to  the  peal 
at  Bedale,  and  a  prayer  bell.     They  bear  inscrip- 
tions in  the  following  order : 
The  prayer  bell : 

"  Voco  .  Veni .  Precare  .  1713." 


594 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  243. 


The  first,  or  lightest  of  the  peal : 

"  Gloria  in  excelsis  Deo.    1755.     Edwd  Place,  rector; 

E. 

Seller, 

Ebor. 

Jn°  Pullein,  churchwarden." 

The  second : 

«  lesus  be  ovr  speed.     P.  S.,  T.  W.,  H.  S.,  I.W., M.W. 

1664." 

The  third : 

"  Deo  Gloria  pxa  Hominibus.     1627." 
The  fourth : 

"  Jesus  be  our  speed.     1 625." 
The  fifth : 

«  Soli  Deo  Gloria  Pax  Hominibus.     1631." 

The  letters  P.  S.,  on  the  second  bell,  are  the 
initials  of  Dr.  Peter  Samwaies,  who  died  April  5, 
1693,  having  been  thirty-one  years  rector  of  Be- 
dale. 

On  the  fly-leaf  of  one  of  the  later  registers  at 
Hornby,  near  Bedale,  is  written  the  following 
memorandum : 

"  Inscription  on  the  third  bell  at  Hornby  : 

'  When  I  do  ring, 
God's  praises  sing ; 
When  I  do  toll, 
Pray  heart  and  soul.' 

This  bell  was  given  to  the  parish  church  of  Hornby  by 
the  Lord  Conyers  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  but, 
being  broken,  was  recast  by  William  Lord  D'Arcy  and 
Conyers,  the  second  of  the  name,  1656." 

PATONCE. 

Charwelton  Church,  Northants : 

1.  Broken  to  pieces :  some  fragments  in  the  vestry. 
On  one  piece,  "  Ave  Maria." 

2.  "  Jesus  Nazarenus  rex  Judeorum  fili  Dei  miserere 

mei.     1630." 

3.  appears  a  collection  of  Saxon  letters  put  to- 

gether without  connexion. 

4.   "  Nunquam  ad  preces  cupies  ire, 

Cum  sono  si  non  vis  venire.     1630." 

Heyford  Church,  Northants : 

1.  «  God  saue  the  King.     1638." 

2.  "  Cum  cum  Praie.     1601." 

3.  "  Henry  Penn  made  me.     1704. 

John   Paine,   Thmoas   [sic]   Middleton,   church- 
wardens." 

4.  "  Thomas  Morgan,  Esquier,  gave  me 

To  the  Church  of  Heford,  frank  and  free.     1601." 

With  coat  of  arms  of  the  Morgans  on  the  side. 
Floore  Church,  Northants  : 

1.  «  Russell  of  Wooton,  near  Bedford,  made  me.  1743. 
James  Phillips,  Thomas  Clark,  churchwardens." 


2.  "  Cantate  Domino  cantum  novum.     1679." 

3.  "  Henry  Bagley  made  mee.     1 679." 

4.  "  Matthew  Bagley  made  mee.     1679." 

5.  "John  Phillips  and  Robert  Bullocke,  churchwar- 

dens.    1679." 

6.  "  To  the  church  the  living  call, 

And  to  the  grave  do  summonds  [sz'c]  all. 

Russell  of  Wooton  made  me, 

In  seventeen  hundred  and  forty-three." 

Three  coins  inserted  round  the  top. 

Slapton  Church,  Northants : 

1.  [The    Sancte    bell]    "  Richard    de    Wambis    me 

fesit"  [sic]. 

2.  "  Xpe  audi  nos." 

3.  "  Ultima  sum  trina  campana  vocor  Kaierina." 
All  in  Saxon  letters.    No  dates. 

Inscription  cut  on  the  frame  of  Slapton  bells  : 

"  BE  .   IT  .  KKO  [ 
WEN  .  UN 
TO  .  ALL  .  TH 
AT  .  SEE  .  TH 
IS  .  SAME  .  TK 
AT  .  THOMAS 
^COWPER  .  OP 
WOODEND  . 

MADE  .  THIS  .  FRAME. 
1634." 

Hellidon  Church,  Northants : 

1.  "  God  save  the  King.     1635." 

2.  "Ins  Nazarenus  rex  Judaeorum  fili  Dei  miserere 

mei.     1635." 

3.  "  Celorum  Christe  platiat  [sic]  tibi  rex  sonus  iste. 

1615." 

4.  Same  as  2. 

Bedford  Church,  Northants : 

1.  "Matthew  Bagley  made  me.     1679." 

2.  "  Campana  gravida  peperit  filias.     1674." 

3.  "  IHS  Nazarenus  [&c.,  as  before].     1632." 

4.  "Ex  Dono  Johannis  Wyrley  Armiger.   1614." 
And  five  coins  round  the  lip. 

5.  Inscription  same  as  3.    Date  1626. 

6.  Ditto        ditto  Date  1624. 

Wappenham  Church,  Northants  : 

1.  "Henry  Bagley  made  me,     1664." 

2.  «R.  T.     1518.   *" 

3.  "  Praise  the  LORD.     1599." 

4.  "  GOD  SAVE  KING  JAMES.       R.  A.      1610." 

Three  coins  on  lip  and  bell-founder's  arms. 

The  Sancte  bell  was  recast  in  1842,  and  hangs 
now  in  the  north  window  of  belfry. 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


595 


Brackley,  St.  Peter's  Church,  Northants : 

1.  "Jesus  Nazarenus  [&c.,  as  before].     1628." 

2.  "  God  save  the  King.     1628." 

3.  Same  as  1. 

4.  "  Celorum  Christe  platiat  [sic]  tibi  rex  sonus  iste. 

1628." 

5.  "  Cum  sono  si  non  vis  venire,       ~\ 

Nunquam  ad  preces  cupies  ire  J 

Dunton  Church,  Leicestershire  : 

3.   "  IHS  Nazarenus  [&c.,  as  before].     1619." 

2.  "  Be  it  knone  to  all  that  doth  me  see, 

That  Clay  of  Leicester  made  me. 

Nick.  Harald  and  John  More,  churchwardens.    1711." 

3.  Same  as  1.     Date  1621. 
Leire  Church,  Leicestershire : 

1.  "  Jesus  be  oure  good  speed.     1654." 

2.  "Henricus  Bagley  fecit.    1675." 

8.  "  Recast  A.D.  1755,  John  Sleath,  C.W.; 
Thog  Eyre  de  Kettering  fecit." 

Frolesworth  Church,  Leicestershire : 

3.  "Jesus  Nazarenus  [&c.,  as  before].     1635.* 

2.  In  Old  English  characters  (no  date)  : 

"  Dum  Rosa  precata  mundi  Maria  vocata." 

3.  Same  as  1. 

J.  R.  M.,  M.A. 

The  legend  noted  from  a  bell  at  Sidmouth 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  109.),  namely, — 

"  Est  michi  collatum 
Ihc  istud  nomen  amatum," 

is  not  an  unusual  inscription  on  mediaeval  black- 
letter  bells,  if  I  may  use  the  expression.  The 
characters  are  small.  It  is  on  two  bells  at  Teign- 
mouth,  and  is  on  one  of  the  bells  in  this  tower : 

1.  "  >5<  Voce  mea  vira  depello  cuncta  nociva." 

2.  "  >•&  Est  michi  collatum  Ihc  istud  nomen  amatum." 

3.  "  Embrace  trew  museck." 

A  correspondent,  MR.  W.  S.  SIMPSON  (Vol.viii., 
p.  448.),  asks  the  date  of  the  earliest  known  ex- 
amples of  bells. 

Dates  on  mediae val  bells  are,  I  believe,  very 
rare  in  England.  I  have  but  few  notes  of  any. 
My  impression  is  that  such  bells  are  as  old  as  the 
towers  which  contain  them,  judging  from  the  cha- 
racter of  the  letter,  the  wear  and  tear  of  the  iron 
work,  aye,  of  the  bell  itself.  Many  old  bells  have 
been  recast,  and  on  such  there  is  often  a  record  of 
the  date  of  its  prototype.  For  instance,  at  St. 
Peter's,  Exeter : 

"  Ex  dono  Petri  Courtenay,"  &c.,  "  1484;"  "renovat," 
&c.,  "1676." 


At  Chester-le- Street  : 

Thomas  Langley  dedit,"  &c.,  "  1409  ; 
&c.,  "1665." 


refounded," 


I  will  add  two  or  three  with  dates. 
Bruton,  Somerset : 

"  Est  Stephanus  primus  lapidatus  gracia  plenus.  1528." 
At  St.  Alkmond's,  Derby  : 

"  Ut  tuba  sic  resono,  ad  templa  venite  pii.     1586." 
At  Lympey  Stoke,  Somerset : 

"W.  P.,  I.  A.  R     1596." 
Hexham.     Old  bells  taken  down  1742  : 

1.  "  Ad  primos  cantus  pulsat  nos  Rex  gloriosus." 

2.  "  Et  cantare  ....  faciet  nos  vox  Nicholai." 

3.  "  Est  nobis  digna  Katerine  vox  benigna." 

4.  "  Omnibus  in  Annis  est  vox  Deo  grata  Johannis. 

A.D.  MCCCCIIII." 

5.  "  Andrea  mi  care  Johanne  consociare. 

A.D.  MCCCCIIII." 

6.  "  Est  mea  vox  orata  dum  sim  Maria  vocata. 

A.D.  MCCCCIIII." 

Any  earlier  dates  would  be  acceptable. 

On  the  Continent  bells  are  usually  dated.  I 
will  extract,  from  Roccha  De  Campanis^  those  at 
St.  Peter's  at  Rome. 

The  great  bell : 

"  In  nomine  Domini,  Matris,  Petriq.,  Pauliq. 

Accipe  devotum,  parvum  licet,  accipe  munus, 

Quod  tibi  Christe  datii  Petri,  Pauliq.  triuphum, 

Explicat,  et  nostram  petit,  populiq.  salutem 

Ipsorum  pietate  dari,  meritisq.  refundi 

Et  verbum  caro  factum  est. 

Anno  milleno  trecento  cum  quinquageno 

Additis  et  tribus  Septembris  mense  colatur ; 

Ponderat  et  millia  decies  septiesq.  librarum." 

2.   "  In  nomine  Patris,  et  Filii,  et  Spiritus  Sancti.  Ame. 
Ad  honorem  Dei,  et  Beatae  Mariae  Virginis, 
Et  Beatorum  Apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli, 

Verbum  Caro  factum  est, 

Solve  jubente  Deo  terraru  Petre  cathenas,  qui  facis, 
Ut  pateant  ccelestia  Regna  beatis, 

it 
Hasc  campana  cum  alia  majore  ponderante  XVI. 

Post  consumptionem  ignito  fulgure,  anno  precedente 

imminente,  fusa  est,  anno  Domini  Mccctm. 

Mense  Junii,  et  ponderat  hasc  MX  et  centena  librarum. 

Amen." 

3.    "  Nomine  Dominico  Patris,  prolisq.  spirati 
Ordine  tertiam  Petri  primae  succedere  noscant. 

Per  dies  paucos  quotquot  sub  nomine  dicto 
Sanctam  Ecclesiam  colunt  in  agmine  trino.     Amen." 

4.  "  Anno  Domini  MCCLXXXVIIII.  ad  honorem  Dei,  et 
Beatae  Mariae  Virginis,  et  Sancti  Thomas  Apostoli 
Tempore  Fratris  Joannis  de  Leodio  Mirtistri,  fac- 
tum fuit  hoc  opus  de  legato  quondam  Domini  Ri- 


596 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  243. 


kardi  Domini  Papae  Notarii.     Guidottus  Pisanus 
me  fecit." 

On  a  small  bell : 
"  Mentem  Sanctam  Spontaneam,  honorem  Deo, 

Et  Patris  liberationem. 
Ave  Maria  gratia  plena  Dominus  tecum ; 

Benedicta  tu  in  mulieribus 
Et  benedictus  fructus  ventris  tui." 

In  the  Church  of  St.  John  Lateran  was  a  bell 
with  a  mutilated  inscription ;  but  the  date  is  plain, 
1389.  The  name  of  Boniface  IX.  is  on  it,  who 
was  Sum.  Pont,  in  that  year. 

In  the  Church  of  St.  Marias  Majoris  were  two 
bells  dated  anno  Dom.  1285  ;  and  another  1291. 

In  the  Church  of  the  Jesuits  was  a  bell  with 
this  inscription,  brought  from  England  : 

"  Facta  fuit  A.  Dom.  1400,  Die  vi  Mesis  Septebris. 
Sancta  Barbara,  ora  pro  nobis." 

Roccha,  who  published  his  Commentary  1612, 

says: 

"  In  multis  Campanis  jfa  mentio  de  Anno,  in  quo  facia 
est  Campana,  necnon  de  ipsius  Ecclesiae  Rectore,  vel 
optime  merito,  et  Campanae  artifice,  ut  ego  ipse  vidi 
Romce,  ubi  praacipuarum  Ecclesiarum,  et  Basilicarum 
inscriptiones  Campanis  incisas  perlegi."  —  P.  55. 

So  that  it  would  appear  that  the  practice  of  in- 
scribing dates  on  bells  was  usual  on  the  Continent, 
though  for  some  reason  or  other  it  did  not  gene- 
rally obtain  in  England  till  after  the  Reformation. 
I  have  a  Note  of  another  foreign  bell  or  two  with 
an  early  date. 

At  Strasburg : 

"  pfc  O  Rex  gloria?  Christe,  veni  cum  pace  !  MCCCLXXV. 
tertio  Nonas  Augusti." 

On  another : 

"  Vox  ego  sum  vita?,  voco  vos,  orate,  venite.   1461." 
On  a  bell  called  St.  D'Esprit : 

"  Anno  Dom.  MCCCCXXVII  mense  Julio  fusa  sum,  per 

Magistrum  Joannem  Gremp  de  Argentina. 
Nuncio  festa,  metum,  nova  quaedam  flebile  lethum." 

A  bell  called  the  Magistrates  : 

"  Als  man  zahlt  1475  Jahr 
I  War  Kaiser  Friedrick  hier  offenbar  : 
Da  hat  mich  Meister  Thomas  Jost  gegossen 
Dem  Rath  zu  laiiten  ohnverdrossen." 

On  another : 

"  Nomen  Domini  sit  benedictum.     1806." 

I  would  beg  to  add  a  Note  of  one  more  early 
and  interesting  bell  which  was  at  Upsala  : 

"  *  Anno  .  Domini  .  MDXIIII  .  fusa  .  est .  ista  .  Cam- 
pana .  in  .  honorem  .  Sancti  .  Erici  .  Regis  .  et  . 
Martiris  .  Rex  .  erat .  Ericus  .  humilis .  devotus  . 
honestus  .  prudens  .  V." 

What  V.  means  is  rather  a  puzzle. 


I  fear  I  have  already  extended  this  reply  to  a 
length  beyond  all  fair  limit.  I  may  at  some  future 
time  (if  desirable)  send  you  a  long  roll  of  legends 
on  mediaeval  bells  without  dates,  and  others  of  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  some  of  a 
devotional  character,  and  others  of  the  style  of 
unseemly  and  godless  epitaphs.  But  it  is  to  be 
hoped)  that  in  these,  as  in  other  like  matters,  a 
better  taste  is  beginning  to  predominate ;  and  it 
must  be  a  subject  of  congratulation  that 

"Jam  nova  progenies  ccelo  demittitur  alto," 

H.  T.  ELLACOMBE. 

Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George. 

In  the  steeple  of  Foulden  Church,  South  Green- 
hoe  Hd.,  Norfolk,  are  six  bells  with  inscriptions 
as  under : 

1.  "Thos.  Osborn  fecit.     1802. 

Peace  and  good  neighbourhood." 

2.  "  The  laws  to  praise,  my  voice  I  raise." 

3.  «  Thos.  Osborn  fecit,  Downham,  Norfolk." 

4.  "  Our  voices  shall  with  joyful  sound 

Make  hill  and  valley  echo  round." 

5.  "  I  to  the  church  the  living  call, 

And  to  the  grave  I  summon  all." 

6.  "  Long  liye  King  George  the  Third. 

Thomas  Osborn  fecit,  1802." 

GODDAHD  JOHNSON. 


DE   BEAUVOIR   PEDIGREE. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  349.) 

Your  correspondent  MR.  THOMAS  RUSSELL 
POTTER  inquires  whether  any  descendants  of  the 
De  Beauvoirs  of  Guernsey  are  still  existing.  The 
family  was,  at  one  time,  so  numerous  in  that 
island  that  there  are  few  of  the  gentry  who  cannot 
claim  a  De  Beauvoir  among  their  ancestors  ;  but 
the  name  itself  became  extinct  there  by  the  death 
of  Osmond  de  Beauvoir,  Esq.,  in  1810.  Some 
few  years  later,  the  last  of  a  branch  of  the  family 
settled  in  England  died,  leaving  a  very  large 
property,  which  was  inherited  by  a  Mr.  Benyon, 
who  assumed  the  name  of  De  Beauvoir. 

The  name  is  also  to  be  found  in  the  Irish  baro- 
netcy ;  a  baronet  of  the  name  of  Brown  having 
married  the  daughter  and  heiress  of  the  Rev. 
Peter  de  Beauvoir,  the  widow  I  believe  of  an 
Admiral  M'Dougal,  and  thereupon  taking  up  his 
wife's  maiden  name. 

With  respect  to  the  pedigree  which  MR.  POTTER 
quotes,  and  of  which  many  copies  exist  in  this 
island,  it  is  without  doubt  one  of  the  most  impu- 
dent forgeries  in  that  way  ever  perpetrated.  From 
internal  evidence,  it  was  drawn  up  at  the  latter 
end  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  or  at  the  beginning 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


597 


of  the  reign  of  James  I.,  as  the  compiler  speaks  of 
Roger,  Earl  of  Rutland,  as  being  living.  This 
nobleman  succeeded  to  the  title  in  1588,  and  died 
in  1612.  The  pedigree  ends  in  the  Guernsey  line 
with  Henry  de  Beauvoir ;  whom  we  may  there- 
fore presume  to  have  been  still  alive,  or  but  re- 
cently deceased;  and  whose  great-grandfather, 
according  to  the  pedigree,  was  the  first  of  the 
name  in  the  island.  Allowing  three  generations 
to  a  century,  this  would  throw  back  the  arrival  of 
the  first  of  the  De  Beauvoirs  to  some  part  of  the 
sixteenth  century ;  but  we  have  proof  that  they 
were  settled  here  long  before  that  time.  In  an 
authentic  document,  preserved  among  the  records 
of  the  island,  the  extent  of  the  crown  revenues 
drawn  up  by  order  of  Edward  III.  in  1331,  the 
names  of  Pierre  and  Guillaume  de  Beauvoir  are 
found.  Another  Pierre  de  Beauvoir,  apparently 
the  great-grandson  of  the  above-mentioned  Pierre, 
was  Bailiff  of  Guernsey  from  1470  to  1480.  As 
for  the  family  of  Harryes,  no  such  I  believe  ever 
existed  in  Guernsey ;  but  a  gentleman  of  the 
name  of  Peter  Henry,  belonging  to  a  family  of 
very  ancient  standing  in  the  island,  bought  pro- 
perty in  Salisbury  in  the  year  1551,  where  the 
name  seems  to  have  been  Anglicised  to  Harrys  or 
Harris  ;  as  the  name  of  his  son  Andrew,  who  was 
a  jurat  of  the  Royal  Court  of  Guernsey,  appears 
as  often  on  the  records  of  the  island  in  the  one 
form  as  in  the  other.  One  of  Peter  Henry's  or 
Harris's  daughters  was  married  at  Salisbury  to  a 
Henry  de  Beauvoir ;  and  I  have  no  doubt  this  is 
the  marriage  with  which  the  pedigree  ends.  If  I 
am  right,  the  Harryes'  pedigree  has  no  more  claim 
to  authenticity  than  the  De  Beauvoir.  If  MR. 
POTTER  wishes  for  farther  information,  and  will 
communicate  with  me,  I  shall  be  happy  to  answer 
his  inquiries  as  far  as  I  am  able. 

The  pedigree  itself,  however,  suggests  two  or 
three  Queries  which  I  should  like  to  see  an- 
swered. 

The  heading  is  signed  Hamlet  Sankye  or 
Saukye.  Is  anything  known  of  such  a  person  ? 

The  pedigree  speaks  of  Sir  Robert  de  Beauveir 
of  Tarwell,  Knt,  now  living.  Was  there  ever  a 
family  of  the  name  of  De  Beauveir,  De  Beauvoir, 
or  Beaver,  of  Tarwell,  in  Nottinghamshire  ?  And 
if  there  was,  what  arms  did  they  bear  ? 

If  there  was  such  a  family,  was  it  in  any  way 
connected  with  any  of  the  early  proprietors  of 
Belvoir  Castle  ? 

Is  anything  known  of  a  family  of  the  name  of 
Harryes  or  Harris  of  Orton,  and  what  were  their 
arms  ?  EDGAR  MACCULLOCH. 

Guernsey. 


EIGHT    OP   REFUGE    IN    THE    CHURCH   PORCH. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  325.) 

The  following  entrv  appears  in  a  Corporation 
Book  of  this  city,  under  the  year  1662  : 

"  Thomas  Corbold,  who  hath  a  loathesome  disease, 
have,  with  his  wife  and  two  children,  layne  in  the  Porch 
of  St.  Peters  per  Mountegate  above  one  year  ;  it  is  now 
ordered  by  the  Court  that  he  be  put  into  some  place  in 
the  Pest-houses  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Court,  untill 
the  Lazar-houses  be  repaired." 

How  they  were  supported  during  the  year  does 
not  appear,  or  if  he  belonged  to  the  parish;  nor  is 
it  said  that  it  was  considered  he  gained  settlement 
on  the  parish  by  continuing  in  the  porch  one  year. 

I  have  heard  of  similar  instances  under  an  idea 
that  any  person  may  lodge  in  a  church  porch,  and 
are  not  removable ;  but  I  believe  it  is  an  erroneous 
idea.  GODDARD  JOHNSON. 

In  proof  of  the  idea  being  current  among  the 
lower  orders,  that  the  church  porch  is  a  place  of 
refuge  for  any  houseless  parishioners,  I  beg  to 
state  that  a  poor  woman  of  the  adjoining  parish  of 
Langford,  came  the  other  day  to  ask  whether  I,  as 
a  magistrate,  could  render  her  any  assistance,  as, 
in  consequence  of  her  husband's  father  and  mother 
having  gone  to  America,  she  and  her  family  had 
become  houseless,  and  were  obliged  to  take  up  their 
abode  in  the  church  porch.  A.  S. 

West  Tofts  Rectory,  Brandon,  Norfolk. 

I  know  an  instance  where  a  person  found  a  tem- 
porary, but  at  the  same  time  an  involuntary,  home 
m  a  church  porch.  There  was  a  dispute  between 
the  parishes  of  Frodingham  and  Broughton,  co. 
Lincoln,  some  twelve  months  ago,  as  to  the  settle- 
ment of  an  old  woman.  She  had  been  living  for 
some  time  in,  and  had  become  chargeable  to  the 
latter  parish,  but  was  said  to  belong  to  the  former. 
By  some  means  or  other  the  woman's  son  was  in- 
duced to  convey  his  mother  to  the  parish  of  Froding- 
ham, which  he  did ;  and  as  he  knew  quite  well  that 
the  overseer  of  the  parish  would  not  receive  her  at 
his  hands,  he  adopted  the  somewhat  strange  course 
of  leaving  her  in  the  church  porch,  where  she  re- 
mained until  evening,  when  the  overseer  of  Fro- 
dingham took  her  away,  fearing  that  her  life  might 
be  in  danger  from  exposure  to  the  cold,  she  being 
far  advanced  in  years.  Until  I  saw  CHEVERELLS* 
Query,  I  thought  the  depository  of  the  old  woman 
in  the  church  porch  was,  so  far  as  the  place  of  de- 
posit was  concerned,  more  accidental  than  designed; 
but  after  all  it  may  be  the  remnant  of  some  such 
custom  as  that  of  which  he  speaks,  and  I,  for  one, 
should  be  glad  to  see  farther  inquiry  made  into  it. 
To  which  of  J.  H.  Parker's  Parochial  Tales  does 
CHEVERELLS  allude  ?  W.  E.  HOWLETT. 

Kirton-in-Lindsey. 


598 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[No.  243. 


FERDINAND    CHARLES   III.,    DUKE    OF   PARMA. 

(Vol.  ix.,  p.  417.) 

The  late  Duke  of  Parma  was  not  the  first  lineal 
representative  of  the  Stuarts,  as  stated  by  E.  S.  S.  W. 
Victor  Eraanuel,  King  of  Sardinia,  who  succeeded 
in  1802,  left  by  his  wife  Maria  Theresa  of  Austria 
four  daughters.  The  eldest  of  these  four,  Beatrix, 
born  in  1792,  married,  in  1812,  Francis  IV.,  Duke 
of  Modena,  and  by  him  (who  died  on  the  21st  of 
January,  1846)  had  issue  two  sons  and  two 
daughters.  The  eldest  of  these  sons,  Francis  V., 
the  present  reigning  Duke  of  Modena,  is  there- 
fore the  person  who  would  be  now  sitting  on  the 
English  throne  had  the  Stuarts  kept  the  succes- 
sion. He  has  no  children,  I  believe,  by  his  wife 
Adelgonda  of  Bavaria ;  and  the  next  person  in  suc- 
cession would  therefore  be  Dorothea,  the  infant 
daughter  of  his  deceased  brother  Victor. 

Victor  Emanuel's  second  daughter  was  Maria 
Theresa,  who  married  Charles  Duke  of  Parma,  as 
stated  by  E.  S.  S.  W. 

The  present  Countess  of  Chambord  is  Maria 
Theresa  Beatrice-Gaetana,  the  eldest  of  the  two 
sisters  of  Francis  V.,  Duke  of  Modena.  She  is 
therefore  wife  of  the  representative  of  the  House 
of  Bourbon,  and  sister  to  the  representative  of  the 
House  of  Stuart.  S.  L.  P. 

Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club. 

Allow  me  to  correct  the  statement  made  by  your 
correspondent,  that  the  Duke  of  Parma  represented 
the  Royal  House  of  Stuart.  The  mother  of  the 
late  Duke  of  Parma  had  an  elder  sister,  Maria 
Beatrice,  who  married  Francis  IV.,  late  Duke  of 
Modena,  and  upon  her  death,  in  1840,  the  repre- 
sentation devolved  upon  her  son,  Francis  V.,  the 
present  Duke  of  Modena,  who  was  born  in  1819. 

P.  V. 

Allow  me  to  remark  on  the  article  of  E.  S.  S.  W. 
(Vol.  ix.,  p.  417.)  respecting  the  House  of  Stuart, 
that  he  is  in  error  in  assigning  that  honour  to  the 
late  Duke  of  Parma,  and,  as  a  consequence,  to  his  in- 
fant son  and  successor,  Robert,  now  Duke  of  Parma. 
The  late  Duke  was  undoubtedly  a  descendant  of 
Charles  I.  through  his  mother;  but  his  mother 
had  an  elder  sister,  Beatrice,  late  Duchess  of  Mo-,, 
dena,  whose  son,  Francis  V.,  now  Duke  of  Modena, 
born  1st  June,  1819,  is  the  unquestionable  heir  to 
the  House  of  Stuart,  and,  as  a  Jacobite  would  say, 
if  any  such  curiosity  there  be  in  existence,  legiti- 
mate King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

J.  REYNELL  WREFORD. 

Bristol. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Mr.  TownsencTs  Wax-paper  Process. —  At  the  last 
meeting  of  the  Photographic  Society  a  paper  was  read 
by  Mr.  Townsend,  giving  the  results  of  a  series  of 


experiments  instituted  by  him  in  reference  to  the  wax- 
paper  process.  One  of  the  great  objections  hitherto 
made  to  this  process  has  been  its  slowness,  as  compared 
with  the  original  calotype  process,  and  its  various 
modifications  ;  and  another,  that  its  preparation  in- 
volved some  complexity  of  manipulation.  Mr.  Town- 
send  has  simplified  the  process  materially,  having  found 
that  the  use  of  the  fluoride  and  cyanide  of  potassium, 
as  directed  by  Le  Gray,  in  no  way  adds  to  the  effici- 
ency of  the  process,  either  in  accelerating  or  otherwise. 
The  iodide  and  bromide  of  potassium  with  free  iodine 
give  a  paper  which  produces  rapid,  sure,  and  clean, 
results.  He  discards  whey,  sugar  of  milk,  grape 
sugar,  &c.,  hitherto  deemed  essential,  but  which  his 
experience  shows  to  be  unnecessary.  He  exhibited 
three  negatives  of  the  same  view  taken  consecutively 
at  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning,  with  the  respective 
exposures  of  thirty  seconds,  two  and  a  half  minutes, 
and  ten  minutes,  each  of  which  was  good  and  perfect. 
The  formula  he  adopts  is  : 

Iodide  of  potassium         ...     600  grs. 
Bromide  of  potassium,  from        150  to  250     „ 
Re-sublimed  iodine          -         -         -         6     „ 
Distilled  water        -         -         -  40  oz. 

The  waxed  papers  are  wholly  immersed  in  this  solu- 
tion, and  left  to  soak  at  least  two  hours,  and  are  then, 
hung  to  dry  in  the  usual  way.  The  papers  are  made 
sensitive  by  wholly  immersing  them  in  aceto-nitrate  of 
silver  of  the  following  proportions  : 

Nitrate  of  silver   -         -         -         -     SO  grs. 

Acetic  acid  -         -         -         -         -     30  minims. 

Distilled  water  -  -  -  -  1  oz. 
The  papers  remaining  in  this  solution  not  less  than 
eight  minutes.  They  are  washed  in  two  waters  for 
eight  minutes  each,  and  then  blotted  off  in  the  ordi- 
nary manner.  Mr.  Townsend  states  that  there  is  no 
need  to  fear  leaving  the  paper  in  the  sensitive  bath  too 
long.  He  has  left  it  in  the  bath  fourteen  hours  without 
any  injury.  The  paper  thus  prepared  will  keep  ten 
or  twelve  days ;  it  may  be  longer,  but  his  experience 
does  not  extend  beyond  that  time.  With  paper  thus 
prepared  a  portrait  was  exhibited,  taken  in  fifty-five 
seconds,  in  a  room  with  a  side  light ;  but  it  must  be 
added,  that  in  this  instance  the  paper  was  not  washed, 
but  was  blotted  off  immediately  on  its  leaving  the  sen- 
sitive bath,  though  not  used  until  two  hours  had 
elapsed.  Mr.  Townsend  uses  for  developing  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  gallic  acid  with  a  drachm  of  aceto- 
nitrate  to  every  four  ounces  of  it,  but  he  considers  that 
this  proportion  of  aceto-nitrate  may  be  beneficially 
lessened.  He  finds  that  by  this  process  he  is  certain 
of  success,  and  is  never  troubled  with  that  browning 
over  of  the  paper  which  so  often  attends  the  use  of  the 
other  methods  of  preparation.  Besides  the  rapidity  of 
action  which  he  states,  there  is  the  farther  advantage 
that  a  lengthened  exposure  is  not  injurious.  The  pro- 
portion of  bromide  may  vary  from  1 50  grs.  to  250  grs. ; 
less  than  150  is  not  sufficient  to  produce  a  maximum 
of  rapidity,  whilst  more  than  250  adds  nothing  to  the 
effect. 

Photographic  Litigation. — Will  you  allow  me,  through 
the  medium  of  "  N.  &  Q,.,"  to  suggest  to  those  who 


JUKE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


599 


take  an  interest  in  the  collodion  process,  the  desirable- 
ness of  making  a  subscription  to  aid  Mr.  Henderson 
in  his  defence  against  the  proceedings  commenced  by 
Mr.  Talbot,  to  restrain  him  (and  through  him,  no 
doubt,  all  others)  from  taking  collodion  portraits.* 

It  does  not  appear  just  that  one  person  should  bear 
the  whole  expense  of  a  defence  in  which  so  many  are 
interested ;  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  if  a  subscription 
be  set  on  foot,  many  photographers  will  willingly  con- 
tribute. A  subscription,  besides  its  material  aid  to 
Mr.  Henderson,  would  also  serve  to  show  that  public 
opinion  is  opposed  to  such  absurd  and  unjust  attempts 
at  monopoly. 

It  is  difficult  to  imagine  how  a  claim  can  be  es- 
tablished to  a  right  in  an  invention  made  many  years 
subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  patent  under  which  the 
claim  is  made — not  only  made  by  another  person,  but 
differing  so  widely  in  principle  from  the  patent  pro- 
cess. The  advertisement  in  the  Athenceum  of  Saturday 
last  (June  10)  shows  plainly  that  it  is  intended,  if 
possible,  to  prevent  the  production  of  portraits  on  col- 
lodion by  any  person  not  licensed  by  Mr.  Talbot;  and 
the  harshness  of  this  proceeding,  after  the  process  has 
been  in  public  use  for  several  years,  needs  no  com- 
ment. H.  C.  SANDS. 

30.  Spring  Gardens,  Bradford. 

[We  insert  this  communication,  because  we  believe 
it  gives  expression  to  a  sentiment  shared  by  many.  Sub- 
scriptions in  favour  of  M.  La  Roche,  whose  case  stands 
first  for  trial,  are  received  by  Messrs.  Home  and  Thorn- 
thwaite.  Our  correspondent  does  not,  however,  ac- 
curately represent  the  caution  issued  by  Mr.  F.  Talbot's 
solicitors,  which  is  against  "  making  and  selling "  pho- 
tographic portraits  by  the  collodion  process.  When 
giving  up  his  patent  to  the  public,  Mr.  Fox  Talbot  re- 
served "  in  the  hands  of  his  own  licensees  the  appli- 
cation of  the  invention  to  the  taking  photographic 
portraits  for  sale,"  and  we  have  always  regretted  that 
Mr.  F.  Talbot  should  have  made  such  reservation, 
founded,  as  it  is,  upon  a  very  questionable  right.  —  ED. 
"  N.  &  Q.»] 


to 

Vandyking  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  452.).  —  Your  cor- 
respondent P.  C.  S.  S.  asks  the  meaning  of  the 
term  Vandyking,  in  the  following  passage  of  a 
letter  from  Secretary  Windebanke  to  the  Lord 
Deputy  Wentworth,  dated  Westminster,  Nov.  20, 
1633,  the  Lord  Deputy  being  then  in  Ireland  : — 

"  Now,  my  Lord,  for  my  own  observations  of  your 
carriage  since  you  had  the  conduct  of  affairs  there  [in 
Ireland],  because  you  press  me  so  earnestly,  I  shall 
take  the  boldness  to  deliver  myself  as  freely. 

"  First,  though  while  we  had  the  happiness  and 
honour  to  have  your  assistance  here  at  the  Council 
Board,  you  made  many  ill  faces  with  your  pen  (par- 
don, I  beseech  your  Lordship,  the  over  free  censure  of 
your  Vandyking),  and  worse,  oftentimes,  with  your 
speeches,  especially  in  the  business  of  the  Lord  Fal- 

*  The  words  of  the  advertisement  are  "  making  and 
selling." 


conberg,  Sir  Thomas  Gore,  Vermuyden,  and  others  ; 
yet  I  understand  you  make  worse  there  in  Ireland,  and 
there  never  appeared  a  worse  face  under  a  cork  upon 
a  bottle,  than  your  Lordship  hath  caused  some  to  make 
in  disgorging  such  church  livings  as  their  zeal  had 
eaten  up." — Strafford's  Letters,  vol.  i.  p.  161. 

This  passage,  as  well  as  what  follows,  is  written 
in  a  strain  of  banter,  and  is  intended  to  compliment 
the  great  Lord  Deputy  under  the  pretence  of  a 
free  censure  of  his  conduct.  The  first  part  of 
the  second  paragraph  evidently  alludes  to  Went- 
worth's  habit  of  drawing  faces  upon  paper  when 
he  was  sitting  at  the  Council  Table,  and  the  word 
Vandylting  is  used  in  the  sense  of  portrait-painting. 
Vandyck  was  born  in  1599 ;  he  visited  England 
for  a  short  time  in  1620,  and  in  1632  he  came  to 
England  permanently,  was  lodged  by  the  king, 
and  knighted ;  in  the  following  year  he  received  a 
pension  of  200Z.  for  life,  and  the  title  of  painter  to 
his  Majesty.  It  was  therefore  quite  natural  that 
Windebanke  should,  in  November,  1633,  use  the 
term  Vandyhing  as  equivalent  to  portrait-painting. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  same  paragraph,  the 
allusion  is  to  the  wry  faces,  which  the  speeches 
of  this  imperious  member  of  council  sometimes 
caused.  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  explain 
the  expression,  "  a  worse  face  under  a  cork  upon 
a  bottle  ?  "  L. 

Monteith  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  452.). —  The  Monteith 
was  a  kind  of  punch- bowl  (sometimes  of  delf 
ware)  with  scallops  or  indentations  in  the  brim, 
the  object  of  which  was  to  convert  it  into  a  con- 
venient tray  for  bringing  in  the  glasses.  These 
were  of  wine-glass  shape,  and  being  placed  with 
the  brims  downwards,  and  radiating  from  the 
centre,  and  with  the  handles  protruding  through 
the  indentations  in  the  bowl,  were  easily  carried, 
without  much  jingling  or  risk  of  breakage.  Of 
course  the  bowl  was  empty  of  liquor  at  the  time. 

A.  M.  and  M.A.  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  475.).  —  JUVERNA, 
M.  A.,  is  certainly  wrong  in  stating  that  "  Masters 
of  Arts  of  Oxford  are  styled  '  M.  A.,'  in  contra- 
distinction to  the  Masters  of  Arts  in  everjr  other 
university."  A.  B.,  A.  M.,  are  the  proper  initials 
for  Baccalaureus  and  Magister  Artium,  and  should 
therefore  only  be  used  when  the  name  is  in  Latin. 
B.A.  and  M.A.  are  those  for  Bachelor  and  Master 
of  Arts,  and  are  the  only  ones  to  be  used  where 
the  name  is  expressed  in  English.  Thus  John 
Smith,  had  he  taken  his  first  degree  in  Arts  at 
any  university,  might  indicate  the  fact  by  signing 
John  Smith,  B.A.,  or  Johannes  S.,  A.B.  If  he 
put  John  Smith,  A.B.,  a  doubt  might  exist 
whether  he  were  not  an  able-bodied  seaman,  for 
that  is  implied  by  A.B.  attached  to  an  English 
name.  The  editor  of  Farindon's  Sermons,  who  is, 
I  believe,  a  Dissenter,  styles  himself  the  Reverend 
T.  Jackson,  S.T.P.,-  i.  e.  Sacrosanctze  Theologia? 


600 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[No.  243, 


Professor.  He  might  as  well  have  part  of  his 
title  in  Sanscrit,  as  part  in  English  and  part  in 
Latin. 

I  believe  this  mistake  is  made  more  frequently 
by  graduates  of  Cambridge  than  by  those  of 
Oxford.  Indeed,  they  have  now  created  a  new 
degree,  Master  of  Laws,  with  the  initials  LL.M. 
(Legum  Magister).  But  they  are  usually  infe- 
licitous in  their  nomenclature,  as  witness  their 
voluntary  theological  examination,  now  made  com- 
pulsory by  all  the  bishops.  E.  G.  R.,  M.A. 

Cambridge. 

Greek  denounced  by  the  Monks  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  467.). 
—  In  his  History  of  the  Reformation  (b.  I.  ch.  iii.), 
D' Aubigne  says,  — 

"  The  monks  asserted  that  all  heresies  arose  from 
those  two  languages  [Greek  and  Hebrew],  and  parti- 
cularly from  the  Greek.  '  The  New  Testament,'  said 
one  of  them,  '  is  a  book  full  of  serpents  and  thorns. 
Greek,'  continued  he,  « is  a  new  and  recently-invented 
language,  and  we  must  be  upon  our  guard  against  it. 
As  for  Hebrew,  my  dear  brethren,  it  is  certain  that  all 
who  learn  it  immediately  become  Jews.'  Heresbach, 
a  friend  of  Erasmus  and  a  respectable  author,  reports 
these  expressions." 

Had  there  been  more  authority,  probably  D' Au- 
bigne would  have  quoted  it.  B.  H.  C. 

In  Lewis's  History  of  the  English  Translation 
of  the  Bible,  edit.  London,  1818,  pp.  54,  55.,  the 
following  passage  occurs : 

"  These  proceedings  for  the  advancement  of  learning 
and  knowledge,  especially  in  divine  matters,  alarmed 
the  ignorant  and  illiterate  monks,  insomuch  that  they 
declaimed  from,  the  pulpits,  that  '  there  was  now  a 
new  language  discovered  called  Greek,  of  which  people 
should  beware,  since  it  was  that  which  produced  all 
the  heresies  ;  that  in  this  language  was  come  forth  a 
book  called  the  New  Testament,  which  was  now  in 
everybody's  hands,  and  was  full  of  thorns  and  briers : 
that  there  was  also  another  language  now  started  up 
which  they  called  Hebrew,  and  that  they  who  learnt  it 
were  termed  Hebrews.' " 

The  authority  quoted  for  this  statement  is  Hody, 
De  Bibliorum  Textibus,  p.  465. 

See  also  the  rebuke  administered  by  Henry  VIII. 

,  to  a  preacher  who  had  "  launched  forth  against 

Greek  and  its  new   interpreters,"   in  Erasmus, 

JEpp.,  p.  347.,  quoted  in  D'Aubigne's  Reformation, 

book  XVIIT.  1.  C.  W.  BINGHAM. 

Caldecotfs  Translation  of  the  New  Testament 
(Vol.viii.,  p.  410.). —  J.  M.  Caldecott,  the  trans- 
lator of  the  New  Testament,  referred  to  by  your 

correspondent  S.  A.  S.,  is  the  son  of  the  late 

Caldecott,  Esq.,  of  Rugby  Lodge,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  Rugby  School,  where  I  believe  he  ob- 
tained one  or  more  prizes  as  a  first-class  Greek 
and  Hebrew  scholar.  After  completing  his  studies 
at  this  school,  his  father  purchased  for  him  a  com- 


mission in  the  East  India  Company's  service  ;  but 
soon  after  his  arrival  in  India,  conceiving  a  dislike 
to  the  army,  he  sold  his  commission  and  returned 
to  England.  Being  somewhat  singular  in  his 
notions,  and  altogether  eccentric  both  in  manner 
and  appearance,  he  estranged  himself  from  his 
family  and  friends,  and,  as  I  have  been  informed, 
took  up  his  temporary  abode  in  this  city  about  the 
year  1828.  Although  his  income  was  at  that  time 
little  short  of  300Z.  per  annum,  he  had  neither 
house  nor  servant  of  his  own  ;  but  boarded  in  the 
house  of  a  respectable  tradesman,  living  on  the 
plainest  fare  (so  as  he  was  wont  to  say),  to  enable 
him  to  give  the  more  to  feed  the  hungry  and 
clothe  the  naked.  In  this  way.  and  by  being  fre- 
quently imposed  upon  by  worthless  characters,  he 
gave  away,  in  a  few  years,  nearly  all  his  property, 
leaving  himself  almost  destitute :  and,  indeed, 
would  have  been  entirely  so,  but  for  a  weekly 
allowance  made  to  him  by  his  mother  (sometime 
since  deceased),  on  which  he  is  at  the  present  time 
living  in  great  obscurity  in  one  of  our  large  sea- 
port towns ;  but  may  be  occasionally  seen  in  the 
streets  with  a  long  beard,  and  a  broad-brimmed 
hat,  addressing  a  group  of  idlers  and  half-naked 
children.  I  could  furnish  your  correspondent 
S.  A.  S.  with  more  information  if  needful.  T.  J. 
Chester.  < 

Blue  Bells  of  Scotland  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  388. 
Vol.  ix.,  p.  209.).  —  Surely  TO.  of  Philadelphia  is 
right  in  supposing  that  the  Blue  Bell  of  Scotland, 
in  the  ballad  which  goes  by  that  name,  is  a  bell 
painted  blue,  and  used  as  the  sign  of  an  inn,  and 
not  the  flower  so  called,  as  asserted  by  HENRY 
STEPHENS,  unless  indeed  there  be  an  older  ballad 
than  the  one  commonly  sung,  which,  as_  many  of 
your  readers  must  be  aware,  contains  this  line,  — 
"  He  dwells  in  merry  Scotland, 
At  the  sign  of  the  Blue  Bell." 

I  remember  to  have  heard  that  the  popularity  of 
this  song  dates  from  the  time  when  it  was  sung  on 
the  stage  by  Mrs.  Jordan. 

Can  any  one  inform  me  whether  the  air  is  an- 
cient or  modern  ?  HONORE  DE  MAEEVILLE. 

Guernsey. 

"  De  male  qucssitis  gaudet  non  tertius  hares " 
(Vol.  ii.,  p.  167.). — The  quotation  here  wanted 
has  hitherto  been  neglected.  The  words  may  be 
found,  with  a  slight  variation,  in  Bellochii  Praxis 
Moralis  Theologies,  de  casibus  reservatis,  Sfc.,  Ve- 
netiis,  1627,  4to.  As  the  work  is  not  common,  I 
send  the  passage  for  insertion,  which  I  know  will 
be  acceptable  to  other  correspondents  as  well  as 
to  the  querist : 

"  Divino  judicio  permittitur  ut  tales  surreptores 
rerum  sacrarum  diu  ipsis  rebus  furtivis  non  Isetentur, 
sed  imo  ab  aliis  nequioribus  furibus  prsefatae  res  illis 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


601 


abripiantur,  ut  de  se  ipso  fassus  est  ille,  qui  in  suis 
ffidibus  hoc  distichon  inscripsit,  ut  refert  Jo.  Bonif., 
Jib.  de  furt.,  §  contrectatio,  num.  134.  in  fin.  : 

«  Congeries  lapidum  variis  constructa  rapinis, 
Aut  uret,  aut  met,  aut  raptor  alter  habebit.' 

Et  juxta  illud  : 

«  De  rebus  male  acquisitis,  non  gaudebit  tertius  haeres.' 
Lazar  (de  monitorio),  sect.  4.  9.  4.,  num.  16.,  imo 
nee  secundus,  ut  ingenue  et  perbelle  fatetur  in  suo 
poemate,  nostro  idiomate  Jerusalem  celeste  acquistata, 
cant.  x.  num.  88.  Pater  Frater  Augustinus  Gallu- 
tius  de  Mandulcho,  ita  canendo  : 

*  D'un'  acquisto  sacrilege  e  immondo, 
Gode  di  rado  il  successor  secondo, 
Pero  che  il  primo  e  mal'  accorto  herede 
Senza  discretion  li  da  di  piedi.'  " 

BlBLIOTHECAR.  CHETHAM. 

Mawkin  (Vol.  ix.,  pp.  303.  385.).— Is  not  maw- 
kin  merely  a  corruption  for  mannikin  f  I  strongly 
suspect  it  to  be  so,  though  Forby,  in  his  Vocabulary 
of  East  Anglia,  gives  the  word  maukin  as  ^if 
peculiar  to  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  and  derives  it, 
like  L.,  from  Mal,  for  Moll  or  Mary.  F.  C.  H. 

This  word,  in  the  Scottish  dialect  spelt  maukin, 
means  a  hare.  It  occurs  in  the  following  verse  of 
Burns  in  Tarn  Samson's  Elegy  : 

"  Rejoice,  ye  birring  paitricks  a' ; 
Ye  cootie  moorcocks,  crousely  craw  ; 
Ye  maukins,  cock  your  fud  fu'  braw, 

Withouten  dread  ; 
Your  mortal  fae  is  now  awa', 

Tarn  Samson's  dead  !  " 

KENNEDY  M'JSTAB. 

"Putting  a  spoke  in  his  wheel"  (Vol.  viii., 
pp.  269.  351.  576.).  — There  is  no  doubt  that 
"  putting  a  spoke  in  his  wheel "  is  "  offering  an 
obstruction."  But  I  have  always  understood  the 
"  spoke  "  to  be,  not  a  radius  of  the  wheel,  but  a 
bar  put  between  the  spokes  at  right  angles,  so  as 
to  prevent  the  turning  of  the  wheel ;  a  rude  mode 
of  "  locking,"  which  I  have  often  seen  practised. 
The  correctness  of  the  metaphor  is  thus  evident. 

WM.  HAZEL. 

Dog  Latin  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  523.).  —  The  return  of 
a  sheriff  to  a  writ  which  he  had  not  been  able  to 
serve,  owing  to  the  defendant's  secreting  himself 
in  a  swamp,  will  be  new  to  English  readers.  It 
was  "  Non  come-at-ibus  in  swampo." 

Since  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution, 
the  motto  of  the  United  States  has  been  "  E  plu- 
ribus  unum."  A  country  sign-painter  in  Bucks 
county,  Pennsylvania,  painted  "  E  pluribur  uni- 
bus,"  instead  of  it  on  a  sign.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Swedish  Words  current  in  England  (Vol.  vii., 
pp.  231.  366.).  —  Very  many  Swedish  words  are 


current  in  the  north  of  England,  e.  gr.  barn  or 
learn  (Scottice  bairn),  Sw.  barn ;  bleit  or  blate, 
bashful,  Sw.  blod ;  to  cleam,  to  fasten,  to  spread 
thickly  over,  Sw.  klemma  ;  cod,  pillow,  Sw.  kudde ; 
to  gly,  to  squint,  Sw.  glo ;  to  lope,  to  leap,  Sw. 
lopa ;  to  late  (Cumberland),  to  seek,  Sw.  leta ; 
sackless,  without  crime,  Sw.  saklos ;  sark,  shirt, 
Sw.  s'drk ;  to  thole  (Derbyshire),  to  endure,  Sw. 
tola  ;  to  wait,  to  totter,  to  overthrow,  Sw.  w'dlta ; 
to  warp,  to  lay  eggs,  Sw.  w'drpa ;  wogh  (Lanca- 
shire), wall,  Sw.  wdgg,  &c.  It  is  a  fact  very  little 
known,  that  the  Swedish  language  bears  the  closest 
resemblance  of  all  modern  languages  to  the  En- 
glish as  regards  grammatical  structure,  not  even 
the  Danish  excepted.  SUECAS. 

Mob  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  524.).  —  I  have  always  un-  - 
derstood  that  this  word  was   derived  from   the 
Latin  expression  mobile  vulgus,  which  is,  I  believe, 
in  Virgil.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

"  Days  of  my  Youth  "  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  467.).  --  In 
answer  to  the  inquiry  made  a  few  months  since, 
whether  Judge  St.  George  Tucker,  of  Virginia, 
was  the  author  of  the  lines  beginning  — 
"  Days  of  my  youth." 

the  undersigned  states  that  he  was  a  friend  and 
relative  of  Judge  Tucker,  and  knows  him  to  have 
been  the  author.  They  had  a  great  run  at  the 
time,  and  found  their  way  not  only  into  the  news- 
papers, but  even  into  the  almanacs  of  the  day. 

G.T. 

Philadelphia. 

Encore  (Vol.  viii.,  pp.  387.  524.).  —  A  writer  in 
an  English  magazine,  a  few  years  ago,  proposed 
that  the  Latin  word  repetitus  should  be  used  in- 
stead of  encore.  Among  other  advantages  he  sug- 
gested that  the  people  in  the  gallery  of  a  theatre 
would  pronounce  it  repeat-it-us,  and  thus  make 
English  of  it.  UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Cambridge  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  493.). — Your  correspondent  will  find  his  ques- 
tion answered  by  referring  to  the  History  of  the 
Royal  Family,  8vo.,  Lond.,  1741,  pp.  119.  156. 
For  an  account  of  this  book,  which  is  founded 
upon  the  well-known  Sandford's  Genealogical  His- 
tory, see  Clarke's  Bibliotheca  Legum,  edit.  1819, 
p.  174.  T.  E.  T. 

Islington. 

Right  of  redeeming  Property  (Vol.  viii.,  p.  516.). 
—  This  right  formerly  existed  in  Normandy,  and, 
I  believe,  in  other  parts  of  France.  In  the  baili- 
wick of  Guernsey,  the  laws  of  which  are  based  on 
the  ancient  custom  of  Normandy,  the  right  is  still 
exercised,  although  it  has  been  abolished  for  some 
years  in  the  neighbouring  island  of  Jersey. 


602 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  243. 


The  law  only  applies  to  real  property,  which, 
by  the  Norman  custom,  was  divided  in  certain 
proportions  among  all  the  children ;  and  this  right 
of  "  retrait,"  as  it  is  technically  termed,  was  doubt- 
less intended  to  counteract  in  some  measure  the 
too  minute  division  of  land,  and  to  preserve  in- 
heritances in  families.  It  must  be  exercised  within 
a  year  of  the  purchase.  For  farther  information 
on  the  subject,  Berry's  History  of  Guernsey, 
p.  176.,  may  be  consulted. 

HONORE  DE  MAREVILLE. 

Guernsey. 

Latin  Inscription  on  Lindsey  Court-house  (Vol.  ix., 
pp.  492.  552.).  —  I  cannot  but  express  my  sur- 
prise at  the  learned  (?)  trifling  of  some  of  your 
•correspondents  on  the  inscription  upon  Lindsey 
Court-house.  Try  it  thus  : 

"  Fiat  Justitia, 

1619, 

Heec  domus 

Odit,  amat,  punit,  conservat,  honorat, 
JVequitiam,  pacem,  crimina,  jura,  bonos." 

which  will  make  two  lines,  an  hexameter  and  a 
pentameter,  the  first  letters,  O  and  N,  having 
perhaps  been  effaced  by  time  or  accident, 

NEGLECTUS. 

[That  this  emendation  is  the  right  one  is  clear  from 
the  communication  of  another  correspondent,  B.  R. 
A.  Y.,  who  makes  the  same,  and  adds  in  confirmation, 
"  The  following  lines  existed  formerly  (and  do,  perhaps, 
now)  on  the  Market-house  at  Much  Wenlock,  Shrop- 
shire, which  will  explain  their  meaning: 

'  Hie  locus 

Odit,  amat,  punit,  conservat,  honorat, 
.ZVequitiam,  pacem,  crimina,  jura,  bonos.' 

The  0  and  N,  being  at  the  beginning  of  the  lines  as 
given  by  your  correspondent,  were  doubtless  obliterated 
by  age."] 

The  restoration  of  this  inscription  proposed  by 
me  is  erroneous,  and  must  be  corrected  from  the 
perfect  inscription  as  preserved  at  Pistoia  and 
Much  Wenlock,  cited  by  another  correspondent 
In  p.  552.  The  three  inscriptions  are  slightly 
varied.  Perhaps  "  a^nat.  pacem  "  is  better  than 
"  amat  leges,"  on  account  of  the  tautology  with 
**  conservat  jura."  L. 

Myrtle  Bee  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  205.  &c.).  — I  have 
carefully  read  and  reread  the  articles  on  the 
myrtle  bee,  and  I  can  come  to  no  other  conclu- 
sion than  that  it  is  not  a  bird  at  all,  but  an  insect, 
one  of  the  hawkmoths,  and  probably  the  hum- 
ming-bird hawkmoth.  We  have  so  many  inde- 
fatigable genuine  field  naturalists,  picking  up  every 
straggler  which  is  blown  to  our  coasts,  that  I  can- 
not think  it  possible  there  is  a  bird  at  all  common 
to  any  district  of  England,  and  yet  totally  un- 
known to  science.  Now,  insects  are  often  ex- 


ceedingly abundant  in  particular  localities,  yet 
scarcely  known  beyond  them.  The  size  C.  BROWN 
describes  as  certainly  not  larger  than  half  that  of 
the  common  wren.  The  humming-bird  (H.  M.) 
is  scarcely  so^  large  as  this,  but  its  vibratory  motion 
would  make  it  look  somewhat  larger  than  it  really 
is.  Its  breadth,  from  tip  to  tip  of  the  wings,  is 
twenty  to  tw_enty-four  lines.  The  myrtle  bee's 
"  short  flight  is  rapid,  steady,  and  direct,"  exactly 
that  ^of  the  hawkmoth.  The  tongue  of  the  myrtle 
bee  is  "  round,  sharp,  and  pointed  at  the  end,  ap- 
pearing capable  of  penetration,"  not  a  bad  popular 
description  of  the  suctorial  trunk  of  the  hawk- 
moth,  from  which  it  gains  its  generic  name,  Ma- 
croglossa.  Its  second  pair  of  wings  are  of  a  rusty 
yellow  colour,  which,  when  closed,  would  give  it 
the  appearance  of  being  "tinged  with  yellow  about 
the  vent."  It  has  also  a  tuft  of  scaly  hairs  at  the 
extremity  of  the  abdomen,  which  would  suggest 
the  idea  of  a  tail.  In  fact,  on  the  wing,  it  appears 
very  like  a  little  bird,  as  attested  by  its  common 
name.  In  habit  it  generally  retires  from  the  mid- 
day sun,  which  would  account  for  its  being  "  put 
up  "  by  the  ^dogs.  The  furze-chat,  mentioned  by 
C.  BROWN,  is  the  Saxicola  rubetra,  commonly  also 
called  the  whinchat.  WM.  HAZEL. 

Househunt  £Vol.  ix.,  p.  65.  &c.).  —  G.  TENNY- 
SON identifies  the  mousehunt  with  the  beech- 
martin,  the  very  largest  of  our  Mustelidce,  on  the 
authority  of  Henley  "  the  dramatic  commentator." 
Was  he  a  naturalist  too  ?  I  never  heard  of  him  as 
such. 

Now,  MR.  W.  K.  D.  SALMON,  who  first  asked 
the  question,  speaks  of  it  as  less  than  the  common 
weasel,  and  quotes  Mr.  Colquhoun's  opinion,  that 
it  is  only  "  the  young  of  the  year."  I  have  no 
doubt  at  all  that  this  is  correct.  The  young  of  all 
the  Mustelidce  hunt,  and  to  a  casual  observer  exhi- 
bit all  the  actions  of  full-grown  animals,  when  not 
more  than  half  the  size  of  their  parents.  There 
seems  no  reason  to  suppose  that  there  are  more 
than  four  species  known  in  England,  the  weasel, 
the  stoat  or  ermine,  the  polecat,  and  the  martin. 
The  full-grown  female  of  the  weasel  is  much 
smaller  than  the  male.  Go  to  any  zealous  game- 
keeper's exhibition,  and  you  will  see  them  of  many 
gradations  in  size.  WM.  HAZEL. 

Longfellow's  "  Hyperion"  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  495.).  — 
I  would  offer  the  following  rather  as  a  suggestion 
than  as  an  answer  to  MORDAN  GILLOTT.  But  it 
has  always  appeared  to  me  that  Longfellow  has 
himself  explained,  by  a  simple  allusion  in  the 
work,  the  reason  which  dictated  the  name  of  his 
Hyperion.  As  the  ancients  fabled  Hyperion  to  be 
the  offspring  of  the  heavens  and  the  earth  ;  so,  in  his 
aspirations,  and  his  weakness  and  sorrows,  Flem- 
ming  (the  hero  of  the  work)  personifies,  as  it  were, 
the  mingling  of  heaven  and  earth  in  the  heart  and 


JUNE  24.  1854.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


603 


mind  of  a  man  of  true  nobility.     The  passage  to 
•which  I  allude  is  the  following : 

«  Noble  examples  of  a  high  purpose,  and  a  fixed 
will !  Do  they  not  move,  Hyperion-like,  on  high  ? 
Were  they  not  likewise  sons  of  heaven  and  earth?"  — 
Book  iv.  ch.  1. 

SELEUCUS. 

Benjamin  Rush  (Vol.  ix.,  p.  451.).  —  INQUIRER 
asks  "  Why  the  freedom  of  Edinburgh  was  con- 
ferred upon  him?"  I  have  looked  into  the 
Records  of  the  Town  Council,  and  found  the  fol- 
lowing entry : 

"  4th  March,  1767.  The  Council  admit  and  receive 
Richard  Stocktoun,  Esquire,  of  New  Jersey,  Council- 
lour  at  Law,  and  Benjamin  Rush,  Esquire,  of  Phila- 
delphia, to  be  burgesses  and  gild  brethren  of  this  city, 
in  the  most  ample  form." 

But  there  is  no  reason  assigned. 

JAMES  LAURIE,  Conjoint  Town  Clerk. 

Quakers  executed  in  North  America  (Vol.  ix., 
p.  305.).  —  A  fuller  account  of  these  nefarious 
proceedings  is  detailed  in  an  abstract  of  the  suf- 


ferings of  the  people  called  Quakers,  in  2  vols., 
1733;  vol.  i.  (Appendix)  pp.  491— 514.,  and  in 
vol.  iii.  pp.  195—232.  E.  D. 


ta 

For  the  purpose  of  inserting  as  many  Replies  as  possible  in 
this,  the  closing  Number  of  our  NINTH  VOLUME,  we  have  this 
week  omitted  our  usual  NOTES  ON  BOOKS  and  LISTS  OF  BOOKS 

WANTED  TO   PURCHASE. 

W.  W.  (Malta).     Received  with  many  thanks. 

R.  H.  (Oxford).  For  Kentish  Men  and  Men  of  Kent,  see 
"  N.  &  Q.,"  Vol.  v.,pp.  321.  615. 

MR.  LONG'S  easy  Calotype  Process  reached  us  too  late  for  in- 
sertion this  week.  It  shall  appear  in  our  next. 

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for  i 


R.    DE    JONGH'S  LIGHT 

BROWN  COD  LIVER  OIL.  Prepared 
medicinal  use  in  the  Loffoden  Isles,  Nor- 
way, and  put  to  the  test  of  chemical  analysis. 
The  most  effectual  remedy  for  Consumption, 
Bronchitis,  Asthma.  Gout,  Chronic  Rheuma- 
tism, and  all  Scrofulous  Diseases. 

Approved  of  and  recommended  by  BERZEtitrs, 
LIEIHG,  WOEHLER,  JONATHAN  PEREIRA,  Fou- 
QUIER,  and  numerous  other  eminent  medical 
men  and  scientific  chemists  in  Europe. 

Specially  rewarded  with  medals  by  the  Go- 
vernments of  Belgium  and  the  Netherlands. 

Has  almost  entirely  superseded  all  other 
kinds  on  the  Continent,  in  consequence  of  its 
proved  superior  power  and  efficacy — effecting  a 
cure  much  more  rapidly. 

Contains  iodine,  phosphate  of  chalk,  volatile 
acid,  and  the  elements  of  the  bile  —  in  short, 
all  its  most  active  and  essential  principles  — 
in  larger  quantities  than  the  pale  oils  made  in 
England  and  Newfoundland,  deprived  mainly 
of  these  by  their  mode  of  preparation. 

Sold  Wholesale  and  Retail,  in  bottles,  la- 
belled with  Dr.  de  Jongh's  Stamp  and  Signa- 
ture, by 

ANSAR,  HARFORD,  &  CO.,  77.  Strand, 
Sole  Consignees  and  Agents  for  the  United 
Kingdom  and  British  Possessions  ;  and  by  all 
respectable  Chemists  and  Vendors  of  Medi- 
cine in  Town  and  Country,  at  the  following 

Imperial  Measure,  Half-pints,  2s.  6cit. ;  Pints, 

ENNETT'S       MODEL 

L,  WATCH,  as  shown  at  the  GREAT  EX- 
IIBITION,  No.  1.  Class  X.,  in  Gold  and 
Silver  Cases,  in  five  qualities,  and  adapted  to 
nil  Climates,  may  now  be  had  at  the  MANU- 
FACTORY, 65.  CHEAPSIDE.  Superior  Gold 
London-made  Patent  Levers,  17,  15,  and  12 
guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver  Cases,  8,  6,  and  4 
guineas.  First-rate  Geneva  Levers,  in  Gold 
Cases,  12,  10,  and  8  guineas.  Ditto,  in  Silver 
Cases,  8, 6,  and  5  guineas.  Superior  Lever,  with 
Chronometer  Balance,  Gold.  27,  23,  and  19 
guineas.  Bennett's  Pocket  Chronometer,  Gold, 
50  guineas  ;  Silver,  40  guineas.  Every  Watch 
skilfully  examined,  timed,  and  its  performance 
guaranteed.  Barometers,  21.,  3Z.,  and  4Z.  Ther- 
mometers from  Is.  each. 

BENNETT,  Watch,  Clock,  and  Instrument 
Maker  to  the  Royal  Observatory,  the  Board  of 
Ordnance,  the  Admiralty,  and  the  Queen, 
65.  CHEAPSIDE. 


Patronised  by  the  Royal 
Family. 


TWO    THOUSAND   POUNDS 
for  any  person  producing  Articles  supe- 
rior to  the  following : 

THE  HAIR  RESTORED  AND  GREY- 
NESS  PREVENTED. 

BEETHAM'S    CAPILLARY    FLUID    is 

acknowledged  to  be  the  most  effectual  article 
for  Restoring  the  Hair  in  Baldness,  strength- 
ening when  weak  and  fine,  effectually  pre- 
venting falling  or  turning  grey,  and  for  re- 
storing its  natural  colour  without  the  use  of 
dye.  The  rich  glossy  appearance  it  imparts  is 
the  admiration  of  every  person.  Thousands 
have  experienced  its  astonishing  efficacy. 
Bottles,  2s.  6d. ;  double  size,  4s.  6tf. ;  7s.  6d. 
equal  to  4  small;  11s.  to  6  small;  21s.  to 
13  small.  The  most  perfect  beautifier  ever 
invented. 

SUPERFLUOUS  HAIR  REMOVED. 

BEETHAM'S  VEGETABLE  EXTRACT 
does  not  cause  pain  or  injury  to  the  skin.  Its 
effect  is  unerring,  and  it  is  now  patronised  by 
royalty  and  hundreds  of  the  first  families. 
Bottles,  5s. 

BEETHAM'S  PLASTER  is  the  only  effec- 
tual remover  of  Corns  and  Bunions.  It  also 
reduces  enlarged  Great  Toe  Joints  in  an  asto- 
nishing manner.  If  space  allowed,  the  testi- 
mony of  upwards  of  twelve  thousand  indivi- 
duals, during  the  last  five  years,  might  be 
inserted.  Packets,  Is.  ;  Boxes,  2s.  6d.  Sent 
Free  by  BEETHAM,  Chemist,  Cheltenham, 
for  14  or  36  Post  Stamps. 

Sold  by  PRING,  30.  Westmorland  Street ; 
JACKSON,  9.  Westland  Row;  BEWLEY 
&  EVANS,  Dublin;  GOULDING,  108. 
Patrick  Street,  Cork :  BARRY,  9.  Main 
Street,  Kinsale  ;  GRATTAN,  Belfast  ; 
MURDOCK,  BROTHERS,  Glasgow  ;  DUN- 
CAN &  FLOCKHART,  Edinburgh.  SAN- 
GER,  150.  Oxford  Street ;  PROUT,  229. 
Strand  ;  KEATING,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  : 
SAVORY  &  MOORE,  Bond  Street ;  HAN- 
NAY,  63.  Oxford  Street ;  London.  All 
Chemists  and  Perfumers  will  procure  them. 


T>OSS  &  SONS'   INSTANT  A- 

JL\  NEOUS  HAIR  DYE,  without  Smell, 
the  best  and  cheapest  extant.  —  ROSS  &  SONS 
have  several  private  apartments  devoted  en- 
tirely to  Dyeing  the  Hair,  and  particularly  re- 
quest a  visit,  especially  from  the  incredulous, 
as  they  will  undertake  to  dye  a  portion  of  their 
hair,  without  charging,  of  any  colour  required, 
from  the  lightest  brown  to  the  darkest  black, 
to  convince  them  of  its  effect. 

Sold  in  cases  at  3s.  6cZ.,  5s.  6d.,  10s.,  15s.,  and 
20s.  each  case.  Likewise  wholesale  to  the 
Trade  by  the  pint,  quart,  or  gallon. 

Address,  ROSS  &  SONS,  119.  and  120.  Bi- 
shopsgate  Street,  Six  Doors  from  Cornhill, 
London. 


ALLEN'S      ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE,  containing  Size,  Price, 
and  Description  of  upwards  of  100  articles, 
consisting  of 

PORTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-BAGS, 
Ladies'  Portmanteaus, 

DESPATCH-BOXES,    WRITING-DESKS, 

DRESSING-CASES,  and  other  travelling  re- 
quisites, Gratis  on  application,  or  sent  free  by 
Post  on  receipt  of  Two  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  ALLEN'S  registered  Despatch- 
box  and  Writing-desk,  their  Travelling-bag 
with  the  opening  as  large_  as  the  bag,  and  the 
new  Portmanteau  containing  four  compart- 
ments, are  undoubtedly  the  best  articles  of  the 
kind  ever  produced. 

J.  W.  &  T.  ALLEN,  18.  &  22.  West  Strand. 


QNE  THOUSAND  BED- 
STEADS TO  CHOOSE  FROM.- 
AL  &  SON'S  Stock  comprises  handsomely 
Japanned  and  Brass-mounted  Iron  Bedsteads, 
Children's  Cribs  and  Cots  of  new  and  elegant 
designs,  Mahogany,  Birch,  and  Walnut-tree 
Bedsteads,  of  the  soundest  and  best  Manufac- 
ture, many  of  them  fitted  with  Furnitures, 
complete.  A  large  Assortment  of  Servants7 
and  Portable  Bedsteads.  They  have  also  every 
variety  of  Furniture  for  the  complete  furnish- 
ing of  a  Bed  Room. 

HEAL  &  SON'S  ILLUSTRATED  AND 
PRICED  CATALOGUE  OF  BEDSTEADS 
AND  BEDDING,  sent  Free  by  Post. 

HEAL  &  SON,  196.  Tottenham  Court  Eoad. 


604 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[No.  243. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  APPARA- 
TUS, MATERIALS,  and  PURE  CHE- 
MICAL PREPARATIONS. 

KNIGHT  &  SONS'  Illustrated  Catalogue 
containing  Description  and  Price  of  the%  best 
forms  of  Cameras  and  other  Apparatus.  Voight- 
lander  and  Son's  Lenses  for  Portraits  and 
Views,  together  with  the  various  Materials 
and  pure  Chemical  Preparations  required  in 
nractising  the  Photographic  Art.  Forwarded 
free  on  receipt  of  Six  Postage  Stamps. 
Instructions  given  in  every  branch  of  the  Art 
An  extensive  Collection  of  Stereoscopic  and 
other  Photographic  Specimens. 

GEORGE  KNIGHT  &  SONS,  Foster  Lane, 
London. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION. 

HHHE  EXHIBITION  OF  PHO- 

JL  TOGRAPHS,  by  the  most  eminent  En- 
glish and  Continental  Artists,  is  OPEN 
DAILY  from  Ten  till  Five.  Free  Admission. 

£  s.  d. 
A  Portrait  by  Mr.  Talbot's  Patent 

Process  -  -  -  -  -  1  1  0 
Additional  Copies  (each)  -  -  0  5  0 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(.small  size)  -  -  -  -330 
A  Coloured  Portrait,  highly  finished 

(larger  size)     -          -          -          -550 

Miniatures.  Oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  and 
Chalk  Drawings,  Photographed  and  Coloured 
in  imitation  of  the  Originals.  Views  of  Coun- 
try Mansions,  Churches,  &c.,  taken  at  a  short 
notice. 

Cameras,  Lenses,  and  all  the  necessary  Pho- 
tographic Apparatus  and  Chemicals,  are  sup- 
plied, tested,  and  guaranteed. 

Gratuitous  Instruction  is  given  to  Purchasers 
of  Sets  of  Apparatus. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTION, 
168.  New  Bond  Street. 


LONDON    SCHOOL   OF 

J.  PHOTOGRAPHY,  78.  Newgate  Street. 
—At  this  Institution,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen 
may  learn  in  One  Hour  to  take  Portraits  and 
Landscapes,  and  purchase  the  necessary  Ap- 
paratus for  Five  Pounds.  No  charge  is  made 
for  the  Instruction. 


IMPROVEMENT  IN  COLLO- 
DION.— J.  B.  HOCKIN  &  CO.,  Chemists, 
289.  Strand,  have,  by  an  improved  mode  of 
Iodizing,  succeeded  in  producing  a  Collodion 
equal,  they  may  say  superior,  in  sensitiveness 
and  density  of  Negative,  to  any  other  hitherto 
published  ;  without  diminishing  the  keeping 
properties  and  appreciation  of  half-tint  for 
which  their  manufacture  has  been  esteemed. 

.  'Apparatus,  pure  Chemicals,  and  all  the  re- 
quirements for  the  practice  of  Photography. 
Instruction  in  the  Art. 

THE  COLLODION  AND  PO- 

SITIVK  PAPER  PROCESS.  By  J.  B. 
HOCKIN.  Price  Is.,  per  Post,  Is.  2<Z. 


WHOLESALE  PHOTOGRA- 
PHIC  DEPOT:  DANIEL  M'MIL- 
LAN,  132.  Fleet  Street,  London.  The  Cheapest 
House  in  Town  for  every  Description  of 
Photographic  Apparatus,  Materials,  and  Che- 
micals. 

***  Price  List  Free  on  Application. 


nOCOA-NUT    FIBRE    MAT- 

\J  TING  and  MATS,  of  the  best  quality. 
—  The  Jury  of  Class  28,  Great  Exhibition, 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal  to  T.  TRELOAR, 
Cocoa-Nut  Fibre  Manufacturer,  42.  Ludgate 
Hill,  London. 


COLLODION    PORTRAITS 

\J  AND  VIEWS  obtained  with  the  greatest 
ease  and  certainty  by  using  BLAND  & 
LONG'S  preparation  of  Soluble  Cotton  :  cer- 
tainty and  uniformity  of  action  over  a  len^th- 
ened  period,  combined  with  the  most  faithful 
rendering  of  the  half-tones,  constitute  this  a 
most  valuable  agent  in  the  hands  of  the  pho- 
tographer. 

Albumenized  paper,  for  printing  from  glass 
or  paper  negatives,  giving  a  minuteness  of  de- 
teil  unattained  by  any  other  method,  5s.  per 

Waxed  and  Iodized  Papers  of  tried  quality. 
Instruction  in  the  Processes. 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians  and  Photogra- 
phical  Instrument  Makers,  and  Operative 
Chemists,  153.  Fleet  Street,  London. 

***  Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


THE  SIGHT  preserved  by  the 
Use  of  SPECTACLES  adapted  to  suit 
every  variety  of  Vision  by  means  of  SMEE'S 
OPTOMETER,  which  effectually  prevents 
Injury  to  the  Eyes  from  the  Selection  of  Im- 
proper Glasses,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 

BLAND  &  LONG,  Opticians,  153.  Fleet 
Street,  London. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   CAMERAS, 

OTTEWILL  AND  MORGAN'S 

Manufactory,  24.  &  25.  Charlotte  Terrace, 
Caledonian.Road,  Islington. 

OTTEWILL'S  Registered  Double  Body 
Folding  Camera,  adapted  for  Landscapes  or 
Portraits,  may  be  had  of  A.  ROSS,  Feather- 
stone  Buildings,  Holborn  ;  the  Photographic 
Institution,  Bond  Street ;  and  at  the  Manu- 
factory as  above,  where  every  description  of 
Cameras,  Slides,  and  Tripods  may  be  had.  The 
Trade  supplied. 


PHOTOGRAPHY.  —  HORNE 

L  &  CO.'S  Iodized  Collodion,  for  obtaining 
Instantaneous  Views,  and  Portraits  in  from 
three  to  thirty  seconds,  according  to  light. 

Portraits  obtained  by  the  above,  for  delicacy 
of  detail  rival  the  choicest  Daguerreotypes, 
specimens  of  which  may  be  seen  at  their  Esta- 
blishment. 

Also  every  description  of  Apparatus,  Che- 
micals, &c.  &c.  used  in  this  beautiful  Art.  — 
123.  and  121.  Newgate  Street. 


PIANOFORTES,   25   Guineas 

JT  each. —  D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho 
Square  (established  A.D.  1785),  sole  manufac- 
;urers  of  the  ROYAL  PIANOFORTES,  at  25 
Guineas  each.>.  Every  instrument  warranted. 
The  peculiar  advantages  of  these  pianofortes 
ire  best  described  in  the  following  professional 
;estimonial,  signed  by  the  majority  of  the  lead- 
ng  musicians  of  the  age  :  —  "  We,  the  under- 
signed members  of  the  musical  profession, 
laving  carefully  examined 'the  Royal  Piano- 
fortes manufactured  by  MESSRS.  D'AL- 
HAINE  &  CO.,  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing 
;estimony  to  their  merits  and  capabilities.  It 
appears  to  us  impossible  to  produce  instruments 
of  the  same  size  possessing  a  richer  and  finer 
tone,  more  elastic  tou«h,  or  more  equal  tem- 
>erament,  while  the  elegance  of  their  construc- 
ion  renders  them  a  handsome  ornament  for 
he  library,  boudoir,  or  drawing-room.  (Signed) 
F.  L.  Abel,  F.  Benedict,  H.  R.  Bishop,  J.  Blew- 
tt,  J.  Brizzi,  T.  P.  Chipp,  P.  Delavanti,  C.  H. 
Dolby,  E.  F.  Fitzwilliam,  W.  Forde,  Stephen 
Glover,  Henri  Herz,  E.  Harrison.  H.  F.  Hass£, 
T.  L.  Hatton,  Catherine  Hayes,  W.  H.  Holmes, 
W.  Kuhe,  G.  F.  Kiallmark,  E.  Land,  G.  Lanza, 
Alexander  Lee,  A.  Leffler,  E.  J.  Loder,  W.  H. 
Montgomery,  S.  Nelson,  G.A.  Osborne,  John 
Parry,  H.  Panofka,  Henry  Phillips,  F.  Praegar, 
E.  F.  Rimbault,  Frank  Romer,  G.  H.  Rodwell, 
E.  Rockel,  Sims  Reeves,  J.  Templeton,  F.  We- 
ber, H.  Westrop,  T.  H.  Wright,"  &c. 

D'ALMAINE  &  CO.,  20.  Soho  Square.    Lists 
and  Designs  Gratis. 


WESTERN   LIFE    ASSU- 
RANCE AND  ANNUITY  SOCIETY, 
3.  PARLIAMENT  STREET,  LONDON. 
Founded  A.D.  1842. 


Directors. 


T.  Grissell,Esq. 

J.  Hunt,  Esq. 

J.  A.Lethbridge.Esq. 

E.  Lucas,  Esq. 

J.  Lys  Seager,  Esq. 

J.  B.  White,  Esq. 

J.  Carter  Wood,  Esq. 


H.E.Bicknell.Esq. 
T.  S.  Cocks,  Jun.  Esq. 

G.  H.  Drew,  Esq. 
W.Evans,  Esq. 
W.  Freeman,  Esq. 
F.  Fuller,  Esq. 
J.H.Goodhart.Esq. 

Trustees. 
W.Whateley,Esq.,Q.C.  ;  George  Drew,  Esq.; 

T.  Grissell,  Esq. 

Physician —  William  Rich.  Basham,  M.D. 

Bankers.— Messrs.  Cocks.  Biddulph,  and  Co., 

Charing  Cross. 

VALUABLE  PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES  effected  in  this  Office  do  not  be- 
come void  through  temporary  difficulty  in  pay- 
insr  a  Premium,  as  permission  is  given  upon 
application  to  suspend  the  payment  at  interest, 
according  to  the  conditions  detailed  in  the  Pro- 
spectus. 

Specimens  of  Rates  of  Premium  for  Assuring 
1007.,  with  a  Share  in  three-fourths  of  the 
Profits :  xj 


Age 
17  - 


£  s.  d.  \  Age 
-  1  14    4  |    32-        - 


£  s.  d. 

2  10    8 


22-        -        -  1  18    8       37-        -        -  2  18    6 
-245)     42-        - 


27- 


-382 

ARTHUR  SCRATCHLEY,  M.A.,  F.R.A.S., 

Actuary. 

Now  ready,  price  10s.  6<£,  Second  Edition, 
with  material  additions,  INDUSTRIAL  IN- 
VESTMENT and  EMIGRATION:  being  a 
TREATISE  on  BENEFIT  BUILDING  SO- 
CIETIES, and  on  the  General  Principles  of 
Land  Investment,  exemplified  in  the  Cases  of 
Freehold  Land  Societies,  Building  Companies, 
&c.  With  a  Mathematical  Appendix  on  Com- 
pound Interest  and  Life  Assurance.  By  AR- 
THUR SCRATCHLEY,  M.  A.,  Actuary  to 
the  Western  Life  Assurance  Society,  3.  Parlia- 
ment Street,  London. 


A  LLSOPP'S  PALE  or  BITTER 

J\.  ALE.  —  MESSRS.  S.  ALLSOPP  & 
SONS  beg  to  inform  the  TRADE  that  they 
are  now  registering  Orders  for  the  March 
Brewings  of  their  PALE  ALE  in  Casks  of 
18  Gallons  and  upwards,  at  the  BREWERY, 
Burton-on-Trent ;  and  at  the  under-men- 
tioned Branch  Establishments : 

LONDON,  at  61.  King  William  Street,  City. 
LIVERPOOL,  at  Cook  Street. 
MANCHESTER,  at  Ducie  Place. 
DUDLEY,  at  the  Burnt  Tree. 
GLASGOW,  at  115.  St.  Vincent  Street. 
DUBLIN,  at  1.  Crampton  Quay. 
BIRMINGHAM,  at  Market  Hall. 
SOUTH  WALES,  at  13.  King  Street,  Bristol. 

MESSRS.  ALLSOPP  &  SONS  take  the 
opportunity  of  announcing  to  PRIVATE 
FAMILIES  that  their  ALES,  so  strongly 
recommended  by  the  Medical  Profession,  may 
be  procured  in  DRAUGHT  and  BOTTLES 
GENUINE  from  all  the  most  RESPECT- 
ABLE LICENSED  VICTUALLERS,  on 

ALLSOPP'S  PALE  ALE"  being  specially 
asked  for. 

When  in  bottle,  the  genuineness  of  the  label 
can  be  ascertained  by  its  having  "ALLSOPP 
&  SONS"  written  across  it. 


nHUBB'S  LOCKS,  with  all  the 

\J  recent  improvements.  Strong  fire-proof 
safes,  cash  and  deed  boxes.  Complete  lists  ot 
sizes  and  prices  may  be  had  on  application. 

!HUBB  &  SON,  57.  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
London  ;  2ft.  Lord  Street,  Liverpool ;  16.  Mar- 
ket Street,  Manchester  ;  and  Horseley  Fields 
Wolverhampton. 


Printed  by  THOMAS  CLARK  SHAW,  of  No.  10.  Stonefield  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Islington,  at  No.  5.  New  Street  Square,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London :  and  published  by  GEORGE  BELL,  of  No.  186.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Pariah  of  St.  Dunstau  in  the  West,  m  tue 
City  of  London,  Publisher,  at  No.  186.  Fleet  Street  aforesaid.- Saturday,  June  24. 1854. 


INDEX 


TO 


THE    NINTH    VOLUME. 


[For  classified  articles,  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  NOTICES  OF  NEW  BOOKS,  EPIGRAMS,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK  LORE,  INSCRIPTIONS,  PHOTO- 
GRAPHY, PROVERBS,  QUOTATIONS,  SHAKSPEARE,  and  SONGS  AND  BALLADS.  Articles  with  an  asterisk  (*)  prefixed  denote  un- 
answered  Queries  at  the  date  of  Publication.] 


SUBJECTS. 


A. 


Abbott  families,  105.  233.  458. 
Aberbrothock,  or  Arbroath,  519. 
Abigail,  a  lady's  maid,  3.59. 
Abscond,  its  primary  meaning,  347. 
Aches  rhyming  with  artches,  351.  409.  571. 
Acrostic  in  Ash  Church,  Kent,  146. 

on  Johannes  Glanvill,  322. 

Addison  and  Watts,  373.  424. 

JEtna,  journey  to  the  crater  of,  563. 

Ague,  charm  for  the,  242. 

A/iv,  its  derivation,  192. 

Alderley,  the  old  clock  at,  269. 

Alfred  '(king),  pedigree  to  his  time,  233. 

338.  552. 

*Alibenistic  order  of  freemasons,  56. 
Alison  (Sir  Archibald)  in  error,  196. 
Almanacs,  books  of,  561. 
Altar,  reverence  to,  566. 
Alva  ( Duke  of)  noticed,  76.  158. 
Ambiguity  in  public  writing,  52. 
Ambry,  its  meaning,  459. 
American  languages,  ancient,  19*. 
poems    imputed   to  English  authors, 

377. 

Amontillado  sherry,  222.  336.  474. 
Ampers  and,  its  meaning,  43. 
Anachronisms,  367- 
Anagram  on  Charles  Stuart,  42. 
"  Ancren  Riwle,"  MSS.  of,  5. 
Andre  (Major)  noticed,  111.  520. 

*  Andrews   (Bishop),  puns  in  his  sermons, 

350. 
Annandale  (the  last  Marquis),  248. 

*  Anne  of  Geierstein,  noticed,  36. 
Anne  (Queen),  her  motto,  20.  78. 

ANONYMOUS  WORKS  :  — 

*Adventures  in  the  Moon,  245. 

*  Athenian  Sport,  350. 
*Austria  as  it  Is,  542. 

Bruce,  Robert  I.,  his  Acts  and  Life, 
452. 

Christabel,  the  Third  Part,  18. 

Cobler  of  Aggawam,  517. 
*Cow  Doctor,  246. 
*Ded.  Pavli,  302. 
*Es  tu  Scolaris,  540. 
*Gentleman's  Calling,  175. 

*  Historical  Reminiscences  of  O'Byrnes, 

O'Tooles,  and  other  Irish  chieftains, 
11. 

*Innocents,  a  drama,  272. 
Les  Lettres  Juives,  160. 


ANONYMOUS  WORKS  :  — 

Letter  to  a  Member  of  Parliament,  by 

W.  W.,  515. 
Liber  Passionis  Domini  nostri   Jesu 

Christi,447. 

*Li!eof  Lamenther,  173. 
*Lights,  Shadows,  and    Reflections  of 

Whigs  and  Tories,  245. 
Lounger's  Common-place  Book,  174. 

258. 

*Lydia,  or  Conversion,  76. 
Lyra  Aposrolica,  3C4  407. 
Marriage  in  High  Life,  590. 
Merciful  Judgment  of  High  Church, 

97.  160. 

*Negro's  Complaint,  246. 
*New  Holland,  Account  of  an  Expe- 
dition to,  271. 
Obsolete  Statutes:     A    Letter    to  a 

Member  of  Parliament,  562. 
^Original  Poems,  by  C.  R.,  541. 
*Otitlines  of  the  History  of  Theology, 

303. 

Pinch  of  Snuff,  408. 
*Posthumous  Parodies,  244. 
Rodondo,  or  the  State  Jugglers,  £89. 
Salmon's  Lives  of  English  Bishops, 

175. 

*Shipvv  recked  Lovers,  450. 
*SoomarokoflPs  Demetrius,  its  trans- 
lator, 246. 
Trevelyan,  590. 
Turks  in  Europe,  542. 
*VilIage  Lawyer,  4!>3. 
Whitelocke's  Memorials,  127. 
Whole  Duty  of  Man,  551. 
Wilkins  (Peter),  543. 

Ansareys  on  Mount  Lebanon,  169. 
Antipodes,  what  day  at  our  ?  288.- 
Antiquarian  documents,  513. 
Antiquaries,  Society  of,  annual  meeting, 

410  ;  their  collection  of  portraits,  138. 
Apocryphal  works,  542. 
Apparition  of  the  White  Lady,  431. 
*Apparition   which   preceded  the  Fire  of 

London,  541. 
Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  omission 

in,  44. 

Arabian  tales  and  their  sources,  319. 
Archaic  words.  491. 

Arch-Priest  of  Exeter,  105.  185.  312.  568. 
Aristotle  on  living  Law,  373.  457.  529. 
Armorial  queries,  598.  421. 
*Arms,  French  or  Flemish,  541. 


Arms,  royal,  in  churches,  527. 

*Army  lists  for  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 

centuries,  589. 

*Army,  scarlet  regimentals  of,  55. 
Artesian  wells,  222.  283.  499. 
Arthuriana,  371. 
*Arundel  (.Richard  Fitz-Alan,  ninth  earl), 

516. 

*Ascension-day  custom,  9. 
*Ascham  (  Roger),  his  letters,  588. 
Asgill  on  Translation  to  Heaven,  376. 
Ashmans,  pictures  at,  8(5. 
Ashton  (Ralph)  the  commander,  272.  325. 
A  ska  or  A  sea,  488. 
AsteroK.s,  or  recently  discovered  planets, 

36.  129. 

*Atchievement  in  Yorkshire,  349. 
Athens,  a  violeucrowned  city,  496  575. 
*Atherstone  family,  221. 
Atonement,  its  theological  use,  271.  503. 
Atterbury  (Bishop),  his  portrait,  163.  395. 
Augustine  on  clairvoyance,  511. 
Authors  and  publishers,  hint  to,  31. 
Authors,  remuneration  of,  404. 
Authors'  Trustee  Society,  269. 
Awkward,  its  etymology,  480. 
Awkward,  or  awart,  a  provincialism,  209. 


B.  ' 

Back,  Bristol  localities,  517. 

Bacon(Lord)  and  Bishop  Andrews,  466. 

*Bacon  (Lord)  and  Sir  Simon  D'Ewes,  76. 

Baker  (Thomas),  letter  to  Humphry  Wan- 
ley,  7. 

Balaam  box,  483. 

Bale  (John),  Bishop  of  Ossory,  324.  407. 

*Bale  (John),  his  work  on  libraries,  589. 

Ballina  Castle,  Mayo,  311. 

Barbour  (John),  Scottish  metrical  his- 
torian, 453. 

Barmecides'  feast.  543. 

Barrels  regiment,  63.  159.  545. 

Barrett  (Eaton  ttannard),  poem  on  Wo- 
man, 17. 

Barristers'  gowns,  323. 

*Bart  (Jeanl,  his  descent  on  Newcastle, 
451. 

Barton  (Mrs.  C.)  and  Lcrd  Halifax,  18. 

Bateman  (Christopher),  bookseller,  585. 

Bathurst  (Dr.),  Bishop  of  Norwich,  422. 

Battel  at  the  universities,  326. 

*Battles,  description  of,  wanted,  246.' 

Baxter  (Richard)  on  apparitions,  12.  62. 


600 


INDEX. 


B  xter  (Richard),  inscription  on  his  pulpit, 

31. 

B.  C.  Y.  characters,  149. 
Beattie  (Dr.)  on  the  English  liturgy,  466. 
Bee,  the  wandering,  370. 
Bees,  legends  respecting,  167. 

on  bartering  for,  446. 

Belgium  ecclesiastical  antiquities,  386. 

Bell  inscriptions,  109.  592. 

Bell  at  Rouen,  233.  529. 

Bell  literature,  240.  310. 

Bell,   why  tolled  on  leaving  church,  125. 

311.567. 

Belle  Sauvage,  its  derivation,  44..S9. 
Bellman  at  Newgate,  565. 
*Berkhampstead  records,  56. 
*Bersethrigumnue,  its  meaning,  373. 
Bible,  an  illustrated  one  of  1527,  352.  504. 
Bible,  Breeches,  an  imperfect  one,  273. 
Bible  Society  of  the  Roman  Catholics,  41. 

111. 
Bibles,  errata  in,  391. 

reprints  of  early,  487. 

Bickford  (Win.),  letter  to  Rev.  Mr.  Amory, 

7. 

Bigot,  its  derivation,  560. 
Binding  of  old  books,  how  polished,  401. 
Bingham's  Antiquities,  queries  in,  197-  308. 
*Bingham  (Sir  John)  noticed,  450. 
*Birds,  marvellous  combat  of,  303. 
Birm-bank,  its  derivation,  12. 
Bishops'  kennel  of  hounds,  247.  432. 

tombs,  146. 

*Black  cap  of  the  judges,  399. 
Blackguard,  its  original  meaning,  15.  153. 

503. 

Blase  (St.),  his  festival  at  Norwich,  353. 
*Blechenden  family,  422. 
Blessington  (Countess  of),  her  letter  to  Sir 

Wm.  Drummond,  268. 
B.  L.  M.,   Italian  subscription,  explained, 

43. 

Bloater  or  herring,  explained,  347. 
Bloet  (Robert)  noticed,  105.  181. 
Blue  Bell  and  Blue  Anchor,  sign,  86. 
Blue  Bells  of  Scotland,  209.  600. 
*  Board  of  Trade  in  seventeenth  century, 

562. 
•Bohemia  (Queen  of)  and  a  foreign  order, 

10. 

Bohme  (Jacob),  151. 
Bolle  (Sir  John)  of  Thorpe  Hall,  305. 
Books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  78.  226.  425. 
Books  in  parts  not  completed,  147.  258. 

BOOKS,  NOTICES  OP  NEW  :  — 

Ackerman's  Remains  of  Pagan  Saxon- 

dom,  313. 
Ada's    Thoughts,    or   the    Poetry    of 

Youth,  21. 
Addison's  Works,  by  Bishop  Kurd,  90. 

313.  458. 

Arundel  Society  publications,  289. 
Autograph  Miscellany,  90. 
Banfield's  Statistical  Companion,  458. 
Beauties  of  Byron,  21. 
Bell's  edition  of  the  British  Poets,  138. 

554. 

Bray's  Peep  at  the  Pixies,  21. 
Bristol,  Curiosities  of,  210. 
Brook's  Russians  of  the  South,  90. 
Conde's  Arabs  in  Spain,  410. 
Conversations  on  Geography,  289. 
Croker's  Correspondence    with    Lord 

John  Russell,  210. 
Custine  (M.  de)  upon  Russia,  289. 
D'Arblay's    Diary    and    Letters,  289. 

410.  433.  505. 
Darling's  Cyclopaedia   Bibliographica, 

66.  234.  313.  339.  458.  5.54. 
Dod's  Peerage  for  1854,  46. 
Dryden's  Works,  by  R.  Bell,  66.  458. 
Durriew's  Present  State  of  Morocco, 

433. 

Essays  from  The  Times,  410. 
Eyton's  Antiquities  of  Shropshire,  21. 
Foster's  Elements    of   Jurisprudence, 

2-.0. 

Gibbon's  Rome  (Bohn's),  163.  387. 
Gibbon's  Rome  (Murray's),  234.  338. 


BOOKS,  NOTICES  OF  NEW  : — 

Giffard's  Deeds  of  Naval  Daring,  433. 

Got  he's  Novels  and  Tales,  66. 

Goldsmith's  Works,  by  Peter  Cunning- 
ham, 45.  138.  4)8.  554. 

Harley  (Lady  Brilliana),  her  letters, 
210. 

Hunt's  Manual  of  Photography,  458. 

Journal  of  Classical  and  Sacred  Philo- 
logy, 289. 

Journal  of  Sacred  Literature,  66.  339. 

Keightley's  Mythology  of  Ancient 
Greece,  288. 

Lanman's  Adventures  in  North  Ame- 
rica, ^34. 

Lardner's  Museum  of  Science  and  Art, 
162. 

Lloyd  on  the  Shield  of  Achilles,  338. 

Locke's  Works,  505. 

Lower's  Contributions  to  Literature, 
162. 

Lushington's  Points  of  War,  505. 

Macaulay's  Critical  and  Historical 
Essays,  234.  339.  433.  554. 

Macaulay's  Speeches  on  Parliamentary 
Reform,  21. 

MacCabe's  Catholic  History  of  Eng- 
land, 504. 

Mantell's  Geological  Excursions,  162. 

Marley's  Life  of  Girolamo  Cardano, 
313. 

Munch's  Scandinavian  History,  410. 

Museum  of  Science  and  Art,  66. 

Netherclift's  Autograph  Miscellany, 
289. 

Pepys's  Diary  and  Correspondence, 
234. 

Petit's  Architectural  Studies  in  France, 
313. 

Pryce's  Memorials  of  the  Canynges,  138. 

Pulman's  Book  of  the  Axe,  387. 

Retrospective  Review,  162.  4.58. 

Reumont's  Carafas  of  Maddaloni,  210. 

Roll  of  the  Household  Expenses  of 
Richard  de  Swinfield,  4.58. 

St.  George's  Visitation  of  Northumber- 
land, 21. 

Scott's  Poet's  Children,  505. 

Smee  on  t he  Eye,  338. 

Smith  Sydney),  his  writings,  554. 

Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Ro- 
man Geography,  66. 

Southey's  Works  and  Correspondence 
of  Cowper,  313.  339. 

Stratford  Shakspeare,  by  C.  Knight,  90. 

Strickland's  Lives  of  the  Queens,  162. 
313.  339.  458.  554. 

Tieck's  Midsummer  Night,  289. 

Timbs's  Curiosities  of  London,  21. 

Trollope's  Illustrations  of  Ancient 
Art,  162. 

Ure's  Dictionary  of  Arts,  &c.,  288. 

Waagen's  Treasures  of  Art  in  Great 
Britain,  433. 

Wadaington  on  John  Penry  the 
martyr,  410. 

Witfen's  Tasso's  Jerusalem,  387. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Deutsche  Mythologie 
und  Sittenkunde,  505. 

Books,  on  mutifating,  585. 

varnish  for  old,  423. 

Booty's  case,  ,137. 

Bosvill  (Ralph)  of  Bradbourn,  Kent,  467. 

Botanic  names,  their  derivation,  537. 

Bothy  system,  305.  432.  527. 

Botiller  (Theobald  le),  336. 

Bourbons,  the  fusion  of  the,  323.  431. 

Bowly  (Devreux),  horologist,  173.  285. 

*Boyle  family,  494. 

*Braddock  (Gen.)  noticed,  11.  562. 

Bradford  (John)  the  martyr,  his  writings, 

449.  552. 

*Bragge  (Dr.)  noticed,  126. 
Braithwait  (Richard),  163. 
Branks,  or  gossips'  bridles,  149.  336.  578. 
Brass  in  All  Saints,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 

273. 
Brasses,  monumental,  on  their  destruction, 

268.  326. 


Breeches  Bible,  an  imperfect  one,  273. 
*Brerewood  (Edward),  his  portrait,  173. 
Bribery,  the  first  instance,  447. 
*Brighton  old  church,  hand  in  chancel, 

148. 

Brill  near  old  St.  Pancras  Church,  288. 
*Bristol  compliment,  541. 
*Britons,  works  on  the  early,  399. 
Brooks  (Rev.  Joshua)  noticed,  64. 
Broom  at  the  mast-head,  518. 
Brothers  of  the  same  Christian  name,  43. 

185. 

Brown  (Robert)  the  separatist,  494.  572. 
Brown  (,Sir  Ad*m  and  Sir  Ambrose),  564. 
Browne  (Francis)  noticed,  41. 
Browne  (Sir  T.)  and  Bishop  Ken,  220. 
Bruce,  Robert  I,  his  acts  and  life,  452. 
Brydone  the   tourist,  his  birth-place,  138. 

255.  305.  432.  496. 
Buckle,  its  meaning,  576. 
*Bunn's  Old  England  and  New  England, 

451. 
Bunyan  (John),  his  manuscripts,  104.  125. 

descendants,  223. 

Buonaparte's  abdication,  51.  183. 
Burial  in  erect  posture,  88.  279.  407. 
Burial  service  tradition,  451.  550. 
Burke  (Edmund),  his  domestic  letters,  9. 

207. 
Burnet  (Bishop),  his  character,  448. ;  no- 

ticed,  175. 

Burton  family,  19.  183. 
Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  191.  333. 
*Butler  (Colonel)  noticed,  422. 
Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints,  various  edi- 
tions, 360. 

*Button  Cap,  his  legend,  272. 
"  -by,"  as  a  termination,  136. 522. 
Byron  and  Rochefoucauld,  347.  553. 
Byron's  Childe  Harold,  481. 
Byron,  the  fifth  Lord,  noticed,  18.  232. 


C. 


Cabbages,  when  introduced  into  England, 
424.  578. 

Calchanti,  its  meaning,  36.  84.  183. 

Caldecott's  Translation  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, 600. 

Calves'- head  club,  15.  88. 

Cambridge  Mathematical  Questions,  35. 
184.  338. 

Cambridge  Supernatural  Phenomena  So- 
ciety, 150, 

Camden  Society  Annual  Meeting,  433. 

Memorial  on  the  Prerogative  Office, 

215. 

Came,  its  early  use,  82.  112. 

Campbell  (Thomas)  quoted,  73. 

Canaletto's  views  round  London,  106.  288. 
337. 

Canne's  Bible  of  1756,  563. 

Cant,  origin  of  the  word,  103. 

Canterbury  see,  its  privileges,  286. 

Canting  arms,  146.  2:56. 

Caps  at  Cambridge,  27.  130. 

Captain,  Latinized,  543. 

"  Captivate,"  its  original  meaning,  8. 

Carausius,  his  supposed  coin,  148.  287. 

Carcases,  productions  of  different,  227. 

Caricature  :  A  Canterbury  Tale,  351.  433. 

*Carlos  (Sir  Wm.),  his  arms  and  motto,  10. 

Carlos  or  Careless  (William),  monumental 
inscription,  305. 

Card  of  the  kings,  53. 

Carronade,  its  derivation,  246.  408. 

Cash,  its  derivation,  66. 

Cassie,  a  corruption  of  Causeway,  396.  574. 

Cassiterides,  origin  of  the  name,  64.  111. 

Cassock  of  the  clergy,  101.  337.  479. 

Cattle,  disease  among,  445. 

Cawley  the  regicide,  247.  361. 

Celt,  its  derivation,  86. 

Celtic  and  Latin  languages,  14.  137.  356. 
492. 

Celtic  etymology,  40.  136.  205. 

*Celtic  in  Devon,  373. 

Cephas,  a  binder,  and  not  a  rock,  368.  500. 


INDEX. 


607 


Centum  sign,  451. 

*Chadderton  of  Nuthurst,  303. 

*Chair,  or  char,  a  provincialism,  351. 

Chamisso's  poem  quoted,  393. 

Chapel  Sunday,  527. 

Charles  I.  at  Little  Woolford,  219. 

*Charles  I.,  his  commission  at  Oxford,  495. 

his  officers,  74.  286X 

Charles  II.,  his  letters  to  the  Grand  Mas- 
ters of  Malta,  263.  266.  442. 
Charles  (Prince),  his  attendants  in  Spain, 

272.  334. 

Charming  in  Hampshire,  446. 
Charteris  (Col.)  noticed,  115. 
Chattel  property  in  Ireland,  394. 
Chauncy,  or  Chancy,  noticed,  126.  286. 
Chess,  antiquity  of  the  game,  2i>4. 
Children  by  one  mother,  18ri.  572. 
Children  crying  at  their  birth,  343. 
"  Children  4n  the  Wood,"  the  scene  of, 

305. 

*Chintz  gowns,  397- 
Chisels,  stone,  321. 

*  "  Chopping  the  tree"  at  Oxford, 468. 
Christ-cross  row,  162.  231. 
Christ's  or  Cris-cross  row,  457. 
Christian  names  doubled,  45.  232.  359. 
*Christmas  ballad,  325. 
Chronograms,  11.  60. 
Church  porch,  right  of  refuge  in,  325.597. 
Church  towers  detached,  20. 
Church  usages,  ancient,  127-  257.  566. 
Churches  in  Domesday  Book,  355. 
Churches  in  the  City  of  London,  a  plea 

for,  51. 

Churchill's  grave,  123.  2.34.  334. 
Churching  custom  in  Hampshire,  446. 
Cicero  quoted,  111. 
CUs,  cissle,  &c.,  148.  334. 
Clairvoyance  noticed  by  St.  Augustine,  511. 
Clare  legends,  73.  145.  490. 
Clarence  dukedom,  45.  85.  224. 
Clarendon  (Lord)  and  the  tubwoman,  45. 
Clarke  (Ur.  E.  D.),  his  Charts  of  the  Black 

Sea,  132.  456. 

Classic  authors  and  the  Jews,  221.  384.  478. 
*Clendon  (John)  noticed,  56. 
Clito,  its  meaning,  459. 
*Clock,  an  ancient  one,  302. 
Clubs,  origin  of,  327.  383. 
Clunk,  its  meaning,  208. 
Cobb  family,  272.  409. 
Cock-and-bull  story,  209. 
Coincidences,  466. 
Cold- Harbour,  107. 

Cole  (J.  W.),  his  edition  of  Othello,  375.! 
Coleridge's  Christabel,  455.  529. 

unpublished  MSS.,  496.  54'3.  591. 

Coleshill,  ancient  custom  at,  376. 
*Collis  (Thomas)  noticed,  56. 
*Columbarium  in  a  church  tower,  541. 
Commin  (Faithful),  515.  578. 
"  Commons  of  Ireland  before  the  Union," 

35.  160. 

Conduitt  and  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  195. 
Conjunctions  joining  propositions,  180.  279. 
Consilium  novem  delectorum  Cardinalium, 

&c.,  127.  252.  380.  518. 
*Consolato  del  Mare,  271. 
*Constable  of  Masham,  198. 
Convocation  and  the  Propagation  Society, 

*Con vocation,  perpetual  curates  not  repre- 
sented in,  351. 

Convocation,  the  position  of  suffragan 
bishops  in,  35. 

Cook  (Capt.),  his  pedigree,  423. 

Copernicus,   inscription  on  his  tomb,  447. 

•Corbet,  a  Scottish  family,  515. 
Cornwalls  of  London,  304.  576. 
Coronation  custom,  453. 

stone,  123   328. 

Coroner's  inquests,  483. 

Corporation  enactments,  300.  528.  553. 

"  Corporations  have  no  souls,"  &c'.,  284. 

431. 

Corpulence  a  crime,  196. 
Cotterell  (Sir  Charles)  noticed,  19".  208. 


Cottoner  (Ralph),  Grand  Master  at  Malta, 

264. 

*Courtney  family,  450. 
*Cowperiana,  421. 
*Crabb  of  Telstord,  125. 
*Crabbe  (Rev.  Geo.),  his  manuscripts,  35. 
Crampette,  in  heraldry,  459. 
Cranmer's  Bible,  111.  334. 

martyrdom,  392.  547.  590. 

Crecy,  the  Irish  at  the  battle  of,  517. 
Crenellate,  licences  to,  220.  276. 
*Crewkerne  (  Henry)  of  Exeter,  467. 
Cromwell     (Bridget),     her     children    by 

Fleetwood,  36. 

Cromwell  (Oliver),  his  Carriages,  87.  306. 
Cromwellian  documents  in  Lambeth  Palace, 

386. 

Cromwellian  gloves,  538. 
Cross,  its  anticipatory  use,  360. 
Culet  explained,  36. 
*Cunninghame  (Mr.  P.)  noticed,  75. 
Curiosities  of  Literature,  some  recent  ones, 

31.  136.  475.  ' 


D. 


Dannocks,  its  derivation,  272. 

*  Dante  in  Latin,  467. 
*D,ircy  of  Flatten,  247. 

Dartmouth  (first  Lord),  his  monument,  51. 
Darwin  on  Steam,  271.  408. 
*Dates  of  published  works,  148. 
Daughters  taking  their   mothers'  names, 

20.  230. 

David's  mother,  42. 

D' Aye  ( Robert),  Cromwell's  descendant,  88. 
Dead,  society  for  burning  the,  76. 
Death-warnings  in  ancient  families,  55. 114. 

150.  335. 

De  Beauvoir  pedigree,  349.  596. 
Defoe  (Daniel)  on  apparitions,  12.  62. 
*Degrees  in  Arts  at  Edinburgh,  304. 
*De  Gurney  pedigree,  324. 
*De  la  Fond,  inscription  on  his  engraving, 

272. 
De  Lauragnois  (Due),  a  marvellous  story 

of  his  wife,  538. 
Dennis  and  Pope,  223. 
*Denny  (Honoria,  daughter  of  Lord),  451. 
Dereham  manor  alienated,  304. 
*Dc  Rons  family,  222. 
Despatches,  sententious,  171. 
Devil  Tavern  club,  327. 
*Dilamgabendi,  its  meaning,  516. 
*Dinteville  family,  198. 
Diseases,  non-recurring,  38. 
Divining  rod,  386. 
Divinity  professorships,  585. 
Dixon  of  Beeston,  221.  271. 
*Dixon's  Yorkshire  Dales,  148. 
Dobbs,  Francis,  a  prophet,  71. 
Dobney's  Bowling-green,  375.  572. 
Docwra  (Sir  Thomas),  grand  prior,  298. 
Dog  Latin,  601. 

Dog-whippers  in  churches,  349.  499. 
Dog- whipping  in  Hull,  64. 
Dogs  in  monumental  brasses,  126.  249.  312. 
D.  O.  M.  explained,  137.  286. 
Domestic  architecture,  220. 

chapels,  219. 

*Dominus,  the  title,  222. 
Dorset,  a  beverage,  247.  31 L 
Dosa  (George  and  Luke),  5?. 
Dragons'  blood,  242. 
Drainage  by  machinery,  183. 

*  Dramatic  and  Poetical  Works,  173. 
Dress  of  the  ancient  Scottish  females,  271. 

502. 

Druidism,  materials  for  a  history  of,  219. 
Drummond   (Sir    Wm.),   the  Countess   of 

Blessington's  letter  to  him,  26S. 
Dryden  (John)  on  Shakspeare,  95. 
Dryden  and  Luke  Milbourne,  563. 
Dublin  maps,  174.  287. 
*l)ul>lin  volunteers,  print  of,  541. 
Ducking-stool,  232. 
*Dumfries,  lithographed  view  of,  516. 


Duncon  (Dr.  Eleazar),  his  death,  66.  184. 

359.  » 

Dutch  East  India  Company,  93, 
Dutch,  high  and  low,  132. 
Duval  family,  285. 


E. 


*Eastern  church,  the  episcopal  insignia  of, 

222. 

Eastern  question,  24*. 
Echo  poetry,  a  dialogue,  51.  153. 
Eclipse  in  the  year  1263,  17.  359.  480. 
Eden  pedigree  and  arms,  175. 
Eden  (Robert),  Prebendary  of  Winchester, 

374.  553. 

*Egger  moths,  148. 
Electric  telegraph,  its  inventor,  274. 

at  police  stations,  270.  360. 

Eliminate,  its  original  signification,  119. 
Elizabeth  (Queen)  and  the  Earl  of  Essex, 

Elstob  (Elizabeth),  her  burial-place,  7.  200. 

Elstob  family,  553. 

Embost,  in  hunting,  459. 

Enareans,  101.  337.  479. 

Encore,  601. 

Encyclopaedia  of  Indexes,  371.  527. 

Enfield  Church,  287. 

Engravings,  early  German,  57.  565. 

EPIGRAMS  :  — 

falsely  ascribed  to  Herbert,  301. 

four  lawyers,  103. 

GarriCk's  funeral,  529. 

Greek,  89. 

Handel  and  Bononcini,  445.  550. 

how  D.D.  swaggers,  M.D.  rolls,  504. 

Pope's  on  Dennis,  223. 

EPITAPHS  :  — 

Chambers,  a  dancing-master,  54. 
Churchill  the  poet,  123. 
cpitaphium  Lucretise,  112. 
Garter  King  at  Arms,  122. 
Henbury,  in  Gloucestershire,  492. 
Howleglass,  88. 
Kelly  (Patrick),  54. 
Kingston* Seymour,  in  Somersetshire, 

492. 

Lavenham  Chufch,  369. 
Morwenstow  churchyard,  481. 
"  Myself,"  270.  430. 
Pisa,  368. 
Politian's,  62. 
Prior's  on  himself,  283. 
Shoreditch  churchyard,  369. 
Tellingham  Church,  Essex,  9. 
Whittlebury  Churchyard,  122. 

Eternal  life,  122. 

Etiquette,  origin  of  the  word,  106. 
Euler's  analytical  treasures,  75. 
Exposition  by  Cornelius  3  Lapide,  512. 
Eyre  (Capt.  John),  his  drawings,  207.  258. 


F. 


Fairfax  (Lord),  inquiries  respecting,   10. 

156.  379.  572. 
Families,  large,  419.  422. 
*Farrant's  anthem,  "Lord,  for  thy  tender 

mercies'  sake,"  9. 
*Farre  (Captain),  noticed,  32< 
*Farrington  s  views,  467. 
Fata  Morgana,  267. 

Faussett  collection  of  antiquities, '386.  554. 
*Fawell  arms  and  crest,  374. 
Felbrigge  (Sir  G.),  inscription  on  his  brass, 

3'J6. 

*Female  aide-major,  397. 
Female  parish  clerks,  162.  431. 
Ferdinand  Charles  III.,  Duke  of  Parma, 

417. 

Field's  Bible  of  1658,563. 
Fifteenths,  or  fystens,  176. 
Fire-arms,  antiquity  of,  80. 
*Fitzgerald  (Edward),  494. 


608 


INDEX. 


Fitzherbert  (Sir  Anthony),  not  Chief  Jus- 

tice,  285. 

*Flasks  for  wine-bottles,  3(*. 
Fleet  prison  officers,  76.  160. 
Fleurs-de-lys,  three,  35.  84.  113.  225. 
Floral  Directories,  Catholic,  568. 
Florins  and  the  royal  arms,  59. 

FOLK  LORE,  73.  24-2.  344.  446.  536. 
Devonshire,  344. 
Hampshire,  446. 
Herefordshire,  242. 
Somersetshire,  536. 
newspaper,  29.  84.  276.  523. 

*Foreign  orders,  10. 
Forensic  jocularities,  538. 
Forlorn  hope,  explained,  43.  161. 
Forms  of  Prayer,  Occasional,  404. 

*  "  Forms  of  Public  Meetings,"  174. 
Forster  (Dr.),  and  his  Floral  Works,  569. 
Fountains  in  foreign  parts,  517. 
Fox-hunting,  307. 

*Fox  (Sir  Stephen)  noticed,  271. 
Foxes  and  Firebrands,  96. 
Francklyn  Household  Book,  422.  575. 

*  Frankincense  in  churches,  349. 
Fraser  (General),  161.  431. 
*Freemasonry,  on  the  eligibility  of  deaf  and 

dumb  persons,  542. 

*Freemasons,  the  alibenistic  order  of,  55. 
Freher  (Dionysius  Andreas),  151. 
French  refugees  in  Spitalfields,  516. 
French  season  and  weather  rhymes,  9.  277. 
*Fresick  and  Freswick,  174. 
Friends,  their  longevity,  243. 
*Froissart,  passage  on  the  Black  Prince, 

374. 

Funeral  customs,  257.  566. 
—  in  Middle  Ages,  89. 
Fynnon  Vair,  or  the  Well  of  our  Lady,  376. 


G. 

Gage  (Gen.  Thomas)  noticed,  12. 

Gale  of  rent,  408. 

Garble,  its  present  corruption,  243. 359. 407. 

Garlands,  broadsheets,  &c.,  347. 

*Garlic  Sunday,  its  origin,  34. 

Gar  rick's  funeral  epigram,  5-29. 

Gay  (John),  his  Acis  and  Galatea,  12. 

Gazette  de  Londres,  86. 

Geering  (Richard),  337. 

*Genesis  iv.  7.,  371. 

Geneva  arms,  44.  110. 

Geometrical  curiosity,  14. 

George  (Chevalier  de  St.),  his  medal,  105. 

311.479. 
George    III.     baptized,     married,     and 

crowned  by  one  prelate,  447. 
George  IV.  and  Duke  of  York,  244.  338. 

431. 

Gerard  (Charles)  temp.  Charles  II.,  483. 
German  tree,  65.  136. 
Gerson   (John),    supposed  author   of   De 

Imitatione,  87.  202. 
Gibbon  (Edward)  and  his  father,  511. 
Gispen,  a  leathern  pot,  459. 
*Glass  quarries,  initials  in,  515. 
*Glencairn  (Earl  of)  noticed,  452. 
*Glossaries,  provincial,  in  MS.,  303. 
"  Gloucester,"  wrecked,  87. 
Glutton  and  Echo,  dialogue  between,  51. 
*Gnats,  battle  of  the,  303. 
"  God's  acre,"  492. 

Goldsmith  (Oliver),  translation  from,  59. 
Goloshes,  origin  of  the  name,  304.  470. 
Gosling  family,  82. 

Gossip,  or  sponsor,  examples  of  its  use,  399. 
Gossiping  history,  23'J. 
Government  patronage,  its  abolition,  466. 
Governor-General    of   India,    his    official 

style,  3-27. 

Gowor  (John)  the  poet,  his  marriage  li- 
cence, 487. 

Grafts  and  the  parent  tree,  327. 
Grammar  in  relation  to  logic,  21.  180.  279. 
Grammar  School  of  St.  Mary  de  Crypt,  its 

master  in  1728,  590. 


Grammars  for  public  schools,  8.  81.  209.  478. 
Grammont's  Memoirs,  3.  204.  356.  583. 
Granby  ( Marquis  of),  popular  sign,  127. 360. 

*Graves  of  the  Anglo-Saxons,  494. 

Greek  denounced  by  the  monks,  467.  600. 

Green  eves,  112.  432.     , 

*Green  stockings,  398. 

Greenock  fair,  custom  at,  242.  338. 

Gresebrook,  in  Yorkshire,  285. 

Grey  (Henry),  Duke  of  Suffolk,  his  head, 

*Grey  (Lady  Jane),  her  burial-place,  373. 
*Griesbach  arms,  350. 
Griffin  s   Fidessa,  and   Shakspeare's   Pas- 
sionate Pilgrim,  27. 
*Grose  (Francis)  the  antiquary,  350. 
Gutta  percha  made  soluble,  3.50.  527. 
*Guye,  or  Gye,  of  the  Temple,  35. 

H. 

Haas  (Mr.)  the  sand-painter ,'217. 

Haddon  Hall,  the  heiress  of,  452. 

Halcyon  days,  its  derivation,  249. 

Hale  (Sir  Matthew),  his  descendants,  77. 
160. 

Halifax  (Lord)  and  Mrs.  C.  Barton,  18. 

*Hall  i, Rev.  Robert),  temp.  James  II.,  76. 

Hallsal,  its  salubrity,  495. 

Hamilton  (Comte  Antoine)  noticed,"3. 356. 
584. 

Hampton  Court  pictures,  19.  85. 

Handbells  at  funerals,  478. 

Handel,  hymn  attributed  to,  303. 573. 

Handwriting,  works  on,  283. 

Hanging,  has  execution  by  hanging  been 
survived  ?  174.  280.  4*3. 

Hardman's  Account  of  Waterloo,  176  -355. 
629. 

*Harington  (Lady),  her  pedigree,  76.       f 

Harington  (Lord)  noticed,  336. 

*  Harrison  the  regicide,  350. 

Hatherleigh  Moor,  Devon,  538. 

*Haviland  family,  399. 

*Hay-bread  recipe,  325. 

Hayes  (Dr.  Philip)  noticed,  542. 

Haynau  (Gen.),  his  corpse,  171. 

*Hayware  (Richard)  noticed,  373. 

Hebrew  music,  242. 

Henry  of  Huntingdon's  letter  to  Walter, 
371. 

Henry  L,  his  arm  the  yard  measure,  200. 

Henry  IV.  of  France,  his  title  to  the  crown, 
10G. 

Henry  VIII.,  his  letters  to  the  Grand  Mas- 
ters of  Malta,  99. 

Heraldic  anomaly,  29a  430.  578. 

Heraldic  queries,  271.  325.  352.  480. 

Heraldic  Scotch  grievance,  74.  160. 

Heralds,  a  puzzle  for  them,  513. 

Heralds'  College,  469.;  its  first  members, 
248. 

Herbert  (George),  epigram  ascribed  to  him, 
301. 

Church  Porch,  173.  566. 

Helga,  273. 

on  Hope,  541. 

Hervie  (Christopher)  noticed,  272. 

Hiel  the  Bethelite,  452. 

Highland  regiment,  493. 

Hint  by  a  blacksmith  of  Tideswell,  197. 

"  Hip,  hip,  hurrah  !  "  386. 

History,  impossibilities  of,  392.  547.  590. 

Hobbes  (Thomas),  his  Behemoth,  77.  322. 

H;>by  family,  their  portraits,  &c.,  19.  58. 

Hodgson's  (Itev.F.)  translation  of  the  Atys 
ot  Catullus,  19.  87. 

Hoglandia,  362. 

Hogmanay,  its  derivation,  495. 

*Holland,  its  derivation,  421. 

Holy-loaf  money,  150.  256.  568. 

*Holy  Thursday  rain-water,  542. 

Holy  Trinity  Church,  Minories,  51. 

Hooker  (Richard),  queries  in,  77. 

*Hooper  (Bishop)  on  the  vestment  contro- 
versy, 221. 

*Hopsbn  (Admiral)  noticed,  172. 


Hour-glass  stands,  64.  135.  162.  252. 

"  Hovd  maet  of  laet,"  its  translation,  14S. 

257. 

Hoveden,  mistranslation  in,  113. 
Howleglass's  epitaph,  88. 
Hue's  Travels,  19. 
Huntbach  manuscripts,  149. 
*  Hunters  of  Polmood,  their  pedigree,  198. 
Hydropathy,  395.  575. 
Hydrophobia,  cure  for,  322. 


Iceland,  communications  with,  53. 
Imp,  used  for  progeny,  113.  527. 
Imprints,  remarkable,  143. 
Indexes,  or  Tables  of  Contents,  Encyclo- 
paedia of,  371. 

Infant  school,  inscription  for  one,  147. 
Inglis  (Bishop)  of  Nova  Scotia,  527. 
Ingulph's  Chronicle,  an  error  in,  301. 
initiative,  when  first  used,  271. 
*Ink,  fading,  199. 
Intnan  or  Ingman  family,  198.  353. 
Inn  signs,  148.  251.  35U.  494. 

INSCRIPTIONS  on  Bells,  109.  592. 
buok,  122. 
buildings,  492.  552. 
Carlos,  or  Careless  (William),  305. 
curious  one,  3ri9. 
door-head,  89. 

Homers  Held,  in  Suffolk,  270.  430. 
Lindsey  Court-house,  492.  552.  602. 
Llangollen,  North  Wales,  513. 
pulpit,  31.  135. 
St.  Stephen's,  Ipswich,  270. 

Insects  in  the  human  stomach,  523. 
Irish  law  in  the  eighteenth  century,  270. 
427. 

legislation,  244, 

records,  536. 

"  Isle  of  Beauty,"  by  T.  H.  Bayly,  453. 
Isolated,  its  modern  use,  171. 


J. 


Jacobite  club,  300. 

garters,  52*. 

Jacob's  stone,  124.  < 

James  II.,  his  army  list,  30.  401.  544. 

*Jewish  names  from  animals,  374. 

Jews  and  Egyptians,  34. 

Job  xix.  26.  literally  translated,  303.  428. 

John  (King)  in  Lancashire,  453.  5.;0. 

John  of  Gaunt,  his  descendants,  432.  576. 

John  of  Jerusalem.Order  of, SO.  99.  263.  333 

417.  442. 
*John  of  Jerusalem,  proceedings   of  the 

Hospital,  451. 

*  Johnson  (Or.)  and  the  mad  bull,  467. 
Jonson  (Ben),  epigram  "  Inviting  a  friend 

to  supper,"  440. 

*Judges  practising  at  the  bar,  450. 
Judicial  rank  hereditary,  311. 
Juniper  as  a  cant  phrase,  224. 
Junius,  Bohn's  reprint  of  WoodfaU's  edi- 
tion, 584. 

the  vellum-bound,  74- 

Justice,  Russian,  74. 


K. 


Kalydor,  Italian,  537. 

Keate  family,  19. 

*  Keats  (John),  his  poems,  421. 

*Kemerton  Church,  its  dedication,  271. 

*Kemp  (Richard)  noticed,  373. 

Kempis  (Thomas  a),  De   Imitatione,  87. 

203. 
Ken  (Bishop)  and  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  220. 

258. 

Kennington  Common,  295.  3fi7. 
*Kieten  (Nicholas)  the  giant,  398. 
*Killigrew  family,  199. 
King's  prerogative,  247. 


INDEX. 


609 


Kirkpatrick's  MSS.  of  Norwich,  515.  564. 
•Kitchen  (Anthony),  his  arms,  350. 
Knight's  Quarterly  Magazine,  contributors 

to,  103.  334. 

Knight's  numismatic  collections,  9. 
Knightlow  Cross  in  Warwickshire,  448. 
"  Knobstick,"  as  used  by  trades'   unions, 

373. 

Kutchin-kutchu,  304. 
*Kynoch  families,  148. 


L. 


Laclylift,  a  clump  of  trees,  53. 

*Lamb  (Charles),  his  birthplace,  5f>2. 

Largesse,  a  provincialism,  209.  408. 

La  Rochefoucauld,  320. 

Launch  of  the  "  Prince  Royal"  in  1610, 

46ft. 

Laurie  on  Finance,  42. 
*Lavidian,  a  fish,  398. 
Law  (Edward),  lines  on  his  being  made 

Chief  Justice,  396. 
Lawless  Court,  Rochford,  Essex,  11. 
Lawyers'  bags,  20.  41. 
Lawyers,  epigram  on  four,  103. 
*Leapor  (Mary),  tragedy  by,  104. 
Le  Compdre  Mathieu,  480. 
*Leeming  Hall,  near  Liverpool,  351. ' 
Legal  customs,  £0.  41. 
Legend,  its  use  defended,  44. 
*Leger  (Col.  St.)  noticed,  76. 
Legh  (Sir  Urian)  of  Adlington,  305. 
Leicester  as  ranger  of  Snowdon,  125.353. 
Leicester  (Robert  Dudley,  eleventh  Earl 

of),  105.  160.  3:34. 

Leighton  (Abp.),  his  burial-place, 8. 
*Lemying  (Christopher)  of  Burneston,  325. 
Leslie  (Charles)  and  Dr.  Middleton,  324. 

575. 

Lessius  (Leonard),  his  Hygiasticon,  52. 
Letters,  Irish,  Anglo-Saxon,  &c.,  246  361. 
Letters  of  eminent  literary  men,  7.  28. 
Lewis  family,  86. 
*Lewis  (Jenkin),  his  Memoirs  of  the  Duke 

of  Gloucester,  its  editor,  542. 
"  Liber    Passionis     Domini    nostri    Jesu 

Christi,"  446. 

Lich field  Bower,  or  Wappenschau,  338. 
Life  and  death,  226.  481.  592. 
Life-belts,  348. 

Life,  on  living  over  again,  591. 
Lightfoot  (Anna),  ^33. 
Lignites,  what?  422.477. 
Lincoln  episcopal  registers,  extracts  from, 

513. 
Lindsey  Court-house,  inscription  on,  492. 

552.  602. 

*Linna?an  medal,  374. 
*Lipyeatt  family.  349. 
Literary  curiosities,  31. 
Literature  (English),  its  components,  24t. 

*  Liveries,  red  and  scarlet,  1^6. 
*Loike(John),  his  pedigree,  493. 
Lode,  its  meaning,  233. 

Lodge  (Edmund)  the  herald,  453. 

Logan  or  rocking  stones,  561.  , 

London  Churches,  a  plea  for,  51. 

*  London  Corporation,  custom  of,  34. 
*Loniion  Corporation,  query  for,  77- 

fortifications,  174.  "2-  1.  258. 

Longfellow  families,  174.  ii55<  424. 
Hyperion,  495.  602. 

originality,  77. 

— —  Reaper  and  the  Flowers,  63. 
Long  Parliament,  lists  of  its  members,  423. 
Lovelace  (Richard),  his  Lucasta, 208. 
*Lowle  family,  350. 
*Lowth  cf  Sawtrey,  374. 
Lucifer,  palace  of,  233. 
*Ludwell  (Thomas)  noticed,  373. 
"  Luke's  iron  crown,"  57. 
*Lunsford  (Sir  Thomas)  noticed,  373. 
Luther  (Martin),  his  bust,  21. 
Lyon  (William),  Bishop  of  Cork,  192.' 
"  Lyra  Apostolica."  its  authors  and  motto, 
3u4.  407. 


Lyra's  Commentary,  323.  503. 
Lysons'  manuscripts,  57. 


M. 


M.  A.  and  A.  M.  degree,  475.  599. 

Macanlay  (T.  B  )  in  error,  196. 

*MacGregor  (Helen)  noticed,  350. 

Machyn  (Henry)  noticed,  483. 

*Mackerel,  blind,  245. 

Mackey  (Samson  Arnold),  89.  179. 

Macklin  and  Pope,  1'39. 

Madden's  Reflections  and  Resolutions,  199. 

*. Maid  of  Orleans,  374. 

Mairdil  or  mardle,  233.  336. 

*Maisterson's  Lords'  descents,  76. 

Majority,  the  attainment  of,  18  81. 

Maltese  knights,  80.  99  263.  3/33.  417.  442. 

Mnrnmet,  its  derivation,  43.  82. 

Man  in  the  moon,  184. 

Mantel-piece,  its  origin,  302.  385.  576. 

*M;uiiiscript  catena,  33. 

Maps,  dates  of,  3!t6.  553. 

Market  crosses,  2l»9. 

Marmortinto,  or  sand-painting,  217.  327. 

Marriage  agreement,  a  curious  one,  193. 

ceremony  in  the  fourteenth  century, 

33.  84. 

Marston  and  Erasmus,  513. 
*Maityrs  feeling  pain,  24  o.  590. 
*Mary  Queen  of  Scots  at  Anchincas,  325. 
Mathew,  a  Cornish  family,  222.  289.  551. 
Mattaire  (Michael),  letter  to  Earl  of  Ox- 

lord,  28. 

Matthew  of  Westminster,  Bohn's  edition,  8. 
Mawkin,  a  scarecrow,  303.  385.  601. 

*  May-day  custom,  516. 
*Maydenburi,516. 

Mayor  of  London  a  Privy  Councillor,  137. 

158. 
Mazarin  (Duchess  of),    her    monument, 

249. 

Medal  of  Queen  Anne,  399. 
*Medicine,  Eastern  practice  of,  198. 
Meols,  name  of  a  parish,  409,  553. 
*Mereworth  Castle,  Kent,  124. 
Mermaid  Tavern  club,  327. 
Merryweather's  Tempest    Prognosticate^ 

273. 
Middleton's  Tragi-Comedy,  the  "  Witch," 

its  music,  196. 

Milbourne  (Luke)  and  Dryden,  563. 
Miller  (James)  noticed,  496. 
"  Milton  Blind,"  a  poem,  395. 
Milton's  correspondence,  504. 

widow,  38.  225. 

Minshull  (Richard)  noticed,  38.  225. 
Mirabeau,  Talleyrand,  and  Fouchfe,  their 

Memoirs,  542. 
Miser,  its  original  and  present  meaning, 

12.  161. 

Mob,  its  derivation,  601. 
Monaldeschi,  233. 

Money,  its  value  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, 375.  478. 
Monicke  (Dr.),  his  Notes  and  Queries  on 

the  Ormulum,  465. 
Monster  found  at  Maidstone,  106. 
Monteith  bowl,  45.'.  599. 
Monumental  brasses  in  London,  200. 
•Monumental  figures,  cross-legged,  on  the 

Continent,  77. 
Moon  superstitions,  4^0. 

*  Moral  philosophy,  writers  on,  351. 
*Morant  (Rev.  Philip),  his  lineage,  34. 
Morant  (Sir  John),  his  pedigree,  56.  250. 
More  (Sir  Thomas)  and  equity  suitors,  420. 
Morrice  (Sir  Win.)  his  papers,  7. 
Morwenna,  lines  on  the  Minster  of,  17.  83. 

135. 

Mother  Russel's  post,  299. 
Motto  on  an  old  damask,  11. 
Mount  Mill  and  London  fortifications,  174. 

207.  256  2S8. 

Mousehunt  described,  65.  135.  385.  477.  602. 
Muffins  and  crumpets,  origin  of,  77.  2u8. 
MuftH  worn  by  gentlemen,  90. 
*Mummy  chests,  42:i. 


*  Mustard,  proclamation  for  making,  450. 
Myddleton  (Sir   Hugh),  his   burial-place, 

495. 
Myrtle  bee,  205.  602. 


N. 


*Nails,  the  master  of  the,  at  Chatham,  36. 
Namby-pamby,  161. 
Names  assumed,  32. 

long,  312. 

reversible,  184.  285. 

Napoleon's  spelling,  203. 

Narbrough  (Sir  John)  noticed,  418. 

Nash  (Beau),  lines  on  visiting  his  palace, 

146. 

Nattochiis,  its  meaning,  36.  84.  183. 
*Naval  atrocities,  10. 
"  Ned  o'  the  Todding,"  36.  135. 
Nelson  (Lord),  inedited  letters  of,  241.  337. 
344. 

his  death,  297. 

"  -ness,"  as  a  termination,  522. 

Newman   (Professor)    on    the  Celtic    Ian* 

guage,  353. 

Newspaper  folk  lore,  29.  84.  276.  523. 
Newspaper  (foreign)  leaders,  218.  463. 
Newton  and  Milton,  122. 
New  Zealander  and  Westminster  Bridge, 

74.  159.  361. 

Niagara,  its  pronunciation,  573. 
Nicholas,  emperor,  anagram  on,  561. 
Nicholas  (St.)  Cole  Abbey,  107. 
Nichols's  Collectanea,  errata  in,  371. 
*Niebuhr's  "  ingenious  man,"  56. 
Nightingale  and  thorn,  162. 
*Noctes  Ambrosianas,  397. 
Nonjurors'  motto,  87. 
*Norman  towers  in  London,  222. 
North-west  passage,  516. 
*  Norton,  origin  of  this  local  name,  272. 
Nowell  (Dean),  his  first  wife,  300. 
Nugent  (Earl),  his  poems,  149. 
Nugget,  its  meaning,  232. 


O. 


Oaths,  61.  45.  402. 

Objective  and  subjective,  170. 

O'Brien  of  Thosmond,  125.  328. 

*"  Obtains,"  its  conventional  meaning, 
589. 

Odd  Fellows,  origin  of  the  union,  327.  578. : 

*Odevaere's  history  of  an  ancient  clock, 
302. 

Odoherty  (Morgan),  209. 

Offices,  the  sale  of,  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, 562. 

Ogborne's  History  of  Essex,  MSS.  of,  322. 

*Ogden  (John),  noticed,  541. 

Oglander  (Sir  Wm  ),  his  chapel,  17. 

*  "  Old  Dominion,"  or  Virginia,  468. 

Olympic  Plain,  &c.,  270.  5^6. 

Orange  blossoms,  38n.  527. 

Orchat,  or  orchard,  400. 

*Order  of  St.  David  of  Wales,  125. 

"  Ordericus  Vitalis,"  Bohn's  edition,  512. 

Ordinary,  a  provincialism,  219. 

Oriel,  as  applied  to  a  window,  400. 

*Orme,  aide-de-camp  to  General  Brad- 
dock,  562. 

Ormulum,  edited  by  Dr.  White,  485. 

Orrery  (Earl  of),  his  letter  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Birch,  29. 

Osmotherley  in  Yorkshire,  152. 

*Otterburn,  battle  of,  348. 

Oufle  (M.),  his  history,  57. 

Ought  and  aught,  419. 

Oxford  Commemoration  squib,  113. 

Oxford  jeu  d'esprit,  168. 

"  Oxoniaua,"  a  desirable  reprint,  300. 


P. 

Page,  its  derivation,  106.  255. 
Painting,  the  English  school  of,  220. 


610 


INDEX. 


Paintings  of  Our  Saviour,  270.  550. 

Pala?ologi,  the  last  of,  312.  572. 

Paleario  (Aonio),  "  Of  the  Benefit  of  the 

Death  of  Christ,"  321. 
Paley's  plagiarisms,  64. 
Palindrome  verses,  343. 
Pamphlet,  curious  old  one,  391. 
Pandras,  its  derivation,  334. 
Paper  water-marks,  false  dates  on,  32.  41 . 

75. 

Papyrus,  specimen  wanted,  292.  529. 
Parallel  ideas  from  poets,  121.  466. 
Parallel  passages,  345. 
Parliament,    a  member  electing  himself, 

285. 
Parma  (Ferdinand  Charles  III.,  duke  of), 

417.  598. 

Parochial  libraries,  186. 
—  registers,  590. 
Party-similes  of  the  seventeenth  century, 

96. 

Paschal  eggs,  483. 

Passion  of  Our  Lord  dramatised,  373.  528. 
Patriarchs  of  the  Western  Church,  384. 
Paul's  (St.)  school  library,  65. 
Pax  pennies  of   William  the  Conqueror, 

562. 
*Peckham  — "  All  holiday  at  Peckham," 

its  origin,  35. 

Peckwater  quadrangle,  400. 
Pedigrees  forged,  221.  27L    1~?  g~ 
Pelham  (Sir  John),  his  monument,  51. 
Pepys's  letters  on  Christ's  Hospital,  199. 
Perspective,  300.  378.  577. 
*Petley  (Elias)  noticed,  105. 
Pettifogger  explained,  287. 
Philip's  (St.),  Bristol,  priory,  150. 

PHOTOGRAPHY : — 

albumenized  paper,  332.  502. 

albumenized  process,  206.  254. 

box  sawdust  for  collodion,  358. 

calotype  on  the  sea-shore,  134. 

calotype  process,  16.  40.  134.  230.  502. 

cameras,  571. 

cameras,  light  in,  525. 548. 

cautions,  525. 

ceroleine  process,  382.  429.  526. 

chlorides  and  silver,  their  proportions, 

358. 
collodion,  156.  158.  206.  254.  406.  525. 

549. 

collodion  negatives,  282. 
collodion  plates,  429. 
cotton  made  soluble,  548.  571. 
Crookes  (Mr.)  on  restoring  old  collo- 
dion, 206. 

Crystal  Palace  photographs,  571. 
cyanide  of  potassium,  230.  254. 
experiences  in  photography,  429.  456. 

501. 

ferricyanide  of  potassium,  549. 
glass  rod,  how  to  be  used,  62. 
gun  cotton,  283. 
history  of  photographic  discovery,  524. 

549. 
Hockin's  Short  Sketch   for  the  Tyro, 

16. 
Hunt's  specimens,  41.  182. ;  his  letter, 

524. 

hydrosulphite  of  soda  baths,  230. 
iodized  paper,  62. 
iodized  solution,  182.  230.  254.  310. 
light  in  cameras,  525. 548. 
Lyte  on  collodion,  156.  333. 
Lyte's  new  instantaneous  process,  570. 
Mansell  (Dr.),  his  operations,  134.  182. 

207. 

manuscripts  copied,  83. 
mounting  photographs,  310.  381. 
negatives  multiplied,  83.  110.  502. 
nitrate  of  silver  adulterated,  111.  ;  test 

for,  181. 

photographic  excursions,  407. 
photographic  litigation,  598. 
photographic  queries,  207.  282.  406. 
Photographic  Society's  exhibition,  16. 

83.  1,81. 
positives  mounted  on  cardboard,  332. 


PHOTOGRAPHY  :  — 

printing  positives,  406. 

Rembrandt,  photographic  copies  of,  359. 

sensitive  collodion,  158. 

silver,  its  recovery,  476. 

slides  for  the  magic  lantern,  332. 

splitting  paper  for  photographic  pur- 
poses, 61. 

spots  on  collodion  pictures,  310. 

stereoscopic  note,  282. 
"•      tent  for  collodion  purposes,  83. 

Talbot's  patents,  83.  526.  599. 

Townsend's  wax-paper  process,  598. 

Turner's  paper,  41. 

Towgood's  paper,  110. 

wax  negatives,  456. 

waxed-paper   pictures,  182.   381.   382. 

429. 

Pickard  family,  10.  87. 
Picts'  houses,  208. 
*Picture  queries,  198. 
Him;,  unde  deriv.,  324.  551. 
*  "  Plain  Dealer,"  original  edition,  303. 
Planets,  recently  discovered,  36. 
Plantagenets,  their  demoniacal  descent,  494. 

550. 

*Plants  and  flowers,  421. 
Plants  of  the  months  symbolised,  37. 
*Piaster  casts,  126. 
*Pliny's  dentistry,  467. 
Plowden  (Edmund),  his  portrait,  56.  113. 
*Plowden  (Sir  Edmund)  noticed,  301. 
*Plumley  (Mr.),  dramatist,  516. 
Plymouth  calendar,  585. 
Poets  Laureate,  notices  of,  335. 
Pocklington  (Dr.  John)  noticed,  247. 
Political  predictions,  559. 
Polygamy,  246.  329.  409. 
Pope  (Alex.)  quoted,  469. 
Pope  and  Dennis,  223.  516. 
Pope  and  Macklin,  239. 
Popiana,  445.  568. 
Portionists  at  Merton  College,  30*. 
Portrait  painters  of  the  last  century,  563. 
Postage  system  of  the  Romans,  350.  549. 
Postmasters  at  Merton  College,  304. 
Prayer,  occasional  forms  of,  13. 
Precedence,  32".  541. 
PrecLous  stones,  emblematical  meanings  of, 

37.  88.  284.  408. 

*Prelatc  noticed  by  Gibbon,  56. 
Prerogative  office,  its  exclusive  constitu- 
tion, 215. 
Pretenders,  their  births  and  deaths,  177. 

230.  572. 

Pricket,  its  meaning,  434. 
Primers  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  170. 
"  Prince  Royal "  launched,  464. 
*Prints  of  London  before  the  fire,  348. 
*Prints,  on  repairing  old,  104. 
Prior's  epitaph  on  himself,  283. 

*  Pronunciation  of  foreign  names,  222. 
Property,  right  of  redeeming,  601. 
Prophesying  before  death,  550. 

*  Prospect  House,  Clerkenwell,  375. 
Prospectuses  of  works,  45. 
Prototype,  its  misuse,  44. 
PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES  :  — 

All  Holiday  at  Peckham,  35. 

As  snug  as  a  bug  in  a  rug,  322. 

As  dead  as  a  herring,  347. 

Bath  :  "  Go  to  Bath,"  421.  577. 

Begging  the  question,  136.  28t.  359. 

Chip  in  porridge,  45. 

Corruptio  optimi  est,  173. 

Cui  bono,  76.  159. 

Cutting  off  with  a  shilling,  198. 

Deus  ex  machina,  77. 

Feather  in  your  cap,  220.  378. 

Fig  :  "  A  fig  for  you  !  "  149. 

Flea  in  his  ear,  322. 

Good  wine  needs  no  bush,  113. 

Hypocrisy  the  homage,  &c.,  127. 

I  put  a  spoke  in  his  wheel,  45.  601. 

Jump  for  joy,  466. 

Kick  the  bucket,  107. 

Obs  and  sols,  176. 

Paid  down  upon  the  flail,  196.  384. 


PROTERBS  AND  PHRASES  :  — 

Service  is  no  inheritance,  20.  41. 
Spoke  in  his  wheel,  45.  601. 
*To  pass  the  pikes,  516. 
*Turk  :  "  A  regular  Turk,"  451. 

Proverbs,  unregistered,  392.  527. 

*Proxies  for  absent  sponsors,  324. 

Psalm  cxxvii.  2.,  its  translation,  107. 

Psalm,  the  great  alphabetic,  121.  376.  473. 

Psalms  for  the  chief  musician,  242.  457. 

*Psychology,  when  first  used,  271. 

Publican's  invitation,  448. 

Publishers,  a  hint  to,  146. 

Pulpits,  stone,  79. 

Punctuation,  errors  in,  481. 

Pure,  its  peculiar  use,  527. 

*  "  Purlet  de  Mir.  Nat.,"  126. 

Put,  its  pronunciation  in  Ireland,  432. 


Q. 

Quacks,  345. 

Quakers'  Calendar,  589. 

Quakers  executed  at  Boston,  305.  603. 

Queenborough  borough  debts,  448. 

QUOTATIONS — in  Cowper,  247.  402. 

A  fellow  feeling  makes  us  wondrou» 
kind,  301.402. 

All  Scotia's  weary  days  of  civil  strife, 
589. 

All  went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell,  399. 

Bachelors  of  every  station,  301. 402. 477. 
*Condendaque    Lexica    mandat  Dain- 
natis,  421. 

Convince  a  man  against  his  will,  107. 

Corporations  have  no  souls,  137. 

Could  we  with  ink,  &c.,  179.  256.  482. 

Days  of  my  youth,  601. 

De  male  quaasitis  gaudet,  &c.,  600. 

Extinctus  amabitur  idem,  421.  552. 

Firm  was  their  faith,  &c.,  17.  135. 

For  he  that  fights  and  runs  away,  137. 

Forgive,  blest  shade,  542. 
*He  no  longer  shall  dwell,  301. 

Hie  locus  odit,  amat,  552. 

Homo  unius  Hbri,  89. 
*Had  I  met  thee  in  thy  beauty,  374. 
*I11   habits   gather  by"  unseen  degrees, 
301. 

Man  proposes,  but  God  disposes,  87. 

Marriage  is  such  a  rabble  rout,  184. 
Off  with  his  head!  so  much  for  Buck- 
ingham, 543. 
Of  whose  omniscient  and  all-spreading 

love,  301.  402. 

One  New  Year's  Day,  467.  526. 
One  while  1  think,  76.  184. 
Perturbabantur      Constantinopolitani, 

452.  576. 

*Poeta  nascitur,  non  fit,  398. 
Quid  facies,  facies  Veneris,  &c.,  18.  161. 
Quid  levius  calamo?  301.  402. 
Rex  erat  Elizabeth,  sed  erat   Regina 

Jacobus,  421. 
Sat  cito,  si  sat  bene^  137. 
*Sir  John  once  said  a  good  thing,  301. 
*Sometimes,  indeed,  an  acre's  breadth 

half  green,  301. 
*The  clanging  trumpet  sounds  to  arms, 

301. 

The  knighls  are  dust,  301.  402. 
The  spire  whose  silent  finger  points  to 

heaven,  9.  85.  184. 
*Then    what   remains,   but    well    our 

p.irts  to  chuse,  301. 
Vita  crucem,  et  vivas,  &c.,  505. 
Wise  men  labour,  good  men  grieve,  468. 
553. 


R. 

Rain,  sign  of,  53. 

*RaphaePs  pictures,  symbolism  in,  589. 
Rapping  no  novelty.  12.  62.  200. 
Rat,  black,  209. 


INDEX. 


611 


Rathlin  island,  in  Ireland,  589. 
*Rebellion  of  1715,  trial  of  the  prisoners, 

349. 

Records,  Irish,  536. 
Red  Cow  sign,  87.  306. 
Regiment,  10th,  or  the  Prince  of  Wales's 

Own,  85. 

Registers,  parochial,  590. 
Reprints  suggested,  171. 
Repton  (Humphry),  landscape-painter, 400. 
*Restall,  its  meaning,  539. 
Reversible  names,  285. 
•Review,  designation  of  works  under,  516. 
Rhymes,  French  season  and   weather,  9. 
277. 

Irish,  575. 

Rich  (Lieut-Colonel)  noticed,  546. 
Richard,  abbot  of  St.  Victor,  352. 
Richard  I.  noticed,  44. 
Richard  III.,  his  burial-place,  400. 
Richard,  King  of  the  Romans,  his  arms, 

185. 
Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Cambridge, 

493.  601. 

Ridings  and  chaffings,  370.  578. 
*Ridley  (Bp.),  his  reply  to  Bp.  Hooper,  221. 

university,  538. 

Rigby  correspondence,  369. 
*Rileys  of  Forest  Hill,  398. 
Robinson  (Lady  Elizabeth)  noticed,  148. 

234. 

Roche  (James)  of  Cork,  217. 
Rocking-stones,  561. 
Roland  the  brave,  372.  475. 
Roman  roads  in  England,  825.  431. 
Romanists    conforming    to    the    English 

Church,  98. 
Romford  jury,  596.. 

Rosehill  ( Lord),  who  was  he  ?   422.  519. 
Rous  (William)  the  Scottish  Psalmist,  440. 

his  will,  441. 

*Rowe  (Owen)  the  regicide,  449. 

Rowley,  Old,  235.  457.  477. 

*Rubens  query,  561. 

Ruffins,  a  fish,  106. 

Rush  (Dr.  Benjamin)  noticed,  451.  603. 

Russell,  or  Du  Rozel,  the  house  of,  416. 

Russia  (Emperor  of)  and   the    Order  of 

the  Garter,  420. 
Russia  and  Turkey,  103.  132. 
Russian  emperors,  222.  359. 

manifesto,  463. 

maps,  433. 

Russians,  their  religion,  86. 
*Rutabaga,  its  etymology,  399. 


S. 


*Sacheverell  (Dr.),  his  residence  in  the 
Temple,  562. 

Sack,  its  qualities,  272.  427. 

St.  Asaph,  ruin  near,  375. 

Saladin,  as  described  by  Scott,  76.  257. 

*Sale  of  offices  in  seventeenth  century,  562. 

*Saltcellar,  its  derivation,  10. 

Salutations,  420. 

Salutes,  royal,  245. 

Sanctius  (Rodericus)  noticed,  530. 

*Sandfords  of  Thorpe  Salvine,  303. 

Sangarede,  its  meaning,  495. 

*Sanxon  (S.),  the  fee  of,  222. 

Satin,  its  derivation,  17. 

Savage  and  Dennis,  223. 

*Sawbridge  and  Knight's  numismatic  col- 
lections, 9. 

Saw-dust  recipe,  148.  255. 

"Sawles  Warde,"  suggested  to  be  printed, 
6. 

*Scarlet  regimentals  of  the  army,  55. 

Schindler  (Valentine)  noticed,  530. 

School  libraries,  65. 

Scotch  heraldic  grievance,  74. 160.  284. 

*Scott  (Rev.  Dr.),  inquiry  respecting,  35. 

Scott  (Sir  Walter)  and  Sir  W.  Napier,  53. 

quoting  himself,  72.  162. 

Scottish  airs,  original  words  of,  245. 

Screw  propeller,  394.  473. 

*Scroope  family,  350. 


Seamen's  tickets,  452. 

Seeker  (Abp.)  and  George  III.,  447. 

Selah,  its  meaning,  423. 

Selleridge,  146. 

"  Semper  eadem,"  origin  of  the  motto,  78. 

Sepulchral  monuments,  514.  539.  586. 

*Sermon,  a  short  one  attributed  to  Swift, 

589. 

Seven  Sisters  Legend,  465. 
Sewell  family,  86. 
Sexes,   their  separation   in    church,   336. 

566. 

Sexton  office  in  one  family,  171.  502. 
Seymour  (Elizabeth),  daughter  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward, 174.  313. 

Shakspeare,  on  his  descent  from  a  landed 
proprietor,  75.  154.  479 

digest  on  critical  readings,  540. 

Othello  annotated,  375.  577. 

Passionate  Pilgrim  and  Griffin's  Fi- 

dessa,  27. 
—  portrait,  571. 

Rime  which  he  made  at  the  Mytre, 

439. 

Stratford  Shakspeare,  90. 

Sharers  at  theatres,  199. 

*Sheffield,  Earl  of   Mulgrave,   letter    by 

him,  373. 

Shelley's  Prometheus  Unbound,  351.  481. 
Sheridan    (Richard   Brinsley),   his    patri- 
mony, 447. 
translation  of  a  song  in  his  Duenna, 

59. 

*Sheriffof  Somersetshire  in  1765, 173. 
*Shippen  family,  147. 
Shropshire  ballad,  320. 
Shrove-Tuesday  customs,  65.  22a  299.  324. 

504. 

*2<*iC«,  126. 
Silo,  its  derivation,  42. 
Simmels,  a  Viennese  loaf,  322. 
•Simmons  (B.)  noticed,  397. 
*Skin-flint,  its  derivation,  34. 
Skipwith  (Sir  Henry)  noticed,  326. 
Slavery  in  England,  98.  421. 
Slaves,  names  of,  480. 
Slow-worm  superstition,  73. 
Smith  (Col.  Michael),  his  family,  222.  575. 
Smith  families,  148.  234. 
Smith  (Ferdinando)  of  Halesowen,  285. 
Smith  (John),  hydropathist,  395.  575. 
Smoke-farthings,  513. 
Snake  escapes  from  a  man's  mouth,  29. 

523. 

Sneezing,  63.  250. 
Snub,  antiquity  of  the  word,  219. 
•Snush,  or  snish,  324. 
Soldier's  Discipline,  218. 
Sollerets,  armour  for  the  feet,  459. 

SONGS  AND  BALLADS  : 

Barrels  regiment,  63.  159.  545. 

Blue  Bells  of  Scotland,  209.  600. 

Christmas  ballad,  325. 

Fair  Rosamond,  163.  335. 

Horam  coram  dago,  58. 186. 

I  could  not  love  thee,  dear,  so  much, 

125. 208. 

Malbrough  s'en  va-t-en  guerre,  56. 
One  New  Year's  Day,  467. 
Shropshire  ballad,  320. 
Syddale's  execution,  105. 
Three  cats  sat  by  the  fireside,  173.  286. 

574. 
Truth,  an  Apology  for  speaking  the, 

Songs  of  Degrees,  121.  376.  473. 

Sophocles,  passage  in,  42. 

Sotades,  notice  of,  18. 

Sounds  heard  at  great  distances,  561. 

South 's  (Dr.)  Sermons,  queries  on,  515. 578. 

verses  upon  Westminster  School,  28. 

Souvaroff 's  despatch,  20. 

Sovereigns  dining  in  public,  120. 

"  Spanish  Lady's  Love,"  its  hero,  305.  573. 

Spellings  (false)  from  sound,  113. 

Spence(W.  S.),  his  factitious  pedigrees,  221. 


Spencer  (Edward)  of  Rendlesham,  his  mar- 
riage, 273. 

*2<p/§»5>  its  meaning,  541. 

*Spinning-machine  of  the  ancients,  515. 

Stael  (Madame  de)  noticed,  451.  546. 

Standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer,  127-  257- 
567. 

*Star  and  Garter,  Kirkstall,  324. 

Star  of  Bethlehem,  103. 

Starvation,  an  Americanism,  54.  151. 

*Stationers'  Company  and  Almanac,  104. 

*Stock-horn,  76. 

*Stoke  and  Upton,  421. 

*Stokes  (General),  his  parentage,  34. 

Stone-pillar  worship,  535. 

Storms,  ominous,  494. 

Stornello,  299. 

Stound,  as  used  by  Spenser,  459. 

Stradling  (John),  epigrammatist,  483. 

Strawberry-Hill  gem,  3. 

*Suffragan  bishops  in  Convocation,  35. 

Sunday,  its  commencement  and  end,  198. 
284. 

Surrey  Archaeological  Society,  21.  433. 

Swedish  words  current  in  England,  601. 

Swift  (Dean)  and  Trinity  College,  244.  311. 

an  unpublished  letter  of,  7. 

*Syddale  (Thos.),  ballad  on  his  execution, 
105. 

T. 

Table-turning,  39.  88. 135.  201.  502.  551. 
Tailless  cats  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  10.  Ill, 

209.  479.  575. 

Talfourd  (Mr.  Justice),  notices   of,  393. 
497. 

on  Lamb's  Elia,  269. 

*  "  Tarbox  for  that,"  its  meaning,  324. 

Tavern  signs,  poetical,  58.  330. 

Taylor  (Dr.  John)  noticed,  137. 

Teddy  the  Tiler,  248. 

Te  Deum  in  the  Russian  Church,  325.  498. 

Teeth  superstition,  64. 

*Temperature  of  cathedrals,  56. 

Temple  (Dame  Hester),  her  descendants, 

Tender,  a  curious  one,  196. 

Tenure  of  lands,  173.  309.  448. 

Teonge  (Henry),  his  Diary  quoted,  418. 

Terms,  misapplication  of,  44.  361.  554. 

*Texts  preliminary  in  church  service,  515. 

Thackeray's  anachronisms,  367. 

"  That,"  a  grammatical  puzzle,  300. 

Theodore  de  la  Guard,  517. 

Thorn's  Irish  Almanac,  219. 

Thornton  Abbey,  161. 

"  Three  Crowns  and  Sugar-loaf"  sign,  350. 

481. 

Three  maids  tradition,  299. 
Three  Pigeons  inns,  331.  423.  528. 
Thumb-biting,  88. 

*Thurstan  (Abp.),  his  burial-place,  172. 
*Tilly,  of  the  Westminster  Courts,  35. 
Tin,  its  early  use,  64.  111. 
Tippet,  its  derivation,  370.  430. 
Tobacco-pipes,  their  history,  372.  546. 
Tom-cat,  tortoiseshell,  338. 
Tonson  (Mons.),  its  author,  530. 
Tooke  (Home)  on  the  meaning  of  libel, 

398.  575. 
Tooth,  on  burning  one  with  salt,  345. 

the  golden,  337. 

Trafalgar  battle,  297. 

*Tremesin  (Dompe  Peter)  noticed,  375. 

Trench  on  Proverbs,  107. 

Trinity,  the  secunde  Person  of,  56.  114. 

Triolet  explained,  483. 

Trogloditze,  interment  of,  278. 

Trojan  horse,  96. 

*Truth,  an  Apology  for  speaking  the,  56. 

Truthteller  newspaper,  569. 

"  Try  and  get,"  a  vulgarism,  76.  233. 

Turkey  and  France,  397. 

and  Russia,  348. 

Turkish  language,  352.  456. 
*Turlehydes,  sea-fish,  10. 


612 


INDEX. 


u. 


Uhland,  the  German  poet,  147. 

Universities,  foreign,  150. 

*University  College,    Oxford,  custom  at, 

468. 
Usher  (Sir  William)  noticed,  576. 


V. 


Vagrancy,  order  for  its  suppression,  6. 

Vallancey's  Green  Book,  347. 

Vandyke  in  America,  228. 

Vandyking,  its  meaning,  452.  599. 

*Vane  (Lord),  his  collection  of  pictures, 

«  Vaiiitatem  observare,"  247.  311.  385. 

Varnish  for  old  books,  423. 

Vault  interments,  278. 

Vellum- clean  ing,  17. 

Vends,  or  Wends,  434. 

Ventilation,  an  encyclopaedia  of,  415.  524. 

"  Verbatim  et  literatim,"  348.  504. 

*Vere  (Arthur  de)  noticed,  35. 

*Verelst  the  painter,  148. 

Veronica,  its  derivation,  537. 

Verses,  satirical,  on  the  French  revolution, 

538. 

Vessel  of  paper,  its  meaning,  401. 
Villers-en-Coucbe,  battle  of,  208. 
*Villiers  (Geo.),  Duke  of  Buckingham, 

scandalous  letter  written  to,  56. 
Vossioner,  its  meaning,  224.  334. 

W. 

Waestart,  a  provincialism,  349.  571. 
Wafers,  their  antiquity,' 376.  409. 
*Wagers,  celebrated,  450. 

*  Wallace  (Albany)  noticed,  323.  ' 

*  Wallace  (Sir  J.)  and  Mr.  Browne,  105. 
Walpole  and  Macaulay,  74. 159.  361. 
Walters  (Lucy),  171. 

Walton  (Joshua),  clerk,  420. 


Walton,  the  son  of  honest  Izaak,  397. 

Wandering  bee,  370. 

Wanley  (Humphry),  Baker's  letter  to,  7. 

Wappenschau,  or  Lichfield  Bower,  338. 

Ward  (Dr.  John),  letter  to  Bishop  Cary,28. 

Ward  (Rev.  Nathaniel),  517. 

Wardrobe  House,  or  the  Tower  Royal,  6. 

Warner  (William)  the  poet,  453. 

Warple-way,  its  meaning,  125.  232.  478. 

Warville,  its  derivation,  112.  209.  335.  480. 

Warwick  (HenryBeauchamp,  Earl  of),'517. 

*Warwickshire  badge.,398. 

Water-marks  on  paper,  false  dates  on,  32. 

41. 
Watson  (Bishop),  passage  in,  43. 

-  his  map  of  Europe,  513. 

*  Watson  (Charles)  noticed,  57. 
Waugh  family,  20.  64. 

Waugh  of  Cumberland,  family  arms,  272. 

482. 

Weather-rules,  307. 
Weather,  social  effects  of  the  late  severe, 

103. 

Weckerlin    (George   Rudolph),    German 
oet,  420. 

eekly  Pacquet  from  Rome,  211.  259. 
Wellesley,  or  Wesley,  576. 
Wellington,  the  late  Duke  of,  396. 
Welsh  consonants,  271.  471. 
Wentworth  (Sir  Philip),  161. 
*Wesley  and  Wellington,  their  relation- 

ship, 399. 

Weyland  Wood  in  Norfolk,'  305. 
Wheelbarrows,  the  inventor  of,  77. 
Whichcote  (Dr.)  and  Dorothy  Jordan,  351. 

383. 
Whipping  school-boys,  Latin  treatise  on, 

148. 

Whipping  a  lady,  419. 
White  (Blanco),  sonnet  by,  469.  552. 
*White  (John)  of  Philadelphia,  147. 
White  (Samuel),  his  Commentary,  469.      i 
Whitefield  and  Kennington  Common,  367. 
Whitelocke  (General),  87.  201.  455. 
Whitlocke's  Memorials,  127. 
Whitewashing  in  churches,  148.  286. 


p 
We 


Whittington's  stone  on  Highgate  Hill,  397. 

501. 

Widderington  family,  375.  550.  ' 
Wight,  the  Isle  of,  its  king,  517. 
Wilbraham  Cheshire  MSS.,  135. 
Wildman  (Daniel)  noticed,  375.  572. 
*Willesdon  in  Middlesex,  families  at,  422. 
William  II L,  works  on  his  life  and  times, 

Williams  (Griffith),  Bishop  of  Ossorv,  421. 

Willow,  bark  in  ague,  452.  571. 

Wills,  depository  required  for,  215. 

Wilson  (John),  doctor  of  music,  440. 

Wingfield  (Sir  Anthony),  86. 

Wither  (George),  poet,  483. 

Witherington  (Ralph)  family,  375.  550. 

*Wolfe  (Major- General),  his  MSS.,  468. 

Woman,  lines  on,  17. 

Wood  (Anthony  a),  his  birthplace,  304. 

Wood  (Geo.)  of  Chester,  430. 

Wooden  tombs  and  effigies,  17,  62.  111.  457. 

Word-minting,  151.  335.  529. 

Worm  in  books,  527. 

Wotton  (Henry  Earl  of),  85. 

Wotton  (Sir  Henry)  on  the  Character  of  a 

Happy  Life,  420. 
Wren  (Christopher)  and  the  young  carver, 

20. 

Wurm,  its  meaning  in  German,  63. 154. 
Wylcotes'  brass,  19. 
Wyseman  (Sir  Robert),  his  judicial  opinion, 

263. 


Y. 


Yard  measure  taken  from  the  arm  of 

Henry  I.,  200. 
Yarke,  its  meaning,  459. 
Year  1854,  197. 

Yew-tree  at  Crowhurst,  it«  age,  274. 
York  (Cardinal)  noticed,  178. 


Z. 

Zeuxis  and  Parrhasius,  322. 


INDEX. 


613 


NAMES    OF    CONTRIBUTORS. 


A.  on  ciss,  cissle,  &c.,  148. 

photographic  manuscripts,  83. 

A.  (1.)  on  cassie,  574. 

dates  of  maps,  553. 

Abbott  (J.  T.)  on  Abbott  families,  105. 458. 

— —  grammars  for  public  schools,  478. 

A.  (B.  H.)  on  classic  authors  and  the  Jews, 

385. 

Abhba  on  An  Account  of  an  Expedition  to 
New  Holland,  271. 

—  Asgill  on  Translation  to  Heaven,  376. 
Bibles,  errata  in,  391. 

bribery,  its  first  instance,  447. 

Coleshill,  custom  at,  376. 

Commons  of  Ireland,  160. 

corporation  enactments,  300. 

Darcy  of  Flatten,  247. 

divinity  professorships,  585. 

equity  suitors,  good  times  for,  420. 

errors  of  Mr.  Macaulay  and  Sir  A. 

Alison,  196. 
— —  Irish  law  in  the  eighteenth  century, 

270. 

Irish  legislation,  244. 

Lyon  (Win.),  bishop  of  Cork,  192. 

Madden's  Reflections  and  Resolutions, 

199. 

mutilating  books,  585. 

— —  occasional  forms  of  prayer,  406. 

"  Paid  down  upon  the  nail,"  196. 

parochial  registers,  590. 

— —  print  of  Dublin  volunteers,  541. 

Rathlin  island,  589. 

Ridley's  university,  538. 

—  separation  of  sexes  in  churches,  566. 
Swift's  antipathy  to  Trinity  College, 

244. 

Thorn's  Irish  Almanack,  219. 

Turks  in  Europe,  £c.,  542. 

vessel  of  paper,  401. 

wafers,  their  antiquity,  376. 

A.  (C.  B.)  on  Liber  Passionis  Domini  nos- 

tri  Jesu  Christi,  446. 
Adams  (G.  E.I  on  Abbott  families,  233. 
Adams  (S.)  on  burial  service  tradition,  451. 
Admirer  on  proclamation  for  making  mus- 
tard, 450. 
Sacheverell's  and  Lamb's  residences, 

562. 

Advocatus  on  burial  service  tradition,  550. 
A.  (E.  H.)  on  anticipatory  use  of  the  cross, 

Atterbury's  lines  on  Guiscard,  395. 

Burton  family,  19. 

— —  curious  tender,  196. 

— —  Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon,  359.  \ 

Eden  (Robert),  553. 

fusion  of  the  Bourbons,  323. 

king  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  517. 

Lodge  the  herald,  453. 

marvellous  story,  538. 

Salmon's   Lives  of  English  Bishops, 

—  standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer,  567. 
A.  (F.  S.)  on  nattochiis  and  calchanti,  36. 
Agares  on  Colonel  Butler,  422. 

A.  (J.  S.)  on  Russian  Te  Deum,  498.  ;, 
— -  sententious  despatches,  171. 


A.  (L.)  on  green  stockings,  398. 

Alford  (B.  H.)  on  dogs  in  monumental 
brasses,  126. 

'Ahtivf  on  atonement,  504. 

Chauncy,  or  Chancy,  286. 

Crawley  (Rev.  John),  361. 

David's  mother,  42. 

Defoe's  quotation  from  Baxter,  62. 

Dudley  (Robert),  Earl  of  Leicester, 

160. 

Faithful  Commin,  578. 

Hawker's  Echoes  from  Old  Cornwall, 

83. 

"  Hovd  maet  of  laet,"  258. 

Merciful  Judgments  of  High  Church, 

161. 

perspective,  379. 

postal  system  of  the  Romans,  549. 

sack,  427. 

Sir  Charles  Cotterell,  19. 

work  on  ants,  528. 

Allcock  (Trevet)  on  Major  Andre,  111. 

Mackey(S.  A.),89. 

Allcroft  (J.  D.)  on  numbers,  492. 

Stoke  and  Upton,  421. 

Alpha  on  abolition  of  government  patron- 
age, 466. 

authors  and  publishers,  31. 

—  English  diplomacy  v.  Russian,  448. 

leading  articles  of  foreign  newspapers. 

218.  463. 

Olympic  plain,  &c.,  270. 

— — •  Oxoniana,  300. 

wheelbarrows,  77. 

Alphege  on  inn  signs,  &c.,  148. 

A.  (M.)  on  custom  at  University  College, 
468. 

Eyre  (Capt.),  his  drawings,  258. 

pictures  at  Hampton  Court,  20. 

Shakspeare's  Othello,  375. 

Walpole  and  Macaulay,  74. 

Amateur  on  a  caution  to  photographers, 
283. 

coloured  photographs,  359. 

proportions  of  chlorides  and  silver,  358. 

Anat.  on  Brown  the  Separatist,  573. 

Lady  Harington,  76. 

Andreef  (Dmitri)  on  SouvaroflPs  despatch, 
20. 

Andrews  (Alex.)  on  remuneration  of  au- 
thors, 404. 

Irish  law  in  the  eighteenth  century, 

A.  (N.  J.)  on  Fox  (Sir  Stephen),  271. 

< repairing  old  prints,  104. 

Warville,  112.  335. 

Annandale  on  the  last  Marquis  of  Annan- 
dale,  248. 

degrees  in  Arts,  304. 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots  at  Auchincas, 

325. 
Anon,  on  .Etna,  563. 

Andre  (Major),  522.' 

anonymous  poet,  589. 

assuming  names,  32. 

Bohn's  Ordericus  Vitalis,  512. 

custom  at  Preston  in  Lancashire,  562. 

Dinteyille  family,  198. 

— —  Druidism,  its  history,  219. 
Holy  Thursday  rain-water,  541 


Anon,  on  King  John,  550. 

Laurie  on  Finance,  42. 

longevity,  231. 

Newton  and  Milton,  122. 

"  Service  is  no  inheritance,"  20. 

screw-propeller,  394. 

— —  society  for  burning  the  dead,  £87. 

Soldier's  Discipline,  218. 

—  Virgilian  inscription,  147. 

Walpole  and  Macaulay,  74. 

Wentworth  (Sir  Philip),  161. 

Antiquary  on  Warwickshire  badge,  398. 

Aquarius  on  fountains,  516. 

A.  (R.)  on  impe,  a  progeny,  527. 

Madame  de  Stael,  451. 

— -  wooden  effigies,  457. 

Ardelio  on  postal  system  of  the  Romans, 
350. 

prints  of  London  before  the  Fire,  348. 

Whitelocke  (Gen.),  202. 

Arterus  on  corporation  enactments,  553. 

Arthur  on  the  Highland  regiments,  493. 

A.  (S.)  on  college  battel,  326. 

Courtney  family,  450. 

inn  signs,  494. 

Ashton  (B.)  on  the  introduction  of  chess 
into  Britain,  224. 

Aske  (Philip)  on  Latin  Dante,  467. 

Atkinson  (N.  C.)  on  arch-priest  in  the  An- 
glican Church,  568. 

A.  (W.)  on  Hale's  descendants,  77. 

St.  Paul's  school  library,  65. 

Ayre  (John)  on  Paleario's  suppressed 
work,  321. 

Azure  on  royal  arms  in  churches,  327. 


B.I 

B.  on  Mathew,  a  Cornish  family,  222.  551. 
Palzeologus,  572. 

—  Sheridan's  Duenna,  song  translated, 

59. 

—  Smith  of  Nevis  and  St.  Kitt's,  575. 
B.  (A.)  on  Elizabeth  Seymour,  313. 

O'Brien  of  Thosmond,  125.  328. 

Talbot's  patents,  83. 

three  fleurs-de-lis,  113. 

wandering  bee,  370. 

B.  (A.  E.)  on  attainment  of  majority,  83. '. 
B.  (A.  F.)  on  De  la  Fond  engraving,  272. 

Pepys's  original  letters,  199. 

Baker  (Thomas)  on  Rebellion  of  1715,  349. 

Taylor  (Dr.  John),  137. 

Balch  (Thos.)  on  Fairfax  (Lord),  379. 

Harrison  the  regicide,  350. 

Hayware  (Richard),  373. 

Ludwell :  Lunsford :  Kemp,  373. ; 

— -  names  of  slaves,  480. 

Shippen  family— John  White,  147. 

Skipwith  (Sir  Henry),  326. 

— —  Vandyke  in  America,  228. 

Wolfe  (Major-General),  468. 

Balivus  on  ancient  church  usages,  567. 

—  view  of  Dumfries,  516. 
Balliolensis  on  distances  at  which  sounds 

have  been  heard,  561. 
— —  epitaph  on  Sir  Henry  St.  George,  122. 
Hatherleigh  Moor,  Devon,  538. 

—  Logan,  or  rocking-stones,  561. 


614 


INDEX. 


Balliolensis  on  Niagara,  573. 

-  Plymouth  Calendar,  585. 
Barnard  (R.  Cary)  on  forlorn  hope,  161. 

-  isolated,  171. 

Barry  (C.  Clifton)  on  fading  ink,  199. 

-  Laraenther,  173. 

-  medicine  practice  in  the  East,  198. 

-  wagers,  celebrated,  450. 

Bass  (E.  G.)  on  inedited  letter  of  Lord 

Nelson,  344. 
Bates  (Wm.)  on  "  Cui  bono,"  159. 

—  emblematic    meanings     of    precious 

stones,  88. 

-  execution  survived,  454. 
_  Le  CompSre  Mathieu,  480. 
_  "  Pinch  of  Snuff,"  408. 

-  precious  stones,  408. 

B.  (B.)  on  General  Whitelocke,  455. 
B.  (C.)  on  quotation  in  Byron,  399. 
B.  (C.  W.)  on  Cornelius  a  Lapide's  moral 
exposition,  512. 

-  grammar  for  public  schools,  81. 

-  Hobbes'  Behemoth,  77. 

-  Rogers's  poem,  "  A  Wish,"  85. 

-  Talfourd  (Judge),  his  letter,  269. 

B.  (E.)  on  gutta  percha  made  soluble,  350. 
Beal  (Wm.)  on  etymology  of  pettifogger, 

Bealby  (H.  M.)  on  Mr.  Justice  Talfourd, 
393. 

-  Whitefield  and  Kennington  Common, 
367. 

Bede  (Cuthbert)  on  anachronisms,  367. 

-  ague  charm,  242. 

—  bothy,  432. 

—  —  hour-glass  stand,  64. 

—  inscriptions  on  bells,  593. 

—  —  inscriptions  on  old  pulpits,  31. 

-  literary  curiosities,  31. 

-  parallel  passages,  346. 

-  sexton  office  in  one  family,  502. 

Bee  (Tee)  on  ferrata  in  Nichols's  Collec- 
tanea, 371. 

—  —  heraldic  anomaly,  430. 

—  —  Rowe  the  regicide,  449. 

—  Whittington's    stone    on    Highgate- 
hill,  397. 

Bell  (  J.)  on  Shakspeare's  inheritance,  479. 
Betula  on  Latin  treatise  on  whipping,  148. 

C.)  on  Roland  the  brave,  476. 

R.)  on  origin  of  clubs,  327. 

M.)  on  Dr.  Johnson,  467. 
B.  (H.)  on  echo  poetry,  51. 

—  —  ridings  and  chaffings,  578. 
B.  (H.  F.)  on  mantel-piece,  385. 

-  saltcellar,  a  corruption,  10. 

-  warple-way,  479.' 

Bibliothecar.  Chetham.  on  Bradford's  writ- 
ings,  552. 

—  —  -  Cassiterides,  111. 

—  Celtic  and  Latin  languages,  356. 

—  Consilium  Delectorum  Cardinal!  urn 

252.  518. 

-  "De  male  qujesitis,"  &c.,  600. 

-  vault  interments,  &c.,  278. 
Billington  (G.  H.)  on  tavern  signs,  530. 
Bingham  (C.  W.)  on  Greek  denounced  by 

the  monks,  600. 

—  -  sneezing,  250. 

Bingham  (Richard)    on   literary  queries. 

197. 
B.  (J.)  on  ancient  tenure  of  lands,  173. 

-  Chadderton  of  Nuthurst,  30& 

-  "  Cant,"  its  origin,  103. 

-  Sandford  of  Thorpe  Salvine,  203. 
B.  (J.  B.)  on  numismatic  collections,  9. 
B.  (J,  C.)  on  Gen.  Fraser,  161. 

B.  (J.  H.)  on  atonement,  271. 

-  brass  in  All  Saints,  Newcastle-upon- 

Tyne,  273. 

—  coincidences,  466. 

—  coronation  custom,  453. 

—  Herbert's  Church  Porch,  566. 
.  -  holy-loaf  money,  256. 

-  -  wooden  tombs  and  effigies,  111 
B.  (J.  M.)  on  arm  of  Edward  I.,  200. 

-  Coleridge's  Christabel,  529. 

—  Fair  Rosamond,  335. 

—  Juniper  letter,  224. 


eua  on 
B.  (F.  C.) 
B.  (F.  R.) 
B.  (G.  M.) 


B.  ( J.  O.)  on  Brougham  and  Home  Tooke, 

575. 

i false  spellings  from  sound,  113. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton,  575. 

Petley  (Elias),  105. 

B.  (J.  R.)  on  Lewis's  Memoirs  of  the  Duke 

of  Gloucester,  542. 

B.  (M.  A.)  on  Atherstone  family,  221. 
B.  (N.)  on  table-turning,  135. 
Bobart  (H.  T.)  on  Crabbe  manuicripts,  35. 
Bockett  (Julia  R.)  on  anecdote  of  George 

IV.,  244. 

"  Bachelors  of  every  station,"  477. 

clock  at  Alderley,  269. 

—  female  dress,  502. 

Hale  (Sir  Matthew),  his  descendanti, 

160. 

"  Three  cats  sat,"  &c.,  173. 

Boole  (G.)  on  conjunctions  joining  propo- 
sitions, 180. 

Borderer  on  Sir  Walter  Scott's  quotations, 
72. 

Bowmer  (C.)  on  yew-tree  at  Crowhurst,  274. 

B.  (P.)  on  books  on  bells,  310. 

Braybrooke(Lord)  on  Hoby  family,  58. 

Old  Rowley,  477. 

Breen  (Henry  H.)  on  "  Corporations .  have 
no  souls,"  &c.,  284. 

English  school  of  painting,  220. 

"  Les  Lettres  Juives,"  160. 

"  Malbrough  s'en  va-t-en  guerre,"  56. 

—  Napoleon's  spelling,  £03. 
Obs  and  sols,  176. 

political  predictions,  559. 

Prior's  epitaph  on  himself,  283. 

—  Prophets :  Francis  Dobbs,  7L 

—  reversible  names,  285. 
Warville,  209. 

Brent  (Fras.)  on  acrostic  in  Ash  Church, 
146. 

tavern  signs,  331. 

Brent  (J.)  on  Churchill's  grave,  123. 

B.  (R.  H.)  on  epitaphs,  54. 

Bridger  (Charles)  on  Edward  Spencer's 
marriage,  273. 

Bristoliensis  on  "Paid  down  upon  the 
nail,"  384. 

Briton  (A.)  on  burial  of  Richard  III.,  400. 

Brockie  (William)  on  Jean  Bart's  descent 
on  Newcastle,  451. 

Broctuna  on  Geneva  arms,  44. 

Henry,  Earl  of  Wotton,  85. 

Brookthorpe  on  mediaeval  furniture,  80. 

"  Good  wine  needs  no  bush,"  US. 

stone  pulpits,  79. 

Brown  (Charles)  on  myrtle-bee,  205. 

Brown  (J.  W.)  on  monumental  brasses  in 
London,  200. 

Norman  towers  in  London,  222. 

Browning  (Oscar)  on  the  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia and  the  Garter,  420. 

Bruce  (John)  on  order  for  suppressing 
vagrancy,  6. 

B.  (R.  W.)  on  "  All  holiday  at  Peckham," 
35. 

Bryce  (J.  P.)  on  Bruce,  Robert  I.,  452. 

B.  (S.)  on  Manx  cats,  575. 

Buckton  (T.  J.)  on  the  alphabetic  psalm, 
121. 

Artesian  wells,  283. 

Begging  the  question,  136. 

Celtic  language,  492. 

—  Cephas,  a  binder,  and  no£a  rock,  500. 
. eternal  life,  122. 

.  Lichfield  bower  or  wappenschau,  338. 

money,  its  value  in  the  seventeenth 

century,  478. 
..  polygamy,  329. 

psalms  for  the  chief  musician,  £42. 

Russian  "  Justice,"  74. 

Russian  Te  Deum,  498. 

Songs  of  Degrees,  473. 

"  2<p;S^,"  its  meaning,  541. 

standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer,  567. 

star  of  Bethlehem,  103. 

Talfourd  (Mr.  Justice),  394. 

ventilation,  524. 

B.  (W.  S.)  on  B.  L.  M.,  43. 


C. 

C.  on  fusion  in  France,  431. 

George  IV.,  anecdote  of,  431. 

King  James's  Irish  Army  List,  544. 

Lord  Mayor  not  a  privy  councillor, 

Nelson's  inedited  letter,  337. 

Roman  roads  in  England,  431. 

screw  propeller,  473. 

— —  Swift  (Dean),  his  suspension,  311. 

Warville  (Brissot  de),  480. 

C.  de  D.  on  blackguard,  503. 

double  Christian  names,  359. 

goloshes,  471. 

C.  (A.)  on  hand  in  Brighton  Church,  148. 
C.  (A.  B.)  on  Genesis  iv.  7.,  371. 
Camelodunensis  on  three  fleurs-de-lys,  225. 
Cantab  on  Buonaparte's  abdication,  54. 
•        "  violet-crowned"  Athens,  575. 
Cantianus  on  Lovelace's  Lucasta,  208. 

old  Mereworth  Castle,  124. 

Carnatic  on  "  Cui  bono,"  159. 
Carruthers  (R.)  on  Popiana,  568. 
Causidicus  on  lawyers'  bags,  20. 
C.  (B.  H.)  on  Aristotle,  529. 

Charles  I.  at  Little  Woolford,  219. 

Cephas,  a  binder,  and  not  a  rock,  500. 

Cicero  quoted,  111. 

classic  authors  and  the  Jews,  221. 

— -  epitaphs,  369. 
- —  goloshes,  470. 

Greek  denounced  by  the  monks,  600. 

— —  page,  its  derivation,  106. 

Passion  of  our  Lord  dramatised,  528. 

— —  psalms  in  the  Syriac  version,  457. 
Stationers'    Company  and   Almanac, 

104. 

table-turning,  201.  551. 

termination  "  -by,"  136.  523. 

Whole  Duty  of  Man,  its  author,  551. 

"  Wise  men  labour,"  553. 

C.  (E.)  on  willow-bark  in  ague,  452. 
Celcrena  on  "  to  try  and  get,"  233. 

Verelst  the  painter,  148. 

Cervus  on  burial  in  erect  posture,  279.    ' 

custom  of  the  London  corporation,  34. 

standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer,  127.    t 

Cestriensis  on  Lord  Bacon,  76. 

Geo.  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham, 

56. 

Ceyrep  on  door-head  inscription,  89. 
—  pretenders,  their  births  and  deaths, 

177. 

weather  rhymes,  9. 

C.  (F.)  on  Corn  walls  of  London,  304. 
C.  (G.  A.)  on  factitious  pedigrees,  275. 

gravestone  inscriptions,  270. 

Chadwick  (John  Nurse)  on  J.  Farrington, 

R.A.,467. 

Charlecote  on  inheritance,  155. 
Chateau  (J.  H.)  on  "  cutting  off  with  a 

shilling,"  198. 

"  Fig  for  you,"  149. 

C.  (H.  B.)  on  aches,  409. 

- —  American  poems  imputed  to  English 

authors,  377. 

Barrel's  regiment,  63. 

Cranmer's  martyrdom,  392.  590. 

demoniacal  descent  of  the  Plantage- 

nets,  494. 

German  coloured  engravings,  565. 

gossiping  history,  239. 

Hardman's  account  of  Waterloo,  1/6. 

impossibilities  of  history,  392.  590. 

Leslie  and  Dr.  Middleton,  324. 

Mackey's  Theory  of  the  Earth,  179. 

— -  Madame  de  Stael,  546. 

C.  (H.  C.)  on  Hoby  family,  19. 

Hodgson's  translation  of  the  Atys  of 

Catullus,  19 

Keate  family,  19. 

three  fleurs-de-lys,  84. 

Cheverells  on  "  abscond,"  347. 

right  of  refuge  in  church  porch,  325. 

Cid  on  armorial  queries,  398. 

canting  arms,  146. 

Fawell  arms  and  crest,  374. 

— -  Grieabach  arms,  350. 


INDEX. 


645 


Cid  on  Smiths  and  Robinsons,  234. 

— —  Three  Crowns  and  Sugar-loaf,  350. 

C.  (J.)  on  Bishop  Atterbury,  395. 

lavidian,  a  fish,  398. 

saw-dust  recipe,  255. 

C.  (J.  T.)on  Merry  weather's  Tempest  Prog- 

nosticator,  i!73. 

Clarus  on  ambiguity  in  writing,  52. 
Clazey  (James  O.)  on  tent  for  collodion 

purposes,  83. 

Clericus  on  Captain  Latinized,  543. 
Clericus  (D.)  on  Burton  family,  183. 
Clericus  Rusticus  on  nuggets,  232. 
C.  (L.  S.)  on  illustrated  Bible,  352. 
C.  (M.  J.)  on  General  Whitelocke,  456. 
C.  (N.)  on  recovery  of  silver,  476. 
Cokely  on    splitting  photographic  paper, 

61. 
Cole  (Henrietta  M.)  on  May-day  custom, 

516. 

Coleman  (F.)  on  "  Ded.  Pavli,"  302. 
Collis  (Thomas)  on  T.  Collis  and  J.  Clen- 

don,  57. 
Collyns  (W.)    on  lines  on  Edward  Law, 

396. 
Comes  Stabuli  on  constable  of  Masham, 

198. 
Conder  (AlfredJ  on   Quakers  executed  at 

Boston,  305. 
Constant  Reader  on  London  fortifications, 

207. 

Cook  (J.)  on  collodion,  525. 
Cooper  (C.   H  )    on    books  burnt  by  the 
common  hangman,  226.  426. 

caps  at  Cambridge,  130. 

. Hobbes'  Behemoth,  332. 

Cooper  (Thompson)  on  Irish  letters,  361. 

Three  Pigeons  inn,  528. 

Cooper    (Wm.  Durrani)    on    Rev.  John 

Waugh,  64. 

Corbie  on  Corbet  family,  515. 
Corner  (G.  R.)  on  Robert  Brown,  494. 
Corney  (Bolton)  on  Conduitt  and  Newton. 
195. 

—  Dryden  on  Shakspeare,  95. 

Encyclopaedia  of  ventilation,  415. 

•         Strawberry-Hill  gem,  3. 

Cowley  (H.  C.)  on  spots  on  collodion  pic- 
tures,  310. 

Cpl.  on  bell  at  Rouen,  529. 

binding  of  old  books,  401. 

Greek  denounced  by  the  monks,  467. 

— —  survival  of  execution,  455. 

Theodore  de  la  Guard,  517. 

word-minting,  529. 

C.  (R.)  on  marriage  ceremony  in  fourteenth 
century,  33. 

C.  (R.  E.)  on  Lowth  of  Sawtrey  :  and  Ro- 
bert Eden,  374. 

C.  (R.  E.  G.)  on  Leicester  as  ranger  of 
Snowdon,  353. 

Crookes  (  Wm.)  on  restoring  old  collodion, 
206. 

Crosfield  (Thos.)  on  Russian  emperors, 
222. 

Crossley  (Francis)  on  Button  Cap,  272. 

cassiteros,  its  etymology,  64. 

Celtic  etymology,  13(5. 

—  Silo,  its  etymology,  42. 

Crossley   (James)   on  epigram  on  Handel 

and  Bononcini,  550. 
C.  (R.  W.)  on  bell  inscription,  593. 
C.  (S.  G.)  on  coronation  stone,  328. 

Herefordshire  folk  lore,  242. 

inheritance,  155. 

oaths,  403. 

sexton  office  in  one  family,  171. 

C.  (T.)  on  quotation  from  lludibras,  &c., 

107. 

C.  (T.  Q.)  on  "  Myself,"  430. 
Ctus  (1.)  on  ancient  tenure  of  lands,  309. 
Cunningham  (Peter)  on  the  black-guard, 

Currey  (G.)  on  Admiral  Hopson,  172. 
C.  ( W.)  on  Amontillado  sherry,  474. 

. longevity  in  the  Society  of  Friends, 

24:3. 
Cyrnro  on  consonants  in  Welsh,  471. 


D. 


D.  on  dates  of  published  works,  148. 

"  Plain  Dealer,"  303. 

Quakers'  calendar,  589. 

Dale  ( S.  Pelham)  on  ferricyanide  of  potas- 
sium, 549. 

D'Alton  (John)  on  James  I.'s  Irish  army 
list,  30.  401. 

Darling  (James)  on  Encyclopaedia  Biblio- 
graphica,  526. 

Daveney  (Henry)  on  Belgium  ecclesiastical 
antiquities,  386. 

Davies  (F.  R.)  on  Clare  legends,  73.  145. 
490. 

cure  for  hydrophobia,  322. 

Dawson  (J.)  on  S.  A.  Mackey,  179. 

D.  (B.)  on  sack,  427. 

D.  (C.  H.)  on  the  "  Commons  of  Ireland," 
35. 

D.  (D.)  on  Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon,  56. 

D.  (E.)  on  Anna  Lightfoot,  233. 

Charnisso,  396. 

Cornwall  family,  576. 

heraldic  query,  325. 

John  of  Gaunt,  576. 

Monaldeschi,  233. 

Quakers  executed  in  North  America, 

603. 

— —  Walton  (Josh.),  420. 

Walton  {Mr.  Canon),  397. 

whipping  a  lady,  419. 

Deck  (Norris)  on  parallel  ideas  from  poets, 

D.  (E.  H.  D.)  on  Hoby  family,  231. 
De  la  Pryme  (C.)  on  Copernicus'  inscrip- 
tion, 553. 

"  Perturbabantur,"  576. 

"  Poscimus  in  vita,"  &c.,  87. 

De  Mareville  (Honor£)  on  Blue  Bells  of 

Scotland,  600. 

Clarence  dukedom,  85. 

Gentile  name?  of  the  Jews,  374. 

Gosling  family,  82. 

holy-loaf  money,  5fi8. 

"  La  Langue  Pandras,"  334. 

right  of  redeeming  property,  602. 

slow-worm  superstition,  73. 

Te  Deum  in  the  Russian  service,  325. 

thumb -biting,  88. 

tortoiseshell  tom-cat,  338. 

Denton  (Wm.)  on  double  Christian  names, 

232. 
Lord  Brougham  and   Home  Tooke, 

575. 

Whitelocke  (Gen.),  202. 

Devoniensis  on  three  fleurs-de-Iys,  35. 
D.  (F.)  on  Major  Andr£,  520. 
D.  (G.)  on  Herbert's  poem  on  Hope,  541. 
—  saw-dust  recipe,  148. 

whapple  or  wapple-way,  232. 

D.  (H.  W.)   on  the  Alibenistic  order  of 

Freemasons,  56. 

monster  found  at  Maidstone,  106. 

paper  water-mark  dates,  32. 

Diamond  (Dr.  H.  W.)  on  calotype  process, 

40. 

double  iodide  solution,  230. 

mounting  positives,  381. 

^—  sensitive  collodion,  158. 

Dixon  (R.  W.)  on  Dixon  of  Beeston,  221. 

D.  (J.)  on  Barmecides  feast,  543. 

Wallace,  the  dramatist,  323. 

D.  (J.  W.  S.)  on  freemasonry,  542. 
D.  (L.  C.)  on  arms  of  Geneva,  110. 
D.  (M.)  on  Burton's  Anatomy,  333. 

Lyra  Apostolica,  407. 

unfinished  works,  258. 

D'O.  (C.  B.)  on  Longfellow's  Reaper,  63. 

Paley's  plagiarisms,  64. 

wurm,  in  German,  63. 

Dobson(Wm.)  on  churches  in  Domesday 

Book,  355. 

D.  (Q.)  on  voisonier,  335. 
D.  (R.  W.)   on  Dixon's  Yorkshire  Dales, 

148. 

D.  O.  M.,  137. 

D.  (S.)  on  pedigrees  to  the  time  of  Alfred, 


D.  (S.)  on  pictures  from  Lord  Vane's  col- 
lection, 171. 
Duane  (William)  on  Sheridan's  patrimony, 

Dunkin  (A.  J.)  on  ancient  tenure  of  lands, 

448. 

Durandus  on  portrait  painters,  563. 
Duthus  on  glass  rod,  62. 
D.  (W.  B.)  on  detached  church  towers,  20. 
Dymond  (Geo.)  on  Longfellow,  425. 
Turkey  and  France,  397. 


E.  (A.)  on  Pope,  469. 

Eastwood  ( J.)  on  "  Go  to  Bath,"  577. 

"  Perturbabantur,"  576. 

Ed.  on  Turner's  paper,  41. 

Edwards  (H.)  on  short  sermon,  589. 

E.  (F.E.)  on  blackguard  boy,  154. 

quotations,  402. 

E.  (F.  S.  B.)  on  sepulchral  monuments, 
587. 

E.  (H.)  on  Anglo-Saxon  graves,  494. 
•  City  commission,  77. 

Eirionnach  on  legends  respecting  bees,  167. 

— —  carronade,  408. 

Catholic  Floral  Directories,  568. 

children  crying  at  their  birth,  343. 

Christ-cross  row,  16-2. 

— —  "  Homo  unius  libri,"  89. 

inscriptions  on  bells,  595. 

life,  591. 

life  and  death,  296. 

man  in  the  moon,  184. 

productions  of  different  carcases,  227. 

— _  Roche  (John)  of  Cork,  217. 

Elcock  (B.  S.)  on  pedigree  to  time  of  Al- 
fred, 552. 

Ellacombe  (H.  T.)   on  arch-priest  in  the 
diocese  of  Exeter,  312. 

bell  at  Rouen,  233. 

bell  literature,  240. 

inscriptions  on  bells,  595. 

— —  ecclesiastical  usages,  257. 

Rous  the  Scottish  psalmist,  440. 

Ellfyn  ap  Gwyddno  on   Eden  pedigrees, 

Leicester  as  ranger  of  Snowdon,  125. 

St.  Nicholas  Cole  Abbey,  107. 

Elliot  (R.  W.)  on  dog- whipping  day  in 
Hull,  64. 

Ellis  (Sir  Henry)  on  letters  of  eminent  li- 
terary men,  7.  28. 

Ellum  on  Clarke's  Charts  of  the  Black  Sea, 
456. 

Erica  on  "  Corporations  have  no  souls," 
431. 

Eryx  on  German  tree,  65. 

Escutcheon  on  Heralds'  College,  248. 

Evans  (Lewis)  on  City  commission,  84. 

E.  (W.  P.)  on  Halcyon  days,  249. 

St.  Blaise  at  Norwich,  353. 

Teddy  the  Tiler,  248. 

Experto  Crede  on  gutta  peicha,  527. 


F. 


F.  on  Ansareys  in  Mount  Lebanon,  169. 
Fairfax  Kinsman  on  Lord  Fairfax,  380. 
Falstaff  on  sack,  272. 
Farrer  (J.  W.)  on  bellman  at  Newgate,  565. 

burial  in  erect  posture,  279. 

Duke  of  Wellington,  396. 

epigram  on  four  lawyers,  103, 

.        "  spires,  whose  silent  finger,"  &c.,  184. 
F.  (C.)  on  Capt.  Farre,  32. 
F.  (C.  E.)  on  albumenized  process,  206.  332. 
—  calotype  process,  16. 

hyposulphite  of  soda  baths,  230. 

.  printing  positives,  406. 
F.  (E.)  on  letters  of  Irish,  Anglo-Saxon, 

&c..  246. 
Ferguson   (J.  F.)   on   chattel  property  in 

Ireland,  394. 
Duval  family,  285. 


INDEX. 


Ferguson  (J.  F.)  on  Irish  records,  536. 

—  Nugent's  (Earl;  poems,  149. 
oaths,  61.  403. 

Rigby  correspondence,  369. 

.         "  To  jump  for  joy,"  466. 
Ferrey  (Benj.)  on  perspective,  378. 
F.  (H.  B.)  on  Roland  the  brave,  476. 
Fisher  (P.  H.)   on  grammars  for   public 

schools,  8. 

Fitch  ( J.  G.)  on  sneezing,  63. 
Fitzroy  (Lord  John)  on  Copernicus,  447. 
F.  (J.  F.)  on  French  refugees,  516. 
F.  (M.  R.)  on  George  III.,  447. 
Fogie  (Old)  on  muffins  and  crumpets,  77. 
Forbes  (C.)  on  Byron  and  Rochefoucauld, 
653, 

classic  authors  and  the  Jews,  478. 

"  Quid  facies,  facies  Venerls,"  18. 

_        Watson's  map  of  Europe,  513. 
Forbes  (Edward)  on  Manx  cats,  112. 
Foss  (Edward)  on  Edward  Bloet,  181. 

—  clubs,  their  origin,  383. 
legal  customs,  41. 

Fox  (George)  on  Abp.  Thurstan's  burial- 
place,  172. 

Fraser  (Archibald)  on  mousehunt,  385. 
Fraser  (Malcolm)   on  the  Bristol  Backs, 

Fraser  ( W.)  on  "  aches  "  a  dissyllable,  571. 

arch-priest  at  Exeter,  105.  185. 

Bishop  Atterbury's  portrait,  163. 

books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  227- 

Convocation  and  the  Propagation  So- 
ciety, 574. 

—  Dominus,  at  Cambridge  and  Oxford, 

222. 

Herbert  (Sir  Anthony),  285. 

orange  blossoms,  527. 

perpetual  curates  in  convocation,  351. 

proverbs  unregistered,  527. 

sufl'ragan  bishops  in  convocation,  35. 

symbolism  in  Raphael's  pictures,  589. 

Frere  (Geo.  E.)  on  Garrick's  funeral  epi- 
gram, 529. 

—  rubric  in  the  Holy  Communion,  566. 
Frideswide  on  Purlet  de  Mir.  Nat,  126. 
Furvus  on  Bunyan's  descendants,  223. 

F.  (W.  D.)  on  acrostic  on  John  Glauvill, 
322. 

F.  (\V.  M.)  on  the  Pax  pennies,  562. 

G. 

G.  on  canting  arms,  256. 

. Clarence  dukedom,  45. 

Francis  Browne,  41. 

Leeming  Hail,  351. 

prospectuses,  45. 

quotations  from  Horace,  552. 

Scotch  grievance,  284. 

"  Semper  eadem,"  motto,  78. 

r.  on  criminals  restored  to  life,  282. 

G.  (A.)  on  letter  of  the  Countess  of  Bless- 

ington,  268. 

Gantillon  (P.  J.  F.)   on  ballad  on  Thos. 
Syddale,  105. 

Calves'  Head  Club,  88. 

Cambridge    mathematical    questions, 

338. 

Cromwellian  glove?,  538. 

Greek  epigram,  89. 

quotations  wanted,  421. 

. tavern  signs,  331. 

Gardner  (J.  D.)  on  the  conventional  term 

miser,  12. 
Gatty  ( Alfred)  on  "  A  feather  in  your  cap," 

Amontillado  sherry,  222. 

heiress  of  Haddon  Hall,  452. 

martyrs  feeling  pain,  246. 

polygamy,  330. 

Shrove  Tuesday,  504. 

G.  (C.)  on  coin  of  Carausius,  148. 
G.  (C.  M  )  on  Christmas  ballad,  325. 
George  of  Minister  on  the  Legend  of  the 

Seven  Sisters,  465. 
G.  (F.)  on  monumental  brassos,  268. 

Sir  G.  Felbrigge's  brass,  326. 

G.  (F.  J.)  on  judges'  black  cap,  399. 


G.  (H.)  on  arms  of  Richard,  King  of  the 
Romans,  185. 

— •  Lord  Fairfax,  156.  572. 

Whittington's  stone,  501. 

G.  (H.  T.)  on  forlorn  hope,  161. 

miser,  161. 

nightingale  and  thorn,  162. 

starvation,  152. 

Thornton  Abbey,  161. 

Gill  (Thomas)  on  Osmotherley,  in  York- 
shire, 152. 

Widdrington  family,  550. 

Gillott  (Mordan)  on  Longfellow's  Hype- 
rion, 495. 

G.  (J.)  on  heraldic  bearings,  480. 

Plowden's  portrait,  113. 

G.  (J.  M.)  on  Griffin's  Kidessa,  27. 

G.  (J.  R.)  on  book  inscriptions,  122. 

broom  at  mast-head,  518. 

inscription  at  Llangollen,  513. 

Songs  of  Degrees,  376. 

G.  (J.  W.  G  )  on  Prospect  House,  Clerken- 
well,  375. 

Tremesin's  portrait,  375. 

G.  (L.)  on  General  Whitelocke,  455. 

Glan  Tywi  (Gwilym)  on  consonants  'in 
Welsh,  471. 

Gloucestrensis  on  the  use  of  pure,  527. 

Glywysydd  on  the  Red  Cow  sign,  87. 

Godwin  (E.  W.)  on  De  Gurney  pedigree, 
324. 

St.  Philip's,  Bristol,  150. 

Goedes  de  Griiter  (Professor)  on  high  and 
low  Dutch,  132. 

Goldencross  on  Clarence  dukedom,  224. 

Gole  (Russell)  on  attainment  of  majority, 
18. 

inheritance,  154. 

Lawless  Court,  Rochford,  11. 

Gondola  on  Canaletto's  views  round  Lon- 
don, 106. 

Gordon  (<J.  J.  R.)  on  bell  inscriptions,  109. 

Gough  (H.)  on  books  burnt,  by  the  hang* 
man,  227. 

hunting  bishops,  432. 

G.  (R.)  on  Bingham's  Antiquities,  308. 

Consilium  Delectorum  Cardinalium, 

252. 

Grantham  on  calotype  negatives,  502. 

Graves  (James)  on  John  Bale,  Bishop  of 
Ossory,  324. 

De  Rous  family,  222. 

Dutch  East  India  Company,  98. 

Griffith  (Wm.),  Bishop  of  Os.-ory,  421. 

Graves  (J.  T.)  on  books  burnt  by  the  hang- 
man, 227. 

table-turning  in  early  times,  88. 

Green  (E.  Dyer)  on  bell  inscriptions,  109. 

Green  (Joseph  Henry)  on  Coleridge's  un- 
published MSS.,  543. 

Grimalkin  on  nursery  rhyme,  286. 

G.  (R.  H.)  on  Consolato  del  Mare,  271. 

"  Vanitatem  observare,"  247.  311. 

G.  (S.  C.)  on  the  origin  of  etiquette,  106. 

G.  (S.  E.)  on  foreign  orders,  10. 

Gunner  (W.  H.)  on  Gower's  marriage 
licence,  487. 

• queries  on  Sonth's  Sermons,  515. 

Gwillim  on  the  Bleohenden  family,  422. 


H. 


H.  on  Caricature ;  A  Canterbury  Tale,  351. 

German  engravings,  57. 

"  I  could  not  love  thee,"  &c.,  125. 

medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George,  311. 

motto  on  old  damask,  11. 

sheriff  of  Somersetshire  in  1765,  173. 

H.  of  Morwenstow  on  Carol  for  the  Kings, 
53. 

legend  of  the  hive,  231. 

— —  lines  on  life  and  death,  481. 
— —  Sunday,  its  commencement  and  end- 
ing, 284. 

Halle  (Dr.  H.  F<)  on  botanic  names,  537. 
Halliwell   (J.  O.)   on    critical  readings  in 

Shakspeare,  540. 
Shakspeare  a  landed  proprietor,  75. 


Hammack  (J.  T.)  on  Longfellow,  424. 

H.  (A.  O.)  on  mistranslation  in  Hoveden, 

113. 
Hardwick  (C.)  on  Consilium  Delectorum 

Cardinalium,  380. 
Harris  (Jbhn  Wm.)  on  the  asteroids,  &c., 

129. 

Harry  (James  Spence)  on  battle  of  Villers- 
en-Couche,  208. 

General  Whitelocke,  201. 

Hart  (Percy  M.)  on  female  parish  clerks, 

162. 
Hartley  (Leonard  L.)  on  poets-laureate, 

335. 

Hartly  (L.)  on  Lord  Mayor  a  privy  coun- 
cillor, 137. 

Harvardiensis  on  anonymous  works,  244. 
Hassan  on  the  Turkish  language,  352. 
Hawker  (R.  S.)  on  "  Firm  was  their  faith," 

135. 
Hawkins  (Edward)  on  Scotch  grievance, 

160. 

Hawkins  (John)  on  ominous  storms,  494. 
Hayes  (Geo.)  on  Pliny's  dentistry,  467. 
Hayman  (Samuel)  on  corporation  enact- 
ment, 528. 
— -  passage  in  Sophocles,  42. 

Roland  the  brave,  476. 

wurm,  in  modern  German,  154. 

Hazel  ( W.)  on  ancient  church  usages,  567. 

mousehunt,  602. 

— '• —  myrtle-bee,  6*02. 

"  Putting  a  spoke  in  his  wheel,"  601. 

H.  (C.)  on  Board  of  Trade,  562. 

Brown  (Sir  Adam  and  Sir  Ambrose), 

564. 

cabbages,  424.  576. 

Dublin  maps,  174. 

sale  of  offices  in  seventeenth  century, 

562. 
Sheffield,  Earl  of  Mulgrave's  letter, 

373. 
value  of  money  in  the  seventeenth 

century,  375. 

voisonier,  334. 

HI.  (C.)   on  demoniacal  descent  of  the 

Plantagenets,  550. 

wapple,  or  whapple-way,  232. 

H  2.  (C.)  on  Longfellow,  255. 
H.  (D.)  on  Kresick  and  Freswick,  174. 
H.  (E.)  on  Barrel's  regiment,  159. 
Dr.  Bragge,  126. 

—  "  Had  I  met  thee  in  thy  beauty,"  374. 

, Knight's  Quarterly  Magazine,  103. 

H.  (E.  C.)  on  Celtic  etymology,  40.  205. 
Hele  (Henry)  on  alburnenized  paper,  254. 
Dr.  Mansell's  process,  182. 

mounting  of  photographs,  381. 

Hesleden  (William  S.)  on  the  fifth  Lord 
Byron,  232. 

Hewett  (J.  W.)  on  columbarium  in  a 
church  tower,  541. 

ancient  usages  of  the  Church,  566. 567. 

H.  (F.)  on  Burke's  domestic  correspon- 
dence, 207. 

H.  (F.  C.)  on  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints, 
360. 

Catholic  Bible  Society,  111. 

"  Could  we  with  ink,"  &c.,  482. 

dogs  in  monumental  brasses,  249. 

hour-glasses  and  pulpit  inscription,135. 

— ^-  inn  signs,  251. 

Kirkpatrick's  Norwich  MSS.,  564. 

marmortinto,  or  sand-painting,  217. 

mawkin,  fiOl. 

"  Ned  o'  the  Todding,"  135. 

— —  progress  of  the  war,  538. 

Roman  Catholic  patriarchs,  384. 

Shelley's  Prometheus  Unbound,  481. 

Three  Crowns  and  a  Sugar-loaf,  481. 

H.  (H.)  on  Talbot's  patents,  8*. 

Hibberd  (Shirley)  on  gutta  percha,  527.      , 

tailless  cats  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  10. 

willow-bark  in  ague,  571. 

Higgins  ( Wm.)  on  female  parish  clerk,  432. 
H.  (J.)  on  Cranmer's  martyrdom,  547. 
H.  (J.  A.)  on  "  What  is  truth  ?"  466.  , 

—  word-minting,  335. 

Hoare  (G.  T.)  on  perspective,  300.  577. 


INDEX. 


617 


Hockin  (J.  B  )  on  cyanide  of  potassium,  230. 

Hodges  (Geo.)  onbranks,  or  gossips'bridles, 
149. 

Hooper  (Richard)  on  plea  for  the  City 
churches,  51. 

reprints  of  early  Bibles,  487. 

2i'*i{x,  126.      ' 

Hospes  on  Gresebrok,  in  Yorkshire,  285- 

Howlett  (VV.  E.)  on  right  of  refuge  in 
church  porch,  597. 

H.  (P.  A.)  on  "  Perturbabantur,"  577. 

H.  (R.)  on  papyrus,  specimen  wanted,  222. 

Vallancey's  Green  Book,  347. 

H.  (T.  B.  B.)  on  tavern  signs,  331. 

Hufreer  on  Hunter  of  Polinood,  198. 

Hughes  (T.)  on  Edward  Brerewood,  173. 

• brothers  of  the  same  Christian  name, 

43. 

Cobb  family,  409. 

double  Christian  names,  359. 

Inman  family,  353. 

—  Milton's  widow,  225. 

parochial  libraries,  186. 

Wood  of  Chester,  430. 

Hunt  (Robert)  on  photographic  studies,  182. 

Husenbeth  (Dr  F.  C.)  on  Lyra's  Com- 
mentary, 503. 

"  Vanitatem  observare,"  385. 

Hutchinson(.P.CO  on  bell  inscriptions,  592. 

H,  (W.)  on  anecdotes  of  George  IV.,  338. 

H.  ( W.  D.)  on  hour-glass  in  pulpits,  253. 

nnster  of  the  nails,  36. 

H.  (W.  W.)  on  Henry  IV.  of  France,  106. 

Hypatia  on  translation  from  Goldsmith,  59. 


I. 


I.  (B.  R.)  on  Culet,  36. 
I.  (E.  W.)  on  Longfellow,  256. 
Ignoramus  on  an  imperfect  Bible,  273. 
Indian  Subscriber  on  coronation  stone,  123. 
Ingleby    (C.  Mansfield)    on    begging  the 

question,  284. 
— —  Cambridge  Apparition  Society,  150. 

Cambridge    mathematical   questions, 

'    184. 

Coleridge's  Christabel,  455. 

Coleridge's  unpublished  MSS.,496,591. 

designation  of  works  under  review, 

516. 

eliminate,  its  correct  meaning,  119. 

—  grammar  in  relation  to  logic,  21. 

••  initiative "  and  "psychology,"  271. 

Job  xix.  26.,  303. 

newspaper  folk  lore,  276. 

perspective,  379. 

— —  proverbs,  unregistered,  392. 
Inquest  on  Humphry  Repton,  400. 
Inquirer  on  Benjamin  Rush,  451. 
Investigator  on  ruin  near  St.  Asaph,  375. 

chintz  gowns,  397. 

Irish  law  in  the  eighteenth  century, 

varnish  for  old  books,  423. 

Iota  on  Cambridge  mathematical  questions, 

35. 
,.  Ith.  on  B.  Simmons,  397. 


J. 


J.  on  florins  and  the  royal  arms,  59. 

garlands,  broadsheets,  &c  ,  347. 

Kynoch  as  a  surname,  148. 

Jacob  (Eustace  W.)  on  battle  of  the  gnats, 

303. 

folk  lore,  299. 

Hampshire  folk  lore,  446. 

Nelson's  inedited  letter,  241. 

James  on  a  female  aide-major,  397. 

James  (John)  on  apparition  of  the  white 

lady,  431. 
—  domestic  chapels.  219. 

female  parish  clerk,  431. 

Jarltzberg  on  party  similes  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  9i>. 
Jaydee  on  blackguar'd,  503. 
Jaj  tee  on  Ralph  Ashton,  272.  325. 


J.  (C.)  on  Granbysign,  360. 

John  Locke,  493. 

Jessop  (Augustus)  on  Honoria,  daughter 
of  Lord  Denny,  451. 

J.  (E.  W.)  on  hay-bread  recipe,  325. 

— -  hydrop  ithy,  395. 

, salutations,  420. 

tolling  bell  on  leaving  church,  312. 

J.  (G.)  on  tailless  cats,  480. 

J.  (H.)  on  survival  of  execution,  454. 

willow-bark  in  ague,  572. 

J.  (J.  C. )  on  the  Passion  of  our  Lord  dra- 
matised, 529. 

J.  (J.  W.)  on  parallel  passages,  346. 

J.  (L.)  on  waestart,  571. 

John  o'  the  Ford  on  ati  anagram,  42. 

death-warnings  in  ancient  families,  55. 

heraldic  anomaly,  298. 

Morant  family,  250. 

publican's  invitation,  448. 

termination  "  -by,"  523. 

three  fleurs-de-lys,  225. 

Johnson  (Goddard)  on  Cris-cross  row,  457. 

inscriptions  on  bells.  596. 

right  of  refuge  in  church  porch,  597. 

J.  (P.)  on  "  Luke's  iron  crown,"  57. 

J.  (T.)  on  Caldecott's  New  Testament,  600. 

Juverna  on  brothers  of  the  same  Christian 
name,  185. 

Elstob  family,  553. 

recent  curiosities  of  literature,  136. 

475. 

J.  (W.)  on  the  salubrity  of  Hallsal,  495, 


K. 


K.  on  Charta  Hen.  II.,  323. 

licences  to  crenellate,  276. 

whitewashing  in  churches,  148. 

K.  (C.  F.)  on  hospital  of  John  of  Jerusa- 
lem, 451. 

Kelly  (Wm.)  on  criminals  restored  to  life. 
280. 

inn  signs,  252. 

whitewashing  in  churches,  286. 

K.  (G.  H.)  on  derivation  of  Silo,  42. 

K.  (J.)  on  Berkhampstead  records,  56. 

Fleet  prison  officers,  76. 

Francklyn  Household  Book,  422. 

Guye,  or  Gye,  of  the  Temple,  35. 

Tilly  of  the  Westminster  Courts,  35. 

Willesdon  in  Middlesex,  422. 

K.  (J.  M.)  on  manuscript  catena,  33. 

K.  (L.  P.)  on  Authors'  Trustee  Society, 
269. 

Knight  (J.)  on  Cobb  family,  409. 


L.  on  Aristotle  on  living  Law,  457. 

Cowper,  quotations  in,  217. 

garble,  360. 

inscription  on    Lindsey  Courthouse, 

552.  602. 

mawkin,  385. 

Page,  its  etymology,  255. 

paper  water-marks,  75. 

Hio-ris,  its  derivation,  551. 

polygamy,  409. 

postage  system  of  the  Romans,  549. 

Vandyking,  5S9. 

"  Vanitatem  observare,"  386. 

A.  on  scarlet  regimentals,  55. 

L.  (1.)  on  Darwin  on  Steam,  408. 

L.  (A.)  on  wurm,  in  modern  German,  154. 

Laicus  on  sangarede,  495. 

Lammin  (W.  H.)  on  Grammont's  Memoirs, 

204.  356.  584. 
Lamont  (C.  D.)  on  carronade,  its  deriva- 

tion,  246. 

Greenock  fair,  242. 

mantel-piece,  302. 

Scottish  female  dress,  271. 

Lancastriensis  on  Alva's  portrait,  158. 

Sir  Matthew  Hale's  descendants,  160. 

Lane(Harley)  on  waxed-paper  pictures, 


Lathbury  (Thomas)  on  Primers  temp. 
Queen  Elizabeth,  170. 

Lawrie  (James)  on  Benjamin  Rush,  603. 

L.  (C.)  on  Mr.  Plumley,  516. 

L.  (C.  P.)  on  Lemying  of  Burneston,  325. 

L.  (D.)  on  society  for  burning  the  dead,  76. 

Leach  man  (J,)  on  deepening  collodion  ne- 
gatives, 282. 

double  iodide  solution,  182. 

nitrate  of  silver,  181. 

Leachman  (Francis  J.)  on  classic  authors 
and  the  Jews,  384. 

L.  (E.  H.  M.)  on  the  cassock,  479. 

Leyton  on  mother  of  thirty  children,  419. 

L.  (G.  R.)  on  Celtic  in  Devon,  373. 

—  Dorset,  a  beverage,  311. 

L.  (H.)  on  Hoglandia,  362. 

retainers  of  seven  shares  and  a  half, 

199. 

L.  (J.)  on  life  and  death,  481. 

L.  (J.  H.)  on  Bp.  Andrews'  sermons,  350. 

Politian's  epitaph,  62. 

L.  (L.  B.)  on  wafers,  410. 

"  Wise  men  labour,"  &c.,  468. 

Llewelyn  (J.  D.)  on  photographic  expe- 
rience, 456. 

L.  (L.  L.)  on  inscriptions  on  buildings,  492. 

L.  (MA.)  on  lines  on  Woman,  17. 

Loccan  on  heraldic  query,  271. 

Locke  (J.)  on  Russia  and  Turkey,  103. 

Wallace  (Sir  J.)  and    Mr.  Browne, 

Lodbrok  on  Earl  of  Glencairn,  452. 

Londoner  on  newspaper  folk  lore,  29. 

L.  (R.)  on  standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer, 

257. 
L.  (T.  P.)  on  Lysons'  MSS.,  57. 

Maisterson's  Lords'  descents,  76. 

Luccus  on  rutabaga,  399. 

Lux  in  Camera  on  photographic  cautions, 

525. 

Lyte  (F.  Maxwell)  on  collodion,  157. 
new  instantaneous  process,  570. 


M. 


M.  on  starvation,  152. 

jet.  on  arms  and  motto  of  Col.  William 
Carlos,  10. 

M.  (2)  on  charade  on  Whitelocke,  458. 

—  Christopher  Wren  and  the  young 
carver,  20. 

newspaper  folk  lore,  277. 

non-recurring  diseases,  38. 

M.  A.  (Ballot)  on  Somersetshire  folk  lore, 
536. 

M.  (A.  C.)  on  Aska  or  Asca,  488. 

Enareans,  101. 

"  Feather  in  your  cap,"  378. 

MacCulloch  (Edgar)  on  De  Beauvoir  pedi- 
gree, 596. 

French  season  rhymes,  277. 

hand-bells  at  funerals,  478. 

— —  mantel-piece,  576. 

meals,  meols,  553. 

separation  of  sexes  in  churches,  336. 

weather  rules,  307. 

Mackenzie  (Kenneth  R.  H.)  on  ancient 
American  languages,  194. 

Macray  (John)  on  Brydone  the  tourist, 
138.  305. 

Cunningham  (Mr.  P.),  75. 

electric  telegraph,  360. 

Fata  Morgana,  267. 

La  Rochefoucauld,  320. 

occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  13. 

— —  Olympic  Plain,  526. 

Russell,  or  Du  Rozel,  the  house  of, 

416. 

Russia,  Turkey,  and  the  Black  Sea, 

132. 

Turkey  and  Russia,  348. 

table-turning,  39. 

Wotton  (Sir  Henry),  his  "  Character 

of  a  Happy  Life,"  420. 

Madden  ( Sir  Frederick)  on  the  "  Ancren 

•    Riwle,"5. 


618 


INDEX. 


Maitland  (Dr.  S.  R.)  on  Bunyan's  MSS., 
104. 

-  -  rapping  no  novelty,  12. 
M'Allister  (W.  G.)  on  pedigree  of  Capt. 

Cook,  423. 

Mansel  (H.   L.)   on   conjunctions  joining 
propositions,  279. 

-  gravelly  wax  negatives,  456. 
Mansell  (M.  L.)  on  the  calotype  on    the 

sea-shore,  134. 

Mansell  (T.  L.)  on  double  iodide  solution, 
310. 

-  photographic  experience,  501. 
Margoliouth  (Moses)  on  Cephas,  a  binder, 

and  not  a  rock,  358. 

-  Job  xix.  26.,  428. 

-  Psalm  cxxvii.  2.,  its  translation,  107. 
Mariconda  on  a  hint  to  publishers,  146. 

-  .  reprints  suggested,  171. 

Markland  (J.  H.)  on   Addison's   Hymns, 
424. 

-  Sir  Thomas  Browne  and  Bishop  Ken, 

258. 

Marsh    (J.   F.)  on  grammars  for    public 
schools,  209. 

—  Milton's  widow,  38. 

Martin  (H.)  on  the  aboriginal  Britons,  399. 

-  Bohn's  reprint  of  Woodfall's  Junius, 

584. 

Martin   (John)  on  Dramatic  and  Poetical 
Works,  173. 

—  Historical  Reminiscences  of  O'Byrnes, 

&c.,  11. 

-  Outlines  of  the  History  of  Theology, 
303. 

Matthews  (Wm.)  on  John  Bale,  Bishop  of 
Ossory,  407. 

—  fire-irons,  antiquity  of,  80. 

-  Longfellow's  originality,  77. 

-  terminations  "  -by,"  and  "  -ness,"  522. 
Mayor  tj.  E.  B.)on  Ascham's  Letters,  588. 

-  epigram  ascribed  to  Herbert,  301. 

-  St.  Augustine  on  clairvoyance,  511. 
M.  (B.)  on  Three  Pigeons  inn,  528. 

M.  (C.  R.)  on  cissle,  its  meaning,  334. 


—  —  stone  pulpits,  79. 
-  whitewashi 


ing  in  churches,  287. 
McC.  on  "  that,"  a  grammatical  puzzle,  300. 
Me  Nab  (Kennedy)  on  branks,  578. 

-  mawkin,  601. 

.  -  Mirabeau,  Talleyrand,  and    Fouche, 
542. 

-  Odd  Fellows,  578. 

M.  (E.)  on  "  Corruptio  optimi,"  &c.,  173. 

-  Fairfax  (Lord),  380. 

-  proxies  for  absent  sponsors,  324. 
M.  (E.  J.)  on  "  Man  proposes,"  &c.,  203. 
Melville  (N.  L.)  on  starvation,  151. 
Metcalfe  (T.)  on  vellum-bound  Junius,  74. 
Mewburn  (F.)  on  the  king's  prerogative, 

247. 


provincial  glossaries  in  MS.,  303. 

(F. 
85. 


M.  (F.  R.)  on  quotation  from  Wordsworth, 


M.  (G.  R.)  on  hour-glass  stand,  64. 
M.  (H.)  on  Richard  Fitz-Alan,  516. 
M.  (H.  H.)  on  General  Stokes,  34. 

Philip  Morant,  34. 

Sir  John  Morant,  56. 

Middleton   (F.  M.)  on  the  bothy  system, 

305. 

— —  fox-hunting,  307. 
—  mousehunt,  385. 

Roland  the  brave,  476. 

Selah,  423. 

Mills  (James)  on  per  centum  sign,  451. 
M.  (J.)  on  books  not  completed,  147. 
.         church  service,  preliminary  texts,  515. 
death-warnings   in    ancient  families, 

335. 

English  literature,  244. 

English  liturgy,  466. 

Hue's  Travels,  19. 

Notes  and  Queries  on  the  Ormulum, 

465. 
New    Zealander     and    Westminster 

Bridge,  159. 

precious  stones,  2S4. 

Scott  (Sir  W.)  and  Sir  W.  Napier,  53. 


M.  (J.)  on  table-turning,  502. 

Talfourd  (Justice)  and  Dr.  Beattie, 

497. 

Uhland,  the  German  poet,  147. 

M.  (J.  F.)  on  an  edition  of  Othello,  577. 

M.  ( J.  H.)  on  tolling  bell  on  leaving  church, 
125. 

M'K.  (J.)  on  eclipse  in  the  year  1263,  17. 

— —  member  of  parliament  electing  him- 
self, 285. 

vellum-cleaning,  17. 

—  wooden  tombs,  17. 

M.  (L.)  on  M.  Oufle's  History,  57. : 

M.  (L.  B.)  on  funeral  customs,  89. 

M-n  (J.)  on  consonants  in  Welsh,  271. 

Monson  (Lord)  on  Brydone,  496. 

factitious  pedigrees,  275. 

Morgan  (Octavius)  on  an  ancient  clock, 
302. 

Morgan  (Professor  A.  De)  on  "  Book  6f 
Almanacs,"  561. 

geometrical  curiosity,  14. 

Morris  (F.  O.)  on  Braddock  and  Orme, 
562. 

Mountjoy  on  egger  moths,  148. 

M.  (P.  M.)  on  quacks,  345. 

M.  (S.)  on  Addison  and  W^itts,  373. 

M.  (S.  R.)  on  Cranmer's  Bible,  119. 

M.  (S.  S.)  on  "  Forgive,  blest  shade,"  542. 

Mummery  (John)  on  Haas,  the  sand- 
painter,  327. 

M.  (W.  H.)  on  Lord  Fairfax,  10. 

M.  (W.  M.)  on  Hervie  (Christopher),  272. 

"  One  while  1  think,"  &c.,  76. 

M.  (W.  P.)  on  Col.  St.  Leger,  76. 

M.  (  W.  T.)  on  bell  inscription,  593. 

cassie,  396. 

hogmanay,  495. 

judges  practising  at  the  bar,  450. 

preliminary  texts  in  church  service, 

515. 

satin,  its  derivation,  17. 

tippet,  its  derivation,  370. 

M.  (Y.  S.)  on  army  lists  of  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  centuries,  589. 

Bishop  Bathurst,  422. 

Bosvill  (Ralph)  of  Bradbourn,  467. 

Boyle  family,  494. 

buckle,  576. 

Crewkerne  (Henry)  of  Exeter,  467. 

Geering  (Richard),  337. 

Fitzgerald  (Edward),  494. 

golden  tooth,  337. 

grafts  on  the  parent  tree,  337. 

Harrington  (Lord),  336. 

heraldic  puzzle,  513. 

Heralds'  College,  469. 

Irish  rhymes,  575. 

. John  of  Gaunt's  descendants,  432. 

Long  Parliament,  423. 

"  obtains,"  its  conventional  use,  589. 

"  Put,"  its  pronunciation,  432. 

Temple  (Dame  Hester),  468. 

Theobald  le  Botiller,  336. 

Usher  (Sir  William),  576. 

Wellesley  or  Wesley,  576. 


N.  on  the  Belle  Sanvage,  89. 

origin  of  the  name  of  Norton,  272. 

Narro  on  tenth  regiment  of  light  dragoons, 
85. 

N.  (D.)  on  French  London  Gazette,  86. 

Neglectus  on  inscription  on  Lindsey  court- 
house, 602. 

Newburiensis  on  quotation,  402. 

Shrove  Tuesday  custom,  324. 

tolling  bell  on  leaving  church,  312. 

567. 

N.  (G.)  on  blackguard  boy,  153. 

Nelson  and  Trafalgar,  297. 

starvation,  152. 

N.  (G.  E.  T.  S.  R.)  on  bell  inscriptions, 
109. 

stone  Dulpits,  80. 

Nimmo  (Thomas)  on  disease  among  cattle, 
445. 


N.  (L.  M.)  on  an  edition  of  Othello,  577. 
Notary  on  dog-whippers,  499. 

north-west  passage,  516. 

Nourse  (Wm.  E.  E.)   on  communication! 

with  Iceland,  53. 

Novice  on  Governor- General  of  India,  327. 
Novus  on  archaic  words,  491. 
Consilium  Delectorum    Cardinalium, 

381. 
N.  (S.)  on  "  Cow  Doctor,"  its  author,  246. 

"  Innocents,"  a  drama,  272. 

Scroope  family,  350. 

• SoomarokofTs      "  Demetrius,"      ita 

translator,  246. 
N.  (T.  L.)  on  "  oriel,"  400. 
N.  (T.  S.)  on  Devereux  Bowly,  285. 

Longfellow,  424. 

$.  ($2£.)  on  ordinary,  219. 
N.  (W.  M.)  on  D.  O.  M.,  286. 


O. 


O.  on  photographic  query,  406. 

Oakden  on  John  Ogden,  541. 

O'Coffey  (Thos.)  on  consonants  in  Welsh, 

Odd  Fish  on  blind  mackerel,  245. 

Offbr  (George)  on  John  Bunyan,  129.  223. 

Canned  Bible,  563. 

Field's  Bible,  563. 

O.  (CTeo.)  on  licences  to  crenellate,  276. 

O.  (J.)  on  books  burnt  by  the  hangman, 
425. 

.        curious  old  pamphlet,  391. 

•  Dryden  and  Milbourne,  563. 

Lord  Rosehill,  519. 

Obsolete  Statutes,  562. 

remarkable  imprints,  143. 

"  Rodondo,  or  the  .State  Jugglers," 

589. 

O.  (J.  B.)  on  Oxford  jeu  d'esprit,  168. 

O.  (J.  P.)  on  Secunde  Personne  of  the 
Trinltie,  114. 

Oldbuck  on  marriage  agreement,  193. 

Queen  Anne's  medal,  399. 

O.  (N.)  on  domestic  letters  of  Edmund 
Burke,  9. 

O.  (R.)  on  Irish  law  in  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, 428. 

Orde  (J.  P.)  on  "  Horam  coram  dago," 
186. 

Osmanli  on  Turkish  language,  456. 

Oxoniensis  on  Longfellow  families,  174. 

teeth  superstition,  64. 


p. 

P.  on  Monteith,  452. 

«« Perturbabantur        Constantinopoli- 

tani,"  452. 
Paget  (Arthur)  on  Cobb  family,  272. 

picture  queries,  198. 

Paling  (E.  P.)  on  significant  hint,  197- 

tailless  cats,  209. 

tavern  signs,  331. 

Parker  (J.  H.)  on  Domestic  Architecture, 

220. 
Patonce  on  Amontillado  wine,  336. 

achievement  in  Yorkshire,  349. 

bell  inscriptions,  594. 

fifteenths  or  fystens,  176. 

—  Killigrew  family,  199. 

.  Red  Cow  —  Cromwell's  carriages,  306. 

Seymour  (Elizabeth),  174. 

Young  Pretender,  230. 

Pattison  (S.  R.)  on  Arthuriana,  371. 

stone  chisels,  321. 

P.  (C.  F.)  on  tolling  bell  on  leaving  church, 

P.  (C.  H.)  on  Alan,  its  derivation,  192. 

P.    (C.  K.)    on     epitaph     in    Tillingham 

Church,  9. 

P.  (C—  S.  T.)  on  Cotterell  (Sir  Charles), 
208. 

epitaphium  Lucretije,  112. 

hour-glass  stand,  253. 


INDEX. 


619 


Peacock  (Edward)  on  Calves'.head  club,  15. 

dog-whipping  custom,  65. 

Lyra's  Commentary,  323. 

—  newspaper  folk  lore,  523. 

Pakeologi,  the  last  of,  312. 

Pemberton  (Oliver)  on  criminals  restored 

to  life,  280. 
Penn  on  French  or  Flemish  arms,  511. 

•«  Old  Dominion,"  468. 

P.  (E.  O.)  on  Charles  II.'s  attendants  in 

Spain,  272. 

Perthensis  on  Richard  of  St.  Victor,  352. 
P.  (H.)  on  Aristotle,  373. 

costume  of  the  clergy  not  Enarean, 

337. 

inheritance,  155. 

Moral  Philosophy,  works  on,  351. 

nattochiis  and  calchanti,  183. 

oaths,  45. 

. Passion  of  our  Lord  dramatised,  373. 

—  tenure  of  lands,  309. 

Thomas  3  Kempis,  87.  384. 

<P.  on  the  derivation  ofrirns,  551. 

<1>.  (1)  on  sovereigns  dining  in  public,  120. 

Q>i\ou.ot6rx  on  spinning-machine  of  the  an~ 

cients,  515. 
Phipps  (Edmund)    on  Canaletto's  views, 

288.  337. 
Pinkerton  (W.)  on  emblems  of  precious 

stones,  37. 

P.  (J.)  on  "ingenious  man,"  in  Niebuhr, 
56. 

paintings  of  Our  Saviour,  270. 

"  Poeta  nascitur,  non  fit,"  398. 

P.  (J.  H.)  on  the  launch  of  the  Prince 


Koyal,  464. 
P.   (J.  R.)  on  the   antiquity   of 
219. 


1  snub," 


-  papyr 

-  Pickar 


P.  (J.  T.)  on  funeral  customs,  566. 

P.  (M.)  on  the  Irish  at  the  battle  of  Crecy, 

517. 
Potter  (T.  R.)  on  Bersethrigumnue,  373. 

-  De  Beauvoir  pedigree,  349. 

-  Lady  Jane  Grey,  373. 

-  ridings  and  chaffings,  370. 

Powell  (John  H.)  on  map  of  Dublin,  287. 
P.  (P.)  on  albumenized  paper,  502. 

-  --  ancient  church  usages,  567. 

-  imp,  its  singular  use,  113. 

-  Jacobite  garters,  528. 
Monteith,  599. 

rus,  529. 
ickard  family,  87. 

-  reversible  masculine  names,  184. 

-  tailless  cats,  209. 

P.  (P.  P.)  on  Robert  Hall,  temp.  James  II., 
76. 

-  Plowden's  portrait,  56. 

P.  (R.)  on  Dorset,  a  beverage,  247. 
Presloniensis  on  armorial  supporters,  421. 

-  "  A  regular  Turk,"  451. 

-  Chapel  Sunday,  527. 

-  Holland,  421. 

-  King  John,  453. 

—  knobsticks,  373. 

—  —  Meols,  a  parish,  409. 

—  Roman  roads  in  England,  325. 

—  slavery  in  England,  421. 

-  Wesley  and  Wellington  families,  399. 
Probert  (C.  K.)  on  light  in  cameras,  548. 
Y.  on  *i*Tis,  unde  deriv.,  324. 

P.  (S.  L.)  on  Ferdinand  Charles  III,  598. 
Pumphrey  (W.)  on  the  ceroleine  process, 
429. 

9- 

Q.  on  the  early  use  of  "  came,"  112. 

-  Lord   Brougham  and  Home   Tooke, 

398. 

—  starvation,  an  Americanism,  54. 
Q.  (S.  P.)  on  Shropshire  ballad,  320. 

-  Shrove  Tuesday  custom,  299. 


R. 


R.  (A.  B.)  on  Bible  of  15-27,  504. 

— —  Caricature  :  A  Canterbury  Tale,  433. 


R.  (A.B.)on  epitaph  in  Lavenham  Church, 

369. 

"  Es  tu  Scolaris,"  540. 

Rawlinson  (Robert)  on  the  social  effects  of 

severe  weather,  103. 

R.  (C.)  on  criminals  restored'to  life,  282. 
R.  (C.  T.)  on  Cawley  the  regicide,  247. 
Reader  on  a  photographic  query,  41. 

prize  for  best  collodion,  254. 

Reading  on  "  Hovd  Maet  of  Laet,"  148. 
Reed  (James)  on  Jacobite  club,  300. 
R.  (E.  G.)  on  A.M.  and  M.A.,  599. 

chair,  or  char,  351. 

mousehunt,  135. 

• starvation,  152. 

Regent  M.A.  on  caps  at  Cambridge,  27. 
Relton  (F.B.)  on  the  Eastern  question,  244. 
Respondens  on    privileges  of  Canterbury 

see,  286. 
R.  (F.  R.)  on  Dorset,  a  beverage,  311. 

quotation,  "  Firm  was  their  faith,"  17. 

R.  (G.),  York,  on  initials  in  glass  quarries, 

515. 

Three  Crowns  and  Sugar-loaf,  481 . 

R.  (G.  D.)  on  Rev.  Joshua  Brooks,  64. 
R.  (G.  W.)  on  Cranmer's  martyrdom,  548. 
Riley  (Henry  T.)  on  Athenian  sport,  350. 

barristers'  gowns,  323. 

flasks  for  wine  bottles,  304. 

Froxhalmi,  &c.,  304. 

Ingulph's  Chronicle,  correction,  301. 

snush,  when  obsolete,  324, 

"  Tarbox  for  that,"  its  meaning,  324. 

tobacco-pipes,  372. 

Rimbault  (Dr.  E.  F.)  on  Burton's  Anatomy 

of  Melancholy,  191. 

Canaletto's  views  in  London,  288. 

"  Could  we  with  ink,"  &c.,  256. 

Dobney's  Bowling-green,  572. 

Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  354. 

Handel,  hymn  attributed  to  him,  573. 

Hero  of  the  "  Spanish  Lady's  Love," 

573. 

—  "  Hip,  hip,  hurrah  !  "  386. 

Middleton's  "  Witch,"  its  music,  196. 

Passion  of  our  Lord  dramatised,  528. 

Prince  Charles's  attendants  in  Spain, 

334. 
pulpit  hour  glasses,  252. 

—  Shakspeare's  portrait,  571. 

Shakspeare's  Rime  at  the  Mytre,  439. 

tavern  signs,  331. 

Walters  (Lucy),  Duke  of  Monmouth's 

mother,  171. 
R.  (I.  R,)  on  children  by  one  mother,  186. 

cock-and-bull  story,  209. 

Kemerton  Church,  its  dedication,  271. 

largesse,  a  provincialism,  209. 

lode,  its  meaning,  233. 

Maid  of  Orleans,  374. 

i  i    .  market  crosses,  209. 

Miller  (James),  496. 

palace  of  Lucifer,  233. 

reverence  to  the  altar,  566. 

Warner  the  poet,  453. 

White  (Samuel),  469. 

Rix  (S.  W.)  on  Sir  Anthony  Wingfield,  86. 
R.  (J.  C.)  on  Booty's  case,  137. 

"  Horara  coram  dago,"  186. 

prophesying  before  death,  550. 

"  Sat  cito,  si  sat  bene,"  137- 

tavern  signs,  330. 

R.  (J.  C.  H.)  on  foreign  universities,  150. 
R.  (J.  J.)  on  stone  pulpits,  79. 
R.  (J.  M.)  on  Rileys  of  Forest  Hill,  398. 
R.  (L.)  on  Whitelocke's  Memorials,  126. 
R.  (L.  M.  M.)  on  Kiel  the  Bethelite,  452. 

Knightlow  Cross,  448. 

— —  Scottish  airs,  245. 

R.  (L.  N.)  on  branks,  336. 

R.  (M.  H.)  on  dogs  in  monumental  brasses, 

312. 

door-head  inscription,  89. 

paintings  of  our  Saviour,  550. 

Whitelocke  (Gen.),  87. 

R.  ne'e  F.  (H.)  on  Brydone  the  tourist, 

255. 

coronation  stone,  329. 

Robert  (Prior)  of  Salop  on  restall,  539. 


Robson   (W.)  on  Duchess    of  Mazarin's 

monument,  2-19. 

Ross  (C.)  on  the  definition  of  garble,  407. 
R.  (R.)  on  "  Go  to  Bath,"  421. 

Roland  the  brave,  475. 

R.  (R.  I.)  on  derivation  of  Celt,  86. 
R.  (T.)  on  "  Cui  bono,"  76. 

"  Deus  ex  machina,"  77. 

Ruby  on  weather  rules,  308. 

Ruding  on  heraldic  query,  352. 

Rumbold  (W.  E.  W.)  on  red  and  scarlet 

liveries,  126. 

Rusticus  on  ashes  of  lignites,  422.  477. 
R.  (W.  B.)  on  dog-whippers,  500. 
R.  (W.  D.)  on  Lord  Rosehill,  422. 
seamen's  tickets,  452. 


S.  on  awkward,  awart,  209. 

Catholic  Bible  Society,  41. 

Fleet  prison,  160. 

royal  salutes,  245. 

2.  on  Arthur  de  Vere,  35. 

—  "  Horara  coram  dago,"  58. 
largesse,  408. 

prelate  fond  of  quoting  Procopius,  56. 

S.  (A.)  on  right  of  refuge  in  church  porch, 
597. 

Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester,  105. 

ruffin,  a  fish,  106. 

Sage  (E.  J.)  on  Rom  ford  jury,  396. 

St.  Aubyn  (J.  P.)  on  Enfield  Church,  287. 

St.  Clair  (Haughmond)  on  a  Bristol  com- 
pliment, 541. 

—  Devonshire  superstitions,  344. 
Salmon  (Robert  S.)  on  execution  survived, 

454. 
Sands  (H.  C.)  on  photographic  litigation, 

598. 
Sansom  ( J.)  on  antiquarian  documents,  513. 

arch-priest  at  Haccombe,  185. 

Robert  Bloet,  105. 

Dr.  Eleazar  Duncon,  184. 

,  daughters     taking     their     mothers' 

names,  20. 

marriage  in  the  fourteenth  century, 

84. 
— —  passage  in  Bishop  Watson,  43. 

"  Perturbabantur,"  576. 

sonnet  of  Blanco  White,  552. 

Saxa  on  "  Firm  was  their  faith,"  17. 

S.  (C.)  on  the  forlorn  hope,  43. 

S.  (C.  F.)  on  Ascension-day  custom,  9. 

Farrant's  anthem,  9. 

Scott  (Francis  John)  on  Celtic  and  Latin 

languages,  137^ 
Scott  (Jas.  J.)  on  death. warnings,  114. 

echo  poetry,  153. 

Scott  (Thos.)  on  photographic  slides,  332. 
Scott  (W.  H.)  on  coin  of  Carausius,  287. 

curious  inscription,  369. 

Scribe  (John)  on  "  Gentleman's  Calling," 
175. 

Russian  emperors,  359. 

tavern  signs,  331. 

S.  (D.  W.)  on  namby-pamby,  161. 

•«  Quid  facies,"  &c.,  161. 

S.  (E.  G.  F.)  on  Edward  Gibbon,  511. 
Seleucus  on  consonants  in  Welsh,  472. 

goloshes,  and  kutchin-kutchu,  304. 

Herbert's  Helga,  273. 

Longfellow's  Hyperion,  602. 

mounting  photographs,  310. 

Serviens  on  Gen.  Braddock,  11. 
Campbell  (Thomas),  73. 

—  Gage  (Gen.  Thomas),  12. 

S.  (G.  J.)  on  London  fortifications,  288. 

Ogborne's  History  of  Essex,  322. 

S.  (G.  L.)  on  Hardman's  account  of  Water- 
loo, 355.  529. 
— —  long  names,  312. 

Marquis  of  Granby,  574. 

Shadbolt  (Geo.)  on  cameras,  571. 

cyanide  of  potassium,  254. 

improvement  in  collodion,  406. 

mounting  positives  on  cardboard,  332. 

multiplying  negatives,  110. 


620 


INDEX. 


Shadbolt  (Geo.)  on  soluble  cotton,  571. 

Towgood's  paper,  110. 

S.  (H,  E.)  on  Maydenburi,  516. 

S.  (H.  F.)  on  Bale's  work  on  libraries,  589. 

Marston  and  Erasmus,  513. 

Shirley  (Ev.  Ph.)  on  factitious  pedigrees, 

275. 

Sigma  on  Byron  and  Rochefoucauld,  347. 
Canne's  Bible,  563. 

—  life  and  death,  592. 
plants  and  flowers,  421. 

Sigma  (1.),  on  grammar-school  at  St.  Mary 

de  Crypt,  590. 
"  Original  Poems,"  by  C.  R.,  541. 

—  "  Shipwrecked  Lovers,"  450. 

"  The  Village  Lawyer,"  491. 

Silex  on  the  ceroleine  process,  526. 
Simpson  (W.  Sparrow)  on  burial  in  erect 

posture,  407. 
chronograms  from  the  banks  of  the 

Rhine,  60. 

Churchill's  grave,  234. 

— —  dogs  in  monumental  brasses,  249. 

God's  acre,  492. 

.  hour-glass  stand,  253. 

Kennington  Common,  295. 

licences  to  crenellate,  276. 

— —  occasional  Forms  of  Prayer,  404. 

stone  pulpits,  80. 

Singer    (S.  W.)  on    Dr.  Whichcote   and 

Dorothy  Jordan,  383. 

—  Blanco  White's  sonnet,  469. 
Singleton  (S.)  on  Herbert's  Church  Porch, 

173. 

Sisson  (J.  Lawson)  on  mairdil  or  mardle, 
336. 

stereoscopic  note,  282. 

S.  (J.)  on  New  Zealander  and  Westmin- 
ster Bridge,  159. 

S.  (J.  D.)  on  derivation  of  mammet,  43. 

three  fleurs-de-lys,  113. 

S.  (J.  J.)  on  a  Rubens  query,  561. 

S.  (J.  L.)  on  bell  inscription,  110. 

— —  dannocks,  273. 

mawkin,  a  provincialism,  303. 

photographic  query,  282. 

&  (J.  L.),  sen.,  on  Star  and  Garter,  Kirk- 
stall,  324. 

— —  waestart,  a  provincialism,  349. 

S.  (J.  P.)  on  an  expression  in  a  Homily,  56. 

Shrove  Tuesday  custom,  223. 

Skyring  (G.  William)  on  "  One  New  Year's 
Day,"  467. 

—  ridings  and  chaffings,  578. 
S.  (M— a.)  on  green  eyes,  112. 
Smith  (Alfred)  on  Luther's  bust,  21. 
Smith  (J.  Gordon)  on  stock-horn,  76. 
Smith   (J.  H.  K.),  jun.,  on   Smiths    and 

Robinsons,  148. 

Smith  ( W.  J.  Bernhard)  on  clay  tobacco- 
pipes,  546. 

—  Nonjurors'  motto,  87. 

Wilbraham  Cheshire  MSS.,  135. 

S.  (M.  J.)  on  Spielberg,  302. 

S.  (M.  N.)  on  multiplying  negatives,  83. 

Smokejack  on  nursery  rhyme,  286. 

Smythe  ( Wm.)  on  warple-way,  125. 

Sneyd  (Walter)  on  wafers,  409. 

Snob  on  precedence,  327. 

S.  (N.  W.)  on  hydropathy,  575. 

"  spoke  in  his  wheel,"  45. 

S.  (O.)  on  the  Young  Pretender,  572. 
S.  (P.  C.  S.)  on  commissions  by  Charles  I. 
at  Oxford,  495. 

"  Service  is  no  inheritance,"  41. 

tippet,  its  derivation,  430. 

Vandyking,  452. 

Squeers  on  misapplication   of  terms,  44. 

S.  (R.  J.)  on  the  commencement  and  end- 
ing of  Sunday,  284. 
S.  (S.)  on  aches,  351. 
2.  s .  on  combat  of  birds,  303. 

—  execution  survived,  174. 

—  Grose  the  antiquary,  350. 
Ss.  (J.)  on  mousehunt,  136.  477. 
Whitelocke  (Gen.),  202. 

S.  (S.  S.)  on  tolling  bell  on  leaving  church, 


S.  (S.  Z.  Z.)  on  "  Children  in  the  Wood," 
305. 

East  Dereham  manor,  304. 

epigram  on  Dennis,  223. 

hero  of  "  The  Spanish  Lady's  Love," 

304. 

Steinmetz  (Andrew)  on  a  collodion  diffi- 
culty, 549. 

Stephens  (Henry)  on  artesian  wells,  499. 

Blue  Bells  of  Scotland,  2C9. 

clunk,  its  meaning,  208. 

draining  by  machinery,  183. 

mairdil,  233. 

Negro's  complaint,  246. 

Picts'  houses,  208. 

standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer,  567. 

Stillwell  (John  P.)  on  Cranmer's  martyr- 
dom, 590. 

— —  day  at  our  antipodes,  288. 

Francklyn's  Household-book,  575. 

Longfellow,  4£4. 

perspective,  379. 

Storer  (W.  P.)  on  blackguard,  503. 

books  burnt  by  the  hangman,  227. 

Cowperiana,  421. 

hymn  attributed  to  Handel,  303. 

Longfellow,  256. 

Mount  Mill,  256. 

— -  Oxford  Commemoration  squib,  113. 

St.  John's  Gate,  arms  on,  578. 

tolling  bell  on  leaving  church,  312. 

Strange  (Philip)  on  anagram  on  Emperor 

Nicholas,  561. 
Streether  (S.  F.)  on  Sir  Edmund  Plowden, 

&c.,  301. 
Stylites  on  artesian  wells,  222. 

polygamy,  246. 

Subscriber  on  Bridget  Cromwell,  36. 

Inman,  or  Ingman  family,  198. 

Waugh  of  Cumberland,  272. 

Suecas  on  Swedish  words  in  England,  601. 
Suum  Cuique  on  precedence,  541. 
S.  (W.)  on  apocryphal  works,  542. 

tolling  bell  on  leaving  church,  311. 

S.  (W.  H.)  on  Lounger's  Common-place 

Book,  174. 
S.  (W.  R.  D.)  on  "  Chip  in  porridge,"  45. 

Lewis  and  Sewell  families,  86. 

Warville,  112. 

S.  (Y.)  on  Dean  Nowell's  first  wife,  300. 


T. 

T.  on  temperature  of  cathedrals,  56. 
Taylor  (G.)  on  Manx  cats,  HI. 

pudding-bell,  567. 

quotation,  402. 

Three  Pigeons  inn,  423. 

"  To  pass  the  pikes,"  516. 

T.  (C.)  on  bloaters  and  herrings,  347. 

sepulchral  monuments,  514.  539.  586. 

T.  (D.  F.)  on  arms  of  Anthony  Kitchen, 

350. 

Haviland,  399. 

T.  (E.    A.)    on    Athens,    "the    violet- 
crowned,"  496. 
Temple  (Harry  Leroy)  on  parallel  passages, 

345. 

Popiana,  445. 

Tennyson  (G.)  on  mousehunt,  65. 

T.  (E.  S.  T.)  on  garble,  243. 

T.  (G.)  on  "  Days  of  my  Youth,"  601. 

Gay's  Acis  and  Galatea,  12. 

poetical  tavern  signs,  58. 

T.  (G.  W.)  on  New  Zealander  and  West- 
minster-bridge, 361. 
T.  (H.  G.)  on  quotations,  402. 
Thinks  I  to  myself  on  battles,  246. 

electric  telegraph,  270. 

— —  encyclopaedia  of  indexes,  371. 

life-belts,  348. 

pronunciation  of  foreign  names,  222. 

Thomas  (J.   W.)  on   Arabian  Tales    and 

their  sources,  319. 

"  Could  we  with  ink,"  &c.,  179. 

derivation  of  mammet  :  came,  82. 

Gerson  (J.)  and  De  Imitatione,  202. 

misapplication  of  terms,  361. 


Thornbury  (G.  W.)  on  inn  signs,  251. 

Thornton  (L.  M.)  on  Bayly's  "Isle  of 
Beauty,"  453. 

Beau  Nash's  palace,  146. 

Thrupp  (John)  on  nattochiis  andcalchanti, 
84. 

— —  New  Zealander  and  Westminster- 
bridge,  361. 

Timon  on  Nicholas  Kicten,  398. 

T.  (J.  G.)on  Postmaster  at  Merton  Col- 
lege, 304. 

T.  (J.  W.)  on  "  The  spire  whose  silent 
finger,"  9. 

T.  (N.  L.)  on  charade  on  Whitelocke,  456. 

gossip,  399. 

"  Go  to  Bath,"  578. 

largesse,  408. 

— —  mummy-chests,  422. 

"  Old  Rowley,"  457. 

orchard,  400. 

Peckwater  quadrangle,  400. 

sack,  427. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  and  his  quotations, 

162. 

"  verbatim  et  literatim,"  504. 

Tomkins  (H.  G.)  on  Longfellow,  256. 

Tonna  (L.  H.  J.)  on  "  Verbatim  et  litera- 
tim," 348. 

Townsend  (A.)  on  Bradford's  writings, 
449. 

Bp.  Hooper's  argument  on  the  vest- 
ment controversy,  221. 

Traveller  on  Brydone  the  tourist,  432. 

Dilamgabendi,  516. 

Trevelyan  (W.  C.)  on  bothy,  527. 

Field's  Bible,  563. 

T.  (R.  V.)  on  garble,  359. 

ridings  and  chaffings,  578. 

T.  (T.  A.)  on  derivation  of"  bigot,"  560. 

— —  children  by  one  mother,  572. 

forensic  jocularities,  538. 

—  "  Hie  locus  odit,  amat,"  552. 

Kirkpatrick's  Norwich  MSS.,  515. 

palindrome  verses,  343. 

stone  pillar  worship,  535. 

stornello  verses,  299. 

"  Three  cats  sat,"  &c.,  574. 

T.  (T.  E.)  on  Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl  of 
Cambridge,  601. 

T.  (T.  H.)  on  Celtic  and  Latin  languages, 
14. 

T.  (W.)  on  "Ned  o'  the  Todding,"  36. 

T.  (W.J.)on  simmels,  322. 

T.  (W.  T.)  on  ancient  tenure  of  lands,  309. 

T.  (W.  W.  E.)  on  blue  bell  and  blue  an- 
chor,  86. 

.,        cash,  its  derivation,  66. 

Tyro  on  Lyra  Apostolica,  304. 


U. 

Y.  on  ought  and  aught,  419. 

U.  (H.)  on  soluble  cotton,  548. 

Umbra  on  criminals  restored  to  life,  281. 

Uneda  on  ampers  and,  43. 

•         birin-bank,  its  derivation,  12. 

• "captivate,"  its  old  meaning, 8. 

Darwin  on  Steam,  271. 

Devreux  Bowly,  173. 

Dog  Latin,  G01. 

ducking-stool,  232. 

encore,  601. 

epigrams,  504.  ^ 

Fairfax  (Lord),  379. 

Fraser  (General),  431. 

gale  of  rent,  408. 

green  eyes,  432. 

Inglis  (Bishop)  of  Nova  Scotia,  527. 

. life  and  death,  592. 

"  Marriage  in  High  Life,"  590. 

"  Milton  Blind,"  a  poem,  395. 

.        Milton's  correspondence,  504. 

"  mob,"  its  derivation,  601. 

"  Off  with  his  head  !"  543. 

Queen  Anne's  motto,  20. 

selleridge,  146. 

tailless  cats,  479. 

"  To  try  and  get,"  76. 


INDEX. 


621 


Uneda  on  "  Trevclyan,"  590. 

Wilkins  (Peter),  his  Adventures,  543. 

Ursus  on  Huntbach  MSS.,  149. 
U.  (U.)  on  Garlic  Sunday,  34. 
Turlehydes,  10. 


V. 

Viator  on  warple-way,  478. 
Vokaros  on  Clarence  dukedom,  224. 
V.  (P.)  on  Ferdinand  Charles  III.,  598. 


W. 

W.  on  the  order  of  St.  David,  125. 
——  objective  and  subjective,  170. 

standing  at  the  Lord's  Prayer,  257. 

S2U-  on  lawyers'  bags,  21. 

W.'(A.  C.)  on  "Hypocrisv  is  the  homage," 

&c.,  127. 
Wake  (H.  T.)  on  epitaph  at  Whittlebury, 

122. 

Walcott  (Mackenzie)  on  atonement,  503. 
.        bishops'  tombs,  146. 

burial  in  erect  posture,  279. 

coincidences  between  Sir  T.  Browne 

and  Bp.  Ken,  220. 

grammars  for  public  schools,  81. 

. Hale  (Sir  Matthew),  his  descendants, 

160. 
- —  Hooker  quoted,  77. 

—  inn  signs,  £51. 

—  muffins  and  crumpets,  208. 

muffs  worn  by  gentlemen,  90. 

newspaper  folk-lore,  84. 

—  New    Zealander    and    Westminster- 

bridge,  361. 

stone  pulpits,  80. 

three  fleurs-de-lys,  84.  226. 
— —  tolling  bell  on  leaving  church,  312. 

Waugh  of  Cumberland,  482. 

- —  word-minting,  335. 

Walrond  (J.  W.)  on  double  iodide  of  silver 

and  potassium,  254. 
Walter  (Henry)  on  the  asteroids,  36. 
Warden  (J.  S.)  on  Abigail,  359. 
— —  Arabian  nights,  44. 
...     awkward,  its  etymology,  480. 

Ballina  Castle,  Mayo,  311. 

"  Begging  the  question,"  359. 

Bingham  (Sir  John),  450. 

Black  Prince,  374. 

Byron,  the  fifth  Lord,  18. 

Byron's  Childe  Harold,  481. 

• Christabel,  the  Third  Part,  18. 

— —  Clarendon  and  the  tub- woman,  45. 

divining-rod,  386. 

double  Christian  names,  45. 

eclipse  of  1263,  480. 

—— -  Grammont's  Memoirs,  584. 

Helen  MacGregor,  350. 

Henry    of    Huntingdon's    Letter    to 

Walter,  371. 
.—  Jews  and  Egyptians,  34. 

judicial  rank  hereditary,  311. 

-K —  maps,  their  dates,  396. 

Matthew    of    Westminster   (Bohn's 

edit.),  8. 


= 


Warden  (J.  S.)  on  moon  superstitions,  4£0. 

naval  atrocities,  10. 

.         orange  blossoms,  386. 

Otterburn  battle,  348. 

personal  descriptions,  76. 

punctuation,  errors  in,  482. 

Richard  I.,  44. 

Richard  Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Cam- 
bridge, 493. 

Roman  Catholic  patriarchs,  384. 

Sheliey's  Prometheus  Unbound,  351. 

Waugh  (Geo.)  on  the  Waugh  family,  20. 

Way  ( Albert)  on  Leighton's  burial-place,  8. 

W.  (C.  F.)  on  dog-whippers  and  frankin- 
cense, 349. 

W.  (C.  F.  A.)  on  Odd  Fellows,  327. 

Webb  (Geo.  Bish)  on  pedigree  to  the  time 
of  Alfred,  338. 

Weir  (Arch.)  on  "Corporations  have  no 
souls,"  137. 

Zeuxis  and  Parrhasius,  322. 

W.  (E.  S.  S.)  on  Ferdinand  Charles  III., 
417. 

—  medal  of  Chevalier  St.  George,  479. 
West  Indian  on  Col.   M.   Smith's  family, 

222. 

West  Sussex  on  "  Myself,"  430. 
W.  (G.)  on  Russian  religion,  86. 
W.  (H.)  on  conjunctions  joining  proposi- 
tions, £79. 

—  table-turning,  £01. 

Wharton  (J.  M.)  on  Granby  sign,  127. 

Whitborne  (J.  B.)  on  William  Carlos's 
inscription,  305. 

Elizabeth  Elstob,  200. 

sign  of  rain,  53. 

vossioner,  its  meaning,  224. 

wooden  tombs  and  effigies,  62. 

Whitworth  (Chas.)  on  box  saw-dust  for 
collodion,  358. 

Wiccamicus  on  "  Perturbabantur,"  577. 

Wilkinson  (C.)  and  Sons  on  Buonaparte's 
abdication,  183. 

Wilkinson  (T.  T.)  on  Cambridge  mathe- 
matical questions,  184. 

Williams  (F.  J.)  on  Scotch  grievance,  160. 

Willo  on  saw-dust  recipe,  255. 

Winthrop  (Wm.),  Malta,  on  Fairfax 
barony, 156. 

—  German  song  on  Truth,  56. 

Haynau  (Gen.),  his  corpse,  171. 

longevity,  232. 

Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  80.  99. 

263.  333.  417.  442. 

parallel  passages,  347. 

rapping  no  novelty,  200. 

— —  royal    letters    to    Grand    Masters    of 

Malta,  99.  333.  417.  442. 

Saladin,  the  great  Sultan,  257. 

year  1854,  197. 

W.  (J.)on  derivation  of  skin-flint,  34. 
W.  (J.  K.  R.)  on  epitaphs,  492. 

"  One  New  Year's  Day,"  526. 

W.  (J.  M.)  on  saw-dust  recipe,  255. 
W.  (J.  O.)  on  Sir  Hugh  Myddelton,  495. 
W.  (J.  R.)  on  Lounger's  Common- place 

Book,  258. 
Wmson  (S.)  on  lines  attributed  to  Hudi- 

bras,  137. 
— —  "  marriage  a  rabble  rout,"  184. 


Wmson  (S.)  on  Noctes  Ambrosianae,  597. 
W.  (M.  T.)  on  Churchill's  grave,  334. 

Cranmer's  Bibles,  334. 

Knight's  Quarterly,  contributors  to, 

334. 
Woodman  (E.  F.)  on  books  burnt  by  the 

hangman,  426. 
—  "  Hovd  maet  of  laet,"  257. 

•  Linnasan  medal,  374. 

Woodward  (B.  B.)  on  "Consilium  novem 
delectorum  Cardinalium,"  &c.,  127. 
519. 

Kirkpattick's  Norwich  MSS.,564. 

Wreford  (J.  R.)  on  Ferdinand  Charles  III., 

598. 

W.  (T.  I.)  on  holy-loaf  money,  150. 
W.  (T.  T.)  on  Queen  Elizabeth  and  the 
ring,  175. 

Sunday,  its  commencement  and  end, 

198. 

W.  (W.  F.)  on  iodized  paper,  62. 
W.   (W.  S.)    on   daughters    taking   their 
mothers'  names,  230. 


X. 


X.  on  reversible  names,  285. 
H«v0e?   on  Dr.   Whichcote  and  Dorothy 
Jordan,  351. 

Keats's  Poems,  421. 

X.  (S.)  on  Lord  Halifax  and  Mrs.  C.  Bar- 
ton, 18. 
X.  (W.)  on  Widderington  family,  375. 


Y.  (B.  R.  A.)  on  inscription  on  Lindsey 
Court-house,  602. 

Lyra  Apostolica,  407. 

Mount  Mill,  174. 

Yeowell  (James)  on  bell  mottoes,  109.' 

Y.  (H.)  on  B.  C.  Y.,  149. 

Y.  (J.)  on  Bishop  Burnet's  character,  448. 

—  Chauncy,  or  Chancy,  126. 
cross-legged  figures,  77. 

—  electric  telegraph  in  1753,  274. 
Whitelocke  (Gen.),  202. 

Y.  (K.)  on  tailless  cats,  480. 

Y.  (Z.)  on  Forms  of  Public  Meetings,  174. 


Z. 

Z.  on  extracts  from  Registers  of  Lincoln 

see,  513. 

Z.  (A.)  on  Leapor's  Tragedy,  104. 
— —  Lydia,  or  Conversion,  76. 

Watson  (Charles),  57. 

Zachary  (M.)  on  Hervie's  Synagogue,  184. 

Zeus  on  Belle  Sauvage,  44. 

criminals  restored  to  life,  281. 

—  German  tree,  136. 

—  goloshes,  470. 
- —  inn  signs,  252. 

,        mantel-piece,  576. 

muffins  and  crumpets,  208. 

Sotades,  18. 

Z.  (X.  Y.)  on  Dr.  John  Pocklington,  £47. 
Roland  the  brave,  372. . 


END   OF    THE   NINTH  VOLUME. 


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St.  Bride,  in  the  City  of  London;  and  published  by  GEORGE  BELL,  of  No.  18G.  Fleet  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Dtuistan  in  the  \Vest,  in  th» 
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AG  Notes  and  queries 

305  Ser.  1,  v.  9 

17 

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